As a service to English speaking scholars who rely on the research resources of the Vatican, The Vatican Archives project of the University of Michigan over a period of 20 years (1984-2004) has worked to integrate in a single information structure basic series level information on the holdings not only of the Archivo Segreto Vaticano, but also the holdings of the archives of the Propaganda Fide, the Fabbrica di San Pietro, the Archivio de Stato di Roma (Papal States period), the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. The project also consulted other repositories such as Trinity College (Dublin) and the Archives Nationales (Paris) that for historical reasons have important Vatican archival material.
The principal result of the project was, Vatican Archives, An Inventory and Guide to Historical Documents of the Holy See by Blouin, Coombs, Claudia Carlen, Elizabeth Yakel, and Katherine Gill, published by Oxford University Press in 1998. As well, approximately 1500 series description records were entered into RLIN, the bibliographic database of the Research Libraries Group.


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Home Central Asia #Hashtag activism: youth, social media and politics in Kazakhstan
#Hashtag activism: youth, social media and politics in Kazakhstan
Instagram influencer Madina Mussina. Source Madina Mussina [@devochkakolbasa] Instagram profile.
The growing popularity of the content created by young bloggers in Kazakhstan implies that coverage of political and socio-economic issues is beginning to sell.
Daniyar Kosnazarov
Social media platforms act as safe spaces with less censorship and government control, giving young activists a unique opportunity to share their political views and interact with their audiences without any mediators. The topics they cover, ranging from urban transportation to corruption and environment, show that creators and audience alike are concerned with national and city-level problems.
A cartoon on the events in in the Kazakh city of Karaganda, where a 23-year-old Kazakh man was killed in a fight at the Ancient Rome cafe. Source Facebook page of Le Shapalaque
Youth and Social Media
According to 2018 figures, citizens aged 14-29 comprise one-fifth of Kazakhstan's population (21.5 percent or 3.9 million people). While 43 percent of youth live in rural areas, there is continuous migration to cities, stimulated by the desire to find a decent job and take advantage of urban leisure and consumption infrastructure. Socio-economic problems as the low quality of local education, expensive housing, and unemployment push youth to migrate and seek better opportunities.
Millennials and post-millennials can hardly name any official and civic initiatives that target youth.
These problems, according to the director of the Youth Information Service of Kazakhstan, Irina Mednikova, translate into a lack of motivation, political passivity, and paternalism.[iv] Millennials and post-millennials can hardly name any official and civic initiatives that target youth. Even if they have learned about key government strategies, such as "Kazakhstan-2030," in school or university, they do not consider politicians "role models."High-ranking officials, in particular, are widely perceived to be corrupt. Although young people are much happier and more optimistic than adults, they are also concerned with rising food prices, university fees, expensive rent prices, and low salaries. These issues might push young men and women in big cities, particularly in the capital, Astana, to participate in mass protests once they become adults and have more responsibilities. Nevertheless, the nationwide results of a Public Opinion Institute and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung survey shows that so far young Kazakh citizens are not interested in taking part in civic initiatives or engaging in politics.
But, compared to their parents, who were born and socialized during the Soviet Union, Kazakh millennials and post-millennials have had greater opportunities to study, travel, and express themselves on social media through art, fiction, or music. Although the state and elites continue to exert strong power over many economic sectors, the younger generations are being raised in a comparatively free country. The high level of Internet penetration, availability of inexpensive smartphones and PCs, and wide variety of social media platforms present vast opportunities to consume global content and interact with locals and foreigners alike.
Kazakh millennials and post-millennials spend a great deal of time online. In this, they are not entirely different from older generations: all in all, 70 percent of the population is now using various social media platforms to chat, share opinions, post photos, or watch videos. The difference is which social media these different generations use: young people aged 18-29 are much more active on vKontakte and Instagram, while their elders prefer MoiMir, Odnoklassniki, and Facebook.
Social media provides one of the few social mobility opportunities available to young people. Given that these creative men and women became popular for their entertaining videos, one might assume that young followers are not interested in consuming political content, but they are in fact not apathetic about what is going on in Kazakhstan.
Young activists on social media
In this article, I look at young activists that use different social media platforms to practice civic activism and increase their followers' awareness of many political issues in Kazakhstan. Although these content creators and influencers are millennials, a substantial share of their subscribers are post-millennials.
Za Nami Uzhe Vyekhali
Two former journalists, Dmitry Dubovitsky (age 29) and Dmitry Khegai (age 30), decided to launch this YouTube channel in August 2017. Although the first six months were in beta testing mode, their vlogs on contemporary political issues have started to attract the attention of adult viewers, turning these ex-journalists into one of the most popular content-creators in the Kazakhstani blogosphere. Today, they have more than 104,000 subscribers, the vast majority of whom are 18 or older.
The topics of the most popular videos are the possibility of early presidential elections, the bankruptcy of local banks, the illegal behavior of rich kids, the resignation of Nazarbayev's closest affiliates, the tragic killing of figure skater Denis Ten, security sector reforms, the scenario of Russian secession, etc. By talking about these critical issues, they hope to awaken civic consciousnes.
While declining to frame themselves as political activists, the founders of the channel embrace civic activism. They want ordinary citizens to understand that each political development, from an increase in gasoline prices to the ratification of the Caspian Sea agreement, directly affects their lives. In this respect, the project is driven by a desire to foster individuals' involvement and interest in political issues. However, they do not agitate people to go into the streets and organize mass demon
An art performance by Anvar Musrepov and Nazira Karimova. Source Anvar Musrepov [@anvarmusrepov] Instagram profile.
strations. The founders affirm that they are not going to join any oppositional forces and do not see any of them as constructive movements.
Murat Daniyar, a 22-year-old Russian-speaking blogger from Almaty, uploaded his first video to YouTube in September 2017. Since then, he has produced 37 videos, prompting 20,925 users to subscribe to his channel, "Jurttyn Balasy" (Other People's Child). Eighty percent of subscribers are men aged 18-34, mostly from Almaty. Murat does everything alone: he writes scenarios, films footage, and edits.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIlLaUQtcaabbw9-uQysRjw
Murat prioritizes YouTube over other platforms because Instagram is full of "Viners,"people who produce short, fun videos and do not push people to think about social problems. According to him, if one can generate interesting content on YouTube, one easily increases one's number of followers. Murat describes Kazakhstan's blogging sphere as sterile and argues that many public figures, particularly famous Viners, are deliberately staying silent on social and political problems. He urges these celebrities to publicly voice political opinions, since millions of young citizens are paying close attention to what they do. He says that it is not a crime to be civically engaged and explicitly opine about the wrongdoings of national or local governing bodies.In his 5-10-minute-long blogs Murat talks about controversial issues and critically examines many sins of contemporary Kazakh society.
His videos are dedicated to the hottest issues, including the renaming of one of the central streets of Almaty to Nazarbayev Avenue, the latinization of the Kazakh alphabet, and public hearings on the construction of a new ski resort in the Kok Zhailau valley. Murat is also critical of some Soviet-style practices that persist in today's Kazakhstan. Many university students are, for instance, forced to attend official political celebrations as "extras." The blogger blames city administrations for this and treats the Kok Zhailau case as evidence of a confrontation between civil society and the authorities. He thinks officials should stop treating citizens as mindless "sheeple," since times have changed and the Soviet Union no longer exists.
Accordingly, the main goal of "Jurttyn balasy" is to raise awareness among young citizens and increase their interest in politics. Although Murat hesitates to call himself a political blogger, he acknowledges that with each passing day the number of videos on his channel about political issues increases.
Launched in March 2017 by several enthusiasts from Astana in their early twenties, Le Shapalaque produces comics and satirical illustrations. Its popular topics include corruption, power relations between the younger generation and their elders in the family and work, the differences between the former capital (Almaty) and the current one (Astana), traditions, popular culture, and everyday practices of ordinary citizens.
With 20,700 followers on Instagram, the Le Shapalaque team argues that social media helps them communicate directly with readers and reach them faster than classical media outlets, including newspapers and television. It is less visible on other social media, with only 1,486 followers on VKontakte, and even fewer on Facebook and Telegram. Half of consumers of Le Shapalaque comics are aged 18-24; they are university students or recent graduates from Almaty, Astana, Shymkent and Karaganda. Just over half are women. According to the creators of the comics, this particular audience prefers Instagram because it is old enough to have left vKontakte, but still too young to be active on Facebook.
While regarding themselves as artists, the goal of the creators of Le Shapalaque is to push people to think critically. For them, it is a political project, but they are hesitant to consider it a form of political activism. When asked about means of engaging in politics, they somewhat sarcastically responded that one needs to be a member of the ruling political party, Nur Otan, hinting that opportunities are scarce for young creative people like them. They have never participated in any political campaigns and contend that politics needs to be fixed.
Also see video: https://youtu.be/dkoqFtHXS_4?t=10
The authorities turn a blind eye to many socio-economic and political problems. Le Shapalaque comics try to create a bond with ordinary citizens by demonstrating that someone else does care about these issues. According to Le Shapalaque founder Adil Zakenov, humor is often the only tool that can help people tackle the world's toughest challenges.[xv] One of their comics, for instance, describes the career ladder of state employees: first give bribes to access power, then take bribes once in power (see Figure 7). Aware of the legal risks in a country like Kazakhstan, the team members consult with lawyers before publishing some of their works on social media.
#SaveKokZhailau
Environmental issues are becoming a crucial element of youth mobilization. The new generation of activists and influencers is, for instance, calling on social media users to sign a petition against the construction of a ski resort in the mountainous Kok Zhailau area of Almaty that has been lobbied for by local authorities. While activists of different ages and backgrounds are united against this expensive initiative, the engagement of the #SaveKokZhailau team could be seen as a turning point. Their publications on Instagram helped to collect over 33,000 signatures after the online petition was launched at the beginning of November 2018. Although the final decision has not yet been made, local authorities have been forced to use different tactics to accommodate these protests. In early December, Almaty mayor Baurzhan Baybek said that the authorities had taken into consideration all critical remarks and suggestions coming from civil society and had decided to make certain changes, such as decreasing the area of deforestation.
Responding to some of the skeptics, art-activist Suinbike Suleimenova (age 25) argues that the Instagram hype around Kok Zhailau is "returning voices, rights, and freedom to the people," as many citizens are fed up with being silent. Instagram is a "virtual square" that allows people to gather, rise up, and talk about important things.[xvii]
Madina Mussina, an Instagram influencer, invites her 72,100 followers to share posts about "Save Kok Zhailau." According to Mussina, times have changed: applying Soviet-era style methods of scaremongering and treating people as a "herd of sheep" no longer works. In the era of digital technology, social media, and a diversity of information sources, there is a need for an open and sincere dialogue between society and rulers.
Mussina calls herself a citizen with soul, feeling, and opinion. She does not want to be afraid of sharing her point of view, since she is "not agitating for violence, drug abuse and murder, but for preserving nature." What she cares about is protecting the environment and preventing the implementation of the "crazy ideas of fat men with a lot of money." She criticizes celebrities and so-called "opinion leaders" for abstaining from sharing their own views on Kok Zhailau. Mussina argues that there is no need to organize or attend street protests, since social media can help pressure the authorities with no more than a click.
Following Madina Mussina, 30-year-old actress and Instagram influencer Aisulu Azimbayeva (96,600 subscribers) has at least once urged her followers to assert themselves and defend Kok Zhailau against "rich men who do not care about the people."
To complement this Instagram activism, young artists Anvar Musrepov and Nazira Karimova staged a performance near the Embassy of Kazakhstan in Vienna at the beginning of November 2018. They protested against the ski resort by organizing a "luminiscent picket."
On his Instagram account, Musrepov explained that the government of Kazakhstan has never considered the opinion of ordinary citizens and only cares about its international image.
In November 2018, a group of Kazakh students gathered in Times Square to raise global awareness about Kok Zhailau and show solidarity with their fellows in Kazakhstan. To be heard and to avoid being sentenced for protesting by Kazakhstan's law enforcement agencies, young activists choose foreign cities, such as Vienna or New York, for their street actions.
Even as the Kazakh authorities are refashioning the content of state-owned TV channels, using social media, and appointing younger bureaucrats to the ministries and agencies that curate so-called "ideological work," millennials' and post-millennials' lack of trust in official institutions persists. The political indifference of young citizens is driven by fear of organizing and attending mass demonstrations, as well as by a lack of faith that the government will listen to their claims.
Even if the Kazakhstani youth is largely apolitical, their very ignorance and lack of respect for the authorities is, in essence, an unconscious political attitude that limits the impact of state propaganda. On the eve of a presidential transition, Akorda authorities are faced with the serious challenge of finding a common language with the country's youth, which seems to be slowly entering a new era of at least partial civic activism.
Daniyar Kosnazarov was a visiting fellow at The George Washington University. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of Steppe, an independent digital media outlet in Kazakhstan. He has experience both in the government and in private think tanks in Kazakhstan, and previously worked as Chair of the Department of Strategic Analysis at Narxoz University, evaluating strategy implementation.
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The S231 is Giuliano's Superautomatic tyre changer designed for the tyre specialist, particularly suggested for oversize and racing tyres and. It is suitable for car and motorcycle wheels having rim size from 12" to 26" (max. diameter 1200 mm. / 47" - max. wheel width 410 mm. / 16"). Equipped with turntable double-speed bidirectional rotation system with hand switch control.
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We would also recommend the fitting of Giuliano's patented interchangeable head system, this system enables quick transition between a steel mounting head for steel or damaged alloy wheels, to a nylon head for alloy wheels. A nylon mounting head ensures the least amount of risk of damage to alloy wheels.


