text:
Q: Numpy Import Error and Aws lambda layer folder structure (Importing the numpy C-extensions failed) Problem
Hi,
I've been trying to create two lambda layers containing numpy(1.23.2) and pandas(1.4.4) packages respectively which I would then use with my lambda function. (note: I'm also inserting in the pandas layer pytz-2022.2.1)
However, when I test it through the UI I get the following error:
[ERROR] ImportError:

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!

Importing the numpy C-extensions failed. This error can happen for
many reasons, often due to issues with your setup or how NumPy was
installed.

We have compiled some common reasons and troubleshooting tips at:

    https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html

Please note and check the following:

  * The Python version is: Python3.9 from "/var/lang/bin/python3.9"
  * The NumPy version is: "1.23.2"

and make sure that they are the versions you expect.
Please carefully study the documentation linked above for further help.

Original error was: No module named 'numpy.core._multiarray_umath'

I have been following aws guides, articles and other articles in stack overflow without success.
Steps
I am getting the numpy package using this link from pypi numpy-1.23.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
I unzip the .whl and zip the content into a new .zip folder. The structure of this new zip is as follows:
numpy-layer.zip
└─python
     └─numpy
     └─numpy-1.23.2.dist-info
     └─numpy.libs

(just to be clear, when I extract the files I get a folder called python)
I push the zip to an s3 bucket:
aws s3 cp  $dir/lambda-numpy-layer.zip s3://my-bucket/lambda_packages/numpy.zip

I publish a new layer version:
aws lambda publish-layer-version \
  --layer-name my-numpy-layer  \
  --description "Using numpy 1.23.2"  \
  --content S3Bucket=my-bucket,S3Key=lambda_packages/numpy.zip \
  --output json

and update the lambda function configuration to use the new layers:
aws lambda update-function-configuration \
  --function-name my-function-name \
  --layers  $numpy_layer_arn_with_version \
            $pandas_layer_arn_with_version

(note, I checked if it was an issue with the aws cli commands so I tried uploading the zip through the UI into the lambda layer but the error is still the same)
Debug
When trying to debug, I printed out some folder structures.

def lambda_handler(event, context):

    import os
    print("Current dir", os.getcwd())
    print("listdit /root", os.listdir("/"))
    print("listdir /opt", os.listdir("/opt"))
    print("listdir /opt/python", os.listdir("/opt/python"))
    print("listdir /var/lang/bin/", os.listdir('/var/lang/bin/'))
    print("PYTHONPATH:", os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH'))
    print("PATH:", os.environ.get('PATH'))
    import numpy

    return {
        'headers': {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
        , 'statusCode': 200
        , 'body': body
    }

Which outputs:
Current dir /var/task
listdit /root ['proc', 'media', 'sys', 'sbin', 'lib64', 'tmp', 'opt', 'dev', 'mnt', 'root', 'etc', 'home', 'bin', 'usr', 'var', 'run', 'boot', 'lambda-entrypoint.sh', 'lib', 'srv', 'THIRD-PARTY-LICENSES.txt']
listdir /opt ['python']
listdir /opt/python ['numpy', 'numpy-1.23.2.dist-info', 'numpy.libs', 'pandas', 'pandas-1.4.4.dist-info', 'pandas.libs', 'pytz', 'pytz-2022.2.1.dist-info']
listdir /var/lang/bin/ ['pydoc3.9', 'pydoc3', 'python3.9-config', 'python-config', 'python3.9', 'pip', 'python3-config', 'pip3.9', 'pydoc', 'pip3', 'python', 'python3']
PYTHONPATH: /var/runtime
PATH: /var/lang/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin/:/bin:/opt/bin

[ERROR] ImportError:

...

Could be that the path is pointing at /opt/bin but my packages are directly under /opt/ instead?
Otherwise a problem with my zipped folder structure.

A: You are unlikely to be able to figure out the structure you need by debugging it this way. Fortunately, you don't have to.
What I recommend you to do instead, is to locally install the libraries you need in a directory you'd name "python" with pip install -t ./python and then zip that directory. Pip will do all the work for you.
First of all, check you have the appropriate version of python activated:
$ python -V
Python 3.9.5

Make a "python" directory:
$ mkdir python

Then install what you need:
$ pip install pandas==1.4.4 -t ./python --no-cache-dir

Collecting pandas==1.4.4
...
...
...
Successfully installed numpy-1.23.2 pandas-1.4.4 python-dateutil-2.8.2 pytz-2022.2.1 six-1.16.0

Note that, simply by pip-installing pandas in this way, you get the corresponding version of numpy you wanted, plus a couple of other required dependencies.
Let's have a look at what we got:
$ tree ./python -L 1
./python/
├── bin
├── dateutil
├── numpy
├── numpy-1.23.2.dist-info
├── numpy.libs
├── pandas
├── pandas-1.4.4.dist-info
├── __pycache__
├── python_dateutil-2.8.2.dist-info
├── pytz
├── pytz-2022.2.1.dist-info
├── six-1.16.0.dist-info
└── six.py

12 directories, 1 file

That's quite a bunch of directories, good thing we didn't have to build all that manually!
Let's wrap it.
$ zip -r pandas-1-4-4-py-39-layer.zip ./python

That's it! Now you just have to upload that zip to your layer with either the UI or the CLI, and you should be good to go.


Celebrity Juice is Back on ITV2…Soon!
The new series of Celebrity Juice is coming soon…and the world will be watching! Keep checking back for the dates!
Don't forget to follow Gino on Twitter @ginofantastico and on Facebook here for updates and the latest gossip from the funniest show on TV!
You can also follow the Celeb Juice lot on Twitter @CelebJuice.


Multiple product codes can be mapped to one mother product code if the specifications are identical. Buffalo's MiniStation Lite is a drive targeted at those who don't need the fancy features of the Extreme. Product name is a key part of the Icecat product title on a product data-sheet. Order by 10pm On 's of products. Buy It Direct acts as a broker and offers credit from a panel of lenders. Add to compare Remove from compare Add to compare. Are you sure you want to delete your wishlist?
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text:
Q: Installing QGIS with osgeo4w-setup.exe gives unreadable Cyrillic text When I try to install QGIS with osgeo4w-setup.exe, the Cyrillic text on one of the windows is unreadable.
I would like a screenshot of this text in English.

A: Here is the English version of this installation step:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Lou Malnati's or Giordano's? That's really what it comes down to.
If you're familiar with the Chicago area, you know exactly what I'm talking about. There are really only three places that Chicago dwellers talk about: Giordano's, Lou Malnati's, or Gino's East (Sorry, Pizzeria Uno is good, but it's not in league with the other three).
I fell in love with Giordano's years ago when my cousin Wendy took Lori and I there. Since then, she's been known to send me one via Fed Ex on special occasions. Over the years I have had Ginos East on several occasions and enjoyed it; it's just no comparison to Giordano's. But for whatever reason, I had never tried Lou Malnati's. So I made it a priority to try it as I passed through Chicago this week.
Wednesday I flew into Chicago, stopped by my favorite Giordano's restaurant, and headed up to Wisconsin where I was to teach a workshop for EV youth pastors in the district (fun group- we had a great time). After teaching the workshop Thursday, I headed back down to Chicago (only a few hours drive- worth it, rather than laying over in Chicago). This time I mapped out where a Lou Malnati's restaurant was… and I stopped in for dinner.
You have to realize… Giordano's is pure heaven to me. It would almost take a miracle for another pizza to surpass the "heaven sent" goodness of a Giordano's pizza. So Lou Malnati's had it's work cut out for it.
The pizza took 30 minutes, as do any good deep dish pizzas (Giordano's actually takes 40 minutes because I always order the stuffed crust… drool, slobber…).
I was surprised how good the first bite was. My first thought, "Uh oh, Giordano's has some competition." Not that Lou's was better mind you, but definitely in the same league. The sauce was what really caught my attention. Perfectly spicy. One of the best I've ever had.
As I dug deeper into the pizza, I realized that I wasn't crazy about the crust. It's good, mind you. But it's no Giordano's.
In Lou's defense… it might be that I ordered the "butter crust." I'm not a big fan of Gino's East for that very reason. They literally have a yellow crust, very much like the buttery crust I tasted tonight at Lou's. Next time I'm in Chicago, I'm going to have to give Lou's a second chance, ordering the normal deep dish crust.
That was a great seminar yesterday and I thank you for coming up. One of the big things I cam away with was ideas for youth group (your use of music and the quiz), and ways to get my leaders involved. Thanks.


18 June 2012, Hong Kong – CBRE has been appointed as sole marketing and head agent for the sale of a new Grade A office building located at 135-137 Hoi BunRoad, Kowloon East. The property will be sold in vacant possession.
The property is prominently situated along the waterfront of Hoi Bun Road and commands a panoramic seaview of Victoria Harbour as well as overlooking the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal. It is only five minutes' walk from MTR Ngau Tau Kok Station and is easily accessible. The property is scheduled to be completed in mid-2013. It is a 25-storey building with a large typical floor plate of approximately 12,000 sq. ft. which can rarely be found in the district.
Recently, the HKSAR Government has launched the Central Business District 2 in Kowloon East, aiming to transform Kowloon East as another business hub. Over the past few years, both the office leasing and sales markets in Kowloon East remain very robust. With more new buildings under completion in the district, different kinds of companies have started to relocate there. According to CBRE Research, overall office rental growth in Kowloon East has surged by 34% in 2011.
Given that the overall office vacancy rate now stands at about 4.2% and new supply will be reduced to less than 1 million sq. ft. in each of the coming three years, office rents in that district are expected to be sustained.
For sales enquiries, please contact Mr. Stanley Wong, Senior Director of Investment Properties for CBRE (Tel: 2820 1425 or 9411 2848).


text:
Ficus palmata, de nombre común en inglés Punjab fig, es una de las numerosísimas especies del género Ficus, de la familia de las moráceas. Se localiza en diversas zonas de Asia y África, y también cultivado en jardines particulares como planta ornamental y en colecciones vegetales en Estados Unidos y países occidentales.

