Normal probability plots for both sample groups show that the data appears to be very close to being normally distributed. The actual sample data (red) matches very closely the data values of the sample were perfectly normally distributed (blue) and never goes beyond the 95 percent confidence interval boundaries (green).
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test is a hypothesis test that is widely used to determine whether a data sample is normally distributed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test calculates the distance between the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of each data point and what the CDF of that data point would be if the sample were perfectly normally distributed. The Null Hypothesis of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test states that the distribution of actual data points matches the distribution that is being tested. In this case the data sample is being compared to the normal distribution.
The Null Hypothesis for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality, which states that the sample data are normally distributed, is rejected only if the maximum difference between the expected and actual CDF of any of the data points exceed the Critical Value for the given n and α. That is not the case here.
The Max Difference Between the Actual and Expected CDF for Variable 1 (0.0885) and for Variable 2 (0.1007) are significantly less than the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Critical Value for n = 20 (0.29) and for n = 15 (0.34) at α = 0.05 so the Null Hypotheses of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test of each of the two sample groups is accepted.
The Anderson-Darling Test is a hypothesis test that is widely used to determine whether a data sample is normally distributed. The Anderson-Darling Test calculates a test statistic based upon the actual value of each data point and the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of each data point if the sample were perfectly normally distributed.
The Null Hypothesis for the Anderson-Darling Test for Normality, which states that the sample data are normally distributed, is rejected if the Adjusted Test Statistic (A*) exceeds the Critical Value for the given n and α.
The Adjusted Test Statistic (A*) for Variable 1 (0.174) and for Variable 2 (0.227) are significantly less than the Anderson-Darling Critical Value for α = 0.05 so the Null Hypotheses of the Anderson-Darling Test for each of the two sample groups is accepted.
Test Statistic W (0. 972027) is larger than W Critical 0.887. The Null Hypothesis therefore cannot be rejected. There is not enough evidence to state that the data are not normally distributed with a confidence level of 95 percent.
Test Statistic W (0. 971481) is larger than W Critical 0.892. The Null Hypothesis therefore cannot be rejected. There is not enough evidence to state that the data are not normally distributed with a confidence level of 95 percent.
– Too many outliers can easily skew normally-distributed data. An outlier can oftwenty be removed if a specific cause of its extreme value can be identified. Some outliers are expected in normally-distributed data.
– If only a subset of data from an entire process is being used, a representative sample in not being collected. Normally-distributed results would not appear normally distributed if a representative sample of the entire process is not collected.
The Mann-Whitney U Test is performed on the data in this example in a blog article following this one. Nonparametric tests are generally less powerful (less able to detect a difference) than parametric tests. The parametric two-independent sample, one-tailed t-Test performed here does detect a difference at alpha = 0.05. the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test conducted at the end of this section on the same data did not detect a difference at alpha = 0.05.


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Methadone Clinic Lincoln County, WA
Methadone Clinics in Washington
Methadone Clinic in Lincoln County, WA
Here are the best methadone clinics in Lincoln County, WA. Get immediate methadone treatment in Lincoln County from a local and trusted Methadone clinic. Find medication-assisted treatment options in Lincoln County, Washington from one of the treatment centers below.
Lincoln County Alcohol/drug Center
Lincoln County Alcohol/drug Center is a methadone clinic in Lincoln County, WA. It is located at 505 1st Street, 99122 zip. Lincoln County Alcohol/drug Center provides intensive outpatient treatment, outpatient methadone/buprenorphine or naltrexone treatment and regular outpatient treatment. Other than methadone treatment, Lincoln County Alcohol/drug Center offers hepatitis education, counseling and support, family counseling and HIV and AIDS education, support and counseling. Lincoln County Alcohol/drug Center provides medication-assisted treatment to men and women.
FAQs for a Methadone Clinic in Lincoln County, WA:
What is the difference between suboxone and methadone treatment in Lincoln County?
Treatment at a suboxone clinic in Lincoln County is often similar to the treatment received at a methadone clinic. Both of the medication assisted treatment options work by reducing narcotic and opioid cravings for those who are addicted. A big difference between suboxone and methadone is that suboxone can be prescribed by doctors, while methadone treatment needs to be received at a clinic.
What other services are available at methadone clinics in Lincoln County?
Services such as intervention, counseling, relapse prevention, behavior therapy and other support services are commonly found in methadone clinics throughout Washington. A methadone clinic may be part of a larger addiction treatment center, and as such, may have all of the services found in Lincoln County drug rehabs.
Each methadone clinic in Lincoln County has its own policy about what patients they will take. However, most clinics will accept both walk-ins and those who have made a previous appointment. It is usually a good idea to call ahead of time just to confirm availability.
Is methadone treatment in Lincoln County always done on a residential basis?
The short answer is no. Methadone treatment services in Lincoln County are available both in residential format, also known as inpatient, as well as outpatient format. Having both options allows addicted individuals to choose whether inpatient or outpatient clinical treatment will work better for their lifestyle.
What medication assisted treatment options are available in Lincoln County?
There are a total of 3 medication assisted therapies that can be received in Lincoln County: methadone, buprenorphine (Suboxone) and Naltrexone. All three are approved by the FDA for drug addiction treatment. Methadone is the one that is most commonly used in addiction clinics.
Methadone Clinics Near Lincoln County, WA
Methadone Clinic in Hoquiam, WA
Methadone Clinic in Wenatchee, WA
Methadone Clinic in Kirkland, WA
Methadone Clinic in Mossyrock, WA
Methadone Clinic in Chehalis, WA
Methadone Clinic in Renton, WA
Methadone Clinic in Castle Rock, WA
Methadone Clinic in Moses Lake, WA
Methadone Clinic in Ellensburg, WA
Methadone Clinic in Davenport, WA
Find the best methadone clinic in Lincoln County, WA near you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Back for another year, the 2019 South Island School Office Administrators' Conference is set to be great!
CES has specially chosen these workshop topics for the purpose of developing your skills and learning new work processes to help make your life easier!
Attend workshops on using Mircosoft and Google products effectively, dealing with tricky people, improving your payroll systems, and many more!
Listen to workshops run by industry experts in their respective fields, all wanting to help you get the most out of their workshops.
With speakers from Microsoft, Google, e-Learning specialists, Ministry of Education, Oranga Tamariki and others, you'll be spoilt for choice!
We all know that networking is one of the best ways to meet new people and exchange ideas and solutions. There will be plenty of opportunities to build your connections at the Conference, and we encourage you to do so!
So, what are you waiting for? Get in contact with CES to secure your spot at this year's Conference.
Next PostLower North Island School Office Administrators' Conference.


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India, Japan sign nuclear cooperation agreement
India and Japan have signed a nuclear cooperation agreement. Welcoming the move, Mr Narendra Modi and Mr Shinzo Abe, the prime ministers of India and Japan, said the agreement reflects a new level of mutual confidence and strategic partnership for clean energy, economic development and a peaceful and secure world.
In a joint statement, the two prime ministers also reaffirmed their commitment to work together for India to become a full member of the international Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), as well as of the Wassenaar Arrangement and the Australia Group with the aim of strengthening international non-proliferation efforts.
Mr Modi reiterated that signing of the Agreement for Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy marked a historic step in engagement to build a clean energy partnership, and that the cooperation would help combat the challenge of climate change.
Agreement for Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
Nuclear cooperation agreement
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
Wassenaar Arrangement
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FTDNA: question for all the genetics whizzkids!
FTDNA Y-DNA Advanced SNP test results relevant to R-P312/R-S116.
How long to wait for FTDNA?
Did you meet any your FF/FTDNA ?th Cousin face to face after match?
How much I cost to be tested at Family Tree DNA?
FTDNA results for my grandfather, cousin, and sister: are they serious?!
Exciting News for Y-DNA Haplogroup N - 118 SNPs downstream of M231 for only $99!
Is it worth doing the raw data transfer from 23andme to FTDNA?
How long till raw data available to download?
Building my tree on 23andme, Testing relatives.
When will myOrigins v2.0 be released?
Is it worth retesting with FTDNA?
How long take the kit to come?
Post your OLD 'Population Finder' v1 results!
How did YOU mail off your swab sample to FTDNA?
Any Balkanites who can beat my European score on FTDNA?
How long did it take to process your FTDNA kit?
myOrigins v2.0 reference populations list?
FTDNA - how to check the results of searching?
My ethnic Saudi Arab friend results.
Korean girl got Paternal South East Asian & Maternal Siberian/Far East Russian Ancestry!
Is this a family finder bug?
Does anybody knows how to upload 23andme results since last update?
CommonSense's FTDNA results are in!!
Mr.G FTDNA why Middle Eastern?
Which test for more specificity of Y Haplogroup?
Is it worth buying a mtDNA test?


For years, The Tasting Room Uptown Park, in this charming European-style shopping village has been the go-to for wine lovers. The sprawling interior and spacious patio offers plenty of elbow room for sharing a cheese plate or full meal after shopping at one of the adjacent high-end boutiques. Read more.