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Thug, 25, killed man with one punch after getting into a row outside Iceland store
Sonny Hazell knocked a complete stranger to the pavement, causing devastating head injuries. Having been found guilty of manslaughter Hazell will return to court next month for sentencing
Michael MoranAudience Writer
Hazell will return to court for sentencing on January 8 (Image: Essex Police)
A 25-year-old man has been found guilty of manslaughter after killing a complete stranger "with one punch" during a street argument.
Chelmsford Crown Court heard how Daryl Bunn, 27, met up with a friend on the afternoon of 29 June, 2019 to discuss their speeches for another friend's upcoming wedding.
A little after 8pm, as he left the pub, Daryl became involved in an argument with a group of people outside an Iceland store.
A scuffle ensued and Sonny Hazell hit him, knocking him to fall backwards to the pavement.
Daryl, who was was engaged to be married, suffered devastating head injuries and despite being rushed to Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, sadly died.
The court heard that Daryl did nothing to instigate or provoke the incident (Image: Essex Chronicle)
Daryl's friend was also assaulted during the altercation, and sustained a broken jaw.
Hazell, of Southminster in Essex, was charged with manslaughter and causing grievous bodily harm with intent.
Jordan Hooper, 24, of Southminster, was charged with causing grievous bodily harm with intent.
They denied the charges.
On Monday 30 November, a jury found Hazell guilty of manslaughter.
He is due to be sentenced on 8 January, 2021.
Drunk woman kicked police officer in the testicles and told him to 'f**k off'
Raging drunk mum spits into police officer's mouth during street brawl arrest
Both Hazell and Hooper were acquitted of causing grievous bodily harm in relation to Daryl's friend.
Senior investigating officer Detective Chief Inspector Lee Morton, of the Kent and Essex Serious Crime Directorate, said: "This is a tragic case where someone has lost their life through no fault of their own following an altercation and a fight.
"The case shows that any act of violence can lead to someone being seriously injured and even killed.
"Daryl Bunn's death was needless and completely avoidable, and his family and fiancée have been left devastated.
"They have been in court throughout the trial and heard how Daryl did nothing to instigate or provoke the incident that led to him losing his life.
"They have remained dignified throughout this incredibly difficult time and I want to thank them for their support throughout our investigation and the court case."
At the time of Daryl's death his family released a statement paying tribute to him.
It read: "Daryl, our much-loved son, brother, uncle and fiancé , who was taken too soon.
"Everyone who knew him would say what a lovely, beautiful soul he had inside and out, with a heart of gold and he will be truly missed.
"We are totally heart broken by the news and ask that everyone respects our privacy at this time."


It's the final day of the March Madness challenge, the last chance to rise from tasting obscurity and claim this year's championship title. Also, there's a prize… we haven't discussed it at a meeting yet, but I would assume a $20 gift certificate to BevMo or Wine House would be appropriate, payable from the Young Winos donation fund. We'll discuss this particular point on Tuesday before the tasting begins, so anyone there at the beginning of the meeting can have a say in the prize selection.
The final week is an entirely blind tasting consisting of the three reds (Syrah, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon) that we tasted over the past month and a half. Players arrive with their wine in a neutral brown paper bag. If the bag has markings, it will be switched with another bag to prevent cheating. The brown paper bags will then be surrounded by a second plastic grocery bag — this will prevent detection of the shape of the bottle by tasters, as such a clue could be very useful in determining the varietal. Once all the bottles are accumulated, they will be randomly poured by young winos in no pre-set order. This means that players will not know when the wine that they brought is being poured. Players will write down their guesses on the back of a piece of Jesse's screenplay and submit them; the bottle will then be revealed, and points tallied.
Scoring: One point is awarded for guessing the correct varietal; no points deducted for incorrect guess. Depending on how many people show up, a player could conceivably accumulate ten or twenty points in one meeting. Here's the twist: if a player wishes to guess the region in which the wine was made, they are free to do so. Correct guess results in one extra point (i.e. a correct guess of "Syrah from California" gets two points). An incorrect region guess, however, results in the deduction of one-half point when paired with a correct varietal guess (i.e. if it's Syrah from California, and you guess Syrah from France, you receive only a half-point for your correct varietal guess).
Be bold! Pick a wine from Europe to add some degree of challenge to the meeting. It'll probably help you, also, because if we're tasting majority California wines, and then a distinctly European one comes along, you're gonna be like, "ah ha, maybe that's mine," and then you can take specious guesses which backfire and make you lose all kinds of points, a strategy with which I'm very familiar.
We'll be meeting at Theresa and Joe's new place on the Miracle Mile. Wrap your red in a brown paper bag, put on your tasting glasses, and bring your A-game. It doesn't get any bigger than this. See you on Tuesday at 9 PM.


There aren't many elms on most streets named "Elm Street" anymore. With its majestic arching branches, American elm (Ulmus americana) is an iconic tree species native across Eastern North America. It was once a favorite ornamental shade tree planted along main streets and university campuses. However, due to Dutch Elm Disease (caused by a fungus from Asia introduced to the US in 1928) and Elms yellows (caused by a bacterial pathogen), many populations of American elm are no longer. The mall at Penn State is defined by its beautiful elms, many of which are succumbing to these diseases. This particularly iconic tree near Penn State's Old Main had to be removed a few years ago due to Elm yellows.
This specimen of American elm was collected by Adolph Koenig on this day in 1893 in Springdale, Pennsylvania (the birthplace of environmentalist Rachel Carson). This specimen here has flowered, but leaves have not yet emerged. Adolph Koenig (1855-1904) was a Swiss born physician, professor of medicine and botany at the Pittsburgh College of Pharmacy (now the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy). Many of his historic collections are in the Carnegie Museum's herbarium, primarily collected in the Pittsburgh area in the late 1800s.


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A joint report by influential Conservative think tank Policy Exchange, and prominent Liberal Democrat peer Matthew Taylor, has proposed a new planning settlement with local authorities that would include exemptions from Planning Inspectorate jurisdiction.
The report, entitled 'Garden Villages – empowering localism to solve the housing crisis' proposes the exemption as a reward for local authorities that meet local housing need through building new 'Garden Villages'.
Lord Taylor, the author of the report, suggests that such Garden Villages would be 'self-sustaining communities' of between 1,500 and 5,000 homes, built in open countryside. He argues that such development, located away from existing settlements, would be preferred by most residents to new homes built on edge-of-town sites, land which people cherish as 'their views, their open spaces, the places they walk their dogs, and pick blackberries'.
Under Lord Taylor's proposal a 'New Towns Act' would give local authorities powers to designate and purchase land for a Garden Village within their Local Plan, and to assemble a Joint-Venture Delivery Vehicle to build the homes. The Joint-Venture Delivery Vehicle would also ensure that the land value uplift resulting from the successful development of the site was 'ring-fenced, in one way or another, to provide for the new community's internal infrastructure'.
Crucially by designating new Garden Villages local authorities would 'eliminate the threat of 'planning by appeal' around existing communities – removing the right of appeal for development proposals not allocated in the local plan'.
This 'quid-pro-quo' arrangement would allow local authorities to 'fully protect themselves against planning by appeal'.
Of course, these are proposals only, advanced by a think tank not by a government. And yet…
Both Lord Taylor and Policy Exchange have played a formative role in Coalition planning policy to date, with Lord Taylor leading the team that produced the new streamlined planning practice guidance rolled out in 2014. Policy Exchange is close to the Conservative leadership, with the Prime Minister's special adviser on housing planning, Alex Morton, joining No 10 from the think tank in 2013. It is of particular interest to note that Policy Exchange's last major planning paper, 2011's 'More homes: fewer empty buildings', advocated for change-of-use reforms that have since become a major part of Coalition policy, sparking the recent growth in office to residential conversions.
With a second Conservative–Liberal Democrat administration a possibility after May 7th the Garden Village proposals, backed by influential players from both parties, may just form one of the shared policy interests around which a Coalition could coalesce.
One to watch.


