text:
Title: Internet Movie Database
Subject: List of actors who have played multiple roles in the same film, List of films at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival, List of Kannada films of 2013, Scouting in popular culture, Chattanooga, Tennessee
Collection: Amazon.Com Acquisitions, American Websites, Entertainment Internet Forums, Film Websites, Internet Properties Established in 1990, Online Databases, Online Film Databases, Recommender Systems, Social Cataloging Applications, Television Websites, Webby Award Winners
Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
.com.imdbwww
Commercial?
Online database for movies, television, and video games
Registration is optional for members to participate in discussions, comments, ratings, and voting.
Col Needham (CEO)
October 17, 1990 (1990-10-17)
49 (July 2015)[1]
The Internet Movie Database (abbreviated IMDb) is an online database of information related to films, television programs, and video games, including cast, production crew, fictional characters, biographies, plot summaries, trivia and reviews. Actors and crew can post their own résumé and upload photos of themselves for a yearly fee. U.S. users can also view over 6,000 movies and television shows from CBS, Sony, and various independent film makers.
Launched in 1990 by professional computer programmer Col Needham, the company was incorporated in the UK as Internet Movie Database Ltd in 1996, with revenue generated through advertising, licensing, and partnerships. In 1998, it became a subsidiary of Amazon.com, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes.
As of September 2015, IMDb had approximately 3.4 million titles (includes episodes) and 6.7 million personalities in its database,[2] as well as 60 million registered users and is an Alexa Top 50 site.
The site enables registered users to submit new material and request edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has been open to abuse, and occasional errors are acknowledged. Users are also invited to rate any film on a scale of 1 to 10, and the totals are converted into a weighted mean-rating that is displayed beside each title, with online filters employed to deter ballot-stuffing. The site also features message boards, which stimulate regular debates among authenticated users.
History before website 1.1
On the web 1.2
As an independent company 1.3
As Amazon.com subsidiary 1.4
Television episodes 2
Characters' filmography 3
Instant viewing 4
Content and format 5
Data provided by subjects 5.1
Copyright, vandalism and error issues 5.2
Data format and access 5.3
Film titles 5.4
Ancillary features 6
User ratings of films 6.1
Film rankings (IMDb Top 250) 6.1.1
Fan activity 6.2
History before website
IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and professional computer programmer Col Needham entitled "Those Eyes", about actresses with beautiful eyes. Others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started a (male) "Actors List", while Dave Knight began a "Directors List", and Andy Krieg took over "THE LIST" from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the "Actress List". Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, but soon retired people were added so Needham started what was then (but did not remain) a separate "Dead Actors/Actresses List". The goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible.
By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17, 1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, and thus the database that would become the IMDb was born.[3] At the time, it was known as the "rec.arts.movies movie database", but by 1993 had been moved out of the Usenet group as an independent website underwritten and controlled by Needham and personal followers. Other website users were invited to contribute data which they may have collected and verified, on a volunteer basis, which greatly increased the amount and types of data to be stored. Entire new sections were added.
As the site grew huge, full production crews, uncredited performers and other demographic data were added. Needham's group allowed some advertising to support ongoing operations of the site, including the hiring of full-time paid data managers. All the primary staff came (and still come) from the burgeoning computer industry and/or training schools and did not have extensive expertise in visual media. In 1998, unable to secure sufficient funding from limited advertising, contributions and unable to raise support from the visual media industries or academia, Needham sold the IMDb site to Amazon.com, on condition that its operation would remain in the hands of Needham and his small cadre of managers, who soon were able to move into full-time paid staff positions.
The database had been expanded to include additional categories of filmmakers and other demographic material, as well as trivia, biographies, and plot summaries. The movie ratings had been properly integrated with the list data and a centralized email interface for querying the database had been created by Alan Jay. Later in the year it moved onto the World Wide Web (a network in its infancy at that time) under the name of Cardiff Internet Movie Database.[4] The database resided on the servers of the computer science department of Cardiff University in Wales. Rob Hartill was the original web interface author. In 1994 the email interface was revised to accept the submission of all information meaning that people no longer had to email the specific list maintainer with their updates. However, the structure remained that information received on a single film was divided among multiple section managers, the sections being defined and determined by categories of film personnel and the individual filmographies contained therein. Over the next few years, the database was run on a network of mirrors across the world with donated bandwidth.
The website is Perl-based.[5] As of May 2011, the site has been filtered in China for more than one year, although many users address it through proxy server or by VPN.[6]
On October 17, 2010, IMDb launched original video (www.imdb.com/20) in celebration of its 20th anniversary.[7]
As an independent company
In 1996 IMDb was incorporated in the United Kingdom, becoming the Internet Movie Database Ltd. Founder Col Needham became the primary owner as well as the figurehead. General revenue for site operations was generated through advertising, licensing and partnerships.
As Amazon.com subsidiary
In 1998, Jeff Bezos, founder, owner and CEO of Amazon.com, struck a deal with Col Needham and other principal shareholders to buy IMDb outright and attach it to Amazon as a subsidiary, private company.[8] This gave IMDb the ability to pay the shareholders salaries for their work, while Amazon.com would be able to use the IMDb as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes.
IMDb continued to expand its functionality. On January 15, 2002, it added a subscription service known as IMDbPro, aimed at entertainment professionals. IMDbPro was announced and launched at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival. It provides a variety of services including film production and box office details, as well as a company directory.
As an additional incentive for users, as of 2003, users identified as one of "the top 100 contributors" of hard data received complimentary free access to IMDbPro for the following calendar year; for 2006 this was increased to the top 150 contributors, and for 2010 to the top 250.[9] In 2008 IMDb launched their first official foreign language version with the German IMDb.de. Also in 2008, IMDb acquired two other companies, Withoutabox and Box Office Mojo.
Television episodes
On January 26, 2006, "Full Episode Support" came online, allowing the database to support separate cast and crew listings for each episode of every television series. This was described by Col Needham as "the largest change we've ever made to our data model", and increased the number of titles in the database from 485,000 to nearly 755,000.
Characters' filmography
On October 2, 2007, the characters' filmography was added. Character entries are created from character listings in the main filmography database, and as such do not need any additional verification by IMDb staff. They have already been verified when they are added to the main filmography.
Instant viewing
On September 15, 2008, a feature was added that enables instant viewing of over 6,000 movies and television shows from CBS, Sony and a number of independent film makers, with direct links from their profiles.[10] Due to licensing restrictions, this feature is only available to viewers in the United States.[11]
Data provided by subjects
In 2006, IMDb introduced its "Résumé Subscription Service", where actors and crew can post their own résumé and upload photos of themselves[12] for a yearly fee.[13] The base annual charge for including a photo with an account was $39.95 until 2010, when it was increased to $54.95. IMDb résumé pages are kept on a sub-page of the regular entry about that person, with a regular entry automatically created for each résumé subscriber who does not already have one.[14]
As of 2012, Resume Services is now included as part of an IMDbPro subscription, and is no longer offered as a separate subscription service.
Copyright, vandalism and error issues
All volunteers who contribute content to the database technically retain copyright on their contributions but the compilation of the content becomes the exclusive property of IMDb with the full right to copy, modify, and sublicense it and they are verified before posting.[15] Credit is not given on specific title or filmography pages to the contributor(s) who have provided information. Conversely, a credited text entry, such as a plot summary, may be "corrected" for content, grammar, sentence structure, perceived omission or error, by other contributors without having to add their names as co-authors. Due to the process of having the submitted data or text reviewed by a section manager, IMDb is different from database projects like WorldHeritage, Discogs or OpenStreetMap in that contributors cannot add, delete, or modify the data or text on impulse, and the manipulation of data is controlled by IMDb technology and salaried staff.[16] IMDb has been subject to deliberate additions of false information; in 2012 a spokesperson said: "We make it easy for users and professionals to update much of our content, which is why we have an 'edit page.' The data that is submitted goes through a series of consistency checks before it goes live. Given the sheer volume of the information, occasional mistakes are inevitable, and, when reported, they are promptly fixed. We always welcome corrections."[17]
The Java Movie Database (JMDB)[18] is reportedly creating an IMDb_Error.log file that lists all the errors found while processing the IMDb plain text files. A Wiki alternative to IMDb is Open Media Database[19] whose content is also contributed by users but licensed under CC-by and the GFDL. Since 2007, IMDb has been experimenting with wiki-programmed sections for complete film synopses, parental guides, and FAQs about titles as determined by (and answered by) individual contributors.
Data format and access
IMDb does not provide an API for automated queries. However, most of the data can be downloaded as compressed plain text files and the information can be extracted using the command-line interface tools provided.[20] Beside that there is the Java-based graphical user interface (GUI) application available which is able to process the compressed plain text files and allow to search and display the information.[18] This GUI application supports different languages but the movie related data is of course English as made available by IMDb. A Python package called IMDbPY can also be used to process the compressed plain text files into a number of different SQL databases, enabling easier access to the entire dataset for searching or data mining.[21]
