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/ Faiths / Arch Bishop's letter: Storm in tea cup | Irfan Engineer
Arch Bishop's letter: Storm in tea cup | Irfan Engineer
Peoples Voice on May 28, 2018 - 5:38 pm in Faiths
Irfan Engineer
Centre for Study of Society and Secularism
The gross over reaction of Sangh Parivar to the letter of Archbishop of Delhi, Anil Couto, dated 8th May 2018 and addressed to all parish priests and religious institutions in the Archdiocese of Delhi asking them to pray for 'our nation' seems to be well calculated. The letter begins with the observation "[w]e are witnessing a turbulent political atmosphere which poses a threat to the democratic principles enshrined in our Constitution and the secular fabric of our nation". The letter then requests the 138 parish priests and 5 religious institutions withing Delhi to observe 'a Day of Fast every Friday … offering our penance and all our sacrifices for our spiritual renewal and that of our nation.' Assuming that the request is complied by all the 138 parish priests addressed in the letter, it is still a very tiny number.
Christians (including Protestants who are not addressed in the letter) are 0.87% of Delhi's population. The Hindu supremacists project the letter as a huge problem even when this very tiny section of the population was addressed which hardly counts politically! However, by responding to an otherwise innocuous letter, the BJP leaders have made it a national issue reaching out to a much wider audience.
The Hindu supremacists have problematized the timing of the letter – just one year before the General Elections, as well as the observation of the Archbishop "turbulent political atmosphere which poses threat to the democratic principles enshrined in our Constitution and secular fabric of our nation". The two most important persons after the PM Narendra Modi in the BJP and in the NDA Government responded to the letter. Rajnath Singh, Minister of Home Affairs said, "there was no discrimination against anyone". The letter made no claim to the contrary. Amit Shah's response was: "polarising people in the name of religion" was "not appropriate" (Mathew 2018). The letter remotely doesn't seek to polarize in the name of religion. In fact it calls upon to pray for principles enshrined in the Constitution and preserve secular fabric of the nation. Both the leaders, and others from Hindu supremacists read something that is not there in the letter or want to deliberately draw conclusions to give it a political colour.
Elections are one year later and the letter will be forgotten by most people. Even if remembered, a very tiny section could hardly influence the outcome of elections. Besides, elections are almost always round the corner in some state or the other and such a letter could always be problematized whenever written.
Turbulent political atmosphere
The surge in hate spouted by the Hindu supremacists against non-Hindus is visible to all. To the Hindutva followers, the test of nationalism is neither in following Constitutional values nor in respecting rule of law nor in respecting democratic institutions like the legislature or judiciary. Their test of nationalism asserts supremacy of the privileged upper caste Hindu traditions and is proved only if one says "jai shri Ram", "Bharat mata ki jai" and singing "Vande mataram" which, often they themselves cannot sing. Variants of these like "jai Hind" which is the tradition in security forces, or hoisting the national tricolour would not do. Expressing nationalism through constitutionally acceptable methods and plural traditions but which are not in conformity with the desires of Hindu supremacist becomes ground for them to indulge in violence and hate crimes. Violence against Muslims, Christians, Dalits and women are on rise. Social hostilities based on religion are on rise, particularly as the Hindu supremacists find an enabling environment where politically influential leaders and even ministers spout hatred against Muslims and Christians. Muslims are often advised to take permanent residency in Pakistan, an enemy state according to Hindu supremacists. Pakistan is projected to be patron state of Muslims in India. The BJP President Amit Shah publicly asserted while campaigning during Bihar Assembly elections – 'Pakistan will celebrate if BJP loses elections in some innocuous Indian state'. Beef eaters (read: Muslims and Christians) are advised to emigrate to Pakistan (Anil Vij, Minister in Haryana).
Ministers in Central Govt. Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti publicly stated that Hindus were progeny of Lord Ram (Ramzade) and the rest – Muslims, Christians, Jains, Sikhs, Buddhists, Parsis, atheists who do not accept Lord Ram to be their God are bastards (haramzade). The Sadhvi continues as minister and she was not even reprimanded. Maneka Gandhi, Union Minister said the profit from cow slaughter was financing terrorism. Sakshi Maharaj, BJP MP asserted that Madrasas religious schools run by Muslims were terrorist training centres. The person who asserted that Hindus should forcibly marry 100 Muslim women (and convert them to Hinduism) for every Hindu woman who chooses to marry a Muslim man (and gets converted to Islam), has been made chief minister of UP (FP Staff 2014).
Attacks on Churches and prayer meetings of Christians have dramatically increased. Instead of arresting the criminals, they are sought to be protected by categorising the attacker/s as mentally disturbed person/s. Mob lynching of Muslims and dalits on accusations consuming beef or slaughtering cows have grown manifold in the last four years.
Year No. of incidents
Table – 1: Incidents of mob lynching on accusation of cow slaughter:
Source: www.indiaspend.com & www.news18.com
Mohd. Afrajul was hacked to death and then burnt alive in Rajsamand (Rajasthan) by Shambhulal Raigar, a follower of Hindu supremacist ideology. He videographed the incident and uploaded for popularity. Junaid Khan and Mohammed Akhlaq were lynched to death. Recently a dalit youth Mukesh Vaniya was beaten to death in Rajkot for refusing to clean up a factory premise belonging to an upper caste. Those who lynched Pehlu Khan to death in Rajasthan have been discharged and the accused freed. Survivors of mob lynchings have on the contrary been charged.
Communal conflicts have escalated. Communal violence has increased in Bihar since Nitish Kumar aligned with the BJP to form the state government. Massive Ram Navmi processions were taken out in March 2018 in several towns through new sensitive routes passing through minority areas in order to provoke and resulting in communal violence. In Kasganj Muslims celebrating Republic Day were asked to halt their Indian flag hoisting to make way for a bike rally of Hindu supremacist and on requesting them to wait a little, they sparked off communal riot. In WB there were riots during Muharram and Ram Navmi. Religious festivals are becoming tense moments for communities.
Table – 2: Number of communal incidents in the years 2014-2017:
Year No. of Incidents Death Injured
Source: Ministry of Home Affairs' reply in Parliament
Crime against women are on increase. Rape in Kathua was motivated by religious hostility and the Hindu Ekta Manch organized massive demonstrations in defence of the accused. BJP MLA in UP has been arrested for raping a child and later beating her father to death along with other accomplice. We could fill pages with sordid cases. If these are not turbulent times, what else could be? The PM of the country has by and large remained silent on all these issues.
Pew Research Centre, an independent non-partisan polling and research organisation, has been publishing its annual Global Restrictions on Religion Report since 2009. In their research, India ranked fourth in the world in 2015 – after Syria, Nigeria and Iraq – as having the highest social hostilities involving religion. India's ranking worsened sharply since 2014. The report composes of two indices – the Government Restrictions Index and the Social Hostilities Index. While the former measures government restrictions on the free practice of religion, the latter looks at hostilities between groups around the issue of religion. The Social Hostilities Index looks at 13 indicators including crimes motivated by religious hatred, mob violence related to religion, communal violence, religion-related terrorist groups, using force to prevent religious groups from operating, the harassment of women for 'violating' religious dress codes and violence over conversion or proselytising. India ranked 'very high' on the index with an index value of 8.7 out of 10, 10 being the worst. Syria ranked at 9.2, Nigeria at 9.1 and Iraq at 8.9
Real reason
Hindu supremacist leaders problematize the Archbishop's letter as polarizing and influencing voters. Such a conclusion would be a very remote possibility, and as pointed out above, would not influence the outcome. However, appeal by varied Hindu God men is far more direct and materially influences electoral outcomes. To give just a few examples, Haryana Chief Minister and several ministers visited controversial God man Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh's Ashram and he is known to have appealed to his followers to vote for the BJP. The Ashram was beneficiary of Haryana Govt. funds. Another controversial God man Asaram was visited by the then Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi, BJP leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee and other leaders and his Ashram in turn has been beneficiary of Govt. largesse in the form of land and ignoring illegal activities going on within the Ashram. BJP leaders visit the Ashram for votes of course.
Baba Ramdev's Patanjali empire rapidly expanded after the BJP came to power. Patanjali's Acharya Balkrishna become the 8th richest person in the country after 173 per cent rise in his wealth to Rs 70,000 crore. Patanjali has secured a second place in Indian FMCG market share in under 5 years, according to Hurun India Rich List 2017 (BT Online 2017). The rapid growth is because Baba Ramdev openly associated with the BJP and was in turn given Govt. land at highly concessional rates in several states ruled by the BJP. Haryana Govt. invited Digamber Jain monk – Tarun Sagar to address the State Legislative Assemble for 40 minutes. In his address, he asserted that relations between religion and politics should like those between husband and wife. Just as wife needs to serve the husband and husband needs to protect wife, politics should serve religion. In his words, "Rajniti par dharam ka ankush zaroori hai. Dharam pati hai, rajneeti patni. Har pati ki yeh duty hoti hai apni patni ko samrakshan de. Har patni ka dharam hota hai ki woh pati ke anushasan ko sweekar kare. Agar rajneeti par dharam ka ankush na ho toh woh magan-mast haathi ki tarah… ho jaati hai." The Monk's assertion is absolutely against both – the Constitutional principle of equality of genders and secularism.
When other parties approach Imam Bukhari for Muslim votes, then that becomes anti-secular and even anti-national (although election results do not bear out that Muslims vote according to the diktats of Imam Bukhari or for that matter any other Muslim religious leaders. In the 2014 General Elections, Rajnath Singh hobnobbed with Shia religious leaders. It is difficult to believe that during election time such a visit by the BJP leader was only a courtesy call without any electoral and political motive.
The BJP is not worried that innocuous Archbishop's letter will contribute in any way towards losing even a few votes. Its real objective in problematizing the letter is that it wants to create a fear among the majority community about (non-existing) unity within the minority community. They scare the majority community that unity within minorities would lead to assertion of 'their' culture and dilution of the Hindu culture or 'Hinduness' of the nation. Minorities would struggle for secularism and space for their culture which is perfectly in accordance with our Constitutional principles but against the political ideology of Hindutva. It is the secularism and loyalty of the minorities to the principles enshrined in the Constitution that worries the Hindu supremacist and the BJP. The BJP leaders have always ridiculed secularism assickularism. BJP has problematized Archbishop's letter mainly because being from the minority community he has dared to speak up for the Constitutional principles and secular fabric of our nation.
The revered ideologue of Hindutva – M S Golwalkar – wanted that minorities should dream of nothing but the glory of Hindu (read upper caste) nation and Hindu upper caste traditions and symbols. Hindu supremacists' objective is to relegate the minorities to the status of second class citizens. Bharatkumar Raut, former Rajya Sabha member of Shiv Sena – a party that subscribes to Hindutva ideology – even wrote an article demanding that the Muslims be disenfranchised – a demand which is punishable offence under section 153B of the IPC.
It is the idea of equality of all citizens that scares the BJP though it pays lip service to sabka saath sabka vikaas (with everyone and development of everyone). The lip service, even in its sincere implementation would actually negate democratic principles enshrined in our Constitution. It only asserts that if infrastructure of an area is developed, all communities would benefit 'equally'. However, that is not true. If a road passes through a village the fellows having vehicles would benefit more than others in absence of affirmative action; and which village gets the road itself is a political decision and may be based on which community or caste forms the majority in the village.
What kind of new India do we want to build – One where lynch mobs undermine rule of law have the freedom to do so because they belong to majority religion and those who advocate for democratic principles enshrined in our Constitution and the secular fabric of our nation are questioned because they belong to minorities?
Anil Couto Archbishop delhi
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Nopali Server Help
Nopali Backup & Restore
Backing Up The Nopali Database
The Nopali Administrator Application is used to manage database backups and restoration. Go to the 'Server' tab and look at the lower third of the panel.
Lower Third of Nopali Server Panel
To create an immediate backup, simply press the 'Create Backup' button. After selecting a save location for the backup, the backup system will create a package. Using this method of backing up, users will still be allowed to use the database, but the database will run more slowly. You may need to do this if you are transferring the database to a new computer, although in this case, it would probably be better to make a backup without any users connected.
The Nopali Server application will also allow you to automatically create backups once a day at a pre-set time. Press the 'Create backup automatically' checkbox to enable this function:
Create Backup Automatically
The default setting for automatic backups is set to 2 am. For this backup to be performed, the computer hosting the database should never go to sleep. Use the computer Energy Saver section of the System Preferences to make the sleep setting adjustments.
You can change the default backup settings and see where the backup copy is being kept by pressing the 'Change Schedule' button. A sheet with details of the scheduled backups will drop down:
Details of Scheduled Backups
The details sheet allows you to modify the triggered backups. Note that you must press the 'Change Schedule' button to save any modifications.
As you can see in the details sheet, the automatic backups are performed once daily. The backup package is saved to a fixed location ( the default being /Library/Application Support/Nopali/Backups/ ). You can change the location of the backup by pressing the 'Change' button in the note box. Each day, a snapshot of the previous day's database changes will be added to the existing backup package. It is your reponsibility to ensure that this new backup is saved to a different hard drive by using a dedicated backup program like Time Machine or an online backup service like Crashplan.
Nopali Admin will also allow you to send an email message after the automated backup process is completed. To set this up, press the button found next to 'Send Email'.
Restoring The Nopali Database
Whenever a backup of the database is performed, the end result is a backup package that is saved to the hard drive:
Nopali Backup Package
To restore the database from a backup package, you can either press the 'Restore From Backup' button on the Nopali Server panel and select the desired package to restore from. Or, you can simply double-click on the backup package itself.
To move the database to a new computer, just copy a backup package to the new computer and double-click on the package icon. Make sure you delete the database from the old computer only after you have verified that the restore has worked on the new computer and that the transferred database is functional.
Using Time Machine
Time Machine comes built-into Mac OS X. It is a fantastic program that will allow you to easily backup your computer and retrieve important files in the event of a hard drive failure. With regards to backing up Nopali using Time Machine, there are a few things to keep in mind:
Enable Automated Database Backups: Using the method described above, use the Nopali Server to create an automated backup into the location '/Library/Application Support/Nopali/Backups/'. Time Machine will then be able to save a copy of this backup file each time it is created.
Use Time Machine For Nopali Restore: If you have to restore your computer following a hard drive failure, you MUST manually restore the database using one of the backup files that have been saved. Using the Time Machine interface, go to '/Library/Application Support/Nopali/Backups/' and get a copy of the most recently saved backup package. Restore using the backup package as described above.
Offsite Backups
As mentioned above, Nopali can create a backup file each day, when set properly. Time Machine can then be used to make a copy of this backup file to a nearby Time Capsule device. In order to have an offsite copy of the backup file, you can use one of many cloud-based services, such as Crashplan and Backblaze. You can go their websites for further information.
Nopali Server Topics
Basic Database Functions
Updating Nopali
Database Backup & Restore
Uninstalling Nopali