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In 60 Seconds ›
What is the best product Amazon released this week? ›
What is the best product Amazon released this week?
Amazon releases galore. Alexa what are you most excited for?
This week Amazon announced all kinds of products including products that put Alexa in your ears, on your eyes, you can have rings, and all sorts of other products. So, all over the place. What am I most excited for? I like the competition in headphones, so I suppose, Alexa in your ears. I feel like headphones have been improving quite a bit, kind of quietly. So that's good.
Will people really walk around and talk to Alexa all day?
Of course they will. They talk to their phones. Fundamentally the problem for Amazon is they don't have a phone. And so they're trying to get gadgets on the rest of your body. We walk around all day talking to our phones so we might talk to these gadgets.
Should I be concerned Amazon has ears everywhere?
Of course you should be concerned. Even if Amazon was a company that had always prioritized privacy, and it was really baked into the Amazon DNA, you should be worried. And that's not the case. Amazon has never been that strong on privacy. So yes, worry. But if you love the products use them.
Right on the buzzer, Sri Lanka on Tuesday narrowly avoided its first-ever sovereign debt default. But the cash-strapped country is still on the hook for a lot more cash this year, which is shaping up to be a very painful one for low-income countries deep in the red due to COVID.
Sri Lanka is running out of money because its tourism-dependent economy was wrecked by the pandemic, and won't bounce back until foreign visitors return in big numbers. Omicron is dashing hopes that'll happen anytime soon.
The government is in a real fix. Two-thirds of its revenue is going to pay just the interest on its loans. Foreign exchange reserves were almost depleted before a $1.5 billion currency swap with China. Food prices are soaring. The value of the local currency has plummeted.
Partly to blame is China, to which Sri Lanka owes an estimated $3.5 billion. Beijing is the country's top creditor, accounting for 10 percent of the country's debt. The Chinese are traditionally tough on restructuring — and always include onerous terms in the fine print in case they get stiffed.
But pro-China President Gotabaya Rajapaksa would rather ask Beijing for more money than the IMF for a bailout. The president and his brother, PM Mahinda Rajakapsa, say Chinese loans have been essential to rebuild Sri Lanka's infrastructure after 25 years of civil war. The duo swept back to power in 2019-2020 in no small part due to their promises to invest China's money in airports and roads to boost tourism.
This time, however, Sri Lanka avoided defaulting thanks to an eleventh-hour lifeline from India, China's regional rival and eager to counter Beijing's financial muscle in its own backyard. Still, borrowing from Peter to pay Paul is hardly a long-term solution to the country's current debt crisis because most of that debt is in bonds held by international creditors who don't play politics.
What's more, Sri Lanka is not the only low-income country with big debt problems from COVID. The World Bank estimates that many of the world's poorest countries face an almost $11 billion surge in debt repayments in 2022 from the previous year.
Most of them were already highly indebted before the pandemic, and had to borrow even more (from China, international financial institutions, or capital markets) to weather COVID-induced economic crises. Even for those countries who signed up to a joint IMF/G20 plan to defer payments on their pre-pandemic loans, the extended grace period expires in December — when there will still be much uncertainty over their ability to repay all that accumulated debt.
But the unintended consequences of a default could be far worse. It could trigger a bigger crisis by cutting off Sri Lanka from the international financial system. When foreign credit dries up, it'll just be a matter of time before there's a run on banks, and social unrest follows.
Ukraine's political woes. While Russia maintains tens of thousands of troops on the Ukrainian border, domestic politics in Kyiv are becoming increasingly contentious. This week, former President Petro Poroshenko — who was elected in 2014 after the Maidan Revolution ousted a longtime Putin ally and then defeated for re-election in 2019 — has now returned to Ukraine after a month abroad to face a host of criminal charges. Those charges include treason, an alleged crime related to his decision to sign government contracts to buy coal from mines held by Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine in 2014. Poronshenko, a businessman worth $1.6 billion, says the deal was necessary to keep Ukraine from economic collapse and that the charges are an attempt by current President Volodomyr Zelensky to distract from unfavorable perceptions of the country's (currently lousy) economic outlook. He also calls it a manufactured crisis and a "gift" to the Kremlin, because it distracts from Russia's ongoing aggression. Also, on Friday US Secretary of State Tony Blinken will meet Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov to continue talks on resolving the Ukraine standoff.
A plea deal for Netanyahu? Amid an ongoing criminal trial, Israel's former PM Benjamin Netanyahu is reportedly negotiating a plea deal with the prosecution that could help him avoid jail time on a series of corruption and breach of trust charges. As part of the deal, the former PM would admit to some fraud charges, while others would be dismissed. Instead of prison, he'd face up to six months of community service. Several stumbling blocks remain. First, it's unclear whether Netanyahu's camp will acknowledge "moral turpitude," a step that would bar the 72-year-old from running for public office for seven years. Even if both sides agree to the deal — which would include an admission of guilt from the former PM and current head of the opposition — the judge would have to issue a verdict and accept the deal, which some analysts and most Israelis say is too lenient. It's a race against the clock: the current Attorney General wraps up his term in a few weeks. His successor might have a different view of this offer.
Escalation in Yemen. The Saudi-led coalition has launched a barrage of attacks in Yemen just days after Iran-backed Houthi rebels launched a surprise drone attack on oil tankers in the port of Abu Dhabi. At least 14 people were reportedly killed on Tuesday when Riyadh launched retaliatory air raids against Houthi strongholds in Sana'a, Yemen's capital. The Houthi port attack inside the UAE represents a significant escalation in the years-long civil war in Yemen, where Houthis have mostly targeted neighboring Saudi Arabia for its backing of government forces since 2015. An unannounced ceasefire between the Emiratis and Houthis had led to zero attacks inside the UAE from 2018 until this week. Though the Emiratis have scaled back their involvement in the conflict in Yemen in recent years, they continue to yield significant influence there.


