text:
OpinionCase details
State v. Glendening
State v. Schenk
It is peculiarly the province of the jury to pass upon questions of fact. Reversal upon the ground of the…
State v. Mikels
[2] The evidence tending to prove that the barn was wilfully and maliciously burned, and the evidence tending…
7 Citing Cases
Full title:STATE OF IOWA, Appellee, v. J.R. GLENDENING, Appellant
Court:Supreme Court of Iowa
Date published: Apr 3, 1928
218 N.W. 939 (Iowa 1928)
218 N.W. 939
Supreme Court of Iowa
April 3, 1928.
FORGERY: Evidence — Sufficiency. Evidence held insufficient to 1 establish defendant's connection with a forgery.
CRIMINAL LAW: Evidence — Circumstantial Evidence — Refusal to
Instruct. et seq.) Headnote 1: Headnote 2:
Headnote 1: 12 R.C.L. 169. Headnote 2: 69 L.R.A. 204; 12 R.C.L. 169.
Appeal from Polk District Court. — W.G. BONNER, Judge.
Trial on an indictment accusing the defendant, J.R. Glendening, of the crime of forgery, alleged to have been committed on or about the 28th day of February, 1927, by signing the name "Justin Miller," as indorser, on the back of a check dated February 24, 1927, drawn by the Jahn Ollier Engraving Company on the Mercantile Trust Savings Bank of Chicago, and payable to the order of Justin Miller in the sum of $50. The defendant pleaded not guilty. The jury returned a verdict of guilty, and the defendant was committed to the Polk County jail for a period of 10 months. From the judgment entered the defendant appeals. — Reversed.
James Parsons and Charles W. Bowers, for appellant.
John Fletcher, Attorney-general, and Carl S. Missildine, County Attorney, for appellee.
De GRAFF, J.
The fact issue in this case is the signing, as indorser, of the name "Justin Miller" on the check upon which the indictment for forgery is based. The payee named in this check is Justin Miller. He did not indorse the check. The defendant 1. FORGERY: denied any connection whatsoever with the theft, evidence: forgery, or passing of the check. Some person sufficiency. wrote the name "Justin Miller," and on that indorsement Younker Brothers cashed the check. The credit man at Younker's, who placed his "O.K." on the check for the purpose of cashing it, testified that he did not have the slightest recollection of the person who presented the check. There is no direct evidence that the check was ever in the possession of the defendant. In brief, there is no direct evidence of the commission of the crime charged against the defendant. Although it was not incumbent upon the State to prove that the appellant stole the check, or that he uttered it, the cause was tried upon that theory.
The case on the factual side may be briefly noted. Justin Miller and the defendant Glendening were absolute strangers to each other. Justin Miller was employed as a traveling salesman for the Jahn Ollier Engraving Company of Chicago. He frequently came to Des Moines, and always stopped at the Brown Hotel in said city. During the week of February 24, 1927, he did not visit Des Moines. Apparently, the salary check in question was sent by his employer to him at the LaFayette Hotel, in Clinton, Iowa. How the check ever reached the Brown Hotel, if it did, is a matter of speculation; as no one testifies that it was received at the Brown Hotel, and there is no competent evidence that the check was forwarded from Clinton to Des Moines.
It is the claim of the State that the check was received by the Brown Hotel and placed in the mail rack of the hotel, and that the defendant in some manner extracted the check from the mail box. The most that can be said in this particular, if it be assumed that the letter did find lodgment in the mail rack, is that the defendant had the opportunity to take the letter from its depository. The defendant lived at the Brown Hotel, and had been seen sitting on the bell boys' bench at the end of the counter, within a few feet of the mail rack. In order to purloin a letter from the mail rack, it was necessary to go behind the counter of the hotel; and, under the rule of the hotel, no one except employees was permitted to go behind the counter. The defendant had never been seen behind the counter, and he positively denies that he ever was.
The defendant is a married man, 53 years of age, engaged in the real estate business and in buying and selling notes and mortgages. He owns some real estate in Des Moines, and also a property in Monmouth, Illinois, which he valued at $15,000.
Evidence was introduced by the defendant, tending to prove the fact that he had a good reputation for honesty and fair dealing. The only evidence relied upon by the State for a conviction is the testimony of two handwriting experts, who, as witnesses, pointed out the similarities of the writing of the indorsement "Justin Miller" to the defendant's signatures on certain instruments signed "John R. Glendening," or "J.R. Glendening," and also the voluntary writing of the name "Justin Miller" by the defendant at the trial of this case, at the request of the prosecuting attorney. The two handwriting experts further testified that, in their opinion, the indorsement on the check and the admitted signatures were done by the same person. Such is the factual setting.
The two primary propositions relied upon for a reversal involve (1) a requested instruction refused by the trial court, and (2) the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the verdict.
I. The instruction requested by appellant and refused by the court was: "You are instructed that the State's case rests entirely on circumstantial evidence." It is obvious that this case did rest on circumstantial evidence. The 2. CRIMINAL requested instruction should have been given as LAW: supplementary to the instruction prepared and evidence: read to the jury, although we would not reverse circumstan- for this assigned error per se. There was no tial evi- direct evidence of the commission of the crime dence: refu- by the defendant. No witness testifies that he sal to ins- saw the appellant indorse the name "Justin truct. Miller" on the check. No witness testifies that he saw him pass the check or have it in his possession. The trial court did, by an instruction which is not subject to legal criticism, define circumstantial evidence, and further stated:
"In no case is it necessary, in order to establish a criminal charge against a defendant, that there should be direct proof of his guilt by persons who were present and saw him commit the crime. The evidence may be, and frequently is, not direct, but circumstantial."
In State v. Blydenburg, 135 Iowa 264, the evidence was wholly circumstantial. We quote from the opinion:
"We think the jury should have been distinctly informed that the State's case rested entirely upon circumstantial evidence, and that in such connection the established and approved rules governing cases of this class should have been clearly set forth."
See, also, State v. Brazzell, 168 Iowa 480, and State v. Clark, 145 Iowa 731.
II. Does the evidence sustain the verdict? We think not. This court will not substitute its conclusion in place of the verdict unless from the entire record it appears that there is such a want of support for the finding of the jury as will require a reversal. State v. Derry, 202 Iowa 352; State v. Kress, 204 Iowa 828; State v. King, 198 Iowa 325; State v. McKenzie, 204 Iowa 833; State v. Van Gorder, 196 Iowa 782.
The motion for new trial should have been sustained. The judgment entered is — Reversed.
All the justices concur.


Congratulations on this remarkable achievement. Way to go!
Thanks for the congrats! I'm so proud of our Super ladies and the wonderful editors who collaborated to make those books shine. Great victory for one of the best lines at HQ. We prove it with critical success every year! Go Superromance! We rock!
Very exciting! Congrats to you all!
So excited and happy and feeling grateful to be a part of this amazing group of awesome writers!!
Congratulations and good luck to our finalists! I just wish you ALL could win!
We definitely need a "Super" table at the award ceremony where we can make our presence and general awesomeness KNOWN!
Congrats to all four of these wonderful Super authors!
Congratulations. I will try to read your books.
Congratulations, ladies! Way to go!
This is so so wonderful! Congratulations you wonderful authors!!
Congrats everyone! I really like the direction of these covers. They all look great next to each other.


Part L will soon be hitting the headlines again. The revision to the Building Regulation governing energy use is due next year and a document published by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister last October suggests that the industry will be faced with tough new standards in 2005.
"Energy or carbon calculation methods in SAP should be used as the basic method for establishing what is reasonable"
The move to a SAP-style rating is in part driven by a new EU directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings due in January 2006, which the UK must incorporate into law. One requirement is for a methodology to be adopted for calculating the overall energy performance of buildings which will encompass HVAC and low-carbon/zero carbon systems.
A move to whole building standards means that precise U-value targets are less significant. There will be less onus on the elemental method of compliance although designers will have to match a worse allowable U-value for each element. The document suggests that the worst allowable U-value will be 0.7 W/m2K for exposed walls and 3.3 for wood/PVCu/ metal windows and glazed doors. The elemental method of compliance will still exist though, and U-value standards will be improved in 2005.
"Consideration is being given to a legal requirement to carry out pressure-testing"
To improve the levels of airtightness the government is suggesting that more buildings undergo pressure testing. It says that non-dwellings with floor areas of more than 200 m2 should be tested (current guidance is to test buildings of more than 1000 m2). For dwellings, the report says that where robust details or third party quality assurance schemes are not used, housebuilders will have to pressure test homes. The paper says that tests could be made compulsory if it is found that robust details are not delivering the required standards.
"[There is a need for] improved correlation between design and as-built performance"
Increase the type and frequency of pre-completion testing to check that build quality matches the design brief.
Base the performance standards on more realistic assumptions about build quality. This means that to achieve a given U-value more insulation might be required to compensate for defects in a typical construction. Builders who can demonstrate that their construction methods or systems deliver better build quality than the standard could use this to justify reducing insulation thickness.
"New airtightness standards could be justified for adoption in 2005"
Airtightness standards are likely to be improved and the government is considering adopting the following standards for different building types: The report says that the level of improvement will be more likely for energy-intensive buildings (such as balanced mechanically ventilated dwellings).
"We are giving consideration to whether standards could be defined for swimming pools and hot tubs"
The government is looking at what other elements within buildings might provide opportunities for reducing carbon emissions. The report says that swimming pools and hot tubs are particularly suited to the application of no/low carbon systems such as solar water or combined heat and power systems.
"Current thinking is that the effects of thermal bridges should be quantified as part of the overall assessment of whole building energy performance"
The issue of thermal bridging is one area that the government is looking at improving. New European Standard EN 14683, quantifying the effects of thermal bridging, will allow thermal standards for the building envelope to be measured. The report says that if the thermal bridging in design details are quantifiable and proven to perform well, they could be offset against poorer standards in the main elements of construction.
Working panels involving more than 250 building professionals are now considering the proposals and will report their findings to the Building Regulations Advisory Committee in the spring. BRAC will in turn recommend to the government what measures should be included in the Part L consultation paper, which is due to be published in June this year. The working panel meeting notes can be obtained from www.odpm.gov.uk.
This European Standard specifies the major technical characteristics of curtain walling and includes a systematic framework of performance requirements and test criteria to ensure conformity with the Construction Products Directive. The standard provides technical information on the performance requirements and test criteria and sequence of testing to which the product is subjected. Reference is made to other European Standards related to the performance and testing of curtain walling and those that relate to products incorporated into curtain walling. This standard applies to curtain walling ranging from a vertical position to 15-degree from the vertical. It can include elements of sloping glazing contained within the curtain wall. For the purposes of this standard, curtain walling is defined as an external vertical building enclosure produced by elements mainly of metal, timber or plastic. Price: £74, BSI subscribing member £37. P&P £3.70 UK, £5.45 overseas. There is no p&p charge to BSI subscribing members. To find out more about the benefits of BSI membership, call BSI customer services on 020-8996 9001.
For more on the likely impact of the Part L proposals, see Building, 13 February, pages 55-57.


