Welcome to Democracy & Society Online, the blog counterpart to the annual academic publication run through Georgetown's Democracy and Governance program. The print publication of Democracy & Society was founded in 2004 as a student-led journal that covers world affairs and concepts in the field of democracy and governance. This blog is designed to publish contributions from a variety of sources, bridging the gap between academia and practice by presenting concepts in a more forthright manner.
The current democratic crisis is one that affects us all. Global democratic backsliding and normative changes have questioned the role of democracy as a system of governance. The democratic recession has influenced both established liberal democracies in the West and emerging regimes that have slipped into autocracy. Democracy & Society showcases our commitment to democracy in the current domestic and international political climate.
The blog aims to be more expedient regarding current events and less thematically oriented than the print publication. We will accept submissions from those outside of the sub-field of democracy and governance, but articles should be related to political science. We are interested in generating discussion and representing meaningful issues in political science not always covered in traditional media by reaching a wider audience. We wish to enhance our growing academic and practitioner community both in Washington, D.C. and abroad.
We invite the Democracy and Governance community to participate in the blog. If you are interested in contributing to Democracy & Society Online, please email the editors at democracyandsociety@gmail.com. Submissions should generally range between 800-1200 words and contain citations when needed. Please include a biography with all prospective contributions.
Let us start the blog by introducing the first part of the letter written by Dr. Daniel Brumberg, Program Director in Democracy and Governance at Georgetown University, on democracy and governance studies in an era of democratic crisis.
I am writing to offer my thoughts on the current state of politics in the United States and how we might respond in our own Masters program. I am particularly worried, as I am sure many of you are, about the genesis, nature, and direction of the Trump Presidency. I should say at the outset that I have pondered for many days whether or not I should write this letter. As Director of Democracy and Governance Studies at Georgetown University, I have worked to foster rigorous academic standards, objective inquiry and fact-based analysis. My job, along with that of our Associate Director Jennifer Dresden–and all of our talented faculty– is not to promote a political agenda or ideology, but to impart the analytical tools necessary for you to make your difference in a vast range of fields and endeavors. Your capacity to make your mark depends in part on having professors who do not preach but rather teach. I have tried to remain loyal to that proposition, and it is precisely for this reason that I hesitated to write this note.
But in recent weeks I have come to realize that I cannot avoid addressing the Trump issue. Indeed, I have to rethink my approach not only to teaching and my role in our program, but to the entire mission of Democracy and Governance Studies. We are not living in ordinary times; the challenges are different and so must be our strategies. As Trump himself stated in his inaugural address, we are in a moment of profound change. We are at a rare turning point in the evolution of a political system. How each of us proceeds will, in small but not unimportant ways, help determine the direction of the US (and in many ways the world) for decades to come. Under such potentially revolutionary circumstances, we must look beyond the everyday roles that we play in our universities, professions, and society and envision new approaches to our endeavors in the classroom and beyond. We must take a stand and imagine how to adapt our professions—and in this case our MA program—to a new and perilous challenge.
I must emphasize that this challenge and how we meet it is not a matter of party politics. I do not care a fig whether those who answer my invitation to rethink and re-imagine our MA program are Democrats, Republicans or Independents. This is not a partisan agenda. Nor is it a political effort simply to discredit Trump or the diverse groups who have embraced his agenda. Indeed we need to understand the roots of the movement for which he claims to speak. But understanding must also be a part of a larger project of insuring that the solutions proposed by our new President strengthen rather than undermine – or even destroy – our political system. A utopian campaign to reject or eliminate the "establishment" used to be part of the New Left. It is now part of the new or "alt-right," a movement whose most vocal advocate now sits very close to the Oval Office. While this ideology is clear in what it seeks to destroy, it offers little coherent vision of what it will build. And it is an ideology carried into the White House on a torrent of organized and well directed resentment and hate—even as it claims to speak in the name of national "unity." We can't sit by and pretend that this is just another chapter in US political history. In his zeal to "Make America Great Again," Trump would burn to a crisp every law, norm and precept; he would impose his grand mission on our parties and institutions, transforming or even obliterating anything that stood in his way. We can and will continue to debate a thousand policies, but the real threat is to the institutions of democracy. This is an unrivaled domestic challenge that must be addressed in ways that transcend partisan politics or narrow political agendas.
Before turning to what I think are some of the key elements – and dangers—of Trump's project, and suggesting how we at Democracy and Governance Studies might respond, I want to offer a few personal words as to why I find Trump's vision so dangerous. As some of you who have taken my courses know, I am the son of a Polish Jewish immigrant who, on September 1, 1939 – the day the Nazis invaded Poland – fled with his parents from Warsaw. On their perilous journey they came within feet of Nazi planes whose bullets struck some unfortunate souls just across the road. After living and hiding in Lithuania, their escape took them through Russia, on to Japan, and finally to the US. In his adopted country, my father – Abraham Brumberg–attended high school, mastered English, served in the army (albeit as a corporal behind a typewriter), and then attended Yale on the GI Bill. In the ensuing decades he again served his adopted country as chief editor of a major US Government journal on Soviet affairs. But more than this, he became a chronicler of the ravages of totalitarian movements, ideologies and leaders. And, in his own very pragmatic but thoughtful manner, he was an advocate of the imperfect liberal democratic order and the country that had given him and his parents refuge—thus making it possible for his own two children to grow up and prosper as American citizens.
In light of this saga – which is a typical American story in so many ways – I have wondered how my father might respond had he lived to watch the sudden and relentless growth over the last few months of a movement that would seem to him so deeply and sadly familiar. Did he and my grandparents come all this way to live through the rise of yet another politician promising to save those who felt cheated and scorned by the system and its "elite?" Did they come all this way to see the scapegoating of minorities –and to see, among other things, the Jewish community suddenly feeling like this is not home? Perhaps he would simply despair in the face of all this. Or perhaps he would struggle to put his fears and memories aside and focus on the task ahead. Pointing to the spate of hate crimes directed over the last six months at mosques, synagogues and Hispanic churches he would surely get angry, but he would also insist that the time had come to take a stand and forge a strategy. Indeed, those who took the streets in the millions on January 21, in dozens of US cities and around the world, would encourage him in the thought than rather than giving in to anguish we should focus on saving (and perhaps rebuilding) a political system that is in crisis and under dire threat.
And so I'd like to imagine my father giving me a pat on the back and even some fatherly (if critical) advise about an old question: "what is to be done?" And, as I try to think about the most effective response, my thoughts pivot around these two axes: First, we must understand the new political challenge we are facing, where it comes from, what its key components are. Second, we must collectively discuss and imagine how an MA program like ours—to my knowledge the only Democracy and Governance Program in the entire US—should evolve and adapt—and in ways that allow our students to sustain their diverse interests and goals while grasping and responding to the unprecedented challenges facing our country.