Historia
Según la monografía de Condit : «'Ficus pseudo-carica' Miq. Esta especie, autóctona de Eritrea y Abisinia, fue introducida en California por el Dr. F. Franceschi, de Santa Bárbara, en 1902; a veces designado como "Abyssinian Caprifig". Al igual que 'F. palmata', se ha utilizado para hibridar con 'F. carica'. Véanse Franceschi (1912), Rixford (1912, 1918a), Rixford y Heiny (1911), Trabut (1922) y Condit (1947, 1920a); el último con ilustración de frutos y hojas.»

Según Condit lo agrupa dentro del "Condit Group" de Cabrahigo con interior blanco y piel marrón o púrpura.

Esta variedad de higuera está cultivada en el NCGR, Davis (National Californian Germplasm Repository - Davis).

Descripción
Crecimiento arbóreo, desarrollo moderado (altura máxima 8-10 m).

Hojas ásperas y caducas de poca o ninguna forma lobulada; cordiforme o puntiaguda alargada en forma de corazón, en algunas subespecies ligeramente dentadas (caso muy raro en Moraceae), rugosa en la superficie dorsal, ligeramente peluda en la superficie ventral sobre todo en correspondencia con las costillas, dimensiones de aproximadamente 12-14 cm x 15-16 cm.

Distribución y hábitat
Si bien 'Ficus carica' es la higuera de la región mediterránea asiática - europea (Mar Negro y Mar Mediterráneo), 'F. palmata' es en cambio la de una zona más austral. La planta fue mucho menos seleccionada que la F. carica y, por lo tanto, no es muy conocida, al menos en Europa, en sus subespecies y variedades.

Aunque tiene el mismo polinizador Blastophaga psenes y se cree que está estrechamente relacionado con 'F. carica', las diferencias botánicas son apreciables e indican una evolución separada.

Crece espontáneamente en Sudán, el sur de Egipto, Etiopía, Somalia, Eritrea, Yemen, Arabia Saudita, Irak, Irán, Pakistán, India y Nepal (se le llama 'Punjab Fig').

Para la propagación de Ficus carica (cultivada o salvaje), los rangos de las dos especies en algunas regiones son cercanos o superpuestos (por ejemplo, en Sudán, Egipto, Jordania, Irán y Pakistán), por lo tanto, es posible la presencia de híbridos naturales en esas regiones.

Sin embargo, se han hecho híbridos hortícolas de las dos especies.

Las variedades naturales de la banda occidental (África y Arabia) tienen hojas más puntiagudas (acuminadas) y claramente menos ásperas o peludas.

Taxonomía
La especie tiene dos subespecies o, según algunos, variedades; La definición es difícil dado que la especie también tiene formas intermedias en áreas geográficas intermedias.

 Ficus palmata palmata, con hojas enteras, puntiagudas o ligeramente lobuladas, y claramente dentadas, presente en el suroeste de Arabia y regiones contiguas del este de África.
 Ficus palmata virgata, con hojas claramente en forma de corazón, generalizadas en el noreste de Arabia, en Irak, Irán, Pakistán e India en las regiones fronterizas con Pakistán hasta Nepal.

Sinonimia

Referencias

Bibliografía

 AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
 Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85: i-ix, 1-246.
 Berendsohn, W. G., A. K. Gruber & J. A. Monterrosa Salomón. 2012. Nova Silva Cuscatlanica. Árboles nativos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte 2: Angiospermae – Familias M a P y Pteridophyta. Englera 29(2): 1-300.
 Breedlove, D. E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Floríst. México 4: i-v, 1-246.
 Correa A., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.
 Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2014. Saururaceae a Zygophyllaceae. 2(3): ined. En G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
 Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 1997. «Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae.» Fl. N. Amer. 3: i-xxiii, 1-590.
 Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1-1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
 Holdridge, L. R. & L. J. Poveda Álvarez. 1975. Árboles Costa Rica 1: i-xiii, 1-546.
 Idárraga-Piedrahíta, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Fl. Antioquia: Cat. 2: 9-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
 Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Cat. Vasc. Pl. Ecuador, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Miss. Bot. Gard. 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

Enlaces externos

 Ficus carica en Árboles Ibéricos.

palmata

Plantas medicinales
Plantas descritas en 1775
Cultivos originarios de África
Cultivos originarios de Asia

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text:
Articles, Critiques | Reviews, Dossiers spéciaux | Special issues, Fantasy, Science-Fiction
The Ink Magician: Ursula K. Le Guin and Her Story Explained in "Worlds of Ursula K. Le Guin"
ImaginAtlas
By Jiyong Kim, with the help of Kate Sheckler
Ursula K. Le Guin was a brilliant writer whose sentences string together to form something magical. The documentary, Worlds of Ursula K. Le Guin, presents Le Guin as a literary "wizard," performing magic tricks that involve a pen, paper, and creativity. In the film, Le Guin agrees that writing is like doing magic as she explains, "[…] I do magic. I do makeup things that didn't exist before by naming them. I call it, 'Earthsea', and there it is." Le Guin's sci-fi and fantasy novels have gotten so much love and recognition from readers and writers, they have won her awards such as the Hugo Award and Nebula Award which are the highest honor one can receive as a sci-fi writer. Le Guin's inventiveness and her love of writing are undeniably displayed in her books, but the history behind her success and creativity is equally interesting, as explains the documentary Worlds of Ursula K. Le Guin.
Le Guin's sister-in-law, Jean T. Kroeber, describes Le Guin as a natural born writer; who is very intelligent and always passionate about, not only her writing, but also, the human rights issues that show up in that writing : "She couldn't see herself as a science fiction writer. She wanted to write imaginatively about what interested her." Even though her talent was notable to those around her, at the beginning of her career as a writer, things didn't work out so easily for her. Le Guin was a writer at the time when writers were macho and masculine under the influence of Ernest Hemingway; consequently, because of her gender, Le Guin had trouble publishing. According to Annalee Newitz, an editor-at-large, as a writer under this trend of masculinity, Le Guin was influenced to write her science fiction novels from the perspective of heroic men, just as other science fiction writers were doing at the time. After publishing a few novels of the Hainish Cycle that got some attention, it was in 1968 when a publisher requested Le Guin write a young adult novel.
In Worlds of Ursula K. Le Guin, Le Guin says she made up imaginary islands and named them in order to start thinking about what would actually be happening on those islands. This led to a story of wizards and the magical power of words: The Earthsea series. In the film, Neil Gaiman, an important writer of science fiction, who is also well known for his comic The Sandman, tells the audience how big of a deal Earthsea was and is, making the enormous statement, "I don't think Harry Potter could have existed without Earthsea having existed. That was the original, the finest, and the best." After Le Guin's first Earthsea book went well, she published sequels: The Tombs of Atuan, The Farthest Shore, Tehanu, and The Other Wind, all of which she talks about in the documentary.
Phillips, a biographer, describes Le Guin as a very hard working writer with a very strong will, saying that she managed to work all the time while raising her children. Le Guin was also a feminist, and she did try to express the idea of feminism in her early works but was criticized for not being able to completely engage with the idea. In The Left Hand of Darkness, she asked herself about the fundamental difference between men and women, and she tried to find an answer to this by inventing a new race of people who are isolated from other societies and are consequently unaware of their difference (they become sexually active once a month as either a man or woman). Theodora Goss, an author interviewed in the film, says that "The Left Hand of Darkness" was a feminist novel but explains how some feminist fiction writers and critics felt Le Guin didn't go "[…] quite far enough." Le Guin herself said, when she first heard this response, that she felt defensive, but she soon accepted the critiques and studied feminism, reading other female writers' books, which led her to adapt as a writer becoming an even better writer then before.
Many authors and editors from this documentary describe Le Guin as a great mind who explored important questions of our society. About her short story, "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas," Le Guin said that she wanted the readers to consider the following thought: to where would humans walk away in order to escape from injustice? In The Dispossessed, she tried to go much deeper into this question by considering what a utopian society would look like. Le Guin said about the book, "This was a late 60's. People were asking what might a perfect society look like. The society that was not based on oppression. Thinking about that question brought me to non-violent anarchism. I think anarchist thinking is one of those profoundly radical ways of thinking that is very fruitful, very generative." The documentary presents The Dispossessed as very intellectual and artfully written, and the world of 1975 agreed because The Dispossessed was the winner of both the Nebula and the Hugo in that year.
Le Guin's contribution to science fiction is huge. She introduced new scientific and cultural aspects to the genre. She also started doing conferences and lots of public speaking related to SF, which helped in creating a community of writers and readers of science fiction. As well, Le Guin wrote in many genres, and all her work has contributed to the literary world. Le Guin's impressive reputation is made clear in Neil Gaiman's statement, "I was there giving her [Le Guin] the medal for literature which was one of the hugest honors of my life."
The documentary contains Ursula K. Le Guin's thoughts about her life, her books and the many important things that she has done. Many authors have commented on how the world has reacted to Le Guin's work as well as their own reactions to Le Guin's footprint. The film also shows the audience the life of Ursula K. Le Guin as a regular person, which Le Guin's fans may find pleasing. The opinions of other writers and Le Guin's interviews made it possible for me to see how unique a writer and person Le Guin was. Whether or not the audience has read her work, they will be able to understand that her work has been and still is meaningful; they will be able to appreciate her work. For Le Guin fans, this documentary is absolutely something one can't miss. For those who haven't read Le Guin, this documentary will spark your interest. I believe this documentary has succeeded in its task of communicating Le Guin's marvelous legacy.
Revision : Olivia Mendelson
Documentaire Documentary English Fantasy Science-fiction SF Ursula K. Le Guin Worlds of Ursula K. Le Guin
Le nom du monde est forêt par Ursula K. Le Guin : allégorie et critique sociale dans la science-fiction
Un voyage à Terremer – A Trip to Earthsea
Articles, Discussions, Dossiers spéciaux | Special issues, Science-Fiction
Les Dépossédés par Ursula K. Le Guin: A novel where worlds clash
Articles, Dossiers spéciaux | Special issues, Essais | Essays, Science-Fiction
"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" : A Strange Journey
Articles, Critiques | Reviews, Dossiers spéciaux | Special issues, Science-Fiction
Le courage d'aller à la rencontre des autres
Articles, Critiques | Reviews, Dossiers spéciaux | Special issues, Fantasy
The Gifts That Keep on Giving - Le cadeau d'une lecture fascinante
It really was a beautiful movie. I highly recommend it to people who haven't seen it yet!
Articles populaires | Popular Articles
Archives, Articles, Dossiers spéciaux | Special issues, Essais | Essays
Amatka par Karin Tidbeck : du réalisme magique classique dans une dystopie extraordinaire 21/12/2018
"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" : A Strange Journey 15/06/2019
Le courage d'aller à la rencontre des autres 15/06/2019
Les Dépossédés par Ursula K. Le Guin: A novel where worlds clash 15/06/2019
Actualité | Events, Articles, Out & About | Sorties culturelles
A Visit to Otakuthon 04/11/2019
A Visit to Otakuthon05/11/2019
The Ink Magician: Ursula K. Le Guin and Her Story Explained in "Worlds of Ursula K. Le Guin"17/06/2019
Les Contes de Terremer, vidés de leur charme17/06/2019
Je lèverais mon chapeau si la bourrasque ne l'avait pas déjà emporté26/02/2019
Entrevue avec les actrices Cherami Leigh et Amanda Miller (partie 1)27/01/2019
Nuage de mots-clés | Tag Cloud
Animation Bilingual Bilingue capt_cosplay Changing Planes cosplay costume Documentaire Documentary Dons Earthsea English Fantasy Français Gifts Godzilla Goro Miyazaki LaBolducCosplay La Main gauche de la nuit Le Dit d Aka Le nom du monde est forêt Les Dépossédés L Oeil du Héron Magic Magie Otakuthon Science-fiction SF Studio Ghibli Terremer The Dispossessed The Eye of the Heron The Lathe of Heaven The Left Hand of Darkness The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas The Telling Ursula K. Le Guin Vaster than Empires and More Slow Worlds of Ursula K. Le Guin

