This event will be a multimedia presentation by Dr. Christine Kovic, of University of Houston - Clear Lake and Francisco Arguelles, who have conducted long-term research and engaged in organizing on border politics and human rights. The presentation will address the violence and solidarity that migrants encounter in their journey through Mexico and in South Texas. This event is an intellectual extension our freshman convocation/summer reader Into the Beautiful North by Luis Alberto Urrea, which vividly captures the complex and often brutal experiences of Mexicans and Central Americans migrating to the United States for work. Refreshments will be served. View the event poster.
Dr. Christen Kovic is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Clear Lake and author of Mayan Voices for Human Rights: Displaced Catholics in Highland Chipas, Women of Chipas: Making History in Times of Struggle and Hope.
Francisco Arguelles is a community organizer specializing in border politics and human rights.
One of the foremost human rights activists of our contemporary era, Dr. West will talk on race, America and the Black Lives Matter movement. His presentation is part of UHD's celebration of Citizenship Month and its ongoing commitment to community engagement and social justice.
This is a ticked event with limited seating available. Free tickets will be provided on a first-come basis during mid-October. View the event poster.
This lecture is supported by the Center for Critical Race Studies, the Cultural Enrichment Center, the Departments of Arts and Humanities, English, and Social Sciences.
Viewing of The Other Side of Immigration, film by Roy Germano, featuring special guest discussion facilitator, Provost Ed Hugetz.
A powerful documentary that examines the divisive issue of undocumented immigration from the perspective of members of a Mexican agricultural community whose economy has been destroyed by NAFTA.
A second viewing and discussion of the film for those unable to attend the Monday screening.
Viewing of A Class Apart: A Mexican American Civil Rights Story, by Carlos Sandoval. Discussion to follow.
An examination of a landmark legal case stemming from the 1951 murder of a field hand, Pete Hernandez, in Edna, Texas. The case, Hernandez v. Texas, was argued before the Supreme Court and challenged systemic, rampant discrimination against Mexican Americans.
"No Time Like the Present - The Hispanic Civic Engagement Imperative"
Presentation and discussion of the urgent need for sustained Hispanic civic engagement, accompanied by a voter registration drive.
Second Viewing of A Class Apart: A Mexican American Civil Rights Story with discussion.
An examination of the contributions of Hispanic performers in American cinema, as well as the evolving representation of the Hispanic subject in Hollywood film.
Viewing of Latino Americans: The 500-Year Legacy That Shaped a Nation, pt. V - Prejudice and Pride, with discussion.
In the 1960s and 1970s a generation of Mexican Americans, frustrated by persistent discrimination and poverty, find a new way forward, through social action and the building of a new "Chicano" identity. By the end of the 1970s Chicano activism and identity have transformed what it means to be an American. Chicano and Latino studies are incorporated into school curriculum; Latinos are included in the political process.
"When Political Discourse Goes Toxic: Lessons from the Holocaust and Contemporary Anti-Immigrant Rhetoric," panel discussion.
A panel discussion examining the disturbing parallels between anti-Semitic rhetoric in pre-WWII Germany and anti-(Hispanic)immigrant rhetoric in the United States today.
Viewing of Latino Americans: The 500-Year Legacy That Shaped a Nation, pt. VI - Peril and Promise, with discussion.
Latinos present a challenge and an opportunity for the United States. America's largest and youngest growing sector of the population presents what Professor Marta Tienda calls, The Hispanic Moment. Their success could determine the growth of the United States in the twenty-first century; however their failure, contributing to an underclass, could also pull this country down. The key, according to Tienda and Eduardo J. Padron, Ph.D., President of Miami Dade Community College, is education.


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text:
Static results

<ngl-lookup [lookup]="lookup" [(pick)]="superhero" debounce="0" placeholder="Hint: type `man` or `r`">
  Who is your favorite superhero?
</ngl-lookup>

My favorite superhero is {{superhero}}

Asynchronous object results with custom template

<button type="button" nglButton="neutral" (click)="value='Athens'" class="slds-m-bottom--large">Search for: Athens</button>
<button type="button" nglButton="destructive" (click)="address = null" class="slds-m-bottom--large" [disabled]="!address">Clear</button>
<ngl-lookup [(value)]="value" [lookup]="lookupAsync" field="formatted_address" [(pick)]="address">
  Type an address:
  <template nglLookupItem let-ctx>

{{ctx.formatted_address}}

      Place ID: {{ctx.place_id}}

  </template>
</ngl-lookup>

Selected place ID: {{address.place_id}}

Polymorphic

<ngl-lookup [lookup]="lookupPolymorphic" [(pick)]="hero" debounce="0" [placeholder]="'Search ' + scope.value">
  Who is your favorite superhero/superheroeine?

