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HomeMaster's in Communication Programs by StateNorth Carolina
Master's in Communication Programs in North Carolina - Campus and Online Programs
Campus Programs in North Carolina
Online Programs in North Carolina
Directory of All Programs in North Carolina
There are currently eight schools in North Carolina that offer a total of 13 master's in communication programs. Of these 13 programs, nine are campus-based, while four are online. Students researching master's in communication programs in North Carolina have a variety of specializations to choose from, including interpersonal communication, health communication, political communication, and mass communication. All of the schools listed on this page are non-profit institutions of higher education that are regionally accredited through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC).
Campus-Based Master's in Communication Programs in North Carolina
In Greenville, East Carolina University's School of Communication offers a Master of Arts in Communication with two concentration options in Health Communication and Strategic Communication. While the concentration in Health Communication prepares students for jobs in health marketing, media, and journalism, as well as organizational communication roles within health organizations, the Strategic Communication concentration prepares students for versatile roles in public relations, consumer-facing marketing and media, organizational communication leadership, and business-to-business communication. Students take core courses in communication theory and research methods followed by concentration-specific courses. Depending on their chosen concentration, students can select from courses in media and health communication, communication and health organizations, health communication campaigns, strategic communication, risk communication, organizational communication, and more. For their final graduation requirement, students must choose between two options: a traditional master's thesis, which is a structured work of scholarly research on a communication-related research question; and an applied communication project, wherein students select a professionally relevant topic and develop an applied project on that topic.
High Point University's Nido R. Qubein School of Communication offers a Master of Arts in Strategic Communication with concentration areas in Public Relations, Health Communication, and Political Communication. Students take core courses in strategic communication, persuasive rhetoric, the impact of media, research methods and analysis, video and audio messaging, and communication technology trends. Students then take classes according to their chosen concentration, such as health communication research, health communication campaigns, crisis communication, international and intercultural public relations, politics and the media, or contemporary political campaigns. Students must complete a strategic communication practicum and write a master's thesis, and are also required to work with a team of students on a community-based communication campaign.
In Raleigh, North Carolina State University's Department of Communication offers a Master of Science in Communication with specializations in Public Relations, Organizational Communication, Interpersonal Communication, Cultural Studies, Mediated Communication, and Digital Media. Students take core classes in critical inquiry in communication, quantitative and qualitative research methods, and communication theory. They can then take electives in areas such as the history of rhetoric, communication campaigns, risk communication, environmental communication, international public relations, visual content analysis, and non-profit marketing and public relations.
North Carolina State University's Department of English offers a Master of Science in Technical Communication with elective clusters in Web Design and Development, Environmental Communication, Medical/Health Communication, Training and Development, Organizational Information Systems, and Agricultural Communication. This program prepares students for a variety of technical communication roles, and includes core courses in the theory and research of professional writing, the rhetoric of science and technology, publication management for technical communicators, and advanced technical writing and editing. Elective courses include verbal data analysis, usability studies, science media writing, information design, and design of instructional material.
Queens University of Charlotte's James L. Knight School of Communication offers a Master of Arts in Communication with optional specializations in Strategic Communication, and Organizational Communication. This program features a core curriculum that prepares students to apply communication theory and ethics, intercultural communication competencies, and communication research methods to a wide variety of internal and external-facing communication challenges and initiatives. After the core curriculum, students can either specialize in one or both of the aforementioned areas, or they can tailor their own course of study by choosing their own electives. Students of the Strategic Communication specialization learn how to optimize public relations communications and design multimedia communication campaigns for organizations in the public and private sectors. Students of the Organizational Communication specialization take courses in the principles and processes of organizational communication, group and team dynamics, and leadership in communication.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Hussman School of Journalism and Media offers a Master of Arts in Media and Communication with programs of study in Journalism, Strategic Communication, Visual Communication, and Theory and Research. Students of the Journalism, Strategic Communication, or Visual Communication programs take core classes in mass communication research methods, media law, reporting and writing news, and multimedia storytelling, as well as electives in areas such as medical and science journalism, market intelligence, public relations foundations, and graphic communication. The Theory and Research program of study includes core classes in mass communication research methods, theories of mass communication, and media law, followed by classes courses that are relevant to students' chosen research emphasis (substantive areas of study include media processes, health communication, political and social communication, and media effects).
The University of North Carolina at Charlotte's Department of Communication Studies offers a Master of Arts in Communication Studies that allows students to craft their own area of focus through their selection of electives in dedicated Interest Areas that include Health Communication; Organizational Communication; Rhetoric, Media Studies, and Popular Culture; and Public Relations/International Public Relations. Students take core courses in communication studies for professionals, communication research methods, and contemporary perspectives in communication theory, followed by their choice of electives in areas such as communication and leadership, gender and communication, health communication, global media, and organizational communication. Students of this program can choose from three Capstone Experiences for their final graduation requirement in the program: a master's thesis, a directed project that involves applied professional research, and a comprehensive examination (students choosing the exam for their final graduation requirement must also complete two additional electives).
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro's Department of Communication Studies offers a Master of Arts in Communication Studies, which is a generalist program with electives. Students take core classes in communication theory and research methodology, followed by electives covering topics such as communication for social change, communication ethics, risk communication, communication pedagogy, and relational communication. Students must also complete a final research project that investigates a communication practice or phenomenon.
Wake Forest University Department of Communication, located in Winston-Salem, offers a Master of Arts in Communication that is a flexible generalist program that students can shape according to their interests. Students take core classes in rhetorical theory and criticism and quantitative research methods in communication studies, followed by electives in areas such as health communication, democratic theory, argumentation, public address, international communication, social movements, and the rhetoric of science. At the end of their first year, students collaborate with their advisor and the Director of Graduate Studies to develop a research question for their master's thesis.
Online Master's in Communication Programs in North Carolina
Online master's in communication programs may be a good option for students who do not live in close proximity to a university that offers a master's in communication program. For example, residents of Asheville, Fayetteville, Jacksonville, or Wilmington who do not want to or cannot relocate for graduate school. (Note: Currently, Fayetteville State University, UNC Wilmington and UNC Asheville do not offer master's programs in the field of communication). Online programs may also be a good option for students who do not want to commute to Raleigh, Chapel Hill, Charlotte or another city that houses a campus-based program.
There are currently four schools in North Carolina that offer online master's in communication programs. East Carolina University's School of Communication offers an Online Master of Arts in Communication with concentrations in Health Communication and Strategic Communication. This program is equivalent in graduation requirements and curriculum to the campus-based version of the school's program. Queens University of Charlotte's James L. Knight School of Communication offers an Online Master of Arts in Communication with an optional concentration in Integrated Digital Strategy. This program is equivalent in curriculum content and structure to the campus-based version of the program. Students engage with course concepts through Skype conferences, instant messaging, online community tools, and shared blogs.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Hussman School of Journalism and Media offers an Online Master of Arts in Digital Communication with an emphasis in Digital Media that prepares students to understand how digital media intersects with culture, society, and economics. After attending an on-campus orientation at the start of their enrollment, students take online classes covering areas such as writing for digital media, research methods and applications, digital data analytics, information visualization, new media and society, strategic communication, media law in the digital age, and digital media leadership. During the spring of their first year, students also attend a five-day residency during which they collaborate with classmates and faculty to develop an audio-visual narrative project. Students must complete a final comprehensive examination, as well as a non-traditional thesis that involves investigating an issue or a digital media challenge facing an organization, developing a proposal to solve it, and building and presenting the completed solution to faculty and peers.
Directory of Master's in Communication Programs in North Carolina
Featured Online Master's in Communication Programs that Accept Students from North Carolina
Queens University of Charlotte Online Master of Arts in Communication with Specializations in Organizational Communication and Strategic Communication Program Website
Johns Hopkins University Online Master of Arts in Communication with Concentrations in Public and Media Relations, Political Communication, Health Communication, Digital Communication, and Corporate and Non-Profit Communication Program Website
Syracuse University Online Master of Science in Communications with Specializations in Advertising, Public Relations, Journalism Innovation, and Media Management Program Website
Butler University Online Master of Science in Strategic Communication Program Website
Southern New Hampshire University Online Master of Arts in Communication with Optional Concentrations in New Media & Marketing, and Public Relations Program Website
All Master's in Communication Programs in North Carolina
Campus programs, Campus/Hybrid programs, Online programs (fully online to 2 campus visits per year), Hybrid-Online programs (3 to ~5 campus visits per year)
Master of Arts in Communication (with Concentrations in Health Communication, and Strategic Communication)
Interview with Keith Richards, Ph.D. - East Carolina University
Online Master of Arts in Communication (with Concentrations in Health Communication, and Strategic Communication)
(High Point)
Master of Arts in Strategic Communication (with Concentation Areas in Public Relations, Health Communication, and Political Communication)
(Raleigh)
Master of Science in Communication (with Specializations in Public Relations, Organizational Communication, Interpersonal Communication, Cultural Studies, Mediated Communication, and Digital Media)
Interview with James Kiwanuka-Tondo, Ph.D. - North Carolina State University
Master of Science in Technical Communication (with Elective Clusters in Web Design and Development, Environmental Communication, Medical/Health Communication, Training and Development, Organizational Information Systems, and Agricultural Communication)
Interview with Huiling Ding, Ph.D. - North Carolina State University
Queens University of Charlotte
(Charlotte)
James L. Knight School of Communication
Master of Arts in Communication (with Optional Specializations in Strategic Communication, and Organizational Communication)
Interview with Zachary White, Ph.D. - Queens University of Charlotte
Online Master of Arts in Communication (with Optional Specializations in Strategic Communication, and Organizational Communication)
Interview with John A. McArthur, Ph.D. - Queens University of Charlotte Interview with Zachary White, Ph.D. - Queens University of Charlotte
Learn more about the online MA in Communication program - visit online.queens.edu
(Chapel Hill)
Master of Arts in Media and Communication (with Specializations in Journalism, Strategic Communication, Visual Communication, and Theory and Research)
Online Master of Arts in Digital Communication
Master of Arts in Communication Studies (with Interest Areas in Health Communication; Organizational Communication; Rhetoric, Media Studies, and Popular Culture; and Public Relations/International Public Relations)
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
(Greensboro)
Master of Arts in Communication Studies (General Program with Electives)
(Winston-Salem)
Master of Arts in Communication (General Program with Electives)
Online Master of Communications
Program Statistics for North Carolina
In-State Online Programs
Last Database Update: 1/09/2023
Interview with Timothy Brown, Ph.D. – Queens University of Charlotte
Interview with Huiling Ding, Ph.D. – North Carolina State University
Interview with James Kiwanuka-Tondo, Ph.D. – North Carolina State University
Interview with John A. McArthur, Ph.D. – Queens University of Charlotte
Interview with Keith Richards, Ph.D. – East Carolina University
Interview with Zachary White, Ph.D. – Queens University of Charlotte
Programs in Nearby States