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Challenges for the 60/40 Balanced Investor in Today's Market
By Justin Carbonneau (@jjcarbonneau) —
Late last year I gave a presentation to investors title, "Alternatives to the 60/40 Stock/Bond Portfolio: Why Investors Should be Thinking About this Now in Today's Market". In it, I argued that the traditional 60/40 stock/bond portfolio, which had been a simple, cheap and highly effective way for balanced investors to build wealth, had the potential to disappoint over the next decade, and investors seeking returns should be considering alternatives both in terms of asset classes and strategies as well as other important financial adjustments.
In this article, I'll outline the case I made and why it's important for balanced investors to think about this in today's market.
I started the presentation with the Big Idea of my talk:
The 60/40 stock and bond portfolio has been a winning investment strategy for the last 30+ years for those investors looking to balance risk and return. As a result, it has become the dominant asset allocation for most investors in or nearing retirement.
However, high stock valuations and low bond yields may be headwinds for the 60/40 over the next decade, and lower expected returns from the portfolio could pose significant problems for investors. Potential future inflation could also cause a situation where both stocks and bonds decline at the same time, increasing the risk for investors.
Today we will discuss:
• Why the future returns of the 60/40 portfolio may be lower than they have been in the past;
• How additional asset classes such as commodities, gold and real estate can work as complements to a stock and bond portfolio;
• How unconventional asset allocation strategies such as the Permanent Portfolio, All Weather Portfolio, Protective Asset Allocation and Generalized Protective Momentum can offer broad protection against future uncertainty and be combined into one risk managed investment strategy.
60/40 Has Delivered In Spades
The chart below shows just how good the 60/40 portfolio has performed over the past 30+ years. From 1987 to the end of early 2022, the 60/40 portfolio delivered an annualized return of 9.2% with acceptable levels of volatility and manageable drawdowns. Since the end of 2008, a simple stock/bond portfolio has delivered with the portfolio more than tripling from that time through the February 2022. But in 2022, the 60/40 is off to one of the worst starts due to a host of risk factors.
Source: Portfolio Visualizer, 60% US Stock Market, 40% Total Bond Market (Rebalanced Annually)
Elephants In the Room: Stock Valuations, Interest Rates & Inflation
There are three big challenges to the 60/40 portfolio in today's market:
Stock valuations are higher and as a result future returns for equities are likely to be lower.
Interest rates are historically low and the expected returns on bonds are far below where they have been in the past.
Higher inflation, which may result in higher rates, has the potential to hurt fixed income investors as bond holders realize losses on their holdings.
Charles Schwab put out a good chart that helps but the valuation picture in perspective. This is as of November last year, so some of the ratios have likely improved, but as we can see the market looks very expensive based on most standard valuation metrics.
Source: Source, "You've Got to Earn It: Earnings Growth Strong, But Descending", Charles Schwab, Nov. 1, 2021
And when it comes to long-term interest rates, visualizing them can show you just how low yields are historically. The chart below shows the 10 Year Treasury Rate back to 1962. While yields are up significantly after hitting a low of 0.57% in August 2020, the current yield of 2.38% is far below the average yield of 5.09% over the last half century.
Source: https://www.macrotrends.net/2016/10-year-treasury-bond-rate-yield-chart
Inflation Highest In Decades
Now introduce inflation, which in February came through at 7.9% on an annualized basis, the highest since the late 1970s and early 1980s. The chart below, taken from the U.S. Bureau of Labor, shows the massive rise in inflation in the current environment. The Federal Reserve has now signaled interest rates are likely to increase to combat inflation. It's impossible to know if inflation will be persistent or if these increases are transitory, but inflation is here now and increasing rates will have important effects across many key asset classes.
Source: https://www.bls.gov/charts/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-by-category-line-chart.htm
Prospect of Future Returns
Each month Vanguard puts out its estimates of 10 year annualized future returns on a series of asset classes. In the chart below, you will see I've highlighted the range of returns for U.S. Stocks and 10 Year Treasureys. On the high side, a 60/40 portfolio would produce an annualized 10 year return of 3.46% while on the low side returns for that portfolio would be 1.86%. No matter how you slice it, if the returns come in this range many investors are likely to be disappointed and they are far below the average return of the 60/40 I discussed earlier.
Source: https://advisors.vanguard.com/insights/article/marketperspectivesfebruary2022
Toss in the Towel – Nope!
So, does this mean we should just toss in the towel and give up on U.S. stocks and bonds?
We think the answer to that is: Absolutely Not!
However, we do think there are some important considerations for the long-term balanced investor. Let's quickly work through each of these.
Diversification;
Alternative systematic strategies;
Your return expectations;
Your savings rate;
Your withdrawal rates – i.e. the 4% rule.
Importance of the Rebalancing Effect
For investors holding U.S. stocks and bonds, diversifying into other asset classes may be an effective way to augment returns in the future. Asset classes such as commodities, gold, and real estate, particularly during inflationary times, can help prop up returns. In addition, value stocks and non-U.S. stocks have higher return expectations when compared to growth stocks and U.S. stocks in general. Getting more diversification now, particularly in some of those asset classes that have lagged over the last decade, could be ways to improve your returns.
Alternative Systematic Strategies
Diversifying into different asset classes can be good, but most investors don't have a disciplined strategy in selecting what asset class to be in and when to be in it. This is where alterative systematic strategies can play a role. For example, we run strategies such as the Permanent Portfolio (stocks, short-term bonds, intermediate/long term bonds and gold) with and without trend-following and also alternative approaches like Generalized Protective Momentum and Protective Asset Allocation, which use momentum, correlation and have a crash protection stance to help reduce the possibility of a large drawdown in bear markets. For private clients we work with through our separate asset management firm, we combine all three of these approaches into one portfolio to in an effort to control for downside risk but still generate returns in asset classes when they are exhibiting strong momentum.
Lower Your Expectations
If you've gotten strong returns out of stocks (or stocks and bonds) it may be time to adjust your future expectations and realize, given what I've laid out, that the chances of the next 10 years being anything like the past 10 are low. Of course, we can never say anything with 100% certainty in the markets and the 60-40 has defied experts for a long time now, but the odds are low that it will deliver the returns over the next 7-10 years that it has over the last few decades.
Adjust Your Saving Rate
For those investors saving for retirement, one thing you can do if you're able to is adjust your savings rate upward. If you believe future returns are going to be lower, saving more now allows you to build up your portfolio so that in the future when you do start making withdrawals, a higher withdrawal rate is possible. I understand not everyone has the ability to dial their savings rate up on a moment's notice, but for those who can do it, and particularly those who are younger and have 20-30 years until retirement, saving more now can make a tremendous differerence due to the power of compounding.
Adjust Your Withdrawal Rate
For investors who are retired, or soon to retire, some may have the ability to lower their withdrawal rate. For instance, if an investor has $1.5 million and is withdrawing 4% a year, or $60,000 from the portfolio, perhaps there is the ability to lower the withdrawal rate to 3%, or $45,000. The image below is taken from a recent article in Barron's and is based on Morningstar data – this shows that a portfolio with 50% stocks, 10% cash and 40% in bonds would be able to last 30 years under a withdrawal rate of 3.3% and last 40 years with a withdrawal rate of 2.8%.
Source: Barrons, "Forget the 4% Rule. Why Retirees Need to Rethink Their Withdrawal Strategy", December 10, 2021
The Rebalancing Effect
Some investors rebalance their portfolio annually, while others may do it more frequently or based on some life event (i.e., nearing or entering retirement). But one way to potentially combat lower returns is to take a more opportunistic approach with rebalancing. This is a little tricky, and could add to the risk of a portfolio, but it's worthy of consideration. For example, take early 2020 when the markets were reeling from COVID and the risks it presented to the global economy. A 60/40 would have seen stocks down about 35% at the low in March 2020 and bonds flat to slightly down during that period. An investor who would have rebalanced back to the target 60/40 allocation after stocks bottomed and started showing signs of stabilization would have improved their returns. So the goal is to rebalance back to the target weights after outsized moves up or down to try and take advantage of mean reversion in the markets. This might be a little too much to ask most investors but could be a strategy for some in what looks like a low return environment.
The Future of the 60-40
While the 60/40 has been a wonderful approach for the last three decades, the future returns may not be as good as in the past. Investors who are allocated to strategies like the 60/40 may need to think a little outside the box to enhance their returns going forward. Some of the options I suggested in this article could help with that.
Jack Forehand, my partner and co-host of Excess Returns, and I did a podcast last year on this topic, and some alternative systematic approaches we utilize. Those investors who find this topic important and are looking for ways to diversify their portfolios and mitigate some of the risk of the 60/40 from this point forward may find this discussion interesting.
Justin J. Carbonneau is VP at Validea & Partner at Validea Capital Management.
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Part A. How old will you be when you die?
Part B To what age is it possible for humans to live?
Why is there a difference? It could be bad luck or it could be the little choices you make each day.
What are the Essentials of Life?
How do you decide what deserves your attention?
BALANCE the Six Dimensions of your life.
Listed below are demonstration sites for topics included in the presentation.
Shift Happens 2.0 What do You Believe?
OK, What about the Wellness of the World?
But, You already know this stuff!
What information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of of its recipients.
I'd rather one should walk with me than merely show the way.
But I'd rather get my lesson, By observing what you do.


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Q: Compare User Input Text to CSV File C# If I have user input from a text box in c#, and have a CSV file of words for example with user input being: "Wow that's cool LOL" and the CSV file:
LOL Laughing Out Loud
ROFL Rolling On Floor Laughing
How would I compare the input text to find any matches in the file? How would I load the file?

A: You can do:
string input = "Wow that's cool LOL";
string[] splitArray = input.Split();
bool ifFound = File.ReadLines("yourCVSFilePath.csv")
                .Any(line => splitArray.Any(line.Contains));

It is doing:

*

*Split the input into an array of words to be compared individually.

*Loads the file line by line (lazy loading)

*Compare to see if any words in the split array matches any word in the line.

If you want to perform string comparison ignoring case then you can do:
bool ifFound = File.ReadLines("yourCVSFilePath.csv")
                .Any(line =>
                        splitArray.Any(sa =>
                                    line.IndexOf(sa, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase) > -1));

A: You can use File.ReadLines to read the lines from the csv file and LINQ to filter them:
string input = "Wow that's cool LOL";
string[] words = input.Split();

char delimiter = '\t';  // for example
IEnumerable<string> matchingLines = File.ReadLines("yourCVSFilePath.csv")
    .Where(line => words.Intersect(line.Split(delimiter)).Any())
    .ToList(());

The Intersect...Any approach is an optimized version of this alternative query:
......
.Where(line => words.Any(word => line.Split(delimiter).Contains(word)))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Japanese reactor opens after 14-year shutdown
Thursday, 6th May 2010
In Events In Japan,
A Japanese nuclear reactor has been started again after being shut down for more than 14 years, the country's Atomic Energy Agency has announced.
The Monju facility was closed in 1995 following a fire which caused high levels of damage to the reactor. No one was injured or killed and no radiation leaked but the operators of the plant were heavily criticised for allegedly covering up the scale of the damage.
Monju's operators were accused of hiding tapes showing the true damage caused by the accident.
The reactor is powered by plutonium instead of the more conventionally chosen uranium and is located near the town of Tsuruga, a fishing area in the north.
The start up has led to criticism from the Citizens' Nuclear Information Center. In a statement, the group said: "It is a great irony that Monju is being restarted when unprecedented international attention is being given to nuclear security," reported the Associated Press.
Written by Mark Smith.


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1) Unplug the power line from the back of your router (ex: Belkin, Netgear, Cisco-Linksys, D-Link, Apple Airport, etc). Make sure it is the skinny cable and NOT the thicker Ethernet cable.
2) Leave unplugged for 1 minute.
3) Plug the power line back into your router and allow up to 1-minute for it to associate with our network.
4) Check your device for a connection (ex: laptop, tablet, smartphone, etc.).
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Thank you, everyone, for your patience and support! It's our honor to serve all of you.
*Please be aware that this Press Release is an urgent notification about an upcoming service interruption. We promise never to spam!


