text:
A Pitch For Ballpark History
April 1, 2018 / Dick Kreck / Arts/Culture, Community Organization, Denver News, History, Sports / No Comments
The author goes back in time in the museum's area devoted to Wrigley Field and the Chicago Cubs. The Cubs pinball game in the foreground is one of the museum's treasured acquisitions. A miniature reproduction of Wrigley's famed hand-operated scoreboard dominates the room, which includes the home team's on-deck batting circle.
Bruce Hellerstein stands at the door of The National Ballpark Museum located on Blake St., a block west of Coors Field. A Rockies game and visit to this treasure trove of memorabilia would satisfy the most baseball-hungry fan.
When I walked through the front door of the National Ballpark Museum I was instantly transported to the days when I was a 14-year-old baseball fanatic, rushing down to the local drugstore to buy a copy of Street & Smith's pre-season magazine, to hours spent playing the table-top baseball game APBA (motto: "Say App-bah"), to my misplaced fixation on memorizing the starting lineups of all sixteen major-league teams.
It's Bruce Hellerstein's fault. Known to one and all as "B," Hellerstein is creator and curator of the museum, housed in a storefront at 1940 Blake Street, a long fly ball from Coors Field. The CPA is a certified baseball nut (he once constructed a miniature field in his backyard), but his real passion is old ballparks, like Crosley Field in Cincinnati, Wrigley Field and Comiskey Park in Chicago, and the Polo Grounds in New York City.
"This is what I tell people in the museum," he said, enthusiastically launching into his favorite subject. "What they are seeing with these old-fashioned parks you will never, ever see them again because the league would never approve of them for all the different distances and having batting cages in the middle of centerfield (as at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh) or whatever it might be. They won't do it.
Stadiums, current and former, are the focus of the National Ballpark Museum near Coors Field. Hundreds of photographs, bricks from long-gone parks, turnstiles, signed baseballs, and other memorabilia fill several rooms. Chicago won the National League pennant in 1932, lost to the New York Yankees in the World Series, the one in which Babe Ruth is said to have called his home run in Game 3.
One of the reasons for the museum is people are seeing something they will never experience.
"When I was on the Coors Field design committee, I thought why not make centerfield like it was at the old Polo Grounds, make it 500 feet away and don't have your little garden out there, whatever. Baseball will not do that. Baseball can get really stuck in their ways and they're extremely conservative and don't like anything 'radical' like the old ballparks represented. So I tried to do the next best thing and put it in a museum."
To Hellerstein's knowledge no players have made the walk across Blake Street to the museum.
"The problem is that the players of today, most of them could care less about the history of the game. It's very sad but it is what it is. Today's ballplayers, the money drives most everything."
Stadiums, current and former, are the focus of the National Ballpark Museum near Coors Field. Hundreds of photographs, bricks from long-gone parks, turnstiles, signed baseballs, and other memorabilia fill several rooms. Chicago won the National League pennant in 1932, lost to the New York Yankees in the World Series, the one in which Babe Ruth is said to have called his home run in Game 3.Visitors enter Hellerstein's collection of thousands of bits of baseball history by passing through, not a metal detector, but an actual turnstile used at Shibe Park in Philadelphia in the 1900s. Inside, they'll find Don Drysdale's 1961 Los Angeles Dodgers road uniform, an exceedingly rare usher's cap from Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, dozens of signed balls, and an entire section devoted to the minor-league Denver Bears and Denver Zephyrs, predecessors to the Rockies.
I was delighted to see an area about Wrigley Field and the Chicago Cubs, where fans can look up at a small reproduction of the ballpark's famed hand-operated scoreboard, stand on a rubber on-deck circle with the Cubs logo, and sit on a section of actual bleacher seats. There's even a much-sought-after and
A baseball autographed by Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig.
working Cubs pinball game in one corner.
Ultimately, Hellerstein's hope is that the museum "conveys my love of baseball and ballparks, the passion, and conveying that this is our national pastime and that it's the greatest game ever played. They say history repeats itself. It doesn't. Are we going to have another Mona Lisa? No."
The National Ballpark Museum, 1940 Blake Street, is open from noon to 4:30pm Tuesdays through Fridays and 11am to 5pm Saturdays. Admission is $10 for adults; children under 12 are free. Call 303.974.5835 for information.


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text:
Mount Maloney is a mountain,  high, standing  north of Mount Alice Gade at the southeast side of Bowman Glacier, in the Queen Maud Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered and mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for John H. Maloney, Jr., a meteorologist with the South Pole Station winter party, 1960.