text:
Tag Archives: Fada
Tibesti 2010 ~ Return to Chad
Tibesti and Ennedi – 2010
Gerbert van der Aa
Visiting Tibesti has not really been an option these last few years; an ongoing civil war made it too risky. But around the beginning of 2010 I received signs that things were settling down, which was confirmed when I read a report of a visit to Emi Koussi by Italian tour operator and Chad specialist, Spazi d'Avventura. I decided to contact Jorge, a Portuguese guy that used to live in Chad, with the question of whether he knew a good guide. He directed me to Tchad Evasion, the main operator in Chad, but when I contacted them they said a travel permit for Tibesti would be difficult. They could could only guarantee a permit for Ennedi.
I contacted Jorge again, and asked if he knew some other people that could help me. He gave me the name of an American expat in Ndjamena, who has been studying the Tubu language since 1993. The American turned out to be a great guy. The situation in Tibesti was not really stable, he said, but if we contacted the right people a touristic visit should be possible. He said he knew a Tubu colonel in the Chadian army who could be our guide. After some discussions the colonel agreed. We would pay him 150 euros a day, all local taxes and permissions included.
Together with Ab, a Dutch friend we has been travelling all over the Sahara, I decided to look for other people to come along. We wanted six people in total. I would drive my Toyota HJ61 along the Atlantic from Holland to Ndjamena, Ab would ship his Nissan Patrol to Cameroon. We would all meet in Ndjamena. From there we planned to travel north to Mao, Zouar, Bardai, Faya, Ounianga, Fada and Guelta Archei in the Ennedi, then via Abeche to return to Ndjamena. We thought the 4000 kilometers would take us about 30 days.
Once in Chad it turned out the colonel was busy with his work, which made him decide to send two of his cousins. One of them turned out to be a really nice guy, the other one wasn't. The colonel gave our guides a Thuraya sat phone so they could call him if necessary. Before we left Ndjamena we visited the governor of Tibesti, who happened to be in town. Like the colonel he assured us our safety would be guaranteed. He hoped many more tourists would come to Tibesti in the near future, so that the local population would have a new source of income.
The first couple of days of the trip were not easy. The truck tracks north of Mao were often too deep for our cars, so progress was slow. But we enjoyed the many camels along the route and the famously overloaded trucks coming down from Libya. Unfortunately the engine of the Nissan got very hot, which caused us to stop frequently. After five days we finally arrived in Zouarké, a police checkpoint about 30 kilometers west of Zouar. The cousins of the colonel were received warmly by the police officers, also we in turn were treated very well.
The next day we visited Zouar, where we spent the night. From there we went back to Zouarké and continued to the Trou Natron, an volcano crater about one kilometre deep. The road was awful, with many big rocks, but the barren landscape was amazing. The 90 kilometres took us about six hours. From Trou we continued to Bardai, a beautiful oasis surrounded by strange-shaped rocks. The market was full of Libyan goods. We spent the night in the garden of a building that until 1999 was used by the French military who still have close connections with Chad.
We could not continue east to Yebbi Bou as planned, because Tubu rebels are causing problems there. In 2007 they kidnapped an American missionary, who was only liberated after nine months. So we drove back to Zouarké, and continued from there southeast to Faya. The Nissan, that was doing well in the mountains, started overheating again in the soft sand. To cool down the engine we drove a lot at night. At one point we passed one of the many Soviet tanks abandoned following the Libyan war with Chad during the 1980s when the Chadian Toyotas proved far more mobile in the desert.
In Faya we took two days rest and decided to sell the Nissan, after we found out we could hire a car with driver for about 100 euros a day. We continued to Ounianga, Fada and the famous Guelta Archei where we met other tourists for the first time during our trip. All my travel companions spotted the crocodiles in the guelta, I missed them because I was not patient enough. When visiting some natural arches in Ennedi we also met a French television team, making a documentary on the touristic potential of Chad. From the guelta it took us four days to drive back to Ndjamena.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Abéché, Bardai, BET, Chad, Ennedi, Fada, guelta archei, Mao, Ndjamena, Ounianga lakes, Tibesti, Trou Natron, tubu, Zouar, Zouarké on October 3, 2015 by Chris S.
Chad ~ Ennedi by Camel 2011
Alistair Bestow
I travelled by camel on a 28-day journey with one camel and a guide departing and returning to Fada. The trip started on 8th December 2011, and finished on 4 January 2012. The journey was excellent, the guide very good (although he could not speak any French or English, and I could not speak Goorani).
The trip covered several of the Ennedi highlights, including Guelta Archei (3 nights), Puit de Tokou (2 nights), Guelta Bachekele (noted as 'Ba Chekele' on the 1974 IGN 1:1m NE34' Largeau' sheet – top left, click to enlarge), 4 nights, Monou, Rocks of Terkei (2 nights), Guelta Deli, Baki and then returning to Fada. We travelled about 5-6 hours a day but spent several days at some sites. The weather was excellent, with only 2-3 days of quite strong wind. Food for the trip was basic, based on variations of spaghetti, rice, sardines, dried tomatoes, onions and tinned peas.
The trip was easier to organise than I had expected. I arrived in Fada on one day, discussed my reasons for coming to Fada with the Police, and they produced a guide for me. I suspect a relative of one of the Police. I organised a written contract, outlining a rough itinerary, stating the price, start and finish dates on my second day in Fada, and started the trip the third day. I was conscious for my own security that the Police should be aware of my travel plans, and the identity of my guide; this was all done before I departed.
The region is quite spectacular, with huge vistas of the desert with great rocks worn into all sorts of shapes, along with cliffs, arches, overhangs, 'organ pipe' stands of rock, and it was also enriching to see and meet the people who make their lives in this harsh environment. There were rock paintings to be found in caves – it was good to be able to have time to 'discover' my own as well as those known to the guide. There were many camels, all looking in very fine condition as well as goats and sheep. There was some wildlife to be seen – Dorcas Gazelle, crocodile (Guelta Archei -I had most success seeing the crocodiles early in the morning before the camels arrived), Hyrax, Fennec Fox, Jackal and Barbary Sheep (mouflon) at Guelta Deli. I am sure they were Barbary Sheep, but I need to do some research when I return home. Owls often called from the cliffs at night. I had a great time, and we returned on the 4th January to Fada, as agreed.
I obtained a 3 month visa from Brussels, and travelled to Ndjamena on Air France from Paris. You need to report to Immigration Office in Ndjamena upon arrival. You need an Autorisation de Circuler (A. de C.) before leaving Ndjamena. This takes a minimum of three days. Day 1 visit the Tourism Office near the airport to explain your itinerary to the official. When discussing the itinerary, make it clear that you expect to finish the trip by a particular date – probably the date on which you plan to leave Chad. They then prepare the A. de C., and you collect it the next working day. You then take it to the Office of Public Security 300 metres down the road for official stamping, and return there the next working day to collect the A. de C. It is advisable to take several copies of the A. de C., as it can save time when you report to the Police/Public Securite in towns along the way. Then you can go. (Hence it is best to start this process on a Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday – not on a Thursday or Friday, as you will have to sit out the weekend for the next working day.)
I took with me the inadequate very short chapter on Chad from Lonely Planet, as well as the very informative 'Petit Fute Guide to Tchad 2011-2012' 3rd Edition (2010). This 240 page guide has lots of information about things to see and do in Chad, as well as accommodation and GPS waypoints, but assumes that you have your own vehicle, so is not very good for getting about using local transport.
I travelled by bus from Ndjamena to Abeche (last internet). I then found a 4WD going north to Biltine, where I stopped overnight at the Restaurant Al Afia. (There is no accommodation in Biltine). I found other transport going to Kalait further north. (It is not marked on all maps, but is located a little further north than Oum Chalouba). There I stayed with the driver of the 4WD, as again there is no accommodation there. Transport to and from Fada is not available every day. I was lucky, and got a ride on an ancient Toyota Land Cruiser the next day. I arrived in Fada the following day. There is no accommodation in Fada, and was given the OK to stay in a Police cell at the Commissariat. Neither is there a restaurant in Fada so note that eating options here are limited. Cell telephone service is available in Fada and Faya.
To leave Fada, I had to wait for three days before I found an empty supply truck returning to Kalait. I then travelled from Kalait to Faya on top of an ageing Mercedes truck with 40 others, and stayed in Faya for 4 nights. Again, there is no accommodation in Faya – the only Auberge mentioned in guide books – the Emi Koussi – has closed. I stayed with a family near the Place de Marche for 4 nights. The people of Chad were very helpful and accommodating. To return to Ndjamena, I went by 4WD which took 2 days, although can take longer. I had thought about visiting Tibesti, but decided to see Ennedi 'properly', and to see Tibesti on another trip. This is as well, because when in Faya 10-13th January it was very windy and very cold, making sightseeing very unpleasant to say the least.
The Camel Trip
Costs. I paid CFA 10,000 or €15 per day (CFA655 = €1) for the camel, another CFA 10,000 per day for the guide, a lump sum of CFA150,000 (€235) for the basic food (sugar, spaghetti, sardines, tea, onions), and I spent another CFA 50,000 (€75) on 'extra' food, including tinned peas, biscuits, several kilos of dried milk, dried tomatoes and some extra sardines. (The options are very limited in Fada). The sting in the costs was the Tourist Tax levied at both Guelta Archei AND Guelta Bachekele. It is charged 'per group' – so if you are a 'group' of one then you have the honour of paying the whole fee. The tax is CFA50,000 (€75) per group at Guelta Archei, and I paid CFA40,000 (€63) at Bachekele, although the Police advised that it was CFA50,000.
We had one large camel, which I was free to ride, on a shared basis with the guide. Mostly I preferred to walk, because although a great baggage camel, it needed work to make sure it kept walking at a reasonable rate in the correct direction. You are also freer to take photographs while walking. Take a warm sleeping bag, as some nights were quite cold – say around 5-8 degrees C. My guide Karli Kallia – known by the Police as a camel guide, was excellent.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Abéché, Camelling in Chad, Camelling in ennedi, Chad, Ennedi, Fada, Faya, guelta archei on October 3, 2015 by Chris S.
Report from Chad (BET) 2013
by Andzej Bielecki
Together with four friends, I recently completed a four-week tour in Chad. One car came from Belgium via the Atlantic Route and then through West Africa. A second car was rented (with the compulsory driver) for 80,000 FCFA/day ('XAF'; €120).
Our itinerary (see map, right) took us from Ndjamena anticlockwise down to Mongo, Zakouma NP, up to Abéché, Kalait, Ennedi, Fada, Demi, the Ounianga lakes, Gouro, Yebbi Bou in the Tibesti then Faya, Moussoro and back to Ndjamena.
Although the era of 'mass tourism' might be said to have arrived to northern Chad, the Authorisation de Circuler is still compulsory, as is the registration in Ndjamena (procedure still the same). However, we didn't have a single police/gendarmerie check during the whole stay. Only the newly created Office du Tourisme Tchadien (known to everybody as 'OTT') checks the AdC in Fada and Ounianga. In Gouro and Yebbi Bou the Gendarmerie/Sous-préfet were vaguely interested in it too.
During the season the main sites around the Ounianga Lakes and in the Ennedi massif are visited on a daily basis by the tour groups of Point Afrique. Seven sites in this region now charge 5000 FCFA/person (€7.5; change from the former 50,000 FCFA per group policy) and even issue receipts. Some souvenir sellers have also have appeared. In Bachikele, near Guelta d'Archei, the chef du canton tried to charge us the old rate; we refused and left but were still, apparently, chased by young men with AK47s. We complained to OTT in Fada and the 'délégué regional au tourisme' admitted this was the fourth time this season this happened at Bachikele. But OTT does seem to have some kind of authority; they quickly found our guide in Fada and all of a sudden every Chadian that argues with tourists becomes very easy-going when OTT is mentioned (concrete example taken from a discussion with a guide we hired that wanted more than the agreed price…).
We took a guide from Fada to Gouro through Demi and the Ounianga lakes which is not absolutely essential but was still very useful (six days – 140,000 FCFA). The second guide (Gouro to Yebbi Bou, Meski, Rond Point de Gaulle and Faya) cost us 170,000 FCFA for five days. A guide south through the Erg du Djourab is not necessary unless there's a sand storm; the tracks are very obvious and the balises clearly visible.
The three-day route from Ounianga Kebir to Kufra in southeast Libya sees only erratic traffic since 2011 and merchants were complaining. However, the Sebha to Faya piste through the Passe de Kourizo sees quite a few Mercedes trucks plying the route in about five days. We saw a few en route and about a dozen Libyan trucks in Faya. There is a Libyan consulate in Faya but only Tubus risk this drive (see also this).
As it probably comes from Libya, fuel is much cheaper in the north, but as before is sold only in 220-litre drums for between 75,000 and 90,000 FCFA. In the north it's also much easier to find petrol as many cars are imported from Libya. In the Tibesti it might even be difficult to find diesel. In Ndjamena a litre costs about 550 FCFA (€0.84) in a fuel station.
Mobile coverage was widely available in the south. In northern Chad Salal, Faya, Gouro, Ounianga Kebir, Fada and Kalait had signals. The network broke down in Gouro three days before we came.
Road to Sudan
From Abéché it's possible to drive to Sudan; the border seems open. However, the Sudan embassy in Ndjamena only issues visas to residents of Chad. There's also a consulate in Abéché but we weren't able to check with them. There seems to be tarmac from El Geneina to Khartoum, but the trucks go in a convoy escorted by the Sudanese army every week or fortnight. I imagine one could show up in El Geneina and join the convoy or pay the army for a private escort. Abéché to Adré takes 3-4 hours. The road from Ndjamena through Mongo to Abéché is tarred almost all the way (will be finished in a few months). There are about six toll stations, each is 500 FCFA/vehicle and a receipt is issued.
Travel in the Sahara has long been disrupted by the activities of AQIM and similar groups including Boko Haram based in nearby northeastern Nigeria. And as we all know, Chadian troops are currently engaged with French and Malian forces in Operation Serval in northern Mali and there was a coup in CAR a few days ago, and you wonder if this might lead to a resumption of the normal Chadian state of affairs. Hopefully not. Our conviction was that as long as we stayed clear of border areas we would minimise the risks.
President Deby has recently decided on the creation of many new Départements, Régions and Sous-préféctures. Almost all villages in the north are now virtually sous-préféctures where the sous-préfet (usually a local elder barely speaking French) appreciates visits from the foreigners. They are the link between the State and the local tribal authorities and get new Land Cruisers, offices and even a residence. I imagine this is another way for Deby to strengthen his grip on the north. He himself originates from just south of the Ennedi and his tribe, the Zaghawa, extends as far as Bachikele and Monou. I cannot imagine that some of the revenue from tourism doesn't flow back to high circles in Ndjaména. I therefore think there is a major interest in safeguarding security and preventing foreign infiltrations in Chad by ensuring a revenue and the preserving the power base of the President. That's the assumption under which we travelled but only the future will tell if we were right.
See also 'Chad Ennedi and Tubu Films'
Another Chad report from 2012
This entry was posted in Desert Babbles (blog) and tagged Abéché, Adré, Bachikele, BET, Chad, Demi, El Geneina, Ennedi, Erg du Djourab, Fada, Faya, Gouro, Guelta d'Archei, Kufra, Meski, Ndjamena, Office du Tourisme Tchadien, Ounianga lakes, Passe de Kourizo, President Deby, Rond Point de Gaulle, Tibesti, Yebbi Bou, Zaghawa on March 27, 2013 by Chris S.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The creative industries sector in Wales is booming. The people at the BBC understand that creativity is not the only key to their future success. Apprenticeships are too.
Apprenticeships make businesses more productive and more competitive by creating opportunities for young people.
Apprentices have the ambition, talent and commitment to help your business reach new levels of sustainable success.
The development of the new Roath Lock production facility in Cardiff Bay resulted in the creation of the Apprenticeship Programme in drama that has proved a success for the BBC since it was established.
"We needed to develop a way of ensuring we could nurture and develop a local workforce where we had key skills gaps," said Tom Morrey, Talent Manager at the BBC.
"Our production departments considered several options to meet our requirements and that of our employees but it was an Apprenticeship Programme that ticked all the boxes.
"The outcomes of the scheme have been clear. Apprentices have a way into a highly competitive industry while learning key skills, providing an alternative to going to university.