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Campaign on Terror
London Bombings
Imprisoning Democracy
Saudi Arabia: Competition between Islamic channels peaks in Ramadan
By FATIMA SIDIYA
JEDDAH, (Arab News): The Al-Risalah Islamic channel, owned by Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, is to launch three channels — two for children and another religious channel for non-Arabs who live in the West, said Tarik Al-Suwaidan, the channel's head.
Al-Suwaidan did not specify when the channels would be launched.
He did, however, say that the new channel for Muslims in the West will not broadcast Arabic programs that appear on Al-Risalah dubbed into English or with subtitles, something that he said would not prove successful.
"There is no room for making a mistake with this channel," said Al-Suwaidan, adding that there are only four English religious channels in the region.
He added that the broadcasters would like to have two full-time children's channels to compete with the existing ones.
"There is no way that a child will leave his favorite full-time channel to watch our channel for two hours and then go back. We will therefore have to compete with other full-time children's channels," he said.
There are about 10 children's channels in the Arab world.
Al-Risalah is now competing with about 60 religious channels in the region that receive around 12 percent of the region's viewers. Religious channels also tend to compete with each other to attract popular sheikhs, especially during Ramadan.
Al-Risalah's main competitor is Iqra, which is owned by Saudi businessman Saleh Kamil.
Al-Risalah, said Al-Suwaidan, has managed to attract 4 percent of Saudi viewers this year, compared to only 2 percent last year. He added that the channel is not targeting conservative elements within the Kingdom who don't want to see women on television and want religious channels to not play music.
"This group constitutes only 2 million of the Saudi population and we are not competing to satisfy them," he said.
Religious channels also describe their presenters, who are often scholars, as stars, a term that is usually associated with singers and actors.
Asked about the usage of the word, Al-Suwaidan said a star is someone popular and not necessarily a singer or an actor. "It is better to associate the term with scholars rather than actors or singers. This would make the youth more attached to religious figures," he said.
Speaking about the amount of money the channel makes, Al-Suwaidan said that the SMS service generates only $50,000 to $80,000 a year.
"We are patient and will wait until we get more viewers, then the advertisers will come," said Al-Suwaidan, adding that the channel generated $900,000 last year in advertisements and that it hopes to generate $2 million this year.
http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article97872.ece
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Geoffrey Robertson just wrote an opinion in the guardian, pushing for the return of the Parthenon artifacts.
"Reuniting the marbles is a cultural imperative, not so much for Greece (its current citizens are of doubtful descent from Pericles) as for Europe. United, they will stand as a unique representation of the beginnings of civilised life in Europe, 2,500 years ago. It will be like putting together a photograph long torn in half, recording people walking and talking, playing and (particularly) drinking. United in the custom-built modern museum beneath the Parthenon, the marbles will be the greatest artistic and architectural treasure on the continent.