References

Mountains of the Ross Dependency
Amundsen Coast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Part of a series of articles on
Mother of Jesus
Presentation of Mary
Presentation of Jesus at the Temple
Finding in the Temple
Marian perspectives
Eastern Orthodox
Latter Day Saint
Catholic Mariology
History of Mariology
Papal teachings
Marian dogmas
Theotokos (Mother of God)
Perpetual virginity
Mary in culture
Specific holy days of the liturgical year recognized by Christians
Marian feast days are specific holy days of the liturgical year[disambiguation needed] recognized by Christians as significant Marian days for the celebration of events in the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary and her veneration. The number of Marian feasts celebrated, their names (and at times dates) can vary among Christian denominations.
1 History and development
1.1 Early history
1.2 Development of feasts
2 In the Catholic Church
3 In the Eastern Orthodox Church
4 In the Oriental Orthodox Church
5 In the Anglican Communion
6 In Lutheranism
History and development[edit]
Early history[edit]
The earliest feasts that relate to Mary grew out of the cycle of feasts that celebrated the Nativity of Jesus. Given that according to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 2:22–40), forty days after the birth of Jesus, along with the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple, Mary was purified according to Jewish customs, the Feast of the Purification began to be celebrated by the 5th century, and became the Feast of Simeon in Byzantium.[1]
The origin of Marian feasts is lost to history. Although there are references to specific Marian feasts introduced into the liturgies in later centuries, there are indications that Christians celebrated Mary very early on. Methodius, a bishop (died 311) from the 3rd and early 4th century, wrote:
And what shall I conceive, what shall I speak worthy of this day? I am struggling to reach the inaccessible, for the remembrance of this holy virgin far transcends all words of mine. Wherefore, since the greatness of the panegyric required completely puts to shame our limited powers, let us betake ourselves to that hymn which is not beyond our faculties, and boasting in our own unalterable defeat, let us join the rejoicing chorus of Christ's flock, who are keeping holy-day. ... We keep festival, not according to the vain customs of the Greek mythology; we keep a feast which brings with it no ridiculous or frenzied banqueting of the gods, but which teaches us the wondrous condescension to us men of the awful glory of Him who is God over all....Do thou, therefore, O lover of this festival...[2]
A separate feast for Mary, connected with the "Nativity of Jesus" cycle of feasts, originated in the 5th century, even perhaps before the First Council of Ephesus of 431. It seems certain that the sermon by Proclus before Nestorius (the Archbishop of Constantinople whose Nestorianism rejected the title of Theotokos) which began the controversy that led to the council was about a feast for the Virgin Mary.[1]
In the 7th and 8th centuries four more Marian feasts were established in the Eastern Church. Byzantine Emperor Maurice selected August 15 as the date of the feast of Dormition and Assumption. The feast of the Nativity of Mary was perhaps started in the first half of the 7th century in the Eastern Church. In the Western Church a feast dedicated to Mary, just before Christmas was celebrated in the Churches of Milan and Ravenna in Italy in the 7th century. The four Roman Marian feasts of Purification, Annunciation, Assumption and Nativity of Mary were gradually and sporadically introduced into England and by the 11th century were being celebrated there.[1]
Development of feasts[edit]
Over time, the number and nature of feasts (and the associated Titles of Mary) and the venerative practices that accompany them have varied a great deal among diverse Christian traditions. Overall, there are significantly more titles, feasts and venerative Marian practices among Roman Catholics than any other Christians traditions.[3]
Some differences in feasts originate from doctrinal issues – the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denominations and not others.[4][5] In his early years, Martin Luther used to celebrate the Feast of the Assumption, but towards the end of his life he stopped celebrating it.[6]
While the Western Catholics celebrate the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Mother of God, and may do so on August 28, if they follow the Julian calendar. The Eastern Orthodox also celebrate it as the Dormition of the Mother of God, one of their 12 Great Feasts. The Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates the Feast of Dormition not on a fixed date, but on the Sunday nearest August 15. Moreover, the practices apart from doctrinal differences also vary, e.g. for the Eastern Orthodox the feast is preceded by the 14-day Dormition Fast.
Feasts continue to be developed, e.g. the feast of the Queenship of Mary was declared in the 1954 in the papal encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam by pope Pius XII.[7] The initial ceremony for this feast involved the crowning of the Salus Populi Romani icon of the Virgin Mary in Rome by Pius XII as part of a procession in Rome, and is unique to Roman Catholics.[8]
Other differences in feasts relate to specific events that occurred in history. For instance, the Feast of Our Lady of Victory (later renamed Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary) was based on the 1571 victory of the Papal States against the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Lepanto, is hence unique to Roman Catholics.[9][10]
In the Catholic Church[edit]
Marian art is at times used to reflect Marian feasts. This statue of Our Lady of Sorrows in the hermitage church of Warfhuizen, the Netherlands, is dressed for the month of October.
General perspective
Mary, mother of Jesus
Specific views
Prayers and devotions
Catholic Marian veneration
Ecumenical views
Christianity portal
The most prominent Marian feast days in the General Roman Calendar are:[11]
January 1: Mary, the Holy Mother of God
February 2: Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary also known as Candlemas
March 25: The Annunciation of the Lord (it may be either moved to the day before Palm Sunday should this date be on Holy Week; or to the Monday after the second Sunday of Easter if this date falls on either Friday or Saturday of Holy Week or during Easter Week[12])
May 31: The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Monday after Pentecost: The Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of the Church
9 days after Corpus Christi: The Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary
August 15: The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
August 22: The Queenship of Mary
September 8: The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary also known as Marymas
September 15: Our Lady of Sorrows
October 7: Our Lady of the Rosary
November 21: The Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
December 8: The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Note: Solemnities and feasts are in bold face. Memorials are in regular face.
Optional Marian memorials in the General Roman Calendar are:
February 11: Our Lady of Lourdes
May 13: Our Lady of Fatima
July 16: Our Lady of Mount Carmel
August 5: Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Mary Major
September 12: The Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary
December 10: Our Lady of Loreto
December 12: Our Lady of Guadalupe
There are many more Marian commemorations celebrated in various localities, but not included in the General Roman Calendar.
During the month of May, May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary take place in many Catholic regions. There is no firm structure as to the content of a May devotion. It includes usually the singing of Marian anthems, readings from the Scriptures, a sermon or a presentation by local choirs. The whole rosary is prayed separately and is usually not a part of a Marian devotion, although Hail Marys are included. The devotion was promoted by the Jesuits and spread to Jesuit colleges and to the entire Latin Church and since that time it has been a regular feature of Catholic life.[13] Marian devotions may be held within the family, around a "May Altar" consisting of a table with a Marian picture decorated with many May flowers. The family would then pray together the rosary.[14] May devotions exist in the entire Latin church and since that time have been a regular feature of Catholic life.[15]
Traditionally, the month of October is "rosary month" in the Catholic Church, when the faithful are encouraged to pray the rosary if possible. Since 1571, Mary, Queen of the Holy Rosary, is venerated on October 7.[16] Pope Benedict XVI, following all his predecessors, also encourages the rosary during the month of October:
The month of October is dedicated to the Holy Rosary, the unique contemplative prayer through which, guided by the Lord's Heavenly Mother, we fix our gaze on the face of the Redeemer in order to be conformed to his joyful, light-filled, sorrowful and glorious mysteries. This ancient prayer is having a providential revival, thanks also to the example and teaching of the beloved Pope John Paul II. I invite you to reread his Apostolic Letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae and to put into practice its directions on the personal, family and community levels.[17]
In the Eastern Orthodox Church[edit]
Among the most prominent Marian feast days in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic liturgical calendars are:
February 2 Purification of the Most Holy Theotokos
March 25 Annunciation of the Theotokos
Fifth Saturday in Lent Saturday of the Akathist Hymn
Bright Friday Feast of the Mother of God, the Life-Giving Spring
August 15 Dormition of the Mother of God
September 8 Nativity of the Theotokos
October 1 Protection of Our Most Holy Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary
November 21 The Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple
December 9 Feast of the Conception of the Most Holy Theotokos
December 26 Synaxis of the Theotokos
Note: Feasts ranked among the twelve Great Feasts are in bold face. Minor feasts are in regular face.
In the Oriental Orthodox Church[edit]
In the Coptic Orthodox rite St. Mary is commemorated on the 21st of each Coptic month (Generally the 30th/31st of each Gregorian month).
January 22 Wedding at Cana
January 29 Dormition of Saint Mary, the Theotokos
April 2 Apparition of Saint Mary in the Church of Zeitoun
April 7 Annunciation of the Birth of Christ
May 9 Birth of Saint Mary
June 1 Entry of the Lord Christ into Egypt
June 28 Commemoration of the First Church for the Virgin Mary in the City of Philippi
August 13 Annunciation of the Birth of Saint Mary
August 22 Assumption of the Body of Saint Mary
December 13 Entrance of Saint Mary into the Temple at Jerusalem
In the Syriac Orthodox rite St. Mary is commemorated on the following 8 Major feast days:
January 15 Virgin Mary of the Sowing
March 25 Annunciation of the Virgin Mary
May 15 Feast of the Virgin Mary of the Harvest
August 15 Dormition and Assumption of the Virgin Mary
September 8 Nativity of the Virgin Mary
December 26 Glorification of the Mother of God
In the Malankara Orthodox church St. Mary is commemorated on the following feast days:
January 1Virgin Mary,Mother of God
August 15 Assumption of the Virgin Mary (preceded by 15 days of lent)
September 8 Nativity of the Virgin Mary(preceded by 8 days of lent)
In the Anglican Communion[edit]
In calendars throughout the Anglican Communion and Continuing Anglican churches, the following Marian feasts may be observed, although the practice of different provinces / churches varies wildly:[18]
February 2 Purification of the Blessed Virgin
February 11 Our Lady of Lourdes[19]
March 25 Annunciation of Our Saviour to the Blessed Virgin Mary (Lady Day)
May 1 Queen of Heaven
May 31 Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
August 15 The Blessed Virgin Mary or "The Falling Asleep of the Blessed Virgin Mary"
September 8 Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
October 15 Our Lady of Walsingham (Catholics feast on September 24, as of 2001)[20][21]
December 8 Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
In Lutheranism[edit]
Lutherans tend to de-emphasize the importance of Mary out of respect for the centrality of Jesus, yet many or all of the traditional medieval Marian days are retained. Due to disagreements about the perpetual virginity of Mary, many Lutherans avoid using the traditional title of "Blessed Virgin Mary" to preface the feasts or don't celebrate them, although many still retain the title and continue the observances (the Book of Concord also explicitly reaffirms the perpetual virginity of Mary in the Latin form of Martin Luther's Smalcald Articles, and suggests it strongly elsewhere in the German form). The following are Marian festivals celebrated within the Lutheran liturgical calendar:
February 2 Presentation of the Lord, usually referred to as "The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Presentation of Our Lord" together (sometimes the order of terms is switched for emphasis), also known as Candlemas
March 25 Annunciation of Our Lord
May 31 The Visitation of the Virgin Mary to Elizabeth
August 15 Mary, Mother of Our Lord (most refer to it simply as St. Mary's Day instead of the Assumption, and some prefer to call it the Dormition)[22][23][24]
September 8: The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary also known as Marymas (few observe this)
November 21: The Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (few observe this)
December 8: The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (although they almost never use the term "immaculate" and very few observe this due to its Roman Catholic association)
When Johann Sebastian Bach worked as Thomaskantor in Leipzig, three Marian feasts were observed for which he composed church cantatas:
February 2 Purification
March 25 Annunciation
July 2 Visitation
Titles of Mary
^ a b c The Cult of the Virgin Mary in Anglo-Saxon England by Mary Clayton 2003 ISBN 0-521-53115-2 pp. 26-37
^ Methodius, "Oration Concerning Simeon and Anna On the Day that They Met in the Temple"
^ Encyclopedia of Catholicism by Frank K. Flinn, J. Gordon Melton 2007 ISBN 0-8160-5455-X, pp. 443–444
^ Jackson, Gregory Lee, Catholic, Lutheran, Protestant: a doctrinal comparison. 1993 ISBN 978-0-615-16635-3 p. 254
^ Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Volume 3 2003 by Hans Joachim Hillerbrand ISBN 0-415-92472-3 p. 1174
^ Jackson, Gregory Lee. Catholic, Lutheran, Protestant: a doctrinal comparison. 1993 ISBN 978-0-615-16635-3 p. 249
^ Pope Pius XII, "Ad Caeli Reginam", October 11, 1954, Libreria Editrice Vaticana
^ Time Magazine, Nov 8th, 1954
^ EWTN on Battle of Lepanto (1571) [1]
^ Butler's Lives of the Saints by Alban Butler, Peter Doyle 1999 ISBN 0-86012-253-0 p. 222
^ Memorials of the Blessed Virgin Mary Archived 2008-05-15 at the Wayback Machine
^ The Vatican changes dates for 2008 feasts of St. Joseph, Annunciation, Singapore Catholic News, 24 August 2006
^ "Liturgical Year : Prayers : May Devotion: Blessed Virgin Mary".
^ de:Maiandacht
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-08. Retrieved 2014-01-07. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Angelus Message 10/2/05
^ Schroedel, Jenny The Everything Mary Book, 2006 ISBN 1-59337-713-4 p. 84
^ Forristal, Desmond (1963). "Anglicans in Lourdes". The Furrow. 14 (10): 651–654. JSTOR 27658624.
^ Anglican Walsingham shrine Archived 2016-09-12 at the Wayback Machine
^ Catholic Walsingham shrine Archived 2010-12-29 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Mary, Mother of Our Lord".
Comprehensive List of Marian Feasts
Joseph (husband)
Jesus (son)
Joachim (father)
Anne (mother)
Tradition: Early Life
Marriage to Joseph
In the Bible
Virginal motherhood
Nativity of Jesus
Presentation of Jesus
Return to Nazareth
Finding of Jesus in the Temple
Miracle at the Wedding at Cana
Passion of Jesus
Tradition: Later Life
Bilocation to St. James
Dormition
Queenship
Woman of the Apocalypse
Protoevangelium of James
Catholic churches
Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
Christotokos
Coredemptrix
Help of Christians
Life-giving Spring
Mediatrix (of all graces)
New Eve
Panagia
Our Lady of Navigators
Our Lady of Victory
Star of the Sea
Seat of Wisdom
Theotokos
Fátima prayers
Akathist
Maria mater gratiae
Three Hail Marys
Black Madonna
Golden Madonna of Essen
The Golden Virgin
Derzhavnaya
Eleusa
Theotokos of Vladimir
Hodegetria
Life of the Virgin
Saints Portal
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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec1:Introduction}

The future development of modern X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), $\gamma$-ray sources, fixed target, and collider experiments for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NP\&HEP), and a variety of other scientific, industrial, and medical applications, rely heavily on the ability to produce low emittance and high current CW electron beams \cite{Wang2016}. The development of reliable electron sources has been a major enabling technology for achieving such beams. The recent progress in the field of SRF photoinjectors have demonstrated a successful performance confirming that, indeed, the SRF environment and high quantum efficiency (high-QE) photocathodes are compatible and can produce high-brightness beams with low transverse emittances \cite{Petrushina2020}. Nevertheless, the nature of the photoinjector operation requires systematic cathode exchange, which puts the cleanliness of the photoinjector cavity at risk. A reliable \emph{in-situ} cavity restoration procedures can be of great importance when it comes to the cavity performance and maintenance.