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Former LLP member allowed to pursue 'whistleblower' claim
By Monidipa Fouzder2016-04-26T09:16:00+01:00
The Employment Appeal Tribunal has allowed a former managing partner at a limited liability partnership (LLP) to pursue a claim against the firm in an alleged whistleblowing case.
In Roberts v Wilsons Solicitors LLP & Ors (Victimisation Discrimination: Whistleblowing), EAT president Mrs Justice Simler DBE (pictured) said Andrew Roberts, who was a member of Wilsons Solicitors LLP of St Johns Street, Salisbury, could pursue a claim for post-termination losses.
In November 2015, the employment tribunal concluded that Roberts' claim in relation to when his LLP membership terminated faced an 'insurmountable hurdle'. Neither party challenged this decision, though Roberts reserves the right to do so on any further appeal.
The tribunal also ruled that 'the losses that flow from that termination should be struck out'.
Overturning that ruling, the EAT judgment states that 'no reasons or explanation were provided for that decision and strictly speaking, it may have been an enlargement of the scope of the application to strike out for which permission was neither sought nor granted'.
Simler accepted Roberts' submission that the lower tribunal had been wrong to strike out the compensation claim for termination 'in advance of consideration of the evidence and the facts'.
She added that the 'mere fact that the claimant has not challenged the expulsion as a detriment in itself does not entail that his argument that losses following his expulsion are attributable to the earlier unlawful treatment is doomed to fail'.
The EAT's judgment states that Roberts had brought tribunal proceedings claiming compensation for 'detriments suffered by him as a worker as a result of the making of protected disclosures pursuant to section 47B [of the] Employment Rights Act 1996'.
Roberts claimed his LLP membership ceased with effect from 5 February 2015.
However, the LLP 'did not accept' that there had been any repudiatory breach of the agreement, saying Roberts remained a member 'albeit in breach of the agreement because he had failed to provide any service'. Roberts was given notice, expelling him from the LLP, on 30 April 2015 with immediate effect.
Simler said Roberts 'may pursue his claim for post-termination losses said to be attributable to the alleged unlawful conduct of the respondents prior to his expulsion'.
'If he establishes liability, it will be a question of fact and judgment for the tribunal to determine whether his claim for compensation on this basis satisfies the requirements of section 49(2) [of the 1996 act], and if so, what compensation is just and equitable in this case'.
Wilsons Solicitors told the Gazette: 'As the case is ongoing, we are not in a position to comment other than to say that Mr Roberts' claim is without merit and we are defending it vigorously.'
2 Readers' comments


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Q: Is there a better/more efficient way to capture composite X windows in Linux? As per subject I have the following pseudo-code to setup window capture in X (Linux):
xdisplay = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
win_capture = ...find the window to capture...
XCompositeRedirectWindow(xdisplay, win_capture, CompositeRedirectAutomatic);
XGetWindowAttributes(xdisplay, win_capture, &win_attr); // attributes used later
GLXFBConfig *configs = glXChooseFBConfig(xdisplay, win_attr.root, config_attrs, &nelem);
// cycle through the configs to
// find a valid one
...
win_pixmap = XCompositeNameWindowPixmap(xdisplay, win_capture);
const int pixmap_attrs[] = {GLX_TEXTURE_TARGET_EXT, GLX_TEXTURE_2D_EXT,
                    GLX_TEXTURE_FORMAT_EXT,
                    GLX_TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGBA_EXT, None};
gl_pixmap = glXCreatePixmap(xdisplay, config, win_pixmap, pixmap_attrs);
gl_ctx = glXCreateNewContext(xdisplay, config, GLX_RGBA_TYPE, 0, 1);
glXMakeCurrent(xdisplay, gl_pixmap, gl_ctx);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glGenTextures(1, &gl_texmap);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, gl_texmap);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, win_attr.width, win_attr.height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

Then, much later on, this would be the loop to capture the frames:
glXMakeCurrent(xdisplay, gl_pixmap, gl_ctx);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, gl_texmap);
glXBindTexImageEXT(xdisplay, gl_pixmap, GLX_FRONT_LEFT_EXT, NULL);
glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data); // data is output RGBA buffer
glXReleaseTexImageEXT(xdisplay, gl_pixmap, GLX_FRONT_LEFT_EXT);

I basically do glXBindTexImageEXT -> glGetTexImage -> glXReleaseTexImageEXT so that I get an updated picture.
It does work, but not sure I'm doing the right/optimal thing.
Is there a better/more optimized way to get such picture/context?