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Sainsbury & Fisher Ltd
( Jan 25, 2016) Sainsbury & Fisher Ltd were at 53 High St., Andover from 1951 until the town redevelopment when they moved to Union Street in the late 1960's. Although a small shop, it was for many years the only place in the district to get specialised musical merchandise. The staff was mainly friendly and would indifferently put up with people just listening to records & not buying. Music was played in the department - no booths. One of the 1951 founders Maud Sainsbury (nee Clarke) had been connected with three former Andover music shops since just before WW I namely E. Price & Son (from Bournemouth, Est in Andover circe 1906) which were succeeded by A.D. Robbins in the mid 1920's which in turn became (the Andover branch of) Teague & King in 1932 until 1951. Sainsbury Fisher Ltd certainly had it's gentle following - many were the people that remember taking music lessons above the shop as well - and Pete Staples of the Troggs recalls getting his first Bass amp there. Regretably no pictures have so far surfaced of the memorable shop frontages. The store finally closed not long after Mr Uva Sainsbury died who together with Gilbert Fisher and his son John had provided a long radio, t.v. music and records Andover retailing service. Comment: Phil Farlow


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Listowel Banner • Local News • News
COVID-19 outbreaks declared in two Listowel schools, Livingstone Manor
by Colin Burrowes
HURON-PERTH – COVID-19 outbreaks have been declared at two schools and one retirement residence in Listowel.
In a media call on Dec. 3, Huron Perth's medical officer of health, Dr. Miriam Klassen, announced 18 new cases of COVID-19 in the region. These new cases bring the cumulative total for the region to 362, with 52 currently active.
"The majority of the new cases are contacts of confirmed cases," said Klassen.
Northside Christian School and St. Mary's Public School, both in Listowel, are in outbreak. Northside remains closed and a cohort has been dismissed at St Mary's.
Schools with active cases where a cohort or classmates had to be dismissed include Ann Hathaway in Stratford, Listowel District Secondary School, Goderich District Collegiate Institute and Central Huron Secondary School in Clinton, but in all of those, there has been no evidence of further transmission.
"We identify bus cohorts and ask them to dismiss as well," said Klassen.
Klassen issues order allowing fines for not complying with Public Health directions
Northside Christian School remains closed, four positive cases at St. Mary's Catholic School
HPPH recommends cloth masks over plastic 'mingle masks' for better source protection
Two retirement homes and one long-term care facility are in outbreak.
Cedarcroft Place Retirement Home has had a total of 47 confirmed cases in residents and 23 in staff. Two residents who were decanted to hospital and were nearing the end of their 14-day isolation period received positive test results on surveillance, so they remain in isolation in hospital.
"The fact they became positive so close to the end of their isolation is under investigation if there was a different source," said Klassen.
Five community members not related to the Cedarcroft outbreak are in hospital with COVID-related symptoms.
A new outbreak has been declared at Livingstone Manor in Listowel after an asymptomatic staff member tested positive during routine surveillance testing.
The outbreak at Knollcrest Lodge in Milverton was declared over Dec. 3 and an outbreak at Spruce Lodge in Stratford is expected to be declared over in a few days.
So far, no tickets have been issued under the Section 22 Class Order that came into effect last Sunday in Huron-Perth.
Klassen spoke to worries that people from higher transmission areas might travel to lower transmission areas to participate in activities that are currently not permitted in their home region.
"The provincial framework does state that people are advised to not travel from higher levels of transmission to lower area levels of transmission except for essential reasons," she said.
"There are lots of essential reasons. Some people work across borders or are transporting goods we need … it would be very hard to stop all traffic from coming in and knowing who is coming from where."
Huron Perth Public Health (HPPH) has recommended to local municipalities and organizations that they should discourage visits and bookings from people from higher-level areas of transmission.
Klassen said businesses, organizations and households need to be vigilant about the measures they put into place for protection.
"If businesses and organizations are doing a really good job of active screening, keeping the two-metre distance, enhanced cleaning – then the risk of transmission is very low," she said.
"What our cases are showing us, what the cases across Ontario are showing us is that it is people that give each other COVID so it is that close human interaction that causes transmission."
"A vaccine is now within our sight – that's going to change things but of course we can't get the vaccine into that many arms all at once. That is going to take months."
– Dr. Miriam Klassen, medical officer of health for Huron Perth
Klassen does not want to speculate about whether Huron-Perth could be moved into the red alert level.
"The picture of COVID in Huron Perth changes very rapidly and has been doing that over the last eight months," she said.
"Based on my look at the data right now that would put us into the orange (alert level), but the Ministry (of Health) has other considerations as well that I may not be privy to. At this time the numbers are still, in my view, going in the wrong direction and are high. HPPH staff are still able to do case and contact management but we're following over 50 cases and over 350 contacts right now."
Klassen emphasized that being concerned about where the positive cases are happening right now is the wrong way to look at the situation because that transmission could have happened two weeks ago.
"We need to continue to behave as though we are capable of transmitting the virus to somebody else unknowingly and that everyone we encounter is capable of transmitting the virus to us," she said.
"A vaccine is now within our sight – that's going to change things but of course we can't get the vaccine into that many arms all at once. That is going to take months. In the meantime, we're going to have to continue these Public Health measures to continue to protect our most vulnerable populations, to protect our health system capacity, and to give our health care workers a break because there are a lot of them who have been working very hard for a very long time."
Colin Burrowes is a Local Journalism Initiative Reporter with the Listowel Banner. The Local Journalism Initiative is funded by the Government of Canada.
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Hello Shenzhen: meet the UK makers
Our open call to UK makers for residency opportunities in Shenzhen received many exciting applications and we are now very pleased to announce the selected makers.
Through in-depth residencies the Hello Shenzhen programme aims to build stronger links between UK and Chinese making practices, supporting meaningful collaboration and deepening learning between the two countries. The recipients will work with our host partners in Shenzhen on a variety of themes, including maker education, sustainability and product design innovation.
The makers will immerse themselves in the rich Shenzhen making and manufacturing ecosystem and work collaboratively on the residency projects with local makers, designers, academics, startups or creative organisations. The recipients will regularly record their journey through blogs, photos and videos and share the outcomes of their residency during public events.
The six makers will fly to Shenzhen over the weekend of 4 March and will be invited to stay until 28 March to take part in celebratory events in Shenzhen at the end of the residencies. On 2 March they will also travel to Edinburgh to take part in a Global Maker Event with makers and experts from Shenzhen, South Africa, Nigeria, Turkey, Mexico, Ukraine and the UK, as well as attend Maker Assembly Edinburgh.
Find out more about the selected makers below:
Jo Ashbridge
How to improve life in rural village with Fablabs, jointly hosted by SZOIL, Shanzhai City and Future+
Jo Ashbridge is the Founder and Director of architecture charity, AzuKo. The nonprofit works with disadvantaged communities to improve living conditions, both in the UK and further afield such as Bangladesh. AzuKo is an organisation that believes in the power of participatory design to address some of the world's toughest problems.
Jo's passion lies in humanitarian work, disaster relief response and sustainable development. Her portfolio includes constructing one room shelters in Vietnam, authoring guidelines for T-shelters post disaster and researching earthen architecture in low income communities across south Asia.
In 2015, Jo consulted for the World Bank assessing their cyclone shelter programme along the Bay of Bengal and providing design, maintenance and operational improvements. Current work at AzuKo ranges from incremental slum upgrading and remote school playspace design in northwest Bangladesh, to placemaking research responding to unforced evictions in London.
Integral to her work is the idea of prototyping and learning through doing. She's keen to get hands-on and is not afraid to fail as that's where she believes we gain the greatest insights.
Jo is determined to grow the impact of participatory design, and regularly speaks on architecture for international development. This year she joins the jury for Shelter Global's international Dencity competition (www.shelterglobal.org).
Ross Atkin
Design process and creative problem-solving, hosted by Design Society
Ross Atkin is a designer and engineer based in East London. He is interested in digital technology, older and disabled people and public space. He maintains an independent practice where he works on projects than combine at least two of these areas for clients like Marshalls, Transport for London and Stannah.
Ross has a strong interest in making design and engineering more visible and accessible to young people. He was part of the 'Fix Team' on the BBC2's flagship maker-focused program 'The Big Life Fix' and started The Crafty Robot to radically lower the barriers for young people to getting into creative making.
Ross's work has been displayed in the Design Museum's Designs of the Year exhibition and Fast Company Magazine's Innovation By Design Awards. He is also recognised internationally as an expert on the Internet of Things having been invited to speak on the subject at high profile technology and design conferences from San Francisco and Austin to Johannesburg and Beirut.
Martin Goodfellow
Make amazing things hosted by Makeblock
Martin is a computer science educator and maker, with a strong interest in robotics. Martin develops and consults on educational software and making workshops. Past projects include Hackstage Pass, a coding game for BBC Radio 1's big weekend to get more teenagers interested in coding. Currently, Martin is Coder in Residence for Glasgow Life which involves developing a sustainable framework of CoderDojo coding clubs for young people throughout Glasgow's Libraries.
Katrine Hesseldahl and Victor Strimfors
Fab City Now hosted by Future+
Katrine is currently studying a Master Degree in Product Design at Royal College of Art in London and calls herself "Maker of invitations to positive change". Her work aims to intrigue, interest and invite people to take steps in the direction towards a more sustainable, fair, fun and beautiful future for our society. She is deeply concerned with the scale and complexity of the problems our world is facing today, e.g. climate change, pollution, overuse of our resources, social inequality, and feels a natural responsibility to be part of creating solutions for these problems. For the residency in Shenzhen Katrine is working on a new model for sustainable distributed manufacturing of products in collaboration with Victor Strimfors.
Victor is currently studying a Master's Degree in Product Design at the Royal College of Art in London. Focusing on sustainability and human centered design on the Exploring Emergent Futures Platform, tutored by James Tooze and Tomas Diez. Victor graduated with a Bachelor Degree in Product Design from Central Saint Martins in 2014 and has 3 years professional experience working at the forefront of mass customisation and digital manufacturing, designing customisable products, concepts and experiences.For the residency in Shenzhen Victor is working on a new model for sustainable distributed manufacturing of products in collaboration with Katrine Hesseldahl.
3D printing for innovative applications, hosted by Pineprint
Laura Martinez is a Spanish researcher and designer based in London. Martinez's work explores the boundaries between digital technologies and craftsmanship, questioning how traditional, craft techniques can be implemented and combined with digital processes. With over ten years experience working in the areas of fashion, art and textiles, she specialises in technology and material research for surface design.
Martinez holds a MA in Design for Material Futures from Central Saint Martins (UAL) and a diploma in Fashion Design from the University of East London.
Helen Steer
MakerEd for Social Impact hosted by Litchee Lab
Helen Steer is an educator, maker and award-winning educational writer. She believes in learning through making, doing and playing. Helen has delivered projects for National Geographic, Intel Education and National Parks. Her favourite makes last year were a wearable synth, a remote control robot unicorn and a 3D printed xun.
Helen is the founder of Do It Kits, a start up that makes it fun and easy to teach with new technologies. Do It Kits get new technologies and maker methodologies into STEAM secondary school classrooms, delivering robust learning in a playful, hands-on way.
Hello Shenzhen is a partnership between the British Council, The Shenzhen Foundation for International Exchange and Cooperation and Shenzhen Open Innovation Lab.
Hello Shenzhen is developed in partnership with Liz Corbin, Institute of Making, UCL
Supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council
With thanks to Kickstarter for their in-kind support
Hello Shenzhen
A bilateral residency exchange programme connecting makers in the UK and China
Marc Barto
From repair culture to 3D printed panda: Shenzhen makers residencies in the UK
In March 2017 seven UK makerspaces and creative organisations hosted makers from Shenzhen. Find out in our video reports what the makers and hosts accomplished together during the residencies...
Guest blog: Nothing is more powerful than an idea
Hello Shenzhen participant Jo Ashbridge on her SZOIL/ShanzhaiCity/Future+ residency...
Guest blog: Exploring the ecosystem of Shenzhen's urban villages
Katrine Hesseldahl and Victor Strimfors are half-way through their residency with Future+ as part of Hello Shenzhen. Below they're sharing some of their experiences of exploring the urban villages within Shenzhen.
CRL guest blog: Shenzhen speed - fail fast and succeed fast
"Shenzhen is a working city, you don't have time for much else here."
How to start me up: building my creative hub →
Senior Programme Manager, Tech for Social Impact (6 month role)