Film titles
The IMDb has sites in English as well as versions translated completely or in part into other languages (Danish,Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Portuguese and Romanian). The non-English language sites display film titles in the specified language. While originally the IMDb's English language sites displayed titles according to their original country-of-origin language, in 2010 the IMDb began allowing individual users in the UK and USA to choose primary title display by either the original-language titles, or the US or UK release title (normally, in English).
Ancillary features
User ratings of films
As one adjunct to data, the IMDb offers a rating scale that allows users to rate films on a scale of one to ten. The rating system has been claimed to be flawed for several reasons.[22][23]
IMDb indicates that submitted ratings are filtered and weighted in various ways in order to produce a weighted mean that is displayed for each film, series, and so on. It states that filters are used to avoid ballot stuffing; the method is not described in detail to avoid attempts to circumvent it. In fact, it sometimes produces an extreme difference between the weighted average and the arithmetic mean.
Film rankings (IMDb Top 250)
The IMDb Top 250 list is a listing of the top rated 250 films of all-time, based on ratings by the registered users of the website using the methods described. Currently, The Shawshank Redemption is #1 on the list.[24] The 'top 250' rating is based on only the ratings of "regular voters". The exact number of votes a registered user would have to make to be considered to be a user who votes regularly has been kept secret. IMDb has stated that to maintain the effectiveness of the top 250 list they "deliberately do not disclose the criteria used for a person to be counted as a regular voter".[25] In addition to other weightings, the top 250 films are also based on a weighted rating formula referred to in actuarial science as a credibility formula.[26] This label arises because a statistic is taken to be more credible the greater the number of individual pieces of information; in this case from eligible users who submit ratings. Though the current formula is not disclosed, IMDb originally used the following formula to calculate their weighted rating:[27][28]
W = \frac{Rv + Cm}{v+m}
W\ = weighted rating
R\ = average for the movie as a number from 0 to 10 (mean) = (Rating)
v\ = number of votes for the movie = (votes)
m\ = minimum votes required to be listed in the Top 250 (currently 25,000)
C\ = the mean vote across the whole report (currently 7.0)
The W\ in this formula is equivalent to a Bayesian posterior mean (See Bayesian statistics).
The IMDb also has a Bottom 100 feature which is assembled through a similar process although only 1500 votes must be received to qualify for the list.[29]
The top 250 list comprises a wide range of feature films, including major releases, cult films, independent films, critically acclaimed films, silent films and non-English language films. Short films and TV episodes are not included.
Fan activity
One of the most used features of the Internet Movie Database is the message boards that coincide with every title (excepting, as of 2013, TV episodes[30]) and name entry, along with over 140 main boards. This section is one of the more recent features of IMDb, having its beginnings in 2001. In order to post on the message boards a user needs to "authenticate" their account via cell phone, credit card, or by having been a recent customer of the parent company Amazon.com. Message boards have expanded in recent years. The Soapbox started in 1999 is a general message board meant for debates on any subject. The Politics board started in 2007 is a message board to discuss politics, news events and current affairs as well as history and economics. Both these message boards have become the most popular message boards in IMDb, more popular on a long term basis than any individual movie message board.
In 2011, in the case of Hoang v. Amazon.com, IMDb was sued by an anonymous actress for more than US$1 million due to IMDb's revealing her age (40, at the time).[31] The actress claimed that revealing her age could cause her to lose acting opportunities.[32] Judge Marsha J. Pechman, a U.S. district judge in Seattle, dismissed the lawsuit, saying the actress had no grounds to proceed with an anonymous complaint. The actress re-filed and so revealed that the complainant is Huong Hoang of Texas, who uses the stage name Junie Hoang.[33] In 2013, Pechman dismissed all causes of action except for a breach of contract claim against IMDb; a jury then sided with IMDb on that claim.[34] As of February 2015, the case against IMDb remains under appeal.[35][36]
Also in 2011, in the case of United Video Properties Inc., et al. v. Amazon.Com Inc. et al.,[37] IMDb and Amazon were sued by Rovi Corporation and others for patent infringement over their various program listing offerings.[38] The patent claims were ultimately construed in a way favorable to IMDb and Rovi/United Video Properties lost the case, though as of November 2014 it is on appeal.[39]
AllMusic – a similar database, but for music
AllRovi – a commercial database launched by the Rovi Corporation that compiles information from the former services Allmovie and Allmusic
Animator.ru
Big Cartoon DataBase
DBCult Film Institute
Filmweb
FindAnyFilm.com
Flickchart
Internet Adult Film Database
Internet Movie Firearms Database (IMFDb)
Internet Book Database (IBookDb)
Internet Broadway Database (IBDb)
Internet Off-Broadway Database (IOBDb)
Internet Speculative Fiction Database (ISFDb)
Internet Theatre Database (ITDb)
List of films considered the best
List of films considered the worst
TheTVDB
^ "Imdb.com Site Info".
^ "Stats". IMDb. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
^ Chmielewski, Dawn C. (January 19, 2013), "Col Needham created IMDb", Los Angeles Times
^ "Historical Internet Movie Database Site". Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
^ What software/hardware are you using to run the site? imdb.com
^ Chacksfield, Marc (January 14, 2010). "China blocks number-one movie site IMDb". 2012 Future US, Inc.
^ Ehlrich, Brenna (September 30, 2010). "IMDb Turns 20, Launches Original Video to Celebrate". mashable.com.
^ "INTERNET BOOKSELLER AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES ACQUISITION OF UNITED KINGDOM COMPANY THE INTERNET MOVIE DATABASE LTD.". IMDb via PR Newswire Europe. Retrieved January 15, 2007.
^ Needham, Col (January 1, 2011). "IMDb announcement: Top 250 Contributors for 2010". IMDb Contributors Top Contributors. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^ Hoffman, Harrison (September 15, 2008). "IMDb now serves full-length videos".
^ Modine, Austin (September 16, 2008). "IMDb adds full-length streaming movies (Show your US ID card at the door)". The Register. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
^ Lycos Europe and IMDb sign sales agreement for 9 European markets. Lycos Europe press release, July 10, 2006.
^ IMDb Resume FAQ: Can I subscribe only for one month or one year?. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
^ IMDb Resume FAQ: Is there any difference between a regular IMDb name page and an IMDb name page created via IMDb Resume?. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
^ IMDb Copyright and Conditions of Use. imdb.com
^ The Plain Text Data Files IMDb – Alternate Interfaces
^ "Which A-List Star Is Hacking IMDb Pages?". Hollywoodreporter.com. November 14, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^ a b "Java Movie Database (JMDB)". Jmdb.de. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
^ omdb.org
^ "Alternate Interfaces". IMDb. Retrieved January 15, 2007.
^ "IMDbPY". IMDbPY. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
^ Wong, David. "IMDB". Cracked.com. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^ "Why IMDb's Top 250 Matters...And Why It Doesn't". Screenrant.com. April 13, 2010. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^ "Top 250 movies as voted by our users". IMDb. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
^ The user votes average on film X is 9.4, so it should appear in your top 250 films listing, yet it doesn't. Why?
^ Norberg, Ragnar (2006). "Credibility Theory". Encyclopedia of Actuarial Science (PDF). mirror
^ "IMDB's statement on their voting calculation". imdb.com. Retrieved 2015-02-05.
^ "IMDB Vote FAQ". IMDB.COM. Retrieved 2015-02-06.
^ "Bottom 100". IMDb. Retrieved March 1, 2007.
^ Each TV episode uses the same message board for the whole series
^ Bahr, Lindsey (October 18, 2011). "Lawsuit against IMDb revealing private information". Insidemovies.ew.com. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
^ "Acting unions criticise IMDb in age row". BBC. October 29, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "Actress Sued Amazon For Revealing Age 40 Identified As Huong Junie Hoang". News.sky.com. January 7, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
^ "Actress age claim against IMDb rejected". BBC News. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
^ "Calendar for Seattle, Washington". United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
^ Gardner, Eriq (February 6, 2015). "Appeals Court Hears the Scary Things That Can Happen to Actors Who Lie to IMDb". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
^ "Case Docket: United Video Properties Inc., et al v. Amazon.Com Inc. et al".
^ Masnick, Mike (January 12, 2011). "Rovi Sues Amazon for Not Licensing its Electronic TV Guide Patent".
^ Mullin, Joe (November 4, 2013). "Netflix roasts Rovi's 'Interactive TV guide' patents at ITC".
Christopher North
Tom Szkutak
Werner Vogels
Gregg Zehr
Former: Rick Dalzell
Brian Krueger
David Risher
Ram Shriram
Brian Valentine
Amapedia
Askville
CDNOW
Endless.com
Withoutabox
Junglee.com
PlanetAll
Shelfari
Woot.com
Product Advertising API
Kindle (Fire, Fire HD, Fire HDX)
Lexcycle
Mobipocket
Reflexive Entertainment
Fire OS
Amazon Digital Game Store
Liquavista
Amazon Publishing
Breakthrough Novel Award
Amie Street (Songza)
Sellaband
Amazon Light
Controversies (tax)
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
Statistically improbable phrase
winner, 1997 award in the category Film
Use mdy dates from November 2014
Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2015
Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2015
Vague or ambiguous time from December 2012
Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2015
Amazon.com acquisitions
Entertainment Internet forums
Film websites
Internet properties established in 1990
Online film databases
Social cataloging applications
Television websites
Webby Award winners
American websites
Isle of Man, India, Canada, European Union, British Overseas Territories
Samsung Electronics, Sony, Seattle, EBay, Fujitsu
Linux, Gnu, C (programming language), Berkeley Software Distribution, Os X
List of actors who have played multiple roles in the same film
Internet Movie Database, Monty Python and the Holy Grail, Nandamuri Balakrishna, Clerks, The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
List of films at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival
Internet Movie Database, Canada, United Kingdom, Neil Young, Mark Pellington
List of Kannada films of 2013
Internet Movie Database, Romance film, Drama film, Action film, Rangayana Raghu
Scouting in popular culture
Internet Movie Database, Indiana Jones, Boy Scouts of America, Scouting, Donald Duck
Internet Movie Database, Tennessee, Atlanta, Hamilton County, Tennessee, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga


Women in Medievaw Scotwand incwudes aww aspects of de wives and status of women between de departure of de Romans from Nordern Britain in de fiff century to de introduction of de Renaissance and Reformation in de earwy sixteenf century. Medievaw Scotwand was a patriarchaw society, but how exactwy patriarchy worked in practice is difficuwt to discern, uh-hah-hah-hah. A warge proportion of de women for whom biographicaw detaiws survive were members of de royaw houses of Scotwand. Some of dese became important figures. There was onwy one reigning Scottish Queen in dis period, de uncrowned and short-wived Margaret, Maid of Norway (r. 1286–90).
Girws of nobwe famiwies were taught in nunneries and by de end of de fifteenf century Edinburgh awso had schoows for girws, sometimes described as "sewing schoows". Private tuition in de famiwies of words and weawdy burghers may have extended to women, but for most women educationaw opportunities remained extremewy wimited. Despite dis dere is evidence of femawe Gaewic poets. By de wate Medievaw era, Lowwand society was probabwy part of de norf-west European marriage modew, of wife-cycwe service, wif many young peopwe, bof mawe and femawe, weaving home to become domestic and agricuwturaw servants, fowwowed by rewativewy wate marriage. Women retained deir originaw surname at marriage and, whiwe many girws from de sociaw ewite married in deir teens, by de end of de period most in de Lowwands onwy married after a period of wife-cycwe service, in deir twenties. There was no divorce, but separation from bed and board was awwowed in exceptionaw circumstances.
In de burghs dere were probabwy high proportions of poor househowds headed by widows, who survived on casuaw earnings and de profits from sewwing foodstuffs or awe. Spinning was an expected part of de daiwy work of Medievaw townswomen of aww sociaw cwasses. In crafts, women couwd sometimes be apprentices, but dey couwd not join guiwds in deir own right. Scotwand was rewativewy poorwy suppwied wif nunneries, but prioresses were figures wif considerabwe audority. There may have been smaww numbers of anchorites. The Virgin Mary, as de epitome of a wife and moder, was probabwy an important modew for women, uh-hah-hah-hah. Some, usuawwy wives, acting drough rewatives and husbands as benefactors or property owners connected wif wocaw awtars and cuwts of devotion, uh-hah-hah-hah. New cuwts of devotion connected wif Jesus and de Virgin Mary began to reach Scotwand in de fifteenf century.
Medievaw Scotwand was a patriarchaw society, where audority was invested in men and in which women had a very wimited wegaw status. Daughters were meant to be subservient to deir faders and wives to deir husbands, wif onwy widows abwe to own property and to represent demsewves in waw. How exactwy patriarchy worked in practice is difficuwt to discern, uh-hah-hah-hah. Literary sources, particuwarwy romantic poems, indicate dat women were seen as passive subjects for wove and inspiration for de great deeds of knights. They take a more active rowe in de historicaw epics wike John Barbour's Bruce (c. 1375) and Bwind Harry's Wawwace (wate 1470s). They were awso seen as weaker creatures, morawwy and physicawwy. Considerabwe emphasis was pwaced on deir chastity, wif "whore" being de most common form of abuse, and deir conduct was constrained by de informaw sanctions of community gossip, shouwd dey step outside of de accepted rowes of wife or moder.
A warge proportion of de women for who biographicaw detaiws survive for de Middwe Ages, were members of de royaw houses of Scotwand, eider as princesses or qween consorts. Some of dese became important figures in de history of Scotwand or gained a significant posdumous reputation, uh-hah-hah-hah. There was onwy one reigning Scottish Queen in dis period, de uncrowned and short-wived Margaret, Maid of Norway (r. 1286–90). The first wife cawwed "qween" in Scottish sources is de Angwo-Saxon and German princess Margaret, de wife of Mawcowm III, which may have been a titwe and status negotiated by her rewatives. She was a major powiticaw and rewigious figure widin de kingdom, but her status was not automaticawwy passed on to her successors, most of whom did not have de same prominence. Ermengarde de Beaumont, de wife of Wiwwiam I, acted as a mediator, judge in her husband's absence and is de first Scottish qween known to have had her own seaw.
Girws of nobwe famiwies were taught in nunneries such as Ewcho, Aberdour and Haddington. By de end of de fifteenf century Edinburgh awso had schoows for girws, sometimes described as "sewing schoows", whose name probabwy indicates one of deir major functions, awdough reading may awso have been taught in dese schoows. The students were probabwy taught by way women or nuns. There was awso de devewopment of private tuition in de famiwies of words and weawdy burghers, which may have extended to women, but for most women educationaw opportunities remained extremewy wimited. The major corpus of Medievaw Scottish Gaewic poetry, The Book of de Dean of Lismore is notabwe for containing poetry by at weast four women, uh-hah-hah-hah. These incwude Aidbhreac Nighean Coirceadaiw (f. 1460), who wrote a wament for her husband, de constabwe of Castwe Sween.
By de wate Medievaw era, Lowwand society was probabwy part of de norf-west European marriage modew, of wife-cycwe service and wate marriage, usuawwy in de mid-20s, dewayed by de need to acqwire de resources needed to be abwe to form a househowd. Unwike in Engwand, where kinship was predominatewy cognatic (derived drough bof mawes and femawes), women retained deir originaw surname at marriage and marriages were intended to create friendship between kin groups, rader dan a new bond of kinship. Women couwd marry from de age of 12 (whiwe for boys it was from 14) and, whiwe many girws from de sociaw ewite married in deir teens, by de end of de period most in de Lowwands onwy married after a period of wife-cycwe service, in deir twenties. The extensive marriage bars for kinship meant dat most nobwe marriages necessitated a papaw dispensation, which couwd water be used as grounds for annuwment if de marriage proved powiticawwy or personawwy inconvenient, awdough dere was no divorce as such. Separation from bed and board was awwowed in exceptionaw circumstances, usuawwy aduwtery.
In Lowwand ruraw society, as in Engwand, many young peopwe, bof mawe and femawe, probabwy weft home to become domestic and agricuwturaw servants, as dey can be seen doing in warge numbers from de sixteenf century. Some women wouwd have been engaged as wet nurses to de chiwdren of nobwe and weawdy Lowwand famiwies and de important rowe of midwife was awso reserved for women, uh-hah-hah-hah. In de burghs dere were probabwy high proportions of poor househowds headed by widows, who survived on casuaw earnings and de profits from sewwing foodstuffs or awe. Spinning was an expected part of de daiwy work of Medievaw townswomen of aww sociaw cwasses. In crafts, women couwd sometimes be apprentices, but dey couwd not join guiwds in deir own right. Some women worked and traded independentwy, hiring and training empwoyees, which may have made dem attractive as marriage partners.
Scotwand was rewativewy poorwy suppwied wif nunneries, wif 30 identified for de period to 1300, compared wif 150 for Engwand, and very few in de Highwands. Prioresses wike Anna MacLean (d. 1543) of Iona Nunnery, were figures wif considerabwe audority: appointing way officers, managing wands and finances as weww as de wives of de nuns under dem. There may have been smaww numbers of anchorites, who isowated demsewves from society and devoted demsewves to God, but dey have weft very few traces in de records. The Virgin Mary, as de epitome of a wife and moder, was probabwy an important modew for women, uh-hah-hah-hah. There is evidence from wate Medievaw burghs wike Perf, of women, usuawwy wives, acting drough rewatives and husbands as benefactors or property owners connected wif wocaw awtars and cuwts of devotion, uh-hah-hah-hah. In Perf dere were severaw awtars devoted to aspects of Marian worship in de Parish church of St. John, a chapew dedicated to St. Anne, de moder of Mary, or Lady's Chapew and de Loreto Chapew, dedicated to de Virgin's Howy House. Around de town severaw monasteries were awso dedicated to de Virgin, uh-hah-hah-hah. Queen Margaret became important after her canonisation in 1250 and after de ceremoniaw transfer of her remains to Dunfermwine Abbey, as one of de most revered nationaw saints. New cuwts of devotion connected wif Jesus and de Virgin Mary began to reach Scotwand in de fifteenf century, incwuding de Five Wounds, de Howy Bwood and de Howy Name of Jesus. There were awso new rewigious feasts, incwuding cewebrations of de Presentation, de Visitation and Mary of de Snows.
^ a b E. Ewen, "The earwy modern famiwy" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormawd, eds, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), ISBN 0199563691, p. 273.
^ E. Ewen, "The earwy modern famiwy" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormawd, eds, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), ISBN 0199563691, p. 274.
^ R. Boorsma, "Women of independence in Barbour's Bruce and Bwind Harry's Wawwace", in E. J. Cowan and L. Henderson, A History of Everyday Life in Medievaw Scotwand, 1000 to 1600 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011), ISBN 0748621571, p. 175.
^ R. Boorsma, "Women of independence in Barbour's Bruce and Bwind Harry's Wawwace", in E. J. Cowan and L. Henderson, A History of Everyday Life in Medievaw Scotwand, 1000 to 1600 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011), ISBN 0748621571, pp. 170 and 174.
^ R. M. Warnicke, Mary Queen of Scots (London: Taywor & Francis, 2012), ISBN 0415291828, p. 9.
^ J. Newson, "Scottish Queenship in de Thirteenf century", in B. K. U. Weiwer, J. Burton and P. R. Schofiewd, eds, Thirteenf-Century Engwand (London: Boydeww Press, 2007), ISBN 1843832852, pp. 63–4.
^ J. Newson, "Scottish Queenship in de Thirteenf century", in B. K. U. Weiwer, J. Burton and P. R. Schofiewd, eds, Thirteenf-Century Engwand (London: Boydeww Press, 2007), ISBN 1843832852, pp. 66–7.
^ E. Ewen, "'Hamperit in ane hony came': sights, sounds and smewws in de Medievaw town", in E. J. Cowan and L. Henderson, A History of Everyday Life in Medievaw Scotwand: 1000 to 1600 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011), ISBN 0748621571, p. 126.
^ a b P. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Wiwwiams, A Companion to Medievaw Scottish Poetry (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006), ISBN 1-84384-096-0, pp. 29–30.
^ M. Lynch, Scotwand: A New History (Random House, 2011), ISBN 1-4464-7-563-8, pp. 104–7.
^ J. T. Koch and A. Minard, The Cewts: History, Life, and Cuwture (ABC-CLIO, 2012), ISBN 1598849646, pp. 262–3.
^ J. T. Koch and A. Minard, The Cewts: History, Life, and Cuwture (ABC-CLIO, 2012), ISBN 1598849646, pp. 33–4.
^ E. Ewen, "The earwy modern famiwy" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormawd, eds, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), ISBN 0199563691, p. 277.
^ J. Wormawd, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotwand, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN 0748602763, pp. 29–35.
^ E. Ewen, "The earwy modern famiwy" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormawd, eds, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), ISBN 0199563691, p. 271.
^ J. E. A. Dawson, Scotwand Re-Formed, 1488–1587 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN 0748614559, pp. 62–3.
^ I. D. Whyte, "Popuwation mobiwity in earwy modern Scotwand", in R. A. Houston and I. D. Whyte, Scottish Society, 1500–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), ISBN 0521891671, p. 52.
^ E. J. Cowan and L. Henderson, "Introduction" in E. J. Cowan and L. Henderson, A History of Everyday Life in Medievaw Scotwand, 1000 to 1600 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011), ISBN 0748621571, pp. 6–10.
^ E. Ewen, "An Urban Community: The Crafts in Thirteenf Century Aberdeen" in A. Grant and K. J. Stringer, Medievaw Scotwand: Crown, Lordship and Community: Essays Presented to G.W.S Barrow (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998), p. 164.
^ E. Ewen, "An Urban Community: The Crafts in Thirteenf Century Aberdeen" in A. Grant and K. J. Stringer, Medievaw Scotwand: Crown, Lordship and Community: Essays Presented to G. W. S. Barrow (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998), p. 171.
^ M. A. Haww, "Women onwy? Women in Medievaw Perf", in S. Boardman and E. Wiwwiamson, The Cuwt of Saints and de Virgin Mary in Medievaw Scotwand (London: Boydeww & Brewer, 2010), ISBN 1843835622, p. 110.
^ J. E. Burton, Monastic and rewigious orders in Britain: 1000–1300 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), ISBN 0521377978, p. 86.
^ G. W. S. Barrow, Kingship and Unity: Scotwand 1000–1306 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981), ISBN 074860104X, p. 80.
^ K. Perkins-Curran, "'Quhat say ye now, my wady priores? How have ye usit your office, can ye ges?' Power and Reawities of de Office of Prioress in wate Medievaw Scotwand" in J. E. Burton and K. Stöber, Monasteries and Society in de British Iswes in de Later Middwe Ages (Boydeww & Brewer Ltd, 2008), ISBN 1843833867, pp. 124–141.
^ A. McHugh, "Anchorites in medievaw Scotwand" in L. H. McAvoy, ed., Anchoritic Traditions of Medievaw Europe (London: Boydeww & Brewer Ltd, 2010), ISBN 1843835207, pp. 178–14.
^ M. A. Haww, "Women onwy? Women in Medievaw Perf", in S. Boardman and E. Wiwwiamson, The Cuwt of Saints and de Virgin Mary in Medievaw Scotwand (London: Boydeww & Brewer, 2010), ISBN 1843835622, p. 109.
^ M. A. Haww, "Women onwy? Women in Medievaw Perf", in S. Boardman and E. Wiwwiamson, The Cuwt of Saints and de Virgin Mary in Medievaw Scotwand (London: Boydeww & Brewer, 2010), ISBN 1843835622, pp. 111–12.
^ G. W. S. Barrow, Robert Bruce and de Community of de Reawm of Scotwand (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 4f edn, uh-hah-hah-hah., 2005), ISBN 0748620222, p. 11.
^ P. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Wiwwiams, A Companion to Medievaw Scottish Poetry (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006), ISBN 1843840960, pp. 26–9.
^ C. Peters, Women in Earwy Modern Britain, 1450–1640 (Basingstoke: Pawgrave Macmiwwan, 2004), ISBN 033363358X, p. 147.
Wikimedia Commons has media rewated to Women of Scotwand.
This page was wast edited on 9 March 2018, at 12:42 (UTC).