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Q: How to get a parent widget of a simple class which represents image I have an image of a ball which is created using a Ball class:
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I need a ball to know about the current size of the window, so therefore I need a ball to get a pointer to its parent (a Ping object) and use height() and width() methods. Are there any ways to accomplish it?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dr. Kaliappa Kalirajan, Professor of Economics of Australian National University, offered seminar course on 'Productive Efficiency' to PGDM 2016-18 Batch during November 15 & 16, 2016 at SDMIMD.
the best practices for optimal productivity; models to measure productivity, which was demonstrated and explained by taking the example agricultural production as the output and labour, fertilizers, land are the contributing input factors that was taken in order to explain the model. Further, ordinary least squares and general least squares method was explained using multiple linear regression model; stochastic model was highlighted to explain the example of agriculture and the limitations of the model as well was explained.
The day-two of the course introduced the young managers on the sources and factors that influences country's growth was explained by taking India and Vietnam as the example. Decomposition function during different time periods (say T1 & T2) was used in the process of analysing the reasons for growth. The difference between the actuals, estimates (of outputs & inputs) was calculated to measure the differences in the total factor productivity growth rate.


The following are terms used throughout the Dynamics 365 for Customer Engagement apps product and documentation.
Tenant For Dynamics 365 for Customer Engagement apps, a tenant is the account you create in the Microsoft Online Services environment when you sign up for a Customer Engagement apps subscription. A tenant contains uniquely identified domains, users, security groups, and subscriptions and can contain multiple Customer Engagement instances.
The tenant created for you has a domain name of <account>.onmicrosoft.com. For example, contoso.onmicrosoft.com.
Instance When you sign up for a trial or purchase a Dynamics 365 for Customer Engagement apps subscription, a Customer Engagement apps Production instance is created. Each additional production or non-production (Sandbox) Customer Engagement instance you add creates a separate and isolated Dynamics 365 for Customer Engagement apps organization on the same tenant.
An instance has the URL format: https://<URL name>.crm.dynamics.com. For example, https://contososales.crm.dynamics.com.
Subscription A subscription consists of the Customer Engagement apps licenses and add-ons included with the trial or paid service you signed up for in your Customer Engagement apps account. Customer Engagement apps subscriptions can vary in license type, price, and end date.
For example, a subscription might be 100 licenses of Dynamics 365 for Customer Engagement apps Professional and 10 licenses of Dynamics 365 for Customer Engagement apps Enterprise.
Identity The user account used to sign in to Customer Engagement apps. You can also use this identity to access other Microsoft Online services, such as Office 365 or SharePoint Online. Administrators can decide if they want to federate user identity management between Customer Engagement apps and on-premises Active Directory.
User account A user account assigned by an organization (work, school, non-profit) to one of their constituents (an employee, student, customer) that provides sign-in access to one or more of the organization's Microsoft cloud service subscriptions, such as Exchange Online or Customer Engagement apps. Access to an online service is controlled by the license assigned to the user account.
User accounts are stored in an organization's cloud directory within Azure Active Directory, and are typically deleted when the user leaves the organization. Organizational accounts differ from Microsoft accounts in that they are created and managed by admins in the organization, not by the user.