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text:
RIA Novosti website group:
en.rian.ru
R-sport
Trial & Litigation
Corruption & Bribery
Court postpones bankruptcy case of Russian gas company
Tags: Bankruptcy, Gazprom, Russia, Irkutsk
IRKUTSK, October 18 - RAPSI. A court has postponed until October 25 the bankruptcy case of RUSIA Petroleum, the former license holder for the Kovyktinskoye gas field, RIA Novosti reported on Tuesday.
Gazprom purchased RUSIA's property at an auction in March 2011 for 25.8 billion rubles ($839.4 million) and obtained the rights to develop the field.
Rosnedra reissued the license for Gazprom on September 30.
RUSIA's major creditors were Rizben Enterprises Ltd., a subsidiary of TNK-BP, and the Federal Tax Service.
The Irkutsk Regional Commercial Court started hearing the bankruptcy administrator's report on the RUSIA's bankruptcy proceedings on Tuesday. The bankruptcy administrator said the company transferred on October 17 11.8 billion rubles ($384 million) to Rizben Enterprises Ltd. and 21 million rubles ($683,200) to the Social Insurance Fund. The payment was effected in eight tranches. The bankruptcy administrator also said RUSIA repaid its debt in full.
Meanwhile, the tax service's representative said the Social Insurance Fund has not received the money yet and requested to postpone the hearing.
The court scheduled the next hearing for October 25.
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No referendum required to amend Russia's Constitution – rights advocate
17:13 17/01/2020 The renewal of the Constitution proposed by Russia's President Vladimir Putin requires neither a referendum, nor convening of the Constitutional Assembly, a member of the Presidential Council of Human Rights Alexander Brod has stated.
Moscow court to hear case over $950 mln embezzlement in BTA Bank on January 31
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Liga MX's Apertura playoffs kicked off this week as the first leg of the quarterfinal stages took place on Wednesday and Thursday evening.
At this point, only Monterrey - who ended in first place in the regular season - has a clear advantage as the Rayados secured a precious 2-1 victory away from home against Atlas. Two goals from Rogelio Funes Mori (Ramiro's twin brother) were enough for the win, but more importantly Antonio "Turco" Mohamed's squad will be feeling confident as they head home for the second leg on Sunday.
Atlas, looking for its first league title since 1951, needs at least two goals to go through and will be looking for Rafael Marquez's leadership as they visit Monterrey. Marquez, who still can't enter the U.S due to sanctions for alleged drug trafficking ties and whose international career remains unclear, returned to action last month after Mexican authorities cleared him and was allowed to participate in domestic matches.
Meanwhile, Miguel Herrera's Club America tied 0-0 with Cruz Azul after finishing the game with nine players. It only took 30 minutes for Mateus Uribe to receive a straight red after a reckless challenge, while Edson Alvarez was given a second yellow in the 90th minute. Amazingly, America could have gotten something out of this game as Las Águilas were awarded a penalty shortly after Uribe's red card, but Oribe Peralta's attempt was saved by Jesus Corona.
Despite the result, Cruz Azul should be feeling confident as la Máquina dominated the first leg. The team wants to make the most out of the playoffs as this is a return in the postseason for the first time since 2014.
Elsewhere, Eduardo Vargas made sure Tigres came away with something against Leon on Wednesday evening and gaining a precious away goal. Leon, however, has the season's top scorer Mauro Boselli and will be hoping he continues his great form as they head into the second leg.
Finally, Toluca achieved an incredible 2-1 comeback against Morelia at the Estadio Nemesio Diez on Wednesday. Two goals in stoppage time sealed the win after Morelia opened the scoring in the second half thanks to Raul Ruidíaz's penalty.
Much to play for this weekend. Here is the schedule for Saturday and Sunday.


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Ein Eisenbahngeschütz oder Schienengeschütz ist ein mobiles Geschütz, das auf einer Eisenbahn-Lafette montiert ist.

Bekannte deutsche Eisenbahngeschütze des Ersten und Zweiten Weltkriegs waren K 12 (Kaliber: 21 cm), Bruno (28 cm) und K 5 (E) (Leopold/Robert) (28 cm), Langer Max und Siegfried (38 cm).

Die Sondergeschütze Schwerer Gustav und Dora (80 cm) wurden offiziell als Eisenbahngeschütze bezeichnet, obwohl sie nicht "mobil" auf dem Eisenbahnnetz einsetzbar waren, sondern speziell gelegte kurze Gleisstrecken für den Auf- und Abbau und als Schießkurve benötigten.

Funktion
Eisenbahngeschütze waren in der Regel großkalibrige Kanonen mit hohen Reichweiten. Sie sollten massive Festungsanlagen zerstören und Bunker bekämpfen können, ein weiteres Einsatzfeld war der Beschuss von strategischen Zielen oder Bereitstellungen hinter der gegnerischen Frontlinie, die außerhalb der Reichweite der gewöhnlichen Feldartillerie lagen. Die Rohre der ersten Eisenbahngeschütze waren ursprünglich Schiffsgeschütze. Dies erklärt sich aus der unterschiedlichen Entwicklung der Geschütze bei Heer und Marine: Auf Schiffen installierte Geschütze konnten erheblich größer gebaut werden als solche, die im Gelände transportiert werden mussten. Beim Heer wurden generell nur lastenteilbare Geschütze genutzt – d. h., Geschütze, deren einzeln teilbare Baugruppen ein Höchstgewicht von 2.000 kg nicht überschritten, um sie auch im Pferdezug bewegen zu können. Auch Probleme der Bettung sorgten dafür, dass klassische Feldgeschütze nicht die Ausmaße von Seegeschützen annahmen.

Die größten Eisenbahngeschütze benötigten eine sehr lange Vorlaufzeit, bevor der erste Schuss am Einsatzort abgefeuert werden konnte. Teilweise mussten spezielle Gleise wie Schießkurven verlegt werden, oder das Geschütz war mit Gleisklauen auszurüsten, beziehungsweise wurden vor dem Einsatz spezielle Bettungen wie beispielsweise Kreuzbettungen oder Vögele-Drehscheiben errichtet. Diese Maßnahmen dienten in erster Linie der Vergrößerung des Seitenrichtbereiches der Eisenbahngeschütze, die ohne Unterstützung nicht beliebig zur Seite gerichtet werden konnten und der Aufnahme der immensen Rückstoßkräfte beim Abschuss.

Geschichte
Die Hochzeit der Eisenbahngeschütze war der Erste Weltkrieg mit den verhältnismäßig starren Frontlinien des Stellungskrieges und Materialschlachten.