Calculation results are approximations and for information purposes only.
Quoted rates are not considered as guaranteed rates and repayments will be based on your personal circumstances, Credit facility amount and term.
All requests for credit facilities are subject to standard credit approval.
The calculations assume that all payments are made when due.


Dream Student is the thrilling first installment of the Dreams series.
"You're going to, Dad. On Sunday." What's going on?
He's still got that expression. He's looking at me as though he's noticing something he's never seen before. "I see so much of your mother in you. I don't think you realize how like her you are," he says, finally.
I do, actually. I look a lot like her. I've seen pictures of her when she was young, and if you didn't know it you might think you were looking at me. I start to say that, but he shakes his head.
"It's not just that you look like her," he says, reading my mind. "It's - well, I was watching you just now. I saw how your eyes lit up when you were thinking about your Brian." How long was I staring at that picture?
I didn't expect that. "Um – I - I don't know - Dad, I'm not sure what…" As I'm babbling, it hits me. I've heard this before. From Brian, the night we met, at the club. He said something very similar to me, and suddenly I'm feeling dizzy, and warm. I have to hold on to the edge of the table to steady myself.
I can't believe I'm having this conversation with my father. But he's right. Brian's in my heart, that's exactly how it is. There's no point pretending it's not true. And it's such a relief to have someone really and truly get what I'm feeling. Even if it is Dad.
"Can I ask you something?" My voice is very small and very far away. I still need to hang on to the table for support.
"Always. Anything. You know that," he says.
The 'Dreams' series is James' first published work.


The war behind him, Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf is now available for peacetime duty. With all deserved respect to police in Baltimore and Baltimore County, I suggest we think hard on hiring the smiling commander of Operation Desert Storm as a special consultant to apply killer ointment to the rash of robberies that has been spreading across metropolitan Baltimore since late last year.
Just yesterday, after all, President Bush did That Carpe Diem Thing by imploring that the "moral force and national will that freed Kuwait City from abuse" be used to "free America's cities from crime." This would be a fair test of the president's sincerity, don't you think?
retirement Monday. Maybe he could hold daily briefings on the armed robbery front in Baltimore County. It would be helpful if he provided maps, charts and a few surveillance photos, too. Anything to clear the picture. These have been dizzying times around here -- as confusing as terrifying.
Some key arrests have been made, but the armed robberies continue. In Towson. In Carney. In Loch Raven. In Randallstown. In Woodlawn.
In Timonium, four men, three with shotguns, ordered 27 late-night patrons at Chi-Chi's restaurant to face the floor and give up their goods. That happened on Valentine's Day, which seems like months ago. Fast-food outlets have been hit. So have supermarkets and banks. Women have been held up on sidewalks.
The night after the Chi-Chi's robbery, four men in long coats walked into a supermarket on Liberty Road. Three had shotguns. One had a handgun. Two with the shotguns ordered the store manager to open a safe. The one with the handgun fired a shot into the floor to scare a cashier. Within a day, county police made an arrest in that robbery, picking up a suspect as he returned a rental car at BWI.
But was he a gang member, or just a free-lance signing on with strangers for a one-night stand?
Another robbery that received scant notice in the press occurred the following Monday at the Perring Parkway Shopping Center. Two men -- both in their mid-30s -- held up a Carroll County man on his way out of the Rite Aid pharmacy.
Was there a connection? There were no shotguns, just a single handgun. The bandits were a couple, not a quartet. They fled on foot, instead of in a car. And they got caught. So maybe we can scratch it from the chart.
And yet, who knows what's happening out there?
Is it possible that a dozen or more young men, all owning shotguns or semiautomatic handguns, and all predisposed to commit armed robberies, have caught the fever at the same time? If so, we have the incredible coincidence of small groups of armed hoodlums, along with a handful of single-shooters, independently carrying out robberies in the northern part of the city and in congested suburban areas. They are hitting where the middle class shops, eats and banks.
We could be looking at a series of well- (or luckily) executed copy-cat crimes, a prospect that is actually more chilling than the notion of a single, well-organized gang. At least with a gang, you know the danger is concentrated, limited to a quartet of hoods. Under the copy-cat theory, we have the specter of more than a dozen young men rising out of their bean chairs, sticking shotguns under long coats and heading out into the night to commit armed holdups somewhere along the Beltway, comforted in the knowledge that the cops are busy chasing someone else.
Or maybe it's far better organized than anyone could have imagined, with quartets of bandits darting in and out of Baltimore, carrying out their robberies on some sort of synchronized schedule. Stranger things have happened.
I heard a man say he was stunned by the robberies because one hit close to home, at a supermarket where he shops regularly. These robberies aren't taking place in corner groceries on Fulton Avenue; they're breaking the relative peace of suburbia. I hear the story of a woman from Pikesville afraid to go shopping. A man in line at a fast-food outlet in Towson snaps his neck and shoots a glance at the front door each time it opens. Great.
A soldier in Operation Desert Storm might have been safer there than on the streets of America, Bush said. "It's wrong and it's going to change." Thanks for the lip service, George, but I'll take Schwarzkopf. Or the 82nd Airborne. Or at least more cops.


Have you ever read any classical or romantic poetry and thought, "What on EARTH were they thinking?" Just because your English teacher loved it doesn't mean that your class poetry assignments were sensible or even sane. Some of them are so rambling and chaotic that they seem to have been crafted in a drunken rage--which, to be fair, some may have been.
Take these weird poems. Browning, Rossetti, Carroll... These are staples among literary voices that are studied in universities across the country. They also wrote some stuff that wouldn't be too far from the speculative fiction that's so beloved today. The next time you diss supernatural romance, remember "Goblin Market."
What is the weirdest classic poem you've ever studied? Share your thoughts about it in the chat!


The biggest problem is the sheer quantity of space the two default toolkits take up. Fortunately, these are highly customizable, and we can take advantage of a simple drag-and-drop to fix the issue. Under the toolbox on the left pane, you'll see a series of tabs. Simply take all the tabs on the right pane and drag them down to this tab bar, and right-click and "close" any tabs you'll never use (the brushes tab, for example, is not necessary unless you work with lots and lots of custom brushes!) Pulling all the right-hand tools into the left-hand tools lets you remove the right pane entirely, freeing up oodles of space. This is the most important goal: to dump a pane and reclaim what little viewing space we have in the first place.
Another big key to shrinking the toolbox is changing the theme from the Default to Small. To do this, simply open the Gimp Preferences (look under the File menu) and click Theme in the left side of the window, then change it in the right side to the Small theme, and click OK. Your toolbox tool icons should shrink significantly and more of your toolbox will become visible. If you haven't shrunk it vertically yet, now is a good time to do so. You'll need to toy with the vertical and horizontal size of the toolbox until it all (or most of it, anyway) fits on the screen well.
But wait! In Gimp 2.6, they added some pesky eyes to everything! That's "Wilber," the Gimp mascot, and while it might be cute and acceptable on a 17″ widescreen, I have 800×480 dots to work with and Wilber's eyes will actually force the bottom of the left pane off-screen, even if I shrink it to its lowest vertical height. What to do?
It's quite simple, actually. To remove the "eyes" of Wilber from the top of the Gimp toolbox, you need to find the "gimprc" file and add a line to it The hard part is finding the file, but we can make that process easy. If you're using Linux, it's under ~/.gimp or ~/.gimp-2.6 or something similar; on Windows, it's under your Application Data folder in your user profile (or under AppData\Roaming on Windows Vista and above.) Windows users can also simplify the process by using the Windows search function to locate "gimprc" instead of fishing around.
Save the file and run Gimp to check that the eyes are gone. If they aren't, make sure you spelled it right, otherwise feel free to enjoy Gimp on your netbook!
Thank you so much! Did everything you said for my 8.9″ acer aspire one netbook and it worked the first time.
Thanks for your tips. I'm amazed and impressed you managed got get much of anything done on 7″ screen.
The Preferences dialog is still way too tall but I can almost navigate around it despite not being able to see the bottom chunk.
Wilber, I don't get why they are obsessed with adding branding everywhere either.
All the UX work they did between 2.6 and 2.8 and they still didn't get rid of it.
The key thing for me was learning how to quickly show and hid things – like Ctrl+b to show the tools and Ctrl+l for the layer tab, then hiding them quickly with tab.