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HomeStatisticsDancerKelly Rowland Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Kelly Rowland Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Kelly Rowland Quick Info
Spouse Tim Weatherspoon
Kelly Rowland is an American singer, songwriter, actress, dancer, television personality, producer, and voice artist who gained popularity in the late 1990s as a member of Destiny's Child, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. The group's members included Beyoncé Knowles, Michelle Williams, LaTavia Roberson, LeToya Luckett, and Farrah Franklin. Kelly has also established herself as a solo artist and has released albums like Simply Deep, Talk a Good Game, Ms. Kelly, and Here I Am. Rowland has sold more than 40 million records as a solo artist and a further 60 million records with Destiny's Child. She was ranked at number #20 in the "100 Most Award-Winning Artists" list issued by Fuse in 2014. In addition to that, Rowland has been a part of acting projects like Merry Liddle Christmas, Merry Liddle Christmas Wedding, Empire, Love By the 10th Date, Black Is King, Think Like a Man, The Seat Filler, L.A.'s Finest, Bad Hair, Freddy vs. Jason, American Soul, Taina, The Hughleys, American Dreams, Girlfriends, A Black Lady Sketch Show, and Single Ladies.
Kelendria Trene Rowland
Kelly attended Lamar High School in Houston, Texas.
Actress, Singer, Songwriter, Dancer, Television Personality, Producer, Voice Artist
Father – Christopher Lovett
Mother – Doris Rowland Garrison
Siblings – Orlando Rowland (Older Brother)
Others – James Rowland, Jr. (Maternal Grandfather)
Tim Weatherspoon (GlobalGrind)
Earlier, she was managed by Mathew Knowles, father of Beyonce Knowles and others.
She has also been signed with The Chamber Group, Talent Agency, New York City, New York, United States.
R&B, hip hop, pop, dance
Columbia, Republic Records
Kelly Rowland has dated –
Simone Burke – RUMOR
Kieran Richardson – RUMOR
Chris Tucker – RUMOR
Chris Brown – RUMOR
Foti Kallergis (1997-1999) – She was romantically involved with Foti Kallergis from 1997 to 1999.
Maverick Carter (2001-2002) – Kelly dated Maverick Carter (who now is a marketing executive and also LeBron James' manager) from 2001 to 2002.
Nelly (2002) – RUMOR
Larry Hughes (2002) – She dated briefly the American NBA basketball player, Larry Hughes (who is 6 ft 5 inches tall) in 2002.
Roy Williams (2004-2005) – American football player, Roy Williams then came into Kelly's life and they started dating in 2004. Later, they engaged in the same year. Everything started happening rapidly and their wedding was also planned, which was scheduled to happen in March 2005. But, the duo called off their engagement in January 2005 only. Williams later replied that they don't know each other well enough to be married.
Cuda Love (2005)
Dwyane Wade (2007) – Another pro basketball player, Dwayne Wade was RUMORed to be an item with Kelly Rowland. They were seen many times together at many public places in 2007. Also, the NBA player was having issues with her wife and he was heading for a divorce at that time.
Fawaz Gruosi (May 2007) – Famous jeweler, Fawaz Gruosi was RUMORed to be an item with Rowland in May 2007. They were photographed together at many places and so the rumors started expanding out.
Tim Weatherspoon (2011-Present) – Tim Weatherspoon and Kelly started dating in 2011. In November 2013, they got engaged with each other and tied the knot in Costa Rica on May 9, 2014. They have a son named Titan Jewell Weatherspoon (b. November 4, 2014). On October 7, 2020, the couple announced that they were expecting their 2nd child together and they welcomed a son named Noah Jon in January 2021.
Kelly Rowland is of African-American descent.
Dark complexion with dark hair color and eyes.
9 (US) or 6.5 (UK) or 39.5 (EU)
Luxury car company Jaguar (2013)
Being a founding member of the R&B girl group, Destiny's Child
Kelly released her debut album Simply Deep under Columbia Records on October 28, 2002. The album sold 2.5 million copies in the whole world. It received the status of Platinum by BPI (British Phonographic Industry) and Gold in the USA, Australia, and New Zealand.
Jeanette Jenkins works out with Rowland and has also released a fitness DVD with Kelly Rowland.
Kelly Rowland Favorite Things
Food – Stroopwafels with ice cream
Flower – White Rose
Perfume – Acqua Di Gio
Movie – Soul Food (1997), The Shawshank Redemption (1994), Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022)
Rapper – Ma$e
Singer – Whitney Houston
Book – How Stella Got Her Groove Back by Terry McMillan, Waiting to Exhale by Terry McMillan
Destiny's Child Song – Confessions
Source – AngelFire.com, Us Magazine
Kelly Rowland Facts
She has a dog of breed Teacup Terrier named, Mocha.
When she was seven, Kelly, along with her mother, left her father as he was addicted to alcohol.
When she was eight (around 1989), she became a member of the group Girl's Tyme, along with Beyonce Knowles.
Whitney Houston and Janet Jackson are her biggest musical influences. Her other influences include Sade Adu.
She had done a duet with rapper Nelly titled "Dilemma". It topped the music charts globally.
In May 2009, she co-hosted the reality TV show The Fashion Show along with Isaac Mizrahi in the first season. But was replaced by Iman (fashion model) in season 2.
She is obsessed with the voice of Tevin Campbell and had a crush on him.
Her first celebrity crush was Hakeem from the '90s group The Boys.
She cannot live without LOVE.
As a member of Destiny's Child, she has received a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Recording at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California.
She talks to her mother several times a day.
She bought a house in Texas with her first major paycheck.
Kelly used to be a great burper in her 20s.
Her first car was a red-colored BMW with tan interiors. She wanted the car because Kelly Taylor from Beverly Hills, 90210 also had this one.
She loves exploring different countries of the African continent.
Kelly loves collecting antique decorative plates.
Putting olive oil on her hair, knees, and elbows is her beauty hack.
She has a weird habit of clearing her nose (even when she doesn't have a sneeze or running nose).
If she has to take 3 things to a deserted island, she would take moisturizing sunscreen, ice cold water bottle, and a snack such as almonds.
Kelly is obsessed with elephants.
Whiskey sour is her go-to cocktail.
Kelly doesn't like snakes.
She has also worked as a babysitter for a week. That was, in fact, her first job ever.
She once received stroopwafels from a fan when Kelly was in Amsterdam. That was the nicest thing she has ever received from a fan.
She has worked with TJ Maxx and The Maxx You Project in the past.
Voice Artist
Aditi Govitrikar Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ch 6: Information Communication
Wireline Channels
Wireline channels were the first used for electrical communications in the mid-nineteenth century for the telegraph. Here, the channel is one of several wires connecting transmitter to receiver. The transmitter simply creates a voltage related to the message signal and applies it to the wire(s). We must have a circuit—a closed path—that supports current flow. In the case of single-wire communications, the earth is used as the current's return path. In fact, the term ground for the reference node in circuits originated in single-wire telegraphs. You can imagine that the earth's electrical characteristics are highly variable, and they are. Single-wire metallic channels cannot support high-quality signal transmission having a bandwidth beyond a few hundred Hertz over any appreciable distance.
Figure 1. Coaxial cable consists of one conductor wrapped around the central conductor. This type of cable supports broader bandwidth signals than twisted pair, and finds use in cable television and Ethernet.
Consequently, most wireline channels today essentially consist of pairs of conducting wires (Figure 1), and the transmitter applies a message-related voltage across the pair. How these pairs of wires are physically configured greatly affects their transmission characteristics. One example is twisted pair, wherein the wires are wrapped about each other. Telephone cables are one example of a twisted pair channel. Another is coaxial cable, where a concentric conductor surrounds a central wire with a dielectric material in between. Coaxial cable, fondly called "co-ax" by engineers, is what Ethernet uses as its channel. In either case, wireline channels form a dedicated circuit between transmitter and receiver. As we shall find subsequently, several transmissions can share the circuit by amplitude modulation techniques; commercial cable TV is an example. These information-carrying circuits are designed so that interference from nearby electromagnetic sources is minimized. Thus, by the time signals arrive at the receiver, they are relatively interference- and noise-free.
Both twisted pair and co-ax are examples of transmission lines, which all have the circuit model shown in Figure 2 for an infinitesimally small length. This circuit model arises from solving Maxwell's equations for the particular transmission line geometry.
Circuit Model for a Transmission Line
Figure 2. The so-called distributed parameter model for two-wire cables has the depicted circuit model structure. Element values depend on geometry and the properties of materials used to construct the transmission line.
The series resistance comes from the conductor used in the wires and from the conductor's geometry. The inductance and the capacitance derive from transmission line geometry, and the parallel conductance from the medium between the wire pair. Note that all the circuit elements have values expressed by the product of a constant times a length; this notation represents that element values here have per-unit-length units. For example, the series resistance
has units of ohms/meter. For coaxial cable, the element values depend on the inner conductor's radius
, the outer radius of the dielectric
, the conductivity of the conductors
, and the conductivity
, dielectric constant
, and magnetic permittivity
of the dielectric as
For twisted pair, having a separation dd between the conductors that have conductivity σσ and common radius rr and that are immersed in a medium having dielectric and magnetic properties, the element values are then
The voltage between the two conductors and the current flowing through them will depend on distance xx along the transmission line as well as time. We express this dependence as v(x,t)v x t and i(x,t)i x t. When we place a sinusoidal source at one end of the transmission line, these voltages and currents will also be sinusoidal because the transmission line model consists of linear circuit elements. As is customary in analyzing linear circuits, we express voltages and currents as the real part of complex exponential signals, and write circuit variables as a complex amplitude—here dependent on distance—times a complex exponential:
. Using the transmission line circuit model, we find from KCL, KVL, and v-i relations the equations governing the complex amplitudes.
KCL at Center Node
V-I relation for RL series
Rearranging and taking the limit
yields the so-called transmission line equations.
By combining these equations, we can obtain a single equation that governs how the voltage's or the current's complex amplitude changes with position along the transmission line. Taking the derivative of the second equation and plugging the first equation into the result yields the equation governing the voltage.
This equation's solution is
Calculating its second derivative and comparing the result with our equation for the voltage can check this solution.
Our solution works so long as the quantity
satisfies
depends on frequency, and we express it in terms of real and imaginary parts as indicated. The quantities
are constants determined by the source and physical considerations. For example, let the spatial origin be the middle of the transmission line model (Figure 1). Because the circuit model contains simple circuit elements, physically possible solutions for voltage amplitude cannot increase with distance along the transmission line. Expressing γγ in terms of its real and imaginary parts in our solution shows that such increases are a (mathematical) possibility.
The voltage cannot increase without limit; because
is always positive, we must segregate the solution for negative and positive
. The first term will increase exponentially for
in this region; a similar result applies to
These physical constraints give us a cleaner solution.
This solution suggests that voltages (and currents too) will decrease exponentially along a transmission line. The space constant, also known as the attenuation constant, is the distance over which the voltage decreases by a factor of
. It equals the reciprocal of
, which depends on frequency, and is expressed by manufacturers in units of dB/m.
The presence of the imaginary part of
, also provides insight into how transmission lines work. Because the solution for
is proportional to
, we know that the voltage's complex amplitude will vary sinusoidally in space. The complete solution for the voltage has the form
The complex exponential portion has the form of a propagating wave. If we could take a snapshot of the voltage (take its picture at
), we would see a sinusoidally varying waveform along the transmission line. One period of this variation, known as the wavelength, equals
. If we were to take a second picture at some later time
, we would also see a sinusoidal voltage. Because
the second waveform appears to be the first one, but delayed—shifted to the right—in space. Thus, the voltage appeared to move to the right with a speed equal to
(assuming
). We denote this propagation speed by cc, and it equals
In the high-frequency region where
, the quantity under the radical simplifies to
, and we find the propagation speed to be
For typical coaxial cable, this propagation speed is a fraction (one-third to two-thirds) of the speed of light.
Find the propagation speed in terms of physical parameters for both the coaxial cable and twisted pair examples.
In both cases, the answer depends less on geometry than on material properties. For coaxial cable,
. For twisted pair,
By using the second of the transmission line equation
, we can solve for the current's complex amplitude. Considering the spatial region
, for example, we find that
which means that the ratio of voltage and current complex amplitudes does not depend on distance.
The quantity
is known as the transmission line's characteristic impedance. Note that when the signal frequency is sufficiently high, the characteristic impedance is real, which means the transmission line appears resistive in this high-frequency regime.
Typical values for characteristic impedance are 50 and 75 Ω.
A related transmission line is the optic fiber. Here, the electromagnetic field is light, and it propagates down a cylinder of glass. In this situation, we don't have two conductors—in fact we have none—and the energy is propagating in what corresponds to the dielectric material of the coaxial cable. Optic fiber communication has exactly the same properties as other transmission lines: Signal strength decays exponentially according to the fiber's space constant and propagates at some speed less than light would in free space. From the encompassing view of Maxwell's equations, the only difference is the electromagnetic signal's frequency. Because no electric conductors are present and the fiber is protected by an opaque "insulator," optic fiber transmission is interference-free.
From tables of physical constants, find the frequency of a sinusoid in the middle of the visible light range. Compare this frequency with that of a mid-frequency cable television signal.
You can find these frequencies from the spectrum allocation chart. Light in the middle of the visible band has a wavelength of about 600 nm, which corresponds to a frequency of
. Cable television transmits within the same frequency band as broadcast television (about 200 MHz or
). Thus, the visible electromagnetic frequencies are over six orders of magnitude higher!
To summarize, we use transmission lines for high-frequency wireline signal communication. In wireline communication, we have a direct, physical connection—a circuit—between transmitter and receiver. When we select the transmission line characteristics and the transmission frequency so that we operate in the high-frequency regime, signals are not filtered as they propagate along the transmission line: The characteristic impedance is real-valued—the transmission line's equivalent impedance is a resistor—and all the signal's components at various frequencies propagate at the same speed. Transmitted signal amplitude does decay exponentially along the transmission line. Note that in the high-frequency regime the space constant is approximately zero, which means the attenuation is quite small.
What is the limiting value of the space constant in the high frequency regime?
As frequency increases,
. In this high-frequency region,
Thus, the attenuation (space) constant equals the real part of this expression, and equals


