You have a sunny disposition and a nature that is proud and honorable. You do not stoop to low or mean acts because that is not becoming of you. You have a strong vital essence, and you radiate vitality to those in your immediate circle. You are a natural leader, and can do well in positions of management or authority. You are willing to help those in need and you give of yourself in a generous manner.
You are a very enthusiastic person with an incredible faith in your abilities. You love to expand your mind, being knowledgeable of many subjects. Although you want recognition for your efforts, you are not driven by ambition. For you, it is more important to live a full life, rich in experiences, and with abundant possibilities for using all your potential. You may sometimes be very self-indulgent and this can lead to excessive money spending.
You come across as fair, big-hearted, and sincere. Generous with your time and money, you're an easy person to like. You are probably interested in law, education, and religion.
You can be incredibly assertive when you want something. You really do want it now, and yes, you probably do end up getting it. You have the personality of a fighter, and that is most apparent during your youth. You may have been described as a child of having "bundles of energy", or one that "can't sit still". Later in life you may have learned to channel this high energy into certain activities such as career, sports, or any area where competitiveness is considered an asset. You feel the need to be doing something all the time. Your energy and competitive spirit can be used for a variety of things; you love to win. You are more inclined to be a leader rather than a follower.
Your father is likely the source for your competitive and aggressive energy as he probably had a very strong presence about him; maybe he too was very assertive. If you did not have a way of channelling this energy early in life, you may have bullied or went looking for a fight, getting all fired up and hot under the collar, and stirring up trouble at every turn. With your energy channelled in the right way, you are gutsy, not afraid of conflict, and really quite daring. If you peel away the layers, however, you might find a rather insecure person who does everything in their power to prove themselves.
You want what you say to be important and to be recognized. Knowledge is important to you and you express it with confidence, enthusiasm, and authority. You are good at thinking for yourself and forming original ideas. Your may find it hard to accept other people's view points, only valuing your own.
The tendency here is for you to be rather one-sided. It is difficult for you to be objective, and you have little or no appreciation for other, different ways of approaching life. You feel yours is the best way and you can't imagine how anyone else could be doing something different than you. It is hard for you to put yourself in other people's situations and understand just what things are like for them. You try, but you just don't have that ability. You tend to be impulsive. You need to learn to use your willpower to control the fluctuating emotional turmoil that stirs within you. You can be extremely sensitive at times and you do not always take into consideration how your actions will affect other people.
Within you there is a drive to live some form of ideal life, and to be someone special. You are very compassionate, and easily sense all the harshness and suffering in the world. Sometimes you may have the tendency to escape from this; in extreme cases, you could have the urge to turn to alcohol, drugs etc.
Your father is a very caring and generous individual who is most likely spiritual. During your childhood and youth, he most likely spent most of his time pursing a particular vision or dream, or a way of escaping to a better way of life. Whatever the case may have been, it left you feeling like he was emotionally distant from you. However, at some time in your life, you idolized him regardless of this; as you grow older, your opinion of your father may change as memories come back to you in a clearer form. You like art, music, drama, film, and photography, and you are heavily influenced by fantasy.
You may have mediumship ability. Or maybe you have the ability to act as a medium through the arts such as music or acting to describe the feelings of us all.
You have a distinct intensity about you. Self-knowledge and psychological transformation are your goals. Throughout your life you undergo many periods of self-transformation; this is because of your ability to intensely self-analyze yourself.
You do not like superficial people; in fact, you can actually 'see through' others, reading their true motives effortlessly. You are determined to uncover the truth, and may be obsessed to prove that something is wrong, and that things are not as they appear.
You may be prone to inner tension and negative, self-destructive behavior. When things are going well, you suffer from fears that something will come along to change that. Constantly worrying that the rug will be pulled out from under your feet can easily become a self-fulfilling prophecy. You possess tremendous power and strength. When you learn to accept and use that strength, instead of fear it, you can be one of the most effective, insightful, helpful persons around! At times, you can be intensely dissatisfied with your personal accomplishments and expressions of self. You put a lot of pressure on yourself regarding your own accomplishments. You can also be quite dissatisfied with your creative self-expression, and want to hide it from others until you feel the right moment to do so. This is largely due to a habit of hiding your true personality from others. It is actually possible for a person to know you for years without ever truly seeing who you really are as a person, as you may choose not to reveal the real you.
You have an intense awareness of self, and you may assume that others are aware of you just as much as you are aware of yourself; this can lead to problems such as paranoia.
You are very sensitive to criticism, and have an intense need for privacy at times.
In the first half of your life, you may have felt like the attempts to express your personality were ignored; this probably originated from your relationship with your father. Because of this, you may have a persistent feeling that you do not get what you want more often than other people around you; this leads you to feel unlucky. During your childhood, you may have felt like your father had little time for you, or you needed more of his time. You do not expect anything for nothing in life.
You have a drive in life to feel important and recognized, maybe even to be famous. But while desperate to be seen, you may also become embarrassed about putting yourself out there in the spotlight.
You have a sarcastic sense of humor, a keen intelligence, and the ability to apply caution and strategy.
You are inventive, original, independent, and have a very strong urge to be unique. Being different from others is important to you. You hate being restricted in any way, and you will despise any person that does this to you; these are most likely to be figures of authority. During your childhood, you were most likely a kid that was hard to control, fighting against any restrictions set by your parents. You have a love for being free, and your profession may reflect this too.
Your father may have been a bully and an authoritarian. You are fascinated with all things technical, with inventions, and anything that breaks new ground, e.g., space, computers, electronics, gadgets.
Social relationships are extremely important to you. You are charming and have an easy-going manner. It is generally quite important for you to be popular, to come across in a pleasant way, and to be liked and appreciated. You do your best to seek peace and harmony in relationships with people. You are also good at smoothing other people's situations out. You have an appreciation for art and music.
You are sociable and energetic, self-confident, and candid. You enjoy performing for others. This aspect aids your health and well-being.
You are a very enthusiastic person with an incredible faith in your abilities. You love to expand your mind, and to be knowledgeable of many subjects. Although you want recognition for your efforts, you are not driven by ambition. For you it is more important to live a full life, rich in experiences, and with abundant possibilities for using all your potential. You may sometimes be very self-indulgent, and that can lead to excessive money spending.
You are generous and have a cheerful, happy-go-lucky nature. You want to be free to experience as much of life as possible. You have always been aware that there is a great deal to be seen and explored in this world, and you want to see as much of it as you can. Relating to people is relatively easy for you because you are willing to chat with anymore, regardless of their background. You are interested in law, education, and religion.
You can be incredibly assertive when you want something, you really do want it now, and yes, you probably do end up getting it. You have the personality of a fighter; this is most apparent during your youth. You may have been described as a child of having "bundles of energy", or one that "can't sit still". Later in life, you may have learned to channel this high energy into certain activities such as career, sports, or any area where competitiveness is considered an asset. You feel the need to be doing something all the time. Your energy and competitive spirit can be used for a variety of things; you love to win. You are more inclined to be a leader rather then a follower.
You have powerful stores of energy that can be drawn upon when needed. You respond to problems or challenges with a spirited and enthusiastic confidence that is admirable. You are naturally competitive; however, this is applied in an unforced, untouched, and honest way. You truly believe in fair play, and seem to be in love with life.
You enjoy sports or games that are competitive, but not violent, as you are not a naturally confrontational person. Breaking the rules of a competitive game is particularly upsetting to you.