A: As of now I've found a slightly better way to implement fetching the composite window through OpenGL, via PBO; the advantages of this way is that you could initiate the command asynchronously and then retrieve the RGBA buffer from system memory, whilst the OpenGL driver does data transfer.
Sample pseudocode:
// setup a PBO
GLuint cur_pbo;
glGenBuffers(1, &cur_pbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, cur_pbo);
glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, size, NULL, GL_STREAM_READ);

Then much later on
glXMakeCurrent(xdisplay, gl_pixmap, gl_ctx);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, gl_texmap);
glXBindTexImageEXT(xdisplay, gl_pixmap, GLX_FRONT_LEFT_EXT, NULL);
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, cur_pbo);
// This will initiate the data transfer, the previous
// buffer pointer is now an offset in the index bound by previous
// glBufferData call
glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);
// do something else
...
...
...
// then later on when we _really_ need to get the data
// perform this call which will make wait if the RGBA
// data is not avilable yet
void* rgba_ptr = glMapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, GL_READ_ONLY);
// Then when finished to use rgba_ptr, release it
glUnmapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER);
glXReleaseTexImageEXT(xdisplay, gl_pixmap, GLX_FRONT_LEFT_EXT);

This approach is definitely better than original approach (in the question) if you can use the CPU/same thread to do something between the calls to glGetTexImage and glMapBuffer.
It's worth thinking it may be still better even if you perform these calls sequentially (instead of glGetTexImage without PBO) because the driver may still optimize the transfer and would manage the system memory buffer itself.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.
I play cricket and football.
I play tennis but John does not play.
It joins words, phrases, and clauses that are of equal importance in a sentence.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor.
For – Used to introduce the reason for something mentioned in the previous statement.
I went to the grocery store, for I was out of sugar.
I believed her, for surely she would not lie to me.
And – Used to connect words or parts of sentences.
Ram and I left early.
Do it slowly and carefully?
Can you read and write in English?
He wasn't there on Monday. Nor on Tuesday, for that matter.
The elderly lady did not see the car nor did she hear the horn.
His mother won't be there, but his father might.
Is your sister older or younger than you?
It can be black, white or grey.
I thought I knew you, yet how wrong I was.
Subordinate conjunctions connect two unequal parts (a dependent clause and an independent clause).
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text:
Andy Murray says tennis players should 'probably' be required to take Covid vaccine
A.P. - 8. decembra, 2020 0
by A.P. Andy Murray thinks tennis players should "probably" be required to take a Covid-19 vaccine to be able to continue to play on the...
A.P. - 26. novembra, 2020 0
French Open: Andy Murray given wildcard for Roland Garros
Andrej Potokar - 15. septembra, 2020 0
Britain's former world number one Andy Murray has been given a wildcard to the main draw of this month's French Open. The 33-year-old Scot, currently...
European Open: Andy Murray beats Kimmer Coppejans in first round in Antwerp
Andrej Potokar - 16. oktobra, 2019 0
Andy Murray won his first ATP Tour-level match in Europe for 16 months as he beat Belgian Kimmer Coppejans in the opening round of...
Andy Murray beats Matteo Berrettini at China Open
Andrej Potokar - 2. oktobra, 2019 0
Andy Murray impressively beat Matteo Berrettini 7-6 (7-2) 7-6 (9-7) at the China Open to set up a second round tie against fellow Briton...
Andy Murray beats Tennys Sandgren at Zhuhai Championships
Andy Murray said victory over Tennys Sandgren at the Zhuhai Championships in China was one of his best as he continued his return from...
Andy Murray loses to Tennys Sandgren in Winston-Salem Open first round
Andrej Potokar - 22. avgusta, 2019 0
Andy Murray is still searching for his first singles win since hip surgery after losing 7-6 7-5 to Tennys Sandgren in the Winston-Salem Open...
Andy Murray returns to Wimbledon with men's doubles win
Andrej Potokar - 5. julija, 2019 0
Andy Murray's Wimbledon return began in ideal fashion as the Briton and his partner Pierre-Hugues Herbert thrilled the home fans with a late-night comeback...
Andy Murray to partner Serena Williams in Wimbledon mixed doubles
Britain's Andy Murray has confirmed he will play mixed doubles with Serena Williams at Wimbledon. Murray, a two-time singles champion at SW19, will compete in...
Andy Murray makes winning return in doubles at Queen's
Andrej Potokar - 20. junija, 2019 0
Britain's Andy Murray came through his first match since a career-saving hip operation with an impressive victory in the Queen's doubles. Murray, 32, was seemingly...


text:
Q: How do programs acess the internet? Just out of curiosity, how do programs acess the internet? For example, Icloud is a program by apple that automatically syncs photos, notes, etc. from an apple device to a pc through a wireless connection. Is there a specific function in the C language that allows it to do this? I'm interested in using wireless information like this to control robots, sync computers, etc in the future.

A: This is a very big topic that can not be answered in a simple Q and A format on this site.
If you just want to write programs to talk over the internet, I would recommend learning the basics of programming. As you learn programming you will start to understand how things talk to each other and the whole "client server architecture" and programming with sockets.
If you want to learn the nuts and bolts of "How the internet works" and don't really care about the programming side, I recommend listening to the Security Now! episodes on "How the internet works". I will link the episodes directly talking about the topic but I do recommend going and listening to the other episodes in between the ones I listed (especially the Q&A episodes following each linked ep.)

*

*#309 - How the Internet Works, Part 1

*#313 - How The Internet Works: ICMP & UDP

*#317 - TCP Part 1 – Getting Connected

*#323 - TCP Pt.2 - Attacking TCP

*#325 - TCP Pt.3 - Necessary Refinements


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The Black Moor Goldfish is one of several varieties of Carassius auratus auratus. Goldfish originally came from parts of Asia, Japan, and China but now enjoy worldwide distribution thanks to controlled breeding programs. The Black Moor Goldfish is of the Veil Tail variety, and has an overall black coloration. Moor varieties have metallic scales. All goldfish are members of the carp group and are generally quite hardy.
There appears to be a definite courtship ritual when buy Black Moor Goldfish breed. Breeding often results in up to 1,000 eggs, with fry hatching in five to six days. They should be fed small pieces of live or prepared foods designed for egg-laying fish.


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The change will be effective Feb. 19, 2016.
In an effort to accommodate Mt. San Jacinto College students, the city of San Jacinto plans to change the street sweeping schedule around the college class schedule. Street sweeping will now occur on the 1st and 3rd Friday of the month between the hours of 12 p.m. and 4 p.m. This change will be implemented Friday, February 19th. The streets that will be included are Community College Drive, Gold, Country Village (west of Eagle Drive) and Eagle Drive (north of the Ramona Expressway). Any vehicles that remain on the street during the posted time frame will be cited.


text:
2019 U.S. Forest Service Highlights
Written October 26, 2020
Tags: Pathways, US Forest Service, USFS
Trail Administration — Administered five NSTs (Pacific Crest, Pacific Northwest, Arizona, Continental Divide, and Florida), one NHT (Nez Perce), and managed portions of many others.
Maintenance — Maintained and cared for approximately 6,115 miles of trail across the six NSHTs administered by the USFS in Fiscal Year 2019.
Trail Improvements — Improved (i.e. alterated, expanded, or constructed) approximately 103 miles of trail across the six USFS administered NSHTs in FY19.
Volunteer Support — Volunteers made significant trail maintenance contributions to the six NSHTs administered by the USFS in FY19, as a total of approximately 235,507 volunteer hours were completed with an in-kind value of almost $5,800,000.
Planning — Made progress with Nez Perce National Historic Trail and Arizona National Scenic Trail on their Comprehensive Management Plans.
National Forest System Trails Stewardship Act Implementation — Continued to implement the Trail Maintenance Priority Areas, including the entire Continental Divide National Scenic Trail and a variety of sections of other NSHTs.
National Strategy for a Sustainable Trail System Implementation — Continued implementation of the National Trail Strategy, with the release of the 10-Year Trail Challenge expected in 2020.