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King Crimson 2019 Tour – Celebrating 50 Years
Article Contributed by Glass Onyon PR | Published on Monday, November 26, 2018
As part of a series of events and releases for their 50th anniversary, King Crimson's 2019 tour will include special concerts across three continents, including both festivals and headline shows.
Since the band's return to live performance in 2014, with critically acclaimed sell-out shows all over the world including two defining shows at the Roman amphitheatre in Pompeii, previously home to Pink Floyd, the audience has been reinvented, as much as the band itself:
"In Pompeii, a large percentage of the audience was young couples; KC moved into the mainstream in Italy. I walked onstage knowing that this band's position in the world has changed level." Robert Fripp
With its fiftieth anniversary, it seems that the wider world is finally ready to embrace King Crimson. A process that began with Kanye West's sampling of "21st Century Schizoid Man" for his 2010 hit "Power", now sees their song "Starless" as the soundtrack to the opening scenes of Nicholas Cage's new 2018 film "Mandy".
The band's packed three-hour shows regularly include material from twelve of their thirteen studio albums, including many of the songs from their seminal 1969 album "In The Court of the Crimson King", described by Pete Townshend, as an "uncanny masterpiece". The new 8-piece line-up plays many historic pieces which Crimson have never played live, as well as new arrangements of Crimson classics – "the music is new whenever it was written". There are also new instrumentals and songs, as well as the compositions by the three drummers, Pat Mastelotto, Gavin Harrison and Jeremy Stacey, which are a regular highlight. A unique show, where eight of the best musicians in the world play music without distraction or adornment.
King Crimson will be playing three shows at the Albert Hall in London in June 2019!
18 June - http://axs.com/uk/events/365703/an-evening-with-king-crimson-tickets?skin=aegpresentsuk
Robert Fripp's Introduction To The Guitar Circle Four-Day-Long Event
Bill Bruford's Earthworks Announce the Release of 'Heavenly Bodies - The Expanded Collection'
Prog Legends The Pineapple Thief To Begin Eagerly Anticipated Tour of North America
The Keith Emerson Estate Announces the Release of the 'Selections From Emerson Plays Emerson and Other Works' Music Transcriptions Book
Gentle Giant 'Unburied Treasure' Limited Edition 30-Disc Box Set
King Crimson's "In The Court Of The Crimson King" 50th Anniversary Series
Fri, 09/13/2019 - 10:54 am
King Crimson To Release 5 Discs Of Live Music In Their "Audio Diary 2014 - 2018"
Mon, 08/19/2019 - 9:03 am
It Was Fifty Years Ago Today - Tour 2019
Wed, 06/05/2019 - 10:45 am
King Crimson's 2019 Tour Box 2CD Now Available For Pre-order
The Pineapple Thief To Begin Tour of North America in November
The Bucket List Release Debut Album
Strawbs 50th Anniversary 3 Days Celebration in Lakewood, NJ
King Crimson Announces 2019 Tour Dates
Thu, 01/24/2019 - 9:06 am
Paul Nelson Announces Fall and Winter Tour Dates


text:
Sir John Hawkins
Queen Elizabeth's Slave Trader
Harry Kelsey
A lively portrait of a colorful Elizabethan slaver, merchant, and admiral
Although his cousin Sir Francis Drake is more famous, Sir John Hawkins (1532–1595) was a more successful seaman and played a pivotal role in the history of England and the emergence of the global slave trade. Born into a family of wealthy pirates, Hawkins became fascinated by tales of the riches of foreign lands. Early in his career he led an illegal expedition in which he captured three hundred slaves in Sierra Leone and transported them to the West Indies. There he traded them for pearls, hides, and sugar--thus giving birth to the British slave trade. His voyages were so lucrative that Queen Elizabeth herself sponsored subsequent missions. Discouraged from his career as a pirate by a near-fatal encounter with angry Spanish troops, Hawkins spent much of his later life in England at the service of the queen. Although he committed treason, murder, and adultery at various points in his career, he was nonetheless knighted in 1588 for his role in defeating the Spanish Armada. In this riveting book, Harry Kelsey, biographer of Sir Francis Drake, tells the story of this extraordinary man.
Harry Kelsey is a research scholar at the Huntington Library.
"A freshly documented and very readable biography of the second most famous of Elizabeth I's seamen and one who turns out to have suffered from almost Shakespearean self doubts about where his loyalties lay."—Peter Russell, author of Prince Henry the Navigator: A Life
"This biography constitutes the best account yet written of Hawkins as both seaman and state officer. All who are interested in the history of maritime enterprise, the origins of the slave trade, and the beginnings of the Royal Navy will benefit from reading this book."—Douglas R. Bisson, Canadian Journal of History
"This engagingly written and meticulously researched biography sheds new light on the beginnings of British involvement in the slave trade. It clearly demonstrates that the rise of the Atlantic slave trade is best understood in the context of local ambitions, national politics, and international rivalries."—Robert Harms, author of The Diligent: A Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade
"Fascinating . . . illuminating. . . . Hawkins was a 16th-century pirate, privateer, merchant, slave-merchant, leading captain against the Armada, naval administrator and dealmaker; the vitality of the life that Kelsey reanimates on the page brings to mind an Elizabethan Pepys. . . . One of the most richly and reliably detailed lives of an Elizabethan seaman yet written."—Adam Nicolson, Daily Telegraph
"[Kelsey] has produced a scholarly but highly readable biography of the man told against the backdrop of a remarkable period in the history of international power politics of England, Spain and its American colonies."—Richard Pflederer, History Today
"This book is well produced with excellent maps and portraits. The notes provide further explanations of points made in the text and offer comparisons among sources, a fine guide to the craft of history. Thus a general readership could be expected to find this book a worthy buy."—Robert McJimsey, H-Net Reviews
"Kelsey's succinct and authoritative biography, which rests on an exact and discriminating command of sources in English, Spanish and Latin, supercedes its predecessors."—Blair Worden, Sunday Telegraph
"This book about a great seaman is a work of scholarship that is, at the same time, a good read, a real-life page-turner. . . . Laws and licenses never much inhibited Sir John Hawkins, at home or abroad. The Elizabethan world is a great place to visit, but you wouldn't want to live there. But Hawkins is well worth knowing, and Harry Kelsey's book is a fine place to make his acquaintance."—George Garrett, Washington Post Book World
The Personal Rule of Charles I
J.M. Barrie and the Lost Boys
The Real Story Behind Peter Pan
Andrew Birkin
Volume 9, January 1808 - June 1809, Volume 10, July 1809 - December 1810
Joseph Farington; Edited by Kathryn Cave
George I
Ragnhild Hatton; With a new foreword by Jeremy Black
Speaker, Secretary of State and Premier Minister
Brian W. Hill
Demobbed
Coming Home After World War Two
The Queen`s Pirate
The First Circumnavigators
Unsung Heroes of the Age of Discovery
History > British Studies
History > Atlantic History
History > Maritime History
History > Renaissance


text:
Arizona town's unique July 4 celebration didn't make the Washington Post's list, but it should have
John D'Anna
The Republic | azcentral.com
The Washington Post's website has a big story on "peculiar" July Fourth celebrations around the country, but with all due respect, we think their bicoastal elite reporters need to get out more.
More to the point, they need to get to the town of Taylor in the White Mountains, which is home to one of the most peculiar celebrations of all: the firing of the anvil.
It's a tradition that dates to the late 1800s and was revived in the 1950s. The star of the show, the anvil, was used by blacksmiths in the famed Mormon Battalion as far back as 1847. It was brought to the town by pioneer Joseph S. Hancock sometime in the 1880s.
According to town's website, Taylor's early settlers came up with the idea of firing the anvil as a substitute for fireworks.
Actually, the tradition involves two anvils. One serves as the base, upon which a fairly hefty cylinder of black powder is placed. Then the 1847 anvil, which weighs 80 pounds, is placed on top of it, and a rolled up newspaper is used to light the fuse.
The result is a spectacularly loud explosion that shoots the anvil as high as 15 feet in the air.
Sure, other communities around the country fire anvils into the air on the Fourth of July — it's a tradition that actually dates to merry old England and was used to honor St. Clement, the patron saint of blacksmiths.
But Taylor's celebration is unique. For starters, it begins at 4 a.m., so forget about sleeping in on the holiday. Secondly, they fire the anvil all morning all around the town, and residents follow it in a sort of anvil parade. And lastly, it always ends with pancakes.
In the meantime, some Arizona traditions are getting noticed nationally. This year's National Geographic rundown of unique Independence Day celebrations didn't mention the anvil, but it did include historic Bisbee's famous and harrowing mile-and-a-half coaster race down Tombstone Canyon Boulevard, a tradition that dates to 1914.
But that's a story for another day.
John D'Anna is a reporter on the Arizona Republic/azcentral.com storytelling team. He loved to blow stuff up as a kid, so anvil stories are right up his alley. Send him story ideas to john.danna@arizonarepublic.com, and follow him on Twitter @azgreenday.