Your father is likely the source for your competitive energy as he probably had a very strong presence about him; maybe he too was very assertive.
You are a creative person who can best satisfy your own personal goals by having the support of your family and others, which enables you to act with confidence. You have the ability to satisfy both your need to be an individual and your need to interrelate with others. You are independent, self-reliant, and content with yourself.
Within you there is a drive to live some form of an ideal life, and to be someone special. You are very compassionate, and easily sense all the harshness and suffering in the world. It is so completely natural for you to accept that there is more to the world than meets the eye. You love to help others and be of service; any rejection of your attempts to help hurts you deeply. You may have an attraction to spirituality and metaphysical subjects.
Your father is a very caring and generous individual who is most likely spiritual and talented at art or music. During your childhood and youth, he most likely spent most of his time pursing a particular vision or dream, or a way of escaping to a better way of life. Whatever the case may have been, it left you feeling like he was emotionally distant from you. However, at some time in your life, you idolize him, regardless of this. As you grow older, your opinion of your father may change as memories come back to you in a clearer form.
You have a distinct intensity about you. Throughout your life, you undergo many periods of self-transformation; this is because of your ability to intensely self-analyze yourself. You have tremendous self-awareness. You do not like superficial people; in fact, you can actually 'see through' others, reading their true motives effortlessly. You are determined to uncover the truth, and may be obsessed to prove that something is wrong, and that things are not as they appear. You are very charismatic, and have the ability to make people do things for you without them being aware of it.
You are probably not scared of many things in your life. You enjoy and embrace growth, especially of the psychological kind. You love a good mystery, and are very good at solving them. You are most likely to feel you have some kind of "calling" or destiny in life. You readily assign meaning to what others might consider "ordinary" events.
Within you may be inner emotional tension; however, this is very under control. You possess tremendous power and strength. When you learn to make use of it, you can be one of the most effective, insightful, helpful persons around! You are usually quick to help others, not only with everyday tasks, but also on a spiritual or psychological level. Your insight is sharp and sometimes inspiring to others. You are a highly perceptive individual that is not easily upset or surprised in life.
At times, you can be intensely dissatisfied with your personal accomplishments and expressions of self. You put a lot of pressure on yourself regarding your own accomplishments.
There may be times in your life where you find it hard to express yourself; this causes you to hide your true personality from others. In fact, it is actually possible for a person to know you for years without ever truly seeing who you really are as a person, as you may choose not to reveal the real you.
You are self-confident and have much common sense. When you take on responsibilities with ease, you will achieve success much easier than most. You are organized, and work consistently and well for success.
You have great belief in your talents and are quite sure of yourself. The relationship with your father during your childhood was a very good one. He made you feel confident in your abilities to go out there and achieve what you want; you probably even admire him.
You are inventive, original, independent, and have a very strong urge to be unique. Being different from others is important to you. You hate being restricted in any way, and you will despise any person that does this to you. Your father was likely a unique individual who enjoyed being unusual; this may have inspired you to be different yourself. You are proud to be unique, and find ways to exploit your considerable creative abilities. You have a love for being free, and your profession may reflect this too. You are fascinated with all things technical, with inventions, and anything that breaks new ground, e.g., space, computers, electronics, gadgets etc.
You are loving and well-loved by others. You have charm, and are gentle, kind, sympathetic, friendly, and helpful. You are considerate of other people's feelings. You have artistic and creative abilities, and you like to do everything in a harmonious, gracious, and pleasing manner. Aesthetics are very important to you, as are your own personal appearance and attractiveness. Good things happen to you because you attract them, and whatever else you happen to need. You desire comfortable, attractive, and even luxurious surroundings.
You are unusually sociable and you need people around you. You may have an internal conflict as to what to pursue in life.
You are a very enthusiastic person with an incredible faith in your abilities. You love to expand your mind, being knowledgeable of many subjects. Although you want recognition for your efforts, you are not driven by ambition. For you, it is more important to live a full life, rich in experiences, and with abundant possibilities for using all your potential.
You can be very optimistic, but sometimes too over the top. And when it comes to spending, this can happen too. If you do not control this, you can end up over-spending on things such as clothes or going out.
You can be incredibly assertive, when you want something. You really do want it now, and yes, you probably do end up getting it. You have the personality of a fighter, and that is most apparent during your youth. You may have been described as a child of having "bundles of energy", or one that "can't sit still". Later in life you may have learned to channel this high energy into certain activities such as career, sports, or any area where competitiveness is considered an asset. You feel the need to be doing something all the time. Your energy and competitive spirit can be used for a variety of things; you love to win. You are more inclined to be a leader rather than a follower.
Throughout your life, this high energy you possess has likely caused you conflict, as you may rub people the wrong way. You are very motivated to get things done, to take action rather than simply talk about something, and to get from point A to point B as quickly as possible.
Your selfishness and interest in your own affairs keeps you from being sympathetic to the needs and feelings of others. You sometimes feel pulled in two different directions. This is a major reason why you find it hard to be decisive. You can't seem to make up your mind on anything. You try to do the right thing, but you aren't sure what the right thing is. You have the problem of satisfying both your need to be an individual and your need for caring relationships and a sense of belonging. Because of the mixed messages you send out, people don't always know how to respond to you or know what you really want. This can cause confusion and conflict in your relationships.
Within you there is a drive to live some form of an ideal life, and to be someone special. You are very compassionate, and easily sense all the harshness and suffering in the world. Sometimes you may have the tendency to escape from this; in extreme cases you could have the urge to turn to alcohol, drugs etc.
Your father is a very caring and generous individual who is most likely spiritual. During your childhood and youth, he most likely spent most of his time pursing a particular vision or dream, or a way of escaping to a better way of life. Whatever the case may have been, it left you feeling like he was emotionally distant from you. However, at some time in your life, you idolize him, regardless of this. As you grow older, your opinion of your father may change as memories come back to you in a clearer form. You may have difficulty in your life understanding who you really are. You might gravitate towards the "wrong people", or get in with the "wrong crowd" in an attempt to define who you are. You have a tendency to overindulgence in drugs or alcohol, and to daydream. You have a talent for art, music, drama, film, or photography. You are heavily influenced by fantasy, and tremendously creative.
You may also have mediumship ability. Or maybe you're able to act as a medium through the arts such as music or acting to describe the feelings we all have.
You have a distinct intensity about you. Self-knowledge and psychological transformation are your goals. Throughout your life, you undergo many periods of self-transformation; this is because of your ability to intensely self-analyze yourself.
In the first half of your life, you may have felt like the attempts to express your personality were ignored; this probably originated from your relationship with your father. Because of this, you may have a persistent feeling that you do not get what you want more often than other people around you; this leads you to feel unlucky. During your childhood and most of your youth there were many conflicts with your father and authority figures; this left you psychologically wounded. You do not expect anything for nothing in life.
You are inventive, original, independent, and have a very strong urge to be unique. Being different from others is important to you. You hate being restricted in any way, and will hate any person who does this to you; these people will most likely be figures of authority. During your childhood, you were most likely a kid that was hard to control, fighting against any restrictions set by your parents.
However, your need to be different can sometimes leave you feeling incredibly alienated. Some of the ideas you express to people may be difficult for them to understand, and many times in your life, you would have encountered great resistance from others. It may be very difficult for people to change your views as you can have a tendency to be rather stubborn.