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AEI scientist Holger Pletsch awarded one million Euros
Science contact
Dr. Holger J. Pletsch
Research Group Leader
Phone:+49 511 762-17171Fax:+49 511 762-2784
Email:holger.pletsch@...
Dr. Benjamin Knispel
Pressereferent AEI Hannover
Phone:+49 511 762-19104Fax:+49 511 762-17182
Email:benjamin.knispel@...
Mechtild Freiin von Münchhausen
Press Officer of Leibniz Universität Hannover
Phone:+49 511 762-5355
Email:vonmuenchhausen@...
Homepage of Holger Pletsch's Emmy Noether Group
Einstein@Home Homepage
The DFG's Emmy Noether Program
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Home Computers Discover Gamma-ray Pulsars
A black widow's Tango Mortale in gamma-ray light
A pulsar with a tremendous hiccup
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NASA video feature with Holger J. Pletsch
Internationally awarded scientist
After studying physics at the TU Kaiserslautern and at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Holger Pletsch did his doctoral studies at the AEI and obtained a PhD with highest praise from Leibniz Universität Hannover in 2009. His dissertation was awarded two prizes. As youngest PhD student with an excellent degree in 2009, the Max Planck society awarded Holger Pletsch the Dieter-Rampacher Prize. In the same year the Gravitational Wave International Committee (GWIC) awarded him the international GWIC-Thesis Prize for the best dissertation in the field of gravitational-wave astronomy. Since 2013 he has been working as an Independent Research Group Leader at the AEI. In 2013 he was awarded the renowned Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize by the DFG and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
Neutron stars as instruments of fundamental research
Neutron stars provide astronomers with laboratories for testing fundamental physics in extreme conditions. Because of their strong gravitational field they are ideal test beds for Einstein's general theory of relativity. Their high density allows scientists to study matter in conditions not attainable in laboratories on Earth. As remnants of exploded stars they shed light on their unusual "paths of life" and deepen our understanding of stellar evolution. Neutron stars also are considered a promising source for gravitational waves, whose direct detection will usher in a new era of astronomy.
The Emmy Noether program
The aim of the DFG's Emmy Noether program is to give outstanding young researchers the opportunity to swiftly qualify for a leading scientific role, in particular as university teacher. The program combines the self-responsible leadership of a research group and qualification-relevant teaching. The requirements are an excellent research project, a swiftly completed academic training, substantial experience in international research collaborations, and significant publications in important international scientific journals.
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Trans Mountain like Monty Python's dead parrot under Trudeau government: Scheer
October 25, 2018 4:22 PM The Canadian Press0 Comments
CALGARY – The federal Opposition leader is likening the stalled Trans Mountain pipeline expansion to a famous Monty Python sketch in which two men argue over whether a parrot is actually dead.
"(Prime Minister) Justin Trudeau has bought a pipeline with no plan to actually build it. Conservatives will build pipelines without having to buy them," Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer told the Energy Relaunch conference in Calgary on Thursday.
"I believe it is Justin Trudeau's strategy to not have this pipeline even started to be built by the next election. He just can't admit that it will be dead by the next election.
"It's a little bit like the Monty Python dead parrot sketch. He just wants everyone to believe that it's not quite gone yet."
The Liberal government purchased the existing Trans Mountain pipeline from Kinder Morgan earlier this year for $4.5 billion after the U.S. firm became frustrated by political roadblocks, mainly put up by the British Columbia government.
An expansion to nearly triple capacity on the line stretching from Alberta to the B.C. coast is in limbo following a Federal Court of Appeal ruling in August that requires more Indigenous consultation and research into increased tanker traffic.
Scheer said if he were to become prime minister, he would repeal the carbon tax and Bill C-69 to overhaul energy project reviews. He called the proposed legislation the worst thing to happen to the industry since Pierre Trudeau's national energy program of the 1980s.
Both Scheer and his provincial counterpart — United Conservative Leader Jason Kenney — highlighted what they see as the need to go on the offensive against foes of Alberta energy development.
Scheer said nothing frustrates him more than protesters from elsewhere trying to block exports of Canada's "safe and responsible and secure" energy.
"And yet I don't see them lining up and down the St. Lawrence (River) trying to block tanker after tanker of foreign oil coming into our markets from countries with terrible human rights records, without anywhere near the same level of environmental standards that we have in this country."
Earlier in the day, Kenney reiterated his multi-pronged plan to fight back against Alberta energy critics if he becomes premier after the spring election.
It would include setting up a war room within the Alberta Energy Department to counter anti-oilsands claims quickly, paying the legal bills of pro-development Indigenous communities and targeting charitable groups that want to shut down the industry.
"It is time that we used all of the political and economic levers at our disposal," Kenney said.
Canada should stick up for its industry and can't cede the global energy market to the likes of Saudi Arabia, Iran and Venezuela, he said.
"Either we allow them to dominate global energy markets or … we move forward on the offensive unapologetically to do everything possible to get our Canadian energy to global markets."
Deron Bilous, economic development minister in Alberta's NDP government, said it's one thing on which he and the Opposition agree.
"From the Alberta point of view, it's quite frustrating when other provinces across this country are importing their resources from either petro-dictatorships or countries that have low to no standards whatsoever, when we have real opportunities to supply our own country with our energy."
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This is a good idea for those who enjoy the spriting.
Well this is the forum suggestions board, so I am going to move it to Random Chat.
Oh I see what you mean now. So, a new boeard called like Art or something... is that what you want?
Art and Prose, yeah. Creativity board would work as well as a name I guess.
Okay, great. I liek this Idea, but the Board is too small right now to add anything else. Once we get, say something lke 15 - 20 members.
Yes, I would proabably call it creativity, so people could post photos, sculpting, graphics, writing, everything like that.
Creativity board is easier for newbies to understand though as it's simpler.
Though when it is created it probably needs a rules thread too.
although some rules can be shared for all art forms.
Such as restrictions on posting innapropriate images. I am in an art class and one of my paintings has a revealing. Despite nothing being shown due to excellent placement of hair and foliage, I still wouldn't post it on the web without some warning.
Yes, very true. Aslo, please Cheeck your PMs.
Huzzah! I was gonna suggest this.
I suppose that means that I should hop to advertising?


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The adapter allows you to turn your Solognac spotting scope into a telephoto lens for a Canon reflex camera.
Capture the best wildlife moments with your Solognac spotting scope and share your pictures on our Solognac and Instagram pages!
One side screws onto the spotting scope once the eyepiece has been removed from just above the zoom adjustment ring. The other side screws onto the body of your reflex camera, taking the place of the normal camera lens. Remember to tighten the small screw on the side of the adapter to prevent the camera body turning.
The mount adapter has no electronics. Photos should be taken in manual mode and with manual focus using the scope's focusing mechanism.
Start by setting the ISO to 1600, with an aperture of f/5.6 and shutter speed 1/500 sec. If the photo is dark, increase the ISO to 3200, and reduce shutter speed to 1/250 sec, only if using a tripod.
If the photo is too light, reduce the ISO to 800, with an aperture of f/11 or shutter speed 1/1000 sec.
Continue adjusting until you find the optimum settings.


Glycerol can thin a gluggy nail polish, help remove stubborn stains from clothing and moisturise the skin.
Stain remover - Sponge stain and leave for 3-4 hours then wash as normal.
Skin moisturiser - Apply diluted with an equal amount of water.
Cosmetics - Add a few drops to nail polish or mascara to help thin product that has gone gluggy.
Cut flowers - Add a couple of teaspoons to the water to prolong flower life.
Defrosting - After defrosting your freezer wipe it with Home Essentials Glycerol, next time you defrost the ice will slip off in sheets.
Fridge cleaning - Wipe the inside of your cleaned fridge with Home Essentials Glycerol, to help make spills easier to wipe off next time.
Mix 1 Tablespoon Home Essentials Rosewater with 2 Tablespoons of Home Essentials Glycerol. Smooth over arms and legs at night, rinse off the following morning.
Gather together 250 ml boiling water, 2 tsp Home Essentials Glycerol, 2 tsp Home Essentials Rosewater, 10 drops rose essential oil (or any of your choice), and 2 tbsp soap, grated. Add grated soap to boiling water, stir and then let sit for about ten minutes until it melts. Then stir in Glycerol, Rosewater and essential oil. When the mixture is smooth, pour while still warm into an empty soap dispenser bottle, as when cold it will set to a jelly and be hard to pour.
Mix up a paste of Home Essentials Glycerol and Home Essentials Petroleum Jelly, to either wear on its own or over lipstick.
Wipe with equal parts Home Essentials Glycerol and Home Essentials Methylated Spirits to help keep them fog free.