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Unemployed grateful for pre-holiday financial boost
Fero Samoa is grateful for the financial boost. (Photo: Aufa'i Areta Areta)
By Sapeer Mayron, 04/12/2020
Next week, hundreds of unemployed or under-employed workers across Samoa will be receiving a subsidy from the Government, just in time for the holiday season.
The Ministry of Finance announced this week that from Monday 14 to Wednesday 16 December, eligible workers will be getting their cheque straight into the bank, or can pick it up from a designated site.
For Fero Samoa General Manager Teleiai James Potoi, it is a welcome relief to know his staff are being supported.
The company held out on laying anyone off for as long as it could, keeping its 85-strong staff body on reduced hours since the pandemic's effects reached Samoa's shores.
But finally in November Teleiai had to make the difficult decision to lay off 10 per cent of his team.
"We are a 100 per cent exporter and we are very dependent on our customers overseas. When those countries went into lockdown it affected our ability to continue working," he told the Samoa Observer on Thursday.
"When we went into a national lockdown when everything was initially locked down it impacted our ability to get our materials in. Materials take up to three months to get from China and so forth so again those countries got impacted by the COVID-19 and they locked down their operations that affected our ability to get materials.
"Unfortunately at the end of the day if there is little manufacturing requirement we had to reduce hours, go to half days instead of full days."
Teleiai said the company did what it could to share the burden of the financial impacts across the company, and when buses were cancelled earlier in the year the company paid for taxis to ferry staff from all over the island into work.
He said next year as orders start to pick up again, Fero hopes to pick up on the big plans it had for this year, including expanding exports to the United States and beyond.
When that happens, they should be able to re employ everyone they laid off, he added.
"With the skill level required it's essential we hold onto the skills we can get. We don't have the luxury of a huge pool of skills. The intention is that when work picks up we will look at those employees again."
Teleiai hopes to maintain Fero's reputation throughout the pandemic, so that it doesn't lose valuable business to other international competitors.
"When you're a supplier you can't send an email to say can you hold off because of this and this. We are supplying to a global market and there are lots of other suppliers out there.
"Us being a small country, and the Government is trying to secure foreign companies to come into the country to pick up the gap from Yazaki, it's essential that we are able to tell the world we are an international supplier, we are a reliable supplier and we play the rules expected of a supplier – on time, in full, to international quality standards.
"Other companies who are thinking of investing in Samoa will be looking at companies like ours to see how we fare and how we are able to continue to operate.
"We really appreciate our Government has done all it can to make sure we are not impacted like everywhere else in the world," Teleiai said.
Further Electoral Act changes on the agenda
In two months leading up to the General Election, Members of Parliament will discuss more amendment to the electoral process under the Electoral Amendment Bill 2021.
Exporters fighting pandemic decline: S.A.M.E.
Trade in terms of exports has decreased dramatically during the COVID-19 global pandemic, says the President of the Samoa Association Manufacturers and Exporters (S.A.M.E.), Tagaloa Eddie Wilson.
By Adel Fruean 16/01/2021
Teachers' conference to kick off
The Annual Teachers Conference for 2021 hosted by the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture will commence on the Wednesday 20th to Friday 22nd at the Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Efi Conference Centre under the theme, "Learning today, Leading tomorrow."
By Hyunsook Siutaia 16/01/2021


text:
The Museum Galleries and Shop are open!
Admission for all visitors is by timed ticket only. Get Tickets
Peruvian-born guitarist Carlos Odria
Music / Singing - Performance
The Renaissance Court
While strolling through the Renaissance Court, enjoy sounds that will delight and lift your spirit from Peruvian-born guitarist, Carlos Odria. He's been described as a "breathtakingly talented musician" with an immense technical skill" (Worcester Telegram) and as a "guitar wizard" (Gamble Rogers Fest).
His original compositions and arrangements of jazz standards and Latin American tunes deliver an exciting blend of international styles such as bossanova, Afro-Peruvian festejo, rumba flamenca, and Afro-Caribbean vibes with an improvisational approach inspired by the rich tradition of American jazz. Carlos holds a Ph.D. in Ethnomusicology from the Florida State University, where he also obtained a Certificate in World Music.
Cost: Free with Museum admission.
Suggested Audiences:Elders, Adult, College, High School, Middle School, Elementary
Website: https://www.worcesterart.org/events/deck-the-halls/
E-mail:information@worcesterart.org
Last Modified: December 3, 2020 at 3:28 PM
Powered by the Social Web - Bringing people together through Events, Places, & Common Interests


text:
Q: If user belongs to group in October CMS - User plugin I'm trying to filter the users from a specific user group in a component in PHP.
First, I'm search for a specific user based on a keyword, next I want to test if this user belongs to one specific group 'mygroupcode'. Ideally these two statements should be combined.
I've tried the following:
public function onSelect() {
    $s2_opts = [];
    foreach(User::where('surname', 'LIKE', '%'.Input::get('q').'%')->orWhere('name', 'LIKE', '%'.Input::get('q').'%')->get() as $user) {
        if($user->groups()->whereName('mygroupcode')->exists()) {
            array_push($s2_opts, array('id' => $user->id, 'text' => $user->name . ' ' . $user->surname));
        }
    }
    return json_encode($s2_opts);
}

This throws a MySQL-error. Something like table mydb.groups not found... In the database, it should look for user_groups instead.
Also, I've tried:
public function onSelect() {
    $s2_opts = [];
    foreach(User::where('surname', 'LIKE', '%'.Input::get('q').'%')->orWhere('name', 'LIKE', '%'.Input::get('q').'%')->get() as $user) {
        if(in_array('mygroupcode',array_keys($user->groups))) {
            array_push($s2_opts, array('id' => $user->id, 'text' => $user->name . ' ' . $user->surname));
        }
    }
    return json_encode($s2_opts);
}

This also yields a MySQL error. Similar, also about table groups not being found.
Also, I've noticed there's a method called inGroup(), but this yields the same error...
public function onSelect() {
    $s2_opts = [];
    foreach(User::where('surname', 'LIKE', '%'.Input::get('q').'%')->orWhere('name', 'LIKE', '%'.Input::get('q').'%')->get() as $user) {
        if($user->inGroup('mygroupcode')) {
            array_push($s2_opts, array('id' => $user->id, 'text' => $user->name . ' ' . $user->surname));
        }
    }
    return json_encode($s2_opts);
}

What am I doing wrong? Thanks in advance for your time.
Please note the following related questions. They are regarding backend user lists, I am looking to filter down frontend users.

*

*Check if backend user belongs to group

*If backend user belongs to group

*Backend user in group with Twig

A: If you look at the InGroup function the param is not a string (code) but an Object :
/**
 * See if the user is in the given group.
 * @param Group $group
 * @return bool
 */
public function inGroup($group)
{
    foreach ($this->getGroups() as $_group) {
        if ($_group->getKey() == $group->getKey()) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

You can add to your UserGroup model a method let's say :
const GROUP_ADMIN     =   'admin'; // admin is the group unique code

public static function getAdminGroup()
 {
    return self::where('code', self::GROUP_ADMIN)->first() ;
 }

Then you can use this method to check if the User is in the Group
public function onSelect() {

    $q = Input('q', false );

    if (!empty ($q)) {

       $users = User::searchWhere( $q , 'surname' )
                      ->searchWhere( $q , 'name' )
                      ->get();

        if ( count ($users) ) {

            $s2_opts = [];

            $users->each( function( $user ) {
                if( $user->inGroup( UserGroupModel::getAdminGroup() )) {
                    // User is in Group... Push to Array
                }
            });

             return json_encode($s2_opts);

        } else {
            // No users found...
        }
    }

}

Also have a look at the filter method you can return a filtered collection based on some condition
$filteredUsers = $users->filter(function ( $user ) {
    return $user->inGroup( UserGroupModel::getAdminGroup() ) ;
});

A: I managed to get a working solution by relying on the query builder. I doubt that it is the optimal solution, but for now it's working. If anyone has a better solution, please let me know:
public function onSelect() {
    $s2_opts = [];
    foreach(User::select('users.id', 'users.surname', 'users.name')
                ->join('users_groups', 'users.id', '=', 'users_groups.user_id')
                ->join('user_groups', 'users_groups.user_group_id', '=', 'user_groups.id')
                ->where('user_groups.code','mygroupcode')
                ->where(function ($query) {
                    $query->where('users.surname', 'LIKE', '%'.Input::get('q').'%')->orWhere('users.name', 'LIKE', '%'.Input::get('q').'%');
                })
                ->groupBy('users.id')
                ->get() as $user) {
        array_push($s2_opts, array('id' => $user->id, 'text' => $user->name . ' ' . $user->surname));
    }

    return json_encode($s2_opts);
}


text:
Nikita Mazepin – Biography
February 15, 2022 October 7, 2021 by gparabia
Nikita Dmitryevich Mazepin was born in Moscow, Russia, on 2 March 1999. His father, Dmitry Mazepin, is an active shareholder and highly positioned individual at Russia's chemical group Uralchem.
Nikita Mazepin – Early Career
1) Karting
Nikita Mazepin won Russia's Karting Championship and made his international karting debut in 2011 at the Trofeo Andrea Margutti. Within two years, he was competing in the KF3 class at the CIK-FIA Karting European Championship. During the WSK Super Master Series 2013, he was ranked 4th in the KFJ-category. He finished second in the World Karting Championship in his final season of karting in 2014.
2) Lower Formulae
Nikita Mazepin's first attempt at racing in a car was in 2014, where he competed in the MRF Formula 2000 series. In the second round of the race, he claimed his first podium in single-seater car racing.
The next time, he participated in the Toyota racing series, and throughout the drivers' championship standings, he stood at the eighteenth position. After that, he competed in Formula Renault European Cup. He secured 3rd position with a single podium point at the Red Bull Ring and finished twelfth overall in the championship.
3) F3 European Championship
Nikita Mazepin raced in the FIA F3 championship in 2016, claimed four points, and secured a twentieth-place position. Mazepin crashed with a fellow racer and hit him in the face, which led to his ban from the Hungaroring first race.
The following year, he raced again and performed significantly better than last year. He achieved 108 points and finished three times on the podium at Hitech GP. As of the end of the season, he held the tenth position in the overall standings.
4) GP3 series
In 2018, Nikita Mazepin decided to race in the GP3 Series for ART Grand Prix. At the end of the season, he had four victories and was in second place overall. Moreover, he contributed to his team winning the team championships.
5) FIA F2 series
Mazepin went on to race in Formula 2 at the ART Grand Prix in 2019. Mazepin had an accident at Sochi Autodrom and couldn't compete promptly to secure a good position. He tied for the eighteenth place in the season's end rankings. Moreover, he had accumulated eleven points in that season.
Nikita Mazepin will drive for the Hitech Grand Prix Team alongside Luca Ghiotto in 2020. After finishing second at the Hungaroring, he won his first F2 race in Britain, and his other victory came at Mugello. He received a 5-second time penalty for pushing Yuki Tsunoda wide on the last lap of the Belgian race, which denied him the victory.
Nikita Mazepin – Formula One Career
Nikita Mazepin joined hands with Force India as a test driver and debuted in the Formula One race at Silverstone. In those test races, he set his personal best lap record. In 2017, he accumulated 100 laps at the Hungaroring, while in 2018, he accumulated 51 laps. Following this success, he participated for Mercedes in the Barcelona test in 2019 and topped the timesheets with a time of 1:15.775.
1) Haas (2021- Continue)
For 2021, he partnered with the Haas F1 team for future races. He went with number nine as his permanent racing number and participated under a neutral flag due to state complications with Russian athletes.
The Russian driver crashed out during the first lap of his debut race due to getting tangled up in the kerb at turn three. The Portuguese Grand Prix was the next race in which he was penalized for ignoring instructions. Mazepin made a record of the fastest lap at the Belgian Grand Prix when he took part in the race's second lap. Unfortunately, the race was permanently canceled because of unexpected rain.
Categories F1 Drivers
Nicholas Latifi – Biography
Mick Schumacher – Biography