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Q: Are there any homeless people in The Hunger Games? Do hobos exist in The Hunger Games? Or does everyone have a house or shelter to live in?

A: We learn in Catching Fire that the people in District 12 have "designated dwellings", so it seems doubtful that there are any homeless people:

My old home. We still get to keep it since officially it's the
designated dwelling of my mother and sister. If I should drop dead right now, they would have to return to it.

The point of this obviously is to control the people, not to be generous.
When people flee from their District, they live outside. What happens from there is usually that they end up dead, killed, captured and turned into Avoxes...except for the lucky ones that end up in District 13, which takes in all refugees. In fact, in Mockingjay it takes in all 800+ District 12 refugees who had been wandering the woods for three days after the District was destroyed.
As for the Capitol, it's even less likely that they have homeless people, at least under normal circumstances. The Capitol is rich and has the sort of people who just wouldn't be able to live on the streets. Plus, in Mockingjay, when the rebels attack the Capitol by using cars to detonate pods (Chapter 24), we see  refugees being forced into homes:

Many are still out on the street, trying to find shelter for the night. Those who live in the choice apartments of the inner city have not flung open their doors to house the displaced. On the contrary, most of them bolted their locks, drew their shutters, and pretended to be out. Now the City Circle's packed with refugees, and the Peacekeepers are going door to door, breaking into places if they have to, to assign houseguests.
On the television, we watch a terse Head Peacekeeper lay out specific rules regarding how many people per square foot each resident will be expected to take in. He reminds the citizens of the Capitol that temperatures will drop well below freezing tonight and warns them that their president expects them to be not only willing but enthusiastic hosts in this time of crisis. Then they show some very staged-looking shots of concerned citizens welcoming grateful refugees into their homes. The Head Peacekeeper says the president himself has ordered part of his mansion readied to receive citizens tomorrow. He adds that shopkeepers should also be prepared to lend their floor space if requested.

This would work well if there were only a few people who needed homes, but there were too many. People spend the night in the street and are tightly packed into stores.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home Blog Motor Vehicle Accidents What issues arise with a rear-end collision?
What issues arise with a rear-end collision?
Among the most common traffic accidents are rear-end collisions. The aftermath of these crashes could be different from sideswipes and head-on collisions in Wisconsin, but the risk of a severe injury or fatality exists. Unfortunately, many cars get hit from behind while stopped, which may result in terrible injuries. Practicing defensive driving becomes challenging when waiting for a red light to turn green.
The matter of rear-end collisions
Research indicates that nearly 30% of all serious injuries and about 20% of all crash fatalities result from rear-end collisions. Again, one vehicle remains stopped while the other may travel at high speeds, and the laws of physics prove unkind to the stationary vehicle. That said, a car need not travel at a high rate of speed to cause severe injuries or worse. Even a "minor" tap from behind could send someone's head into the steering wheel, dashboard, or windshield.
Often, the vehicle that crashes into someone from behind is at fault. Maybe the driver illegally tailgated the other car, and the lead car had to stop to avoid hitting someone who ran into the street. The minimal distance between the two cars makes a crash unavoidable, and tailgating suggests one driver's negligence created the situation.
Negligence and rear-end collisions
When there's negligence, one driver may have a lawsuit against the other. However, the negligent driver might not be the vehicle that hit someone from behind. If the lead driver committed a moving violation or operated a mechanically unsound car, then that driver might be responsible.
Auto liability insurance may cover losses resulting from motor vehicle accidents. Receiving a fair settlement may require intense negotiations, even when it is apparent the other driver was at fault.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Surf Happens is Santa Barbara's premier surf school – this is our profession and our passion. We are a community-based business dedicated to sharing the spirit of Aloha and the lifestyle of surfing with people of all ages and abilities. Founded in the local waters of Santa Barbara, California in 2000, we are a complete, full-service surfing school offering year-round private and group surf lessons, surf camps for kids and adults, after-school programs, beginner to advanced coaching, and community surfing competitions including the annual Rincon Classic.
Twenty years of experience – Proven methodology – Top-quality equipment – Elite coaching More than 18,000 stoked students – Voted Local Hero for surf instruction and community service – Learn to surf in two hours – Guaranteed fun!
Catch a Wave Today and Change your Life Forever!
Surf Happens is the industry leader in the field of surfing instruction, offering year round, all ages private and group lessons. We operate on an open booking schedule and have an amazing team on call to serve you. All you have to do is set up an appointment and show up and we take care of the rest! You may register online or give us a call @ 805.966.9613 to chat about your lesson and find the perfect time, location and instructor to fit your needs!
We are the original surf camp at Santa Claus Lane, one of Santa Barbara's most beloved beaches, officially dubbed "the world's safest beach." If you're looking for a great beach to learn to surf, you've come to the right Santa Barbara surf school.
Ages for the day camps are 4-17 with an even variety of age groups each week that help to form a "tribal" atmosphere. The youngest kids are adopted by the older students and both bond with junior instructors and instructors, forming a positive environment that enriches the learning experience.
We are Santa Barbara's premier surf school – For more than twenty years, we have taught the sport of surfing and the spirit of Aloha, to students of all ages and abilities, from 11 months old, to 88 years old, with alumni now including a few World Surf League competitors! From your first steps, to intermediate, competitive surfer seeking a national title, to the professional level, our team of expert coaches will systematically help you achieve your goals with guaranteed methods and results. We believe that surfing is one of the most fun things we as human beings may experience, along with a lifestyle that dreams are made of.
We are the organizers of killer contests and private parties, and our annual Rincon Classic is one of the oldest and best-loved surf contests on the West Coast. From your first steps to elite coaching, all occasion parties, corporate events, rentals, and after school programs, Surf Happens has got you covered.
Click here for more about Surf Happens from the owner, Chris Keet.
Fueling the rapid growth and popularity of Surf Happens beginner to intermediate programs is the Surf Happens teaching methodology that approaches instruction through phases of mental and technical learning that resembles a martial arts program in its progression. Each phase builds upon the learning and understanding of the one before, paving a strong foundation for growth along with proper education on oceanography, safety, etiquette, and the history of the sport.
Join our mailing list to receive the latest news and updates from the Surf Happens team!