text:
The Sky Is Not the Limit [National Conference Recap]
November 29, 2016 in National Events
Photo courtesy of CSU Fullerton PRSSA member Elsa Embler.
Event: PRSA General Session
Presenters: Derreck Kayongo, CEO, Center for Civil and Human Rights; Scott Kelly, astronaut, NASA
Recap: When public relations students and professionals speak of diversity within the field, they are referring to the variety of backgrounds, genders, races, ethnicities and ideas represented in the industry. However, at this year's first PRSA General Session, diversity was also represented in a different way through the stories of the two presenters.
Derreck Kayongo, CEO of the Center for Civil and Human Rights in Atlanta, and Scott Kelly, an astronaut at NASA, may seem to have nothing in common. Kayongo and his family fled to Kenya from civil war-torn Uganda before Kayongo came to the United States, where he began his education and later his entrepreneurship. He is the founder of the Global Soap Project, a soap recycling effort he started after discovering the amount of soap wasted by American hotels. Kayongo was shaken by this concept knowing so many individuals in his homeland whose health problems would be cured — or at least better managed — if they had access to proper sanitation products. He is now a civil and human rights activist and is currently writing his autobiography.
Scott Kelly is the New Jersey-born son of two police officers and the twin brother of a fellow astronaut. He grew up admiring his parents' work ethic, particularly his mother overcoming the challenge of being one of the first female cops in New Jersey. By working hard, he eventually became an astronaut at NASA and has spent about 500 days in space, including 340 consecutive days aboard the International Space Station.
Both these men overcame obstacles in their lives to arrive where they are today. Below are a few lessons we can learn from Derreck Kayongo and Scott Kelly.
As you do your work, focus on what inspires you, what gets you out of bed every morning and from where you get rejuvenated.
The public relations profession is in a position to give back: we should not take this for granted, and we should not take this lightly.
Choose to do the hard things — the things that challenge you — and be willing to take risks and make mistakes.
Set lofty goals and attain them by taking small, manageable steps.
If you can dream it, you can do it: the sky is not the limit.
Maura Fenske is a junior public relations major with a journalism minor. She serves as the Chapter president for the Waynesburg University PRSSA Chapter and as an account specialist for Student-run Firm Red Brick Communications. Maura hopes to combine her passion for public relations, writing and sports in her future career. Follow her at @mfenske87 and visit her LinkedIn.
Connect with PRSSA
Center for Civil and Human Rights, Derreck Kayongo, General Session, NASA, National Conference, PRSA, PRSSA, recap, Scott Kelly
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Why... we're not paying for him, Ecuador are.
Let them get bored of it, maybe they'll learn not to jump on political bandwagons next time (I bet it's hurt their political negotiating power with the UK since day one).
When they're bored of it, we have to start paying the same amount anyway to imprison him. Let them fund their own stupidity, and take out the difference (e.g. policing) from their next trade agreement with us.
They were hoping to use him as leverage but that obviously doesn't work out unless we actually want to deal with him.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}

Hamiltonian systems in ${\mathbb R}^2$ that admit separation of variables were completely determined by Liouville \cite{Liouville1859} and Morera \cite{Morera}, and can be classified, see \cite{Perelomov}, in four different types according with the system of coordinates where the separability is manifested: elliptic, polar, parabolic and Cartesian respectively. Thus Type I Liouville systems in ${\mathbb R}^2$ are defined by natural Hamiltonians: $H=K+{\cal U}$, $K=\frac{m}{2} \left( (\frac{dx_1}{dt})^2+(\frac{dx_2}{dt})^2\right)$, such that in elliptic coordinates adopt the Liouville form \cite{Perelomov}.

In this work we shall establish an isomorphism between this kind of mechanical systems and Liouville systems in $S^2$ that are separable in sphero-conical coordinates, that, correspondingly, we shall call Type I Liouville systems in $S^2$.

This isomorphism will be constructed by mapping the configuration space $S^2$ by means of two gnomonic projections from the two $S^2$-hemispheres into two ${\mathbb R}^2$ planes, together with a redefinition of the physical time and the application of a linear transformation in the projecting planes. This procedure is a generalization of the method used in \cite{Gonzalez}, where the orbits of the two fixed center problem on $S^2$ \cite{Killing1885,Kozlov1992} were determined by inverting these transformations. The inspiration was taken from the work of Borisov and Mamaev \cite{Borisov2007}, based itself on the ideas of Albouy \cite{Al1,Al2}, the main novelty of \cite{Gonzalez} was the simultaneous consideration of two gnomonic projections in order to study the complete set of orbits, identifying each trajectory crossing the equator of $S^2$ with the conjunction of two planar unbounded orbits, one of the two attractive center problem and another corresponding to the system of the two associated repulsive centers.

The idea of projecting dynamical systems in constant positive curvature surfaces to planar ones goes back to Appell \cite{Appell1890,Appell1891} and has been developed in modern times by Albouy \cite{Al1,Al2,Al3,Albouy2013,Al4}, see also \cite{Borisov2016} for a detailed historical review and references on problems defined in spaces of constant curvature.

The structure of this paper is as follows: In Section 2 the gnomonic projections will be constructed. Section 3 is devoted to describe the properties of Liouville type I systems, both in $S^2$ and ${\mathbb R}^2$. In Section 4 the isomorphism is established. Section 5 contains several selected examples and finally some comments and future perspectives are showed in the final section.

\section{Gnomonic projections from $S^2$ to ${\mathbb R}^2$}
\label{sec:1}

Let us consider the $S^2$ sphere embedded in ${\mathbb R}^3$, i.e. $(X,Y,Z)\in {\mathbb R}^3$, such that $X^2+Y^2+Z^2=R^2$. Standard spherical coordinates in $S^2$:
\[
X=R \sin \theta \cos \varphi\ ,\quad Y=R \sin \theta \sin \varphi \  ,\quad Z=R \cos \theta
\]
$\theta\in [0,\pi]$, $\varphi\in [0,2\pi)$, allow us to write the metric tensor in $TS^2$ (i.e. the restriction of Euclidean metric in $T{\mathbb R}^3$ to the sphere) in standard form:
\[
ds^2=R^2 \left( d\theta^2+\sin^2\theta \, d\varphi^2\right)\label{metrica1}
\]
The gnomonic projections from the North/South hemispheres: $S^2_+=\{ (X,Y,Z)\in S^2/ Z>0\}$, $S^2_-=\{ (X,Y,Z)\in S^2/ Z<0\}$, to the ${\mathbb R}^2$ plane, with respect to the points $(0,0,\pm R)$, are defined by the change of variables
\[
\Pi_\pm: S_\pm^2 \longrightarrow {\mathbb R}^2\quad \Rightarrow \quad \left\{ \begin{array}{ll}  x=\frac{R}{Z} X = R \tan \theta \cos \varphi \\ & \\ y=\frac{R}{Z} Y =R \tan \theta \sin \varphi \end{array}\right.\  ,\quad  \varphi\in[0,2\pi)
\]
where $\theta \in \left[ 0, \frac{\pi}{2} \right)$ in the case of $\Pi_+$ and $\theta \in   \left( \frac{\pi}{2},\pi\right] $ for $\Pi_-$. The inverse maps $\Pi_{\pm}^{-1}: {\mathbb R}^2 \longrightarrow S_{\pm}^2$, read:
\[
X=\frac{Rx}{\sqrt{R^2+x^2+y^2}}\  ,\  Y=\frac{Ry}{\sqrt{R^2+x^2+y^2}}\  ,\  Z=\frac{\pm R^2}{\sqrt{R^2+x^2+y^2}}
\]

The projections $\Pi_{\pm}$ define two copies of the Riemannian manifold $({\mathbb R}^2,g)$ where the metric tensor $g$ in each copy is given by:
\begin{equation}
ds^2=\frac{R^2}{(R^2+x^2+y^2)^2} \left( (R^2+y^2) dx^2 -2xy\, dx \, dy +(R^2+x^2) dy^2\right)\label{metrica2}
\end{equation}
with associated Christoffel symbols: $ \Gamma_{22}^1= \Gamma_{11}^2=0$,
\[
\Gamma_{11}^1=2\Gamma_{12}^2=2\Gamma_{21}^2= \frac{-2x}{R^2+x^2+y^2}\, ,\quad  \Gamma_{22}^2=2\Gamma_{12}^1=2\Gamma_{21}^1= \frac{-2y}{R^2+x^2+y^2}\  \  .
\]

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}  \includegraphics[height=7cm]{doblegnomonic}
\caption{Gnomonic projections $\Pi_+$ and $\Pi_-$.}
\end{center}
\label{fig:1}
\end{figure}

Gnomonic projections map geodesics in $S^2$ into straight lines in ${\mathbb R}^2$. In fact the geodesic equations for the metric (\ref{metrica2}):
\[
\nabla_{\dot{\bf x}} {\dot{\bf x}} =0 \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{lcc} \ddot{x}+\Gamma_{11}^1 \dot{x}^2+2\Gamma_{12}^1 \dot{x}\dot{y} +\Gamma_{22}^1 \dot{y}^2 &=& 0\\ \ddot{y}+\Gamma_{11}^2 \dot{x}^2+2\Gamma_{12}^2 \dot{x}\dot{y} +\Gamma_{22}^2 \dot{y}^2 &=& 0 \end{array}\right.
\]
where ${\bf x}\equiv (x(t),y(t))\in {\mathbb R}^2$ and dots represent derivative with respect to $t$, can be converted, by changing from physical to local (or \textit{projected}) time, into trivial standard form:
\[
d\tau = \frac{R^2+x^2+y^2}{R^2} dt \quad  \Rightarrow \quad   x^{\prime\prime}=0\  ,\quad y^{\prime\prime}=0
\]
where primes denote derivation with respect to $\tau$.

Given a mechanical problem in $S^2$ defined by a potential function ${\cal U}$, the projection of Newton equations in $S^2_+$ or $S^2_-$ to $({\mathbb R}^2,g)$ can be written as:
\begin{equation}
\nabla_{\dot{\bf x}} {\dot{\bf x}} =-{\rm grad} \, {\cal U}({\bf x})\label{equation1}
\end{equation}
where ${\bf x}\equiv (x,y)$, and covariant derivatives and the gradient are associated to the $g$ metric (\ref{metrica2}). Changing to projected time, equations (\ref{equation1}) will be written as:
\begin{equation}
{\bf x}'' = -{\rm grad} \, {\cal U}({\bf x})\Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{lcl} x^{\prime\prime}&=&-g^{11}\frac{\partial{\cal U}}{\partial x}-g^{12}\frac{\partial{\cal U}}{\partial y} \\ y^{\prime\prime}&=& -g^{21}\frac{\partial{\cal U}}{\partial x}-g^{22}\frac{\partial{\cal U}}{\partial y}\end{array} \right. \label{newton}
\end{equation}
where $g^{ij}$ denote the components of $g^{-1}$, the inverse of the metric $g$.

We now pose the following question: Is it possible to understand equations (\ref{newton}) as Newton equations for a mechanical system in the Euclidean ${\mathbb R}^2$ plane with time $\tau$?, in other words: Would it exists a function ${\cal V}(x_1,x_2)$ such that equations
\begin{equation}
x_1^{\prime\prime}=-\frac{\partial{\cal V}}{\partial x_1} \quad , \quad x_2^{\prime\prime}=-\frac{\partial{\cal V}}{\partial x_2} \label{newton1}
\end{equation}
are equivalent to (\ref{newton})?

The answer was given by Albouy \cite{Al1} and developed explicitly by Borisov and Mamaev \cite{Borisov2007} for the case of the Killing problem restricted to the North Hemisphere, i.e. the problem of two Kepler centers in $S^2_+$. The equivalence (trajectory isomorphism) was achieved in this concrete case via the linear transformation $x_1=x$, $x_2=\frac{1}{\sigma}y$, for an adequate value of $\sigma$ parameter, in equations (\ref{newton}).  Moreover, in \cite{Borisov2007} this isomorphism was extended to other mechanical systems and in general to systems admitting separation of variables in sphero-conical coordinates in $S^2_+$. In \cite{Gonzalez} the equivalence for the Killing problem was applied to the complete sphere considering the two projections $\Pi_+$ and $\Pi_-$ simultaneously. A delicate point is the gluing of the inverse projections at the equator of the sphere. Orbits crossing the equator have to be described by the differentiable gluing of two pieces coming from unbounded orbits in each of the two planes respectively.