Im Zweiten Weltkrieg waren diese Waffen veraltet, da ihre Aufgaben durch die Luftwaffe effizienter erfüllt werden konnten; da aber jedes größere Heer über sie verfügte, spielten sie dennoch eine gewisse Rolle. Auch Marschflugkörper wie die V1 und Boden-Boden-Raketen wie die V2 machten Eisenbahngeschütze obsolet.

Die Projekte P1500 "Monster" und P1000, selbstfahrende Versionen mit einem Gewicht von 1500 bzw. 1000 Tonnen, wurden Anfang 1943 von Rüstungsminister Albert Speer eingestellt.

Einsatzstaaten

Frankreich trieb die Entwicklung einer beweglichen Eisenbahnartillerie schon früh voran und erreichte auf diesem Gebiet während des Ersten Weltkrieges eine führende Stellung. Bei vielen französischen Eisenbahngeschützen wurde der Rückstoß beim Abfeuern durch das Zurücklaufen des gesamten Geschützes auf den Gleisen abgefangen (Schleiflafette). Ein Beispiel dafür war das Eisenbahngeschütz Canon de 320 mm mle 1870/93. Ein Großteil der 1940 im Dienst stehenden Geschütze wurde im Juni 1940 (Westfeldzug) von der Wehrmacht erbeutet und weiter verwendet.

Britische Unternehmen fertigten schwere Eisenbahngeschütze in Kalibern von 234 mm bis 343 mm, wobei hauptsächlich Marinerohre verwendet wurden (Beispiel: 305-mm-Eisenbahnhaubitze Mk V). Haupteinsatzgebiet war der Küstenschutz; die letzten drei 343-mm-Eisenbahngeschütze wurden dort 1947 ausgemustert.

Basierend auf dem Schiffsgeschütz 305-mm-L/52-Kanone M1907 der Kaiserlich-Russischen Marine wurde 1938 im Staatlichen Werk Nikolajewsk ein Eisenbahngeschütz namens TM-3-12 () entwickelt. Drei Stück wurden gebaut.

Die USA hatten bereits im Sezessionskrieg Erfahrungen mit Eisenbahngeschützen gemacht, so zum Beispiel während der Belagerung von Petersburg. Später griffen sie zunächst auf in Lizenz gebaute französische und britische Geschütze zurück; erst nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg gab es eigene Konstruktionen (254 bis 406 mm).

Das Kaiserlich Japanische Heer kaufte 1926 ein Kanonenrohr im Kaliber 24 cm vom französischen Unternehmen Schneider-Creusot und baute die übrigen Komponenten für das Eisenbahngeschütz in Japan zusammen. 1930 wurde das Typ 90 24-cm-Eisenbahngeschütz an die Truppe übergeben.

Italien, das 1915 die Seiten gewechselt hatte, verwendete im Ersten Weltkrieg zunächst französische Eisenbahngeschütze.
1917 kam das von Ansaldo gebaute Geschütz 381/40 zum Einsatz, von dem vier Stück gebaut wurden. Für den Bau wurden vier Schiffsgeschütze 381/40 Mod. 1914 verwendet,
die ursprünglich für das Schlachtschiff Cristoforo Colombo der Caracciolo-Klasse bestimmt waren.

Literatur

 Originalerscheinung:

 TM 9–463

Weblinks

 Wehrtechnik Museum:
 Wehrtechnik Museum:

Fußnoten

Schienenfahrzeugtechnik


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The job Lucinda is offering Az is actually a very special job. The job description can only be understood by those who deserve their position in life. Hopefully it won't turn his clothes invisible, though. It's one thing when eccentric monarchs walk around flashing their subjects, but no one wants to see it when it's a half-ogre doing it. Except maybe female half-ogres.
Err…hmm. I think that, if I had a point to begin with there, I kinda lost it.


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Kevin Portillo does one of his exercises before church on Sunday morning, massaging his cheek with a gloved hand.
He hooks an index finger into each side of his mouth and pulls gently upward. He puckers his face into a kiss, then opens wide into an O, trying to limber up his facial muscles. He practises both the Mona Lisa – slight, closed-lip – and a wide, toothy smile.
Kevin was born in New Jersey with a rare malignant vascular tumour, a kaposiform haemangioendothelioma, covering the left side of his face, squeezing shut his left eye and pushing his nose to the right. Immediately after his birth, doctors whisked him away to another hospital in another state – the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. His mother didn't see him again until he was eight days old.
Kevin Portillo does one of his exercises before church on Sunday morning, blowing up a surgical glove repeatedly.
The smile and what the smile means.
When the brain either reacts to a stimulus spontaneously or decides to form an expression intentionally, a message is sent out over the sixth and seventh cranial nerves. These branch across each side of the face from the eyebrows to the chin, connecting to a combination of muscles controlling the lips, nose, eyes and forehead.
The basic upward curving smile is achieved primarily by two pairs of zygomaticus muscles, major and minor. These connect the corners of the mouth to the temples, tugging lips upward – often accompanied, depending on the underlying emotions and thoughts, by the levator labii superioris, raising the upper lip, and other muscles of the face.
And as for the oft-cited folk wisdom about how it takes more muscles to frown than smile – the jury's still out, especially as different smiles require different numbers of muscles. However, one source suggests that a genuine smile takes about as many muscles as a frown (and that a particularly insincere kind of smile might take not much more than the pair of risorius muscles).
Just as this emoji expresses more than mere happiness – tears adding the ironic twist so popular online – smiles themselves can convey so much more than happiness. Interpreting their nuances is a challenge whether dealing with art history or interpersonal encounters or the cutting edge of artificial intelligence.
Kevin Portillo does one of his exercises in the bathroom of his home, blowing up a surgical glove repeatedly.
A 2016 study, published in the Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, questioned thousands of people in 44 cultures about sets of photographs of eight faces – four smiling, four not.
In most of these cultures, people deemed the smiling faces to be more honest than the non-smiling ones. This difference was huge in some countries, such as Switzerland, Australia and the Philippines, but small in others, such as Pakistan, Russia and France. And in a few countries, such as Iran, India and Zimbabwe, there was no trustworthiness benefit to smiling at all.
That attitude harks back to a very old view of smiling as being opposed to pious solemnity. There is exactly one smile in the Old Testament – Job, ironically – though in many passages faces are said to "shine", which could mean smiling or could mean heavenly radiance.
Eastern religions often use the smile to denote enlightenment. The literal name of the thousand-year-old Flower Sermon, which describes the origin of Zen Buddhism, is "Pick up flower, subtle smile". The Buddha and various religious figures were depicted with serene smiles, though the original Buddhist texts are as devoid of smiling as Western scripture. Jesus weeps but never smiles.
Sylvia Portillo's photos of Kevin when he was younger show his miraculous road to recovery.
Whether stunted due to the tumour or killed by the chemo, Kevin's seventh cranial nerve withered. That nerve originates at the brainstem then branches out across the face. It is susceptible not only to tumours, as in Kevin's case, but also to rare conditions such as Moebius syndrome, a congenital facial paralysis caused by missing or stunted cranial nerves. You can't smile, frown, or move your eyes from side to side.
Contrary to common modern perceptions, the ancients had surprisingly good teeth, for reasons that have nothing to do with dentistry. A CAT scan of 30 adult bodies recovered at Pompeii found they had "perfect teeth".
This was due to two factors: short lifespans – they didn't live long enough for their teeth to go bad – and, most importantly, lack of access to refined sugar, that great destroyer of dental health.
When piety was an overarching value, smiles were, well, frowned upon as the precursor of laughter, which was held in true disdain. Prior to the French Revolution, broad smiles in art were overwhelmingly the realm of the lewd, the drunk and the boisterous lower classes.
Photography, by capturing smiles, eventually helped popularise them. But the sitters in 19th-century photographs still rarely smiled, a neutral continence being both easier to hold over the long exposure necessary at the time and less likely to detract from the gravity of the occasion.
The Portillo family goes out for lunch after church. Kevin was born with a rare tumour covering half of his face which had to be removed. Despite an initially grim prognosis, he has grown into a churchgoing 13-year-old who loves soccer and video games. Now, with the help of surgery and physical therapy, he is perfecting his smile.
Once Kevin was able to eat food, go to school and enjoy usual childhood pastimes – he became passionate about soccer and playing the drums – he still felt the tremors of having a half-smile in a world solidly established upon "a cultural expectation of pearly perfection", as Richard Barnett writes in his book The Smile Stealers.
In most cases temporary, Bell's palsy generally slowly goes away as mysteriously as it arrives. Doctors suspect it is caused by a viral infection. There are also traumatic events – car wrecks, sporting accidents – that damage nerves and muscles in the face, plus congenital irregularities such as cleft palate.
After school on a Thursday afternoon, Kevin and Christopher Portillo play video games and do homework.
Sylvia Portillo at church on Sunday morning.
Kevin Portillo organises his homework before sitting down for dinner with his parents as his father, Luis, looks on.
Christopher Portillo holds on to his brother's shoulders as they wait for a table at a restaurant after church.
Kevin Portillo and his father, Luis, play music for the church service on Sunday morning.
The congregation sings along as Kevin Portillo and his father, Luis, play music for the church service on Sunday morning.
Kevin Portillo's shadow in the doorway of his home.
Kevin Portillo plays soccer with his little brother, Christopher.
Kevin Portillo does one of his exercises before church on Sunday morning, balancing a plastic fork between his lips.
Kevin Portillo does his facial exercises in the bathroom mirror.
Kevin Portillo and his friends play soccer in a park on Sunday afternoon after lunch.
Kevin Portillo and his little brother, Christopher, walk together to church on Sunday morning.
Photoshopping might work on Facebook. But fixing a smile bisected by nerve damage and subsequent muscle loss – Kevin couldn't move the muscles on the left side of his face, so they atrophied – is far more complicated. Sometimes, it requires multi-stage plastic surgery spread out over a year or more.
The newest, which has its roots in older techniques, is called a lengthening temporalis myoplasty – taking part of the broad band of muscle that powers the jaws and repurposing it to draw up the lips.
After school on a Thursday afternoon, Kevin Portillo poses for a portrait in front of his house.
At age ten, Kevin told his parents that he wanted to do what most people do without giving it a second thought. He knew it would be a long, painful, difficult procedure, but it was one he wanted to undergo.
The father of modern plastic surgery, Harold Gillies, reported in 1934 that restoring the ability to smile made patients' faces "feel much more comfortable". In addition, Gillies observed, "the psychological effect is also one of considerable value".
He observes his own infants closely, detecting in two their first smiles at six weeks, and earlier in the third. He comments how smiles do more than merely convey happiness, mentioning the "derisive or sardonic smile" and the "unnatural or false smile", and showing photos to see if his associates can read what they mean.
The scientific study of smiles finds differences in gender (generally, women smile more) and culture. Smiles are definitely communicative – people smile more when in public than they do when alone, and more when interacting with others than when not.
Scientists have shown that smiles are far easier to recognise than other expressions. What they don't know is why.
Kevin Portillo giggles during Sunday school.
"We can do really well recognising smiles," says Aleix Martinez, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Ohio State University and founder of its Computational Biology and Cognitive Science Lab.
"Why is that true? Nobody can answer that right now. We don't know. We really do not know. We have a classical experiment, where we showed images of facial expressions to people, but we showed them very rapidly… 10 milliseconds, 20 milliseconds.
Studies have shown that smiling faces are judged as more familiar than neutral ones. And it's not just us that can recognise smiles more easily. "This is true both for humans and for machines," says Martinez. Alibaba, China's answer to Amazon, launched its new facial recognition payment system called "Smile to Pay" in September 2017.
Although scientists have been studying smiles for about 150 years, they are still at the stage of trying to count and categorise types of smile among the millions of possible facial expressions.
Scientists such as Martinez theorise that smiles – as well as frowns and other facial expressions – are remnants of humanity's distant pre-linguistic heritage. Human language started developing as far back as 100,000 years ago, but our expressions reach back further still, even to before our origins as human beings.
In October 2015, Nguyen, who plays in a band, cranked up some rock music in the operating room at CHoP – he thinks it was probably something from the Smashing Pumpkins album Siamese Dream.
He began work by removing a section of sural nerve from Kevin's right ankle and attaching it to the working right side of his face, running it underneath his upper lip, to the paralysed left.
That growth took almost a year. The nerve fibres advanced about a millimetre a day (about 24,000 times slower than a snail).
In nerve grafts like this, many of the fibres don't make it across. This means that the nerve can lose the ability to transmit information – in a few cases, completely.
One morning in August 2016, he took a purple marker and wrote a "P" on Kevin's left temple and an "NP" on his right, for "paralysed" and "not paralysed", a common surgical precaution against the risk of cutting into the wrong side of a patient – easier than you might imagine, considering how much of a patient's body is draped before surgery.
The surgeon made an incision from the temporal hair line, in front of Kevin's left ear, then pivoting back under and behind it, extending into his neck – the standard location for hiding plastic surgery scars. The skin on a face peels back easily. He attached three sutures to the inside corner of Kevin's mouth and gently pulled, to gauge exactly where the muscle should be attached.
That done, Nguyen removed a 12-centimetre segment of gracilis muscle, along with a section of artery and vein, from the inside of Kevin's left thigh, as well as the obturator nerve. The muscle was secured in place by a customised splint that hooked into Kevin's mouth and was sewn to the side of his head to keep the relocated muscle from pulling out before it healed.
The section was taken from Kevin's thigh because the powerful upper leg is rich in muscles. "There are so many muscles that do the same function… you don't miss this," Nguyen says.
Kevin Portillo (centre) and his friends James Rivera (right) and Francisco Garcia (left) look at a video game in the back of the Portillos' car on the way to play soccer on Sunday afternoon.
They move into the next room, to a $20,000 Lenovo biometric therapy system. Field sticks a surface EMG – an oblong black sensor that reads electrical activity in the muscle – to Kevin's left cheek and he plays a video game, Load Ship, where he moves animated boxes from a conveyor on the screen by smiling and relaxing.
Kevin Portillo and his mother, Sylvia, listen to the sermon at their church on Sunday morning.
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHoP).
Facial Palsy UK's information on lengthening temporalis myoplasty.
Corrected the spelling of Dawn Shaw.