Rwanda is banking on its political stability, good governance and well-functioning institutions to keep on attracting new investments into the country.
The East Africa state is on an aggressive global charm-offensive to lure new investors, while enticing existing financiers to re-invest in the landlocked country, which has proven to be an increasingly strong economic powerhouse in the region.
The country, which is this year (2018) celebrating 24-years since the dreaded "1994 Genocide", has taken back the reigns to redefine itself as the preferred investment and tourism destination in the continent.
Currently, the country's annual average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate is approximately 8%. The country is riding on its success to implement varied incentives that have made it become among the best performing economies in Africa, as regards the ease of doing business.
Rwanda was ranked the most competitive place to do business in the East Africa region, and second in Africa by the World Economic Forum's 2017-2018 Global Competitiveness report.
It was also ranked second after Mauritius in the World Bank Ease of Doing Business Index released late last year (2018), and the top destination in East Africa.
According to pundits, efficient markets and a stable political environment – are among the top key pillars that have boosted the country's competitiveness.
The country is boasting as being among the few in the continent where investors can register their business within the shortest time possible, with a strong legal-regulatory framework that is committed to foreign ownership rights and economic freedom for investors.
"You can register your business within six hours," Rwandese High Commissioner to Kenya James Kimonyo told journalists in Nairobi.
"We are open for investors and one thing I can assure you is that return on investment is very high. The government has ensured the environment for investment is very conducive," Kimonyo added.
With a new investment law, Rwanda has put in place an array of incentives for investors putting their money in key priority sectors, as it seeks to deepen Foreign Direct Investments (FDI's). These are fiscal and non-fiscal incentives.
They include zero corporate income taxes for companies planning to relocate their headquarters to Rwanda, and a 15% preferential corporate income tax for strategic sectors such as energy, transport, affordable housing, ICT and financial services.
Investors who meet government requirements are exempted from capital gains tax, while also allowed to repatriate capital and asset gains.
It also has a seven-year corporate income tax holiday for large projects in strategic sectors of the economy, such as energy, exports, tourism, health, manufacturing and ICT.
Non-fiscal incentives include quick business and investment online registration, assistance with tax-related services and exemptions, assistance to access utilities (water and electricity) and obtaining visas and work permits.
Investors can also access information at a One Stop Centre created by the government and are assured of aftercare services to fast track project implementation.
Sectors fronted for investment include Manufacturing, Tourism, ICT, Agriculture, Energy, Mining, Real Estate & Construction, Financial Services, Health Services, Infrastructure and Education.
Though the country's manufacturing sector is relatively young, it has been recording year-on-year growth, at an annual rate of 7%. Rwanda targets to increase industrial contribution to GDP to 26% by 2020.
"Several policies and strategies such as the National Industry Policy and the National Export Strategy have been developed to accelerate industrial and export growth," the Rwanda Development Board notes.
It targets to increase the value of exports to US$1.5 billion by 2020, and increase the number of jobs to 1.5 million by 2024.
To boost local domestic and foreign supply of manufactured goods, the government has put in place a Special Economic Zone and industrial parks in Bugesera, Huye, Nyabihu, Rusizi, Rwamagana and Musanze, which come with developed infrastructure and streamlined business regulations to facilitate savvy investors.
Opportunities in the country's manufacturing sector include in the textile, apparel and leather sector, wood and wood products, float glass manufacturing and packaging.
It enjoys a number of trade incentives including duty-free quota-free market access for goods entering the European Union Market and the US through the American Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Rwanda also enjoys an array of bilateral investment and tax treaties.
Rwanda has opened its doors for international hotel brands. Tourism remains the largest source of foreign exchange earnings for the country. For instance, the sector generated $404 million in 2016.
In ICT, the government has invested heavily in developing relevant infrastructure to enable service delivery.
The country has over 5,000 kilometres of Fibre optic broadband laid across the country, connecting all 30 districts with nine regional links to neighbouring countries. It has opportunities in tech innovation, Information Technology and Smart Cities solutions, among other areas.
The agricultural sector offers investors an opportunity to invest in food processing, value addition, mechanisation, distribution and cold chain installations, large-scale poultry farming, floriculture, beef farming targeting export markets, milk and milk products processing and irrigation for production of high value crops.
In the energy sector, opportunities are mainly in power generation with solar being a key focus for the government. High importance is placed on the Solar Home Systems market, driven by the private sector to provide electricity to about 1.2 million households.
Rwanda enjoys a growing off-grid standalone systems market, with about 24 companies supplying Solar Home Systems through both government programmes and independent initiatives.
The country exempts small isolated grids (50kW and below) from licenses.
The mining sector is the second largest export earner in the Rwandan economy. For instance, In 2016, government data shows that the sector generated US$166.5 million, employing over 30,000 people.
Rwanda's main mineral exports are ores processed to extract tin, tantalum and tungsten. It also has some gold and gemstones.
"Exploration works to identify and delineate more mineral deposits are underway and Rwanda possesses a mining law with supporting Ministerial orders and has a mining policy in place," RDB (Rwanda Development Board) notes.
Representative investment opportunities include industrial mining, value addition, partnerships (with local mining companies) and trade in mineral substances.
Investment in the Real Estate sector has grown from US$100 million to over US$600 million in the last 15 years, driven by population growth, a growing middle class, increased diaspora investment in the property market and government investment in infrastructure.
The country has vast opportunities in the real-estate sector – spanning from large commercial property, office space to residential properties.
Rwanda has a high demand for affordable housing to match the needs of the growing middle class in the country.
Opportunities are available for the development of warehousing facilities, commercial complexes, office buildings and shopping malls.
This also necessitates the production of construction material, offering a further investment opportunity.
Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB Group) is among the biggest investors in Rwanda's real-estate sector with a portfolio of about US$115 million. The lender is currently developing four key projects namely: Vision City – the largest real estate project in the country, Century Park, The Residence and Izuba City, which is being developed in partnership with Rwandese developers.
"Investing in Rwanda, you are assured and guaranteed of returns," says Beatrice Chege, Head of Mortgages, KCB Rwanda.
Rwanda has recorded growth in its financial sector with institutions such as banks, micro-finance, savings and credit cooperatives, insurance companies and pension funds thriving.
The country's commodity exchange and capital market is also growing fast.
The banking sector continues to dominate the financial system with 66.9%, followed by pension, insurance and microfinance at 17.1%, 9.7% and 6.3%, respectively.
At least six commodities are traded on the exchange. Investment opportunities include agricultural financing and Small & Medium Enterprises (SME) financing.
The health sector offers opportunities in the manufacturing of health products and equipment, provision of advanced health care services and investment in medical schools.
Rwanda has been keen to expand its infrastructure, mainly – road, rail and air transport.
The country is keen to play its part in the development of the Dar-es-Salaam-Isaka-Kigali railway project, which will connect Kigali (Rwanda) from Isaka to the Tanzanian port of Dar es Salaam.
The project is estimated to cost US$5 billion once completed.
President Paul Kagame's government has also expressed commitment in the development of the Mombasa-Nairobi-Kampala-South Sudan-Kigali Standard Gauge Railway (SGR).
Kenya has already implemented the Mombasa-Nairobi stretch (currently operational), and works on Nairobi towards Western Kenya are underway.
Recently, Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta said SGR Phase 2A from Nairobi to Narok is now 57% complete.
The project, which is part of East Africa's Northern Corridor Integration, is expected to reach the Kenya-Uganda border with Uganda taking the mantle to connect to its neighbours.
Rwanda has fronted investment opportunities in the Mombasa-Kampala-Kigali railway line in her country. The value of the Rwandan section of the project is US$1.5 billion.
It is also open to continued investments in its road transport system, both roads and supporting infrastructure – mainly in the public transport sector.
In the education sector, the country is offering investment opportunities in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), ICT in education and Higher Education and Research.
Kenya is among the top investors in Rwanda, with a consolidated investment of more than US$500 million.
"Kenya as a top Foreign Direct Investor in Rwanda shows Rwanda's trust in Kenya as a neighbour," Kenya's Foreign Affairs Principal Secretary, Ambassador Macharia Kamau, said at a recent event, further noting that the country has been attracting FDI's from companies that would have rather invested in Kenya.
This, however he said was good for regional growth, with Rwanda's growth creating an export market for Kenya.
Rwanda is hence, a force to reckon with in the region as an investment destination and with the current trends within the country, which is a member of the East African Community (EAC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (ECGLC) – the country is arguably destined for greater heights.


text:
Coray Colina is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Florida.

Education
Colina received her BS in 1993 and MS in 1994 at Simón Bolívar University in Venezuela. She earned her PhD at North Carolina State University in 2004 advised by Keith E. Gubbins, and subsequently worked as a Postdoctoral researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Career
Colina was a faculty member Simón Bolívar University, joined Pennsylvania State University in 2007, and moved to University of Florida in 2015.

Colina acted as the chair of the Computational Molecular Science & Engineering Forum (CoMSEF) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) in 2014–2016, after having been a CoMSEF liaison director in 2009–2011. Colina was elected to the board of directors of the Materials Research Society (MRS) in 2019.