In this work, following \cite{Borisov2007}, we shall show that these results are valid for the class of Type I Liouville systems in the whole $S^2$, i.e. separable system in sphero-conical coordinates in $S^2$, that are transformed by gnomonic projections and the linear transformation, into Liouville systems of type I in ${\mathbb R}^2$ (separable in elliptic coordinates) with respect to the ``non-physical" time $\tau$.

\section{Liouville type I systems in $S^2$ and ${\mathbb R}^2$}

We shall refer to Hamilton-Jacobi separable spherical systems in sphero-conical coordinate as Liouville dynamical systems of Type I in $S^2$, in analogy with the planar case for elliptic coordinates, see \cite{Perelomov},

Sphero-conical coordinates $U\in(\bar\sigma,1)$, $V\in (-\bar\sigma,\bar\sigma)$ describe points in an $S^2$-sphere by means of the geodesic distances $R\theta_1$ and $R\theta_2$ from the particle position to two fixed points that we choose without loosing generality as: $F_1=(R\bar{\sigma},0,R\sigma)$, $F_2=(-R\bar{\sigma},0,R\sigma)$, $\sigma=\cos \theta_f$, $\bar{\sigma}=\sin \theta_f$, see Figure 2, in the form:
\[
\theta_1={\rm arccos}({\sigma \cos\theta+\bar{\sigma}\sin\theta\cos\varphi)}\  ,\quad \theta_2={\rm arccos}({\sigma \cos\theta-\bar{\sigma}\sin\theta\cos\varphi})
\]
Sphero-conical coordinates are thus defined by replicating on the sphere the \lq\lq gardener\rq\rq \   construction which allowed Euler to define elliptic coordinates in ${\mathbb R}^2$:
\[
U=\sin\frac{\theta_1+\theta_2}{2}\  ,\quad V=\sin\frac{\theta_2-\theta_1}{2}
\]
and the change of coordinates is the following:
\[
X=\frac{R}{\bar{\sigma}} UV\  ,\quad Y^2=\frac{R^2}{\sigma^2\bar{\sigma}^2} (U^2-\bar{\sigma}^2)(\bar{\sigma}^2-V^2)\  ,\quad Z^2=\frac{R^2}{\sigma^2} (1-U^2)(1-V^2) \  .
\]

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=5cm]{trigo2}
\caption{Position of the particle in the sphere relative to two fixed points or foci.}
\end{center}
\label{fig:1}
\end{figure}

The kinetic energy of a particle moving on one $S^2$ sphere as configuration space expressed in sphero-conical coordinates reads:
\[
K=\frac{mR^2}{2}\, \left[ \frac{U^2-V^2}{(1-U^2)(U^2-\bar{\sigma}^2)} \left( \frac{dU}{dt}\right)^2 +\frac{U^2-V^2}{(1-V^2)(\bar{\sigma}^2-V^2)} \left( \frac{dV}{dt}\right)^2 \right] \  ,
\]
where $t$ is the physical time and we stress that $K$ is singular in the Equator, i.e., in the circle: $Z=0 \, \equiv \, U=1$.
Changing from physical to local time, $d\varsigma = \frac{dt}{U^2-V^2}$, the Kinetic energy is rewritten as:
\[
K=\frac{m R^2}{2(U^2-V^2)} \left[ \frac{1}{(1-U^2)(U^2-\bar{\sigma}^2)} \left( \frac{dU}{d\varsigma}\right)^2 +\frac{1}{(1-V^2)(\bar{\sigma}^2-V^2)} \left( \frac{dV}{d\varsigma}\right)^2 \right]\, .
\]
We define a natural dynamical system as Liouville of Type I in $S^2$ if the potential energy is a function of the form:
\begin{equation}
{\cal U}(U,V) = \frac{1}{U^2-V^2} \left( F(U)+G(V) \right) \quad .\label{typeIS2}
\end{equation}
This kind of potentials where the functions $F(U)$ and $G(V)$ are regular enough give rise to motion equations which are separable in the $U$ and $V$ evolutions.

Systems of this type are automatically completely integrable. The first integral of motion, the mechanical energy $E=K+{\cal U}$, leads to the separated expressions:
\[
 - \frac{m R^2\left( \frac{dV}{d\varsigma}\right)^2}{2(1-V^2)(\bar{\sigma}^2-V^2)}\, -G(V) -E V^2  \, =\,  \frac{m R^2 \left( \frac{dU}{d\varsigma}\right)^2}{2(1-U^2)(U^2-\bar{\sigma}^2)}\, +F(U) - E U^2
 \]
which necessarily must be equal to a constant $-\Omega$, a second invariant in involution with the energy. Rearranging these expressions we finally reduce the equations of motion to the uncoupled first-order ODE's system:
\begin{eqnarray}
\left( \frac{dU}{d\varsigma}\right)^2 &=& \frac{2}{mR^2}\   (1-U^2)(U^2-\bar{\sigma}^2)\,  (-\Omega+E \, U^2 - F(U)) \label{ode} \\ \left( \frac{dV}{d\varsigma}\right)^2 &=& \frac{2}{mR^2}\   (1-V^2)(\bar{\sigma}^2-V^2)\,  (\Omega-E \, V^2 - G(V)) \label{vode} \quad .
\end{eqnarray}
that is immediately integrated via the quadratures:
\begin{eqnarray}
\varsigma -\varsigma_0 &=& \pm R\sqrt{\frac{m}{2}}\int_{\bar\sigma}^U \frac{d \tilde{U}}{\sqrt{(1-\tilde{U}^2)(\tilde{U}^2-\bar{\sigma}^2)\,  (-\Omega+E \, \tilde{U}^2 - F(\tilde{U}))}} \label{quadrature1} \\ \nonumber
\\
\varsigma -\varsigma_0 &=& \pm R\sqrt{\frac{m}{2}}\int_{-\bar\sigma}^V \frac{d \tilde{V}}{\sqrt{ (1-\tilde{V}^2)(\bar{\sigma}^2-\tilde{V}^2)\,  (\Omega-E \, \tilde{V}^2 - G(\tilde{V}))}} \quad . \label{quadrature2}
\end{eqnarray}
and the orbits are found by inversion, if possible, of these integrals. The physical time can be recovered by integration the expression:
\[
t=\int_{\varsigma_0}^{\varsigma} (U(\bar{\varsigma})^2-V(\bar{\varsigma})^2) d\bar{\varsigma}
\]

Liouville Type I systems in ${\mathbb R}^2$ are separable in elliptic coordinates \cite{Perelomov}. Recall that Euler elliptic coordinates in ${\mathbb R}^2$ relative to the foci: $f_1=(a,0)$, $f_2=(-a,0)$ are defined as half the sum and half the difference of the distances from the particle position to the foci:
\begin{equation}
 u=\frac{r_1+r_2}{2a } \, , \   v=\frac{r_2-r_1}{2 a}
 \, ; \   r_1=\sqrt{(x_1-a)^2+x_2^2} \, , \  r_2=\sqrt{(x_1+a)^2+x_2^2} \  . \label{euler}
\end{equation}
The new coordinates vary in the intervals: $-1<v<1$, $1<u<\infty$. In terms of these coordinates the particle position is defined to be
\begin{equation}
 x_1=a  uv \ ,\quad x_2^2= a^2\,  (u^2-1)(1-v^2) \quad ,\label{elliptic}
\end{equation}
implying a two-to-one map from ${\mathbb R}^2$ to the infinite ``rectangle": $(-1,1)\times (1, +\infty)$. The Kinetic energy with respect to the local time $d\zeta = \frac{dt}{u^2-v^2}$ in this coordinate system reads
\[
K=\frac{m a^2}{2(u^2-v^2)}\, \left( \frac{1}{u^2-1} \left( \frac{du}{d\zeta}\right)^2 +\frac{1}{1-v^2} \left( \frac{dv}{d\zeta}\right)^2 \right)
\]
and the potential provides a Liouville Type I system in ${\mathbb R}^2$ if is of the form
\begin{equation}
{\cal V}(u,v) = \frac{1}{u^2-v^2} \left( f(u)+g(v) \right) \  ,\label{sepellip}
\end{equation}
for arbitrary but sufficiently regular functions $f(u)$ and $g(v)$. An standard separability process leads to the uncoupled first-order ODE's:
\begin{eqnarray}
\left( \frac{du}{d\zeta}\right)^2 &=& \frac{2}{ma^2}\   (u^2-1)\,  (-\lambda+h \, u^2 -f(u)) \label{ueq}\\
\left( \frac{dv}{d\zeta}\right)^2 &=& \frac{2}{ma^2}\   (1-v^2)\,  (\lambda-h \, v^2 - g(v))\label{veq}
\end{eqnarray}
depending on the energy $h$ and the second constant of motion $\lambda$.