    <svg nglIconCategory="standard" [nglIcon]="scope.icon" [ngClass]="'slds-icon-standard-' + scope.icon" class="slds-icon slds-icon--small"></svg>

  <template nglPolymorphicItem [scopes]="scopes" (scopeChange)="scope = $event" let-item>

      <svg nglIconCategory="standard" [nglIcon]="item.icon" [ngClass]="'slds-icon-standard-' + item.icon" class="slds-icon slds-icon--small slds-m-right--small"></svg>
      {{ item.value }}

  </template>
</ngl-lookup>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: asp.net mvc jquery removing select list item  $('#remove').click(function() {
        var foo = [];
        $('#FeatureLists :selected').each(function(i, selected) {
            foo[i] = $(selected).text();
            alert(foo[i]);
            if (foo[i] != "Add" )
                return !$('#FeatureLists option:selected').remove();
            if (foo[i] != "Edit")
                return !$('#FeatureLists option:selected').remove();
        });

    });

i have six items in my select in which 4 of them are add,edit ,delete view, it is multiselect list, i don't want the user to remove the these 4 items , apart from that they can remove any item. how will i do that? it is not happening in the above code

A: First of all, based on your sample code, the array foo is does not appear to be needed. Secondly, the if statement needs to include all the items that need to be excluded with OR conditions as shown below:
if (foo[i] == "Add"    ||
    foo[i] == "Edit"   ||
    foo[i] == "Delete" ||
    foo[i] == "View")
{
     return;
}
else
{
     $(selected).remove();
}

A: Try this as well. Simple one line code and slightly faster
$(document).ready(function() {
         $("input").click(function(event) {
            var foo = [];
            $('#FeatureLists :selected').each(function(i, selected) {
               foo[i] = $(selected).text();
               if (foo[i] != "Add" && foo[i] != "Edit" && foo[i] != "Delete" && foo[i] != "View") return $(selected).remove();
            });
         });
      });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Österforse est une localité de la commune de Sollefteå dans le comté de Västernorrland en Suède.

Sa population était de  en 2015.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Localité dans le comté de Västernorrland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Stopping to notice your breath and body can be a go-to tool to maintain a sense of calm in the workplace, especially when stress and demands are high.
Beverly Hays, Center collaborator, well-being facilitator and businesswoman, shares an informal guided practice to get in touch with your body and emotions.
Welcome to this meditation, using breath to help calm and focus your mind. Before beginning, I invite you to take a moment to make sure that you're seated comfortably, spine straight and strong but not rigid, body relaxed. Release any tension in your jaw, shoulders, neck or anywhere that you may have the habit of holding stress. And without judgement, let go of that holding.
Now, with hands relaxed and body at ease, breathing through your nose if possible, take a gentle but deep inhale. And as you release the exhale, allow your eyes to drift closed, or if you prefer, just lower and soften your gaze. Begin to turn your attention inward, taking a moment to notice your inner landscape, the state of your mind.
Are there emotions present? Are you sleepy or energized? Mind buzzing or calm? Without forming opinion or passing judgement, just notice this. And now, with a deep inhale, imagine that you are gathering in any mental residue from your day. Any problem or unfinished business that is tugging at your attention. And with a complete exhale, release it, and see it all drop away.
"As you move through your day, it may be helpful to remember that breath is always with you, and can be used, in the moment, as a method to calm and focus your mind."
Setting it aside for the next few minutes, as you set your intention to be present for this meditation. Now, take a moment to find your breath. Wherever it is easiest for you to access. Perhaps you feel it as a cool brush of air at your nostrils; the rise and fall of your chest; or maybe it is the sound of breath that you notice. Wherever you find breath, allow your attention to gently rest there. Letting breath come to you, without attempting to change or control it. Just notice as it falls into a natural rhythm.
Breathe in, gently. Your lungs fill, chest rises. And then with the exhale, notice complete release. Perhaps your breathing becomes slower and deeper, as you let go of everything but breath. Breathing in, breathing out. When thoughts arise, which they will, just notice them, without opinion or judgement. Let them pass away, dissolving like clouds passing through a deep blue sky.
Then, gently return your attention to breath. Calming, centering, constant. For now, there is only this moment, this breath. Attending to your breath brings you home. It is your touchstone, your ground wire. Connecting mind and body in this moment, perfect as it is.
And when you're ready, take a deep, intentional inhale, and with your exhale, release your attention to the breath, and open your eyes. As you move through your day, it may be helpful to remember that breath is always with you, and can be used, in the moment, as a method to calm and focus your mind.


text:
Q: Call extended class function So i have a class called Person
class Person{

   private:

   public:
      Person();

}

and 1 more class called Patient
class Patient : public Person{

    private:
       string text_;
    public:
       Patient();
       void setSomething(string text){ text_ = text; }
}

now i have created an array of 5 People like
Person *ppl[5];

and added 5 Patients in each key of the array like
ppl[0] = new Patient();
ppl[1] = new Patient();
ppl[2] = new Patient();
ppl[3] = new Patient();
ppl[4] = new Patient();

now i want to call the setSomething function from the Patient class like this
ppl[0]->setSomething("test text");

but i keep getting the following error:
class Person has no member named setSomething

A: You have an array of Person*. You can only call public methods of Person on elements of that array, even if they point to Patient objects. To be able to call Patient methods, you would first have to cast the Person* to a Patient*.
Person* person = new Patient;
person->setSomething("foo"); // ERROR!