text:
NSW: Man found unconscious, covered in blood outside club
A MAN has been charged over the vicious assault of another man outside a club at Rooty Hill early this morning.
The 34-year-old victim was found lying unconscious in the car park of the licensed venue on Sherbooke Road just after 1am.
Police and paramedics were called and the man was taken to Nepean Hospital where he remains in a serious but stable condition with a head injury.
Three men were arrested nearby and taken to Mt Druitt Police Station where a 19-year-old man was charged with assault and affray.
The young man, from Doonside, was granted conditional bail to appear in Mt Druitt Local Court on Thursday 24 September 2015.
Two other men were released without charge pending further investigations.
Police are continuing to investigate the circumstances surrounding an alleged second assault involving the same man. Anyone with information, or who witnessed either incident, is asked to contact Mt Druitt Police.
https://www.mygc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/gold-coast-news.jpg 321 845 myGC https://www.mygc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/mygc-logo.png myGC2015-08-29 17:19:192015-08-29 17:19:19NSW: Man found unconscious, covered in blood outside club
NSW: Men charged over violent home invasion NSW: Teenager charged over drunken crash

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Program: Alice
Anderson universe
(Covers information from Anderson's universe)
Program Alice
5 feet 8 inches (173 cm)
creation:
Created via:
Experimentation by Umbrella
Attempt to control first successful experiment with the T-Virus
Program Alice (also known as Project Alice) was an Umbrella Corporation experiment, carried out by a clone of Dr. Alexander Isaacs, that ran concurrent with, and later succeeded, the Nemesis Program.
Origins Edit
Following her escape from the Hive, Alice was taken into Umbrella's custody and experimented on in the bowels of the Raccoon City Hospital. During the experiments, she was deliberately infected with the t-virus, and something unexpected happened. Alice's DNA bonded with the virus on a cellular level, adapting to it and changing it. Resulting in her strength and speed being increased. With Alice's DNA bonding and also escaping from Umbrella, Alice had to stay low. Umbrella already had her blood samples and were trying to clone her and always resulted badly.
Raccoon City Edit
Following the outbreak of the T-virus in Raccoon City, Major Timothy Cain brought both Alice and Matt Addison, now known as "Nemesis", out of their sleep, in the hopes that the two would confront one another. They did, in fact, meet and their first fight ended in a stalemate when both combatants retreated.
Shortly before dawn, when the city was scheduled to be sterilized via airstrike, the two experiments met and fought once again. Alice's proved herself the victor, but refused to join with Umbrella and escaped on a helicopter, which later crashed in the nearby Arklay Mountains, apparently killing her.
Her body was taken by Isaacs to a facility in Detroit, where she was revived and further operated on. She escaped, however, and demonstrated remarkable powers both physical and psionic, demonstrating the ability to kill a man just by thinking it. Afterwards, Umbrella struggled in vain to track her, a task made difficult by Alice's efforts to remain hidden and off the radar.
Escalation and Aftermath Edit
After the worldwide pandemic turned most of the population into Undead, Dr. Isaacs continued Program Alice via cloning, trying to perfect a way to neutralize the Undead. Eventually, his research hit a wall, and it became necessary to find the original Alice.
All the while, her telekinetic abilities were growing. She was able to control an explosion and use it to wipe out a swarm of crows. However, any time she used these remarkable powers, the energy was detectable by the White Queen's sensors, enabling Umbrella to track her movement. In the end, Alice confronted and killed Isaacs; the program was considered a failure and closed by Albert Wesker.
Though the program was officially closed by Wesker, the head of Umbrella appeared to make the declaration final when he robbed Alice of her t-virus abilities with a serum that destroyed the t-cells in her system;[1] Alice was rendered "human", forced to fall back on her skills learned as an operative. However, he later restored Alice's powers, her strength needed to fight the Red Queen and the Umbrella Corporation.[2] This was revealed to be part of a trick to destroy the last remnants of humanity. With the help of the Red Queen, Claire Redfield and Alicia Marcus, Alice was able to destroy the Hive and with it, the thousands of employees and the Umbrella High Command held within, effectively destroying Umbrella. Guided by the Red Queen, Alice was also able to unleash an airborne anti-virus capable of ending the global pandemic.[3]
Further Notes Edit
In The Final Chapter novelization, after discovering that she is in fact a clone of Alicia Marcus, Alice remembers that everyone, including the Red Queen generally calls her "Project: Alice" as if she were some kind of science experiment rather than a person. Alice thinks about how she used to think the title had to do with Umbrella's experiments upon her, but realizes that if she is in fact just a clone, she's been a "project" instead of a person all along.
Matt Addison
T-Virus
↑ Resident Evil: Afterlife
↑ Resident Evil: Retribution
↑ Resident Evil: The Final Chapter
Retrieved from "https://residentevil.fandom.com/wiki/Program:_Alice?oldid=724075"