text:
Machinations of TV leave us fans out in the cold
Steve Brownlee
sbrownlee@miningjournal.net
It wasn't the Packers and it wasn't the Lions, but it still had me peeved for a bit on Monday afternoon.
What was it that raised my hackles? The Washington-at-Pittsburgh game was promised to us at 5 p.m. on Fox after the game was moved from Sunday. It got moved due to the Steelers having to play on Wednesday last week with all the coronavirus positive tests the Baltimore Ravens had before that.
So I flip over to Fox-U.P. promptly at 5 o'clock and there's no game. Just to be safe, I tried Fox Sports Detroit, then Fox Sports Detroit-Plus, then FS1 and finally FS2.
Nothing! Instead, I switched over to my usual late-afternoon Game Show Network fare, though I kept coming back to those Fox stations just in case they interrupted "Mike and Molly" with Joe and Troy (that's Buck and Aikman).
Still nothing came up by about 6 p.m., so I thought I'd do a little internet search to see if there was a hue and cry rising from the masses.
And ESPN already had a story on it. While I couldn't find it again a day later, I remember most of it — while finding some other stories about the same subject.
The gist of it was that since Steelers-Washington matchup was a Sunday afternoon game, the rescheduled game would only be available to Fox stations that originally were going to carry it on Sunday.
Apparently it has something to do with Sunday Ticket and DirecTV and stuff I don't remember most of the details about. The main point was that it was out of Fox's hands on this one — which makes sense, because I imagine if it was up to Fox and they're already going to have their entire crew there for a broadcast, why not show it to everyone?
There was no way that our Upper Peninsula station would've been showing Steelers-Washington on Sunday, since the Lions-Bears game was also a Fox game in the same 1 p.m. time slot.
That kind of leads into an explanation of why we didn't have a problem getting Tuesday's Dallas-Baltimore game on NBC. That game was originally a national game to be played last Thursday night, so it remained a nationwide game when it was rescheduled.
Ah, the machinations of TV — dontcha love it?!?!
Onto Week 14, which doesn't have any earth-shaking changes to the original schedule, except that the Packers-Lions game was moved from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m.:
Today, 8:20 p.m.
New England at Los Angeles Rams — Each of these teams had big wins last week, but in different ways. The Patriots blew the doors off the other L.A. team, the Chargers, 45-0, while the Rams took out a much higher-regarded Arizona team, though only 38-28. The Rams seem to have a better track record this season. Rams, 29-24.
Sunday, 1 p.m.
Denver at Carolina — I would think a late-season bye like Carolina had last week would be so precious they might consider offering it in trade for, say, a second- or third-round draft pick. Betcha the league would shoot that down in the blink of an eye, though. Balancing between the bye and the Panthers' Christian McCaffrey coming back vs. the Carolina placing eight players on the COVID-19 reserve list, I'll have to take the Broncos, 27-23.
Houston at Chicago — Working on a six-game losing streak, the Bears have so much "reverse" momentum, I think the reverse has reversed itself. In other words, seven doesn't seem like too big a number for Chicago's losing streak, not against a Houston team that's won three of five. Texans, 20-17.
Dallas at Cincinnati — Dallas should feel a kinship with Cincy. Both are teams without their original quarterback and any semblance of a defense. Cowboys, 34-28.
Tennessee at Jacksonville — No matter how hard they try, the Jaguars just can't seem to "catch" the Jets for the No. 1 draft pick. But they are trying with their 11-game losing streak. Titans, 31-20.
Kansas City at Miami — As dominant as KC was early in the season, I see they've won their last four games by a combined total of just 15 points. They usually score that in the first five minutes of a half in a lot of games. Still, I'm sticking with 'em until they fail. Chiefs, 29-26.
Arizona at New York Giants — As mentioned with the Chicago and Jacksonville, there's a difference between bouncing back after a loss and building a losing streak. For Arizona, it's four of five losses, while the Giants have won four straight. New York's wins are a bit thin, with only Seattle a playoff contender if you don't count any of the crummy teams in the league's amateur division, the NFC East. Still, it's a late-season run. Giants, 24-17.
Minnesota at Tampa Bay — An old NFC "Norris" Division matchup. Tampa has lost three of four, but the worst of those three teams they lost to was the Rams. Coming off the other bye last week, I'll take the Buccaneers, 30-24.
Green Bay at Detroit — The Lions got the "bounce" last week that teams supposedly get when changing coaches. I understand it only lasts one week for most. Packers, 38-27.
Indianapolis at Las Vegas — I see the Raiders as an outfit that takes advantage of teams that aren't "buttoned up." It worked in the Cleveland game when they went there and won. Only thing, though, is I consider Indy as having all of its buttons done up nicely. Colts, 24-19.
New York Jets at Seattle — Even if the Seahawks had won 45-0 last week, this one would be easy. However, you don't want to face these "angry birds" coming off that upset to the Giants. Seahawks, 42-3.
Atlanta at Los Angeles Chargers — Two of the worst NFL teams when it comes to protecting a lead. At least it was that way early in the year for Atlanta before changing coaches to Raheem Morris. Any chance he'll be available for the Lions to hire? Falcons, 28-27.
New Orleans at Philadelphia — You know you're bad when you're only a half-game out of the basement in the NFC "Least." No matter which QB Philly trots out, Carson Wentz or Jalen Hurts, he's going to be under siege against one of the best defenses in the league. Saints, 34-13.
Washington at San Francisco — Sing this to "Jingle Bells": "Reverse momentum all the way …" Case in point — the "Football Team" (Washington) should be sky high after beating the previously undefeated Steelers as part of a three-game winning streak, while San Fran has lost four of five, all five of those games against teams leading or tied atop their divisions. Give me the team on the skids! 49ers, 27-16.
Sunday, 8:20 p.m.
Pittsburgh at Buffalo — People a lot smarter than me are saying this is the beginning of the end for the Steelers. I won't argue with them. Bills, 27-23.
Monday, 8:15 p.m.
Baltimore at Cleveland — The Browns are like Lucy in the "Peanuts" comic strip when she holds the football for Charlie Brown to kick. Run up for the kick, and whoops, there she goes pulling the ball away again. I'll bite on Cleveland anyway. Browns, 24-19.
Last week — 12-3, 80 percent (best of the season!). Season — 122-69-1, 64 percent.
Steve Brownlee can be reached at 906-228-2500, ext. 252. His email address is sbrownlee@miningjournal.net.
Michigan Tech reschedules 2 hockey series
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Richard C. Peterson
2 ex-health officials charged with manslaughter in Flint
'The world is watching'
Let's cut Michigan's property tax
NMU Sports
Monday: In Business
Saturday: Weekend
Sunday: Our Youth
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text:
'Africa can learn from Zambia's unity', says Kenneth Kaunda, and he has no regrets
LEE MWITI* Zambia is 50 this year. Its founding president reflects on the journey. Zambia on October 24 celebrates its 50th birthday as an independent nation, and to better appreciate the country's journey, Mail & Guardian Africa dropped in on His Excellency Dr Kenneth Kaunda, its first president. Excerpts.
Mail & Guardian Africa: You have seen Africa though 50 years of post independence, longer than any of your peers—any founding father who was leading his nation at independence. What would you say is the secret to your long and rich life? Kenneth Kaunda: When you look at the creation of wealth, God taught us to love God your creator, with all your heart, all your soul, all your mind, all your strength. He also taught us to love thy neighbour, as thou lovest thyself. Do unto others, as you would have them do unto you. These commandments are in my view what God made to guide us, and where these commandments are followed, there is genuine peace. MGA: You were part of a golden generation of African independence leaders that quickened the end of colonisation in Africa, in the spirit of that song you like, Tiyendi Pamodzi (forward together). With the benefit of hindsight, would you have done anything differently during the struggle for independence? KK: I cannot see how anyone could fail to identify the meaning of building a nation anywhere, any part of the world, because we need to move forward in one way, and think of certain things in our nations, especially in the meaning of development. Development can be in many forms and in various fields of human endeavour, its not just in one area. Your question becomes important even more when we realise man's future is dependent on a number of things that he is required to do; if man doesn't do these things in a necessary way, then what is there, it will all collapse, it will become nothing. MGA: If I can stay with the independence period at that time, many African countries chose planned economies, and there are some who have cited this for slower growth, and economies could have grown faster if we had the current market economies. Was an alternative path possible at independence? KK: The planned economy for some of us was an extremely important area in human life. How do you meet these challenges that God has given us in our lives if you don't help plan the economy? If you don't plan your economy, you are leaving everything in the hands of some other people, not yourself. You are leaving the door wide open for others to misbehave, to complicate your own life. MGA: He wanted us to intervene…? KK: Yes, yes. So that way we must work hard to see that economic planning is done by the people themselves in a given country, and it is not something which should be done by other people, the people themselves have to do that, and that's how I see it. MGA: Your Excellency, I have seen a lot of things being done by the Chinese, and as I speak to Zambians they have a very favourable view of the work that is being undertaken by the Chinese. In Africa I think Zambia and Tanzania have arguably had the longest relationships with China in the post-independent period, and this is a relationship that blossomed under your rule. What can we learn for the Chinese approach? KK: I think they are a very good lesson for us. When we were fighting [for independence and liberation], in China, the government was being led by Mao TseTsung. The other young man who was leading the fight there [Chiang Kai-Shek] is the one who ran to Taiwan. The West and the UN said this is the real leader of China, not Mao TseTsung. And we, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere and myself said no, the real leader of China is this man, Mao TseTsung. We argued strongly, thank God we succeeded in the recognition of China as a true member of the United Nations, and this was confirmed by everybody. China, they were strong communists, but that did not worry us, that is their way of thinking, and we thought differently and up to now we remain good friends, and many of them are here with us, helping us to build Zambia in different ways; roads, schools, hospitals and all those organisations that are required in human life. MGA: So we should welcome them in the development of Africa? KK: Yes, definitely. I have visited a number of African countries; one time I went to Nigeria and I found a big headquarters being built, Chinese headquarters, developing there to help develop Nigeria, and so we find this in many parts of the continent. MGA: Your Excellency, we are also seeing new things around the continent, we are seeing cross border terrorism, we have seen conflict, what would we need to change in your assessment so as to live in peace? KK: Peace is something special in our lives, and I would counsel all our friends, left[ist], right[ist], centre, to maintain that peace. Peace means you are working with other people in your own development efforts, at the same time you are keeping your own standards, and you are able to see what path you can follow in development. We are looking for economic development, once we develop economically we be able to meet challenges of education, look at hospitals, get your roads in your own country, get what you use in human development. MGA: Essentially if you have human development you reduce the chances of conflict? KK: Exactly. No doubt about it. Once you lessen the areas of conflict then of course growth is assured, and it is what we are trying to look for wherever we are. We want it to reduce conflict in our continent, reduce poverty and its options of ignorance, disease, crime, corruption. MGA: If I can take you to the issue of African integration, there have been many efforts right from pan-Africanism to where we are now with the African Union, but there are those who feel Africa is still behind other people such as the European Union in terms of integration. If we trace the path of integration, what have been the challenges for Africa? KK: Integration has to be about many things. In Zambia as we fought for our independence we had 73 tribes, then came the English tribe, the Irish tribe, the Boer tribe, the Pakistani tribe…many.
In terms of colour we had a problem there, because the English who came to join us are White, we are Black, the Indians, Pakistanis, the Boers are Brown, so colour comes in, as a challenge, yet if you understand what you are doing you can instill cooperation among all these people, you build something, unity of these people regardless of colour, regardless of faith. But yet we have managed to build ourselves here, and we continue to work together. We are developing, we are growing, even among the faiths such as Islam, and we are working together. In the end, those differences don't lead us to divisions, they lead us to building, hence One Zambia, One Nation. MGA: So what we are saying is that African leaders can learn from Zambia, the way it has managed to live as one nation, to overcome the differences we have as countries? KK: Certainly, certainly. That is how we build ourselves. MGA: If I can ask you about the African Union, which was the Organisation of African Unity in your time, how do you assess its efforts towards bringing Africa together? KK: I was chairman of OAU twice (1970 and 1987) and I must say I visited many African countries, and I explained wherever I go how I saw the OAU. I found it very useful. We were able to talk about African security [and accomplish a lot.] MGA: If I can ask, you, Tanzania's Julius Nyerere and Uganda's Milton Obote were part of what was called the Mulungushi Club, and very few know about it and maybe you could tell us what it was all about, and why we don't have such partnerships [in Africa] anymore? KK: We were working together very closely with others. The Mulungushi Club was designed to build a leadership area of independence against those who were oppressing people in Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa. We were happy to fight for their independence. For example we followed Mahatma Gandhi's method, he taught us that when you are fighting to breach colonialism, you can afford to fight it non-violently. But these others you've got to use the gun, and when we were fighting them we fought using the gun, we went to prison in, out, otherwise we were in a non-violent battle. When we were fighting in Angola, Mozambique we established stations to train fighters, and it took them some years. Mwalimu trained them using Chinese and USSR, they brought soldiers there, troops to train, came to Zambia to train them (Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) here. We were helped a lot by the Chinese and the Soviet Union, and when we begun training them here the Boers started bombing us. So our whole struggle is something of great independence, it is historical, has so many factors, one day you may see them in my memoirs that I am writing. MGA: Maybe I may ask…do you miss all this, your friends, your generation, do you ever sit and say, "I miss these guys", and wish you could sit together for one last hurray? KK: Every second. We've been meeting, in the day, when we were retired, we still keep in touch quite well. MGA: I can ask you my last question; is there anything generally Africa does not talk about or pay as much attention to as it should? KK: [After some reflection] Well, if we don't handle the question of future unity properly we could lose something of importance. All our leaders are talking about political unity, and looking into the future of African unity, and that's why we said we see here in Zambia, Michael Sata, he is talking about that, I have written to 13 presidents about the importance of building unity, including through friends such as China, and these shows we are still friends as the OAU intended, as we fight Africa's challenges. *Culled from mgafrica]]>
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Gary muhammad says:
Game changing, African americans returning to Africa with technology and resources. The New World Future Forever.
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Note: I have moved to Saarland University!
I am among the 49 ACM Distinguished Members that were recognized in 2018 by the Association for Computing Machinery for contributions that have revolutionized how we live, work, and play.
Times Higher Education features our research on double-blind reviewing (see also the original article in Communications of the ACM).
Network Science Offers New Perspective on Developer Roles in Open Source Software @ IEEE Software blog.
I apply my research results routinely to real-world software systems and projects from different domains, in particular, data-intensive, operating, and high-performance computing systems, both from the open-source realm or in collaborations with partners from industry, such as Siemens AG, Bosch Austria, Airbus Helicopters, and Fraunhofer IESE.
Sven Apel, Joanne Atlee, Luciano Baresi, and Pamela Zave. Feature Interactions: The Next Generation (No. 14281). July 6th – 11th, 2014.
Sven Apel, William R. Cook, Krzysztof Czarnecki, and Oscar Nierstrasz. Feature-Oriented Software Development (No. 11021). January 9th – 14th, 2011.
Sven Apel, Don Batory, Goetz Graefe, Gunter Saake, and Olaf Spinczyk. Software Engineering for Tailor-made Data Management (No. 08281). July 06th – 11th, 2008.
My keynote at MODULARITY 2016 is available at YouTube.
Huffington Post Article: Chris Parnin summarizes our fMRI research: Scientists Begin Looking at Programmers' Brains: The Neuroscience of Programming. See also the discussion thread at Slashdot.