text:
Vol. 12 No. 3 (2020): KMUJ 2020; VOL 12; ISSUE 3 - JUL - SEP
FUTURE OF ONLINE MEDICAL EDUCATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE COVID-19 EXPERIENCE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2020.20753
Education, Medical Education, Medical, Undergraduate COVID-19 Pakistan Online education Education, Distance
Usman Mahboob
Director, Institute of Health Professions Education & Research, Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar, Pakistan
Chief Editor, Khyber Medical University Journal; Professor, Department of Medicine, Khyber Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences (KMU-IMS), Kohat, Pakistan
COVID-19 pandemic led to global disruption of educational system and adversely affected about 1.6 billion learners, from schools to universities, across the world.1 Like any other field, Covid-19 changed the panorama of medical education in general and clinical training in particular.2 The major challenge for teachers and learners was to come out of comfort zones and shift to complete online education. This shift in routine would have been more of research-based but due to the pandemic situation it turned out to be more of experiential-based followed by research around those experiences. Major problems faced during switching from conventional to online education were technology-related including unequal distribution of technology infrastructure, student engagement/interaction in online education, blurring boundaries between personal and professional life, time management, low-level preparedness, competencies for e-learning, and lack of practical and clinical experience.2,3 The adaptations of medical education probably met the speed of the spread of the infection. The adaptations have ranged from different aspects of teaching to assessment, and have also included student engagement, development of online resources, digital clinical experiences, virtual bedside teaching rounds, mentoring, online conferences, and faculty development initiatives.4-10 The future of medical education has been previously discussed in the context of curricular changes, trends, identity, power and location.11-13 The experience of the Covid-19 has further emphasized that the medical education trends and curricula would keep on changing, such as the need for developing competencies for e-learning, and some of these changes would be unpredictable.11 Moreover, the professional identity, that is, "how we think of/about ourselves?" keeps on shaping during the course of health professionals' academic qualification and passing through various professional experiences.14 Switching to online medical education will shape our identity as health professionals and will indirectly change our power dynamics such as; between patient and doctors, teachers and students, and doctors versus other health professionals.14 Similarly, the post-colonial divide between the eastern and western cultures in the context of medical education has also been somewhat defused after observing the response, fragility, and adaptability of medical education systems across different nations.
Some of the questions that we may foresee, based on these experiences are: how to prepare for the 'lack of preparedness' and uncertainty? how to address the reduced experiential learning time? how extreme situations and environments will influence medical education? and how medical education can do its job effectively in extreme situations? Few suggestions are already given in the literature to prepare our students in uncertainty such as, introducing epidemiology/evidence-based medicine modules, undergraduate research training, cognitive biases modules, and training students to understand and manage their professional and personal limitations.15,16 Moreover, research should be focused on uncertainties and how to manage them? Further, the focus of our curricula, which still is predominantly on recall, should be on critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
In response to the reduced experiential learning time at workplace, more focus would be on simulation-based training akin to training of pilots, to ensure both the doctor and patient safety in the workplace. There was also a debate during the Covid-19 whether to include undergraduate students in workplace, considering their safety, and if they are trained enough? The initial evidence showed encouraging results regarding effective & active involvement of medical students as frontline support during Covid-19 pandemic and it merits further research.17
The extreme situations may not only be in the form of pandemics but environmental changes, disasters and conflicts.3 Again, simulation-based training to mimic such conditions has been used to train our students for the future.18 Specific optional modules can be developed such as 'extreme physiology' that usually is emphasized in military, navy and air force for high altitude and deep sea courses. These courses or modules can be introduced as student selected components to prepare the students for future environmental changes, disasters and conflicts.
The future is bringing many opportunities in terms of artificial intelligence and robotic surgeries that will reduce our reliance on remembrance and surgical skills, but it also may bring some undesirable events, such as the current pandemic. Therefore, the medical curricula, our instructional designs, teaching and assessment methods, our roles as teachers will all evolve and the individuals and institutions that adapt would emerge as the leaders of the future.
Mahboob, U., and A. Sherin. "FUTURE OF ONLINE MEDICAL EDUCATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE COVID-19 EXPERIENCE". KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL, vol. 12, no. 3, Sept. 2020, pp. 175-6, doi:10.35845/kmuj.2020.20753.
United Nations. Policy Brief: Education during COVID-19 and beyond. August 2020. [Accessed on: August 24, 2020]. Available from URL: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/08/sg_policy_brief_covid-19_and_education_august_2020.pdf.
Dedeilia A, Sotiropoulos MG, Hanrahan JG, Janga D, Dedeilias P, Sideris M. Medical and surgical education challenges and innovations in the COVID-19 era: A Systematic Review. In Vivo 2020;34(3 Suppl):1603-11. DOI:10.21873/invivo.11950.
Dhawan S. Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. J Educ Technol Syst 2020;49(1):5-22.
Gaber DA, Shehata MH, Amin HAA. Online team-based learning sessions as interactive methodologies during the pandemic. Med Educ 2020;54(7):666-7. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14198.
Hannon P, Lappe K, Griffin C, Roussel D, Colbert-Getz J. An objective structured clinical examination: From examination room to Zoom breakout room. Med Educ 2020;54(9):861. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14241.
Chandra S, Laoteppitaks C, Mingioni N, Papanagnou D. Zooming-out COVID-19: Virtual clinical experiences in an emergency medicine clerkship. Med Educ 2020; 10.1111/medu.14266. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14266.
Hofmann H, Harding C, Youm J, Wiechmann W. Virtual bedside teaching rounds with patients with COVID-19. Med Educ 2020; 10.1111/medu.14223. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14223.
Kazerooni AR, Amini M, Tabari P, Moosavi M. Peer mentoring for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic via a social media platform. Med Educ 2020; 54(8):762-3. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14206.
Nadarajah VD, Er HM, Lilley P. Turning around a medical education conference: Ottawa 2020 in the time of COVID-19. Med Educ 2020;54(8):760–1. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14197.
Eltayar AN, Eldesoky NI, Khalifa H, Rashed S. Online faculty development using cognitive apprenticeship in response to COVID-19. Med Educ 2020;54(7):665-6. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14190.
Mahboob U, Evans P. Key steps for managing changes in the curriculum. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2015; 25(2):85-6.
Gwee MCE. Medical education: issues, trends, challenges and opportunities. SMA News 2003;35(2):5-8.
Bleakley A, Bligh J, Browne J. Medical Education for the Future: Identity, Power and Location. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011.
Jawed S, Mahboob U, Yasmeen R. Digital professional identity: Dear Internet! Who am I? Educ Health 2019 Jan 1;32(1):33.
Tonelli MR, Upshur REG. A philosophical approach to addressing uncertainty in medical education. Acad Med 2019;94(4):507–11.
Royce CS, Hayes MM, Schwartzstein RM. Teaching critical thinking: a case for instruction in cognitive biases to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient safety. Acad Med 2019 Feb;94(2):187-194. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002518.
Klasen JM, Meienberg A, Nickel C, Bingisser R. SWAB team instead of SWAT team: Medical students as a frontline force during the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Educ 2020; 10.1111/medu.14224. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14224.
Pietsch U, Ney L, Kreuzer O, Berner A, Lischke V. Helicopter emergency medical service simulation training in the extreme: simulation-based training in a mountain weather chamber. Air Med J 2017;36(4):193-4.
Wafa Omer, Riaz Shahbaz Janjua, Jamilah Riaz, Saira Jawed, Momin Iqbal, STRESSORS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGE IN ACADEMIC AND SOCIAL ATTRIBUTES DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT ON MEDICAL STUDENTS , KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL: Vol. 13 No. 3 (2021): KMUJ 2021; VOL 13; ISSUE 3 - JUL - SEP
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The PRESIDENT - The honorable senator cannot second the motion and afterwards move an amendment.
(c) The extended period for which such improved and accelerated service shall continue. shall be determined by arbitration inthe event of the parties failing to agree. That provision means, if it means anything at all, that this alteration of the contract can be made by the Postmaster-General, and that the extended period is not limited in any way whatever. It can go beyond the term mentioned in the contract.
Senator Keating - I think it would be subject to the term mentioned in the contract.
Senator MACFARLANE - In case of a disagreement, the matter is to go to arbitration, and the arbitrators are to be the final court of appeal, because their decision can be made a rule of the High Court. So that we might very easily be landed on the horns of a dilemma, and our contract might be found to be for a very much extended period. There is another point which I suggest for the consideration of the Minister. In clause 11 of the agreement, it is provided that the steamers of the contracting company " shall be of at least 11,000 tons registered tonnage." The Minister this afternoon, like the Prime Minister in another place, wasvery cautious in his explanation of what "registered tonnage" meant.
Senator Millen - There was no caution about Mr. Deakin. He said that it meant what it meant.
Senator Guthrie - It means what is put on the hulls of ships by the Board of Trade after deduction of space , for boilers, bunkers, and crew.
Senator MACFARLANE - The Merchant Shipping Act, section 7, requires that the registered tonnage shall be cut into the beams of the vessel. That condition is carried out in the case of the vessels owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company by the registered tonnage being cut and painted on the beams in indelible letters; and that is the only register officially recognised. It is the tonnage on which the vessels pay their dues. Section 77 of the Merchant Shipping Act mentions how that register tonnage is to be arrived at. The matter is also dealt with in section 79. It is provided that to ascertain the registered tonnage certain deductions shall be made from the space included in the measurement tonnage. Othersections dealing with the matter follow, leading to the natural assumption that there is only one "registered tonnage," and that is the net registered tonnage of a vessel.
Senator Clemons - " Registered tonnage " equals net tonnage, and it never meansanything else.
Senator MACFARLANE - Yes. Therefore, when this contract says that the registered tonnage of the vessels shall be 11,000 tons, it means, if it means anything, net tonnage; that is to say, vesselsabout twice the size of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company's steamers which visit our ports. If we are going to leave this provision as it stands, it will be open to any one to commence legal proceedings against the contractors if these steamers are not up to the registered tonnage specified. I have no wish tosee this contract made null and void. Therefore, I shall not move the insertionof either the word " net " or the word "gross" ; but I suggest that some alteration in this direction is necessary. Some yearsago, under the States laws, Chinese Immigration Acts were passed limiting the number of Chinamen introduced to one for every 500 tons register of the vessels which brought them. In South Australia, someof the steam-ship owners held that they were entitled, in this connexion, to have regard to the gross tonnage ; but that was objected to by the South Australian Government, and it was held in law that it should apply to the net registered tonnage. I amaware that in former years, in Victoria, some Chinamen were admitted on the gross tonnage ; but we need not go into these matters, because the Commonwealth now prevents Chinese immigration under different conditions. When the Prime Minister says that the vessels under the agreement are to be much larger and better than any which now visit Australia, he evidently ha"s it in his mind that the term "' registered tonnage " means the net registered tonnage.
Senator Best - Thev will be very fine vessels if that is what is meant.
Senator de Largie - Does the Prime Minister say that the net registered tonnage is meant?
Senator MACFARLANE - No ; and I fancy that the Prime Minister does not know what is meant.
Senator Best - It is a pity that the Senate does not know what agreement it is entering into.
Senator MACFARLANE - I have here the British Merchant Shipping Act, which is verv clear in its directions as to how the tonnage of vessels is to be arrived at.
Senator Fraser - The shape of a vessel has a lot to do with the matter.
Senator Mulcahy - -Yes; but "registered tonnage " is a well-known term to nautical men.
Senator Fraser - Two vessels may be of the same registered tonnage, but their carrying capacities may be very different.
The Board of Trade mav exempt any class of ships from all or any of the requirements of this section.
The tonnage of every ship to be registered, with the exceptions hereinafter mentioned, shall, previously to her being registered, be ascertained by Rule r in the Second Schedule to this Act, and the tonnage of every ship to which that Rule 1 can be applied, whether she is about to be registered or not, shall be ascertained by the same rule.
The rule in. the section sets out how the measurements are to be taken ; and it is made very clear how the registered, tonnage is to be arrived at. I suggest to the Government the advisability of consulting some of their legal friends.
Senator Col Neild - - Let us make it clear now by providing that " registered tonnage " shall be as denned by the British Merchant Shipping Act.
Senator MACFARLANE - I have no desire to endanger a good contract by an amendment of the kind. I should like a little more information about those who are associated with Sir James Laing and Sons. Some very influential names have been mentioned.
Senator Best - But these firms are not bound by the agreement.
Senator MACFARLANE - That is so. I understand that most of those other firms are not ship-builders, but engine-builders; and, no doubt, they would be only too glad to get contracts on condition of' taking a few shares in the mail company. That, I take it, is the reason for their association with Sir James Laing and' Sons. These associated firms are not directors in the contracting company, which, so far as we know, have no ships of their own at the present time.