A successful performance of an SRF photoinjector is a delicate balance of maintaining the good quality of operation for both the photocathodes and the cavity itself. The introduction of a photocathode into an SRF environment comes with a great risk of the cavity contamination by the particulates produced during the process of the cathode insertion/removal, and deposition of volatile or highly emissive compounds from the cathode (Cs, Na, K, etc.) onto the walls of the cavity during operation. Such contaminants create emission centers on the cavity surface and result in a significant cavity performance degradation caused by excessive production of \emph{dark current} and enhanced strength of \emph{multipacting} barriers.

\emph{Dark current} is an undesirable emission of electrons from the regions of high electric fields on the cavity surface caused by a particulate contamination. An excessive dark current results in an increased generation of X-rays, higher consumption of liquid He, and, possibly, quenching of the cavity. By aggravating the dark current, the presence of a photocathode within the cavity body increases the risk of the reduced operational accelerating voltage of the photoinjector, and subsequent degradation of the beam quality.

The resonant build-up of the secondary electrons within the cavity body---\emph{multipacting} (MP)---strongly depends on the Secondary Emission Yield (SEY) of the cavity wall material and is directly impacted by the presence of external contaminants. MP prevents the cavity from reaching operational voltage, causes local overheating of the cavity surface, and may result in the cavity quenching.

Both phenomena described above demonstrate an example of the damage to the cavity coming from the introduction of the photocathode into an SRF environment. On the other hand, if a cavity has a presence of strong MP barriers, the occurring electron bombardment can significantly damage the cathode surface and dramatically decrease the cathode lifetime. To address the issue of the inevitable contamination of the cavity walls, the reliable in-situ cavity restoration techniques must be developed. A variety of surface treatment techniques applicable for SRF cavities have been developed throughout the years, but their applications to the restoration of the SRF photoinjectors are still under investigation.

In this paper we present our experience with handling of the 113 MHz SRF photoinjector with a warm $\textrm{CsK}_{2}\textrm{Sb}$ cathode throughout several years of operation. We report the complications encountered throughout these years and the solutions that were found to overcome these challenges. First, we will provide a brief overview of a few major SRF cavity restoration techniques available to date in application to the SRF accelerating structures. We will then proceed by providing a description of the 113 MHz SRF gun cavity at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and its incredible performance in Section~\ref{sec:gun}. Section~\ref{sec:HeC} describes our experience in application of the He conditioning technique for restoration of the BNL SRF gun performance and reports on the progress achieved using this treatment.

\section{Cavity restoration techniques}
\label{sec:restorationTechniques}

With the variety of restoration techniques applicable for the SRF cavities, there are a few that currently stand out when it comes to the prevention of the field emission: High Power Processing (HPP), He processing and plasma treatment \cite{padamsee1998,berrutti2017plasma}. These methods are generally implemented as \emph{in-situ} restoration techniques and have demonstrated significant improvement in the cavity performance.

\textbf{CW RF processing or Cold Conditioning (CC)} technique is fairly straightforward and involves operation of the cavity in a CW mode for an extended period of time while monitoring the RF losses and X-ray radiation levels from the cavity. An RF conditioning in a sense is quite similar to a DC breakdown when an applied surface electric field causes an explosive event resulting in vaporization of a surface emitter. The event of an emitter explosion is accompanied by a rapid drop in the field emission current, RF losses, radiation activity, and results in an immediate improvement of the cavity performance that reaches higher operational voltage levels.

\textbf{High Power Processing (HPP)} is a natural second step in the cavity conditioning after the CC method has reached its limits. HPP involves pulsed operation of the cavity which is beneficial for the emitter vaporization due to the ability to achieve higher surface electric fields at a reduced power dissipation and liquid helium consumption compared to the CC.

\textbf{Helium Conditioning (HeC)} is usually performed at the operational cryogenic temperatures of the cavity by filling the cavity volume with pure He gas at pressures ranging from 10$^{-6}$ to 10$^{-5}$ Torr. Subsequent application of short high voltage RF pulses creates electric field at the surface of the dark current emitters above the critical level. When such high electric fields are applied to the impurity, the emitted burst of electrons ionizes the surrounding He gas, and He ions bombard the source and efficiently destroy such emitters.

\textbf{Plasma Treatment (PT)} of the SRF cavities is a relatively new method, and is actively pursued by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) team in application to the 1.3 GHz LCLS-II SRF cavities. PT is performed at room temperature and involves filling the cavity with a mixture of noble gases (such as Ne or Ar) and oxygen at pressures of 70-200 mTorr followed up with an ignition and sustenance of an RF discharge. A low percentage of oxygen is added to react with the hydrocarbons adsorbed on the cavity surface. The volatile byproducts are pumped out of the cavity and monitored with a Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA). Ne and O$_2$ are mixed before reaching the cavity and their ratio is controlled using an RGA. The \emph{in-situ} PT technique was developed mostly to mitigate hydrocarbon related field emission \cite{padamsee1998}. Starting from the SNS experience \cite{Doleans2016Ig,Doleans2016In} and using the new ignition method, PT has been applied to multiple 1.3 GHz cavities at FNAL and extended to using HOM (Higher Order Modes) couplers to ignite the glow discharge with only a few watts of RF power required \cite{berrutti2017plasma,berrutti2018update}. In multi-cell cavities, the plasma can be ignited one cell at a time using a superposition of HOMs.

When the appropriate restoration methods are applied, the performance of an SRF cavity can be significantly improved resulting in a higher achieved electric fields, lower consumption of liquid He, and lower radiation levels. The investigation of application of such methods to SRF photoinjectors is crucial for the advancement in the development of novel SRF electron sources.

\section{113~MHz SRF gun}
\label{sec:gun}

\begin{figure*}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure1_SRF_Gun_Assembly.png}
    \caption{Schematic of the CeC SRF gun assembly indicating the major system components.}
    \label{fig:SRFgunAssembly}
\end{figure*}

The 113 MHz SRF gun was built for the Coherent electron Cooling Proof of Principle (CeC PoP) \cite{litvinenko2009coherent} experiment at BNL, and is a VHF-type quarter-wave resonator (QWR) made of bulk Niobium. The gun operates at a very low frequency which provides the beneficial condition for photoelectrons to be generated at the peak of the accelerating field (10-20~MV/m at the photocathode surface). While the detailed design of the cavity body and its auxiliaries can be found in \cite{pinayev2020high,belomestnykh2015commissioning,brutus2013mechanical}, here we will limit the description only to a general system overview with the focus on the specifics of the cathode delivery system as it's critical for the purpose of this paper. The full assembly of the QWR cavity in the cryostat with its surroundings is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:SRFgunAssembly}. The cavity is maintained at 4~K and uses the liquid He (LiHe) from the refrigeration systems of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The green 532~nm laser light is transported to the cathode surface through the laser cross and the hollow fundamental power coupler (FPC) that serves two purposes---delivers power from the 4~kW solid-state amplifier to the cavity and acts as a frequency tuner. The room temperature hollow Cu-coated stainless steel stalk resides inside the 4~K SRF gun. The stalk has an impedance transformer and functions as a half-wave choke that is shorted outside the cryostat. The cathode is delivered inside the cavity through the stalk with the use of the magnetic cathode manipulator system. The cathode delivery system has three UHV arms used to transport the cathode pucks from a storage unit called ``garage'' into the cavity. The long manipulator arm delivers the cathode to the end of the stalk, where it is grounded to the stalk by the RF spring fingers (the details of the cathode and cathode manipulator end effector are illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:EndEffector}). Controlling the depth of the stalk insertion with respect to the cavity nose allows for the control of the primary beam focusing near the cathode surface, which significantly improves the beam quality at the exit of the gun.

The $\textrm{CsK}_{2}\textrm{Sb}$ photocathode material is deposited onto the polished surface of Mo puck using a dedicated cathode deposition system. The garage, equipped with mobile UHV ion and sublimation pumps, can be attached to the system via a load-lock, and can hold up to three photocathodes at a time. When it is detached, the garage is transported to RHIC tunnel, where it is connected to the gun's load-lock. After a brief bake-out, the cathodes can be transferred into the gun. Overall, the cathode exchange between the gun and the garage takes about 30 minutes.