Colina is also on the editorial advisory board of ACS Macro Letters, as well as Macromolecules.

Awards and honors
Colina's honors include:
 1999 Award for Outstanding Teaching Achievement (Simón Bolívar University)
 2019 Cooperative Research Award in Applied Polymer Science

Selected works
 Frank T. Willmore, Eric Jankowski, Coray Colina, "Introduction to Scientific and Technical Computing", CRC Press, 2016
 Silvia Siquier, Coray Colina, "Aprendiendo termodinámica", Editorial Equinoccio, Colección Paraninfo, 2017
 Coray M. Colina, et al., "Python Simulation Interface for Molecular Modeling"
 Coray Colina, et al., "Force Field Database"

References

External links

University of Florida faculty
North Carolina State University alumni
Simón Bolívar University (Venezuela) alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Fragrant Ceropegia is a critically endangered species, found only in a few places in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. It can only be found in areas which are almost or completely inaccessible for humans, there it climbs through the surrounding vegetation. The flowers are of a light colour in the lower part, sometimes a bit beige or pinkish, the united petals are yellow as corn. Fragrant Ceropegia is probably the only Ceropegia, whose flowers have a strong fragrance, hence the species name odorata. The flowers bloom only for some days and exhale a very strong jasmine scent. In Gujarat this species is called Jeemikanda. The Pawara- resp. Pawra tribe, which lives in the Nandurbar District, calles the species by the name Sulatya Kand (Pawari or Pawri) and knows many possible uses for the several parts of this plant. The leaves are chewed to cure stomach pains, the juice from the tubers is used as eye medicine. Furthermore the tubers are eaten as vegetable.


text:
Leftovers Foundation
3 Centres
323 Volunteers & Staff
470,000 meals provided
How This Foundation Uses Tech to Halt Food Waste and Feed the Hungry
When COVID hit and many people lost their jobs, food insecurity became an even bigger problem in Canada than it was before. The Leftovers Foundation, a tech-enabled non-profit at the intersection of food rescue and food access, saw the impact firsthand and rose to the challenge to help feed people in need.
The organization, which connects those who have food to donate and those who need food, has centres in Calgary, Edmonton, and Winnipeg, as well as pilot projects in Hinton and Airdrie. "We're like the Uber Eats of food rescues," says interim CEO Audra Stevenson. The foundation uses technology to create the most efficient connection points for volunteers and donors—restaurants and grocery stores can log food ready for pick-up, and volunteers can sign up to grab and deliver the donation where it's needed.
Everything they do is about community and collaboration—their app was even developed by a team of high school students as part of a mentorship program to teach young girls to code. "We really found our stride in implementing our app and that's just one piece of how tech can make your business better," says Audra. Because technology is a bedrock of the organization, Leftovers was in need of connections they could trust. That's why, when the Calgary division moved to a new warehouse space in December, they switched to Shaw Business. "We knew we wanted to go with a bigger, more reliable team," she says. "It makes everything more streamlined, and reliability is part of our brand promise."
Another way they streamlined their processes is by selecting the SmartWiFi PRO Bundle, giving the organization access to everything they need to see their foundation thrive. Reliable WiFi is a major part of that efficiency, especially when it comes to organizing pickups at their warehouse.
Having voicemail-to-email was the easiest way to coordinate volunteers and staff. It helped us get packages where they needed to go.
Audra Stevenson, Interim CEO of Leftovers Foundation
Every Wednesday, nonprofits can sign up to "shop the warehouse," with one Leftovers coordinator handling the scheduling on site. The program serves up to 50 service agencies in one afternoon, each with their own timeslot. "Without that reliable WiFi, we wouldn't be able to communicate with our partners efficiently, we wouldn't have efficient sign-up, there would be miscommunication between when to show up and where," says Audra. Wasted time leads to wasted food—the antithesis of what the organization strives to achieve.
Another aspect of the PRO Bundle is Cyber Protect, which Leftovers uses to ensure the data of their donors and volunteers is safe. "We collect information from food donors, service agencies, and volunteers," says Audra. "We have a high standard for ensuring everyone's privacy is protected." LTE Backup provides that same peace of mind, ensuring their systems never go down.
They also added SmartVoice to their bundle, which proved to be pivotal during times when people needed them the most. "During the height of COVID we were running a fresh food hamper program delivered to people's doorsteps that required a high level of monitoring, communication, and making sure packages were getting to the right places," says Audra. "Having voicemail-to-email was the easiest way to coordinate volunteers and staff. It helped us get packages where they needed to go."
With just 23 staffers and over 300 volunteers across locations, reliable bundled services save precious time for the small team. "We don't have a full financial team, so when processing payments, having one bill to deal with saves us a lot of administrative work when we're already strapped for resources and time," says Audra.
Since switching to Shaw Business in their new headquarters, Audra and her team are dreaming big about what kind of space they can provide for their community in the future. "Our dream for it is to become a nonprofit social impact food space," says Audra. One where they can provide free meals, affordable groceries, with Shaw Business WiFi for anyone who needs it.
For now, they're focused on the very important work of making sure that food doesn't go to waste and people don't go hungry. "If you have a half hour in your day, you can do a food delivery," says Audra.
"It's a really easy accessible way to have an impact because you're literally delivering food into the hands of people who need it."
SmartWiFi PRO Bundle
Find more Smart Partners


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Letter, Washington, D.C., to Colonel [Pendleton] Hogan, Washington, D.C., 1947 December 1.
Leahy writes re: "Last chance in China" by Freda Utley.
Utley, Freda, -- 1898- -- Last chance in china.
Add tags for "Letter, Washington, D.C., to Colonel [Pendleton] Hogan, Washington, D.C., 1947 December 1.". Be the first.