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text:
Pilot crashes glider in trees near strip
Local/Region Education Health Southwest Life Travel Nation & World
Texas man treated, released from Mercy
By Herald Staff Report
Monday, July 13, 2009 12:41 AM
Durango Fire & Rescue Authority personnel work at the scene where a glider went down near the landing strip for the Durango Soaring Club on Sunday.
NICK MANNING/Herald
A pilot was taken to the hospital Sunday after the glider he was flying went down in the trees near the landing strip for the Durango Soaring Club.
Durango Fire & Rescue Authority Capt. Lou Vito said calls came in about 3 p.m. that a glider had gone down in the trees.
Vito said "minor extrication" was needed to get the pilot out of the glider, which suffered damage to the nose and wings when it came to rest in a stand of trees just south of the landing strip.
Vito said the pilot was conscious and talking and appeared to be in good condition but was transported to the hospital.
Vito did not have details about the crash or the pilot's name.
The glider is registered to Anthony Zaremba of Brenham, Texas. Beverly St. Clair, spokeswoman for the glider club, said she did not have details about the crash. She said Zaremba was in a private plane and was not among the pilots that provide rides for a fee at the club.
David Bruzzese, spokesman for Mercy Regional Medical Center, said Zaremba was treated and released Sunday evening.
kburford@durangoherald.com
Recent Local News
Wolf Creek Pass reopens after blizzard conditions


text:
Гарегін I (1932—1999) — Верховний Патріарх і Католікос всіх вірмен, першоієрарх Вірменської Апостольської Церкви (1995—1999).
 Гарегін II (* 1951) — 132-й Верховний Патріарх і Католікос всіх вірмен, першоієрарх Вірменської Апостольської Церкви з 27 жовтня 1999 року.
 Арутюнов Гарегін Рафаелович (* 1964) — український політик. Колишній народний депутат України.
 Гарегін Нжде (1886—1955) — герой вірменського національно-визвольного руху початку XX століття, військовий і державний діяч.

 Гарегін Нжде Храпарак — станція Єреванського метрополітену.