The cavity was manufactured by Niowave, but has never achieved its design voltage of 2~MV due to the limitations during the production process. The routine CeC PoP operation requires the gun to deliver 1.25~MeV electron beams with a headroom of 200~kV, which was easily achievable. Overall, the cavity has shown an impeccable performance by sustaining CW operation during the CeC experimental runs (continuous use of the gun for 5-6 months each year). The early stages of operation were challenged by the presence of persistent low-level MP barriers, but the issue was methodically evaluated and successfully resolved resulting in complete elimination of MP as an obstacle for the cavity operation. The detailed description of our MP studies, and the dedicated start-up procedure developed to avoid the MP issue can be found in \cite{Petrushina2018}.

The cavity performance as a photoinjector has been rather impressive: the gun demonstrated the ability to deliver high-brightness electron bunches with low transverse emittances (e.g. 0.15~mm-mrad slice emittance for 100 pC, 400 ps bunches), and has also generated record high charges per bunch (up to 20~nC) \cite{Petrushina2020}. The cavity employs high quantum efficiency (QE) room temperature CsK$_{2}$Sb photocathodes, and has demonstrated the ability to maintain the cathode's QE of 3-4\% for several months of continuous operation \cite{Wang2021}.

\begin{figure*}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure2_Cathode_End_Effector.png}
    \caption{Detailed schematic of the cathode puck and cathode manipulator end effector assembly.}
    \label{fig:EndEffector}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure3_Cryostat_With_Pumps.png}
    \caption{Detailed view of the SRF gun cryostat with the critical vacuum components. The cathode insertion is on the right side of the schematic, and the FPC is on the left side. Here ip = ion pump; tc = thermal conductivity gauge, reads pressure from atmosphere to 1e-3 Torr; cc = cold cathode gauge, reads 1e-3 to 1e-11 Torr; sv = vacuum valve. }
    \label{fig:GunDewarValvesAndPumps}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure4_CeC_Vacuum_Schematic.pdf}
    \caption{Schematic of the clean He gas delivery system for the conditioning of the CeC SRF cavities.  Here ip = ion pump; tc = thermal conductivity gauge; cc = cold cathode gauge; sv = vacuum valve; NEG = non-evaporable getter pump; UHP = ultra high purity grade.}
    \label{fig:CeCValvesAndPumps}
\end{figure}

\section{He Conditioning in application to the BNL SRF gun}
\label{sec:HeC}

During the multiple years of the gun operation, we have learned that development of \emph{in-situ} methods of cavity performance restoration is crucial for the routine photoinjector maintenance. There are always multiple sources of possible SRF gun cavity contamination, including particulates generated by inserting and removing cathodes or those migrating from other parts of the vacuum system, which can result either in reduced performance of the SRF gun or even in loss of valuable piece of equipment. One of the successful methods that we have implemented for improving performance of our SRF gun is He conditioning (HeC). The system for HeC of the CeC SRF accelerator, designed and built by the BNL vacuum group, is shown in Figs.~\ref{fig:GunDewarValvesAndPumps} and \ref{fig:CeCValvesAndPumps}. Below we will discuss two cases when the HeC procedure was used in application to the BNL SRF gun and demonstrated a dramatic improvement in the cavity performance.

\subsection{He Conditioning: Case 1}

At the beginning  of the CeC experimental run 2021, the gun showed signs of significant performance degradation: rapid decay of the cathode quantum efficiency, appearance of new low-level multipacting barriers, increased radiation and LiHe consumption compared to the routine operation levels. These observations were then followed by the series of dramatic changes in the beam dynamics within the cavity. The measured axis of the beam propagation has shown a significant deviation from the straight path: the beam axis was tilted by 22~mrad horizontally indicating the corresponding tilt of the cathode surface (see \cite{petrushina2019measurements} for the detailed description of the gun axis measurement procedure). This fact was then confirmed by the direct observation of the asymmetry in the cathode placement within the cavity nose (see Fig.~\ref{fig:cathode_assym}). The reported behavior indicated a potential damage to the cathode delivery system and inevitable presence of the cavity surface contamination. Upon a detailed inspection, the damage to the cathode end effector was found to be the issue. When the puck was removed a close-up inspection found evidence that the manipulator had been damaged due to either poor or inattentive handling of the end effector or horizontal manipulator. As can be seen from Fig.~\ref{fig:RF_burn}, at least one of the RF spring fingers clearly showed a burn mark, which is the evidence that particulates were generated that may have escaped through the gap between the puck and the end effector registration surface.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \subfloat{
    \includegraphics[height=4cm,width=.49\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure5a_Cathode_Assymetry.png}}
    \hfill
    \subfloat{%
    \includegraphics[height=3cm,width=.49\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure5b_Cathode_Tilt.png}}
    \caption{(a) Cathode installed at the end of the cathode stalk. An asymmetric circular pattern can be seen here. (b) After the cathode was extracted from the gun, this image shows a gap that had opened up between the puck and the end effector.}
    \label{fig:cathode_assym}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \subfloat{
    \includegraphics[height=3cm,width=.49\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure6a_Burnt_RF_Finger.png}}
    \hfill
    \subfloat{%
    \includegraphics[height=3cm,width=.49\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure6b_Burnt_RF_Ring.png}}
    \caption{(a) Spring finger element. One of the fingers clearly shows a burn mark. (b) Shows the plastic deformation of the spring finger being ``pulled forward''.}
    \label{fig:RF_burn}
\end{figure}

After the unsuccessful attempts to bring the cavity to the regular operational state by using CC and HPP, it was decided to proceed with He conditioning. The He conditioning of the CeC gun cavity typically adheres to the following procedure. First, before the He is introduced into the cavity, with the He leak valve and all the surrounding valves of the CeC system closed and the cathode puck retracted, the gun voltage must be brought up well above multipacting levels, usually at a baseline of 700-750~kV. The protection mechanism for monitoring the cavity voltage is then enabled to prevent the cavity from falling into multipacting for a prolonged period of time. The implemented protocol is registering the cavity voltage, and once the level is detected to be below the multipacting threshold (usually below 400~kV), the cavity is immediately turned off. The pulsing with 10~Hz repetition and pulse width of 1-2 ms is then introduced on top of the baseline similar to one shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:HeCcase1}b. Once the pulsing event is set, the He leak valve is opened to introduce He into the cavity at a desired pressure level, typically in the range of 2-5$\times10^{-6}$~Torr. The conditioning procedure consists of a gradual increase of the peak cavity voltage that can be achieved through either increase of the pulse length of the pulsing event or increase of the baseline level. Since the increase of the baseline level requires higher LiHe consumption, the conditioning is usually performed by the adjustment of the pulse length of the pulsing event. One needs to gradually increase the pulse width in the steps of $\sim$0.5~ms, stay at each level for an extended period of time (10-15 mins) and simultaneously monitor the gun voltage behavior, radiation levels, mass flow of liquid He, pressure in the gun cavity, and gauges of the ion pumps providing the pressure levels of the He used for conditioning.  During the HeC, He and the loose debris are being constantly pumped out of the cavity by a turbo pump. The overall process of HeC is rather delicate and sudden increases of the applied power could result in interruption by the cavity machine protection system (MPS).  If the gun trips, the protection mechanism turns the cavity off, one must close the He leak valve and wait for the vacuum to recover to $\sim1\times10^{-7}$ Torr before turning the system back on.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure7a_CW_Case1.pdf}
    \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure7b_Pulsed_Case1.pdf}
    \caption{The highest achieved CW (a) and pulsed (b) cavity voltage after the first case of He conditioning.}
    \label{fig:HeCcase1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{Petrushina_Figure8_HeC_Case2.pdf}
    \caption{Gun voltage, pressure in the cavity and radiation levels during HeC.}
    \label{fig:HeCcase2}
\end{figure*}

After a couple of days of He conditioning, the cavity showed significant performance improvement: the gun reached the all-time highest voltage demonstrating 1.5~MV CW and 1.7~MV pulsed. The radiation level at the CeC operational level of 1.25~MV CW has also improved dramatically and reduced to $\sim$380 mR/hr with $\sim$2 g/sec LiHe consumption. Figure~\ref{fig:HeCcase1} shows the final test of the cavity operation in CW and pulsed modes after the completion of the He conditioning. The CW voltage limit is defined by the maximum available LiHe consumption of 8~g/sec. A quench-like limit occurs at 1.7 MV in pulsed mode as indicated by the steep drop of the cavity voltage in Fig.~\ref{fig:HeCcase1}b. The mechanism of capturing the cavity voltage when it falls below the MP level during the HeC pulsing procedure was implemented after this event, hence the appearance of the small spike in Fig.~\ref{fig:HeCcase1}b is an indication that the cavity wasn't turned off soon enough after the cavity tripped.

\subsection{He Conditioning: Case 2}

In February 2022, during a mundane cathode exchange, it was found that the cathode puck wasn't fully engaged with the end effector of the cathode manipulator once the old cathode was extracted. While attempting to insert a replacement cathode, an obstacle was encountered inside the cathode stalk that prevented the team from inserting the cathode, unless a significant adjustment of the horizontal angle of the insertion arm was applied. The cathode was installed, but the cavity demonstrated an immediate performance degradation: although the MP barriers were surpassed without an issue, the cavity would not be able to exceed 600 kV, showing significant amount of dark current in the cathode area and several spots of visibly glowing emitters. An attempt to clean the cavity by using traditional CW or high-power processing (HPP) was successful at first, but eventually resulted in a cavity trip followed by significantly aggravated MP levels, that were impossible to overcome. The cathode was extracted, and after several attempts of HPP, it was decided to switch to HeC. Within the course of a few days, we performed HeC, and studied in detail how the amount of the delivered He affects the cleaning process. The evolution of the cavity voltage and respective cavity pressure and radiation levels are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:HeCcase2}. The same procedure as in the previous case was applied, but the He pressure levels were adjusted in the range between 2$\times 10^{-6}$ to 6$\times 10^{-6}$ Torr based on the cavity behavior. Overall, HeC procedure was highly successful and resulted not only in the complete cavity recovery, but also in an all-time low X-ray radiation from the cavity ($\sim$250 mR/hr, compared to $\sim$380 mR/hr before the incident and $\sim$750 mR/hr right after the incident) at the operational voltage of 1.25 MV.