* With your library card, you can check-out a total of 125 items.
** Charges or fines of $10.00 or more will result in the suspension of library privileges.
The Mukwonago Community Library has established a materials recovery program to encourage library patrons to return books and other materials on time.
The library sends you an overdue notice.
The library sends you a third overdue notice that includes fines and replacement charges with processing fees.
Items are sent to the lost status and the patron's account is billed with the replacement cost of the items.
Accounts will be sent to Unique Management Services. A service charge of $20.00 will be added to your account. Unique Management Services will contact you to request the return of the overdue materials and payment of all outstanding charges.
Over the next 120 days the collection agency will make multiple attempts to contact you. If you do not return the overdue materials and complete or establish a payment plan, your account will proceed to the next stage listed below.
Unique Management Services reports your overdue account to a credit reporting agency which may affect your credit rating for up to seven years.
For more information on the Materials Recovery Program, please call 262-363-6411 or visit the library.
Thank you for helping us ensure that everyone has access to materials in the Mukwonago Community Library collection.


Team PAYCE drivers and teams, chasing the warmer climes after some cold racing in Australia's southern states, weren't disappointed when they arrived in the Top End for the Hidden Valley 2016 meeting.
Brian Boyd, PAYCE's Managing Director, said Darwin shined with some great fine weather again this year. The only concern with the warmer temperatures was the wavering conditions that affected grip levels during some of the qualifying sessions.
"Everyone loves coming to Darwin as the locals make you so welcome and treat the weekend event like a big party and family outing," Brian Boyd said.
The Hidden Valley track had been re-surfaced along with other developments just over 12 months ago. There were no complaints about its condition from the teams, though the track temperature reached into the mid 40s over the course of the day.
Friday's two practice sessions saw the Wilson Security Racing GRM team settle in with Garry Rogers and the team members focusing on their setup program and not aspiring to be the quickest on the day.
The circuit was new to James in his Volvo S60, so he was on a steep learning curve to understand every aspect of the track.
James unfortunately had an off in the closing stages of the first session, ending up in the tyre barriers on turn 10, although without any major damage.
The first session finished with Scott 8th on the timesheets and James in 17th position. The crowd witnessed some great progress in the second session by both drivers that took them into the top 10 timings.
Scott finished the day 4th fastest and James had a good run to move himself into 7th on the time sheets, being a very promising result for the weekend ahead.
Scott said at the end of the day: "It was a hot day, but we made lots of changes and got a lot done, so we are happy with the result and think we have a good package for the weekend."
Brian Boyd said the team seemed generally satisfied with their position following the practice sessions and were quietly confident heading into qualifying.
"Both practice and qualifying have become a bit of a juggling game with tyre selection. The decision whether to use good tyres or tyres from previous sessions or build up a 'bank' of green tyres for a later session is just another challenge for the teams," Brian Boyd said.
Race 1 qualifying on Saturday commenced with low cloud cover, keeping the track temperatures down for the opening minutes. Many of the teams, GRM included, sent their drivers out on warm-up tyres with the motive of pushing for a good time in the closing stages of the stint.
The strategy didn't work out for any of the teams when the cloud cover quickly cleared, the wind speed increased and track grip became a concern.
Unlike previous rounds in the 2016 series where the lap times plummeted dramatically towards the end of the qualifying session, Hidden Valley delivered a trump card and the trend was reversed.
Only Van Gisbergen, who went out immediately on green tyres, put together a solid lap time that was never bested, making him the eighth different pole-sitter this season.
Despite their very best efforts, Scott posted 15th quickest and James 20th.
With the fore-knowledge of Race 1 being a challenge for the GRM team and racers, Scott pushed hard and was able to make the most of his mid-field grid position, battling on to post a very respectable 10th spot finish.
Luck was not on James side, pitting his Volvo with steering problems and ultimately finishing with a DNF.
Prior to the steering problem, he had moved up a remarkable nine positions into 11th and was all set for a top 10 finish – A stellar effort from James.
Brian Boyd said the team made the same decision as most teams in hoping the cloud cover would increase as the qualifying session progressed and held back with their green tyres.
"Unfortunately, that put them along way back from the front of the grid. Some good pit work saw them work their way through the field and a strong drive by Scotty was rewarded with a top 10 finish," Brian Boyd said.
"We all felt for Moff as he had a great passage through the field on the first lap to get up to 11th before the mishap that damaged his steering and sent him into the pit garage," continued Mr. Boyd.
The GRM team made multiple setup changes to the cars overnight and the qualifying session on Sunday delivered a better result for Scott, finishing 5th on the timesheets.
James was not able to increase his performance from the previous day's lap time, but was able to move up the grid to 17th overall.
Qualifying on Sunday for the top 10 shootout and grid positions for the longer race saw Scotty achieve a top 10 shootout spot in 6th place.
With a slippery track everyone had trouble improving their times and although he was up in 4th spot at one point, Scott had to settle for 6th spot on the grid when all was done and dusted. James had qualified at 17th and prepared himself for the usual action back in the pack.
"Generally, qualifying to determine the shootout is exciting as the times drop progressively in the closing minutes, but that was not the case this time," explained Brian Boyd.
"Scott made it to the top of the timesheets at one point, but the team was happy to make it into the shootout in 6th spot with the plan to go all out in the one timed run," Mr. Boyd said.
"As it turned out, Scott was 5th car out and while his run was solid, it wasn't one of his 'rocket' laps he has produced in previous shootouts," finished Brian Boyd.
Several other lead drivers were also taken out of the contest in the hectic turn of events. Fortunately for James, his Volvo was involved in the melee but by-passed the worst of the carnage. He was pushed off-track but able to recover to re-join the field.
As a result of the crashes and the obligatory appearance of the safety car, most of the remaining teams decided to pit for fresh tyres at the same time. Chaos ensued in the pit lane as cars were double stacked, while others tried to make it past to their pit and then get out again into the heavy pit lane traffic.
Brian Boyd said the Volvos had alternating luck under the safety car as Scott went down two positions to 7th when he finally managed to clear the pit lane traffic jam.
"James fared better and was able to muscle his way through and rejoin the race in 13th place and continue to improve his position," Brian Boyd said.
Two more safety car periods throughout the race delivered changes to track positions that continued to work in Scott and James' favour as they moved up the order. Beyond the last safety car session, the race became a nine lap dash to the finish with both the #33 and #34 Volvos holding on to top 10 positions.
At the chequered flag, both Scott and James were more than pleased to finish the race without further incident and with excellent results, given what had occurred around them.
Scott was happy with a 7th and James equally satisfied with 10th spot.
Scott's muscled performances over the weekend keep him in contention for the championship in 3rd place and just 45 points away from the top spot, while James remains in 20th place on the 2016 leaderboard.
Brian Boyd said the Darwin round was exciting for the fans and once again demonstrated how close the racing is and how important it is to start near the front of the pack in races.
"The competition is more intense than ever and luck also plays a big part in the results," Brian Boyd said.
The next round of the Supercars Championship is the Castro EDGE Townsville 500 on 8-10 July 2016.


In contrast to a block diagram or layout diagram, a circuit diagram indicates exactly the genuine electrical links. A drawing meant to portray the physical arrangement of these cables and the parts they associate is known as artwork or design, physical structure, or wiring diagram.
There are several diverse tactics to create a circuit diagram. They can be created by hand, however, the more efficient means is to make use of diagramming software like SmartDraw, that is designed for this function.


I am currently taking Teaching Mathematics Primary/Junior Part 2, and am really enjoying the opportunity to further develop some new ideas I was exposed to in Part 1 last year. After teaching overseas in private schools, it was a bit overwhelming, but also very invigorating to jump into "Bansho," "three-part lessons," and "Big Ideas," all terms I had never heard before! Now that I've been working with them and building on my understanding of how they enhance the classroom learning experience, I'm thrilled with the results. There are so many exciting ways to integrate different curriculum areas, and I always feel like I've cracked a code or solved a challenging logic puzzle when I find a fun way to address expectations from several subjects in one activity.
One of our recent assignments was to design a Virtual Field Trip to bring math to life for our students. I decided to integrate it with Language Arts and blend it with one of my favourite shows (and ways to engage children in business and entrepreneurship!) – Dragons' Den! I put it together online, and it's available here! I had so much fun designing it, and would love to have the opportunity to use it in my classroom some day!
This entry was posted in Education and tagged inclusivity, integration, mathematics, teaching. Bookmark the permalink.