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Home Events STGCC and GGXP announce a weekend of magic and mayhem with LEGO...
STGCC and GGXP announce a weekend of magic and mayhem with LEGO Harry Potter, Voltron and the World Electronic Sports Games
The Mistress
Singapore, 2nd August 2018 - Singapore's largest pop culture convention will be bustling with activity-thanks to LEGO's exclusive remarkable brick displays and assembling competition, GGXP's intensive esports tournaments and guest appearances featuring creators from the world of comics, cartoons and anime.
LEGO activities at STGCC
It's a pop culture party at STGCC, with LEGO bringing a suite of beloved characters including Voltron and Harry Potter to the two-day extravaganza.
What's more, exciting collections for the two franchises will be debuting at the convention this year, giving fans a chance to interact with their favourite figurines.
Voltron: Defender of the Universe
Top-rated children's show Voltron: Defender of the Universe will be unleashing its mighty powers at STGCC's LEGO zone. An American remake of the cult Japanese original, Voltron: Defender of the Universe is the story of a group of enterprising cosmonauts who traverse the universe in a gigantic robotic structure of the same name.
Five interactive Voltron-themed lion figurines that transform into robotic lions will be unveiled to the audience at STGCC. Fans can also expect episodes of the series to be streamed on large screens for an immersive experience.
Whether they belong to Team Lion Force or Team Voltron Vehicle Force, Voltron fans can enjoy getting their hands dirty with a hands-on building experience with LEGO bricks. Lovers of LEGO and Voltron looking to show off their skills will have a chance to prove their expertise at the Speed Building Challenge, where a full-size Voltron model must be assembled with LEGO bricks within a specified time limit. The winner gets to walk away with a limited-edition autographed LEGO Voltron set.
Fans not keen on competing can still get to have a good time at the FUN Hands on Building Area where people can build their own version of Voltron figures at their own pace and marvel at the intricate displays made solely from LEGO bricks.
The man of the hour, Voltron – Defender Of The Universe's designer Leandro Tayag, will be making a special appearance at STGCC to sign Voltron merchandise for fans. An avid collector of toys and figurines himself, the software architect is a part of the LEGO Ideas 10K Club, a collective which allows creators to conceptualise and create figurines and projects made from LEGO bricks.
The Harry Potter Universe
Harry Potter fans who never got their Hogwarts acceptance letters can now revisit the sprawling campus constructed entirely from LEGO bricks at STGCC. The Harry Potter Hogwarts Castle which officially launches on 1st September, consists of a whopping 6,000 LEGO bricks, and will be available in limited quantity at STGCC.
Woven into this mystical architecture is a massive interactive diorama consisting of minifigures and micro figures from the Harry Potter universe. Dementors will make appearances, so fans are advised to have their protective Patronuses on the ready.
Both adults and children are cordially invited to revisit the magic of the franchise by using LEGO bricks to build their favourite Harry Potter characters, creatures, locations and artefacts.
On top of this, Harry Potter merchandise will be available onsite for purchase, including the Harry Potter brickheadz x Go Brick Me collections, which will allow people to construct their own renditions of the Chosen One and his companions using Brickheadz materials. They may then be photographed with their creations at the official Harry Potter backdrop, with the option to receive a hard copy of the picture.
Get Your Game On at GGXP with the most scintillating esports event of the year: World Electronic Sports Games
GGXP, also known as Good Gaming Experience, provides a stellar gaming experience for one and all.
Touted as the "Olympics of esports", the World Electronic Sports Games (WESG) supported by Alisports (Alibaba Group's sports branch) and local esports initiative Singapore's Cybersports & Online Gaming Association (SCOGA) is working with SEA organiser Agri Mind to host its Singapore qualifier at GGXP this year. Hardcore gaming athletes hungry for a taste of action will get to battle it out via games such as Counter Strike: Global Offensive, Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft, Dota 2, Starcraft II and Vainglory. Spectators can lend support to their favourite local esports teams as they fight for the chance to represent Singapore on the global esports stage.
Selected teams will go on to compete at the Regional Finals in Kuala Lumpur, and subsequently at the Global Finals in Shanghai. A prize pool of USD 5.5 million is at stake for winners. Registration for the qualifiers are now open at sea.wesg.com/registration
Dennis Ooi, Honorary Secretary of SCOGA said: "We're thrilled to be involved in STGCC this year to present the esports segment at GGXP. Gaming and esports are growing rapidly in the region, and we have faith that GGXP has what it takes to further elevate the local gaming scene."
Those feeling extra adventurous can try their luck at the trading card and table-top tournament sections. Thrilling trading card titles includes names such as Pokemon GO and Dragon Ball Super Card Game, while tabletop aficionados will find themselves spoilt for choice with titles such as Team Yankee, TANKS!, Warhammer and X-Wing: Miniatures.
Second line-up of guests announced
STGCC's guests are pop culture icons in their respective fields- some of them have worked on some of the biggest superhero projects of this generation (Black Panther, Avengers, X-Men), cartoons which have captivated the imaginations of audiences both young and old, while others have left a monumental impact on the world of anime. This year's line-up is a mixture of faces old and new-some guests who have attended previous editions of the conventions have decided to return because of their strong connections with fans and attendees.
Step into Agnes Garbowska's (CAN)'s magical universe, a self-confessed nerd who happens to be an artist for hit show My Little Pony. From toddlers to middle-aged adults alike, viewers cannot resist diving headfirst into the kaleidoscopic world of Twilight Sparkle, Pinky Pie, Rainbow Dash and other lovable characters from the show. Known for her whimsical watercolour aesthetic, Garbowska's other works include Grumpy Cat, Boo: the World's Cutest Dog, Transformers, Sonic Universe and Powerpuff Girls! In addition to her return, Agnes is also behind one of three unique STGCC official programme guides' comic variant cover designs this year.
Comic book writer and artist Frank Cho (US) returns to the convention for a second year. Cho, who is known for his depiction of buxom men and women in precise lines has worked on Shanna the She-Devil, Mighty Avengers and Hulk.
Arthur "Art" Adams (USA) first made waves in the comic book industry with Longshot, a Marvel mini-series. Spiderman, X-Men, Godzilla, Fantastic Four, Black Panther, Green Lantern, Hulk, The Avengers and Rocketeer have all been immortalised by Adams's intricate artistic style.
Illustrator and author Joyce Chin (USA) has lent her artistic abilities to several female superhero characters such as Red Sonja, Vampirella, Wynonna Earp, Purgatori, Moon Girl and Xena. Marvel and DC have both had the fortune of engaging her to work on X-Men, Hulk, Superman, Spider-man and Witchblade.
Anime fans will be delighted to know that veteran voice actress Kana Ueda (JAP) will be making her Southeast Asian debut at STGCC this year. Known for voicing prominent characters in popular anime series such as Rin Tohsaka (Fate Series), Hayate Yagami (Nanoha Series), Kana Ueda's prolific credentials make her unmissable.
Both AkaiRyusei (JAP) and TAM (JAP) are considered legends in the Japanese doujin music scene, and have contributed widely to several games and anime series. They will be bringing their versatile musical compositions to the convention.
STARS Girl Grand Prix is a Japanese idol competition where several girl groups compete for a chance to perform at STGCC. Winner of the competition Japanese girl group chuLa (JAP) will be bringing a taste of Harajuku to STGCC, with their energetic, high-speed music numbers and kawaii aesthetic.
Passes are now on sale online here and at Kinokuniya islandwide in Singapore.
Singapore Toy Game and Comic Convention
STGCC
STGCC 2018
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The Mistress - February 25, 2018


The last thing any homeowner wants is to come home and discover a major water leak or flood has damaged their home. If you're the victim of such a disaster, stop dwelling on "what if's" and start working toward a full recovery. Follow these steps for the most effective water damage restoration after a disaster strikes.
If a pipe leak or other plumbing issue is to blame for the water damage, shut off the main water supply immediately. It's important to make sure every capable person in your family knows where the shut off valve is and how to use it. If the water leak is from a toilet or washing machine, you can shut off the water supply by turning the valve on the wall directly behind the appliance.
In a major flood or catastrophic plumbing failure, it may be necessary to turn off the electricity and gas for the safety of you and your family. For a minor water leak, you can probably skip this step. Instead, you should simply shut down the electricity at the circuit breaker panel. Shut off power to all water-damaged rooms before you attempt to unplug or remove electrical devices there.
It is imperative that you call a professional restoration company immediately. It could mean the difference between restoring your home quickly to pre-loss condition or needing extensive and expensive reconstruction. Box fans and shop vacs only remove so much water. If moisture wicks up the walls and penetrates the subfloor, you could be left with hidden mold growth and permanent structural damage to your home. By acting within the first 24 to 48 hours of the water damage occurring, you can prevent permanent damage and reduce repair costs.
To help minimize further damage to your home and belongings, clean up as much pooled water as possible. Don't attempt to use a regular vacuum on wet carpet. A shop vacuum is appropriate, but check the manufacturer's instructions before powering it on. You can also soak up water with a mop or towels.
Encourage the carpet and walls to start drying as soon as possible by strategically placing fans around the room. Open the windows to let fresh, less humid air enter and further aid in the drying process.
Transfer furniture, clothing and other belongings outside. Place aluminum foil under the feet of furniture that's too cumbersome to lift out of the house to help prevent wood stain from bleeding into the wet carpet.
Remove area rugs as soon as possible to prevent the dye from staining hardwood and carpeted floors. Wipe down wood dressers and bookcases. Open wet books to speed up the drying process. Clean your clothing, bed linens, blankets and other textiles exposed to water as soon as possible to deter mold and bacteria growth.
In an attempt to save your carpet, you may be tempted to remove the tacks so you can roll it up and move it outside. The problem is that carpet tends to shrink when it dries out, meaning it won't fit anymore when you try to reinstall it. If the carpet remains tacked in place, shrinkage won't occur. Therefore, you should focus instead on drying your wall-to-wall carpet as fast as possible.
If the water damage was caused by a flood, snakes and rodents may seek refuge in your home, so watch out. Potentially dangerous debris such as nails, glass and wood splinters could be washed into your home, so never walk around barefoot while restoring your home from flood damage.
The sooner you file a claim, the faster you can receive financial help returning your home to normal. Make a list of the damaged items and take pictures. Don't throw anything away just yet, even if it's permanently damaged. An insurance claims adjuster may need to see the damaged items before your claim goes through.
Count on Rainbow International to perform Rapid Structural Drying techniques with state-of-the-art equipment and technology. Our goal is to take care of the nitty-gritty water damage restoration process so you can work on getting your life back in order. Contact us for a free water damage mitigation estimate today.


G.O.T.T. stands for Goal Setting, Organization, Time Management and Teamwork. The G.O.T.T. Game Plan is a character enrichment educational program that serves to enrich the lives of children and adolescents from grades 5-12. This five-part curriculum is designed to enhance the lives of at-risk youth in areas such as school, home, work and community. The components are Attitude, Goal Setting, Organization, Time Management and Teamwork.