Wellspring Counseling Services, Inc has started a network for private Practitioners which allows members to have on-call coverage and other opportunities such as reduced cost for continuing education units for WCS sponsored events. This opportunity will include scheduled case conferences one to two times per month. During this conference, the practitioners will be discussing difficult cases. This will satisfy the state mandate of using our peer's input. We will also discuss/set-up on-call schedules as per your need.
As a way to provide private practitioners in Washington County and surrounding areas the same opportunities outpatient mental health clinics afford, we would like to extend an invitation for you to be part of the Network of Private Practitioners of Hagerstown (NPPH) .
The fee for joining is the provision of lunch on a rotating basis and a $25.00 monthly membership.
Consider joining this network to enlighten and encourage one another with your unique professional experience.


Finally Lilg and I are back again with the long awaited sequel to Griswold the Goblin. It's been a long journey for us, with many setbacks, sidetracks and almost a year of development. In this first chapter of this new on going saga called "Islands of Fire" you must help Griswold find the Goblin City. You will have to collect many items, solve puzzles, play several mini games and even navigate a labyrinth to help Griswold in this new epic adventure. Lot's of thanks must go to all the people who tested the game and to Tom Fulp for all the help he's given us!


Check out the latest video we created for SPACES! It features Johnny Coleman an amazing artist and currently a professor at Oberlin College. He was great to interview and understanding the time, thought and effort put into his piece took it to another emotion level for us. We highly recommend you check out this installation!
This project, creating during Johnny Coleman's winter residency with SPACES, imagines the passing of the spirit of a formerly enslaved child. It has developed through deep research of the underground railroad, with particular attention to historic sites in Kentucky, Ohio, and along the Canadian border. The installation is a meditation on life, community, and mourning.
We love having the Somewhere in the Middle podcast record here at Black Valve! Katie and Julia are always tons of fun and light of the room with their positive energy! Check out their latest episode with Kristina Kovacs!
We share insanely laughable stories of what it is to be an upper millennial in today's world. We share stories about dating, traveling, college life, loss of loved ones, abuse and assault, self-love, equality, body positivity, chasing your passions and so much more. Our tales are raw and powerful, packed with humor and good advice. "Somewhere In The Middle" is available on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Google Podcats, Breaker, Overcast, RadioPublic, Castbox, Pocket Casts, and Stitcher!
Check out this live and unplugged version of Greed by Mimi Arden! They are currently raising money for a new EP so be sure to support them! ! We created this video in partnership with our music blog Pulmonary Sound. Be sure to check out that site as well!
Check out the second Live From Bad Racket we did with Gatherers!


It seems to me that the players that moan about it the most are the ones that play on it the least. So Feyenord lose 3-0 and it is the pitches fault?
Of course the ball behaves differently on an artificial pitch but it should not be beyond the ability of professionals to adapt their game to it. Just as they have to adapt to playing on some of the dreadful pitches in the lower leagues.
As the industry will point out there are big differences between proper 3G or 4G pitches and cheap ones.
The main difference to me is the propensity to grass burns making tackling harder but not many defenders tackle any more anyway and you can always wear leggings if you like to do good old fashioned sliding tackles (and risk the wrath of the referee).
But this is an issue that polarises opinion. Some will never be convinced that plastic pitches are not the devil's work.
I had an email from o2 telling me 4g was coming to Bath, have the board something to tell us?


A high pulse repetiiton rate and easy spot size changes allowing for faster treatments and greater penetration depth, while low fluence values ensure minimal side effects while achieving excellent clinical outcomes. In addition to the QSW Ruby laser's long track record of proven efficacy and safety, the Sinon system has been designed with state-of-the-art innovations that maximize the safety of the treatment.
Our FDA cleared, Q-switched Duality is an industry leader because of its safety, power, and unprecedented efficacy. The system's Q-switched technology creates quick, highly intense pulses of energy that effectively treat the target area but leave adjacent skin unharmed.
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The Duality features best-in-class power production. Our Astanza laser system combines two essential wavelengths of energy, giving us the capabilities to treat a wide range of skin conditions.


text:
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
www.ctvnews.ca
Rachel Aiello, Ottawa News Bureau Online Producer
OTTAWA – The Aga Khan is in Ottawa this week and is expected to share a meal with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau during his visit.
The Aga Khan is in town over the next four days to celebrate his Diamond Jubilee, according to Global Affairs Canada. On Wednesday, the Aga Khan will attend a dinner at the Governor General's residence, Rideau Hall, and Trudeau will be in attendance, the Prime Minister's Office has confirmed.
Governor General Julie Payette will host the dinner, and according to her office it will "bring together a cross-section of Canadians who, over the last 60 years, have worked with the Aga Khan and his community, both in Canada and abroad."
The billionaire spiritual leader of the Shia Ismaili Muslims became an often-repeated name in the House of Commons last year, as a result of the ethics controversy surrounding a Trudeau family and friends trip to the Aga Khan's private island in the Bahamas in 2016.
In December 2017, the federal Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner found that Trudeau broke the federal ethics act over accepting the trip, travelling on the Aga Khan's helicopter, and not arranging his affairs or recusing himself from discussions that could place him in a conflict of interest, as the Aga Khan's foundation was registered to lobby Trudeau at the time.
Trudeau apologized, saying he considered the Aga Khan a close family friend and that's why he didn't think to run it by the ethics commissioner before going. He has pledged to report any family trips in the future.
Trudeau's family is currently residing at Rideau Cottage, which is on the grounds of Rideau Hall.
In addition to being a spiritual leader, the Aga Khan is the founder and chairman of the Aga Khan Development Network; and has received millions of dollars from the Canadian government for international development work.
"Canada congratulates His Highness the Aga Khan, on his Diamond Jubilee," the government said in a statement announcing his visit.
Statement by the Prime Minister on the birthday of His Highness the Aga Khan 2018-12-13


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


One-of-a-kind luxury fashion jewelry piece with astonishing sparkle and classy look.
This unique, striking fashion shoulder jewelry piece has been entirely handmade by me.
Matches perfectly with the strapless dress/shirt as well as with a dress/shirt with long sleeves.
Made of clear crystals-glass pearl-silver tone base pendant; silver color metal chains; beautiful, sparkling clear crystal and silver color charms completing a choker; and of glass rhinestone chains. The silver tone chains and clear crystal rhinestones give an amazing glow when moving, and a luxurious look to the body figure.
Unfortunately, the pictures don't show the smooth feeling and shiny look of the chains.
It fits sizes: "XS", "S", "M", "L" and "XL".
While working as a College Instructor and a Career Specialist, I could not find enough time to do things which I really wanted and which were meaningful and enjoyable to me. They are: creating, fashion, and art. Once I finished my successful career, I was finally able to devote my time to what I always wanted to do. Classy and elegant fashion has always been attractive to me as well as jewelry which helps in accessorizing every outfit.


text:
First Look at Gotham Season 3 Cast Portraits
August 8, 2016 Neil Vagg News, TV News
Season 2 banner art for 'Gotham'.
Poster art for season 3 of 'Gotham on Fox
Whilst the DC Comics Extended Universe continues to ride high at the box off it's TV arm is gearing up for the new season. With 'Supergirl' moving to The CW that leaves 'Gotham' as one of the companies only remaining outliers over on Fox.
'Gotham' season 2 introduced several high profile Batman villains to the franchise and season 3 looks to be no different. News broke several weeks ago that Maggie Geha will be taking over the role of Pamela Isley as the character is reintroduced. The first teaser poster (left) confirmed what fans were expecting that the Court of Owls will be a major villain when the show returns.
Fox has now released a gallery of character portraits for the upcoming season including our first look at the new Ivy. Check out the shots in the gallery below!
Season 3 of 'Gotham' premieres Monday, Sept. 19 (8:00-9:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX.
GOTHAM: Ben McKenzie. Season 2 of GOTHAM premieres Monday, Sept. 19 (8:00-9:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX. ©2016 Fox Broadcasting Co. Cr: Kevin Lynch/FOX
GOTHAM: Jessica Lucas. Season 2 of GOTHAM premieres Monday, Sept. 19 (8:00-9:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX. ©2016 Fox Broadcasting Co. Cr: Kevin Lynch/FOX
GOTHAM: David Mazouz. Season 2 of GOTHAM premieres Monday, Sept. 19 (8:00-9:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX. ©2016 Fox Broadcasting Co. Cr: Kevin Lynch/FOX
GOTHAM: Jada Pinkett Smith. Season 2 of GOTHAM premieres Monday, Sept. 19 (8:00-9:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX. ©2016 Fox Broadcasting Co. Cr: Kevin Lynch/FOX
GOTHAM: Drew Powell. Season 2 of GOTHAM premieres Monday, Sept. 19 (8:00-9:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX. ©2016 Fox Broadcasting Co. Cr: Kevin Lynch/FOX
GOTHAM: Camren Bicondova. Season 2 of GOTHAM premieres Monday, Sept. 19 (8:00-9:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX. ©2016 Fox Broadcasting Co. Cr: Kevin Lynch/FOX
GOTHAM: Robin Lord Taylor. Season 2 of GOTHAM premieres Monday, Sept. 19 (8:00-9:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX. ©2016 Fox Broadcasting Co. Cr: Kevin Lynch/FOX
GOTHAM: Erin Richards. Season 2 of GOTHAM premieres Monday, Sept. 19 (8:00-9:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX. ©2016 Fox Broadcasting Co. Cr: Kevin Lynch/FOX
Batman producer Benjamin Melniker passes away
February 28, 2018 Neil Vagg Film News, News
Some sad news today for the film industry and Batman fans in general. Any fans of the Caped Crusader will have noticed two names appearing […]
The new 'Wonder Woman' trailer is here!
March 12, 2017 Neil Vagg Film News, News
Yesterday we promised you that a new 'Wonder Woman' trailer was coming. Sadly it arrived whilst all us UK folk were asleep but as you […]
'Green Lantern Corps' rumoured to be circling 'Mission Impossible' director
March 6, 2018 Neil Vagg Film News, News
That Hashtag Show is back with some new DC Film rumours to excite us all! This time they're bringing us news on the long gestating Green Lantern […]


text:
Q: Inferring $d$ in $dx$ as derivative? For few problems now, I've made substitutions by inferring $d$ in $dx$ as derivative.
An example is in the proof of
$$\int_a^bf(a+b-x)dx=\int_a^b f(x)dx$$
where one notes that "if we infer $d$ as derivative", then
$$-d(a+b-x)=dx$$
and we can write
$$\int_a^bf(a+b-x)dx=-\int_a^b f(a+b-x)d(a+b-x)$$
$$=-(F(a)-F(b))=F(b)-F(a)=\int_a^b f(x)dx$$
This "inferring" seems legit, but is it and what's it that I'm really doing here with the $d$?