\section{Trajectory Isomorphism between Liouville Type I systems in $S^2$ and ${\mathbb R}^2$}

The gnomonic projection $\Pi_+$ from $S^2_+$ to ${\mathbb R}^2$ allows us to write the cartesian coordinates $(x,y)$ in terms of the sphero-conical ones:
\[
x=\frac{R\sigma}{\bar{\sigma}} \, \frac{UV}{\sqrt{1-U^2}\sqrt{1-V^2}}\  ,\quad y^2=\frac{R^2}{\bar{\sigma}^2} \, \frac{(U^2-\bar{\sigma}^2)(\bar{\sigma}^2-V^2)}{(1-U^2)(1-V^2)}
\]
The re-scaling $x_1=x$, $x_2=\frac{y}{\sigma}$ permits us to re-write these expressions in terms of Euler elliptic coordinates in the form (\ref{elliptic}) for $a=\frac{R\bar{\sigma}}{\sigma}$. Note that with this choice we have that $\Pi_+(F_1)=(a,0)=f_1$ and $\Pi_+(F_2)=(-a,0)=f_2$. Thus the ${\mathbb R}^2$ plane with coordinates $(x_1,x_2)$ is equivalently described in terms of the sphero-conical coordinates or in the elliptic form (\ref{elliptic}) via the identifications:
\begin{equation}
u=\frac{\sigma U}{\bar{\sigma} \sqrt{1-U^2}}\  , \quad v=\frac{\sigma V}{\bar{\sigma} \sqrt{1-V^2}}\label{identification1}
\end{equation}

Let us consider a Liouville Type I system in $S^2$ with potential (\ref{typeIS2}) and the corresponding separated first-order equations (\ref{ode},\ref{vode}) with respect to the local time $\varsigma$ in $S^2$. The chain of changes from this local time $\varsigma$ to the elliptic local time $\zeta$, via going back to the physical time $t$, changing to the projected time $\tau$ and finally defining $\zeta$ in terms of $\tau$: $d\zeta = \frac{d\tau}{u^2-v^2}$, can be simply summarized in the form:
\[
d\zeta= \bar{\sigma}\, d\varsigma
\]
Using this expression and the identification (\ref{identification1}) one easily realizes that equations (\ref{ode},\ref{vode}) are equivalent to equations (\ref{ueq},\ref{veq}), and reciprocally, if the respective constants of motion are related through the equation:
\[
h=\frac{E-\Omega}{\sigma^2} \quad , \quad \lambda =\frac{\Omega}{\bar{\sigma}}  \quad .
\]
and the the potential energy in ${\mathbb R}^2$ is obtained from the potential energy in $S^2$, and viceversa,
via the identities:
\begin{equation}
f(u)=\frac{\bar{\sigma}^2 u^2+\sigma^2}{\sigma^2 \bar{\sigma}^2}\, F(U(u))\   , \quad
g(v)=\frac{\bar{\sigma}^2 v^2+\sigma^2}{\sigma^2 \bar{\sigma}^2}\, G(V(v)) \label{fyg}
\end{equation}
It is thus established the prescription to pass back and forth between a Liouville Type I separable systems in $S^2_+$ with a given physical time $t$ and a Liouville Type I system in ${\mathbb R}^2$ with respect to a ``non-physical" time $\tau$.

An analogous procedure relative to the projection $\Pi_-$ can be developed for $S^2_-$, and thus Newton equations on $S^2_{\pm}$ are equivalent to Newton equations (\ref{newton1}) in the Euclidean planes. The orbits of a system with $S^2$ as configuration space require the determination of the orbits of two planar systems to be completely described in this projected picture.

In order to clarify the relationship between local times needed for separability in $S^2$ and $R^2$ we include a Table showing all the changes of time schedules:
\begin{center}
\entrymodifiers={++[F]}
\xymatrix@R=1.0cm{
{\begin{array}{c}  \txt{\scriptsize $S^2_\pm$, Newton Equations for ${\cal U}$}     \\  \txt{\scriptsize Physical time $t$} \end{array}}  \ar[d]^{\txt {\scriptsize Sphero-Conical coor.}} \ar[r]^{\txt{\scriptsize Gnomonic Proj.}} &
{\begin{array}{c}  \txt{\scriptsize $({\mathbb R}^2,g)$, Newton Eqs. for ${\cal U}$}     \\  \txt{\scriptsize Physical time $t$} \end{array}}    \ar[d]^{\txt{\scriptsize ``Projected" time $\tau$}}\\ {\begin{array}{c}  \txt{\scriptsize Separable problem in $S^2_\pm$}  \\  \txt{\scriptsize Physical time $t$} \end{array}} \ar[d]^{\txt{\scriptsize Local time $\varsigma$}}  & {  \txt{\scriptsize ${\mathbb R}^2$, System of second order ODE. Projected time $\tau$} }  \ar[d]^{\txt{\scriptsize Linear transf.}} \\    { {\begin{array}{c}   \txt{\scriptsize Separated First Order Eqs. in $S^2_\pm$}     \\  \txt{\scriptsize Local time $\varsigma$} \end{array}}} \ar@2{<->}[ddr]  &  {    \txt{\scriptsize  $({\mathbb R}^2,\delta_{ij})$, Newton Eqs. for ${\cal V}$. Time $\tau$} }\ar[d]^{\txt {\scriptsize Elliptic coor.}}\\ * { } & {  \txt{\scriptsize Separable problem in ${\mathbb R}^2$. Time $\tau$} } \ar[d]^{\txt{\scriptsize Local time $\zeta$}} \\  {\text{\scriptsize $d\zeta = \bar{\sigma} \, d\varsigma$ }  } & {\begin{array}{c}   \txt{\scriptsize Separated First Order Eqs. in ${\mathbb R}^2$}     \\  \txt{\scriptsize Projected-Local time $\zeta$} \end{array}}
}
\end{center}

\section{Gallery of selected examples}

\subsection{The Neumann system}
The Neumann system \cite{Neumann} consists of a particle constrained to move in a $S^2$ sphere of radius $R$ subjected to maximally anisotropic linear attraction towards the center of the sphere. The potential energy is:
\begin{equation}
{\cal U}(X,Y,Z)= a X^2+b Y^2+c Z^2 \  , \quad a>b>c>0 \quad , \label{Neumann}
\end{equation}
where the couplings $a,b,c$ may be redefined as $\frac{m \omega^2}{2}=a-c$, $0<\sigma^2=\frac{b-c}{a-c}<1$, to easily show that the Neumann
problem is a Liouville Type I system in $S^2$ since the potential energy in sphero-conical coordinates is of the standard form (\ref{typeIS2}) with:
\[
F(U)=\frac{m\omega^2}{2}R^2\left(U^2-\bar{\sigma}^2\right)U^2 \   , \quad G(V)=\frac{m\omega^2}{2}R^2\left(\bar{\sigma}^2-V^2\right) V^2  \quad .
\]
The sigma parameter fixing the position of the foci measures in this case the asymmetry between the intensity of the elastic forces in the $X$ and $Y$ directions. Consequently, the orbits of a particle in the Neumann problem are determined by evaluating the quadratures (\ref{quadrature1},\ref{quadrature2}) with this choice of $F(U)$ and $G(V)$. Both integrals can be written in the compact form:
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \varsigma-\varsigma_0
=\pm \sqrt{m}R \int_{{\cal X}_0}^{\cal X} \, \frac{d \tilde{{\cal X}}}{\sqrt{P_5(\tilde{{\cal X}})}} \label{hyperell} \\ && \hspace{-1cm}
P_5({\cal X})=-{\cal X}(1-{\cal X})({\cal X}-\bar{\sigma}^2)\left(m\omega^2 R^2{\cal X}^2-(2E -m \omega^2R^2\bar{\sigma}^2){\cal X}+2\Omega\right) \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where a new integration variable: ${\cal X}$ has been introduced: $U={\cal X}^2$ for quadrature (\ref{quadrature1}) and $V={\cal X}^2$ for (\ref{quadrature2}). (\ref{hyperell}) is an hyperelliptic integral of genus 2, and obviously to obtain explicit expressions for these orbits requires the use of rank 2 Theta functions, see \cite{Dubrovine}, \cite{Enolski}.

Having into account the symmetry of the Neumann potential (\ref{Neumann}), the corresponding planar potentials ${\cal V}(x_1,x_2)$ will have identical expressions in both $\Pi_+(S^2_+)$ and $\Pi_-(S^2_-)$ planes. Applying (\ref{fyg}) we obtain potential (\ref{sepellip}) with:
\[
f(u)=\frac{m\omega^2R^2\sigma^2}{2}\, \frac{u^2(u^2-1)}{\bar{\sigma}^2 u^2+\sigma^2}\  ,\quad g(v)=\frac{m\omega^2R^2\sigma^2}{2} \  \frac{v^2(1- v^2)}{\bar{\sigma}^2 v^2+\sigma^2}
\]
that in cartesian coordinates corresponds to the  potential function:
\begin{equation}
{\cal V}(x_1,x_2)= \frac{m\omega^2 R^2}{2} \left( \frac{x_1^2+\sigma^2 x_2^2}{R^2+x_1^2+\sigma^2 x_2^2} \right) \label{Neumannplano}
\end{equation}
Thus orbits for (\ref{Neumann}) lying in $S^2_+$ or $S^2_-$ are in one to one correspondence with bounded orbits of the planar system (\ref{Neumannplano}) whereas orbits that crosses the equator have to be recovered from the projected pictures as the gluing of unbounded orbits of the two planar copies.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=4cm]{Neumannb} \hspace{0.8cm}   \includegraphics[height=4cm]{Neumann2}
\caption{An orbit of the Neumann problem and its corresponding planar orbit.}
\end{center}
\label{fig:2}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{The Killing system}

In the Killing system \cite{Killing1885,Kozlov1992}, see also \cite{Gonzalez} and references therein, one massive particle is forced to move on an $S^2$-sphere of radius $R$ under the action of a gravitational field created by two (e.g. attractive, $\gamma_1>0$, $\gamma_2>0$) Keplerian centers. Fixing the centers in the above defined $F_1$ and $F_2$ points the potential energy reads:
 \[
{\cal U}(\theta_1,\theta_2)=-\frac{\gamma_1}{R}{\rm cotan}\, \theta_1-\frac{\gamma_2}{R}{\rm cotan}\, \theta_2 \quad ,
\]
and thus the test mass feels the presence of two attractive centers in the North hemisphere and two (repulsive) ones located at the antipodal points in the South hemisphere with identical strengths. In sphero-conical coordinates the potential energy is written with two different expressions depending on the hemisphere that it is considered. In both cases ${\cal U}_{\pm}(U,V)$ is of Liouville Type I in $S^2$ form (\ref{typeIS2}), with:
\[
F_{\pm}(U)=\mp  \frac{\gamma_1+\gamma_2}{R}U\sqrt{1-U^2} \quad , \quad G(V)=-\frac{\gamma_1-\gamma_2}{R} V\sqrt{1-V^2} \quad .
\]
Applying the general procedure explained above the dynamics in the $S^2_+$ hemisphere can be described by the planar potential:
\[
{\cal V}_+(x_1,x_2)= -\frac{\gamma_1}{\sigma^2\, \sqrt{(x_1-\frac{R\bar{\sigma}}{\sigma})^2+x_2^2}}-\frac{\gamma_2}{\sigma^2 \sqrt{(x_1+\frac{R\bar{\sigma}}{\sigma})^2+x_2^2}}
\]
that corresponds to the problem of two attractive centers in ${\mathbb R}^2$. In a parallel way, the problem in the South hemisphere is orbitally equivalent to the planar problem:
\[
{\cal V}_-(x_1,x_2)= \frac{\gamma_2}{\sigma^2\, \sqrt{(x_1-\frac{R\bar{\sigma}}{\sigma})^2+x_2^2}}+\frac{\gamma_1}{\sigma^2 \sqrt{(x_1+\frac{R\bar{\sigma}}{\sigma})^2+x_2^2}}\  ,
\]
i.e. the planar potential of two repulsive centers where the roles of the points $(\pm \frac{R\bar{\sigma}}{\sigma}, 0)$, and thus the strengths of the centers in modulus, are
interchanged with respect to the attractive potential ${\cal V}_+(x_1, x_2)$ in $\Pi_+(S^2_+)$.