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« Keynes v. Hawtrey on British Monetary Policy after Rejoining the Gold Standard
Remembering Armen Alchian »
Hawtrey v. Keynes on the Rate of Interest that Matters
Published March 31, 2013	expectations , fiscal policy , Hawtrey , J. R. Hicks , Keynes , monetary policy , monetary theory 7 Comments
Tags: Austrian Business-Cycle Theory, business cycles, rational expectations
In my previous post, I quoted Keynes's remark about the "stimulus and useful suggestion" he had received from Hawtrey and the "fundamental sympathy and agreement" that he felt with Hawtrey even though he nearly always disagreed with Hawtrey in detail. One important instance of such simultaneous agreement about principle and disagreement about detail involves their conflicting views about whether it is the short-run rate of interest (bank rate) or the long-run rate of interest (bond rate) that is mainly responsible for the fluctuations in investment that characterize business cycles, the fluctuations that monetary policy should therefore attempt to control.
Already in 1913 in his first work on monetary theory, Good and Bad Trade, Hawtrey had identified the short-term interest rate as the key causal variable in the business cycle, inasmuch as the holdings of inventories that traders want to hold are highly sensitive to the short-term interest rates at which traders borrow to finance those holdings. Increases in the desired inventories induce output increases by manufacturers, thereby generating increased incomes for workers and increased spending by consumers, further increasing the desired holding of stocks by traders. Reduced short-term interest rates, according to Hawtrey, initiated a cumulative process leading to a permanently higher level of nominal income and output. But Keynes disputed whether adjustments in the desired stocks held by traders were of sufficient size to account for the observed fluctuations in income and employment. Instead, Keynes argued, it was fluctuations in fixed-capital investment that accounted for the fluctuations in income and employment characteristic of business cycles. In his retrospective (1969) on the differences between Hawtrey and Keynes, J. R. Hicks observed that "there are large parts of the Treatise [on Money] which are a reply to Currency and Credit Hawtrey's 1919 book on monetary theory and business cycles. But despite their differences, Hicks emphasized that Hawtrey and Keynes
started from common ground, not only on the need for policy, but in agreement that the instrument of policy was the rate of interest, or "terms of credit," to be determined, directly or indirectly, by a Central Bank. But what rate of interest? It was Hawtrey's doctrine that the terms of bank lending had a direct eSect on the activity of trade and industry; traders, having more to pay for credit, would seek to reduce their stocks, being therefore less willing to buy and more willing to sell. Keynes, from the start (or at least from the time of the Treatise 1930) rejected this in his opinion too simple view. He substituted for it (or began by substituting for it) an alternative mechanism through the long rate of interest. A change in the terms of bank lending affected the long rate of interest, the terms on which business could raise long-term capital; only in this roundabout way would a change in the terms of bank lending affect the activity of industry.
I think we can now see, after all that has happened, and has been said, since 1930, that the trouble with both of these views (as they were presented, or at least as they were got over) was that the forces they purported to identify were not strong enough to bear the weight that was put upon them. This is what Keynes said about Hawtrey (I quote from the Treatise):
The whole emphasis is placed on one particular kind of investment, namely, investment by dealers and middlemen in liquid goods-to which a degree of sensitivity to changes in Bank Rate is attributed which certainly does not exist in fact…. [Hawtrey] relies exclusively on the increased costs of business resulting from dearer money. [He] admits that these additional costs will be too small materially to affect the manufacturer, but assumes without investigation that they do materially affect the trader…. Yet probably the question whether he is paying S or 6 per cent for the accommodation he receives from his banker influences the mind of the dealer very little more than it influences the mind of the manufacturer as compared with the current and prospective rate of take-off for the goods he deals in and his expectations as to their prospective price-movements. [Treatise on Money, v. I, pp. 193-95.]
Although Hicks did not do so, it is worth quoting the rest of Keynes's criticism of Hawtrey
The classical refutation of Hawtrey was given by Tooke in his examination of an argument very similar to Hawtrey's, put forward nearly a hundred years ago by Joseph Hume. Before the crisis of 1836-37 the partisans of the "currency theory" . . . considered the influence of the Bank of England on the price level only operated through the amount of its circulation; but in 1839 the new-fangled notion was invented that Bank-rate also had an independent influence through its effect on "speculation."
Keynes then quoted the following passage from Tooke:
There are, doubtless, persons, who, upon imperfect information, and upon insufficient grounds, or with too sanguine a view of contingencies in their favour, speculate improvidently; but their motive or inducement so to speculate is the opinion which, whether well or ill-founded, or whether upon their own view or upon the authority or example of other persons, they entertain the probability of an advance of price. It is not the mere facility of borrowing, or the difference between borrowing at 3 or at 6 percent that supplies the motive for purchasing, or even for selling. Few persons of the description here mentioned ever speculate but upon the confident expectation of an advance of price of at least 10 percent.
In his review of the Treatise, published in The Art of Central Banking, Hawtrey took note of this passage and Keynes's invocation of Tooke's comment on Joseph Hume.
This quotation from Tooke is entirely beside the point. My argument relates not to speculators . . . but to regular dealers or merchants. And as to these there is no evidence, in the following passage, that Tooke's view of the effects of a rise in the rate of interest did not differ very widely from that which I have advocated. In volume v. of his History of Prices (p. 584) he wrote:
Inasmuch as a higher than ordinary rate of interest supposes a contraction of credit, such goods as are held by means of a large proportion of borrowed capital may be forced for sale by a difficulty in obtaining banking accommodation, the measure of which difficulty is in the rate of discount and perhaps in the insufficiency of security. In this view, and in this view only, a rate of interest higher than ordinary may be said to have an influence in depressing prices.
Tooke here concentrates on the effect of a high rate of interest in hastening sales. I should lay more emphasis on delaying purchases. But at any rate he clearly recognizes the susceptibility to credit conditions of the regular dealers in commodities.
And Hicks, after quoting Keynes's criticism of Hawtrey's focus on the short-term interest, followed up with following observation about Keynes:
Granted, but could not very much the same be said of Keynes's own alternative mechanism? One has a feeling that in the years when he was designing the General Theory he was still clinging to it, for it is deeply embedded in the structure of his theory; yet one suspects that before the book left his hands it was already beginning to pass out. It has left a deep mark on the teaching of Keynesian economics, but a much less deep mark upon its practical influence. In the fight that ensued after the publication of the General Theory, it was quite clearly a casualty.
In other words, although Keynes in the Treatise believed that variation in the long-term interest rate could moderate business-cycle fluctuations by increasing or decreasing the amount of capital expenditure by business firms, Keynes in the General Theory was already advocating the direct control of spending through fiscal policy and minimizing the likely effectiveness of trying to control spending via the effect of monetary policy on the long-term interest rate. Hicks then goes on to observe that the most effective response to Keynes's view that monetary policy operates by way of its effect on the long-term rate of interest came from none other than Hawtrey.
It had taken him some time to mount his attack on Keynes's "modus operandi of Bank Rate" but when it came it was formidable. The empirical data which Keynes had used to support his thesis were derived from a short period only-the 1920's; and Hawtrey was able to show that it was only in the first half of that decade (when, in the immediate aftermath of the War, the long rate in England was for that time unusually volatile) that an effect of monetary policy on the long rate, sufficient to give substantial support yo Keynes's case, was at all readily detectable. Hawtrey took a much longer period. In A Century of Bank Rate which, in spite of the narrowness of its subject, seems to me to be one of his best books, he ploughed through the whole of the British experience from 1844 to the date of writing; and of any effect of Bank Rate (or of any short rate) upon the long rate of interest, sufficient to carry the weight of Keynes's argument, he found little trace.
On the whole I think that we may infer that Bank Rate and measures of credit restriction taken together rarely, if ever, affected the price of Consols by more than two or three points; whereas a variation of }4 percent in the long-term rate of interest would correspond to about four points in the price of a 3 percent stock.
Now a variation of even less than 1/8 per cent in the long-term rate of interest ought, theoretically and in the long run, to have a definite effect for what it is worth on the volume of capital outlay…. But there is in reality no close adjustment of prospective yield to the rate of interest. Most of the industrial projects offered for exploitation at any time promise yields ever so far above the rate of interest…. [They will not be adopted until] promoters are satisfied that the projects they take up will yield a commensurate profit, and the rate of interest calculated on money raised will probably be no more than a very moderate deduction from this profit. [A Century of Bank Rate pp. 170-71]
Hicks concludes that, as regards the effect of the rate of interest on investment and aggregate spending, Keynes and Hawtrey cancelled each other out, thereby clearing the path for fiscal policy to take over as the key policy instrument for macroeconomic stabilization, a conclusion that Hawtrey never accepted. But Hicks adds an interesting and very modern-sounding (even 40 years on) twist to his argument.
When I reviewed the General Theory, the explicit introduction of expectations was one of the things which I praised; but I have since come to feel that what Keynes gave with one hand, he took away with the other. Expectations do appear in the General Theory, but (in the main) they appear as data; as autonomous influences that come in from outside, not as elements that are moulded in the course of the process that is being analysed. . . .
I would maintain that in this respect Hawtrey is distinctly superior. In his analysis of the "psychological effect" of Bank Rate — it is not just a vague indication, it is analysis — he identifies an element which ought to come into any monetary theory, whether the mechanism with which it is concerned is Hawtrey's, or any other. . . .
What is essential, on Hawtrey's analysis, is that it should be possible (and should look as if it were possible) for the Central Bank to take decisive action. There is a world of difference . . . between action which is determinedly directed to imposing restraint, so that it gives the impression that if not effective in itself, it will be followed by further doses of the same medicine; and identically the same action which does not engender the same expectations. Identically the same action may be indecisive, if it appears to be no more than an adjustment to existing market conditions; or if the impression is given that it is the most that is politically possible. If conditions are such that gentle pressure can be exerted in a decisive manner, no more than gentle pressure will, as a rule, be required. But as soon as there is doubt about decisiveness, gentle pressure is useless; even what would otherwise be regarded as violent action may then be ineffective. [p. 313]
There is a term which was invented, and then spoiled, by Pigou . . . on which I am itching to get my hand; it is the term announcement effect. . . . I want to use the announcement effect of an act of policy to mean the change which takes place in people's minds, the change in the prospect which they think to be before them, before there is any change which expresses itself in transactions of any kind. It is the same as what Hawtrey calls "psychological effect"; but that is a bad term, for it suggests something irrational, and this is entirely rational. Expectations of the future (entirely rational expectations) [note Hicks's use of the term "rational expectations before Lucas or Sargent] are based upon the data that are available in the present. An act of policy (if it is what I have called a decisive action) is a significant addition to the data that are available; it should result, and should almost immediately result, in a shift in expectations. This is what I mean by an announcement effect.
What I learn from Hawtrey's analysis is that the "classical" Bank Rate system was strong, or could be strong, in its announcement effects. Fiscal policy, at least as so far practised, gets from this point of view much worse marks. It is not simply that it is slow, being subject to all sorts of parliamentary and administrative delays; made indecisive, merely because the gap between announcement and effective operation is liable to be so long. This is by no means its only defect. Its announcement effect is poor, for the very reason which is often claimed to be one of its merits its selectivity; for selectivity implies complexity and an instrument which is to have a strong announcement effect should, above all, be simple. [p. 315]
Just to conclude this rather long and perhaps rambling selection of quotes with a tangentially related observation, I will note that Hawtrey's criticism of Keynes's identification of the long-term interest rate as the key causal and policy variable for the analysis of business cycles applies with equal force to Austrian business-cycle theory, which, as far as I can tell, rarely, if ever, distinguishes between the effects of changes in short-term and long-term rates caused by monetary policy.
HT: Alan Gaukroger
7 Responses to "Hawtrey v. Keynes on the Rate of Interest that Matters"
1 nottrampis April 1, 2013 at 7:39 pm
Thank you David.
Thus far this 'series' has been very informative.
Obviously this is a highlight of the week.
2 Max April 3, 2013 at 4:47 am
That's a great quote you unearthed regarding "decisive action", as fresh and relevant as ever.
I would add that if a policy instrument involves escalating risk and uncertainty, its decisiveness is going to be poor. In my view this applies to both fiscal policy and Quantitative Easing. They are only decisive if applied recklessly.
3 David Glasner April 4, 2013 at 6:05 pm
nottrampis, Glad to hear that you are finding these posts interesting and useful.
Max, I think that I am a bit confused by your comment. First you say that a policy instrument is risky it is not going to be decisive. Then you say that fiscal policy and QE will be decisive only if applied recklessly. Aren't you being inconsistent?
4 Nathanael April 8, 2013 at 10:25 pm
Keynes is right on these questions, as far as reality goes. Perhaps he was the most empirical of the bunch. Hawtrey is right that short-term bank rates don't determine long-term rates, but Keynes is right that long-term rates drive the business cycle, not short-term rates — and he's right that "monetary policy" is deeply unimportant compared to "fiscal policy", and that fiscal policy is fundamentally superior.
Of course, every single person you've quoted has missed the absolutely crucial role of wealth distribution in macroeconomics. The marginal propensity to spend controls the velocity of money, and by ignoring this, most economists get pretty much everything entirely wrong….
5 David Glasner April 10, 2013 at 6:06 pm
Nathanael, Have you read a Century of Bank Rate? You are right, wealth distribution is generally ignored in macroeconomics. I am not convinced that it plays a crucial role.
6 M. Carr May 16, 2013 at 11:57 pm
Mr. Glasner,
I have always assumed that wealth distribution does play a somewhat important role in the macroeconomy because it could represent improper compensation for work. If, for a perfectly homogenous workforce, the workers' wage rates are not connected to their output, then there would be wide mismatch between investment and consumption, correct?
Now another way of putting it (It's 3 AM and I'm sure not all of this is comprehensible):
If, for the sake of argument I assume that wealth if disoriented upwards, that is to say, the gini coefficient is larger than equilibrium for an extended period of time. Wouldn't this mean consumption would depend largely upon a fortunate few whose marginal utility of each subsequent unit of income is so thoroughly small and already diminished that a large portion of this income would sit in a bank with little demand for investment?
7 David Glasner May 22, 2013 at 1:15 pm
M. Carr, I hope that I am not dodging your question by saying that the situation that you are describing could have a variety of unpleasant and economically inefficient consequences, but I don't see why any of them are of the type that normally concerns macroeconomic or monetary theorists. In other words, the equilibrium of such an economy would certainly be suboptimal, but how are the inefficient fluctuations in output and employment that are of macroeconomic concern generated by the mispricing of labor services?