A: First note that
$$\int_a^b f(x)\ \mathrm dx=\int_a^b f(t)\ \mathrm dt$$
Since the function and the limits are equivalent, then the variable of integration that we use does not affect the result. Now for your integral we have
$$\int_a^b f(a+b-x)\ \mathrm dx$$
Using $u$-substitution, we have
$$u=a+b-x\Rightarrow -\mathrm du=\mathrm dx$$
Which implies that
$$-\int_b^a f(u)\ \mathrm du=\int_a^b f(u)\ \mathrm du=\int_a^b f(x)\ \mathrm dx$$
Therefore
$$\int_a^b f(a+b-x)\ \mathrm dx=\int_a^b f(x)\ \mathrm dx$$


text:
Under the Hollywood Sign
History and Filmmaking in the Heart of Hollywood
Awakened By Impending Death: The Transformational Heroes of "Ikiru" and "Breaking Bad"
Bio/Hope Anderson, Writer/Director and Author of this Blog
Considering Dede Allen: The Editor as Revolutionary
Peg Entwistle and Virginia Cherrill: Opposite Destinies, Linked by a Handbag
Setsuko Hara: Ozu's Muse, Forever Young
The Wide-Ranging Genius of Polly Platt
The New Documentary, Part I: "Going Clear"
April 25, 2015 § 2 Comments
In the late 90s, I took a UCLA Extension course in directing whose instructor declared, "There is no more objective truth in documentaries than [in] feature films." I couldn't have disagreed more. Documentary films–as opposed to the opinion piece or docu-drama–are the converse of feature films, with a distinct set of rules:
1. Don't make things happen. Rather than forming an opinion and then trying to prove it, documentary filmmakers shoot first and organize later.
2. The script comes last. Any narration is based on the footage, as is the structure of the film. Documentaries are made in the editing room.
3. Don't mess with the timeline. With the exception of interviews, events are shown in the order of occurrence.
4. No pictures, no story. All narration must be illustrated by images, preferably moving images, followed by still photos and illustrations. Re-enactments, if any, are a last resort.
Because I've followed these rules in all my documentaries, I've had to make hard choices, particularly where images are concerned. When Jim Thompson's heir failed to follow through on his promise to let me use family photographs, I had to cut short the section on Jim's youth. Later, a total lack of photographs of Peter the Hermit, the original Hollywood costumed character, led me to drop his story from "Under the Hollywood Sign." In the same film, I reluctantly made a re-enactment of Peg Entwistle's final hour because I lacked photos and artifacts. In both Peter and Peg's cases, I later received a flood of photographs and information, some of which can be found on this blog, but in Peter's case it came too late to be included in the film.
While I don't regret my strict approach, it doesn't jibe with recent trends. The preferred model for new documentaries is the three-act screenplay, which requires a dramatic arc. Stories unfold like police procedurals, with satisfactory conclusions, while unrecorded events are generously re-enacted, often in lurid slow-motion. All of this makes for compelling entertainment, but is it real?
Alex Gibney's "Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief," is a good example of the new approach. Essentially a filmed version of Lawrence Wright's book of the same name, the film employs traditional elements–interviews, archival footage, B-roll of Scientology landmarks. But it is also loaded with re-enactments that tell L. Ron Hubbard's story and those of his disaffected followers. So we see recreated auditing sessions using the E-Meter, typewriters, explanatory charts and lots and lots of stars (the planetary kind, though there are archivals of John Travolta and Tom Cruise as well).
Absolutely nothing is left to the viewer's imagination. To illustrate his subjects' retelling of Scientology's creation myth, Gibney creates a colorful montage of 1950s Americana, spaceships, volcanoes and planets. And in case the term "Operating Thetan" proves too difficult to comprehend, he inserts a shot the words, neatly typed, on a piece of paper. The paper is still in the typewriter, one of many such shots, lest we forget that L. Ron Hubbard was a writer.
Gibney's treatment of the interviews is curious. Though his interviewees–who include not only Wright but former Scientologists Paul Haggis, Jason Beghe and Spanky Taylor–are without exception eloquent, compelling and worthy of screen time, Gibney does everything possible not to show them talking. When not cutting to re-enactments, he cuts to graphics–anything to avoid screen time for a talking head. The result is an undermining of the interviewees, whose stories, after all, are the crux of "Going Clear."
Next time: "The Jinx."
Tagged: "Going Clear", "Under the Hollywood Sign", Alex Gibney, Hope Anderson, Jim Thompson, Silk King
§ 2 Responses to The New Documentary, Part I: "Going Clear"
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Author: underthehollywoodsign
Categories: "Jim Thompson, Silk King", "Under the Hollywood Sign", Actors, Directors, Documentaries, Filmmaking, Hollywood, Los Angeles, Religion, Scientology


text:
Black Jack ASSUS
Guilty silence!!
Algorithmos System
Mathematical Proofs
Blackjack Library
MIT Blackjack Team
December 10, 2014 August 19, 2020 | by Blackjack ASSUS
"The first year I played, we returned 154 percent to our investors. That's after paying off expenses. You try and do that on Wall Street." – Jeff Ma, member of the MIT Blackjack Team.
How did a bunch of college kids from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University become the most feared blackjack team on earth in the 1980's and '90's. Individual players on that blackjack card counting squad routinely made $100,000 to $180,000 per session in profits, and Las Vegas treated them like royalty. That is, until they found out these fresh faced blackjack bandits were using an intricate card counting system and confederates to uncover the most favorable circumstances for a big bet. While blackjack card counting itself by using your brain is not illegal, the MIT team which has been the subject of films like the documentary "Breaking Vegas" and the more recent Hollywood production "21" sometimes went above and beyond simply using great math skills, and paid the price. But not until after winning tens of millions of dollars at blackjack and bringing Vegas to its knees.
And if you think the claims above made by Jeff Ma of 154% returns are a little outlandish, they actually started off much better than that. Bill Kaplan is a 1980 Harvard MBA graduate who had run a very successful blackjack team out of Las Vegas in the late 1970's, and in 1977 used a blackjack card counting strategy to generate a 35X rate of return over a nine-month period (that's turning $1,000 into $36,000 in 9 months). In 1980, Kaplan headed up a team of MIT and Harvard students that hit Las Vegas using formal management procedures and approaching a blackjack card counting and betting system as a business. On August 1, 1980 that original MIT team began with a stake of $89,000, with player names like Massar, Jonathan, Goose, and Big Dave doubling the original stakes in less than 10 weeks. An investor prospectus had estimated profits of $170 per hour, and actual play delivered realized profits of $162.50 per hour. Mostly undergraduates, the MIT team, as it came to be known, earned across-the-board an average of over $80 an hour while investors enjoyed annualized profits of 250%.
All this while Las Vegas showered the young players with free rooms, lavish suites and other Sin City comps. Andy Bloch, now a professional poker player that holds two electrical engineering degrees from MIT and a Juris Doctorate from Harvard Law School, was one of the MIT blackjack members. He has claimed "tens of millions" of dollars won by his fellow teammates and subsequent team members, and it is hard to argue with that estimate. And all those millions started to draw attention. Henry Houh, at the time a grad student at MIT, noticed his office-mate lugging around thousands of dollars of casino chips at work. Saddled with massive debt, he eagerly joined the card counting team, stating, "It was great fun." With plenty of "crazy stories" of partying and staying in $1,000 a night suites complements of Las Vegas casinos, Houh also said that the MIT blackjack team was the reason it took him 13 years to finish school.
But these brilliant blackjack brains did not simply decide to get together and then hit Las Vegas. The mysterious Mister M and Kaplan put potential blackjack team candidates through grueling training sessions. A fully trained card counter then had to undergo a "trial by fire" final exam by playing through 8 six-deck shoes without mistakes, all while being lambasted with loud noises, music and other distractions typical to the average casino. Players learned to stagger their betting patterns as to disguise the fact that they were counting cards and waiting for the perfect scenario. They would then make a massive bet when they had an extreme advantage, and while losses naturally occurred, the profits were far greater. Advanced techniques like ace tracking and shuffle tracking were also employed, but John Chang, an MIT undergraduate that joined the team in late 1980, stated that the most consistent profits came from straight blackjack card counting.
Playing throughout the '80s, and growing to as many as 35 players in 1984, a full 22 different partnerships composed MIT blackjack teams from 1979 through 1989. A total of 70 people played at one time or another in some capacity, either as card counters, "Big Players", or in other supporting roles. Many times a player would count cards at a blackjack table while placing small bets without wavering his play. When the table was right for the picking, that player would signal someone sitting at a nearby bar or appearing to simply be watching, and that Big Player would swoop into the table for a single large bet, collect and leave. Incredibly enough, every single MIT blackjack team was successful during that tenure, paying in some cases over 300% per year to investors. In 1992 and '93, MIT blackjack team members Bill Kaplan, J.P. Massar and John Chang formed Strategic Investments as a limited partnership to run the blackjack card counting enterprise. Through the early and mid-90s, the MIT team grew to nearly 80 players, with 30 players playing simultaneously at different casinos around the world. While blackjack teams consistently come and go, the MIT blackjack card counting team of the 1980s and '90s will always live on in memory as one of the most brash and successful blackjack teams of all-time.
Previous Randomization
Next Blackjack Tournament Strategy


text:
<?php

namespace App\System\StatisticsGenerator\Generators;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

use App\System\StatisticsGenerator\Generators\BaseGenerator;
use App\Node\Node;

class NodeGenerator extends BaseGenerator
{
    /**
     * Run scripts.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function generate()
    {
        $this->count();
        $this->members();
        $this->customers();
        $this->producers();
        $this->products();
    }