\section{Conclusions}

The development of cavity restoration techniques in application to the SRF photoinjectors is highly valuable for the future development and maintenance of the SRF electron sources. On the example of the BNL SRF photogun we have proven that He conditioning technique is highly successful in restoration of the cavity performance and allows to effectively remove contamination, reduce LiHe consumption and radiation levels, resulting in the improved perfromance of the gun cavity.

\begin{acknowledgments}
Work is supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DEAC0298CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy, and the Department of Energy office of Nuclear Physics grant DE-FOA-0002670.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Creating a perfect bedroom for a little girl is a special process consisted of couple of essential elements, this is also a fun process because it always includes a lot of creativity and a splash of vibrancy and adorable colors. The little girl bedroom should be decorated according to her interest and her spirit and energy. If your little girl is thrilled by princesses than you should decorate it with a princess inspired bed or canopy bed. In case your little girl has a cheerful and perky spirit you can apply lively and vibrant color in her room. In any case the little girl bedroom should be decorated in a way that will be clear that is her territory and her own fortress of girly adorable treasure. We are going to present you a showcase 17 Little Girl Bedroom Ideas that could serve as an inspiration. Enjoy!
Can you imagine more colors in one room, we bet that you can not. The retro and hip nature of this bedroom is perfect for encouraging the perky spirit of your little girlpostivie and cheerful.
The serene kingdom for the little princess. This amazing bedroom created of soft dreamy tones and tender patterns provides this little girl's bedroom with outstanding and beautiful appearance.
The big white sleigh bed in this perky pink bedroom sets a soft and light ambiance. This is a really cool and relaxed bedroom idea for a little girl.
A giant and realistic princess castle as a bed and you cannot ask for anything more for a perfect little girl's room. A bedroom like this is literally every girl's dream.
The variety of vibrant and perky colors provide this bedroom with wonderful and outstanding appearance, additionally the floral accents bring freshest and sumptuous mood in this brilliant little girl's bedroom.
This is really an amazing and super chic and modern pink bedroom for little girls. The twin beds along with the adorable floral pink wallpaper, create an awesome and super chic outlook of this shared little girl's bedroom.
The fairy tale inspired little girl's bedroom is the perfect choice for every girl. Girls are fascinated by fairies and princess. Therefore, this is a great example of how can you create a unique and beautiful fairy tale bedroom for the girls.
The statement canopy bed along with the beautiful pink area rug create a tender and soft appearance of this beautiful pink and white bedroom for little girls. The pink girly chandelier brings extra splendid and chic feel in this amazing little girl's bedroom.
This is a great example of how can you create a beautiful bedroom for your girl by choosing a simple color scheme and using soft fabrics and subtle texture. The pink round area rug with floral pattern breaks through the white appearance of the room and provides the place with a valuable and perky accent.
The canopy bed decorated with lights, is certainly the focal point and striking complement of this adorable little girls bedroom. The floral bedding additionally brings extra romantic and charming feel into the place.
This lively and fascinating little girl's bedroom is simply breathtaking. The combination of pastel and bright colors, plaid and geometrical patterns and lively animal wallpaper provide this bedroom with cheerful and yet chic appearance.
Orange is a great color scheme for a little girls bedroom, since this color reflects positive and fresh energy and tend to create a light and lively ambiance in every interior. This bedroom decorated with pastel orange tones and white wall foundation reflects the sheer ecstatic ambiance.
The country nature of this lively little girl's bedroom is just adorable. The bright floral yellow wallpaper acts as a great statement in the room and provides the place with fun and cheerful ambiance.
Blue is a rare but great choice for a little girl's bedroom. This bedroom is decorated with sheer elegance and sophistication, with an ample of pastel colors, canopy bed and artwork on the wall.
This is a really amazing and cozy bedroom for a little girl. The natural wood that prevails in this little girl's bedroom provide the place with cottage inspired and amazing note.
Blue and pink are a great combination for creating a tender and fabulous ambiance in the bedroom. The decorative panel in this little girl's bedroom is simple and yet amazing and modern.
The canopy bed surely is a focal point in this beautiful little girls bedroom. The dominance of the pink color provide the place with perky and stylish ambiance.


We understand how your devices affect your day to day function in your business; therefore, we provide our services to help you manage your repairs and system. All companies have different needs, some companies have requirements for one or two business phone repairs, while others want their entire company's device to be repaired. We can complete each business phone repair at an economical price and ensure that your devices are repaired as quickly as possible.
Your business depends on countless electronic gadgets and other devices to keep operations run smoothly. When one thing breaks down, so does your productivity. At iWorkshop we guarantee to provide optimum maintenance to keep your gadgets and devices operate optimally. We always strive to help our community while offering the best services we can provide. iWorkshop offers corporate accounts for businesses and bulk discounts for large organisations.
Being connected is an important part of success and profitability in business. Device downtime for you or your employees can be fatal and finding a solution can be both costly and time consuming. iWorkshop specialises in keeping you connected and relieves you from that stress. Whether the devices are corporate-owned or employee-owned, we provide the best solution. We fully recognise the advancements and convenience these gadgets provide, and we are proud to provide support to our customers.
Your can also book online or by phone, or have your corporate phone repaired by visiting our walk-in centres. Our repairs are carried out by our skilled technicians and we use the highest quality parts, sourced directly in most cases, from big manufacturers. We provide high level corporate phone repairs through our dedicated team. Here, you can get a quote for business phone repairs. iWorkshop has formed many great working relationships with corporate companies and charities across Perth and Booragon.
If your company's devices are integral to the way that you do business, then iWorkshop is the perfect partner for quick and reliable device repair.


Employers who want their operators to undergo more advanced and extensive MEWP training, can opt to engage them in an additional one day IPAF PAL+ course. PAL+ is category specific training aimed at operators working in higher risk or challenging environments. On completion, the operative will have the "+" qualification added to the relevant categories on their PAL Card.
PAL+ is for trained operators who work in higher risk environments, e.g. steelworks, confined overhead spaces and challenging terrain. It is aimed to improve behavioural and practical skills.
Introduction – Facilities, PAL+ overview, attitude during entire day to be graded and pre-course theory test.
What happens when it goes wrong – Accident analysis.
Human Behaviour – Human factors, permit to use and worker involvement.
MEWP categories and selection – MEWP choices and understanding MEWP categories.
Operator training vs. familiarisation – Differences and reasoning between training and familiarisation.
Operator's daily inspection – Pre-use checks and defects.
MEWP person fall protection – Understanding when and why harnesses are required.
Safe operation methods and hazard awareness – MEWP set-up, ground conditions, ground bearing pressure, travelling up and down a slope, gradeability, working envelope, pre-operation, observation and smooth operation.
Candidate Interview – Individual verbal questions from the practical session, verbal question paper and practical test based on the use of the MEWP Operator Practical Test Plan with explanation of pass requirements.
Course Evaluation – The course evaluation will be a combination of the candidate's performance throughout the day and an interview taking into account their attitude as well as questioning to ensure an understanding of the practical sessions undertaken.
Upon successful completion of the course, operators will have the "+" qualification added to the relevant categories on their PAL Card e.g. (1a+, 1b+, 3a+, 3b+). It remains valid for five years.


Why is this intersection being redesigned?
The intersection does not operate efficiently as a 4-way stop leading to long delays at times and unnecessary stops at others. For several years, the City has recognized that improvements need to be analyzed to improve movement at the intersection while not forfeiting safety. In 2017, the City hired LJB, Inc. of Miamisburg Ohio to perform an intersection analysis. The recommendation of the analysis was the installation of a roundabout or traffic signal, with a roundabout being the preferred alternative.
How does a roundabout work?
Watch this short video from the Ohio Department of Transportation on navigating a roundabout.
Why was a roundabout chosen over a traffic signal?
The roundabout was chosen as the best option as it pertains to level of service, safety and life cycle cost. The level of service refers to delay of the drivers. At this intersection, a roundabout will allow freer movement, reducing delay for drivers, and continue to perform well into future years. Roundabout intersections are safer than intersections with traffic signals because speeds are reduced and conflict points for drivers are reduced from 32 to 8. The proposed roundabout has a lower life cycle cost than a traffic signal because there are no signals to maintain continuously and replace every 10-15 years.
Was there ever a plan for a traffic light at the intersection?
The thought was that a signal would be installed at this intersection several years ago, based on peak hour traffic counts completed at the intersection of McKaig Avenue and Dorset Road.
Will large vehicles such as trucks and buses be able to navigate the roundabout?
Yes, trucks and buses will be able to traverse the intersection. The design consultant LJB, Inc. has analyzed this in detail and applied turning movement truck and bus templates to the layout of the intersection.
Where did the data in the study come from?
Data sources include the Federal Highway Administration and traffic counts conducted by LJB, Inc.
The design is currently in progress. Design should be completed in the next couple of months with authorization to construct requested of Council in April 2018. At this time, Staff is anticipating construction to begin at the intersection this summer with the remaining construction between Heywood Elementary and the intersection occurring in the fall of 2018. Once the project is bid, the construction schedule will be finalized with the contractor.
I live, work, or travel through the area. How will I know what is going on with the project?
Regular updates and information will be provided prior to and throughout construction via updates on this page, as well as the City's Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
March 19, 2018: City Council authorized the bidding of the project's construction. A start date for construction is coming soon.
May 16, 2018: The City of Troy awarded the bid for the McKaig Road Improvement Project Phase IV to Finfrock Construction Company Inc., and construction will begin in the fall of 2018. The roundabout portion of the project will not begin until summer 2019, due to the contractor's schedule. The project completion is estimated, weather and conditions permitting, to be complete by September 2019. We will provide regular updates as the project progresses.


text:
Motorola Razr е смартфон със сгъваем екран, разработен от Motorola. Устройството представи новото поколение на Razr, който беше популярен преди около 15 години.