text:
Office of the Spokesperson for the UN Secretary-General
Readouts
Remarks by SG's Team
Secretary-General's Daily Schedule
Deputy Secretary-General's Daily Schedule
About the Office of the Spokesperson
Procedures for Scheduling Press Conferences
Noon Briefing Transcripts
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NOON BRIEFING BY STEPHANE DUJARRIC
SPOKESPERSON FOR SECRETARY-GENERAL ANTÓNIO GUTERRES
SECRETARY-GENERAL VIRTUAL VISIT TO UNITED KINGDOM
The Secretary-General is wrapping up his first virtual visit to the United Kingdom today.
In a few minutes, he will be meeting with Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales. The meeting is expected to focus on the issue of climate change.
This morning, the Secretary-General also had bilateral meetings with Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon, Minister of State at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, as well as with the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Reverend Justin Welby, who is also a member of the SG's High-Level Advisory Board on Mediation.
And, yesterday, during their meeting, the Secretary-General thanked Prime Minister Boris Johnson for his country's support to the United Nations, as well as for the UK's political and financial leadership in the fight against the pandemic.
Earlier this week, the lawn situated at the front of Queen Elizabeth II Centre, in Westminster, was renamed United Nations Green in commemoration of the 75th anniversary.
This morning, the Security Council held a ministerial-level meeting to mark the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Counter-terrorism Committee, established through resolution 1373.
Vladimir Voronkov, the head of the Counter-terrorism office, began his remarks by noting how quickly the Security Council acted to establish the committee in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks in 2001.
Throughout the last two decades, he said, the threat of terrorism has persisted, evolved and spread, causing unspeakable human suffering and loss. Over the years, he added, the Council has provided critical impetus and guidance for Member States, which has led to important successes, helping Member States to bring terrorists to justice and disrupt additional attacks.
Mr. Voronkov said the Security Council's leadership remains critical to ensure a unified front against terrorism, adding it is essential to reinvigorate international counter-terrorism cooperation during and after the pandemic, with a focus on emerging threats and challenges.
Also speaking at this session was Michèle Coninsx, the Executive Director of the Counter Terrorism Executive Directorate. She said that the COVID-19 pandemic has further complicated an already challenging threat landscape.
She added we must ensure that future counter-terrorism policies respect the rule of law and are both human rights-compliant and gender sensitive.
The U.N. continues to be extremely concerned about the potential impact of the US designation of the Houthis as a foreign terrorist organization on the humanitarian situation in Yemen – particularly on the risk of famine.
Yemen remains the world's worst humanitarian crisis.  Nearly 80 per cent of the population - more than 24 million people - require some form of humanitarian assistance and protection. The situation on the ground continues to worsen as 50,000 Yemenis are already living in famine-like conditions with five million more just one step away.
Preventing famine remains the top priority right now. To do so, we need to increase humanitarian funding, support the economy, and push for an end to the violence.
By the end of 2020, Yemen's 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan had only received 50 per cent of the $3.38 billion needed for the aid operations, meaning they only received $1.7 billion of the $3.38 billion needed. That's less than half of what had been received in 2019.
The Libyan Political Dialogue Forum's Advisory Committee will be meeting this week at the Palais des Nations in Geneva, from the 13th to the 16th of January.
The Committee was recently established to discuss outstanding issues related to the selection mechanism of a unified executive and to put forward concrete and practical recommendations upon which the Political Dialogue Forum's plenary shall decide.
The 18 members of the Committee represent a broad geographical and political diversity and includes the participation of women, youth and cultural components.
The first meeting will begin tomorrow morning with opening remarks by the Acting Special Representative, Stephanie Williams.
In South Sudan, the latest report on children and armed conflict found that there has been a significant decrease in violations against children since the peace agreement was signed in 2018.
However, the report says that grave violations continue to be committed against children by all parties to the conflict.
The UN has verified more than 700 grave violations against children across South Sudan, with the Central Equatoria state being the most impacted region. The majority of violations are attributed to the Sudan People's Liberation Army-in-Opposition, the SPLA-iO and Government security forces, including the South Sudan People's Defence Forces.
The World Food Programme is warning that three years of consecutive drought in Madagascar, coupled with a sharp recession triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, will leave a third of the population in Madagascar's south struggling to put food on the table.
Some 1.35 million people – or 35 per cent of the region's population – are projected to be food insecure. This is nearly double the number of people in the same period last year.
WFP currently provides food assistance to nearly half a million severely food-insecure people in the nine hardest hit districts in Southern Madagascar. By June of this year, the agency intends to scale up its assistance to reach almost 900,000 of the most vulnerable people.
WFP urgently needs $35 million.
EBOLA VACCINE STOCKPILE
Today, WHO, UNICEF, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) announced the establishment of a global Ebola vaccine stockpile.
This will allow countries, with the support of humanitarian organizations, to contain future Ebola epidemics by ensuring timely access to vaccines for populations at risk [during] outbreaks.
Ebola vaccines have made one of the most feared diseases on earth preventable, Dr. Tedros, the head of WHO said.
The effort to establish the stockpile was led by the International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Vaccine Provision, also with financial support from Gavi, which is the Vaccine Alliance. UNICEF will manage the stockpile, stored in Switzerland and ready to be shipped for emergency use.
UNICEF today said that as COVID-19 cases continue to soar around the world, no effort should be spared to keep schools open or prioritize them in reopening plans. The number of out-of-school children is set to increase by 24 million, to a level we have not yet seen in years and have fought so hard to overcome.
UNICEF said that too many countries have opted to keep schools closed, some for nearly a year, despite evidence that schools are not a driver of the pandemic.
E.g., 17 January 2021
Office of the Spokesperson
for the UN Secretary-General
United Nations, S-233
(PRESS INQUIRIES ONLY) Tel. 212-963-7162
(ALL OTHER INQUIRIES) Tel. 212-963-1234


The Area 3 traffic management team recently provided support which allowed a children's parade to be reinstated at the Marlow Carnival after 10 years absence. The TM enabled a procession of 300 school children to travel in safety through the town centre of Marlow which is just off the A404.
There was a large element of planning and customer liaison involved for this type of day-time closure and all involved were exceptional, from design, planning, through to delivery on the day. The team not only delivered but did an outstanding job.
Lindsay Robinson, part of the organisation team for the Carnival stated: "There were around 300 children in attendance with parents too and the crowds that came out to watch and support were beyond anything we had imagined. Without your incredible support this would have been very, very difficult to manage. There were many comments from within the community about the professionalism and seamlessness of the road closure. I am sincerely grateful and on behalf of the Marlow Community Association I would like to express my thanks."


text:
Q: What is the best practice: Use prototype bean instead of new () operator I am trying to understand what would be the correct usage of Spring prototype bean.
    May be the following code sample will help in you understanding my dilemma:
List<ClassA> caList = new ArrayList<ClassA>();
    for (String name : nameList) {
        ClassA ca = new ClassA();

    //or Shall I use protypebean, using method lookup I can inject the dependency of ClassA.
    // ClassA ca = getPrototypeClassA();

        ca.setName(name);
        caList.add(ca);
    }

So my exact point is in this scenario shall I go with method injection or new() operator.
    Provide your view with justification.

A: You can make use of either of the ways, because ultimately client code is responsible for handling the life-cycle of the prototype bean rather than spring container.
According to Spring-docs,

In some respects, you can think of the Spring containers role when
  talking about a prototype-scoped bean as somewhat of a replacement for
  the Java 'new' operator. All lifecycle aspects past that point have to
  be handled by the client.
Spring does not manage the complete lifecycle of a prototype bean: the
  container instantiates, configures, decorates and otherwise assembles
  a prototype object, hands it to the client and then has no further
  knowledge of that prototype instance.  It is the responsibility of the
  client code to clean up prototype scoped objects and release any
  expensive resources that the prototype bean(s) are holding onto.

A: If ClassA needs to have @Autowired references, then go for a prototype bean.
Otherwise a simple POJO (that the Spring container is unaware of) will do.

A: It seems that your instance need some runtime values in order to initialise properly. In such case ,it depends on if you need to use spring feature such as AOP for the ClassA instance. If yes , go with the method injection .If not , you can consider using factory pattern . Much more OO and cleaner to me :
Something like the following . You should get the idea.
@Component
public class FactoryForClassA {

    @Autowired
    private FooBean someDependencyForClassA;

    public ClassA create(String name){
        ClassA a = new ClassA(someDependencyForClassA);
        a.setName(name);
        return a;
    }
}

And the client code:
@Autowired
private FactoryForClassA factoryForClassA;

List<ClassA> caList = new ArrayList<ClassA>();
for (String name : nameList) {
    ClassA a = factoryForClassA.create(name);
    caList.add(ca);
}


text:
Online casinos, also known as virtual casinos or Internet casinos, are online versions of traditional ("brick and mortar") casinos. Online casinos enable gamblers to play and wager on casino games through the Internet. It is a prolific form of online gambling.

Some online casinos claim higher payback percentages for slot machine games, and some publish payout percentage audits on their websites. Assuming that the online casino is using an appropriately programmed random number generator, table games like blackjack have an established house edge. The payout percentage for these games are established by the rules of the game.

Types
Online casinos are broadly divided into two categories based on the software they use: web-based and download-only casinos. Traditionally, online casinos would include only one of the two platforms. However, with advanced technological changes, an online casino can now accommodate both.