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Yes, we supply and repair Dunkermotoren - you have come to the right place. UK Drive Systems repair centre at Stafford hold the UK parts stock for repair and servicing Dunkermotoren specialist range of geared motors.
If you are looking for a replacement motor click here to check the Model Number.
or for a quick quote click here and let us know the motor details.
UK Drive Systems are exclusive UK Agents for Dunkermotoren. We are the UK repair facility and parts stock centre for the Dunkermotoren range of DC geared motors.
Do you need new brushes for your Dunkermotoren motor?
We offer a fast brush replacement service.
Let us know the details of your motor or call 07825 994946 or 01785 660759.
Dunkermotoren quality drive for many industrial application solutions.
High quality products, maintenance-free, durable with maximum lifetime use.
Golf playing robot using Dunkermotoren.
Our UK repair centre is centrally based at Stafford where our trained specialist engineers repair and refurbish Dunkermotoren gear motors found on a wide range of applications in automation engineering throughout the UK and the rest of the world.
Repair and supply of AC and DC motors, motor brushes, variable frequency drive, brushless DC drive, etc.


Finding one of Capitol Hill's Little Free Libraries is a lovely little literary treat. What are they reading in Miller Park? What are they giving away?
Let Your Library Loose this Summer!
Get ready to design, build and steward a Little Free Library prototype that promotes community and literacy in Seattle's neighborhoods!
Little Free Libraries are small-scale book shelters that function as "take-a-book, leave-a-book" gathering places. They provide a location where the free exchange of books, ideas, stories, and interests contribute to a shared experience valued by neighbors and visitors. All entry fees benefit Architects Without Borders – Seattle, a local non-profit that provides ecologically sensitive and culturally appropriate design assistance to communities in need.
Susan Jones – Principal of atelierjonesConsider what design can do to foster community and literacy in our local neighborhoods and let your library loose!
Individuals can register for $75, small businesses for $100. Kids under 18 can enter for free.
We'll check in on the competition and any new Capitol Hill little library projects to watch for.
This entry was posted in News, etc. and tagged books, libraries by CHS Staff. Bookmark the permalink.
I don't understand. Where is the plug for my iPad? Oh, oh… It's wi-fi. Sorry. Duh.


Florence Postel started AXPHARMA in 2001, after over 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry, notably at Eli Lilly and 12 years at MSD.
Ms Postel is a Doctor of Pharmacy and holds an MSc in Pharmacology and an executive MBA. Starting AXPHARMA anticipated the needs of the pharmaceutical industry. As the first specialist company in its field, AXPHARMA is perfectly positioned to offer laboratories a variety of specially adapted, high-quality services to help them face the constantly growing regulatory demands of pharmacovigilance.
AXPHARMA today employs nearly 50 professionals, of whom nearly half are physicians or pharmacists specialising in pharmacovigilance. In order to be fully qualified to carry out pharmacovigilance services, numerous DIA certifications are necessary. AXPHARMA can also count on the support of a number of certified consultants.
Pour répondre au mieux aux demandes croissantes et aux possibles crises, un département d'Information Médicale distinct du département PV a été créé depuis quatre ans et est encadré par des pharmaciens. Pour assurer le service astreinte nuit et weekend, des collaborateurs sont exclusivement médecins et pharmaciens.


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text:
NASCAR official: 'I believe in humble protesting'
By Dustin LongJun 8, 2020, 9:51 AM EDT
A black NASCAR official who saluted the flag from his knee during the national anthem Sunday told The Charlotte Observer that "I come from humble beginnings and I believe in humble protesting."
Kirk Price, a NASCAR technical inspector, took a knee and raised his right fist during the invocation before Sunday's Cup race at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Price, who told the Observer that he served on active duty for three years in the U.S. Army, remained kneeling while saluting the flag during the National Anthem.
"I wasn't thinking about anybody else," Price told the Observer. "I'm 49 years old and I've already witnessed things through what's going on in the world as we speak.
"I could only think about 'What can I do to make the world a better place?' To where this gets out to where people can understand."
Price's action was among many before Sunday's race by NASCAR addressing social injustice.
Bubba Wallace wears a "I Can't Breathe, Black Lives Matter" shirt before Sunday's race at Atlanta Motor Speedway. (AP Photo/Brynn Anderson)
Bubba Wallace wore a T-shirt that read "I can't breathe" and "Black Lives Matter" over his racing uniform before the race. "I can't breathe" were the last words of George Floyd, who died on Memorial Day after a former Minneapolis police officer pinned him down by placing a knee on the back of Floyd's neck for nearly nine minutes.
NASCAR drivers came together this week to make a video that condemns racial inequality and racism. As part of the video, which was released before Sunday's race, drivers said: "All of our voices, they make a difference. No matter how big or how small, it is all of our responsibility to no longer be silent."
Series officials stopped the field on the frontstretch before the race and NASCAR President Steve Phelps read a message that included: "The time is now to listen, to understand and to stand against racism and racial injustice. We ask our drivers, our competitors and all our fans to join us in this mission."
After Phelps spoke, a moment of silence was observed.
After the race, Ryan Blaney said he had attended peaceful protests this past week.
"That's just something that you want to get involved with and support your fellow human being," Blaney said. "We all have to treat each other equally. It kind of disgusts me when the race thing comes up and people hate a person for being a different pigment and not judging them by their character."