text:
Rally against Government Persecution of Religion Tomorrow
This version of the announcement comes from Saint Louis Crusade:
The Nationwide Rally for Religious Freedom is being held Friday, March 23 at noon, local time, outside federal buildings, Congressional offices and historic sites across the country. The theme for the Rally is "Stand Up for Religious Freedom—Stop the HHS Mandate!"
Thousands of Americans will be participating in these peaceful rallies, organized by the Pro-Life Action League and Citizens for a Pro-Life Society to oppose the new mandate from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that requires all employers provide free contraceptives, sterilization and abortion-inducing drugs through their health plans, even in violation of their consciences.
The location in St. Louis is here:
Office of Senator Claire McCaskill
5850 Delmar Boulevard (Map)
E-mail the Rally Captain
You are also encouraged to join the Jefferson City Rally March 27!
For your readers across the Mississippi:
Friday March 23. St Peter's Cathedral Bville. 12:10 mass (Sacred Heart Chapel) followed by Rosary walk to county courthouse in Bville square and back.
Great witness in the streets and the public square!
Elizabeth R said...
They counted us at 150 in front of Senator McCaskill's office. I saw one person counter-protesting.
God bless all who attended. There is a statewide rally in Jeff city next friday, which I will post on next week.
I was at the Delmar rally - 150 people in a city the size of St. Louis. While it was great that we all showed up, it's going to take a lot more to be heard. The Knights of Columbus have been vocal about attending the rally at Jefferson City, but I hadn't heard anything from them regarding the Delmar rally. Nor was it mentioned in our church's bulletin. My point is this-next time, we need to organize and follow through. And finally, where were all the clergy?! Are we serious about this or what? I don't want to be a downer - it was a good first step. All of us need to step up our efforts to get the word out next time.
I filed a late report tonight from Belleville at soilcatholic.blogspot.com.
I think 150-200 people walked and prayed in downtown Belleville today. And the rain held until folks were piling in their cars to go home! Photos at BND.
The statewide rally is next Tuesday, March 27. Here's some info on the rally:
http://stlouisreview.com/article/2012-03-14/archbishops-challenge
Plus some tips on preparing for the trip to Jeff City:
http://stlouisreview.com/article/2012-03-22/tips-attending-march
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Acute kidney failure is a serious disease characterized by poor blood filter in the kidneys, they stop their function of filtering causing accumulation of residues in the body that can be fatal.
Approximately 2 million nephrons are found in the kidneys and filter about 3-4 liters of blood every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, which is why the kidneys have a significant role in maintaining the healthy body because they not only clean the blood but also maintain the ideal balance of salts and minerals in the body.
When we refer to health, you must be aware of what is right and what is not for the body, here we leave you the 8 most prevalent symptoms of acute renal failure so that you are alert of them, if you present any, consult your doctor immediately.
This symptom is one of the most characteristics of acute renal failure and therefore listed as one of the first and is that any malfunction of the kidneys is a sign that the blood is not being purified, which in turn in accumulation of waste.
Fluid retention can generate swelling in both the legs and feet and is one of the easiest signs to detect to check if your kidneys are adequately meeting their function or not.
When the body presents the accumulation of residues in the body, it can be noticed even though the texture and the color of the skin, an itching sensation, rashes and unhealthy skin are one of the many symptoms that may indicate that you are suffering from acute renal failure.
Erythropoietin or EPO is a hormone that is produced in the kidney and controls the secretion of red blood cells, so that, when they stop working, the production of the same hormone is affected and causes fatigue and loss of energy.
If you feel dizzy and tired during the day and you also notice a change in texture in the urine, you should not delay the visit to the doctor.
Unpurified blood results from malfunctioning of the kidneys and when this happens the count is low, the lower the red blood cells in the organism, the lower the oxygen that the cells and tissues receive and therefore, shortness of breath.
When the body has excess waste, it alters the way people test food, which also indicates that the kidneys are not filtering well the body fluids, leaving a metallic taste in the mouth and bad breath.
The anemia normally generates less concentration, malfunction of the kidneys and also diminishes the blood supply to the brain, making the concentration is deficient.
Often, those with acute kidney failure have to deal with problems of nausea, lightheadedness, and inability to remember things.
Acute renal failure can be complicated by other serious illnesses, sometimes the symptoms go unnoticed or may be attributed to another underlying disease.
Usually, when you are under suspicion of suffering from such a disease, a series of blood and urine tests are performed. The following alterations may occur: reduced urine volume (less than 500 milliliters), increased blood urea and creatinine, and high electrolytes such as potassium.
Occasionally, an abdominal ultrasound and a renal biopsy may be necessary to determine the cause of acute renal failure.
The faster the disease is determined, the more likely renal failure is to be restored, as this disease causes permanent loss of renal function and those who suffer require constant dialysis or kidney transplantation in order to survive.
Although it is a more common disease in those who are already hospitalized, such as those in intensive care, it is usually secondary to complicated surgeries, generalized infections or as a result of serious injury or when the blood flow from the kidneys is interrupted, however, this may be reversible because the severity is often variable and treatment may be required for a time.
However, a decrease in the filtrate can also be generated by lowering the filtration pressure due to a decrease in blood pressure or a significant hypovolemia, another cause of this disease is the one that occurs when there is an obstructive condition that does not allow elimination of the filtrate as when there is prostatic obstruction or urethral compression by masses or ganglia.
There are also other factors that predispose the onset of this disease: advanced age, chronic infection, diabetes, hypertension, immunological disorders, renal and hepatic base problems, prostatic hypertrophy and bladder obstruction.
As you can see, kidney function is quite important in the body, if you are under one of the symptoms mentioned at the beginning, go to the doctor immediately for prevention, the faster you control it, the better quality of life you can have.


We need to let you know that due to forecasted weather conditions in the UK, we are offering customers travelling to, through or from London Gatwick, London Heathrow and Manchester on 31 January – 1 February 2019, options to rebook to later date.
We are offering customers travelling to, from or through these routes, the option to rebook onto a flight on a later date at no extra charge.
Rebook travel in the same booking class, or, if original booking class is not available, re-book in the lowest available class in the same cabin. No additional collection or change fee will be charged.
Only rebook on VS or VS/DL codeshare.
Tickets must be re-issued and rebooked on/before revised travel date.
Re-route using a direct VS/VS* service to the same destination.
Re-route using a VS service with a VS* connection, to the same destination.
Refunds – will be as per the fare conditions of the ticket.


text:
How to Begin Your Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Application (Begins April 3)
Updated 4/23/2020 at 10:46pm ET
Update: PPP Round 2 is here. On Thursday, April 23, Congress signed off on a coronavirus relief agreement that includes $370 billion to loan programs for small businesses, including $310 billion for the Paycheck Protection Program, and $60 billion to be set aside for small lenders. Read our latest post covering the agreement, and what businesses should do moving forward to act quickly.
On Thursday, 4/2, the U.S. Treasury Department issued new guidance on the eve of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan application date. Click here to see the details of this announcement.
On Tuesday, 3/31, the Small Business Administration (SBA) announced that it will begin accepting applications from lenders to small businesses and sole proprietorships beginning on April 3, 2020. For independent contractors and self-employed individuals, applications will be accepted beginning on April 10.
The application itself is available from participating lenders – here is the application form.
The application is surprisingly simple, although applicants should be careful to understand the certifications that are included and the implications for any existing debts. For this reason, we strongly encourage applicants to work through the process with their existing lenders, if applicable.
We encourage our clients to consider whether PPP is an appropriate avenue for their situation. If so, we recommend working to gather the necessary documentation for an early submission. While the program is scheduled to be available through June 30, 2020, current funding is limited.
[Updated April 8] PPP FAQs from the U.S. Treasury Department are available to review here.
New Guidance from U.S. Treasury Department on Paycheck Protection Program Issued April 2, 2020
SBA resources on the CARES Act, including frequently asked questions about PPP are available here.
Further details on application data required, loan terms, and forgiveness provisions is available from the US Treasury Department here.
In the meantime, feel free to contact us with any further questions surrounding PPP or the CARES Act. We are here to help.