text:
Senator Tom Killion
Pennsylvania's 9th District
Chester & Delaware Counties
9th District
Killion Report
2016 Senior Expo
2016 Vietnam Veterans Ceremony
Senate News Brief
Kids Resources
Senate Resources
Senate Community, Economic and Recreational Development Committee, Chair
« Session Week In-Review
November 2019 – Wawa »
Op-Ed: Pennsylvania voters win with state election reform
While technology has rendered rotary phones, VCRs, encyclopedia sets and dozens of other objects of daily life obsolete, Pennsylvania's election laws have been mired in the past. While there is no harm in continuing to use, say, a top-loading VCR from 1982, the Commonwealth's antiquated election laws have effectively limited ballot access and reinforced the power of political bosses.
Fortunately, earlier this week the General Assembly passed landmark legislation reforming Pennsylvania's elections. Signed into law by Gov. Tom Wolf as Act 77 of 2019, this legislation will increase ballot access and election security and limit the reach of party leaders and operatives.
Act 77 makes it much easier for Pennsylvanians to cast an absentee ballot. Current law only permits voters to cast an absentee ballot if they are ill or will be absent from their home municipality on Election Day. This legislation eliminates that requirement, allowing for de facto voting by mail. Also called 'no-excuse' absentee voting exists in 28 other states.
The soon-to-be law also moves the deadline for the submission of absentee ballots from the Friday before an election to 8pm on Election Day, coinciding with the closure of the state's polling precincts. This change makes Pennsylvania the forty-eighth state to align its absentee ballot deadline with the end of in-person voting.
Pennsylvanians will also be able to register to vote up to 15 days prior to an election rather than the current 30 days, making the Commonwealth one of thirty-three states to allow residents to register in the four weeks prior to an election.
Act 77 eliminates the option of casting a 'straight party' vote, where by making just one mark on a ballot an elector casts his or her vote for all candidates running on that party's ticket. Currently, Pennsylvania is just one of five states that offer a straight party option, a vestige of an era where voters were completely subject to the self-serving whims of party leaders.
The argument of those opposed to the elimination of straight party voting are not just baseless, but patronizing. They apparently prefer the supposed convenience of straight party voting to the informed participation of citizens, a point-of-view which denigrates and devalues the right of every citizen to vote.
Additionally, Act 77 provides $90 million to counties towards the purchase of new, more secure voting machines with auditable paper ballots, provides $4 million for census outreach efforts and addresses other technical matters.
Act 77 isn't perfect – good bills rarely are. We have more work to do, namely permitting Pennsylvania's almost 800,000 independents to participate in primary elections. But it is a step in the right direction. It will expand ballot access, make our elections more secure, limit the influence of party bosses and promote a better informed electorate.
Harrisburg Office
Senate Box 203009
Toll Free: 1-888-9th-Dist
West Goshen Office
780 E. Market Street, Suite 140
Brookhaven Office
4110 Edgmont Avenue
Brookhaven, PA 19015
2020 © Senate of Pennsylvania | Privacy Policy


text:
Mi calle és una pel·lícula espanyola de 1960 dirigida per Edgar Neville. Va ser l'última pel·lícula d'aquest director i posseeix moltes qualitats del seu cinema: Riquesa costumista i de personatges, el reflex impecable del Madrid més castís, aquest toc de comèdia pintoresca i desenfadada i un bon planter d'actors.

Sinopsi
Retrat costumista del Madrid de començaments del segle XX fins als anys quaranta, centrat en una dels seus carrers, en la qual viuen i conviuen diverses famílies de variada posició econòmica i social. Se succeeixen les xerrades, les tafaneries, les penes i les alegries quotidianes dins d'un transcórrer amable i lleugerament sorneguer que dissimula la tragèdia que sempre apunta encara que ens l'amenitzin amb música d'organillo.

Repartiment

 Tota Alba
 Rafael Alonso - Pablo López
 Ángel Álvarez
 Mariano Azaña
 Rafael Bardem
 Héctor Bianciotti
 Roberto Camardiel
 Susana Campos
 Lina Canalejas
 Antonio Casal as Lesmes
 Carlos Casaravilla
 Ana María Custodio
 Julia Delgado Caro
 Ángel del Pozo
 María del Puy
 Agustín González - Fabricio
 María Isbert - Reme
 Katia Loritz - Carmela
 Adolfo Marsillach - Gonzalo
 Antonio Martínez
 Nati Mistral
 Conchita Montes - Julia
 Gracita Morales - Purita
 Pedro Porcel
 George Rigaud
 Cándido Rodríguez
 Fernando Sanclemente
 Antonio Vela

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Mi calle a Historia de nuestro cine, rtve.es

Pel·lícules d'Espanya del 1960
Pel·lícules d'Espanya en blanc i negre
Pel·lícules en castellà

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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LA PAZ, Jan. 12 (Xinhua) -- Bolivian President Evo Morales Sunday personally welcomed the motorcycle and quad competitors of the Dakar Rally as they arrived in Bolivia as part of the seventh stage of the off-road race.
As racers arrived in the southwestern town of Uyuni Cheap Nike Air Max 90 Ultra SE , a visibly moved Morales thanked the race organizers, the Amaury Sport Organization (ASO), for including Bolivia in the multinational route.
"We did not qualify for the World Cup (soccer finals), but we have a world-class race with the Dakar, and we hope to expand the race next year," said Morales, as he hugged Bolivian motocross competitor Juan Carlos Salvatierra Nike Air Max 90 Ultra 2.0 Flyknit Ireland , who was among the top 20 rally racers.
"Today I have seen ... people moving along the mountain ranges, along the rivers. It is impressive how sports can bring people together, and that is why I thank the ASO for agreeing to be here."
Morales said he hoped future editions of the rally, which has helped boost tourism, would continue to include Bolivia, traversing different regions of the country.
Spain's Joan Barreda (Honda) won the motorcycle race Sunday, which covered a track that led from the Argentine city of Salta to Bolivia's Uyuni Cheap Nike Air Max 90 Ultra 2.0 Flyknit , while Chile's Ignacio Casale won the quad race, with a time of 3 hours and 56 minutes.
This year marks the first time Bolivia has been included in the route of the rally, which began Jan. 5 in Argentina and concludes Jan. 13 in Chile, though only two of the rally's four vehicle divisions entered Bolivia. Cars and trucks took a different direct route to Chile Sunday.
The quad and motorcycle racers crossed into Bolivia at 9:59 am local time (1359 GMT), at a point called "kilometer zero, Pachamama point," in the border town of Villazon.
There Cheap Nike Air Max Flair , Morales, accompanied by his vice president, Alvaro Garcia, and a group of indigenous elders, welcomed the racers with a traditional ritual to Pachamama, or Mother Earth, asking for the race to go well.
This year's 36th edition of the rally kicked off in Rosario Nike Air Max Flair Ireland , Argentina, with 431 vehicles: 174 motorcycles, 40 quads, 147 cars and 70 trucks.


text:
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and may Allah bless our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions: The University of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz, represented by the Deanship of Academic Faculty and Personnel Affairs, seeks to improve performance and development at the knowledge a
Prof / Musharraf bin Ahmed Al-Zahrani
About The Deanship
The Deanship of Staff Affairs and Personnel Affairs at the University was established by virtue of the Royal Decree No. 7808 / MB, dated 12/11/1431 AH (*), as it represen
Deanship News
University announces a number of vacant administrative and engineering…
Announcement of the dates of the editorial tests for the health career…
University President Visits Human Resources Deanship
The Deanship participates in the workshop of the "Central System of…
The Deanship participates in establishing the new administrative and…
The Deanship participates in the workshop "Indicators of Saudization"
His Excellency the Rector honors the distinguished employee
Extension for the Vice Dean of Academic Faculty and Personnel Affairs
Deanship Announcements
Announcement of placing jobs for the competition
Announcement of the dates of the editorial tests for the health career competition
Job advertisement for promotion
Security and safety vacancies for internal transportation
Announcement of offering jobs for promotion to the ninth rank
Articles in Human Resources
Mohammad Saad Alharbi
Submitted by a.alied@psau.edu.sa on Mon, 11/05/2018 - 14:04
W. Edwards Deming
Deanship of Faculty and Personnel Affairs
Submitted by a.alied@psau.edu.sa on Sun, 11/18/2018 - 13:43
Photos Album & Videos
The meeting of the leaders of the Deanship of Human Resources
Workshop to prepare the implementation of the job performance management system in Wadi Al-Dawasir
Job performance course in Al-Aflaj Governorate
Workshop on implementing the new job performance system at the university
Honoring the Distinguished Employee
The method of reviewing and approving the objectives by the employee
Deanship Achievements
Distinguished Employee Award
Implementation of a job performance management system


The V530s offers the convenience of four forward-facing, easy-to-access USB ports, and its 7.4 L chassis fits practically anywhere in the office-easy to use, easy to move. Your IT department will rest easy with Smart USB and TPM 2.0 for security. Additionally, Lenovo Vantage saves IT time by allowing end users to manage system health, configure updates, and purge unnecessary files.
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text:
La vieille ville de Lviv est le centre historique de Lviv, capitale historique de la Galicie et plus grande ville de l'Ukraine Occidentale. L'ensemble architectural de la vieille ville est inscrit sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO depuis 1998.