The options presented will help you to select heating and cooling systems that meet the needs of both your lifestyle and your check book. Besides the obvious savings for you that occur by lowering your consumption, by reducing demand for energy through conservation or, in the case of electricity, even from shifting consumption to times of lower demand, together we can lower the market price for the energy that is consumed. The advantages of investing in energy efficiency aren't only felt within your family budget they are realized in the cleaner environment that goes hand in hand with more efficient systems and the wise use of energy.
Putting an energy-efficient heating system into a drafty, poorly insulated house will reduce your energy bills. But you'll notice a more dramatic saving, and even make yourself more comfortable, if you also make your entire house more energy efficient. How? Here are some ideas.
It's good for your budget, your comfort and our environment. Each year you spend hundreds of dollars to heat and cool your home and to heat your hot water. By installing energy-efficient equipment, which gives you the same comfort for less energy, you can lower these costs. Furthermore, the lower you can make your energy costs now, the better off you will be should energy prices go up and conservation reduces upward pressure on energy prices.
If you decide you want to cool your entire house, you should consider which system to install central air conditioning or a heat pump when reviewing your home's heating needs. An air conditioner is actually a heat pump that can only cool. *Remember: your heating decisions can affect your cooling options.
A performance rating that considers the heat (or "cool") actually delivered to the living space, the total energy available in the fuel consumed, and the impact the equipment itself has on the total heating or cooling load through an entire heating or cooling season. HSPF, AFUE, SEER and EF are seasonal efficiency ratings.