text:
Home / Nationalism / The first girl born in New Year will get free education
The first girl born in New Year will get free education
Mrinalini Singh
Every time we claim that India is progressing in almost every field, but the fact is that there is still one field which has not yet improved much, the area is sadly girl's education. Girls in our country are often discriminated in almost every field. They are less likely to born or less likely to go to gain an education. The birth of a baby girl is still not welcomed in many parts of the nation. In a rare attempt to make people aware to not consider girls as a burden, Bengaluru has decided that first girl child born in the New Year at a government hospital will receive free education till graduation.
In a noble initiative to identify these obstacles and celebrate girl child, the Mayor of Bengaluru R. Sampath Raj has declared that the first girl child born in the New Year through a normal delivery at any government hospital in the city would get free education up to graduation. The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) will also deposit around Rs 5 lakh in a joint bank account of its Commissioner and the first newborn baby girl. The interest will be utilized later for the girl child's education.
"Pregnant women who go to civic hospitals for delivery are from poor sections and unluckily think a girl child is a burden for them to bring up", said the Bengaluru mayor. The officials of Bengaluru hospital will record the birth timings of a baby girl who will be born after December 31 midnight. The baby girl who will be coming to this world first will be declared as the winner in the city. As per the Mayor, "A cesarean-section birth can be induced any time, government doctors have decided to reward only the girl child born through a natural process".
Indeed, it's definitely a beautiful way to start the New Year 2018.
Every time we claim that India is progressing in almost every field, but the fact is that there is still one field which has not yet improved much, the area is sadly girl's education. Girls in our country are often discriminated in almost every field. They are less likely to born or less likely to go to gain an education. The birth of a baby girl is still not welcomed in many parts of the nation. In a rare attempt to make people aware to not consider girls as a burden, Bengaluru has decided that first girl child born in the New Year at a government hospital will receive free education till graduation. In a noble initiative to identify these obstacles and celebrate girl child, the Mayor of Bengaluru R. Sampath Raj has declared that the first girl child born in the New Year through a normal delivery at any government hospital in the city would get free education up to graduation. The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) will also deposit around Rs 5 lakh in a joint bank account of its Commissioner and the first newborn baby girl. The interest will be utilized later for the girl child's education. "Pregnant women who go to civic hospitals for delivery are from poor sections and unluckily think a girl child is a burden for them to bring up", said the Bengaluru mayor. The officials of Bengaluru hospital will record the birth timings of a baby girl who will be born after December 31 midnight. The baby girl who will be coming to this world first will be declared as the winner in the city. As per the Mayor, "A cesarean-section birth can be induced any time, government doctors have decided to reward only the girl child born through a natural process". Indeed, it's definitely a beautiful way to start the New Year 2018.
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text:
Q: Shift dates on the fly based on a condition using pandas I have a dataframe like as shown below
df1 = pd.DataFrame({'person_id': [11, 21, 31, 41, 51],
                        'date_1': ['12/30/1961', '05/29/1967', '02/03/1957', '7/27/1959', '01/13/1971'],
                        'backward': [0,120,1,2,3],
                        'forward':  [0,12,1,0,0]})
df1['date_1'] = pd.to_datetime(df1['date_1'])

What I would like to do is
1) Shift forward date_1 column based on values from the forward column (add dates).
2) if forward column has a value of 0, then pick the value from backward and shift the date backward (subtract dates)
3) if both forward and backward are 0, it will not make any difference to dates as we add/subtract 0 days to date. For coding purposes, if you still wanna know which column to pick then we can consider the backward column.
This is what I tried
df1['new_date'] = df1['date_1'].sub(pd.to_timedelta(df1['forward'],unit='d'))
df1['bool'] = df1['date_1'].eq(df1['new_date']) # i do this to find out which rows aren't changed. So I can look at backward column to subtract days for these records
df1.loc[df1.bool == True, "new_date"] = df1['date_1'].sub(pd.to_timedelta(df1['backward'],unit='d'))

I expect my output to be like as shown below. As you can see for the last 2 rows and the 1st row, the forward column had a value of 0, so we pick values from the backward column and subtract the dates

A: you can use mask on forward to replace the 0s by minus backward column and then add to_timedelta this series to the date
df1['new_date'] = (df1['date_1']
                   + pd.to_timedelta(df1['forward'].mask(lambda x: x.eq(0),
                                                         -df1['backward']),
                                     unit='d')
                  )
print (df1)
   person_id     date_1  backward  forward   new_date
0         11 1961-12-30         0        0 1961-12-30
1         21 1967-05-29       120       12 1967-06-10
2         31 1957-02-03         1        1 1957-02-04
3         41 1959-07-27         2        0 1959-07-25
4         51 1971-01-13         3        0 1971-01-10


text:
.class Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService$12;
.super Landroid/content/BroadcastReceiver;
.source "FMRadioService.java"

# annotations
.annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/EnclosingClass;
    value = Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;
.end annotation

.annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/InnerClass;
    accessFlags = 0x0
    name = null
.end annotation

# instance fields
.field final synthetic this$0:Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;

# direct methods
.method constructor <init>(Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;)V
    .locals 0
    .parameter

    .prologue
    .line 676
    iput-object p1, p0, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService$12;->this$0:Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;

    invoke-direct {p0}, Landroid/content/BroadcastReceiver;-><init>()V

    return-void
.end method

# virtual methods
.method public onReceive(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/content/Intent;)V
    .locals 4
    .parameter "context"
    .parameter "intent"

    .prologue
    const/4 v3, 0x0

    .line 678
    invoke-virtual {p2}, Landroid/content/Intent;->getAction()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v0

    .line 679
    .local v0, action:Ljava/lang/String;
    const-string v1, "android.intent.action.PALM_DOWN"

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/String;->equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z

    move-result v1

    if-eqz v1, :cond_0

    .line 680
    iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService$12;->this$0:Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;

    #getter for: Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;->mIsOn:Z
    invoke-static {v1}, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;->access$100(Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;)Z

    move-result v1

    if-eqz v1, :cond_0

    iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService$12;->this$0:Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;

    #getter for: Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;->mAudioManager:Landroid/media/AudioManager;
    invoke-static {v1}, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;->access$500(Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;)Landroid/media/AudioManager;

    move-result-object v1

    invoke-virtual {v1}, Landroid/media/AudioManager;->isRadioSpeakerOn()Z

    move-result v1

    if-eqz v1, :cond_0

    iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService$12;->this$0:Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;

    #getter for: Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;->mIsMute:Z
    invoke-static {v1}, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;->access$1000(Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;)Z

    move-result v1

    if-nez v1, :cond_0

    .line 681
    const-string v1, "ACTION_PALM_DOWN : mute"

    invoke-static {v1}, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;->log(Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 682
    iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService$12;->this$0:Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;

    #getter for: Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;->mAudioManager:Landroid/media/AudioManager;
    invoke-static {v1}, Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;->access$500(Lcom/android/server/FMRadioService;)Landroid/media/AudioManager;

    move-result-object v1

    const/16 v2, 0xa

    invoke-virtual {v1, v2, v3, v3}, Landroid/media/AudioManager;->setStreamVolume(III)V

    .line 685
    :cond_0
    return-void
.end method

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The social causes and consequences of illness from the perspective of the major paradigms in sociology. Attention will be given to the objective and subjective distribution and causes of illness.
Address Applications to: sociologyhiring@wlu.ca, Dr. Jeffrey Aguinaldo, Chair, PTAC by January 31, 2019 at 11:59 pm.


text:
Q: SQL statement help! I need help in sql statement. Now my database I have Category table(book, flower, stationary). Inside book table(bookIDm,bookTypes, size, price, catID)

For eg, 1st field -1(bookID), Diary(bookTypes), Big(size), $12.50(price), 1(catID)
  2nd field -2(bookID), Diary(bookTypes), Big(size), $11.00(price), 1(catID) .

Now I just wanted it to display like ---- Diary | Small | $11.00---Means only display one data for each bookType with the lowest price. How do I write the sql statement for this requirement?

A: For Microsoft SQL Server you could use
SELECT     BookType, Size, MIN(Price) AS LowestPrice
FROM         dbo.Books
GROUP BY BookType, Size

The main things you are looking to learn are the use of agregate functions. I suggest you check out Aggregate Functions (Transact-SQL) .I used the Min function here to get the minimum price. To do this you must use the "Group By" for the fields that are not agregated.

A:
select BookType, Size, min(Price)
from Book
group by BookType, Size
order by BookType


The Blood Donation service Vitalant offered a free pint of ice cream for donating blood Monday at the Vitalant office in San Luis Obispo.
Vitalant partnered with Doc Burstein's Ice Cream Lab for the blood drive. Doc Burstein's has been a supporter for 13 years after joining the monthly blood drives in 2003. These drives take place in San Luis Obispo, Arroyo Grande and Santa Maria. The blood drive accepts all blood types and is also in need of platelet donations.
The drive started at 1 p.m. and went until 5 p.m. on Monday. Blood donors received a voucher for a free pint of ice cream from Doc Burstein's.
To donate blood, platelets or plasma, contact Vitalant to make an appointment. The last appointment or walk-in is taken 15 minutes before donor center closes.
To make appointments to donate, call 805 543-4920.


Municipal issuers have far lower federal disclosure requirements for secondary-market bonds.
Municipal bonds are fundamentally different than corporate debt due to the limited amount of information investors can obtain from the issuer. Corporate issuers that offer their bonds to the public must file accurate quarterly financial reports. However, municipal issuers have far lower federal disclosure requirements for secondary-market bonds, as a recent SEC proceeding against the City of Harrisburg, Penn., revealed.


text:
El golpe de Estado en Chipre del 15 de julio de 1974 fue una acción violenta por la cual la Guardia Nacional de Chipre con apoyo de miembros de la EOKA-B derrocó al Gobierno del arzobispo Makarios y dio origen a la invasión turca iniciada el 20 de ese mismo mes.