Web-based
Web-based online casinos (also known as no-download casinos) are websites where users may play casino games without downloading software to their local computer. A stable internet connection is required to have a seamless gaming experience as all graphics, sounds, and animations are loaded through the web. Most online casinos allow gameplay through an HTML interface, previously this was done through browser plugins, such as Flash Player, Shockwave Player, or Java.

Download-based
Download-based online casinos require the download of the software client in order to play and wager on the casino games offered. The online casino software connects to the casino service provider and handles contact without browser support. Download-based online casinos generally run faster than web-based online casinos since the graphics and sound programs are cached by the software client, rather than having to be loaded from the Internet. On the other hand, the initial download and installation of the casino's software take time. As with any download from the Internet, the risk of the program containing malware exists, which makes it less popular among skeptical casino players.

Games

Virtual
Also known as software-based online casino games, the outcome of these games is determined using a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) software. This software ensures that every deal of the card, the outcome of a dice throw, or the results produced by the spinning of a slot machine or roulette wheel is totally random and unpredictable. PRNGs use a set of mathematical instructions known as an algorithm to generate a long stream of numbers that give the impression of true randomness. While this is not the same as true random number generation (computers are incapable of this without an external input source), it provides results that satisfy all but the most stringent requirements for true randomness.

When implemented correctly, a PRNG algorithm such as the Mersenne Twister will ensure that the games are both fair and unpredictable. However, usually, the player has to trust that the software has not been rigged to increase the house edge, as its inner workings are invisible to the user. Properly regulated online casinos are audited externally by independent regulators to ensure that their win percentages are in line with the stated odds, and this can provide a degree of assurance to the player that the games are fair, assuming the player trusts the regulator.

Live dealer
Live dealer casino games are the complete opposite of software-based games. Instead of depending on software to determine the outcome of the roulette spin, dice throw, or deal of a card, these games depend on real-time results. This is possible as the games are streamed in real-time from a land-based casino or a studio recreated to mimic a land-based casino.

To ensure that players have an easy time playing these games and that the land-based environment is fully recreated, software developers include innovative features such as the chat feature. This enables the player to type your message to the dealer and they can respond back verbally. The live chat feature can also be used to communicate with other players seated at the table following a set of rules laid down by the casino.

The results of the physical transactions by the dealer, such as the outcome of the roulette wheel spin or the dealing of cards, are translated into data that can be utilized by the software by means of optical character recognition (OCR) technology. This enables the player to interact with the game in much the same way as they would with a virtual casino game, except for the fact that the results are determined by real-life actions rather than automated processes.

These games are a lot more expensive for websites to host than virtual games, as they involve a heavier investment in technology and staffing. A live casino studio typically employs one or more cameramen, several croupiers running the various games, an information technology manager to ensure that any technical hitches are dealt with swiftly, and a pit boss that acts as an adjudicator in case of disputes between players and croupiers.

In most cases, this requires at least a three-room setup, comprising a live studio, a server/software room, and an analyst's room. The configuration of these rooms varies from casino to casino, with some having several gaming tables in one room, and some having a single table in each room.

The high running costs involved with operating live dealer games is the reason why online casinos only tend to offer a handful of the most popular games in this format, such as roulette, blackjack, sic bo, and  baccarat. In comparison, the running costs associated with virtual games are very low, and it is not uncommon for online casinos to offer hundreds of different virtual casino games to players on their site.

Online casinos vary in their approach to the hosting of live games, with some providing live games via their own television channel, and others offering the games exclusively via their website. In the case of televised games, players can often use their mobile phone or television remote controls to place bets instead of doing so via a computer connected to the internet. The most common live dealer games offered at online casinos are baccarat, blackjack, and roulette.

Examples
A typical selection of gambling games offered at an online casino might include:

Baccarat
Blackjack
Craps
Roulette
Sic bo
Slot machines
Poker
Keno
Bingo

Bonuses
Many online casinos offer sign-up bonuses to new players making their first deposit, and often on subsequent play as well. These bonuses are a form of marketing that may incur a cost (potentially justifiable in order to attract a new player who may return and deposit many more times), since the casino is essentially giving away money in return for a commitment from the player to wager a certain minimum amount before they are allowed to withdraw. Since all casino games have a house edge, the wagering requirements ensure that the player cannot simply walk away with the casino's money immediately after claiming the bonus. These wagering requirements are commonly set to be sufficiently high that the player has a negative expectation, exactly as if they had deposited and not claimed a bonus.

Casinos may choose to restrict certain games from fulfilling the wagering requirements, either to restrict players from playing low-edge games or to restrict 'risk-free' play (betting for instance both red and black on roulette), thereby completing the wagering requirement with a guaranteed profit after the bonus is taken into account.

Welcome
The Welcome bonus is a deposit match bonus on the first deposit ever made in the casino or casino group. Welcome bonuses sometimes come in packages and may be given to match the first two or three deposits (First Deposit Welcome Bonus, Second Deposit Welcome Bonus, etc.). They can also be tied to specific games, such as the Welcome Slots Bonus or the Welcome Table Games Bonus. The casino may also offer Welcome bonuses for high rollers who make an initial deposit above the standard amount limit.

Referral
There are two types of Referral bonuses: one for the Referee and one for the Referrer. The Referee gets a bonus when he or she registers an account at the casino and mentions the Referrer. The Referrer gets a bonus when the Referee completes all the requirements, such as making the deposit and wagering it a certain number of times.

Cashback or insurance
Cashback or Insurance bonuses are offered as a percentage of all losses in the player's previous gaming activity. Typically, only deposits that were not matched with bonuses count towards this bonus. You can additionally find websites that offer casino cashback payments based on your losses encountered while playing with one or more online casinos. Those types of cashback deals are usually paid back to players by the casino portal that offers those special cashback offers.

No-deposit
The most popular form of bonus is one that can be claimed without the need to deposit any of the player's own money - known as a no deposit bonus. These bonuses are used as acquisition tools by casinos wishing to attract new players. No deposit bonuses don't always take the form of real cash, as exemplified below.

Non-cashable
Non-cashable bonuses may be called "sticky" or "phantom" bonuses. In both cases, the bonus forms a part of the player's balance, but cannot be cashed out. The difference between cash-able and phantom bonuses comes at cashout time. A phantom bonus is deducted from the player's balance at the moment he places his withdrawal request. For example: if you deposited $100, received $100, played, and finished the wagering at $150. If the bonus is sticky, the player will be able to withdraw just $50. If the bonus is cash-able, then the whole balance is available for withdrawal.

Comp points

Comps are commonly available at land-based casinos, but also exist online. Comp points can usually be exchanged for cash, prizes, or other comps. The amount of cash given per wager is usually very small and often varies with game selection.  A casino might offer three comp points for each $10 wagered on slots and one comp point for each $10 wagered on blackjack.  The casino might give $1 for each 100 comp points.  This example is equivalent to returning 0.3% of wagers on slots and 0.1% of wagers on blackjack. In addition, online casinos may offer comps such as free tickets to online tournaments, free slots online, tickets to other special events, extra bonuses, souvenirs, and payback.

Hunting
Bonus hunting (also known as bonus bagging or bonus whoring) is a type of advantage gambling where turning a profit from casino, sportsbook and poker room bonus situations is mathematically possible. For example, the house edge in blackjack is roughly 0.5%. If a player is offered a $100 cashable bonus requiring $5000 in wagering on blackjack with a house edge of 0.5%, the expected loss is $25. Therefore, the player has an expected gain of $75 after claiming the $100 bonus.