Моделът е представен на 14 ноември 2019 г. и пуснат в продажба на 18 февруари 2020 г.

Спецификации
Моделът е снабден с 6.2-инчов OLED екран без никакви гънки и издатини. Формат на изображението: 21:9. Телефонът се сгъва наполовина, когато устройството е затворено.

Горната част на телефона е заета от основна камера и интерактивен 2,7-инчов Quick View дисплей за бърз преглед.

Основната му камера в 16 MP, а селфи камерата е 5 MP.

Πроцесорът e Snapdragon 710 c 6GВ RАМ и 128GВ вътрешна памет. Батерията e 2 510 mAh.

Tелефонът използва операционна система Android 9.0 Ріе и няма 5G.

Motorola Razr има ретро RAZR режим, при който целият вътрешен екран копира дисплея и клавиатурата на оригинала.

Отзиви
Motorola Razr не издържах тестата за брой сгъвания, които направи порталът Cnet. Механизма на сгъване е отказал след 27 218 сгъвания. По-късно Cnet посочвах, че тестовата машина не е била пригодена за формата на устройството.

Макс Вайнбах (собственик на портал XDA Developers) публикува в социални мрежи снимките, на които показва гънките на екран.

Продажби
Motorola продава два броя Motorola Razr на цената на един в САЩ.

Източници

Външни препратки
 Ревю: Motorola razr
 Официална страница на Motorola Razr

Смартфони


yeah, it's pretty crazy that no one seems to be using the forum. Like a lot of forums, FB and Instagram has killed it off. Too bad, 'cause it was a lot of fun talking to people on here.
Amazing that this forum is still here and that someone is still paying to host it/paying for the domain name.
Its alive! Anyone still on here?
Definitely a dead forum, much like many formerly active forums around the net.
A couple years later, and I am back in another BMW E38 7 series, this time a 2001 740i Sport. Did a few cosmetic upgrades and now it's my DD.
Tried to get people interested in the other CarForums forum, but no one goes there, either, and now it's just one post wonders and spambots that i have to clean up on a regular.
Well, the other one is back up and running, though it's very lightly traveled. At least we have an admin that shows up.
Youre apparently wrong about NASCAR. F1 drivers have tried it and found it MUCH harder than they imagined.
Hey Unfedfat! Clear Your PM Box!
I tried getting ahold of Steve at the other CF, but he's MIA just like whomever is running the show here.
Doubt it. Even the other one is dead now, too.


text:
HOW BRAINWAVES AFFECT MUSICAL PERFORMANCE
Winning on Stage
Dr. Don Greene
don.greene@winningonstage.com
There are five different types of brainwave patterns that affect a musician's level of performance. They are called delta, alpha-theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. Each frequency can be measured on an electroencephalogram (EEG) in cycles per second (otherwise known as Hertz) from 1 (delta) up through 100 (gamma). Understanding the sleep cycles and brainwave patterns can positively affect the way musicians use their brains.
The first stage of sleep is feeling tired and wanting to go to sleep. The second stage begins with lying down, then the muscles begin to relax, while the heart rate, respiration, and brain activity slow down. Conscious thinking fades away and then stops. In the third and fourth stages, people fall into deeper states of unconsciousness. The fifth stage registers the lowest delta wavelengths (1 to 3 cycles per second), there is minimal brain activity, with little or no body movements. This can last from 70 to 90 minutes.
After stage five, sleepers begin to get restless and start to move to find more comfortable positions. As they do, they transition back through the other stages towards a state of near wakefulness. However, instead of waking up, their breathing, heart rate, and eye movements begin to increase. That's when they enter into the dream state of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The initial REM period lasts about 10 minutes, and marks the end of an entire sleep cycle, which takes about two hours. Then another one begins.
With each repetition of the cycle, the REM increases in depth and duration, with progressively less time spent in the other four stages. That's when the brain switches into the alpha-theta pattern (4 to 7 cycles per second). The alpha-theta state can happen in two ways. The first is while sleeping and may involve lucid dreams, vivid images, convoluted reasoning, dramatic storylines, or deep emotions. The second way to create the alpha-theta pattern is through visualization, mental rehearsal, or guided imagery, which engages the brain's visual cortex with chosen pictures or self-directed mental movies. When these techniques are done in a very relaxed physical state, they produce alpha-theta patterns. Studies with athletes and musicians show that when these mental activities are done repeatedly, they result in improved physical performance.
After the dream stage, the mind returns to stage two and the beginning of another two-hour sleep cycle. Ideally you will have four of these sleep cycles on a routine basis, and even five in the days before important performances and auditions. Recent research at a sleep clinic examined the mental alertness and ability to focus in adults who normally got about eight hours of sleep every night. When they increased their sleep to nine and ten hours a night, they were more focused and mentally alert, with faster information processing speed and quicker physical reactions, with more accurate perceptions of changing external conditions.
Upon waking up, before thinking about your long to-do list, some may experience the peaceful state known as "reverie." While comfortably lying there semi-awake with eyes still closed, the brain is in the alpha state. Alpha waves (8 to 12 cycles per second) appear smooth and flowing on a graph. This pleasant state of mind does not last very long. The mind soon switches into beta patterns and normal waking consciousness.
Beta brainwaves originate in the left hemisphere with frequencies that are measured at 13 to 40 cycles per second. The beta waves look like a series of rapid, jagged spikes. The highly active beta state of overthinking is the normal state of waking consciousness in our busy world, but it doesn't help if you are a performer trying to focus on music under pressure. Simply put, beta patterns of rapid left-brain thinking cause problems for musicians. These are also accompanied by a loss of rationality and the inability to focus. High beta is the opposite of a quietly focused alpha mindset.
Low frequency beta waves (13 to 20 cycles per second) are indicative of mental uneasiness or mild states of anxiety. Mid-frequency beta waves (21 to 30 cycles per second) are exhibited in people when they are experiencing extreme anxiety. The highest beta waves (32 to 40 cycles per second) are associated with panic attacks, anger, and rage.
Concentration cannot occur when the left-brain is actively engaged in beta. Beta type of thinking includes analyses, judgments, criticisms, blame, worries, and continuous doubting, rationalizing, commenting, giving instructions, etc. This causes the left-brain to race at even higher speeds. The faster it goes, the less you can focus on the task at hand. Beta thoughts jump rapidly back and forth, between past mistakes or regrets, and future worries, with little attention paid to the present moment.
The smooth, sine-like alpha waves reflect a relaxed, but highly alert and focused state of mind. Alpha is much better than beta for concentrating on executing complex musical or artistic movements, especially in front of a live audience or audition panel. Alpha reflects the right brain state of flow uninterrupted by left-brain thoughts, worries, or fears. It is highly conducive to focusing on the here and now in the ever-continuing present moment.
There are ways to move from left-brain beta noise to the right brain and get into alpha. These include listening to relaxing music, meditation, mindfulness training, zazen, tapping, biofeedback, yoga, autogenic training, T'ai Chi, Aikido, Zen archery, the Silva method, hypnosis, and my own Centering technique, which I wrote about here previously. Just sitting quietly and focusing your mind intensely on one thing for any period of time without left-brain interruptions can put you into an alpha state.
The final measurable human brainwave pattern is known as gamma. Gamma brainwaves are the fastest in the spectrum, measuring 40 to 100 cycles per second. The gamma frequency is found in deep meditation, flow states, peak performance, and the Zone. Individuals with high gamma activity have been shown to have strong cognitive acuity, tend to be much happier than most people, and demonstrate superior functioning in highly challenging physical tasks.
Gamma waves originate in the thalamus, located in the midbrain. The high frequency waves move very quickly. First to the amygdala, in the base of the brain, suppressing the fight vs. flight response, and then to both hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. Then the waves move rapidly back again to the base of the brain. This all happens at least 30 times per second. This very fast "full sweep" action throughout the brain creates a state of "neural synchrony," necessary for peak functioning. Gamma is the only brainwave that will reliably get you "in the zone" and keep you there for any amount of time.
Gamma patterns regulate emotional balance and moods. Gamma is associated with feeling calm, happy, joyful, and grateful. This is often accompanied by experiencing deep compassion, unity with all things, and universal love. This blissful state is well known by Buddhist monks, Zen masters, Trappist friars, cloistered nuns and experienced musicians when they are engaged in the highest levels of free and expressive performance.
How do you generate more gamma waves? First of all, your body and mind need to be totally relaxed, especially the left side of your brain. It needs to be very quiet. Focus your mind on only positive emotions, like gratitude, compassion, joy, and love, and let go of everything else. Appreciate your talents, love the ability to do what you do, be totally immersed in the present moment, highly focused in one-pointed concentration.
If you're interested in a more technological way to get into gamma, you can try brainwave entrainment. This method uses aural tones or binaural beats, played through headphones, to induce higher mental states. By listening to the tones or beats played at different frequencies, both on the left and right sides, the entire brain becomes engaged in setting up gamma waves.
You can find brainwave entrainment on YouTube, iTunes Store, Amazon, and through various apps. They have a range of available frequencies: 40 cycles per second (the gateway to gamma), 50 cycles per second (intense focus), 60 cycles per second (genius brain), and all the way to pure gamma at 100 cycles per second, which is supposedly the level of supreme confidence, oneness, and immense gratitude. There are also audio programs for inducing delta, alpha and alpha-theta. (Remember, if you see "Hertz," it's the same as "cycles per second.")
I encourage you to try different ways to get out of beta as a daily routine, especially when you're practicing and performing. You need to determine which ones may be useful. I find 40 cycles per second to be relaxing, the 60 cycles per second to be helpful for focusing, and anything higher than 90 cycles per second to be annoying and distracting. There might be ones that are better suited to just relaxing, while others may set you up to get in the zone efficiently and keep you there longer.
One of the simplest and best things you can do before important performances and auditions is to get more restful sleep. That means four or five complete sleep cycles the last few nights before your big event. It will help to minimize your beta thinking beforehand, get you in a good frame of mind, and prepare you to perform your best in alpha, or even gamma, for the entire event.
Dr. Don Greene, a peak performance psychologist, has taught his comprehensive approach to peak performance mastery at Juilliard, Colburn School, New World Symphony, Los Angeles Opera Young Artists Program, Vail Ski School, Perlman Music Program, and the U.S. Olympic Training Center. During his 32-year career, he has coached more than 1,000 performers to win professional auditions and has guided countless solo performers to successful careers. Some of the performing artists with whom Dr. Greene has worked have won jobs with the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra, Concertgebouw Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Chicago Symphony, San Francisco Opera, Montreal Symphony, Pittsburgh Symphony, National Symphony, Cincinnati Symphony, Pacific Northwest Ballet, and the Dance Theatre of Harlem, to name just a few. Of the Olympic track and field athletes he worked with up until and through the 2016 games in Rio, 14 won medals, including five gold. Dr. Greene has authored ten books including "Audition Success," "Fight Your Fear & Win," "Performance Success," and most recently "College Prep for Musicians." In 2017, Dr. Greene was named a TED Educator and collaborated with musician Dr. Annie Bosler to produce the TED-Ed talk "How to practice effectively…for just about anything." The video went viral and received over 25 million views across Facebook and YouTube. For more information, visit winningonstage.com, winninginsports.com and collegeprepformusicians.com.