Situación previa al golpe de Estado

Situación intercomunal

La relación entre las comunidades turca y griega en la isla mejoró sustancialmente desde la crisis de 1967. Las rupturas del cese-el-fuego disminuyeron considerablemente permitiendo la rebaja de efectivos de UNFICYP. La actividad de esa misión de paz dio sus frutos paulatinamente aunque la paz previa a la independencia no había sido alcanzada. Los pocos incidentes que ocurrieron fueron de una magnitud menor como la sucedida durante el enfrentamiento de Kokkina. En 1972 se iniciaron conversaciones intercomunales bajo los auspicios del Secretario General, aunque con escasos avances.

Situación intracomunal en Chipre

Gobierno militar de Grecia

En 1967 se había producido en el Reino de Grecia un golpe de Estado derechista que dio origen a un período llamado la Dictadura de los Coroneles. Un cambio en 1973 de las autoridades de la Junta Militar que gobernaba el país alteró las relaciones greco-chipriotas. El nuevo hombre fuerte, el General Dimitrios Ioannides, tenía una postura más rígida y anticomunista que el derrocado el 23 de noviembre de 1973, Coronel Georgios Papadopoulos.

Luego del ascenso del general Phaedon Gizikis como presidente griego designado por Ioannides, Grecia adoptó una postura hostil contra Makarios. Además de considerarlo un hombre de izquierda, lo consideraba un obstáculo a la Enosis. La junta militar veía la adquisición de Chipre como un coronamiento de su acción de gobierno, que legitimaría su poder y que le daría continuidad.

Toma del control de la EOKA-B

El golpe se contextuaba en un aumento de la inestabilidad interna en la isla producto del incremento del enfrentamiento con la EOKA-B. Luego de los hechos de 1967, en los que Turquía amenaza con invadir la isla, Makarios ve que la Enosis era cada vez más distante y más riesgosa para la República. Ese pensamiento lo enfrentó a la organización nacionalista cuya idea se mantenía desde 1960, esto es, la unión con Grecia.

Con el regreso clandestino a Chipre de Georgios Grivas en agosto de 1971, se revitaliza la acción a favor de la Enosis de la EOKA-B y la afluencia de fondos desde Grecia para la lucha. Su muerte en enero de 1974 le dio a Makarios la sensación de libertad de acción para la reducción de la EOKA-B.

Ante la misma circunstancia, la junta militar de Grecia también se vio posibilitada de controlar la organización a través de los oficiales griegos desplegados en la isla. Por ello, designa a Eleftheros Papadopolis como coordinador de la EOKA-B.

Acción anti-Makarios de la Guardia Nacional de Chipre

Con la EOKA-B bajo control de los oficiales griegos que revistaban en la Guardia Nacional y el cambio de gobierno en Grecia, se incrementó la acción contra Makarios. Se inició el flameo de las banderas griegas en los campos de la Guardia Nacional al igual que la difusión en distintos medios de eslóganes a favor del golpe de los coroneles. Sus campos pasaron a ser refugio de combatientes de la EOKA-B cuando eran combatidos por la Policía Táctica de Reserva (PTR) y sus proveedores de armamento. La infiltración de la Guardia Nacional por parte de los griegos preocupaba a Makarios porque no podría enfrentarla con la PTR.

Antecedentes inmediatos

 6 de junio de 1974: Makarios manifiesta públicamente que Atenas estaba financiando la EOKA-B.

 18 de junio de 1974: en un allanamiento de la Policía Táctica de la Reserva a la vivienda de Eleftheros Papadopolis, se captura documentación que prueba la presencia de oficiales griegos en la actividad de la EOKA-B. La respuesta de esa organización fue una escalada de violencia que terminó con cuatro muertos en una semana.

 2 de julio de 1974: Makarios envía una carta al presidente de Grecia, el general Phaedon Gizikis, diciendo que Atenas organizaba las acciones terroristas a través de la Oficina 2 del Cuartel General del Ejército y demandaba el retiro de los 600 oficiales griegos que servían en la Guardia Nacional dejando sólo 100 como instructores y como colaboradores de la reestructuración de las Fuerzas Armadas  . La carta presionó fuertemente a un gobierno altamente imprevisible como era el de Ioannides.

 12 de julio de 1974: tanques de la Guardia Nacional marchan por frente del Palacio Presidencial sin autorización del Presidente lo que le valió una reprimenda a su comandante.

 13 de julio de 1974: el Tte Gral G. Denizis es reemplazado secretamente en el comando de la Guardia Nacional por el Brigadier General Michalis Georgitsis, a cargo del  Alto Comando Militar (Nicosia) verdadero cerebro del golpe. Denizis, oficial retirado del ejército griego, se había hecho cargo en agosto de 1973 y progresivamente se había apartado de los dictados de Atenas.

 13 y 14 de julio: el fin de semana transcurre con normalidad en la isla. Ni UNFICYP ni el cuerpo diplomático tienen indicios de los preparativos del golpe más allá de los rumores que eran rutinarios entonces.

Fuerzas enfrentadas

Fuerzas golpistas

 Guardia Nacional de Chipre: a cargo del Brigadier General Michalis Georgitsis, lidera el golpe. Era controlada totalmente por oficiales griegos dado a la casi inexistencia de oficiales chipriotas.

Poseía 10000 hombres. 38 tanques T34.

 EOKA B. Milicia nacionalista que buscaba la Enosis. Se encontraba muy debilitada desde la muerte de Georgios Grivas. Estaba bajo la autoridad de Eleftheros Papadopolis, designado coordinador.

 ELDYK. Contingente griego en Chipre.

Fuerzas leales al gobierno

 Policía Táctica de Reserva (PTR). Fuerza creada por Makarios en el año 1972. Su efectivo era de 600 hombres con armamento portátil soviético. Sus miembros, vestidos con uniforme militar y entrenados como fuerza paramilitar, eran usados en tareas dentro de la comunidad grecochipriota (una sola vez participó en incidentes intercomunales). Sus objetivos eran cuidar el Palacio Presidencial, la radio de Nicosia, el aeropuerto internacional y las estaciones de televisión y la lucha contra las guerrillas.

Su comandante era el Mayor Pandelakis.

 Guardia Presidencial (GP). Consistía en 500 hombres ligeramente armados. Con el golpe de Estado se mantuvo leal a Makarios y fue sometida por la Guardia Nacional.

Su comandante era Nicos Thrasivuolos.

Cronología de los hechos

 15 de julio de 1974: se produce el golpe de Estado liderado por oficiales griegos contra el gobierno de Makarios. Tal acción sorprendió a la mayoría de los actores internaciones e internos (incluso al propio gobierno).

A las 07:40, el Presidente Makarios llega al Palacio Presidencial escoltado por la Guardia Presidencial, procedente de Troodos, donde había pasado el fin de semana. Entonces, la Guardia Nacional comenzó a colocar bloqueos de ruta para aislar la ciudad.

A las 8:30 horas, 25 tanques de la Guardia Nacional arribaron al Palacio Presidencial (defendido por 150 hombres de la PTR y 40 de la GP) e iniciaron el bombardeo. Al mismo tiempo, la misma fuerza ocupa la radio nacional (CyBC), el centro de telecomunicaciones y el aeropuerto de Nicosia donde hay un fuerte combate con la PTR. Se le suman a la Guardia Nacional milicianos del ELDYK vestidos indistintamente de militar o civil con armamento de distinto tipo. La Prisión Central de Nicosia es atacada, liberándose detenidos de la EOKA-B.

El Palacio Presidencial, al igual que el Palacio del Arzobispo, fue destruido. Durante el avance, el primer tanque fue impactado por un bazooka, por lo que el resto abrió fuego inmediatamente matando a algunos de los comandos que atacaban de la dirección opuesta. Posteriormente se dirá que el Presidente había sido muerto.

Makarios, que se encontraba en una recepción de niños de El Cairo, apenas pudo escapar por el jardín trasero. Luego de ser transportado por un vehículo, que casualmente pasaba por el lugar, a la villa de Paleochori y de allí conducido al Metohi, un anexo del Monasterio de Kikkos un kilómetro más al norte, en las montañas de Troodos. Pasó luego a Pafos, desde donde hizo una comunicación radial informando a los habitantes que se encontraba vivo y llamando a los chipriotas a la resistencia.

Simultáneamente, el general Michalis Georgitsis inició en Nicosia la búsqueda de un candidato para colocarlo al frente de la república. Tras ser rechazadas las ofertas por varios candidatos, Nikos Sampson, un activista de la EOKA, aceptó el cargo.

En el resto de la isla también hubo lucha. En Limassol, dos puestos policiales fueron atacados por la Guardia Nacional (4 muertos, 3 heridos). En Famagusta, la estación central de policía y el comando del FTR fueron atacados por tres tanques e infantería, cayendo a las seis de la tarde. En Lárnaca también fue atacado un puesto policial. En el Distrito de Lefka hubo combates entre fracciones a favor y en contra de Makarios. En el Distrito de Kyrenia, además del combates en la ciudad homónima, se colocaron bloqueos en los alrededores.

13:00 horas: cesa toda la resistencia en Nicosia.

15:00 horas: jura Nikos Sampson como presidente de un "Gobierno de Salvación Nacional".