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The given Operation manual contains basic information relating to the practical use of the electrode boilers for the heating systems. By the aggregative technical and economic indices of effectiveness, including the boiler efficiency, simplicity of installation and repairing, cost of heating of one square meter of the apartment, specific consumption of materials per 1 kW of the boiler capacity, etc. the electrode boilers cannot be compared with any other type of the electric boilers. The areas of application of the electrode boilers continue to extend confidently. This Operation manual is intended for the electrode boiler installation specialists, experts in the installation of the automatic control systems for the electrode boilers, startingup and adjustment specialists, experts in maintenance and repairing, and owners of the boilers. We thank in advance those who will send remarks and proposals to the address of the "Firma "GALAN" Joint-Stock Company. All rights reserved. None of the parts of the given Operation manual can be reproduced in any form without written permission of the "Firma "GALAN" Joint-Stock Company which is a copyright owner.
Invention of the electrode boiler is a one of the highest achievements in the area of creation of the multipurpose heating equipment. A long-term experience of successful operation shows that electrode boilers are easy operating, reliable, and safety devices. The boiler efficiency reaches 98%. This is a result of application of one of the best achievements of the domestic defensive industry in peace purposes. Throughout many years the boilers of the "Firma "GALAN" Joint-Stock Company are successfully applied in almost all regions of the Russian Federation, Post-Soviet republics and other foreign countries.
Dear customer!
To use a complete set of advantages of our boilers and to avoid possible annoying errors in the process of installation of the heating system and boilers and in the course of starting, further operation, and usage of the electric boilers, we convincingly ask you to familiarize yourself attentively with the given Operation manual which contains information relating to the characteristics, construction, operating principle, application, and rules of installation of the electrode boilers. Also this Operation manual contains basic requirements imposed on the safety measures, installation, operation, and repairing of the heating system, registration and maintaining of the working documentation, etc. The boilers are intended for heating of apartment houses, including country houses, cottages, multistory apartment houses, garages, baths, premises and buildings of the domestic, household, trading, public, industrial, and agricultural purpose, and also other constructions in absence or inefficiency of the centralized heating. The "Ochag", "Geyser", and "Vulkan" instantaneous electrode heating boilers produced by the "Firma "Galan" Joint-Stock Company (hereinafter referred to as "boilers") are used only in the looped heating systems working without extraction of hot water for household, industrial or any other purposes. These heating systems work on the basis of the compulsory circulation of the heat-transfer agent (by means of the circulation pump). According to the recommended most economic mode the temperature on an inlet of the boiler should lie in the range +35 ÷ +45ºС, and the temperature on an outlet of the boiler should fall in the range +65 ÷ +75ºC. These boilers are made only in Russia. The specified temperature in the heated premises is supported by the automatics (by means of the temperature regulator). The boilers have a long operating mode. For normal operation of the boiler the following conditions are necessary:
Operation air temperature of the premises in which the boiler is installed should lie in the range between +10 to +35ºС; ultimate air temperature of the premises in which the boiler is installed should fall in the range between 4 +10 to +40ºC (under condition of absence of other requirements);
Relative humidity of an air at the temperature of +20ºС should be no more than 75%;
Non-explosive environment; the environment should not contain aggressive gases and steams destroying metal and isolation; the environment should not contain an industrial dust in quantities adversely affecting the boiler operation.
There are no combustible materials in the construction of the boilers, therefore our boilers are fireproof. Boilers meet the requirements of the Technical Specifications (TS) No. 3468- 00117289826-02. Order designations: "Galan – XXX-№" electrode boiler ("XXX" is a name of the boiler). Annotation: "№" is a power of the boiler in accordance with the Table 1. Example: "Galan – Ochag-6" electrode boiler.
All of the "Ochag", "Geyser", and "Vulkan" electrode boilers described in the Table 1 are certified. Number of the certificate of conformity: РОСС RU.ME71.H00072 dated 29.03.05. The Certification authority: The Electrical Products Certification Authority of the Independent Noncommercial Organization on Certification of the Electrical Products, 109052, Moscow, ul. Nizhegorodskaya, 29. Voluntary certification.
It is recommended to use the following types of liquids as heat-transfer agents for all of the "Hearth", "Geyser",
"Vulkan" electrode boilers of the "Firma "Galan" Joint-Stock Company which are listed in this table:
• "Galan-Potok" low-freezing liquid with special rust prevention components and additives against formation of
scale and scum (freezing temperature: -40º C, life expectancy: no less than 5 years, warranty period: 1 year)
(hereinafter referred to as "low-freezing liquid");
• Potable water (defined by the Sanitary Regulations and Rules No. 2.1.4.559-96), distilled water, snow melt water,
rain water (filtered water) the specific electric resistance (hereinafter referred to as "resistance") of which is no
less than 1300 Ohm/cm at a temperature of +15º C.
It is strictly forbidden to use low-freezing liquids (antifreezes) such as "TOSOL", "Arktika", "Tvoy Dom", etc. as heat transfer agents since they are not intended for a use by the electrode boilers.
Boilers arrangement
Depending on the efficiency ZAO "Firm "Galan" produce two groups of boilers – single-phase and three-phase:
• the single-phase: - " Hearth -2", " Hearth-3", " Hearth -5" and " Hearth -6";
• the three-phase: - "Geyser-6" "Geyser-9", "Geyser-15", "Volcano-25", "Volcano-36", "Volcano-50"
Single-phase boilers consist of:
• the metal case with branch pipes of an coolant inlet. The case also fulfills functions of the second electrode and the ionization chamber;
• rod electrode with a current lead and a with a tight isolating feedthrough;
• 2-terminal groups with protection covers. In single-phase boilers there is the terminal – a phase, sideways below settles down: the jumper – a zero wire, the jumper – an earth wire.
Three-phase boilers consist from:
• the metal case with branch pipes of an coolant inlet. The case also fulfills functions of the ionization chamber;
• the bases on which 3 electrodes with current leads and hermetic flow electrical insulators are set;
• terminal group with the protection cover.
The operating principle of boilers is identical and is considered below.
Advantages of electrode boilers
Boilers of ZAO "Firm "Galan" are made only in Russia (10 types, tab.1). They are not only cheaper than the similar in power boilers of all other types including foreign, but have a variety of meaningful advantages:
The considerable power saving at the expense of extremely high efficiency of electrode boilers which reaches 98%, which is much higher than in other heating boilers. It is reached by the direct conversion of electrical energy in thermal directly in the heat coolant while current flow via the coolant, by molecules ionization, thus temperature of the coolant and its conductivity increase, the electric current which goes from an electrode to an electrode also increases, and the boiler quickly reach the nominal rating power.
Saving from 40% to 60% of input energy as a result of high-speed performance of electrode boilers, application of:
- electronic temperature controllers "Navigator"
- temperature controllers "Stoker"
- cellular remote control "Galan GSM"
- electromechanical variant of automatic equipment.
Simplicity of mounting, small sizes and light weight of electrode boilers. For example, the boiler with capacity 6 kW weighs 1,1 kg, 25 kW - 5,7 kg weigh.
Possibility of imbedding our boilers in previously installed heating systems (in case of obligatory carrying out of our recommendations), also as the second reserve (parallel connection of a boiler) pic.№3. Capacity of a reserve boiler has to correspond to the size of heated space and the quality of heat insulation, the number of coolant in heating system (tab.№1).
In case the reserve boiler is set in operating heating system, it is necessary:
• carefully, using corrosion inhibitor "Galan-Protector" wash out the system;
• to filter the coolant;
• to take measures to prevent the ingress of contamination from heating system in boiler, to set filters.
In case of using plastic pipes in system it is necessary to change a few meters of pipes in the input and output of a boiler to non-galvanized ("black") pipes.
Possibility of repeated increasing of heating system power (cosequently increase of heated space capacity) by parallel connection of a large number of boilers. For example, connection of 8 boilers with capacity 25 kW each increases the capacity of heating system up to 200 kW. (pic.№2).
It is forbidden to use electrode boilers:
• for "direct" heating of water, which directly goes to the boiler from a water body, an artesian well, a water well, a water supply system, the river etc. "directly" goes to a boiler. Our boilers are intended for using in heating systems. The water used as the coolant, shall correspond precisely to passport data of a boiler, as otherwise the boiler fails. Water also can't be selected from heating system for hot water-supply:
• for installation of "heat-insulated floors" as temperatures required in this case are significantly lower than optimum working temperatures of an electrode boiler. For this reason the boiler doesn't reach a rated capacity. For this reason for "warm" floors we recommend to use high-reliable modern thermoelectric boilers like Hearth -Turbo, Geyser-Turbo, Volcano Turbo ZAO "Firm "Galan" production.
Not recommended:
• application of electrode boilers in heating systems in which large-size (large volume) heating radiators are installed: radiators with tubes of big diameter, cast iron radiator, etc. In this case it is recommended to apply electric boilers like Hearth -Turbo, Geyser-Turbo, Volcano Turbo ZAO "Firm "Galan" production.
If, by force of circumstances you have no other exit except applying an electrode boiler, it is necessary to provide compliance of the coolant volume (number) which was filled in the system with boiler capacity (tab.№1).
Besides, while using the cast iron radiators it is necessary to install extra coarse-mesh filter to the "return" line, the mood collector (sump) to prevent an event when the remains of the rod earth get from internal cavities of heating radiators with coolant to a boiler and put it out of action. With the same purpose it is necessary to wash out carefully cast iron radiators before installation in system.
Recommended delivery set
Boiler assembled – 1 pce.
Application and exploitation of electrode boilers in heating systems– 1 pce.
* Automation system – 1 set
** The maintenance manual of automatic equipment – no dupl.
Packing – 1 pce.
* The main actuation device, recommended by ZAO "Firm "Galan" is the two-channel temperature controller "Navigator". At will the buyer can install an electrical equipment according to the schemes below.
The guarantee don't apply to a boiler which was acquired without this automatic control system of its work.
Automatic control system cost isn't included into the cost of a boiler.
** For the Management exception for electromechanical option of automatic equipment as it is included a component into this manual. With this option of automatic equipment offered the buyer, can change.
Electrode boiler installation (mounting) in heating system
Heating systems projects, boiler installation works, automatic equipment, electrical grid connection (including electrical grounding), placing in service, repairing, witness point of a condition, testing works must be performed by the organization (firm) which have the corresponding license for it's carrying out.
In performance of the listed above works, execution of heating systems documentation, and also while operation have to be observed:
• "Intersectoral electric installation code" (EIC);
• "Rules for Operation of Customers' Electrical Installations";
• "Power system safety standards";
• "Procedure for Design and Safe Operation of electric boilers and electric boiler house";
• Present manual.
Also it is necessary to observe "Regulation of fire safety of Russian Federation", which correspond to the Building code.
For boiler connection, installation of heating systems automatic control, their service, including repairing, it is necessary to have electricians or specialists in instrumentation and control systems of the corresponding qualification, certified and allowed to work with electro installations to 1000B, with a group of electrical safety not lower than 3. For installation, operation and repairing of heating systems heating engineers are necessary.
The experts mentioned above have to know "Procedure for Design and Safe Operation of electric boilers and electric boiler house", the present manual. During the works with corrosion inhibitor, low-freeze liquid, washing and cleaning means for surfaces, need to know and comply with the rules of the safe application.
Upon completion of the listed above works, the organization (firm), which performed these works makes entry in Sheets (Appendix No. 2) which is certified by the contractor and by the press of this organization.
Attention! Warranty liability extends on the copper, installed according to the above mentioned requirements, with appropriate execution of the performed works. The guaranty does not extend on the boilers, which were not established according to the project or by the unauthorized organization, or not certified experts.