In \cite{Gonzalez} a complete analysis of the different types of orbits for this problem is performed, including the integration and inversion of the involved elliptic integrals that lead to explicit expressions in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions for all the available regimes in the bifurcation diagram. Two examples of planetary type orbits are represented in Figure 4. In Figure 5 we can see their corresponding orbits in the projected planar systems.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=5cm]{tp1aFS}   \includegraphics[height=5cm]{tpcFS}
\caption{a) Planetary orbit in $S^2_+$. b) Closed orbit in $S^2$ that crosses the equator.}
\end{center}
\label{fig:2}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=2.7cm]{tp1aFP} \hspace{0.5cm} \includegraphics[height=2.7cm]{tpcFPN}\includegraphics[height=2.7cm]{tpcFPS}
\caption{a) Planetary orbit projected in ${\mathbb R}^2$. b) and c) Projections of the closed orbit on $\Pi_+(S^2_+)$ and $\Pi_-(S^2_-)$ respectively.}
\end{center}
\label{fig:2}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Inverse gnomonic projection of the Garnier system from ${\mathbb R}^2$ to $S^2$}
The Garnier system \cite{Garnier,Perelomov} corresponds to a planar anharmonic oscillator which is isotropic in the quartic power of the distance to the center but anisotropic in the quadratic term. Using non-dimensional coordinates and couplings the potential energy is defined to be:
\[
{\cal V}(x_1,x_2)= \frac{1}{2}\left(x_1^2+x_2^2-1\right)^2+\frac{a^2}{2}x_2^2 \quad , \qquad 0<a<1 \quad .
\]
Changing to Euler elliptic variables (\ref{elliptic}) it is easily seen that it is a Liouville Type I system in ${\mathbb R}^2$ since the potential energy takes the form (\ref{sepellip}) where:
\[
f(u)=\frac{a^4}{2} ( u^2-1) \left( u^2-\frac{1}{a^2}\right)^2\ , \quad g(v)=\frac{a^4}{2} ( 1-v^2) \left( v^2-\frac{1}{a^2}\right)^2 \quad .
\]
The quadratures are thus
\[
\varsigma-\varsigma_0=\mp  \, a \int_1^u \, \frac{d z}{\sqrt{(z^2-1)P_6(z) }} \  , \quad \varsigma-\varsigma_0=\mp  a \int_{-1}^v \, \frac{d z}{\sqrt{(1-z^2)\tilde{P}_6(z)}} \quad ,
\]
where the sixth order polynomials read:
\[
P_6(u)=-f(u)+h u^2-\lambda\quad ,\qquad \tilde{P}_6(v)=-g(v)-hv^2+\lambda \quad .
\]
The change of integration variable: $z^2 = \bar{z}$, renders both integrals to identical canonical form:
\[
\int \frac{d\bar{z}}{\sqrt{2 \bar{z} (1-\bar{z}) (a^4 \bar{z}^3-a^2(a^2+2) \bar{z}^2+(1+2a^2-2h)\bar{z} +2\lambda-1)}}
\]
i.e., they are hyper-elliptic integrals of genus 2.

The inverse gnomonic projection leads us to the Liouville Type I separable system in $S^2_+$ characterized by the rational functions:
\[
F(U)=\frac{(U^2-\bar{\sigma}^2) (1-2U^2)^2}{2(1-U^2)^2}  \  , \quad  G(V)=\frac{(\bar{\sigma}^2-V^2) (1-2V^2)^2}{2(1-V^2)^2}
\]
where, in this non dimensional setting, we have identified the parameters in the form: $a=\frac{\bar{\sigma}}{\sigma}$.

The corresponding potential in terms of $(X,Y,Z)\in S^2_+$ is:

\[
{\cal U}(X,Y,Z)=\frac{1}{2\sigma^2} \left( \frac{1- \bar{\sigma}^2 X^2}{Z^4}- \frac{1+3\sigma^2}{Z^2}\right)
\]
that is singular in the Equator. Thus in this case, even if we extend ${\cal U}(X,Y,Z)$ to the whole $S^2$ sphere, the orbits cannot cross the Equator, and unbounded planar orbits are mapped into spherical trajectories that approach the Equator asymptotically.

\section{Summary and further comments}

In this report we have analyzed separable classical Hamiltonian systems in an unified way. We have focused in systems of two degrees of freedom for which the configuration space is either an $S^2$ sphere or the Euclidean plane ${\mathbb R}^2$.
In the first case, that we denote as Liouville Type I in $S^2$, we have selected those systems for which the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is separable in
sphero-conical coordinates. In the planar case the separability
of the HJ equation is demanded in Euler elliptic coordinates, thus restricting ourselves to Liouville Type I systems
in ${\mathbb R}^2$.

The main contribution in this essay is the construction of a bridge between Liouville Type I systems respectively in
$S^2$ and ${\mathbb R}^2$. The path is traced following the gnomonic projection from both the North and South hemi-spheres to the plane.
The idea is inspired by the connection between the two Keplerian center problem respectively in $S^2$ and ${\mathbb R}^2$ established in \cite{Al1,Al2,Borisov2007}. We provide a geometric structure to the Borisov-Mamaev map which allows to extend the idea to any Liouville Type I system. As particular cases we construct the bridge between the Neumann problem and its partner in
the plane, besides reconstructing the Borisov-Mamaev map betwen the Killing problem, two Keplerian centers in $S^2$,
and the Euler problem, two Keplerian centers in ${\mathbb R}^2$, in this geometric setting. Moreover, we also consider a distinguished Liouville Type I system in ${\mathbb R}^2$, the Garnier system and its mapping back in $S^2$ by using the inverse of the gnomonic projection. A remarkable fact emerges: the two center problems in $S^2$ and ${\mathbb R}^2$ exhibit
separable potentials in terms of either trigonometric or polynomial functions but identical, up to a constant, strengths: in both manifolds Keplerian potentials arise.

The results of this work can be extended to the Quantum framework. It would be very interesting to analyze the relation between separable Schr\"odinger equations in $S^2$ and the corresponding projected equations in ${\mathbb R}^2$. Connecting paths between the classical and quantum worlds are provided by the WKB quantization procedure.

Finally, it is adequate to remind that the search for solitary waves arising in $(1+1)$-dimensional relativistic scalar field theories is tantamount to solve an analogue mechanical system. In this framework, the application of the equivalence between separable systems in $S^2$ and ${\mathbb R}^2$ could be a fruitful source of information about the links between solitary waves in non-linear and linear sigma models, \cite{Alonso,Alonso1,Alonso2,Alonso3}.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors thank the Spanish Ministerio de Econom\'{\i}a y Competitividad (MINECO) for financial support under grant MTM2014-57129-C2-1-P and the Junta de Castilla y Le\'on for the grant VA057U16.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
package com.hediapps.messaging.config;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "appconfig")
public class ApplicationConfigurationProperties {
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
L.A. is second least affordable home market for the middle class
The Los Angeles area is second behind San Francisco as the nation's least-affordable housing market for the middle class, according to a report from Trulia.
Staff L.A. Biz
The Los Angeles area is second behind San Francisco as the nation's least-affordable housing market for the middle class, according to a report from real estate data firm Trulia.
A middle-class household earning the median income of $54,000 can afford just 22 percent of homes for sale in Los Angeles, based on whether the total monthly payment — including mortgage, insurance, and property taxes — is less than 31 percent of the household income, Trulia said. In San Francisco, only 15 percent of the middle class can afford a home.
Six of the seven least-affordable housing markets in the country were in California. San Diego was third with 25 percent, while Orange County ranked fifth at 26 percent, San Jose was sixth with 30 percent and Ventura County was seventh at 33 percent.
Looking under submarkets in L.A. county, Trulia's survey found that in Pasadena and the San Gabriel Valley 626 area code, only 11 percent of the middle class could afford a home. In the 310/424 area, encompassing the Westside and beaches, homes were within reach of 14 percent of the middle class. The rates were 16 percent in 213, downtown and central L.A., and 16 percent in the San Fernando Valley's 818 and 747 area codes.
In the past year, affordability has fallen modestly, hurt by rising home prices, but helped by lower mortgage rates, Trulia said. Nationally, 59 percent of homes for sale are within reach of the middle class, compared with 62 percent last October.
High-income metro areas are generally less affordable than low-income metros because high-income households bid up home prices, and high prices push out lower-income households, according to Trulia Chief Economist Jed Kolko. In addition, higher-income metros tend to have less new construction than lower-income metros.
"Unless incomes increase substantially, homeownership will slip further beyond the reach of many households," Kolko wrote in the report.
Silver Lake Los Feliz
Baby Boomers Say They Are Not Moving Out Of Their Homes
Baby Boomers say they aren't moving out of their homes
By Les Christie @CNNMoney October 31, 2014: 2:57 PM ET
NEW YORK (CNNMoney)
Instead of flocking to sunny beach havens or downsizing to a condo in the city during their retirement years, a majority of Baby Boomers say they're just going to stay put in their old home.
In a survey of 4,000 Baby Boomer households conducted by the non-profit Demand Institute, 63% of Boomers plan to stay in their current home once they retire.
Much of that has to do with the recession. The financial crisis put an end to years of rapid wealth accumulation, causing the typical Boomer household's net worth to fall to $143,000 in 2013 from just over $200,000 in 2007, according to Federal Reserve data.
Related: Why everyone is moving to Texas
Not only that, but this generation is also carrying a lot more mortgage debt. The survey found that the median outstanding mortgage balance for 50- to 69-year-olds was $118,000 in 2013, up from $48,743 in 1992.
"Boomers' nest eggs have shrunk dramatically in recent years," said Jeremy Burbank, vice president at The Demand Institute, the non-profit think tank run by the Conference Board and Nielsen. "Financially, this generation is not necessarily ready for retirement, and half of their assets are tied up in their homes."
boomers move
Not everyone is planning on staying put, however; 37% of the Boomers surveyed said they were planning to make a move.
Nearly half of the movers said they wanted to get a bigger place — and that they intended to spend more money on it. But with a median net worth of just $40,000, this group was among some of the least wealthy surveyed. In fact, the report found that many of those who were looking to "upsize" were also looking to switch from renting to owning.
Those who said they plan to move into a smaller home were much more affluent, with a median net worth of $322,000, the Demand Institute found.
Silver Lake/Los Feliz


I graduated from University of Calgary with majors in Special Education, Elementary Physical education, psychology and early childhood education.
My husband Andrew and I have four grown children. In January 2017, Andy went home to be with Lord. It's been a hard journey but I know in my heart ❤ that God is my joy, strength and peace. Our 4 children, all graduated from Olds Koinonia and love the Lord with their whole heart. We have been blessed with seven grandchildren. I spend as much time as I can with my children and their families.
My hobbies consist of reading, sewing, cooking, kayaking, swimming, biking and x country skiing and spending time with my grandchildren.