A las 19:30 es acordada una reunión en el Obispado de Pafos entre el Jefe del contingente local de UNFICYP (My Británico Richard Macfarlane) y Makarios para certificar que este estaba vivo ratificando los rumores de su supervivencia. El Presidente solicitó al oficial que retransmita un mensaje a través de su cadena de comando a Zeno Rossides, representante chipriota permanente ante las Naciones Unidas pidiendo una reunión del Consejo de Seguridad para condenar a la Junta de Grecia por intentar liquidar la independencia de Chipre. Asimismo, invitó a una reunión al Comandante de la Fuerza, Dewan Prem Chand y al Representante Especial Luis Jesús Weckmann Muñoz.

A la noche, toda la isla es dominada excepto Pafos y Limassol. Rige el toque de queda en todo el país. En la primera localidad, de sentimientos pro-Makarios, los oficiales de la Guardia Nacional fueron puesto bajo arresto. A la tarde y ante la lucha, la radio "Pafos Libre" llamó a reunirse a la población en el centro de la ciudad y marchar hacia Limassol. Unas 250 personas lo hicieron en vehículos civiles y armados pero con muy poca capacidad militar y con el objetivo de levantar el asedio a la estación policial. Ante el fracaso, a la madrugada, regresan a Pafos.

La reacción de la comunidad turcochipriota fue inmediata. Sus fuerzas de seguridad se desplegaron en sus posiciones defensivas, se movilizó a sus reservas y se puso en alerta máxima al KTKA. Se cerró el ingreso al barrio turco de Nicosia. Lo mismo sucedió en los distintos enclaves a lo largo de la isla. Denktash declaró que el golpe era un asunto interno de los grecochipriotas y llamó a la calma. Esto fue llevado a cabo demostrando una profunda disciplina a pesar de gran cantidad de disparos (incluso de morteros) que cayeron en sectores de esta comunidad producto de la lucha intracomunal. Solo hubo ocasional respuesta en Limassol sin transformarse en un caso serio. UNFICYP no reportó disparos provenientes desde esta comunidad. Tampoco hubo ataques deliberados por parte de los grecochipriotas.

UNFICYP fue puesto en alerta azul. Desplegó sus enlaces con las autoridades locales e incrementó sus patrullas.

 16 de julio de 1974: durante la mañana, solo Pafos estaba bajo dominio de los leales. Durante la mañana, en el obispado local, se produce la reunión entre las autoridades de UNFICYP y Makarios. Con permiso del Secretario General se le ofrece protección de UNFICYP, que fue rechazada.

 Simultáneamente, dos columnas golpistas de la Guardia Nacional avanzan a Pafos a través de Troodos y Limassol. Al mediodía, el buque Levantis bombardea el obispado y la transmisora de CyBC, desde donde "Pafos Libre" emitía.

El bombardeo del obispado convence a Makarios que debe abandonar la isla. A las 12:30 pide a Naciones Unidas un helicóptero para trasladarse a la SBA Akrotiri y se apersona en el campo St Patrick`s. Se gestiona un helicóptero británico para evitar que UNFICYP dañe las relaciones con la Guardia Nacional. Gran Bretaña autoriza el movimiento con la promesa de continuar su viaje fuera de la base en forma rápida. A las 16:50 aterriza en Akrotiri y a los 15 minutos continúa hacia Londres vía Malta en un transporte de la RAF.

 Luego de la huida, Pafos se rinde.

 17 de julio de 1974: Makarios, en Londres, se entrevistó con el Premier Británico, Harold Wilson, y con su canciller James Callaghan. Reclamó apoyo a Gran Bretaña en su calidad de país garante de la constitución chipriota (junto a Grecia y Turquía). El gobierno británico le dijo que no intervendría en reconstruir el orden constitucional pero que lo consideraba presidente legítimo.

Ese día, 25 grecochipritoas pro-Makarios ingresaron al enclave de Lefka pidiendo refugio a los turcochipriotas. Dado lo delicado de la situación, el jefe del contingente danés negoció su entrega a la Guardia Nacional controlando periódicamente su trato humanitario. Con la invasión turca son liberados e introducidos a esta fuerza.

También, tropas de la Guardia Nacional, apoyadas por un tanque, adoptan posiciones amenazantes en el Aeropuerto frente al campo UNFICYP, donde armas checoslovacas importadas ilegalmente en 1972 se encontraban bajo custodia. Un oficial griego se apersonó en el campo reclamando las armas lo que le fue negado. Ante la protesta ante el comando de la fuerza, las tropas se repliegan.

 18 de julio de 1974: el aeropuerto de Nicosia es reabierto al tráfico aéreo civil pero bajo control militar. Esto trajo la posibilidad del arribo de numerosos periodistas.

 19 de julio de 1974: Makarios se traslada a Nueva York, donde dio un discurso en el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas. El arzobispo señaló que el golpe fue perpetrado por un grupo de militares griegos que se encontraban sirviendo en la Guardia Nacional y que era apoyado desde Atenas. Agregó que no era un asunto interno de los grecochipriotas, sino que también afectaba a la comunidad turcochipriota.

 Zenon Rossides, representante permanente ante Naciones Unidas y nombrado por Makarios, es reconocido como legítimo representante. El Gobierno de facto declaró haberlo reemplazado por L. Papaphilipou. El día 20, Secretario General declara no reconocer a este último.

 El mismo día, Denktash declara a Naciones Unidas que tampoco reconocía al Gobierno de Sampson. Durante los ocho días del gobierno, Sampson no fue reconocido ni por Naciones Unidas, ni por la comunidad internacional ni por las autoridades turcochipriotas. Tampoco tuvo contactos directos con autoridades de UNFICYP.

 20 de julio de 1974: Turquía invade Chipre. Operación Atila

 23 de julio de 1974: Es depuesto de gobierno de Nikos Sampson y reemplazado por Glafcos Clerides.

Bajas

Durante el golpe, varios seguidores de Makarios fueron encarcelados o murieron durante la lucha. Las bajas aproximadas fueron 150 muertos y 500 heridos.

Lectura complementaria

 Orden de Batalla de las Fuerzas Intervinientes en la Operación Atila.
 Operación Atila.
 Conflicto de Chipre.

Notas y referencias

Bibliografía

 Henn, Francis. A Business of Some Heat. Pen & Sword Military. United Kingdom, 2004.
 Loizos, Peter. The Heart Grown Bitter: A Chronicle of Cypriot War Refugees. Cap IV, Coup D'état: July 1974. Published by Cambridge University Press. 1982 (en inglés):
 The Road to Bellapais. Pierre Obertling. Social Science Monographs, Boulder. New York. 1982.
 United Natones. Report by the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Cyprus (for the period 1 June 1973 to 1 December 1973). Doc s/11137. 1 Dec 1973.
 United Natones. Report by the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Cyprus (for the period 2 December 1973 to 22 May 1974). Doc S/11294. 22 May 1974.
 United Nations. Letter dated 20 july 1974 from the permanent representative of Turkey to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Doc S/11352. 20 Jul 1974.

Historia de Chipre
Chipre 1974
Grecia en 1974
Chipre en 1974
Conflicto de Chipre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


List of villages in Mallasamudram taluka or tehesil is listed below. Please click on a village link to view every detail of the village. Mallasamudram is under the Namakkal district in the state of Tamil Nadu in India.


text:
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A Simple Measure Of Longevity and Health: Hand Grip Strength
Posted on Aug 31, 2022, 4 a.m.
Article courtesy of Dr. Joel Kahn, MD, who is a Clinical Professor of Medicine at Wayne State University School of Medicine, one of the world's top cardiologists, best-selling author, lecturer, and a leading expert in plant-based nutrition and holistic care.
Muscle strength is a powerful predictor of mortality that can quickly and inexpensively be assessed by measuring handgrip strength (HGS). What is missing for clinical practice, however, are meaningful measurements that apply to the general population and that consider the correlation of HGS with gender, body height, as well as the decline in HGS during processes of normal aging.
A new study provided standardized measurements that directly link HGS to remaining life expectancy, allowing the detection of those with an increased mortality risk early on.
How strong do you need to be?
Design: Relying on data from the Health and Retirement Study, the HGS of participants was standardized by gender, age, and body height. Researchers defined six HGS groups and used these groupings as predictors of survival. A 9-year follow-up after measurement of HGS was achieved.
Participants: 8156 US American women and men aged 50–80 years.
Main outcome measure: HGS and all-cause mortality.
Results: Even slight negative performance in HGS from the reference group had substantial negative effects on observed survival. The remaining life expectancy among individuals aged 60 years with a below-average HGS was 3.0/1.4 years lower for men/women than for the reference group, increasing to a difference of 4.1/2.6 years in the group with HGS of the lowest measurements. By contrast, we find no benefit of strong HGS related to survival.
Conclusions: HGS varies substantially with gender, age, and body height. Above average HGS was not shown to predict longer life expectancy BUT even small decreases in HGS from expected did predict shorter lifespans. Early measurements of hand grip strength as a marker of weakness and frailty, with programs instituted to increase body strength and prevention of falls, may avoid some early deaths related to frailty.
About the author: At his core, Dr. Joel Kahn believes that plant-based nutrition is the most powerful source of preventative medicine on the planet. Having practiced traditional cardiology since 1983, it was only after his own commitment to a plant-based vegan diet that he truly began to delve into the realm of non-traditional diagnostic tools, prevention tactics, and nutrition-based recovery protocols.
As with anything you read on the internet, this article should not be construed as medical advice; please talk to your doctor or primary care provider before changing your wellness routine.
Content may be edited for style and length.
Materials provided by:
https://www.drjoelkahn.com/
https://www.kahnlongevitycenter.com/
https://www.kahnlongevitycenter.com/blog/a-simple-measure-of-longevity-and-health-hand-grip-strength
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/7/e058489
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