The boiler work can be monitored only by the person, not younger than 18 years, passed the corresponding instructing, who knows the present manual, the boiler design and the rules of safe monitoring of its work.
Boiler connection to electric grid of the energy provider.
In case the allocated power is not enough, boiler connection is performed according to established procedure.
It should be noted that this order of connection to the energy provider to electric boilers of all other types and is not only an electrode boilers feature.
Grounding.
By the time of boiler installation the grounding in heating system has to be completely executed and tested.
Resistance value of the grounding. Grounding resistance value of a boiler and a heating system has to be no more than 4 Ohms. As the grounding conductor it is used a copper wire with a section of 4-6 mm2 (tab №1). Safe execution of the grounding has to correspond to EIC. "Procedure for Design and Safe Operation of electric boilers and electric boiler house"
All open electro-conductive parts of a boiler and heating system, including metal conduits of the cold (return water) and the hot coolant have to be grounded.
Input of the grounding conductors in the building or construction has to be marked by the identification sign.
Ground leads
Ground leads have to conform to EIC requirements. The design and execution of the ground lead have to provide demanded resistance value of the boiler and heating system grounding at most 4 Ohms.
Term of periodic inspection of the grounding condition is 12 years.
Corrosive wealth should not exceed 50%.
It is forbidden to color the body of ground lead to protect it from corrosion by removable or constant dielectric coverings. For example, plastic or rubber boots.
Boiler installation (mounting) in the heating system
Before installation it is needed to examine a boiler and to check its completeness.
The boiler is installed in heating system strictly vertically. Thus the terminal group (current leads of a boiler) for connection to the power supply network has to be situated from below, protected from external influence and accidental contact with the protection cover (cap). For boilers of the "Hearth" series (220V) the terminal – phase also has to settle down from below.
Connection of branch pipes of a boiler with piping of heating system is performed with the use of sanitary sleeves with DU not less than DU of branch pipes of a boiler and according to the project. In the design of heating system it must be provided:
• the copper needs to be installed as low as possible towards heating radiators as it raises output pressure of a boiler. Thus it is advisable to provide a vertical spacing, which will be enough for free removing of electrode group from a boiler, inspection and cleaning of its internal surfaces. Diameter of a riser board over the boiler, as diameters of all heating system piping are strictly according to the design of your heating system. The height of a riser board over the boiler need to be not less than 2 m. It is one of conditions for not using of the circulating pump.
While installation, the boiler has to be attached to a wall apart from the way of its connection with heating system.
On the pic.№1, 2, 3 there are provided some schematic diagrams of execution of heating systems. For convenience of heating system service it os advisable to install pipe stops right after a expansion tank and before an inlet branch a boiler (look pic.№1, 2, 3).
Installation of any cranes, any isolation or control valves on a pipeline section between an outlet fitting of a boiler and an expansion tank.
Electrical mounting of boilers (automatic equipment)
3-phase boilers are connected to a 4-wire 3 phase electric network of 380 V, with the industrial frequency 58 Hz, the N-zero conductor, PE – the protective conductor of grounding. N and PE conductors are divided. For single-phase boilers – a single-phase voltage of 220 V. N – zero conductor. PE – the protective conductor of grounding. N and PE conductors are divided. You connect to the power supply network according to your heating system project and according to the chosen system of automatic equipment of ZOA "Firm "Galan". Observance of the "phase – 0 – the earth" is obligatory. All connection wires sections has to be identical and not less than specified in tab.№1 (electromechanical option of automatic equipment) for your boiler or in the Manual of chosen by you electronic system of a heating system automatic control.
The name of the equipment
Electrode boilers
Balancing tank
Backup electrode boiler
Basic boiler working on hard or gas fuel
Attachable thermostat
Filter (setting, mud collector mechanical)
A valve for discharging of a heat carrier from the system
A valve of air discharge
Circulation pump, capacity is 70-100 W
A vertical riser over the boiler, not less than 2 m high. DN-40, DN-32
On application of: remote cellular control system and control of the equipment "Galan — GSM", electronic temperature control "Navigator", "Stoker"; electromechanical option – strictly follow the connection schemes, specified in the Maintenance manual. Precisely fulfill requirements for operation, installation, safety. The temperature detector "Entrance" is installed on the pipeline, "return pipe". The sensor "Exit" - on the pipeline, an exit from the boiler (a riser board) at distance of 30 cm from a boiler exit (from a boiler branch pipe).
Recommended optimum working temperatures of the heat conductor on an entrance and an exit from the boiler, verified by long-term experience, are noted above. These modes guarantee reaching of the maximum effect.
Regulation band of a heat controller "Navigator" at the exit from a boiler ("Exit" sensor) is 10+85ºC, on an entrance to the boiler ("Entrance" sensor) is 10+80ºC.
In heat controllers "Stoker", "Galan GSM" the temperature is measured directly in the heated room which significantly increases efficiency of the heating system and comfort in heated rooms.
For installation of automatic heating system control it is advisable to use a cooper wire with a section of 0,5-2,5 mm2. (Copper) A brand of a wire has to be specified in the project of your heating system and in the Managements of automatic equipment. If you use a multicore copper wire, apply a cable shoe, but do not tin the wire end as it can cause a poor contact.
Electrical schematics of connection via the two channel electronic regulating temperature indicator "Navigator" are given in the maintenance manual for the "Navigator."
Electromechanical variant of automatic equipment
* to make connection of a boiler to an electric network according to type and the capacity of your boiler, (one of schemes No. 1 or No. 2), thus temperature detector "Entrance" is installed generally on the pipeline of a reverse water supply. Temperature detector "Exit" is installed on the pipeline, quitting a boiler, at distance of 30 cm from a boiler.
* Detector connection is carried out by a copper multi-core wire with a section of 0,5-2,5 mm2 (copper).
The flame control system serves for switching on and switch-off of the boiler power supply, and also is the automatic safety device in case of the current overloads.
The button on the casing of the magnetic starter serves for switching on and switch-off of the temperature relay, and under normal operation of a boiler feeding circuit is constantly switched on (guarded button). Its actuating means excessing of current consumption over the rated because of failure in a boiler, electrodiagram or in case water resistance is significantly lower than 3100 Ohms of cm in 15ºC. Switching on of the thermal relay is performes by button action.
a. To set the recommended temperature on the boiler "output" 65ºC+75ºC.
b. To set a value of desired temperature on boiler "input". This value depends on the airspace, quality of heat insulation, etc., generally it is 35ºC+45ºC.
N L PE
Electrical connection scheme of single-phase electrode boilers type: Hearth-2, Hearth-3, Hearth-5, Heath-6
L1 L2 PE N L3
Electrical connection scheme of three-phase electrode boilers type: Geyser-6, Geyser-9, Geyser-15, Volcano-25
N L2' L3 L1' PE L2 L3' L1
Electrical connection scheme of three-phase electrode boilers type: Volcano-36, Volcano-50
Filling of the heating system with the coolant
Your system is installed. A boiler and automatic control system are mounted, also connection to the grounding power supply network is made. The heating system is without dirt and corrosion.
In this case filling of the system with the coolant is made without preliminary washing. It is necessary to meet the following conditions:
* the heating system has to be surely disconnected from the power supply network at any filling of the system with water or low-freezing liquids. It is necessary to exclude the case of connection to the power supply network.
* Right after filling system with a coolant needs to check the system integrity. Any leakages are inadmissible.
Filling with low-freezing "Argus-Galan" liquid or water (tab.№1) is possible.
Water as the coolant, possesses a number of undoubted advantages, such as availability, low price, environmental friendliness, high heat physical qualities. At the same time such disadvantages, as corrosion of heating system, possible necessity of water resistivity adjustment during the heating season, carrying out of a boiler annual repairing, etc. Therefore, without denying use water as the coolant, we recommend you to apply a modern low-freezing "Argus-Galan" liquid as the coolant.
Using of water as the coolant
It is necessary to increase or decrease a water resistivity (further - adjustment) to maintain boiler operation with a passport capacity. Adjustment ("control") of resistance is carried out after the system is filled with water, by addition in water of solution of table salt or water with a high resistance and achievements thus tabular values of starting (starting) and maximum current (tab.№4) at certain temperatures of a return water (further – "Entrance"). It is necessary to carry out instructions of our Management pronouncedly:
the temperature of the boiler input ("input" detector) has to be 15-20ºC;
boiler on-time is no more than 30 sec.
Adjustment of the conductivity of water.
Switch on the boiler and after 30 seconds at the temperature of "the return heat carrier" of 15 °C ÷ 20 °C, measure starting current using an ammeter or current clamp. Switch off boiler. Three cases are possible: starting current is greater or less than specified in tab.№4 for your boiler or equal to tabular
Hearth - 2
Geyser-9
Geyser-15
Volcano-25
Name of the boiler
Capacity, kW
Phas, F
1F/3F
Starting current of a boiler at a temperature of return heat carrier 15ºC,
Peak current of the boiler in state mode at the temperature of a "return heat carrier" 60ºC,
6-8 per phase
8-10 per phase
12-15 per phase
13,7 per phase
9,0 per phase
The measured starting current is less than specified for your boiler in tab.№4. Adjustment of the starting current value is carried out in the following way:
pure salt brine is preapred: 1 teaspoon of salt dissolves in 200g of hot water. This is an approximate concentration on 100L of the filled in systems water. Depending on a difference between the measured value of starting current and its tabular value (tab.№4) for your boiler (its capacity) and quantity of filled in system water it is defined the single dose of salt solution which is whelmed in 20L of the water discharged from the system. Mixed carefully. With the "Kid" type it is filled in back in system via the drain valve. Then 20L are drained again from system but without adding of salt solution, and again it is filled in in system. The circulator is turned on for 20-30 min. only. Duration of the pump turning on also depends on the sizes of heating system, volume of the water filled in system. It is necessary for alignment of water parameters throughout the heating system.
Then switch on the boiler, measure starting current in 30 sec. after the boiler switching on at return temperature of 15ºC-20ºC, then disconnect a boiler compare the measured current with specified in tab.№4 for your boiler. If value of starting current differs from specified in tab.№4 repeat adjustment of the specific electrical resistance. Thus temperature on the boiler output has to be 15ºC+20ºC. After these values became equal, it is necessary to switch on the heating system. After reaching the temperature 60ºC on the Entrance sensor it is needed to measure the maximum current and compare it with specified in tab.№4. If it is necessary, carry out an adjustment of the water electrical resistivity by the above mentioned procedure. It should be noticed that the value of the starting current is trial, simplifying the process of adjustment of electrical water resistivity. The final will be a value of the boiler maximum current in reaching of the temperature 60ºC on the boiler entry (input sensor) which is equal to the designated value in tab.#4 after which the process of size of the maximum current of a copper achievement of temperature on an entrance to a copper (Entrance sensor) 60ºC with the specified size in tab..№4 then process of the resistant adjustment is finished. The measured starting current is large than specified in tab.№4 for your boiler.
It is necessary to add in the heating system water with a resistance, much exceeding the passport value. It is the distilled water, and also pure rain water or snowmelt without contaminations. Using of the drinking water with a high specific resistivity (tab.№1) or boiled water is possible. The quantity of the added water depends on the volume of the filled in system water. The order of the filling of the system with water of a high resistance is completely similar to the case when starting current, and also the maximum current is less than specified in tab.№4 for your boiler, except that the water with a high electrical resistivity is added to the system instead of water with salt brine.
The amount of the added in system water with high resistance and an amount of water merged thus from the system has to be equal. If there is no circulation in heating system than the adjustment of resistance of the water which was filled in system will be changed in the following way:
the changing of the resistance throughout the water filled in system is reached at the expense of increasing the number of single additions in system, reduction of the salt brine doses, added in water or waters with high electrical resistivity, filled in the system;
the larger amount of water, pumped over after each addition with salt brine or water with high electrical resistivity in a broad tank by means of the "Kid" pump.
Boiler start-up
Switch on a boiler, put the system condition under the strict control until the first automatic shutdowns and switching on of the boiler.
Switching on the boiler with the frozen coolant in system or existence of danger of its freezing is inadmissible.
The temperature of the room in which the heating system is built, while pre-commissioning activities has to be not less than 15ºC+20ºC.
In case of correct building of the heating system and connection of the electroscheme, including automatic equipment, a system will start getting warm.
If during the initial period of work the coolant is a "fresh" water, a gradual power reduction of a boiler takes place it is necessary:
to remove a boiler from the system, to demount and clean the surfaces of electrodes, internal surface of the boiler from the stuck layer of the pollution possessing isolating (dielectric) properties, to assemble the boiler and install in system.
Maintenance and repair activities. Washing-out of the system
The work purpose is providing reliable, effective long-term operation of heating system. Works are executed by qualified personnel, heating systems has to be disconnected from electric grid.
Maintenance and repair works are executed by the firm (organization) which have the appropriate license for carrying out these works. Record about the executed works is made by the performer of these works in the sheet of the Manual and certified by the signature of responsible for works and by the press of the organization (appendix No. 2).
Maintenance and repair works are carried out after a heating season. Frequency and structure of these works is defined both as a type of the coolant which is used in heating system and those drawbacks which are revealed during the visual inspection of system condition, a boiler and repairing.
Water as the coolant
Annually, right after the end of a heating season, it is necessary:
to cool heating system to room temperature;
to merge 20 l of water from system, to dissolve a dose of a corrosion inhibitor "Galan-Protector" in this quantity, which size is defined in an amount of 1,5 l (or 0,5 depending on concentration) of inhibitor per 100 l of water, mix carefully, with "Kid" pump to fill in the system through the drain valve. Once again merge from the system 20 l of water and without inhibitor to fill in system, etc. to the full gulf of water with inhibitor in system.
For washing of the system it is necessary it works 6 days with a temperature of return water of 350C. During this period of time the system is not only being cleaned, but also its internal surfaces of heating system are protected (inhibiting) against corrosion. At this time it is necessary to clear the filter regularly.
After 6 days of the heating system work it is necessary:
to disconnect heating system from the power supply network;
to cool system to room temperature;
to merge all the water from heating system;
This water is not applicable to reuse.
Repeat procedure as necessary. An inspection, checking of the bolt and electrical connections tightening and reliability of grounding connection are carrying out.
Boiler repairing
If it is impossible to lift an electrode group (electrode) out of the boiler body ought to dismount a boiler from heating system, also to clear internal surfaces of the body and assure of non-existence of defects.
While repairing of a boiler it is necessary:
to remove an electrode (in a single-phase boiler), electrode group (in a 3 phase boiler) for visual inspection for non-existence of defects – cracks in window insulators, etc. and wear measurement of electrodes. If wear contains more than 40%, an electrode or electrodes need to be replaced. Usually it occurs once every 3-5 years;
to clear carefully interfacing surfaces in order to provide hermiticity due to application of encapsulating materials when assembling the boiler and its further operation;
to clear internal surfaces of the barrel of the boiler to metal gloss and then inspect them attentively for no-existing of defects, for example, pitting corrosion, etc.
to assemble the boiler. When assembling of the boiler to observe strictly the set of electrodes against each other and the barrel of the boiler, so there has to be an identical distance (spacing) between electrodes and the barrel of the boiler and between electrodes. To avoid the possibility of ingress of contamination in a boiler when assembling. To check the hermiticity.
Install a boiler strictly vertically in heating system. Fill heating system with the coolant. The broad tank has to be filled on 1/3 of its volumes.
After completion of the listed above works to check the system hermiticity, the bolt and electrical connections tightening and reliability of grounding connection, the value of the grounding electrical resistance, automatic equipment and to make a trial start-up of heating system. As needed to eliminate the identified shortcomings.
The person who is responsible for carrying out these works, makes the corresponding entry in the record of the carried-out repair works, certifies by a signature and the press of firm (organization) with the location and license extension. (Appendix No. 2).
The coolant – Low-freeze liquid "Argus — Galan"
In this case maintenance and repair works of the boiler while the non-heating season are carried out once in 3 years: it is visual inspection, the bolt and electrical connections tightening and reliability of grounding connection.
The order of carrying out of the maintenance and repair works except washing of system which does not take place, is similar when using the water as the coolant in heating system, is described above for observance of protective measures.
Washing of system is not carried out as the low-freeze liquid "Argus — Galan" contains the components which interfere corrosion, scaling and foams. Before repairing the boiler needs to be washed out carefully with water from low-freeze liquids, also to wash out the boiler details after disassembling.
Monitoring of the boiler operation
This function can be carried out by adults only, who were briefed on the monitoring of the boiler work, know the boiler structure, studied this Manual.
While monitoring the boiler operation it is necessary to watch visually for the quantity of the coolant in system according to its level in a broad tank. Normally the tank has to be filled on 1/3 of its volume but if the coolant level in a broad tank is lower than specified, the serving system specialist of firm (organization), depending on what kind of the coolant is used – water or low-freezing liquid, has to execute one of 2 procedures:
a). Water as the coolant.
To add in a broad tank to the normal level distilled water or rain, snow, thawed, pure, filtered, i.e. water with electrical resistivity far exceeding 3100 Ohms.
b). To add in a broad tank to the normal level a distilled water or rain, snow, thawed, pure, filtered, i.e. water with electrical resistivity far exceeding 3100 Ohms and low-freezing liquid in the ratio of 3:1. These works have to be carried out only upon condition of previously disconnected heating system from the power supply network.
c). The cases of immediate shutdown of the boiler current supply.
The boiler has to be immediately disconnected in the case of:
lack of tension;
coolant leakage from the system;
existence of the frozen coolant in system;
grounding system malfunctions;
emergence of moisture on the boiler barrel, automatic equipment devices;
malfunctions in the operation of a circulator
In case of malfunctions in heating system operation immediately call in the specialists of the firm (organization) which provides a service for your heating system and before their arrival act according to the received instructions.
In case of danger of the system "defrosting" merge the coolant (water) in a clean container.
The annual works providing electrical safety and reliability of automation equipment
Annually, after the end of a heating season it is necessary to carry out the works, providing electrical safety and reliability of automation equipment no matter what is used as the coolant – water or low-freezing liquid (are carried out at the case of disconnected system from power supply network):
Reliability control of the grounding system contacts and an automatic equipment block;
check the size of an electrical resistivity in the heating system grounding. Its size should not exceed 4 Ohms;
visual inspection of the circuit breaker – cleaning from a dust, check and retorque of the terminal connections, non-existence of mechanical jamming, checking of contacts;
checking of the magnetic starter – cleaning of a dust, visual inspection, cleaning and retorque of the terminal connections, contacts inspection of on a mechanical jamming, magnetic freezing;
visual inspection of start buttons;
visual inspection of the installed automation equipment ("Stoker", "Navigator", «Galan GSM") – rubbing from a dust, checking of contacts, installation, accuracy.
The listed above works are carried out by electrical specialists or mechanics of CMD&A (control and measuring devices & automatic equipment) who have access to electrical installations with the maximum voltage of 1000 V, an electronic security group not less than 3. Upon completion of the works run the boiler in a test mode. Upon completion of works the person who is responsible for carrying out these works, makes the corresponding entry in the record of the carried-out repair works, certifies by a signature and the press of firm (organization) with the location and license extension. (Appendix No. 2).
While carrying out of installation and commissioning works and operation of an electrode boiler it is necessary to comply with "Regulation of fire safety of Russian Federation".
It is inadmissible:
indoor storage with the boiler of liquefied or compressed gas cylinders, flammable liquids or materials, fuel and lubrication materials. For example: benzine, acetone, turpentine, bitumen, soft roof, kerosene, built-up bituminous roofing etc.;
drying things on the boiler.
Transportation and storage of electrode boilers
The boiler shouldn't have damages and has to keep performance capability after mechanical and climatic influences while in shipment.
Transportation of boilers can be made by all types of transport in covered vehicles, according to the rules of goods transportation, which are effective on this mode of transport. Transport conditions in parts of influence of mechanical factors – on group From All-Union State Standard 23216-78.
Transport conditions to parts of influence of climatic factors on group – 5(extra hard conditions 4) All-Union State Standard 15150-69.
Boiler storage conditions of group 3 (hard conditions in closed space) 15150-69.
Potential problem
1. The boiler is failed-on, circuit breaker actuation.
Short-circuit in electrical system caused by wrong connection of the boiler, water electrical resistivity is much lower than 3100 Ohms*cm at 15ºC.
To call in an electrician and to check compliance of the assembled electro scheme with given in this Manual, to check starting currents. In case of need to carry out the correction of water resistance.
2. The heating system does not warm up (warms up poorly)
High water electrical resistivity. Insufficiently high temperature of the coolant was set. Connection schemes of a boiler and radiators installation do not correspond mentioned in this Manual.
Strictly observe recommendations in this Manual for coolant . To increase value of the set temperature. To bring into compliance the connection and installation schemes with schemes in this Manual.
Existence of air plugs in heating system, caused by incorrect installation. Inconsistency between boiler efficiency and the efficiency of connected to it heating implements (radiators, convectors etc.)
To eliminate installation errors, to fill in the coolant under the pressure via the drain valve. To bring into compliance the boiler and heating implements capacities.
3. The boiler consumes power, but only the closest to the boiler pipeline (riser) is getting warm.
Lost circulation in heating system, existence of air plugs.
To clean the heating system and carefully wash it out, using the inhibitor.
4. Eventually, the boiler gradually loses its capacity; including operation on "fresh water".
Existence of dirt, rust, mill scale etc. on the internal surfaces of a boiler and electrodes.
To clean electrodes and an internal surface of the barrel of boiler to a metallic sheen.
Warranty liabilities
Warranty period of operation is 12 months from the date of sale.
The age of boiler is 3 years.
Warranty liabilities extend on the boiler installed by the regional service center (with obligatory filling of the enclosed coupon on installation).
Warranty liabilities extend on the boiler which had gone through preventive maintenance according to this manual and appropriate arrangement of these works.
The producer doesn't bear responsibility for electric boilers operation if:
the scheme of heating and electrical connection doesn't correspond to the specified in the this manual and also the boiler which was acquired without control system recommended by ZAO "Firm "Galan";
the boiler has mechanical damages;
the boiler worked at the temperatures exceeding recommended in this Manual, or with the coolants, not recommended by ZAO "Firm "Galan";
there are traces of moisture influencing, intrusion of foreign objects, dust and dirt (including insects), on terminals under the protection cover;
the copper worked at an insufficient speed of the coolant circulation which led to electrodes insulators damage.
6.The producer doesn't bear responsibility for operation of electric boilers in case of a lightning stroke, a fire, flooding, ventilation absence and other reasons can't be under the control of the producer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