text:
Financial Advisors for Now and the Future.
Scott Ford
Managing Director, Partner & Wealth Advisor
19833 Leitersburg Pike, Suite 1 Hagerstown, MD 21742
Contact Scott
Scott was born an entrepreneur. Often called "Douglar" by his dad based on his middle name, Scott was heavily influenced by his father's philosophy that small business and entrepreneurship was the backbone of the economy. Ever since he was a middle-schooler performing magic shows at birthday parties, Scott has dreamed of creating a business that delights his clients. Early in his financial career as an insurance salesman, Scott saw that many of the business owners he served didn't know how to manage money and thus did not experience true freedom in their lives. His own father was a successful businessman, but unfortunately never found financial freedom and often worried about money. This led Scott to devote his life to helping business owners pursue true wealth. The rest is history.
Scott saw a need and set out to meet it. Today, Scott Ford is Managing Director, Partner & Wealth Advisor of Carson Wealth in Hagerstown, MD and Kingsport, TN, serving entrepreneurs, small business owners, executives, and families. The firm specializes in comprehensive wealth management using our Way2Wealth proprietary process. His personal and proactive approach is designed to bring clarity and simplicity to the complex issues of financial management. He is a Registered Financial Consultant (RFC) and has been an active Financial Technical Analyst since 2005. It is Scott's mission to help his clients pursue financial freedom, allowing them to focus on what is most important in their lives now and in the future.
Work-life balance is very important to Scott and, on occasion, he has been spotted hosting conference calls from his massage chair in the office. Scott is a life-long learner and spends his free time reading and writing and has published three books including Financial Jiu-Jitsu: A Fighter's Guide to Conquering Your Finances, The Widow's Wealth Map: Six Steps to Beginning Again, and the New York Times Bestseller, The Sustainable Edge: Fifteen Minutes a Week to a Richer Entrepreneurial Life. His talents do not end there, as he also enjoys Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, woodworking, beekeeping, hunting, and spending time with family. Scott has come a long way from his first business in middle school but still has plenty of creative tricks up his sleeve! He and his wife, Angie, reside in Hedgesville, WV, and have two grown children, two grandchildren, a dog (Gustavo), a cat (Kashmyr), and a plethora of wild animals that come to visit from time to time.
Hidden Talent/Skills:
Hunting, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Best piece of financial advice Scott ever received:
"Make savings automatic and you won't miss it."
What motivates Scott:
Making the complex simple


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I signed up for Schultz Photo School online. I've completed a couple of the courses, but am setting a goal to go through more --- if not all --- before our February vacation.
Went to college for Digital Photography. So glad I made the career change! Photography is what I was meant to do!!
I forgot to check this task as done! AND I DID IT! I finished Photography - Initiation with 19/20 ahah!
Took a beginner's photography course to learn more about my camera, and composition a little too. Great success!
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text:
Das Druckereimuseum Hoya ist ein privat geführtes Technikmuseum zur Geschichte der Drucktechnik. Es befindet sich in der Stadt Hoya im niedersächsischen Landkreis Nienburg/Weser.

Auf rund 150 m² werden in dem Museum verschiedene historische Druckerpressen und Zubehör für den Buchdruck präsentiert. Sie vermitteln einen Eindruck über die 550-jährige Geschichte des Buchdrucks mit Hilfe des Bleisatzes. Prunkstücke sind eine 1,5 t schwere Linotype-Setzmaschine und eine Kniehebelpresse von 1866, die aus Berlin stammt und als älteste Druckmaschine gilt. Außerdem ein sechs kg schwerer Druckzylinder, mit dem die letzte Ausgabe des Weserkurier vom 9. Juni 1984 mit Bleisatz gedruckt wurde.

Das Museum befand sich seit dem Jahr 1998 bis Ende des Jahres 2019 in einem ehemaligen Pfarrhaus in unmittelbarer Nähe des Heimatmuseums Hoya. Nach einem Umzug in neue Räumlichkeiten in der Alten Molkerei (Lindenallee 2, Hoya) ist es seit September 2022 wieder allgemein zugänglich.

Siehe auch
 Liste von Druckereimuseen
 Liste der Museen im Landkreis Nienburg/Weser

Weblinks
 Druckereimuseum, 27318 Hoya, Kirchstraße 30 auf museum-hoya.de
 Zwei Ausstellungen. Von Gutenbergs Lettern bis zum Laptop am 24. Juli 2015 auf kreiszeitung.de
 Michael Linke betreibt ein Druckereimuseum in Hoya / Neue Ausstellung. Linotype-Setzmaschine lockt viele Besucher an am 29. Juli 2015 auf kreiszeitung.de
 Zwischen Holzlettern und Schreibmaschinen: Ausstellung im Heimat- und Druckereimuseum Hoya. Der typografische Abenteuerspielplatz am 17. August 2015 auf weser-kurier.de
 Museumsdruckerei Hoya auf nienburg-online.de
Museumsdruckerei Hoya auf Facebook.com
Umzug in neue Räumlichkeiten am 23. August 2019 auf Kreiszeitung.de
 Museumsdruckerei Hoya "Zwiebelfisch" e.V. auf info.nienburg-online.de, abgerufen am 26. September 2022
  Druckkunst. Zwiebelfische arbeiten mit Hochdruck am 4. September 2022 auf weser-kurier.de
 Museumsdruckerei Hoya öffnet nach Umbauphase ihre Türen für die Öffentlichkeit am 10. August 2022 auf kreiszeitung.de