    /**
     * Generate node count.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    private function count()
    {
        $total = Node::count();
        $query = ['key' => 'node_count', 'data' => $total];
        $this->insertOrUpdate($query);
    }

    /**
     * Generate current membership count per node.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    private function members()
    {
        $rows = DB::table('user_node_links')
        ->select('node_id', 'user_id')
        ->get();

        $data = [];
        foreach ($rows as $row) {
            if (!isset($data[$row->node_id])) {
                $data[$row->node_id] = 0;
            }

            $data[$row->node_id] += 1;
        }

        $query = ['key' => 'node_members', 'data' => json_encode($data)];
        $this->insertOrUpdate($query);
    }

    /**
     * Generate total number of ordering customers per node.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    private function customers()
    {
        $rows = DB::table('order_items')
        ->select(DB::raw('node_id, count(*) as count'))
        ->groupBy('node_id')
        ->get();

        $data = [];
        foreach ($rows as $row) {
            if (!isset($data[$row->node_id])) {
                $data[$row->node_id] = 0;
            }

            $data[$row->node_id] = $row->count;
        }

        $query = ['key' => 'node_customers', 'data' => json_encode($data)];
        $this->insertOrUpdate($query);
    }

    /**
     * Generate current number of producers per node.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    private function producers()
    {
        $rows = DB::table('producer_node_links')
        ->select(DB::raw('node_id, count(DISTINCT producer_id) AS count'))
        ->groupBy('node_id')
        ->get();

        $data = [];
        foreach ($rows as $row) {
            if (!isset($data[$row->node_id])) {
                $data[$row->node_id] = 0;
            }

            $data[$row->node_id] = $row->count;
        }

        $query = ['key' => 'node_producers', 'data' => json_encode($data)];
        $this->insertOrUpdate($query);
    }

    /**
     * Generate current number of products per node.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    private function products()
    {
        $rows = DB::table('product_node_delivery_links')
        ->join('products', 'products.id', '=', 'product_node_delivery_links.product_id')
        ->select(DB::raw('node_id, count(DISTINCT product_id) AS count'))
        ->where('is_hidden', false)
        ->groupBy('node_id')
        ->get();

        $data = [];
        foreach ($rows as $row) {
            if (!isset($data[$row->node_id])) {
                $data[$row->node_id] = 0;
            }

            $data[$row->node_id] = $row->count;
        }

        $query = ['key' => 'node_products', 'data' => json_encode($data)];
        $this->insertOrUpdate($query);
    }
}


text:
FROM PROVIDENT FUND TO NATIONAL INSURANCE
Social Security came to St Lucia in 1970 in the form of the National Provident Fund (NPF). The NPF was a form of compulsory savings, where both employer and employee made contributions on behalf of the employee.
The NPF in St Lucia received five percent (5%) of gross wages paid to an employee (up to an established maximum) together with an equal amount paid by his employer. These funds would be accumulated at the Fund and paid with interest when the worker made a legitimate claim.
Employees joined the Fund at age sixteen and had to contribute up to age sixty when they received a lump sum payment made up of their contributions plus interest accrued thereon.
The NPF had provisions for three main benefits:-
old age benefit
On registering with the Fund, a contributor had to name a beneficiary who would receive the benefits if he died before attaining the requisite age.
This beneficiary did not have to be a relative, dependent or a parent, it was sufficient that this person was a friend of the member and had consented that his name appear in the records. However, at time of death only the named beneficiary could make a claim for the benefit and it did not matter that the deceased had dependents, or was married subsequent to his completing the application form, only the named beneficiary would receive the benefit. This was Survivors benefit with the NPF.
Invalidity benefit was also available from the NPF. Should a contributor who had not attained the retirement age become permanently incapable of work once he was certified to be permanently incapacitated by a doctor, he would receive his benefit made up of his total contributions plus interest.
NPF worked well for a while. In fact, it was a beautiful system because of its simplicity. Persons contributed and they received their monies when they qualified. However, the Provident Fund's simplicity was also its major disadvantage, for among other things, it failed to take care of its contributors between the time they registered at sixteen years and when they were ready to retire.
It was inevitable that workers would get sick, women would have babies and for a host of other reasons persons would be incapable of earning for short periods during their working life and there was no means of financial benefits from the system if they were not receiving wages from their employer.
Another reason was that in the case of survivors benefit, a beneficiary did not have to be a dependent of the deceased, merely someone named by him. Consequently it was a common occurrence that while dependents would be left in need, beneficiaries who were better off would still receive a NPF benefit upon the death of a breadwinner.
This also happened because persons did not change the name of their beneficiaries after they got married or started their own families.
A further disadvantage of the system was that it made lump sum payments for all benefits and, in many instances, the recipients of these sums never possessed such substantial sums of money at any one time, and in some cases they squandered it, or spent it unwisely and ultimately became paupers in the charge of the state, causing the same ill that the NPF was designed to eliminate.
For those and other reasons, the NPF was repealed and replaced by a National Insurance Scheme (NIS) in April 1979. The National Insurance Act No. 10 of 1978 converted the NPF into the NIS. The Act became effective in April 1979. The Act together with the Regulations ( No. 10 of 1984) guide the operations of the National Insurance Corporation (NIC) in St Lucia.
In administration, the NIC was very similar to the NPF. It retained all the Staff of the NPF, it collected its contributions in the same way and it operated from the same premises. However, it had many more benefits than the Provident Fund.
It provided for payment of old age pensions and old age grants instead of only a lump sum at retirement.
NIC pays survivors pensions to dependents of the deceased instead of a named beneficiary.
Invalidity pensions and grants are also paid.
In addition there are a number of short term benefits: sickness, maternity and employment injury.
The benefits are divided into long term and short term, they are called so because some of them, like the pensions are paid over a long period of time and a claimant would have to contribute for a number of years in order to qualify.
Each benefit has qualifying conditions which must be satisfied before the benefit can be paid.
The National Insurance was created by statute and operates as a statutory corporation. It is administered by a Board. Currently, the NIC falls under the portfolio of the Minister of Finance.
The Board's life is three years and all members are eligible for reappointment after their term. This current Board was appointed in March 2012.
There is also an Investment Committee which guides the Board on matters of finance and investment. However all investment decisions are taken by the board
The Board and/or the Investment Committee meet as often as is necessary to conduct NIC business. The day to day administration of the NIC Office is done by a Director and the staff of the board.
The NIC is not by any way static in its operations. It tries to formulate its policies and administration so that as closely as possible it can satisfy the aims and aspirations of the contributions to the programme.
The Act which governs the NIC stipulates that at least once in every five years the operations of the NIC must be reviewed by an Actuary (a highly trained statistician who advises insurance companies on risks and premiums). The Actuary reports on the state of the NIC and makes any recommendation necessary to make the programme viable, and as close as possible to satisfy the needs of the contributors.
You are here: About Us » The Corporation » History


ASAN's been working on electric skin shock and JRC issues for like. Ever? Since 2012-2014, at least when they started publishing stuff on their website about it. So I think that's important to note – that they didn't start doing it just this year.
(So have other autistic activists, like Lydia Brown and Shain Neumeier).
Oops, that's a good point. Just because they posted a statement about it recently doesn't mean that's the first time they did something. My mistake!