hd00:36A guy in a sport suit walks by rail among the forest towards the camera. The camera follows the man.
hd00:26The guy walks on the rails and talks on the phone. The balance on rails. Hands outstretched. Equilibrium. Technology is far from home.


Craving a savoury treat or wish to add variety to your gluten free diet? This recipe is great to use when a gluten free substitute for a savoury pastry is called for.
Add the margarine and baking mix to bowl, using your hands to crumble the ingredients together until the mixutre looks like coarse breadcrumbs.
Add the egg and water and stir until the mixture is able to be formed into a ball. You may need to add more water if the mixture is very crumbly.
Pre-heat your oven to 180 degrees C. Roll out the pastry into a rectangular shape on a large piece of cling wrap.
Add the spinach and feta lengthways down the centre of the pastry.
Using the cling wrap, fold the pastry over so each side meets in the centre. Lightly smooth the join using the cling wrap.
Un-do the cling wrap as you roll the savoury onto a baking dish lined with baking paper. Bake for 10 minutes each side or until the pastry is cooked through.
Enjoy a green salad on the side or simply wrap and pop in the lunchbox for the kids to enjoy. It's also great cut into smaller bite sized pieces for kids parties as an alternative to sausage rolls.


The Galactic Empire was the New Order built by the Sith Lord Darth Sidious from the Galactic Republic in 19 BBY, the year the Clone Wars came to a close. The faction is featured in Star Wars: Battlefront and its sequel Star Wars: Battlefront II as well as its spin-offs Star Wars: Battlefront: Renegade Squadron and Star Wars: Battlefront: Elite Squadron.
Rather than offering people newfound hope, the Empire instead became a tyrannical regime, presided over by a shadowy and detached despot steeped in the dark side of the Force. Personal liberties were crushed and the governance of everyday affairs was pulled away from the Senate and were instead given to unscrupulous regional governors.
Accompanying the growth of the Empire was an unprecedented military buildup. The many shipyards in the Emperor's domain churned out immense fleets of Star Destroyers and TIE fighters. The Imperial starfleet maintained order in the galaxy, a role previously undertaken by the Jedi Knights, an august order of protectors who were wiped out during the Emperor's ascent.
The Empire ruled through fear and its power hungry lieutenants and technocrats developed greater and stronger instruments of destruction to crush a rebellious populace. This philosophy culminated in the creation of the Death Star, a mobile space station with a prime weapon to destroy an entire planet once fully charged.
Despite the Empire's show of strength and extreme policies, small pockets of resistance banded together to form the Alliance to Restore the Republic. At first, the small number of freedom fighters seemed no match for the oppressive, stronger Imperial Military. Nonetheless, they managed to score an impressive victory with the destruction of the first Death Star at the Battle of Yavin 4.
Having proved itself a viable threat, the Rebel Alliance found itself under Imperial counterattack. The core group of Rebels spent three years relocating their hidden headquarters, before being routed in a crushing attack at the Battle of Hoth. A few short months later, the Rebels discovered that the Death Star was one of the first of many Imperial super weapons in development. Four years after the first Death Star was destroyed, a second was nearing completion over the distant moon of Endor. Intelligence gathered by Bothan spies informed the Rebel planners that Emperor Palpatine would be present to oversee the final stages of construction.
Thus an irresistible target was in place over the moon: the Empire's next great weapon, incomplete and vulnerable, and the head of the Empire himself, both in one place. The Alliance took the bait, the Battle of Endor was entirely designed by the prescient Emperor Palpatine to be the final confrontation in the Galactic Civil War. Palpatine however, failed to foresee the resourcefulness of the Rebels or the treachery of one of his most trusted aides - Darth Vader.
Palpatine was killed aboard the second Death Star by his apprentice Darth Vader and the battle station was destroyed. The Empire had been dealt a deadly blow and slowly but surely was brought down by the Rebellion.
Star Wars Battlefront Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community.


On this episode of the podcast, I speak with clinical psychologist and certified ADHD Coach, Dr. Kirsten Milliken. She's the author of PlayDHD, a book that not only gives adults with ADHD permission to play – it encourages it!
We talk about a wide variety of topics, including how she tackles her tasks, what role avatars and colour play into her workflow, and why tapping into (and leveraging) your personality type can help you personalize your workflow and help you reach your full potential.


Turkey's foreign minister on Wednesday said that his country will "definitely" go through with buying a Russian air defense system despite U.S. moves to halt Ankara's participation in the F-35 fighter jet program in response.
Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu also said "it's not sure yet" whether the United States will withhold the F-35s, suggesting President Trump Donald John TrumpTrump calls Sri Lankan prime minister following church bombings Ex-Trump lawyer: Mueller knew Trump had to call investigation a 'witch hunt' for 'political reasons' The biggest challenge from the Mueller Report depends on the vigilance of everyone MORE indicated to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan that Ankara could still get the jets.
"S-400 deal is a done deal, and we will not step back from this," Çavuşoğlu said during an event in Washington on Wednesday.
The comments from Çavuşoğlu, who is in Washington as part of NATO's 70th anniversary celebration, are the first on the issue from a Turkish official since the Pentagon announced Monday it was suspending deliveries and other activities related to Turkey's participation in the F-35 program.
The Pentagon move was the latest effort to ramp up pressure on Turkey to abandon its deal with Moscow to buy an S-400 long-range air defense system.
A day after the Pentagon's announcement, acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan Patrick Michael ShanahanThe Mueller report is a deterrent to government service Former UN ambassador: Trump 'should be patient' with North Korea US downplays North Korea's saber rattling MORE expressed confidence Turkey would change its mind about the S-400 and ultimately receive the F-35s.
The Trump administration has been trying to convince Turkey to buy the U.S.-made Patriot anti-missile system instead, offering Ankara a discount.
U.S. officials are worried about the F-35, the United States' most advanced aircraft, operating in close proximity with the S-400 and allowing the Russians to gather information about U.S. capabilities.
The United States and other NATO allies have also warned the S-400 system will not work with NATO defense systems.
Çavuşoğlu dismissed those concerns Wednesday, saying that the S-400 "doesn't have to be integrated into the NATO system" because "it's for our own use" and that Turkey has proposed to the United States a "technical working group to make sure that this system will not be a threat" to the F-35 or other NATO systems.
Çavuşoğlu blamed Turkey's decision to buy the S-400 on the Obama administration not selling Ankara the Patriot system. But he also said the Trump administration's offer fell short of a guarantee that Turkey would get the Patriot.
"We are a part of this program, so it shouldn't be that simple," he said.
The Pentagon's announcement Monday said the department is looking for alternatives for the Turkish-made parts.


Clear all the Christmas balls one at a time in this Christmas edition of Atomic Puzzle.
How to Play: Click on the ball connecting at least 2 like colored balls to pop them out of the picture.
Game developed by Newgrounds • Played 3204 times.


Washington, DC—The second volume of Facture, an interdisciplinary biennial journal published by the National Gallery of Art, is now available. Featuring seven essays, the volume continues the dialogue begun by the series' inaugural issue (published in 2013) among art historians, scientists, and conservators to provide new perspectives on well-known works of art in the Gallery's collection. Focusing on two art historical moments—the Italian Renaissance and the 20th century—the essays in the new issue place great works of art in a broader historical perspective.
A technical study by Joanna R. Dunn, Barbara H. Berrie, John K. Delaney, and Lisha Deming Glinsman, of Giotto's Madonna and Child (c. 1310/1315) situates the painting in the context of the artist's surviving oeuvre. The work shares intriguing technical similarities with three other panels by Giotto, and new evidence suggests that these works were originally part of a much larger altarpiece. Giotto's use of previously unrecognized materials may offer further evidence linking the paintings.
Dylan Smith's essay considers an autograph bronze relief by Riccio, The Entombment (1516/1520s). In this first extensive technical study of Riccio's reliefs, Smith considers the Gallery's relief in the context of 36 other dated and documented reliefs by the artist. His conclusions challenge previous proposals on the origins of The Entombment and offer new dates for the relief, revising the current understanding of its place in Riccio's oeuvre.
This study of bronze sculptures by Rodin focuses on the Simpson Collection at the Gallery. Daphne Barbour and Glinsman consider only works cast during the artist's lifetime under his supervision. Combining archival research and technical analysis of seven bronzes, their article explores Rodin's close creative exchange with his primary bronze founder and patinator.
Cyntia Karnes, Delaney, and Glinsman draw on a wealth of contemporary documentation and extensive technical study to demonstrate that Marin employed a very restricted palette early in his career, using just three primary colors recommended by old-fashioned color theory. The authors show that Marin's later exposure to new ideas in Paris and in the New York circle of Alfred Steiglitz encouraged a dramatic expansion of his range of pigments.
Alison Langley and Suzanne Quillen Lomax explore Mark Rothko's pivotal early works, known as multiforms. Their detailed analysis of the multiforms in comparison to Rothko's later works reveals not only the birth of Rothko's abstraction but also his creative experiments with paint that presage the enigmatic paint surfaces of his mature work.
Two shorter "In Focus" contributions arose from unique opportunities for technical study. The exhibition Warhol: Headlines, on view at the Gallery from September 23, 2012, through January 27, 2013, allowed researchers to compare Warhol paintings in the Gallery's collection with a number of works from outside lenders. Authors Molly Donovan, Jay Krueger, Lomax, and Christopher Maines reveal previously unrecognized experimentation in Warhol's choice of paint medium during the transition between his early work as a commercial artist and the pop art for which he is best known today.
A second "In Focus" essay by Michael Swicklick, Gretchen Hirschauer, and Berrie stems from research carried out in conjunction with a major conservation treatment of Bernardino Luini's Portrait of a Lady (1520/1525). Costume history revealed the restrained opulence of the lady's garments, technical analysis illuminated the painter's refined handling, and conservation treatment uncovered Luini's subtle modulations of black on black.


A new collection of works dedicated to the life of Napoleon Bonaparte opens today at The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.
Vermont poet Ellen Bryant Voigt revisits some of her work, and introduces new pieces, in the collection "Messenger-New and Selected Poems," which has just been released in paperback.
The Big Apple Circus returns to the Upper Valley this weekend. Performers from 10 countries take part in this classical circus, which with one-ring brings the audience close to the action.
The French fashion designer Yvès Saint Laurent died earlier this week at his home in Paris. He was 71 years old. Just two days before his death, a major retrospective of his creations opened at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.
A new group has formed at Dartmouth College that brings together students with an unusual common bond: military service. The Dartmouth Undergraduate Veterans Association is a forum for students with military backgrounds to share their experiences.
Governor Jim Douglas announced today that Secretary of Administration Mike Smith will step down at the end of August. Douglas will appoint Transportation Secretary Neale Lunderville to the post.
A former U.S. poet laureate will be in Vermont tomorrow for a day-long series of poetry readings and workshops at Lyndon State College.