Restoration and conversion works to transform an 1840s, Grade II Listed Old Mill into a retreat facility.
Extension and refurbishment of a 3-storey, 8 bedroom, 4,200 square foot, 17th Century, Grade 2 listed farmhouse.
Complete refurbishment and modernisation of a grade 2 listed 19th century building to create luxury apartments.
We are HC One's preferred remodelling and refurbishment contractor across its estate in the north of England.
Copyright© 2019 Warden Construction Ltd. All Rights Reserved.


The Impact ratings for April 5, 2018 are in.
This week's episode on Pop TV drew 294,000 viewers overall on Thursday night according to a report by Showbuzzdaily.com.
This is way down from last week's show that drew 399,000 viewers. The show came in at No. 128 for the night on cable among the top 150 shows on Thursday, down from No. 104.
Impact, headlined by Eli Drake vs. MOOSE in a Case vs. Case Match, averaged a 0.06 rating among adults 18-49. This is down from last week's 0.10 rating.


Well dear reader, not sure if this is a coastal blog becoming a cooking blog, but today I'm doing a bit of both. No really it will always be coastal, but it's Winter and I did say I am getting my cooking mojo back, so I am continuing my odyssey with seasonal fruit and today it's upside down chocolate pear cake, from my absolute favourite Donna Hay.
But first to the coast. We started out at the athletics carnival this morning. Let me tell you the Beach House Brat is no budding Olympian, so after he had run his races I gave him the option of sitting in the stands all day or cutting school for a swim and a beach picnic. No prizes for guessing his choice. He was very cute before his race. He has never run competitively before and he asked me 'Is it hard to stay in the lanes?' I just adore his innocence. He managed to run in a straight line, which I think was all he was really worried about!!!!! So afterwards we made a bee line home for the beach bag and hit the water.
Two weeks left of Winter here, but the weather has shades of Spring about it and this kiddo never seems to care what the water temps are, so he suited up and splashed around. Whilst I was snapping him, I caught this guy on a stand up paddle board. This is kiddies corner at Palm Beach, so it was nice and flat and very manageable.
I don't know about you, but I always find it stressful trying to wrangle two kiddos at the beach, so I love it when it's flat.
And now to the culinary section of this post. We are entertaining tonight and this cake is on the desert menu. But I just had to try it before it was served up. While the kiddos were playing nerf gun wars on the back deck, I snuck out the front, with grandma's Royal Albert China and a piece of cake.
The texture of this cake is lovely and is best served warm with a dollop of ice cream on the side.
I am loving the photographic aspects of blogging and love to mix up my shots with vintage kitchenalia I have thrifted over the years.
This little ice cream scoop is reminiscent of one my grandmother had.
So surrounding myself with beautiful china, vintage scoops, chocolate and a little garden posy for a little respite from the Beach House Brats just completes an otherwise gorgeous Winter day here in Sydney. Uh oh moment over........the nerf gun war has turned toxic......I better go and sort it out. On second thoughts, I may just take them back to school!!!! What the dot dot dot was I thinking?
Preheat the oven to 180 C (350F). Place the butter, sugar and water in a frying pan over medium heat and stir until the butter has melted. Add the pears to the pan, cut side down, and cook for 2 minutes.
Place the pears, cut side down in a 23cm (9inch) round cake tin that has been side and base lined with non stick baking paper. Pour over the pan juices and set aside.
To make the cake, place the butter and brown sugar in the bowl and beat until light and fluffy. Add the eggs one at a time and beat well. Sift the flour and cocoa over the mixture and stir through.
Spoon the mixture over the pears in the tin. Bake for 50-60 minutes. Cool in the tin for 5 minutes, then turn out onto a serving plate. Serve warm with ice cream.
The cake looks beautiful as well as delicious. Thanks for converting the recipe. I appreciate it. Love the charming photos of vintage.
the cake looks and sounds delicious. palm beach looks so lovely today.
the beach and donna hay are two of my most favorite things!!! Thank you for the kind compliment of including me on your blog roll!
A great way to spend the day and come home to such good eating.
Oh my goodness....that looks oh so yummy.
Love your photos of the beach brat! :O) The recipe sounds and look wonderful...a real must-try! Happy Pink Saturday to you, Carolyn.
Love your post.. but makes me so sad!
More back surgery.. So NO paddle boarding for me at all this summer!
Gotta try that recipe - thanks for sharing!
The cake and the setting is absolutely beautiful! I love your beach house deck, too. Gorgeous! Thanks for sharing on Sweet Indulgences Sunday.
Ha, we have nerf gun wars too. Looks like a good time and delicious food. Thanks for linking it up at Home Sweet Home! I made your roasted chicken with the lime in and I got an organic chicken. It was very good!
isn't cooking mojo the best!?
I used to really like Dona Hay. We had this cute kids party cook book by her and there were so many gorgeous things. Of course they weren't vegan but they all had the potential to be.
I saw her on a talk show a while ago though and they somehow got onto the topic of vegans and she was rather rude about it. Saying that no vegan would ever be welcome in her house.


From MSDS Symptoms and Effects of Short Term Exposure: Acute. Primary route of entry: Swallowing: May cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Inhalation: Inhalation-spray mists may cause mild respiratory irritation. Eye Contact: Liquid splashed into the eye may cause transient eye irritation. Skin Absorption: None known. Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: None known.


are you referring to the centripetal acceleration experiment? At the moment, it is plotting the absolute value because we do not know the rotation axis. For example on a record player, the phone rotates about z and in a salad spinner it rotates about x (or often about some oblique axis). However, if you are using one specific setup, you can create a version that does not plot the absolute, but x, y or z. Just load the existing experiment in our editor http://phyphox.org/editor and rewire accordingly.
At the moment, you need to transfer a phyphox-file to the target devices, but "soon" you will be able to just give them a QR code with the new configuration.
Let me know if you need any help with the editor.
I'just the kind of guy with blocky programming experience, so your suggested editor is a bit frightening at first glance. I did not succeed in inverting the sign...Sorry to bother you for an additional hint.
No problem, I can just create it for you. About which axis do rotate the phone?


text:
Q: SQL - Remove Duplicate Rows From Table How can I remove duplicate rows from my table? I've searched the Internet, but I haven't been able to solve the issue. Here's what I've written:
WITH C As
(
Select A.PatientID, A.DoctorID
From Appointment As A
)

Select Distinct A.PatientID, A2.PatientID, A.DoctorID
From Appointment As A
    Inner Join C as A2
        On A.DoctorID = A2.DoctorID
Where A.PatientID <> A2.PatientID
Order By A.PatientID Asc

Here's the outcome:

In the image above, you'll notice that the data in row 1 is duplicated in row 6. How can I remove all the duplicate rows? Any suggestions?

A: You dont need a CTE for this
Try
 SELECT DISTINCT PatientId, PatientId, DoctorID
 FROM Appointment A1
 JOIN Appointment A2
   ON A1.PatientId < A2.PatientId
  AND A1.DoctorID = A2.DoctorID
 Order By A1.PatientID Asc

A: You can not generate the symmetric dups
in the first place by arbitrarily choosing patient A to allways be the one of the pair with the smaller ID
...
Where A.PatientID < A2.PatientID

This will not help if you have dups in the original table but by its name it should be a primary key and/or have a not NULL & unique index on "PatientID"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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LAKEVIEW SENECA LODGE is just steps away from the outstanding ARROWHEAD POINTE amenities . . . private to residences only, including . . . a free-form HEATED SWIMMING POOL, lakeside SANDY BEACH and swim platform, adjoining LOG and TWIG GAZEBO, a PRIVATE BOAT DOCK with individual OWNER BOAT SLIP, fishing platform and . . . a two story handcrafted POST and BEAM LOG BOATHOUSE with 3 fireplaces, 3 bathrooms, lower level lounge with movie projector, interior Canoe/Kayak storage, and temperature controlled wine cellar with private locked wine bin! All on the extensive, stunning shoreline promenade owned by this one-of-a-kind year-round DESTINATION LAKESIDE ENCLAVE!
The finest in construction technique, environmentally sensitive site engineering and of course, the highest quality materials, craftsmanship, and details are all featured at ARROWHEAD POINTE. Ownership at ArrowHead Pointe provides an exclusive, LAKEFRONT RESORT LIFESTYLE . . . from the sandy beach and private boat dock to the heated swimming pool and the fabulous 'Boathouse'. AND, with the AHP LOCK AND LEAVE MAINTENANCE PLAN in place, assures you time to celebrate life with friends and family: stacked firewood, full landscape and snow removal, even window washing are tasks not to be worried about!
Thinking of renting once in a while? SENECA LODGE could possibly generate as much as $200,000 to $230,000 annual RENTAL INCOME . . . with TURN-KEY RENTAL MANAGEMENT in place.


At Arne Wellness Center, we believe in the medicine that we practice. Nothing is more important to us than having healthy and happy customers. It kills us when people in our life are living with discomfort, and if you are living in constant pain or discomfort, maybe it is time to make an chiropractic appointment with us. If you are not sure if you need an appointment, run through this list of things that say you might need to come in and see what we can do for you.
1. Chronic pain in joints or muscles that are not leaving even after traditional treatment.
If you have been taking medication for joint or muscle pain but it refuses to leave or has even gotten worse, please consider seeing one of our chiropractors. It might be an issue that the symptoms alone are not pointing to deeper in the nervous system.
A popular pain is from the hip down the leg, and is really common for people who have experienced an injury before and it has not completely healed. Other shooting pains suggest nervous system damage as well.
For example, if you sit in a desk all day at work and are experiencing different pains in your back, it could be because of posture. If your shoulders are uneven, head is positioned forward instead of directly above your shoulders, or if it is painful to sit up straight, it usually means that there are positioning issues to address and can lead to bigger issues.
If you have any of these issues, please consider visiting us!