text:
Episode 28: The Keddie Cabin Murders
Most horror movies begin with a black screen reading "Based on a True Story," and while many of them are, it isn't often that the story behind the plot is even more horrifying than the film itself. This, however, is one of those cases. The movie, "The Strangers," is a nightmare-inducing project that follows a young couple as they fight for their lives in a remote home that is being stalked by masked murderers. It's inspiration, the famous Keddie Cabin murders, is a story that is somehow even more spine-chilling. On Saturday, April 11th, 1981, a mother and three children were attacked in their home in the Keddie Resort in California. Three of them were found murdered, while one of the children would remain a missing person until years after that horrific night. The identity of their killer is still unknown to this day, though the investigation is ongoing, and police have expressed that they are more confident than ever that this case will finally have an answer. If you are interested in learning more about this case, all of the sources are listed below. If you have an opinion or a theory of your own to share, feel free to visit the podcast on YouTube or on Instagram @crimebistropodcast to leave a comment and see some behind-the-scenes updates on the exciting cases to come!
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/women-who-stray/201910/forget-me-not-the-persistent-myth-repressed-memories
https://www.historicmysteries.com/keddie-cabin-murders/
https://www.truecrimeneversleeps.com/the-keddie-cabin-murders/
https://california.hometownlocator.com/ca/plumas/keddie.cfm
https://www.thecrimemag.com/keddie-murders/
https://lostsoulsofamerica.com/2022/01/12/unsolved-in-california-the-case-of-the-keddie-cabin-murders/
https://people.com/crime/keddie-cabin-28-murders-5-things-know/
https://people.com/crime/keddie-cabin-28-murders-sheila-sharp-update/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USL6P8haroY


text:
SOCIAL MEDIA COMPETITIONS TERMS & CONDITIONS
FESTIVE COMPETITION TERMS AND CONDITIONS
By entering the promotion, entrants confirm that they have read and agree to be bound by these terms and conditions and all rules and guidelines applicable to the use of Instagram, including the rules located at https://help.instagram.com/581066165581870.
Promoter: The Promoter is Milk Train (the "Promoter").
a. To enter this promotion, entrants must follow @milktraincafe and @hornbyofficial on Instagram, like the post and tag a friend in the comments on the relevant post.
b. Entrants must be UK residents, aged 18 years or over. This promotion is not open to any employees of the Promoter or any of their affiliate companies, their families, agents or anyone else connected with this promotion.
c. Multiple entries are allowed per person provided a different friend tag is used. Entries submitted on behalf of another person will not be accepted and joint submissions are not allowed. Incomplete, illegible, misdirected or late entries will not be accepted.
d. If applicable, copyright in all entries shall belong to the Promoter. Entries shall not be returned to entrants.
e. No purchase is necessary; however, internet access is required.
4. Promotion Period: The promotion is open to entries from 00.00 BST on 6th December 2020 until 23.59 BST on 11th December 2020.
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b. The prize is non-refundable, non-transferable and non-exchangeable and there is no cash alternative offered. The Promoter reserves the right to offer an alternative prize of equal or greater value.
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12. If any of these terms and conditions are found by a court or regulator to be invalid or unenforceable the remaining other provisions shall continue to apply.
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This entry was posted on July 2, 2010 at 9:07 pm and is filed under Abortion, abortion clinic safety, Abortion death, Abortionist, DeHenre, pro-choice, Pro-choice law breakers, pro-choice violence with tags Abortion clinic, Abortion Patient, Anti-abortion, Botched abortion, George Tiller, Malachy DeHenre, Nayasha, New Woman Medical Center, pro-choice, Pro-choice law breakers, pro-choice violence, shooting, violence.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Is he still in jail or what? I could not find him when I checked the list of inmates at Parchman Farm.


text:
Pine beetles infest Fort McAllister trees
About two acres of pines to be removed
Fort McAllister State Historic Park is known for its beauty and history. - photo by File
The southern pine beetle has invaded Fort McAllister, according to a press release issued Friday by the park.
Delete-Merge UpAbout two acres of pine trees have been infested by the beetles and will be removed, according to park ranger Shirley Rowe. It was unclear Friday when the trees would be removed or how much the cost will be.
Here's the press release:
"Due to a recently discovered infestation of Pine Beetles in state park property, a large area of pine trees must be removed. This will have an impact on access to the Redbird Creek Trail. There will be days where hikers will not be allowed to use the trail due to safety concerns. No date has been set for the tree removal at this point, but it will be within the next few weeks. We are working closely with Georgia DNR and Forestry and hope to have this completed as soon as possible."
The beetles attack pine trees stressed by drought, disease, too much rain or overcrowding. They have caused infestations in other areas in Coastal Georgia as well. It's unclear how many acres in Bryan County have been impacted, but forestry officials say the infestations occur in cycles roughly every 8-12 years.
The best way to prevent damage is to remove not only the damaged trees, but create a buffer aroud them to keep the insects from spreading.


The Makro-Planar T* 2/100 is the fastest macro lens currently on the market and bridges the divide of distance to create breathtaking closeness. The lens creates interrelationships where distance used to be, and enables the photographer to design unique compositions. This high-speed macro lens is perfectly suited to long working distances, e.g. portraits. Its precise mechanical components with a long angle of focus rotation allow for accurate control, critical for close-focus macro photography.
Duclos Lenses pioneered the DSLR lens movement by bringing high-end cinema lens features to smaller, lighter still photography lenses. Zeiss offers a wide range of focal lengths that are very well suited for cinema when combined with the Duclos Lenses Cine-Mod. Ranging from 15mm all the way to 135mm, the ZE primes are an excellent option for just about any project utilizing an active Canon EF Mount.
• The 100mm ZE utilizes a larger focus gear with the Cine-Mod® due to it's macro focus travel.


text:
Q: How to mapping joined collection to anonymous objects or namedtupple collections? Are you know tools for mapping dict to anonymous object with inner collection?
I have some source of data:
data = [
    {
        "SpacehipId": 1,
        "SpacehipName": "Independence",
        "OfficerId": 1,
        "OfficerName": "John Smith"
    },
    {
        "SpacehipId": 1,
        "SpacehipName": "Independence",
        "OfficerId": 2,
        "OfficerName": "Steven Smith"
    },
    {
        "SpacehipId": 2,
        "SpacehipName": "Liberty",
        "OfficerId": 3,
        "OfficerName": "Michel Smith"
    }
]

And I need a function that will take this data, and return objects with which I can work something like this:
mapping = [
    {
        "objectName": "spaceShip",
        "keys": ["SpacehipId","SpacehipName"]
    },
    {
        "objectName": "spaceShip.Crew",
        "keys": ["OfficerId","OfficerName"]
    }
]

result = blackboxfunction(data, mapping)

Result of blackboxfunction function work, will be just like this:
>>> print(result[0].SpacehipId)
1
>>> print(result[1].Crew[0].OfficerName)
Michel Smith

What the tools and lib I should use for implement blackboxfunction?

A: You can use the namedtuple collection, which will then support your preferred syntax.
from collections import namedtuple

Spaceship = namedtuple('Spaceship', 'spaceshipID spaceshipName officerID officerName')

x = Spaceship(1, "Independece", 1, "John Smith")
x.spaceshipName

Even simpler you can define this function to convert any dictionary to a namedtuple:
def convert(dictionary, name):
    return namedtuple(name, dictionary.keys())(**dictionary)

then use it like:
d = {
        "SpacehipId": 2,
        "SpacehipName": "Liberty",
        "OfficerId": 3,
        "OfficerName": "Michel Smith"
    }

convert(d, "Spaceship")

So you can easily transform all your data using:
[convert(d, "Spaceship") for d in data]

A: class Object():
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.__dict__ = data

def groupBy(data, fields):
    hashes = {}
    items = {}
    for d in data:
        group = {g: d[g] for g in d.keys() if g in fields}
        h = sum([hash(d[value]) for value in group])
        if hashes.get(h) == None:
            hashes[h] = group

        item = {f: d[f] for f in d.keys() if f not in fields}
        if items.get(h) == None:
            items[h] = []
        items[h].append(item)

    return [{**hashes[h], **{'data': items[h]}} for h in hashes]

def joinedDictToObjects(data, mapping):
    mappedFields = [field for m in mapping for field in mapping[m]]
    groupFields = [field for field in data[0].keys() if field not in mappedFields]
    grouped = groupBy(data, groupFields)

    result = []
    for g in grouped:
        objRaw = {key: g[key] for key in g if key not in ['data']}
        for m in mapping:
            objRaw[m] = [Object({a: g['data'][i][a] for a in g['data'][i] if a in mapping[m]}) for i, item in enumerate(g['data'])]
        result.append(Object(objRaw))

    return result

Using:
mapping = { "Crew": ["OfficerId", "OfficerName"] }
result = joinedDictToObjects(data, mapping)

Out:
>>> print(result[0].SpacehipId)
1
>>> print(result[1].Crew[0].OfficerName)
'Michel Smith'


This digital painting was taken from reference I had selected from a photo shoot I had done with Jen LeGrand in 2011 in South Florida. This was one of my very first attempts at a completely digital painting process using Photoshop and a Wacom tablet. Probably the best part of working digitally in layers is the fact that I can go back and rework things as many times as I want without having to worry about destroying the working surface. I can't sand too deep, rip the fibres of the board, pierce the canvas or accidentally spill paint all over the place. I don't need to put down smudge mats to rest my hand on as I draw or worry about layers of chemistry not getting along and refusing to play nice with each other. Granted it's a much cleaner and compact work environment, it's not to say that working digitally isn't without it's drawbacks or own sets of challenges. Any one who has worked with a computer knows this. Instead of any physical damage to the surface I may be working on, I have to worry about making sure there are backups upon backups so that the file can be available should there be any file corruption, accidental flattening or unexpected hard drive failures. You can never be too careful with digital files and that is why I now have 3 onsite redundant backups and 1 offsite backup of all my files at all times. That's a lot of 0's and 1's.


What a great idea, Val!! Thank you!!
What a great idea! Thank you, Val, for setting this all up!!
I shared it on face book, twitter and pinterest. Hope it helps. Not too sure about pinterest and how it works but I did pin it.
Onlineauction.com sellers have donated some beautiful items in the Fallen Firefighters Auction!
This is awesome thing to do. It brings home the peril of our area is in due to the fires raging here in southern Oregon.