Histoire

Capitale de Galicie

Les premiers habitants sont attestés à Lviv dès le milieu du . L'essor de la ville commence au  sous Daniel et son fils Léon, rois de Galicie-Volhynie. À l'époque, le royaume de Galicie-Volhynie est l'un des plus puissants états de l'Europe centrale, et son territoire s'étend du San jusqu'à Kiev, ancienne capitale de la Rus'. Toutefois, en 1140-1141, la Galicie est ravagée par l'armée mongole de Batu Khan, petit fils de Gengis Khan. Bénéficiant des efforts de reconstruction du pays, Lviv succède en 1272 à Halytch, détruite par les mongols, comme capitale de Galicie-Volhynie sous Léon Ier de Galicie, qui donne son nom à la ville. Dès ses débuts, Lviv est une ville multiethnique, où l'on trouve notamment les populations ruthène, juive, arménienne, allemande, karaïte.

Époque polonaise
En 1349, la couronne de Galicie revient à Casimir III le Grand, roi de Pologne. Bien qu'elle ait perdu son statut de capitale royale, Lviv bénéficie au sein du royaume de Pologne de nombreux privilèges et est un des centres le plus important du commerce avec l'Est et de nombreux marchands allemands, florentins, vénitiens, grecs ou hongrois s'y installent. En 1412, Lviv devient l'archevêché catholique, et en 1630 la communauté arménienne de la ville s'unit à Rome, suivie par les ruthènes en 1700, formant l'église gréco-catholique ukrainienne.

Au milieu du , Lviv résiste à deux reprises aux cosaques ukrainiens de Bogdan Khmelnitski, d'abord allié aux tatars, et ensuite aux russes. Une série des conflits militaires, qui opposent la Pologne à la Suède et à la Russie et ses alliés cosaques, connue sous le nom du Déluge, laissent toutefois le royaume en ruine. Le royaume de Pologne connaît une courte période de répit sous Jean III Sobieski, originaire de Galicie et vainqueur des Turcs lors d'un siège à Vienne. C'est Charles XII de Suède qui conquiert la Pologne ainsi que la ville de Lviv, qu'il met à sac en 1704. Devenu de fait un protectorat russe dès 1717, le royaume de Pologne disparaît à la suite des partages de la Pologne.

Époque autrichienne
En 1772, la Galicie revient à l'Autriche, et Lviv devient capitale de la province de Galicie, connue sous le nom du Royaume de Galicie et de Lodomérie. Dans les décennies qui suivent, Lviv connaît de nombreuses transformations avec le démantèlement des fortifications médiévales, qui permettent son extension. Lviv devient un centre important des communautés ruthène (ukrainienne), polonaise et juive.

Depuis la Première guerre mondiale à nos jours
Après la première Guerre mondiale la Galicie et Lviv sont brièvement le théâtre des combats entre les troupes de la deuxième république de Pologne, formée des territoires ayant appartenu à l'empire russe, et les ruthènes (ukrainiens) qui bénéficient du soutien de la minorité juive, partisan de Galicie indépendante. Vainqueurs, les Polonais obtiennent le contrôle de la Galicie en 1922. Un référendum sur le statut de la Galicie, censé se tenir au bout de vingt ans, n'aura finalement pas lieu avec le début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

En , la Pologne est rapidement submergée par les troupes allemandes et soviétiques, alliées en vertu du pacte germano-soviétique. Après un bref siège de la ville par les troupes allemandes, Lviv et la Galicie sont occupés par l'Union soviétique. Cette occupation marque le début des années les plus tragiques dans l'histoire de Lviv. Dès le spremiers jours de l'occupation soviétique, de nombreuses personnalités polonaises, ukrainiennes ou encore juives, jugées hostiles au nouveau régime sont arrêtées, souvent exécutées ou envoyées aux camps en Sibérie.

En 1941, l'Allemagne attaque l'Union soviétique et la Galicie fait partie du Gouvernement général, une entité créée par les nazis, qui regroupe désormais une partie des territoires de la deuxième république de Pologne. Pendant trois ans de l'occupation nazie, la communauté juive de Galicie est éradiquée. A Lviv, qui comptait avant le début de la guerre plus de  d'origine juive, moins de 1.000 ont survécu.

En 1944, la Galicie est à nouveau occupée par les troupes soviétiques qui procèdent à un échange de populations avec la Pologne. Des trois communautés ayant formé le visage de Lviv autrefois, seuls les Ukrainiens sont encore présents. Ils sont à leur tour victimes de répression soviétique dans les décennies qui suivent. Depuis l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique en 1991, Lviv fait partie de l'Ukraine indépendante, dont elle est devenue le centre le plus important de la partie occidentale.

Points d'intérêt

Musées
 Galerie nationale d'art de Lviv
 Musée national de Lviv, Fondation scientifique et artistique du métropolite André Sheptytsky
 Musée historique de Lviv
 Musée d'ethnographie de Lviv

Notes

Architecture à Lviv
Lviv
Quartier de ville en Ukraine
Patrimoine mondial en Ukraine
Centre historique inscrit au patrimoine mondial


The book is closed on Chicago-based Evans Inc., once the nation's largest fur retailer. New York-based Birger Christensen USA Inc. acquired virtually all of Evans' assets for about $12.5 million in a New York Bankruptcy Court hearing late last month after no other prospective buyers emerged. After the hearing, Evans President and CEO Samuel B. Garber signed over his company's assets -- including all trademarks, 49 leased fur departments in stores such as Bloomingdale's and Marshall Field's, as well as Evans stores on State Street and at the River Oaks mall in Calumet City. "It's not easy," says Mr. Garber, who has worked at Evans since 1976. Evans also has a $4.6-million bid for its credit card portfolio from New Jersey-based Shoppers Charge Accounts Co., which manages private-label credit cards, although the Bankruptcy Court will seek higher bidders before it approves the sale. Based on the two transactions, it's estimated that Evans' unsecured creditors will receive about 20 cents on the dollar. Unsecured debt is estimated at about $15 million, while secured debt was $11.5 million. Birger Christensen, which operates leased departments at stores such as Saks Fifth Avenue and Carson Pirie Scott & Co., plans to close the stand-alone Evans stores, which employ about 45. It will continue operating Evans' leased departments, whose 175 employees likely will be offered jobs with Birger Christensen, says Mr. Garber. Representatives at Birger Christensen did not return calls. Most of Evans' headquarters staff of 55 will lose their jobs in the next couple of weeks. "Birger Christensen has been chasing Evans for a while; they were its nemesis," says Mickey Alper, president of Chicago-based retailer M. Alper Furs & Leathers Inc. Mr. Garber says his turnaround efforts were dashed in late September when three of Evans' creditors, New York-based furriers, forced the company into bankruptcy. Mr. Garber says he was on the verge of three separate deals that all fell through soon after the involuntary filing. He says one of the main deals was a sale of Evans' stores to former CEO Robert K. Meltzer. "I thought I had a shot at pulling this out, and I almost did," says Mr. Garber.