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Q: Django : How to add/remove/update translation phrases (in po files) in django admin area? How can we manage translation phrases stored in local\fa\LC_MESSAGES\django.po files by Django Admin area ?
I am looking for a package which able to update and compile django translation files like updating models in django Admin area
I am using Django 1.10
edited for Mohsen's replay
I am exactly looking for package like this :
this image in designed in photoshop

A: Every content that exists in *.po files is not directly related to models, for example if you sets verbose_name of model field by django ugettext this content exist on the *.po file, but other thins such as template trans tag content also exist on these files.
You can use models translation apps such as django-modeltranslation to translate models on the admin but you cant translations that not used directly definitioned on the models fields.


I don't know if other writers of fiction have a similar experience, but I tend to have very detailed, very complex dreams. Generally I chalk it up to an extremely active imagination, without which there would be no fiction.
Everyone here, especially during the A to Z Challenge, is creative in some way…does this happen to people with creativity in a different direction? Do some of you writers never dream at all?
What strikes me about dreams is no matter how solid they feel, how firmly rooted in that reality I am while I sleep, when I wake up, it all flutters away to nothing.
Entire networks of people, established relationships, neighborhoods, tasks, vanish with the opening of an eye. Well, two eyes.
Fleeting has wistfulness built right into it; it's a monument to impermanence. That which was all-encompassing is, in the breath between seconds, gone.
Sometimes it surprises me, when it all melts away, and here I am, still me, and those people never existed at all. Like characters I didn't have to create, I didn't have to shape or round.
Though my characters kind of do that themselves too, so it might be a bit of a theme with me. What do I know, I just live here.
Still, there's something so engaging in it, tantalizing when nothing but snippets remain.
YES!! And I have those great ideas and even though it's happened a million times before I think I'll remember it and of course I never do.
Maybe you can do a voice memo while running?!
Dream worlds are interesting. Sometimes you want to stay forever and never wake up, other times you wake up shuddering with relief, glad that you are no longer trapped. But the same thing always happens, they vanish with the bright morning sun. Fleeting wisps, soon forgotten. Excellent post.
Thanks! Yes, exactly that, all of it. I've definitely had some recently I was very relieved to leave; this morning, I was more along the lines of confused, but so go mornings!
I didn't have any dream recall for years, something to do with a deficiency in one of the B vitamins. But it's back now. When I'm pantsing, there's no dreaming of my stories. But not that I'm planning, I'm dreaming about the story … in fact it's now part of my process. It's most odd.
That's really interesting on the B vitamins…maybe I should take a supplement and then not have to make anything up…let my subconscious do the work!
That's a really cool part of your process, I think!
I figured! 🙂 A lot of typing this month makes for a lot of typos! I'm making all kinds too.
"…it's a monument to impermanence…" I wonder f that's actually a tool for the imagination — a teaser, so to speak.
I definitely think it is, I think that our minds sometimes do their best work when we're not in charge!
I would hate to have my dreams analyzed. They are always so stupid. Sometimes I wake myself up laughing because even in my sleep I know it's stupid. Who could think such stuff when wide awake?
So true! Though I do think it's fantastic when we can amuse ourselves with what our minds come up with…those are sometimes the best!
My dreams would never make good stories except the ones that slip away. Just as you said.
I've had few with a plot. But sometimes there are little ideas that can be helpful, I think. Or as Ally said, the mood can be inspirational.
Details in my dreams are fleeting, but the feeling I have after the dream remains. I use that feeling as a writing prompt– or not.
It's interesting how that mood stays more than the details. Although sometimes when you get a flash of the details, it can really be a "Huh?" moment. Those can be useful too.
Thanks so much! Isn't it remarkable? Something so impermanent can feel so lasting.


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By Nicholas Tanaka
Film review: 'The Joy Luck Club'
A Millennial Lens
Buena Vista Pictures
"The Joy Luck Club" is a 1993 American dramatic film, directed by Wayne Wang and based on the 1989 novel by Amy Tan.
This is a film about familial love and the things mothers will do for their daughters. The framing device of the film is a going away party for June. The characters remember and contemplate their relationships with their mothers and daughters.
The cinematography in this film, more than the others I've reviewed, is more motivated. Early on, there is empty space where a dead character should inhabit and the daughter of the character finds herself filling this spot on a few occasions. I wish the film fell more into this style but doesn't quite get to that point. That isn't why you'd watch this film, however. This film is all about the characters.
The mothers all experienced objectification and degradation to an awful degree. Their abuses from men are immense. The film works well as a cautionary tale about what types of men to avoid. I won't go into detail about the many abuses these women face as they aren't appropriate for this review.
All of the mothers survive their time in China and decide to move to America. Their goal is to raise children in America so they may never face these abuses.
The daughters were all raised with an amount of distance from their Asian heritage. It isn't absent from their lives, but they are very much distant from their ethnic identity. This is by design. In the opening narration, one of the mothers says her daughter will speak fluent English and she hopes for her daughter to integrate into American ways and never have to "swallow misery." All of the daughters have English names like June, Waverly, Rose and Lena. I can corroborate this tactic. My father and uncle were born in Japan but their names are Arthur and Edward instead of Hiroshi or Shiro.
The film also explores the idea of the stereotypical high expectations of Asian parents, whether that generation imposed that on them or not. There is a rivalry between two of the families about who can produce the best prodigy. This leads to both daughters hating their given crafts and creates a wedge between the mothers and daughters. This wedge is resolved when the mothers and daughters see each other for what their goals truly are.
In many parts of the film the phrase "swallowing misery" is used. Two of the daughters do everything they can to make their husbands happy. In the process, they sacrifice what makes them happy.