These are genuine comments received by us from participants on our tours. Many of our tour participants have offered to vouch for us. If you would like to communicate with someone who has already been on our tours please let us know and we'll put you in touch.
�Fantastic tour of Mt Bromo by Graeme� Kudos to Graeme for making us have such a fantastic time at the tour. Highly informative, knowledgeable and well-read. Really interesting and warm person. Graeme made sure that we had a comfortable tour and all the arrangements were perfect. We highly recommend him for tours in Indonesia and hopefully do many more tours with him in future.
Our guide Graeme was wonderful and had such vast knowledge of Surabaya. We booked this tour with him as were very impressed with his reviews on TripAdvisor. He has a very good website that explains a little about himself, and his tours. We were coming in for the day, and he was picking us up at the cruise ship terminal. He was certainly able to give us a great tour of China Town, Arab Quarter, House of Sampoerna, the working harbour, and so much more. I would have no hesitation in recommending Graeme�s services, as you can tell he loves what he is doing.
Graeme was able to accommodate me on very short notice for a Saturday tour of the historical sights of Surabaya. When you have someone as friendly and knowledgeable as him as your guide, the chaotic surface of this overwhelming city makes way for an understanding of the history that has shaped it and the culture that currently blooms in it. I was taken to all the mayor sights, as well as some important ones that I haven't read about anywhere on my internet searches and which I am sure are not even accessible to the general public. Graeme also went out of his way to accommodate my requests and adjusted his itinerary as the day went along to include things he thought I might find interesting. Thanks Graeme for introducing me, not only to Surabaya, but to Indonesia as well.
Met all our expectations--and then some! We had an excellent day with Graeme! We covered everything that we wanted to see in Surabaya -- and then some. I don't write elaborate reviews. What I say here is, simply, I can recommend Graeme and his services unhesitatingly!
A Great Tour - Educational and Engaging� Graeme was able to take us to places that were not usually visited by tourists or public. He was very knowledgeable with Surabaya's history, cultural background, and made it very interesting. This tour is very local and authentic, and was one of the best tours and tour guides we had on our Indonesian trip, definitely recommend.