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Constant Contact Sub-Groups
Constant Contact have actually remained in the e-mail advertising game considering that 1995. During that time, they've managed to become one of one of the most pre-owned e-mail devices in the world, after Mailchimp.
One point I observed is that Constant Contact is really often the leading selection for several other evaluation internet sites. Naturally, I am curious to see if our comprehensive analysis generates the very same end result.
You might have checked out the Constant Contact evaluations supplied by customers online, also, as well as whilst they are rather positive, they may not give you the whole picture. Our testimonial of Constant Contact is based on a systematic technique as well as utilizes our useful experience and expertise of dozens of various other simple and sophisticated advertising automation tools.
What makes them unique is that they've added a number of functions over the years that few of their competitors sporting activity, such as electronic product downloads, event monitoring, visit scheduling and social campaigns. These all include in the varied listing of e-mail options available, along with automations and also repeating newsletters.
Constant Contact brag a industry with around 400 applications and combinations that cater to also one of the most specific niche of items. Yet regardless of these showy numbers as well as features, rate of interest in Constant Contact seems to be on the decline, a minimum of according to Google Trends. If it's still appropriate in the 21st century, Enough factor for us to take a more detailed look at Constant Contact's outs & ins and check.
Discover listed below!
Constant Contact is directed towards small companies, but their prices aren't one of the most budget-friendly, specifically when you think about that their functions simply aren't that progressed. Plans start from $9.99/ month, but this just allows for 500 subscribers, and also costs increase pretty greatly afterwards.
Try Constant Contact completely free
> Find out even more about Constant Contact's plans in our total prices guide
Is Constant Contact the right e-newsletter solution for you?
Constant Contact is rather unique in this regard, being one of minority e-mail advertising and marketing devices to permit you to handle event enrollments, tickets, and also invites . Keep in mind that this attribute includes its own charges: 5.4% + $0.80 for each and every ticket marketed or transaction performed.
You need advanced automation:
Surprisingly, for the premium it charges, Constant Contact doesn't offer the most innovative automations. While they do provide activated projects, autoresponders and abandoned cart campaigns (for Shopify just), you'll locate that other much cheaper devices use comparable levels of automation– MailerLite and Sendinblue.
Alleviate of Use
Normally it's very easy to browse, though a little bit dull-looking. You can reach many places within a number of clicks, though as they've included much more capability, some things have actually ended up being a little covert, for example, automations.
The editor is quickly, yet light on functions, especially in the designing department. In addition to that it's simple to collaborate with.
This is very fundamental, only permitting you to insert simple greetings or call details. There is no if/then/else logic offered.
Traditional, autoresponders, standard automations, persisting e-newsletters, A/B testing, event enrollments, vouchers, studies as well as polls .
Tolerable. There are around 200 (!) templates to choose from, with differing levels of top quality (some are good, while others look a little standard and outdated). You can also go back to square one, as well as use a useful feature called 'Brand your e-mail' to auto-generate a design template based upon your web site's shades and logo design.
They offer autoresponders and deserted cart advocate Shopify as well as WooCommerce. It also creates pre-defined get in touch with segments based upon your clients' communications with your on-line shop (e.g. repeat, expired and potential clients). Automations based on call triggers (e.g. email opens, clicks) are also readily available. It's worth noting that the automations aren't the most versatile, as you can not truly combine problems as well as actions as you can in lots of various other tools.
You can produce sectors from call task, checklist subscription, get in touch with information, tags, or ecommerce activity. You can also develop a sector from your call understandings and also tag get in touches with based upon get in touch with area standards.
There is beside no customization with the form, and it just offers a description box, basic field options (which you can not include in) and afterwards a checklist, or checklists, that people can check to be included in.
As you can see in our deliverability tests, Constant Contact does not carry out also terribly, reaching one of the most popular e-mail providers (AOL, Gmail, Yahoo, as well as Outlook) the majority of the moment.
In addition to conventional open and also click reports, spam, bounce and unsubscribe prices are likewise offered. You also obtain click warmth maps, and some beneficial introduction records such as open and also click fads, opens up by device, % of calls engaged, as well as the majority of effective subject line. You can additionally contrast projects. Advanced tracking such as social monitoring isn't offered.
The site as well as the tool are only available in English. You can pick to transform some of the non-editable e-mail areas (e.g. footer as well as personal privacy policy text) to one of 10 languages readily available, primarily European.
Spam testing isn't offered, however, there is a attribute to check the email for mistakes ( missing out on links, placeholder message that hasn't been upgraded, and so on). There's also a tool that permits you to sneak peek how e-mails will certainly look for details receivers, although this didn't appear to work when we checked it out. 'Inbox Preview' by Litmus is readily available as an add-on solution, although at $10/month for simply 5 tests, it's a little high.
Soft bounces are positioned on short-lived hold for 15 days, and afterwards dislike. They are relocated into a put on hold bounce classification if it occurs once again. They have actually a 'recommended for removal' filter readily available to see these, yet don't remove them instantly.
Import/export readily available although it's not as straightforward as it could be– you require to first make it possible for innovative email authorizations under Account Settings.
Storage space available for pictures and also information
All strategies include unlimited storage.
Different levels of account access
The Account Owner can additionally assign functions to be either an Account Manager or a Campaign Creator.
Constant Contact provide a substantial quantity of combinations as well as apps , virtually 400.
This is only available by means of their type home builder, and also it's very standard. Rather, we 'd recommend these cost-free touchdown web page builders.
There are numerous networks of support, consisting of online chat, phone support, a data base and community-based assistance. I discovered that the chat as well as phone assistance weren't constantly offered, which was a little frustrating. When I had the ability to acquire conversation support, however, I did find them to be beneficial and also receptive . Remember that you'll require to call in order to terminate your membership, which is quite annoying.
For a fundamental e-mail tool, Constant Contact ticks a lot of packages. The primary issue right here, though, is that they're asking a costs rate for a sub-premium item.
As Constant Contact themselves restate with their site, they are a device for small companies. And, thus, it's worth evaluating them on these terms. As discussed above, they most definitely have enough of the essentials covered to satisfy most small companies, and if it were as basic as that then we would certainly recommend them more very.
The problem, these days, is that there are a lot of other email devices supplying a lot more than Constant Contact, as well as for a whole lot much less money. This includes not only features, but also user experience. As a matter of fact, for the amount you pay with Constant Contact, you could find yourself using far more effective devices such as ActiveCampaign and GetResponse.
They do grab factors for their respectable deliverability rates, assimilations (particularly social media integrations), and also for allowing different gain access to levels for different users. As well as with recent enhancements to automations as well as reporting, and the addition of new features like a web site contractor, it does look like they're making an initiative to improve the item. Their lack of sophisticated features makes it hard to advise them over others at this price factor. (You'll see we do not list them as a great Mailchimp alternative, either.).
There you have it: the following time you see Constant Contact as the number 1 ranked solution anywhere around the internet, I would strongly claim that there might be various other passions at play there.
Attempt Constant Contact currently completely free for 30 days.
ActiveCampaign has among the most advanced automation systems we've ever before attempted, and it can not be compared to Constant Contact's simplified technique (it just includes autoresponders). They additionally use durable records as well as evaluation devices. On top of that, they are even cheaper than Constant Contact.
Sendinblue is just one of the cheapest all-in-one e-mail marketing tools on the marketplace. It's available in 6 languages and also features sophisticated automation choices as well as a built-in CRM.
GetResponse is a strong alternative. It features lots of sophisticated attributes (e.g. a webinar tool), has excellent automations and provides one of the most effective spam and also style screening devices we've ever before utilized. That's why Constant Contact falls short when contrasted to GetResponse.
We have a in-depth guide with the best alternatives to Constant Contact, check it out here. You can additionally try our Smart Finder to see which newsletter service is ideal fit to you.
Mailchimp defeats Constant Contact hands down. If you would certainly like to get into the information, take a look at our Mailchimp vs Constant Contact contrast.
Can Constant Contact be used as a CRM?
Constant Contact, in collaboration with SharpSpring, supplies an all-in-one CRM system. At $399/month, you would certainly be much far better off taking a appearance at any of these CRMs for tiny businesses, which will be much a lot more affordable. There are also lots of exceptional cost-free CRMs to select from.
How can I cancel my Constant Contact subscription?
Frustratingly, you'll require to call Constant Contact within organization hours Eastern time in order to terminate your account. Here is the number for the US and Canada: 855-229-5506.
Constant Contact is a legit e-mail marketing software application for small businesses. It safely shops your client information as well as supplies a safe method to manage your clients.
Constant Contact deliverability – is it any great?
Constant Contact's deliverability rates are consistently great in our bi-annual deliverability examinations.
In spite of these flashy numbers and functions, passion in Constant Contact appears to be on the decline, at the very least according to Google Trends. As Constant Contact themselves repeat through their site, they are a tool for small companies. The concern, these days, is that there are lots of other email devices providing even extra than Constant Contact, and also for a lot less money. For the amount you pay with Constant Contact, you might locate yourself using much a lot more powerful tools such as ActiveCampaign as well as GetResponse.
ActiveCampaign has one of the most advanced automation systems we've ever attempted, as well as it can't be compared to Constant Contact's simple method (it just includes autoresponders).
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PORT CHESTER, New York (WABC) -- There was a special tribute Thursday night for a man who served his community and his country.
A benefit concert was held at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester raised money for the family of NYPD Detective Joseph Lemm.
The 45-year-old Westchester resident was a technical sergeant in the Air Guard's 105th Base Security Squadron and a 15-year member of the NYPD.
He was killed in December with five other airmen when his patrol was attacked by a suicide bomber outside Bagram Air Base.
He is survived by his wife, teenage daughter, and 4-year-old son.


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Exclusive World Premiere Video: Anthony Geraci's 'The Blues Called My Name'
By American Blues Scene Staff April 21, 2022 0
Just 82 seconds into Anthony Geraci's new album, Blues Called My Name on Blue Heart Records, there's no doubt you're…
What's In a Name? The Real Lady A Everyday
By JD Nash July 13, 2020 0
"I don't want to have to share a name with you… I wanted my name. All I ever wanted was to keep my name in the blues genre doing what I did."
Big Blues Bender 2016 Was a Blast
By Marilyn Stringer October 17, 2016 0
This is now a "must go next year and bring my friends with me" event.