Somehow, next weekend is EASTER, despite that fact that I'm pretty sure Christmas was only a few weeks ago… right?
With Easter inevitably comes a lot of egg or bunny-shaped chocolate, wrapped in shiny foil. While I do have a weak spot for certain shiny-wrapped egg-shaped chocolate (as not-so-subtly hinted last Easter), most conventionally made chocolate is filled with a lot of junk – additives and preservatives, artificial flavourings and a TON of sugar. Traditionally, chocolate is made by roasting and fermenting cacao beans which are then ground, sweetened, and tempered to make chocolate. In addition to this, the chocolate that we buy in the supermarket usually has milk solids and/or condensed milk added to make "dairy milk" chocolate.
I decided this year to try my hand at making some homemade raw chocolate for Easter, which is made with raw cacao butter and cacao powder, and then sweetened and flavoured to your liking. Raw chocolate products – ie the cacao butter and powder – are either cold-pressed or naturally-dried as opposed to the traditional process which heats the beans to very high temperatures thus losing some of the nutrients which occur naturally within the cacao beans. This means that raw chocolate products not only contain more nutrients, but they are also higher in antioxidants AND contain so called "bliss chemicals" (aka anandamide and phenylethylamine) which have been shown can help in lifting mood and making you feel generally happy – so eating this chocolate will literally make you happy whichever way you look at it!
Raw chocolate is a both a little easier to work with but also a little more difficult than using conventional chocolate. Confused? Let me explain further – conventional chocolate that you melt down yourself can be a little fussy; overheat it and you'll ruin it beyond repair! That said, if you get it right, it's thick and glossy texture makes it perfect for lining Easter egg moulds, whereas raw chocolate is extremely thin and runny and if you want to coat an Easter egg mould to create a hollow egg, it will take a lot of patience and about 38 layers of chocolate. I found that out the hard way… If however all you fancy is a solid little eggy that's far healthier than it's conventional cousin, then you are going to LOVE raw chocolate! The taste is a little richer than what you may be used too, but this means that you'll be satisfied after only a few, rather than being able to eat a million of them and not stopping until you feel sick (I also speak from experience here sadly). If you aren't a huge fan of dark chocolate, then I suggest you try the coconut milk version below, it's a little creamier and sweeter than the first method, making it a little more palatable.
To keep the chocolate "raw", make sure you heat it over the lowest possible heat, and as soon as its melted turn the hotplate off. I used a candy thermometer to make sure it didn't go above 46 and managed to keep it well below. Alternatively, you could use a double boiler instead, however if you go this way just make sure that you don't get any water in the mixture as it will spoil it. Likewise, make sure you use a metal spoon or whisk to stir the chocolate mixture as wooden utensils can hold water in them which can then seep into the chocolate.
As with regular store-bought chocolate, there are endless options for what you can do with this. Add shredded coconut, chopped nuts, dried fruit, puffed wholegrain cereal – or get really creative and try something a little left-field – like some spices or some crushed herbs.
And lastly, a note on the moulds – I looked everywhere I could think of to find some standard egg-shaped moulds, but after being told "we don't have any egg shapes sorry, how about a cute bunny?" a dozen or so times, I finally resorted to online shopping (sorry cute bunnies!) Amazon have a few or for those in Australia I bought mine here.
Add all ingredients for whichever chocolate you choose to make into a small sauce pan over the lowest possible heat. Stir with a metal spoon until all melted together and smooth.
Remove from heat and pour into moulds, reserving a few tablespoons of the mixture.
Set in the freezer at least 20 minutes.
Once completely set, remove from the freezer and heat the leftover chocolate again over low heat. Using a brush, paint a small amount of chocolate over the flat side of an egg half, and then stick to the flat side of another egg half. Continue this process until all egg halfs are combined and you have a set of whole eggs. Place back in the freezer to set, and then store in the fridge.
The dark chocolate version is my favorite - though it's very "dark" and bordering on bitter. If you prefer a sweeter style chocolate, add a little extra sweetener, or try the coconut cream version instead.
Make sure you also check out my Salted Caramel Easter egg recipe!
What fun project. Making chocolate couldn't be easier or more satisfying, but I haven't taken it that step further to making chocolate eggs. I'm a fan of the intensely rich dark chocolate but I'm really loving the coconut cream in your second recipe! And yes, these last 3 months have flown by for me too.
I used to love easter eggs so much as a kid and growing up. It would not be bad to eat a whole one in a row with the two chocolate bars and not feel sick ha! I can't imagine even eating any of the conventional ones now – they are so sweet and taste so artificial!
These eggs are my kind of eggs now :) – I love a bit of raw chocolate – especially when it is home made. So much better for you and you still get a nice treat.


According to the most recent demographics data available from the Census Bureau released in December of 2018, Figure 1 Massachusetts shows it has 6,789,320 population which is the highest of all statesin the area. Figure 3 compares the population change from 2010 to 2017 and we can see the state of shows an increase of 241,691 (4%).
The population percent change for all areas for 2010 to 2017 is shown in Figure 4 and for the state of shows it has 3.7% Population Change which is more than all other statesin the area.
Looking at population density in Figure 5 the state of reveals it has 870 population density which is the 2nd most of all the states in the area. The state with the highest population density in the group is Rhode Island with a population density of 1,022 is 17.4% larger. Figure 6 shows the median age of the people and the state of shows it has 39.4 overall median age of all people which is the 2nd smallest overall median age of all people of all the other states in the area. The state with the highest overall median age of all people in the group is Maine with an age of 44.3 is 12.4% larger. Comparing the median age of men versus women in Figure 7 we find that Massachusetts reveals median age of men compares as about 7.9% smaller than median age of women.
Figure 9 shows the breakdown of racial groups in the area and Massachusetts has the largest proportion of people who are Asian at 6.3% of the total and is ranked #1. Figure 10 shows the Hispanic or Latino population of the area with the state of indicates it has 11.2% people who are Hispanic or Latino which is the 3d most of all other states in the area. Figure 11 is the ratio of the population of men to women and shows total male population is about 6.1% smaller than total female population.
Figure 14 is the average size of a typical family. the state of indicates it has 3.2 average family size which is the 2nd most of all the states in the area. The state with the highest average family size in the group is Connecticut with a size of 3.2 compares as about the same size.
Figure 15 shows the ratio of families to total households and that the state of shows it has 64% percent of people who are in a family which is the 3d most of all other states in the area. The state with the highest percent of people who are in a family in the group is New Hampshire with a percent of 67% is only about 4.5% larger.
Looking at husband and wife headed families as a percent of all families in Figure 16, the state of illustrates it has 74% percent of people in a husband and wife family which is less than most other states in the area. The state with the highest percent of people in a husband and wife family in the group is New Hampshire with a percent of 79% is 7.1% larger.
The next section of charts look at mothers and baby births over the last 12 months. Figure 18 shows the rate of women aged 15 to 50 years old who have given birth. Massachusetts shows it has 4.6% percent of women who gave birth which is in the mid range of other states in the area. The state with the highest percent of women who gave birth in the group is New Hampshire with a birth rate of 5.1% is 10.1% larger. In Figure 20, the teenager birth rate is shown (women between the ages of 15 and 19.) the state of illustrates it has 2% teenager birth rate which is the 2nd smallest teenager birth rate of all the other states in the area. The state with the highest teenager birth rate in the group is Rhode Island with a percent of births to teen ager of 4% measures about twice as large. In Figure 21 the percentage is shown of all births in the last 12 months were the mothers were unmarried. Massachusetts indicates it has 31% percent of unwed women who have given birth which is less than most other states in the area. The state with the highest percent of unwed women who have given birth in the group is Rhode Island with an unwed mother birth rate of 42% measures 36.8% larger. The next Figure 22 shows the percent of unwed mothers who are on public assistance. Massachusetts illustrates it has 1.9% percent of unwed women who have given birth and are on public assistance which is in the center of other states in the area. The state with the highest percent of unwed women who have given birth and are on public assistance in the group is Vermont with a percent of unwed women who have gave birth and are on public assistance of 3.3% measures 77.1% larger. Figure 25 shows the comparative rate of unwed mothers who have given birth in the last 12 months are broken down by racial group. Massachusetts has Black unwed birth rate the 3d most of all other states in the area at 49.1% of the total and is ranked in the middle of the group. Second, it has Hispanic unwed birth rate in the mid point of other states in the area at 50.7% of the total and is ranked 3d last in the group. Also, it has the largest proportion of Native Hawaiian unwed birth rate at 11.6% of the total and is ranked #1.
For all citizens, Figure 27 breaks down the original place of birth has percent of unwed mothers with less than high school education the 3d most of all other states in the area at 17% of the total and is ranked in the middle of the group.
Figure 28 compares the total single people in each area. Massachusetts illustrates it has 52% percent of people who are single for any reason which is the 2nd most of all the states in the area. The state with the highest percent of people who are single for any reason in the group is Rhode Island with a percent single of 53% is only about 3.2% larger.
Figure 30 compares the single people in each area broken down by never married, divorced, and widowed. Massachusetts shows it has 37% percent of people never married which is the largest of all statesin the area. Figure 31 shows the single men in each area. Massachusetts shows it has 39% percent of men who have never been married which is the largest of all statesin the area. Figure 32 shows the single women in each area. Massachusetts has the largest proportion of percent of women who have never been married at 34% of the total and is ranked #1.
Figure 33 shows the single men between the age of 18 and 65, in each area, broken down by age group. Massachusetts has the largest proportion of percent of Single Men 25 to 29 at 18% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the largest proportion of percent of Single Men 30 to 34 at 11% of the total and is ranked #1.
Figure 34 shows the single women between the age of 18 and 65, in each area, broken down by age group. Massachusetts has the largest proportion of percent of Single women 25 to 29 at 16% of the total and is ranked #1.
The next section of charts detail information about citizenship. Figure 35 shows a high level view of citizenship. Massachusetts has the largest proportion of percent of citizens by naturalization at 9% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the largest proportion of percent of non-citizens at 8% of the total and is ranked #1. For all citizens, Figure 36 breaks down the original place of birth and it has the largest proportion of percent of people born in the same state they currently live at 73% of the total and is ranked #1.
In Figure 37, the percentage of the population who was not born in the United States is shown (i.e. Percent Foreign Born.) Massachusetts illustrates it has 16.2% percent of population who was born in another country which is more than all other statesin the area. Figure 40 shows the median age of non citizens and it has 36.0 median age of non citizens which is less than most other states in the area. The state with the highest median age of non citizens in the group is Maine with a median age of 37.9 is only about 5.3% larger.
Figure 45 is a table that breaks out all the foreign born people by where they were born. Massachusetts has the largest proportion of percent foreign born in Asia-East at 11.9% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has percent foreign born in Americas-Caribbean the 3d most of all other states in the area at 16.1% of the total and is ranked in the middle of the group.