Tokyo: Spanish football player Andrés Iniesta on Tuesday took up a new role as the face of Japan's tourist organisation (JNTO) in a deal to promote the country's attractions in a series of videos that officials hoped would bring more European visitors to the Asian nation.
The former Barcelona midfielder, who solidified himself as a hero at the Catalan club after a 16-year stint in the first team until he transferred to Vissel Kobe in the summer, featured in a series of videos that offered viewers a chance to see "Japan through Iniesta's eyes," reports Efe news.
In the campaign, the 34-year-old explores some of the gastronomy and cultural offerings not only of his new hometown Kobe but also Nara.
His new side job was published just four days after the soccer player met Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe in Tokyo, with whom he expressed his desire to learn more about the country and its geography.
The tourism campaign was launched alongside a raffle in which participants can win prizes ranging from hats, signed by Barcelona soccer balls, to return trips to Japan.
The tourism portal is a collaboration between JNTO and a travel company belonging to electronics giant Rakuten, which also owns Vissel and currently sponsors Barcelona.


Meet the people who help make The HT Group what it is today and what it will be in the future. Our dedicated leadership team inspired greatness, encourages innovation, and keeps the momentum moving forward.
After graduating from the University of Texas, a friend connected Claire Reese with a recruiting firm in Houston in the unfortunate year of 2001. Despite the complications of a floundering economy, this period shaped Claire as a sales professional who is persistent and willing to put in work to get results (something she also learned during her first sales job in high school: selling men's ties). After four years, Claire moved to Austin to take on the challenge of a new city, becoming the Regional Sales Manager for Burnett Staffing and meeting Mark through her involvement with AHRMA.


· Use a logical methodology to troubleshoot the common types of hardware and software problems typically encountered in the day-to-day operations of a department in an organization.
· Understand the role of technology in the business context.
· Relate business problems and information technology solutions.
· Demonstrate appropriate technical reporting skills.
· Deploy software to client computer using Windows Server 2012.
· Applying operating system updates, patches, and configuration changes.
Communicate effectively with fellow IT staff & users of information systems.
» Demonstrate an understanding of problem solving techniques, and how to apply them in a technical environment.
» Demonstrate an understanding of Computer Technology Principles.
» Select and use materials and equipment safely for technological purposes.
Install and perform minor repairs to hardware, software, and peripheral equipment, following design or installation specifications. Oversee the daily performance of computer systems. Set up equipment for employee use, performing or ensuring proper installation of cable, operating systems, and appropriate software. Maintain record of daily data communication transactions, problems and remedial action taken, and installation activities. Read technical manuals, confer with users, and conduct computer diagnostics to investigate and resolve problems and to provide technical assistance and support. Confer with staff, users, and management to establish requirements for new systems or modifications.
Install and support LANs, WANs, network segments, Internet, and intranet systems. Install and maintain network hardware and software. Analyze and isolate issues. Monitor networks to ensure security and availability to specific users. Evaluate and modify system's performance. Identify user needs. Determine network and system requirements. Maintain integrity of the network, server deployment, and security.


text:
using System;
using ICSharpCode.NRefactory.PatternMatching;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using ICSharpCode.NRefactory.TypeSystem;
using ICSharpCode.NRefactory.Refactoring;

namespace ICSharpCode.NRefactory.CSharp.Refactoring
{
	[IssueDescription("Sealed member in sealed class",
	                  Description = "'sealed' modifier is redundant in sealed classes",
	                  Category = IssueCategories.RedundanciesInDeclarations,
	                  Severity = Severity.Warning,
	                  AnalysisDisableKeyword = "SealedMemberInSealedClass")]
	public class SealedMemberInSealedClassIssue : GatherVisitorCodeIssueProvider
	{
		protected override IGatherVisitor CreateVisitor(BaseRefactoringContext context)
		{
			return new GatherVisitor(context);
		}

		class GatherVisitor : GatherVisitorBase<SealedMemberInSealedClassIssue>
		{
			public GatherVisitor (BaseRefactoringContext ctx) : base (ctx)
			{
			}

			void CheckNode(EntityDeclaration node)
			{
				if (!node.HasModifier(Modifiers.Override))
					return;
				var type = node.Parent as TypeDeclaration;
				if (type == null || !type.HasModifier(Modifiers.Sealed))
					return;
				foreach (var token_ in node.ModifierTokens) {
					var token = token_;
					if (token.Modifier == Modifiers.Sealed) {
						AddIssue(new CodeIssue(
							token,
							ctx.TranslateString("Keyword 'sealed' is redundant in sealed classes."),
							ctx.TranslateString("Remove redundant 'sealed' modifier"),
							script => script.ChangeModifier(node, node.Modifiers & ~Modifiers.Sealed)
						) { IssueMarker = IssueMarker.GrayOut });
					}
				}
			}

			public override void VisitMethodDeclaration(MethodDeclaration methodDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitMethodDeclaration(methodDeclaration);
				CheckNode(methodDeclaration);
			}

			public override void VisitFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclaration fieldDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitFieldDeclaration(fieldDeclaration);
				CheckNode(fieldDeclaration);
			}

			public override void VisitPropertyDeclaration(PropertyDeclaration propertyDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitPropertyDeclaration(propertyDeclaration);
				CheckNode(propertyDeclaration);
			}

			public override void VisitIndexerDeclaration(IndexerDeclaration indexerDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitIndexerDeclaration(indexerDeclaration);
				CheckNode(indexerDeclaration);
			}

			public override void VisitEventDeclaration(EventDeclaration eventDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitEventDeclaration(eventDeclaration);
				CheckNode(eventDeclaration);
			}

			public override void VisitCustomEventDeclaration(CustomEventDeclaration eventDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitCustomEventDeclaration(eventDeclaration);
				CheckNode(eventDeclaration);
			}

			public override void VisitConstructorDeclaration(ConstructorDeclaration constructorDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitConstructorDeclaration(constructorDeclaration);
				CheckNode(constructorDeclaration);
			}

			public override void VisitOperatorDeclaration(OperatorDeclaration operatorDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitOperatorDeclaration(operatorDeclaration);
				CheckNode(operatorDeclaration);
			}

			public override void VisitFixedFieldDeclaration(FixedFieldDeclaration fixedFieldDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitFixedFieldDeclaration(fixedFieldDeclaration);
				CheckNode(fixedFieldDeclaration);
			}

			public override void VisitDestructorDeclaration(DestructorDeclaration destructorDeclaration)
			{
				// SKIP
			}