Disputes
A large portion of online casino disputes relates to bonuses. Casinos may label players who win using bonuses as "bonus abusers."  Both players and casinos may commit fraud.  An example of player fraud is creating multiple accounts and using the accounts to claim a sign-up bonus several times.  An example of casino fraud is changing terms of a bonus after a player has completed the wagering requirements, then requiring the player to meet the new bonus terms.

Legality
Online gambling legislation often has loopholes that result from the rapid development of the technology underpinning the development of the industry. Some countries, including Belgium, Canada, Finland, and Sweden have state gambling monopolies and do not grant licenses to foreign casino operators. According to their law, operators licensed on the territory of these countries can only be considered legal. At the same time, they can't prosecute foreign casino operators and only block their sites. Players in these countries can't be punished and can gamble at any site they can access.

Australia
The Australian Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (IGA) criminalizes the supply of online casino games by an operator anywhere in the world to persons located in Australia. It only targets operators of online gambling sites, resulting in the curious situation that it is not illegal for a player in Australia to access and gamble at an online casino. No operator has even been charged with an offense under the IGA and many online casinos accept Australian customers. In June 2016, the South Australian Government became the first state or territory in the world to introduce a 15% Place Of Consumption Tax (POCT) modeled on the 2014 UK POCT.

Belgium
The Belgian Gaming Act went into effect in January 2011 and allows online gambling, but only under very strict conditions and surveillance.

Canada
The Canadian criminal code states that only provincial governments and charitable organizations licensed by provincial governments may operate a casino in Canada. It also prohibits residents from participating in any lottery scheme, the game of chance, or gambling activity not licensed or operated by a provincial government. In 2010, the British Columbia Lottery Corporation launched Canada's first legal online casino, PlayNow, which is available to residents of British Columbia, and later expanded to Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The province of Quebec operates the similar Espacejeux via Loto-Québec, while Ontario operates PlayOLG via Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation (OLG).

The Kahnawake First Nation in Quebec has operated its own gaming commission since 1996 under the Kahnawake Gaming Law. It has asserted jurisdiction to enact the law as part of Mohawk or "aboriginal rights" that have existed since time immemorial, most recently recognized and affirmed in subsection 35(1) of Canada's Constitution Act, 1982. As of 2010, it had licensed and hosted nearly 350 gambling websites, and its activities had never been challenged under the laws of Canada or any other jurisdiction.

Germany
A German state contract about gambling (German: ) between all 16 German states was ratified in 2008 and has been adopted in 2012. It regulates restrictive handling of online-gambling, including a basic state monopoly on public gambling with limited exceptions for a few commercial providers. Online gambling, and other forms of public gambling, against these regulations is illegal in Germany. The state contract, its implementation in contrast to the more lenient EU legislation, and possible further changes have been controversially discussed in the public, politics, and courts.

India
Online gambling is illegal in the state of Maharashtra under the "Bombay Wager Act". The most recent law to address gambling online was the Federal Information Technology Rules where such illegal activities may be blocked by Internet providers within India. Another act is the Public Gaming Act of 1867. However, the Act makes no specific mention of "online casinos." States tend to operate on their own authority. Online casinos active in India are run by international operators.

Online gambling legal issues in India are complicated in nature as Gambling in India is regulated by different states laws and online gambling is a central subject. To ascertain the position of Indian government, the Supreme Court of India sought the opinion of central government in this regard but the same was declined by the central government. This has made playing of online cards games like rummy, poker, etc. legally risky.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the Gambling Act 2005 governs all matters of online gambling, permitting online betting sites to have a Remote Gambling Licence in order to offer online betting to UK citizens. In 2014, the UK government put into law the Gambling Act of 2014 which in addition to the original 2005 law, required offshore online gambling operators catering to UK players to obtain a UK license. The new regulation required operators to pay a 15% Place of Consumption Tax (POCT), something that triggered an exodus of sorts of some operators from the UK Isles. However, this exodus did not last long in most cases as the benefits outweighed the stumbling blocks, due to the UK being a major market for online gambling.

In 2019 the United Kingdom Gambling Commission (UKGC) announced a series of new measures that apply to online and mobile casinos to reduce underage gambling with the aim of increasing fairness and transparency. The new measures will require casinos to have users verify their identity and age in order to gamble.

United States
In the United States, the legality of online gambling is debated and can vary from state to state. The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (UIGEA) limits the ability of banks and payment processors to transact with internet gambling sites that are unlawful under any federal or state law. However, it does not define the legality or otherwise of an internet-based gambling site. It was commonly assumed that the Federal Wire Act prohibited all forms of online gambling. However, in December 2011, the United States Department of Justice released a statement clarifying that the Wire Act applied only to sports betting sites and not to online casinos, poker, or lottery sites, leaving the definition of legality up to individual states. Certain states such as Nevada, Delaware, and New Jersey have started the process of legalizing and regulating online gambling and it is expected that regulation will continue on a state by state basis.

See also
Problem gambling
eCOGRA
Online gambling

Notes

Casinos
Casino


text:
Familiar Faces Are Heading to Broadway Market
Mondo Mini, Misaki, Miette et Chocolat, and Little Noodle Pasta Co. will all have stalls in the forthcoming food hall.
Chloe Barrett November 20, 2018
Misaki's Stanley Market location. Photo courtesy of Charlene Thai
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Sushi, cheese boards, and chocolate may rarely be craved in unison, but having the option of several types of food in one place is exactly what has made food halls such a popular Denver dining trend. The impending Broadway Market has diversified its roster with its latest announcement of future vendors: Mondo Mini, Misaki, and Miette et Chocolat.
If those names sound familiar, that's because they are—all three are already vendors at Aurora's Stanley Marketplace (and Mondo Market also has a location at the Source). "It just seemed like a no-brainer to be able to take the best of what we've learned over the last five years and apply that to Broadway," says Mondo Market owner Nicolas Farrell. At 200 square feet, Mondo Mini will be a miniature version of the Mondo Market locations at the Source and Stanley Marketplace. The tiny eatery will forgo selling market items—such as olive oil and spices—as the other two locations do in order to focus on a curated selection of sandwiches, salads, soups, and cheese and charcuterie boards. "It's going to be as good as high-end restaurant food," Farrell says. "We're just going to drill it down to a fine-casual atmosphere."
For Misaki head chef Jesus Silva, going into the Broadway Market was an easy call. "Mark [Shaker, founder of Stanley Marketplace and a member of Eclectic Collective group that's developing Broadway Market] has already proved his abilities with Stanley Marketplace," Silva says. "We wanted to be apart of another of his successes, but this location will be different." While this Misaki location will still offer sushi and other classic Japanese dishes, it will also feature a raw bar with sashimi, ceviche, and oysters.
As at its Aurora location, Miette et Chocolat will bring dose of sweetness with its high-end chocolate confections and other sugary snacks. These additions join Mother Tongue, Biju's Little Curry Shop, Pizzeria Coperta, and other soon-to-be-announced stalls in the 15,000 square-foot food hall, which is slated for a January 2019 opening.
Bonus: Farrell revealed that he's working on a second stall for Broadway Market—a stand-alone outpost of the Little Noodle pasta shop. "Little Noodle [Pasta Co.] has been incubating inside Mondo Market [at Stanley Marketplace] but it's going to come alive as its own brand and entity inside Broadway," Farrell says. Look for more details on that in the coming weeks when the team is ready to make an official announcement.
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