Hoya
Museum im Landkreis Nienburg/Weser
Druckereimuseum
Gegründet 1998
Technikmuseum in Deutschland
Medienmuseum (Deutschland)


text:
5 Steps To Punchy Drum Compression
Punchy drums are what every engineer aims for in a mix and there's definitely a way to get there. Sometimes just using the right compressors can do the trick, but most of the time it requires some adjustment of the parameters to really get the sound you're looking for.
Here's a few excerpts from my Mixing Engineer's Handbook, Audio Mixing Bootcamp and Drum Recording Handbook books all culled together for an overview on drum compression.
"It would be great if every drummer hit every beat on the kick and snare with the same intensity, but unfortunately that doesn't even happen with the best drummers on the planet. When the intensity changes from beat to beat, the pulse of the song feels erratic, since even a slight change in level can make the drums feel a lot less solid than they should be. Compression works wonders to even out those erratic hits and helps to push the kick and snare forward in the track to make them feel more punchy. Let's take a look at how to do that with the drums.
The Compression Technique
Before we get into specifics, here's the technique for setting up a compressor. Regardless of the instrument, vocal or audio source, the set up is basically the same.
1. Start with the attack time set as slow as possible, and release time set as fast as possible on the compressor.
2. Turn the attack faster until the instrument begins to sound dull (this happens because you're compressing the attack portion of the sound envelope). Stop increasing the attack time at this point and even back it off a little so the sound stays crisp.
3. Adjust the release time so that after the initial attack, the volume goes back to at least 90 percent of the normal level by the next beat. If in doubt, it's better to have a shorter release than a longer one.
4. Set to the lowest ratio above 1:1 (which means no compression). Usually on drums, the lowest ratio provides the most punch, since it lets the transients of the drum be heard. 2:1 or 1.5:1 work great.
5. Bypass the compressor to see if there's a level difference. If there is, increase the Gain or Output control until the volume is the same as when it's bypassed.
Tracking Versus Mixing
Generally speaking, most engineers won't compress much, if at all, during tracking, since anything you do while recording can't be undone later. That said, some engineers like to limit the instruments a little (only by a dB or two) just to control the transients a bit. A compressor becomes a limiter when the ratio is set to 10:1 or more. If you choose to do this, make sure that the limiter kicks in on only the highest peaks. If it's limiting constantly, it's probably too much and you might regret it later since it can't be undone. Decrease the threshold control so it only limits on the occasional transient.
Compressing The Kick And Snare
The biggest question most engineers have when compressing either the kick or snare is "How much is enough?" This depends first and foremost on the sound of the drum itself and the skill of the drummer. A well-tuned drum kit that sounds great in the room should record well, and a reasonably good drummer with some studio experience usually means that less compression is needed because the hits are fairly even. Even a great drummer with a great sounding kit can benefit from a bit of compression though, and as little as a dB or two can work wonders for the sound. With only that amount, the setup of the compressor is a lot less crucial, especially the attack and release.
Sometimes you need the kick or snare to cut through the mix and seem as if it's in your face, and that's when 3 to 6dB or so does the job. It's here that the setup of the compressor is critical because you're imparting its sound on the drum. Make sure you tweak the attack and release controls as above, and even try a number of different compressors. You'll find they all react differently, even with the same settings, so it's worth the time to experiment. Remember: if the attack is set too fast, the drum will sound less punchy, regardless of how much compression you use.
Compressing The Room Mics
The room ambient mics are meant to add the "glue" to the sound of a kit, and can really benefit from a fair amount of compression, which means anywhere from 6 to 10dB. In fact, many mixers prefer the room sound to be extremely compressed, with way more than 10dB being the norm.
The problem is that the more compression you use, the more the ambience of the room is emphasized. That's okay if you're recording in a great sounding room, but if it has a lot of reflections and the ceiling is low, you may be emphasizing something that just doesn't add much to the track. One trick is to actually set the attack time so it's much shorter than usual to cut off the sound of the initial drum transient, then tuck the room tracks in just under the other drum tracks.
Note that regardless of how good the room mics sound, the more of them you use, the less space there will be for the other instruments in the track. The more instruments there are, the more you'll have to back them off. Sad but true, but unfortunately, there's only so much sonic space to any mix."
You can read more from The Recording Engineer's Handbook and my other books on the excerpt section of bobbyowsinski.com.
Any purchases made through our Amazon links help support this blog at no cost to you (just click here).
Labels: Audio Mixing Bootcamp, book excerpt, drum compression, drum recording handbook, mixing engineers handbook
Greg Strickland said...
Interesting to ponder what happens later. Buss compression by a mixer, final peak control by a mastering engineer, etc. And if it matters to the artist, what will that drum sound be if heard on the radio? Also, what might it sound like after bit rate reduction by a codec for streaming?
If only a great initial sound could be assured of making it intact to the audience listening environment. But this is the art of it...
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Do you ever wish you could leave the everyday behind and retreat forever into your imagination's happy place? Children have the advantage over us adults on that score, slipping seamlessly between the real world and dreamscape. "Fine when you're a kid," adults moan en masse, "but I've too many important things to take care of!" I suppose, it's true enough. Wandering unicorn inhabited fields of wildflowers instead of changing your baby's soiled nappy is irresponsible. Bottom line (pun intended)? Adulthood doesn't abide silliness or the wasting of precious time in daydreams. Life is hard work and not to be taken lightly.
Take your time. I'm happily finishing some edits in my wee villa on the Amalfi Coast. Ooh, wait. I've been invited to sail to Corfu for lunch. The azure sea awaits. And, my sojourn might take longer than expected because we're detouring north to look for fairies on Skye.
See? That didn't take long. Was it pleasant? Did heroes prevail and were monsters subdued? I hope so. Further, I'll bet you all the camellia sinensis in China, that the world is still spinning on its very grown-up axis.
These days, I admit I'm retreating into my imagination more than ever. Meditation continues to calm and centre me, but when not sitting, I am compelled to engage in the day-to-day from a distance, far removed from the chaos and barbaric violence wrought of our insatiable greed, obsessions, and fears.
From afar, I survey the world with the utmost compassion. There is no need to fuel relentless dramas or regurgitate woe-is-me stories. Tucked safely away, I am blanketed in the warmth of grace woven by gratitude. From my vantage point I see countless scenes of unconditional love and kindness. Listening, I hear belly-laughs, songs of peace, and tender accolades. No garbage clutters the landscape, no smog muddies the air.
Of course, it could be said I'm ignoring, running away from the truth and grabbing my rose-coloured glasses as I go. I would counter that what I see and hear is real because when I imagine only the best in us; the awakened, evolved parts of us, the us that no matter what remains giving and thoughtful and wise, that is what exists – all around.
Now, I know I've written similar platitudes over all these years, filling pages with words of hope via hundreds of wishes. And it is suggested on occasion that my lofty sentiments do little to help pay that mortgage, cure the sick, or stop a bomb. Still, they remain my constant companions bolstering me no matter what.
So, I've a wish as 2018 draws to a close. It starts like this… Imagine.


text:
Camil Bouchard (né le  à La Tuque) est un homme politique et psychologue canadien. Il a occupé le poste de député péquiste de Vachon de 2003 à 2010.

Biographie
Né à La Tuque en , il reçoit une formation en psychologie, obtenant son baccalauréat et sa maîtrise à l'Université Laval en 1969 et 1970, puis son doctorat à l'Université McGill en 1974.

Son travail professionnel l'a poussé à devenir chercheur en psychologie communautaire et à mener des recherches en épidémiologie de la maltraitance envers les enfants. Il a largement contribué à populariser l'approche en écologie du développement humain dans les institutions d'enseignement et en santé publique au Québec. Il a rédigé et signé un rapport qui a influencé de nombreuses politiques familiales et sociales au Québec, notamment les services de garde éducatifs à tarifs réduits : Un Québec fou de ses enfants.  Il a œuvré à l'UQAM pendant trente cinq ans dont 10 en congé sans solde alors qu'il siégeait à l'Assemblée nationale du Québec.

Élu dans Vachon lors de l'élection du 14 avril 2003, il remplace le député sortant David Payne. Il est réélu aux élections de 2007 et de 2008.

Durant son dernier mandat, il est porte parole de l'Opposition officielle en matière de relations avec les Premières nations, d'immigration et de communautés culturelles.

Il annonce sa démission le  et quitte définitivement l'Assemblée nationale le .

En février 2012, il participe au congrès de fondation d'Option nationale, nouveau parti souverainiste créé par Jean-Martin Aussant.

En 2022, il anime la série documentaire Un Québec toujours fou de ses enfants? à Savoir média , qui fait le bilan des 30 années de politiques familiales après la publication de son influent rapport.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Centre de la petite enfance
  du Québec
  du Québec
  du Québec
 Parti québécois
 Vachon (circonscription provinciale)

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Entretien : « Camil Bouchard et le souci du partage », dans Magazine de l'Acfas, novembre 2015.

 .

Naissance à La Tuque
Étudiant de l'Université Laval
Étudiant de l'Université McGill
Député du Parti québécois à l'Assemblée nationale
Psychologue québécois
Personnalité d'Option nationale
Naissance en octobre 1945


In a RGB color space, hex #033e95 is composed of 1.2% red, 24.3% green and 58.4% blue. Whereas in a CMYK color space, it is composed of 98% cyan, 58.4% magenta, 0% yellow and 41.6% black. It has a hue angle of 215.8 degrees, a saturation of 96.1% and a lightness of 29.8%. #033e95 color hex could be obtained by blending #067cff with #00002b. Closest websafe color is: #003399.
● #033e95 color description : Dark blue.
The hexadecimal color #033e95 has RGB values of R:3, G:62, B:149 and CMYK values of C:0.98, M:0.58, Y:0, K:0.42. Its decimal value is 212629.
Below, you can see some colors close to #033e95. Having a set of related colors can be useful if you need an inspirational alternative to your original color choice.
This text has a font color of #033e95.
This paragraph has a background color of #033e95.
This element has a border color of #033e95.
A tone is produced by adding gray to any pure hue. In this case, #494b4f is the less saturated color, while #033e95 is the most saturated one.
Below, you can see how #033e95 is perceived by people affected by a color vision deficiency. This can be useful if you need to ensure your color combinations are accessible to color-blind users.


These dedicated servants prepare the weekend's worship materials. The atmosphere is festive and always great fun. Devotions and time for prayer are a part of each morning, along with treats and good conversation. Just show up on a Friday morning! Everyone is welcome. Orientation is provided.
Engage older adults in our church and within our local community by offering fellowship, support and meaning in their lives.
Encourage older adults to embrace leadership roles at Good Shepherd.
Transform lives through caring relationships.
Empower older adults to grow in how they love and serve God.
Support and serve all older adults and the rest of our church and community.