text:
id: 423
title: Come ridurre la dimensione dei file sul tuo sito web
date: 2015-01-27T07:30:11+00:00
author: Antonio Lanzolla
layout: post
guid: http://www.antoniolanzolla.com/?p=423
permalink: /ridurre-dimensione-file-su-sito-web/
wp_review_location:
  - top
wp_review_desc_title:
  - Riassunto
wp_review_color:
  - '#FFCA00'
wp_review_fontcolor:
  - '#fff'
wp_review_bgcolor1:
  - '#151515'
wp_review_bgcolor2:
  - '#151515'
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dsq_thread_id:
  - 3457849714
twitter-text:
  - Come risparmiare sulla bolletta della banda del tuo sito web
twitter-hashtag:
  - '#webperf #webprf #seo #wpo'
categories:
  - WPO
tags:
  - web optimizzation
  - webperf
  - webprf
  - wpo
---
Nel precedente post ti ho mostrato come riducendo il numero di chiamate al server puoi ottimizzare i tempi di caricamento del tuo sito.

In questo post è arrivato il momento di capire come, puoi ottenere, comprimendo la dimensione dei file, ottimi risultati.

Ridurre la dimensione dei file ti aiuterà ad avere un sito con tempi di caricamento migliori, ma anche, ti farà risparmiare sulla fattura della banda.

Hai tre armi per ottimizzare la dimensione dei file:

  1. La compressione **GZIP**
  2. La compressione dei file che metti a disposizione per il download.
  3. La minificazione di file CSS e JavaScript (Di questo te ne parlerò nel prossimo post)

## Compressione GZIP

Il modo più semplice e più efficace che hai per ottimizzare i tempi di caricamento è quello di attivare la compressione **GZIP** sul tuo _server web_.

Attivare la compressione **GZIP** ti permetterà, senza aggiungere nessuno sforzo nello sviluppo del sito, di migliorare i tempi del tuo sito. Ti basterà semplicemente attivarlo, modificando la configurazione del tuo _server web_.

Ti assicuro che resterai stupito dai risultati che puoi ottenere da questa semplice operazione.

Agli inizi della costruzione del portale _Netflix_ si sono accorti che sui loro server **GZIP** non era attivo

Puoi vedere, nel grafico sotto, come dell’attivazione di **GZIP** sui server sono riusciti a dimezzare la banda permettendogli di rendere il sito veloce e riducendo del 70% le spese della banda.

[](http://www.antoniolanzolla.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/netflix-fs8.png)

### Qualcosa su GZIP!

  1. In media puoi avere un file ridotto del 70% utilizzando la compressione **GZIP**.
  2. L’ attivazione di **GZIP** aggiunge un piccolo costo computazionale sia sul server che deve comprimerlo che sul client che deve decomprimerlo.
  3. **GZIP** funziona su tutti i browser moderni.

_Come verifico se è già attivo sul mio server?_

Per verificare se sul tuo _server web_ è attivo **GZIP** puoi utilizzare gli strumenti che ti ho suggerito nel post [Ottimizza i tempi di caricamento del tuo sito](http://www.antoniolanzolla.com/ottimizza-i-tempi-di-caricamento-del-tuo-sito/ "Ottimizza i tempi di caricamento del tuo sito"), quindi GTMetrix o PageSpeed Insights entrambi hanno una regola che ti segnalerà se la compressione **GZIP** non è attiva.

_Quali tipi di file puoi comprimere con GZIP?_

Tutti i file non binari:

  * JavaScript
  * CSS
  * Testo
  * HTML, XML, SVG
  * Risposte JSON

Puoi anche comprimere file @font come EOT, TTF, OTF l’unico formato font che non è possibile comprimere è WOFF. In media un file font compresso con **GZIP** è più piccolo del 60% a differenza del file originale.

### Come attivare la compressione GZIP su Apache

Per attivare la compressione **GZIP** ti basta modificare la configurazione del tuo _server web_.

Se ti trovi nella condizione di aver acquistato un hosting e non hai il pieno controllo delle impostazioni del _server web_ la maggior parte degli hosting provider ti darà la possibilità di attivare **GZIP** attraverso la modifica  del file _.htaccess_.

Se il tuo hosting provider non ti permette di attivare questa impostazione l’unico consiglio che posso darti è quello di cambiarlo.

Quindi ti basterà aggiungere al file _.htaccess_ questa parte di configurazione

<ifModule mod_gzip.c>
mod_gzip_on Yes
mod_gzip_dechunk Yes
mod_gzip_item_include file .(html?|txt|css|js|php|pl)$
mod_gzip_item_include handler ^cgi-script$
mod_gzip_item_include mime ^text/.*
mod_gzip_item_include mime ^application/x-javascript.*
mod_gzip_item_exclude mime ^image/.*
mod_gzip_item_exclude rspheader ^Content-Encoding:.*gzip.*
</ifModule>

Così sarà attiva la compressione **GZIP** sul tuo _server web_

## Rezip

Non è possibile comprimere attraverso **GZIP** i file binari che metti a disposizione per il download ai tuoi utenti, in molti casi questi sono file sono già compressi sotto mentite spoglie.

Ti faccio qualche esempio:

  1. Documenti Ms Office DOCX, XLSX, PPTX
  2. Documenti Open Office o Libre Office ODT, ODP, ODS
  3. JAR
  4. Estensioni per Firefox XPI
  5. Applicazioni Silverlight XAP
  6. Ecc…

Questi file sono solitamente file compressi ma in incognito. Però, la loro compressione non è ottimale. Se hai sul tuo sito download di questi file ti consiglio di effettuare una compressione migliore.

Puoi ridurre, migliorando la compressione, la dimensione dei file tra l’_1%_ e il _30%_. Se hai l’accortezza di comprimerli, avrai con una semplice operazione, eseguita una sola volta,  benefici per tutti i tuoi utenti che scaricheranno quei file.

## Traffico non compresso

Può succede, su siti con un alto volume di traffico e utenza, che una grande parte del traffico, si stima circa il _15%_, anche se attivo **GZIP** sul tuo _server web_, venga comunque inviato non compressa. Questo succede perché alcuni _Proxy, Firewall e Antivirus_ “intrufolandosi” tra la scheda di rete e la connessione del Browser modificando l’intestazione _Accept-Encoding (che è quella che indica al server che il client accetta contenuto compresso)_. Questa intestazione viene modificata, da questi software, con valori non validi, quindi il _server web_ decide di non comprimere il file per assicurarsi che il client lo possa leggere.

Purtroppo questo comportamento lede sia gli utenti che la banda del tuo Server.

C’è un modo per rimediare, almeno in parte, a questo comportamento. Ed è nell’assicurarsi che, una parte dei contenuti, venga comunque inviata in forma compressa. Nel **prossimo post** ti illustrerò come puoi comprimere questi file attraverso la _minificazione_ e _l’offuscamento_ di CSS e JavaScript.

## Conclusioni

Hai visto come attraverso l’attivazione di un’impostazione sul tuo _server web_ puoi ridurre la dimensione di alcuni file, questo ti permetterà di ridurre i tempo di download per gli utenti che visiteranno il tuo sito ma anche, di risparmiare banda sul tuo _server web_.

Queste piccole tecniche ti permetteranno di avere un sito ottimizzato e quindi più veloce nel suo caricamento e ti porteranno anche a ridurre la fattura che paghi per la banda del tuo sito.

Cosa ne pensi di queste tecniche che ti ho indicato? Hai altri consigli per ottimizzare i tempi di caricamento? Fammelo sapere nei commenti.

Se questo post ti è stato utile condividilo sui social.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


FRANKLINTON is located in FRANKLIN county, North Carolina at latitude 36.102635 and longitude -78.453157 with an elevation of 440 feet. The population of FRANKLINTON is 1,899 as of the year 2005 with a population growth of 8.83% from the year 2000 through 2005. The most common zip code of FRANKLINTON is 27525.