			public override void VisitTypeDeclaration(TypeDeclaration typeDeclaration)
			{
				if (typeDeclaration.Parent is TypeDeclaration) {
					CheckNode(typeDeclaration);
				}
				base.VisitTypeDeclaration(typeDeclaration);
			}
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Arctic bitcoin mine switches to smaller chip to boost efficiency
By James Temperton
Tuesday 3 February 2015
A bitcoin mine near the Arctic Circle is to start using 16 nanometer (nm) chips to improve mining efficiency. KnCMiner said the technology would make mining cheaper and allow it to increase production.
The move from 20nm to 16nm reduces the die and transistor size, improving the power efficiency of the chip and cutting the cost of power-intensive mining. The new technology should protect bitcoin mines against fluctuations in the value of the cryptocurrency and the challenge of mining bitcoin.
The Stockholm-based firm has also secured $15m (£10m) in Series B funding led by Accel Partners. It said the extra money would allow it to expand and future-proof its mining operation.
KnCMiner CEO Sam Cole said the use of more advanced proprietary hardware was allowing bitcoin mines to cut costs. He also dismissed concerns that it was becoming too expensive to mine bitcoin. "We do not think the cost is prohibitively high, if we did we'd turn our farms off. We're also developing our own hardware in-house, using several proprietary techniques to achieve higher efficiency."
The obscure London startup that made Facebook's Libra possible
By Gian Volpicelli
He said that at the current rate of exchange (£158 is equal to one bitcoin at the time of writing) there would be "no problems". Cole explained that KnCMiner was also able save money by using natural cooling as its bitcoin mines are all based either in or near the Arctic Circle.
KnCMiner worked with Taiwanese component manufacturer Alchip to create its new 16nm chip, which has been specially designed for bitcoin mining. Bitcoin mines around the world are investing heavily in new chip technology.
KnCMiner's new chip is the first of its kind to enter production. The company has generated over $100m (£66m) in revenue since it launched in 2013 and plans to invest a further $150m over the next 18 months to improve and expand its services.
Cole said that KNCMiner's proprietary mining system would speed up the bitcoin minining process, known as hashing, while also reducing power consumption. He added that focusing on the bitcoin algorithm was also keeping his company ahead of its competitors. "People tend to overestimate the impact of new technology in the short-term, but greatly underestimate the impact in the longer term. We're in this for the long-term, believing that Bitcoin technology will make steady inroads and increase in usefulness as well as in value over many, many years to come."
He added that bitcoin's volatility was unlikely to go away "anytime soon" but that the technology supporting it would become increasingly important.
This story has been amended to remove a reference to CoinTerra. The Texan bitcoin company filed for bankruptcy in late January.
In China, bitcoin mining moguls are scrambling to survive
By Barclay Bram
How to make sense of bitcoin's unrelenting death spiral
By Katia Moskvitch
Wednesday briefing: US blocks Arctic Council climate change statement and applauds melting sea ice
Friday briefing: Samsung to switch to renewable energy


text:
class BookmarksController < ApplicationController

  def index
    bookmarks = Bookmark.all
    render json: bookmarks
  end

  def create
    bookmark = Bookmark.new(bookmark_params)
    if bookmark.save
      render json: { success: bookmark, status: "success"}
    else
      render json: { errors: bookmark.errors.full_messages,
                     status: "error" }
    end
  end

  def update
    bookmark = Bookmark.find(params[:id])
    if bookmark.save(bookmark_params)
      render json: { success: bookmark, status: "success"}
    else
      render json: { errors: bookmark.errors.full_messages,
                    status: "error" }
    end
  end

  def show
    bookmark = Bookmark.find(params[:id])
    render json: bookmark
  end

  def filter
    bookmarks = Bookmark.joins(:tags).where(tags: { name: params[:name] })
    render json: bookmarks
  end

  private
    def bookmark_params
      params.require(:bookmark).permit(:display_name, :description, :source, :resource_type, :url, :rating,
      tag_attributes:[
        tag_names: []
        ]
      )
    end