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The Nexia New Zealand Canterbury Sports Event of the Year the Urology Associates Movember Car Park Cannonball is on again on Saturday the 1st of December with organisers saying it's going to be bigger and even better.
Held for the first time last year the unique inner city urban event beat off international rugby, rugby league and hockey events to win the Nexia New Zealand Sports Event of the Year at the 2018 Canterbury Sports Awards in March.
Event organiser John McKenzie from enthuse media & events said the focus was on providing the best experience possible for the riders and spectators while raising awareness and money for men's health and the Movember Foundation.
The Christchurch Car Park Cannonball is the only southern hemisphere event in a global series with McKenzie saying that although last year's inaugural event was very successful there are things that can be done to improve it in several areas.
The event has been moved to a Saturday afternoon and early evening with an expanded expo and a new kids zoned planned. Entries opened in late September and are quickly filling up.
With a DJ, band and energetic MC providing a party atmosphere, 2000 spectators enjoyed the event on the last Sunday in November last year as 120 riders battled it out racing head to head up the eight story Innovation Car Park building with the fastest riders taking just over a minute to reach the 'party on the roof' in a series of knock out races.
McKenzie paid tribute to the Christchurch City Council who provided seed funding for the event last year and are back as a key partner as City Host for the next two years along with naming rights sponsor Urology Associates.
This year's key sponsors are Urology Associates, the Christchurch City Council, Christchurch Casino, Hirepool, NZME and The Hits, CHAPTER2 bikes, SMITH optics, Champion System and Innovation Carpark Limited/Lichfield Lanes. The event is also being supported by Omega Tech Software and the Pegasus Cycling Club.
"We are filling up quite quickly so riders wanting to be part of it shouldn't wait too long," McKenzie said. Riders can enter on the Pegasus Cycling Club website.
McKenzie said there were also spaces available in the expo.


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GEN F: Potty Mouth
The "gap year" is an apt metaphor for the spirit of the western Massachusetts four-piece—that post-adolescent mentality of not knowing what's coming next.
By Patrick D. McDermott
Photographer Clément Pascal
From the magazine: ISSUE 89, December 2013/January 2014
The western Massachusetts four-piece Potty Mouth are in the middle of a 13-city tour, driving across state lines with Veruca Salt blasting from the van's stereo, brushing off sexist jerks and performing scrappy pop-punk songs off their debut full-length, Hell Bent. "These songs are inspired by our day-to-day lives," says singer and guitarist Abby Weems, on speakerphone from the parking lot of a used record store in Missouri. Weems was only a junior in high school when the band had its first practice in 2011, which makes her no-frills lyrics about shitty friends, small-town boredom and drinking too much feel especially heartfelt. "A lot of times if I'm feeling frustrated about something, I'll write a song about it," she says. Potty Mouth reminds you that sometimes tapping into your inner adolescent is all it takes.
Around the time the band formed, Weems was still listening to Dookie in her childhood bedroom in Amherst, and the rest of Potty Mouth was about 10 miles away, at Smith College, an all-women's liberal arts school in Northampton. At the time, Ally Einbinder was playing bass in two different bands, and Victoria Mandanas was drumming with South Carolina garage punks Chemical Peel during school breaks; Phoebe Harris, a studio art major, had yet to pick up a guitar. After bonding over records and gender politics, the three spotted Weems hanging around at local house shows and brought her on board as a vocalist. "I knew Abby wanted to start a band," says Harris, "and it was this spontaneous, kind of odd pairing, because we all didn't know each other that well."
Potty Mouth"Damage"
Potty Mouth, "Damage"
Listening to Hell Bent's smart, economical racket, it's clear the members of Potty Mouth have spent some time getting acquainted. Weems is almost into her twenties now, but she still sings the kind of candid teenage poetry that doesn't need to be analyzed. How real were you? she intones in her raw, monotone drawl on "Damage," its jittery guitars and driving drums recalling the kind of gritty indie rock that the members of Potty Mouth aren't quite old enough to be nostalgic for. "It wasn't like, Oh yeah, we want to be a '90s revivalist band," Einbinder remembers. "Recently, we've been listening to a lot of Jawbreaker and Hole and hearing similarities, like, Oh, right, we kind of sound like that." They struggle to otherwise pinpoint what they sound like collectively, but they're quick to highlight each other's personal strengths, particularly when explaining their collaborative songwriting process. "Phoebe's leads almost function as a second vocal harmony," Einbinder says proudly of Harris' intuitive ear for guitar hooks. The riffs aren't revolutionary, but they're persistent in a way that's tough to shake off. Hell Bent may charm with its unvarnished edges, but it also projects poise, a levelheaded confidence in the face of youth's uncertainties. Look at me now/ My life's alright/ Think I might have found what I was after, Weems deadpans on "The Gap," the album's ramshackle opener about her decision to put off college, for now. The rest of the band have received their diplomas, but the "gap year" is still an apt metaphor for the Potty Mouth spirit in general—that post-adolescent mentality of not knowing what's coming next. For now, they're content writing catchy songs and making up the rest as they go.
Potty Mouth Issue 89 Patrick D. McDermott
GEN F, Issue 89, Patrick D. McDermott, Potty Mouth, Rock
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The Barista Foundations Course is designed to introduce the Core Barista Skills to those who have no previous Barista experience and are looking to learn and understand the basics of working on an Espresso Machine. One of our goals will be to have you successfully be able to calibrate grinders and make an espresso and cappuccino to SCA Core Standards.
This course is part of the Coffee Skills Program and is a great module for those who are new in the Coffee Industry, are looking to work at a Coffee Shop, are currently working in one, or simply have an interest in Coffee and are looking to learn more.
For those looking to further their education and earn points towards their certification under the Specialty Coffee Association, can add on the Exam. Once you have passed the exam you will receive a certificate and earn the 5pts towards your Coffee Skills Program; and upon passing the exam, you will receive a Certificate.


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Getty Images instagram.com/therock
Here's How Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson Congratulated One of His Fans on Her 101st Birthday
By Manuela Cardiga
Any doubts that "Jumanji" star Dwayne Johnson is as nice in real life as he is heroic in movies have now been dispelled by the actor's sweet gesture towards an older fan.
Mega movie star Dwayne 'the Rock' Johnson proved once again that he is a thoroughly good guy when he sent a devoted fan a present and a special post on her birthday.
Marie Grover received a special gift from Johnson and a birthday card and proudly shared the news with the rest of the world. Her gift? Johnson sent her some bottles of Teremana Tequila.
Dwayne Johnson at a press conference for 'Hercules' in 2014 in Berlin, Germany | Source: Getty Images
THE ROCK'S OLDEST FAN
Marie, known universally as Grandma Grover, is now 101, and she first came to Johnson's attention when she turned 100. Another fan, Jamie Klingler, tweeted the star, asking him to wish Marie a happy birthday. She wrote:
"She [Marie ] will lose her mind. When we were in high school (25 years ago) she would wear a rock sweatshirt and tell us how handsome he is."
The Rock responded immediately and sent Marie a video of himself sing "Happy Birthday," and wishing her a happy 100th birthday, and the centenarian was blown away by her idol's attention.
HAPPY 101
This year, Johnson sent Marie a card, some bottles of tequila, and shared a snap of the birthday girl with his present on his Instagram account with the caption:
"Good to see you received my gift of @teremana bottles and the card I wrote you! Remember to SIP the Mana, grandma and it's not time to do shots!"
The Rock's wife celebrated their first wedding anniversary by sharing a video of a song she had written for him as a wedding gift
Johnson, who lost his father, retired pro wrestler Rocky Johnson in January, 2020, has a warm and approachable attitude to his fans, with whom he often opens up about his emotions.
Johnson recently shared a throwback snap of himself at the age of 7, looking sweet and geeky. The star jokingly expressed his amazement that he would one day be named the Sexiest Man Alive. It is the Rock's humility and humor that makes him such a hero to hundreds of millions of fans around the world.
Johnson has been spending quarantine with his wife, Lauren Hashian, and their two daughters, Tiana and Jasmine, after all four had tested positive for COVID-19.
Dwayne Johnson Celebrated 50th Birthday - Meet His Beloved Wife and Children
Fortunately, the whole family has now recovered, and the actor has been urging fans to wear their masks, stay safe, and keep to the social distancing rules to prevent contagion.
Hashian and Johnson married in August 2019, and The Rock's wife celebrated their first wedding anniversary by sharing a video of a song she had written for him as a wedding gift.
Unfortunately, Hashian explained, the pandemic derailed their plans to celebrate their anniversary, but cannot take away a moment of their happiness together.
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Ice Cold Passion - Leni Riefenstahl and Arnold Fanck between Hitler and Hollywood
History 52' 2018 HD
She is the most radical and controversial artist of the 20th century – Leni Riefenstahl. He is the inventor of the mountain film, camera designer and film avant-gardist of the 20s – Arnold Fanck. In May 1932, both board a ship and depart on a five-month filmmaking voyage to Greenland. Their mission is the first ever German-American feature film production: 'SOS Iceberg.' It's the hitherto riskiest and most expensive film project in history.
In the double biography 'Ice Cold Passion - Leni Riefenstahl and Arnold Fanck between Hitler and Hollywood,' Annette Baumeister puts together the unknown picture of two closely interlinked careers. The spectacular and life-threatening filming process of 'SOS Iceberg' forms the frame of the film, which then deepens to the bottom of the passionate relationship between Fanck and Riefenstahl. While Fanck's career crashes after 'SOS Iceberg,' Riefenstahl's sets off with the Nazis taking over in 1933 – the coldly calculated rise at the expense of her mentor Fanck? The documentary shows excerpts from the greatest films of Fanck's and Riefenstahl's, such as 'The White Hell of Pitz Palu' (1929) or 'Storm over Mont Blanc' (1930). Reinhold Messner, Willy Bogner and Fanck's grandson, Matthias Fanck, talk about the pioneering innovations of Fanck's mountain films. Expert interviewees describe the work and life of the "aesthete of the absolutely beautiful" (SZ) and put it in a new light. The deconstruction of the myth surrounding Riefenstahl is at the same time an overdue tribute to the nowadays almost forgotten film pioneer Arnold Fanck.
Gebrueder Beetz Filmproduktion
English, German
ZDF, arte
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