end


text:
Climate Trends
Climate Trends: Ozone Depletion was Contemporaneous with Warming
Increased SO2 pollution (dotted black line) does not appear to contribute to substantial global warming (red line) until total column ozone decreased (black line, y-axis inverted), most likely due to increasing tropospheric chlorine (green line). Mean annual temperature anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere (red line) and ozone (black line) are smoothed with a centered 5 point running mean. OHC is ocean heat content (dotted purple line).
Annual mean surface temperatures (red line) (NOAA, 2014) increased during the 1930s, cooled during the 1940s, remained relatively constant until 1975, rose rapidly until 1998 with a net temperature increase of ~0.8oC, and have remained relatively constant until 2011 (Trenberth, 2009) (Knight et al., 2009, S22-S23). Other compilations of instrumental temperatures (Hansen et al., 2010) (HadCRUT3, 2014) (Smith et al., 2008) (Muller et al., 2013) and analysis of 173 proxies for temperature since 1880 (Anderson et al., 2013) show similar trends.
Concentrations of total tropospheric chlorine caused by anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbons (green line) increased rapidly from 1970, reached a peak in 1993 due to implementation of the Montreal Protocol and continue to decline slowly (Solomon, 1999).
Annual mean total column ozone (O3, black line, y-axis inverted) fell rapidly from 1971 to 1995 and has been recovering slowly until volcanic eruptions in 2010 and 2011 (Staehelin et al., 1998). A slight delay after changes in tropospheric chlorine concentration is expected to give time for chlorine to move to high latitudes where the highest concentrations of ozone and the greatest depletion of ozone occur during winter .
Total column ozone observed at Arosa , Switzerland.
The primary time delay in the atmospheric system involves the heat capacity of the ocean covering 71% of Earth. The observation that air temperatures above the ocean surface rose ~5 years after the decrease in ozone is in the range of calculations for a 3.5-year e-folding time for warming the ocean if the equilibrium temperature of Earth suddenly increased a small amount and a 10-year e-folding time taking into account an ocean with a 100-meter-thick mixed layer (Hansen et al., 1985).
Temperatures in the lower stratosphere (purple line, left) decreased ~1.5oC from 1958 to 1997 and have remained relatively constant since then. "Ozone depletion is believed to have caused the preponderance of the cooling in the lower stratosphere (15-25 km) altitude" but current models substantially underestimate the amplitude of this cooling and have trouble simulating the observed changes associated with volcanic eruptions in 1963, 1982, and 1991 (Thompson et al., 2012).
World ocean heat content (OHC, dashed purple line, top right image) increased from 1969 to 1980, remained relatively constant until 1990, and has been increasing ever since (Levitus et al., 2012). The time relationship between ocean heat content, volcanism, and annual total ozone is shown more clearly by the dashed red line left where the ozone data have not been smoothed. The slow change in ocean heat content between 1980 and 1990, smoothed with a 5-year running mean, reflects the observed global cooling of up to 0.6oC for up to three years following the eruptions of El Chichón (1982) and Pinatubo/ Cerro Hudson (1991) (Domingues et al., 2008). Continued rise of ocean heat content since 1998, when temperatures leveled off, suggests that ocean heat content may be driven more by increased ultraviolet energy due to ozone depletion than by temperatures in the lowermost troposphere. In the last decade, about 30% of ocean warming has been below 700 meters (Balmaseda et al., 2013).
Layers of ice beneath Summit Greenland (GISP2) containing the largest concentrations of volcanic sulfate per century (black) also contain δ18O evidence for rapid global warming (red).
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions (dotted black line, top image), 88% from burning fossil fuels, rose rapidly from 1950 until 1973 when concern over acid rain led to the addition of smokestack-scrubbers and other emission controls, as well as substitution of North Sea oil for coal in Europe (Smith et al., 2011) (Klimont et al., 2013). The result was a 20% decrease in SO2 emissions by 2002. Anthropogenic SO2 emissions, primarily from northern Russia, Europe, United States, and southern Canada, led to the large deposits in ice cores in Greenland at time 0 (20th century) of what is labeled volcanic sulfate in the figure to the right. Between 2000 and 2008, emissions of SO2 from China and India increased ~60% (Neely et al., 2013) but the 4 to 10% per year increase in stratospheric sulfate aerosols between 2000 and 2010 appears caused by small volcanic eruptions and not anthropogenic SO2 (Neely et al., 2013).
In the top right figure, the increase in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) (blue line) (NOAA, 2013) appears more closely related to the increase in ocean heat content (OHC, dotted purple line) than to an increase in surface temperature anomaly (red line). The rate of increase in (NOAA, 2014) temperatures nearly fell to zero in 1998 from ~0.27oC per decade between 1985 and 1998 to 0.07±0.7oC per decade between 1999 and 2008 (Knight et al., 2009, S22-S23) while CO2 concentrations continued to increase at the same or slightly higher rate. The annual rate of increase in concentrations of CO2 was <0.1 ppm/yr from 1938 to 1947 but began increasing to 0.7 ppm/yr by 1960 as concentrations of CO2 were rapidly increasing. From 1976, however, by the time ocean heat content had begun increasing, the annual rate of increase of CO2 doubled and even quadrupled to between 1.3 and 2.7 ppm/yr. Annual concentrations of CO2 have increased every year since 1959 but the rate of increase dropped from 1.3 ppm/yr in 1990 to 0.7 in 1992 when global temperatures dropped and the increase in ocean heat content slowed following the eruption of Pinatubo in 1991 even though CO2 was the second most voluminous gas erupted after water vapor. Similar but smaller changes were observed associated with the 10-times smaller eruptions of Agung in 1963 and El Chichón in 1982. These observations suggest that the strong correlation between atmospheric temperatures and SO2 concentrations going into and coming out of ice-age conditions (Petit et al., 1999) (Siegenthaler et al., 2005) (Lüthi et al., 2008) may primarily reflect the increase in solubility of CO2 in a cooling ocean. From this perspective, CO2 may be more a proxy for ocean temperature than a cause of increases in atmospheric temperatures.
The most surprising observation is that SO2 emissions increased ~30 years before temperatures increased. There is little physical basis for explaining such a long time delay, so we might wonder whether SO2 at concentrations of <50 ppbv (EPA, 2013) (Cao et al., 2009) has any substantial effect on atmospheric temperatures. Studies related to the eruption of Pinatubo show that SO2 injected into the stratosphere at concentrations in excess of 300 ppbm forms aerosols whose particle sizes grow large enough over months to reflect sunlight and cool Earth (Self et al., 1996). Substantial amounts of SO2 in the more turbulent troposphere are not rapidly oxidized, traveling more than half way around Earth in 8 to 12 days (Fiedler et al., 2009), and any aerosol formed in the troposphere has trouble growing to large enough particle sizes to scatter sunlight substantially.
Surface solar radiation (SSR) observed at Stockholm (blue dashed line, y-axis inverted) does not show much similarity to SSR calculated theoretically (dotted purple line, y-axis inverted) from concentrations of pollutants such as SO2, NOX, and black carbon.
Concentrations of other pollutants also increased ~30 years before warming. Nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions (olive line), 58% from vehicles and 34% from fossil fuels (EPA, 2012), show a trend similar to SO2 but with a slower decrease in vehicle pollution. Black carbon emissions (dashed black line) (Bond et al., 2007), the product of incomplete combustion, began increasing at rates similar to SO2, dropped precipitously with improvements in diesel-engine design, first applied in this accounting in 1965 (Novakov, 2003), and leveled off by 2000 as emissions decreased in the West but increased in Asia.
Methane concentrations (green line) (Etheridge et al., 1998) (Dlugokencky et al., 2008) increased gradually with emissions of other pollutants, reached a relatively constant rate of increase of ~14 ppb/year from 1955 to 1992, stopped increasing by 2006 and began increasing again at a rate of ~6 ppb/year in 2007 (Etheridge et al., 1998). The lifetime of methane is ~12 years, partially explaining the time lag. Methane concentrations are increased by fossil fuel use (Aydin et al., 2011), biomass burning, certain types of agriculture (Kai et al., 2011), and thawing of permafrost. Methane is removed from the atmosphere when oxidized by the hydroxide radical (OH). Observed changes in OH concentrations may explain much of the observed changes in methane.
OH concentrations increase with increasing NOX, tropospheric O3, and sunlight, and decrease with increasing SO2, carbon monoxide (CO), methane, and other pollutants it oxidizes. "A major pathway for production of OH radicals is the photolysis of ozone by solar UV-B " so that concentrations of OH increase with increasing frequency of photolysis (Rohrer and Berresheim, 2006). OH radicals react with tropospheric trace constituents typically within one second, making global concentrations of OH very difficult to observe and model, but modeling suggests they have decreased 9% since pre-industrial times (Wang and Jacob, 1998). Formaldehyde (CH2O) data from Greenland suggest OH concentrations may have decreased by as much as 30% (Staffelbach et al., 1991). Detailed observations show a gradual decrease from 1980 to 2000 (Bousquet et al., 2005).
Carbon monoxide (CO) in the northern hemisphere increased 0.85%/year from 1950 to 1987 (Zander et al., 1989), decreased very slightly from 1988 (when detailed measurements began) to 2001, and increased slightly to 2005 (Duncan et al., 2007).
Concentrations of water vapor and ozone in the lowermost stratosphere increased until 2000 but began decreasing suddenly in 2001 (Randel et al., 2006) (Solomon et al., 2010) when emissions of SO2 stopped declining and began to increase again.
Tree ring density and thickness normally increase with temperature, but since the 1940s, they have decreased in northern forests while temperatures increased (D'Arrigo et al., 2008). SO2 is well-known to stress and even kill trees (Keller, 1984) (Manninen and Huttunen, 2000). When anthropogenic SO2 levels began to decline in the early 1980s, wide-spread greening in northern regions was observed from satellites (Nemani et al., 2003).
All of these direct observations suggest that rapid increases in anthropogenic pollution since World War II do not appear to have the immediate influence on global temperatures implied by current computer-codes calculating the exchange of energy from radiation to matter and visa versa. All observations have been plotted on the same x-axis time scale with the y-axis adjusted so that both the mean values before 1965 and the peak values since 1998 are more or less lined up. Ultimately these data will need to be modeled to determine the quantitative interrelationships, but first current models need to be improved substantially to address the issues with radiation codes, with ozone, and with volcanoes described on this website.
The purple dotted line (y-axis reversed) shows simulated annual clear-sky surface solar radiation (SSR) anomalies for mid-latitudes in the northern hemisphere calculated via current theory (Wild, 2009). The models predict that SSR decreased with increasing SO2 and related pollution and increased with decreasing pollution. Note the rapid decreases in SSR for ~3 years following the large volcanic eruptions of El Chichón and Pinatubo. The blue dotted line (y-axis reversed), on the other hand, shows annual mean surface solar radiation observed at Stockholm (Wild, 2009). While SSR is likely to vary with regional differences in pollution, there is little similarity between long-term changes in theoretical and observed SSR especially prior to 1970. The radiation codes currently used by all models do not appear to be accurate.
Trends of the physical properties and chemical compositions of the atmosphere since 1925 suggest that increases in pollutants and greenhouse gases do not appear to influence global warming as much as ozone depletion does.


text:
The Forest Ecosystems and the Hills of God of the Kollihills
Forests are critically important habitats in terms of the biological diversity they contain and the ecological functions they serve. The number of described organisms of the world totals some 1.75 million species and it is suggested that it is just 13 per cent of the true total (Secretariat of the CBD, 2001). That is, the actual number of species may be 13.6 million. What fraction of this uncertain total lives in the forests of the Kollihills is quite unknown.
It is well known that perhaps half of all known species reside in tropical forests alone. It is also conjectured that the majority of yet-to-be discovered species are in tropical forests. This means that there could indeed be an enormous number of species that we deal with when we talk about the forests of the Kollihills. Whatever the precise number, forests of tropical areas such as the Kollihills are major locations for biological diversity.
The values of forests therefore embody the values of the biological diversity they contain since it seems unlikely that the vast majority of the biological resources could occupy non-forest habitats (Secretariat of the CBD, 2001). The need to understand the values that reside in forests arises also from the estimated rates of loss of forest area and, hence, in biological diversity. Loss rates, in fact, run into thousands per year.
Forests of the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats (Kollihills inclusive) are continuously affected by large scale uncontrolled forest fires. Fires adversely impact on the forests worldwide, causing a loss of biological diversities in, and ecological services from, 20 million hectares. While fire is a vital and natural part of some of the forest ecosystems, and humans have used fires for thousands of years as land management tool, natural as well as man-made fires cause severe damage in the Kollihills. At any given time, there is a forest fire raging on the hills primarily because someone has been careless or he/she has been deliberate in setting fire to the forest. Human greed knows no bounds and the tribals of the Kollihills are no exception just as the plains people, who have moved up the hills over the decades, who occupy most lands on the hill slopes, whether pepper plantations or the endless tracts of forests that are quickly being destroyed.
In the Kollihills, there are several hill areas which are designated as Samimalai (a hill of God) and there are restrictions to use resources of this patch of the forests. One can see the variations, immediately, in the density of the vegetation compared to the other forest patches of the area. There are annual festivals performed in the temple on the top of the hills. Even during such festivals the tribes do not use even a stick from that forest. Firewood is also carried to the temple to cook food for the festival. Any deviation in the restriction would invite punishment from the Community Council. There are recent reports of offenders being fined to the tune of Rs 3,000. The Samimalai can be regarded as the sacred grove of the area.