Patient* patient = dynamic_cast<Patient*>(person);
if (patient)
{
  patient->setSomething("foo");
} else
{
  // Failed to cast. Pointee must not be a Patient
}

A: The compiler doesn't know that the pointer points to a Patient object, so you have to explicitly tell the compiler that it is:
static_cast<Patient*>(ppl[0])->setSomething(...);

Either that, or make setSomething a virtual function in the base class.
A small note though: Using static_cast only works if you're certain that the pointer is a pointer to a Patient object. If there is a change it's not, then you have to use dynamic_cast instead, and check that the result is not nullptr.


text:
Phoenix Suns Basketball Is Fun
Training camp for most teams is a tedious time: guys are trying to get in shape; new players are learning the system; coaches are evaluating and seeing who's ready to go when the season jumps off; and front offices are praying their players manage to avoid the police blotter. It's a lot of work.
One place where training camp is being enjoyed by all, however, is Phoenix.
In his first two days on the job, newcomer Grant Hill has already played every position on the floor, and he is quickly learning why Mike D'Antoni just might be the funnest coach to play for in the Association. Check out this quote in the East Valley Tribune:
"Hopefully we can get to the point where there are no plays and no positions and we just play basketball," D'Antoni said. "We're not there yet, but we're making progress toward that. Then I can just sit down on the bench and watch them play for 48 minutes."
That right there is the kind of carefree approach to life and basketball that makes players fall in love with their coach. The Suns may never win a title under D'Antoni, mostly due to defense-related allergies (a condition that worsens come Playoff time), but they're gonna have a ton of fun while trying.
Well, everyone but Shawn Marion…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hairspray is a musical with music by Marc Shaiman, lyrics by Scott Wittman and Marc Shaiman; book by Mark O'Donnell and Thomas Meehan. Tracy Turnblad a teenager who is big and beautiful who turns Baltimore up side down when she attempts to successfully integrate the Corny Collins TV show. In 1962 this was nationwide news. Upbeat moves and spunky personalities made this Sunday afternoon musical fun to see and experience.
Tracy Turnblad the bold, beautiful revolutionary was played by Shannon Kingett. Perhaps a little slow to start Kingett warmed up to the audience in the second act and seemed to enjoy the role. An excellent Corny Collins was played by Gardner Reed. Reed oozed charisma and energy which was contagious. Tracy's school heartthrob Link Larkin was played by Sam Jones. Jones was such a clean-cut momma's boy who when he broke from tradition and kissed Tracy I think it shocked everyone, including Link! Christopher Harris as Edna Turnblad gave a sincere rendering as the over-protective, stifling teenage mother. Harris had a good dance number with Tracy's dad Wilbur played by Larry Grey. The two seemed to support each other and truly care for each other.
Probably the funniest character is Penny Pingleton, the close friend of Tracy's, played by Jaclyn Young. Young got the most laughs of the evening due to her straight delivery of obviously funny lines. Her big blond hair made Young seem all the more innocent. Penny's boyfriend Seaweed J. Stubbs gave a lively performance. Played by Adrian Cubbage he and Penny moved around the floor easily. Their moments together not only broke the color barrier, but also appeared real. Seaweed's mother Motormouth Maybelle also seemed to have fun in her part. She was played by Brenda Parker. Her song "I Know Where I've Been" was touching.
No musical full of heros and heroines would be complete without its villains. The Von Tussle mother-daughter combo played by Christina Kidd as Amber and Janette Moman as Velma was outstanding. Both gave 100% to their roles. With big moves and big voices they were fun to watch. Penny's mother Prudy Pingleton was played by Gina C. Tomkus. Unable to look past skin color, Tomkus tried everything she could think of to keep Penny away from Seaweed. Which is what brought the two kids closer together.
Set Designer Myke Taister used bright colors and big pieces to tell his story. The stage did not seem crowded and the use of a live orchestra conducted by Christopher Tomasino kept the beat up throughout the afternoon. The big can of hair spray was a great touch for the end of the show. The Costume Design and Construction by Jean Schlichting, Kit Sibley, Joan Kaufman, Kevin Grant Lane, and Mary Strauss were bright and shiny and were well done. There were a few minor technical problems at the performance we attended, but those should be ironed out over time.
A lively show well done. It uses song and dance to make a statement that everyone is beautiful. No matter what their size.
Sometimes you have to do something just because it's FUN! Hairspray was first advertised as Broadway's Big Fat Musical Comedy Hit"- which we (the staff, cast, and crew) found out all too literally! In over 30 years of working in community theater, I have never confronted a bigger or more challenging show. But that said, the rewards are just as huge. Yes, Hairspray has a message, a very important truth about the freedoms and equality that inherently belong to every race color and creed (regardless of your size, orientation…. or hairdo), but the unusual Mr. Waters chose to deliver his message by smacking you in the face, in a big fat way!
MONUMENTAL thank you's must go first to LTA for fighting to produce this how; my GARGANTUAN producers, Russ, Marian, and Rachel, the HUGELY talented Chris T. and my COLOSSAL choreographer Ivan, for his creativity and perseverance; and lastly, the VAST and EPIC talents of this cast and crew whose efforts and sweat equity have made this summer project a journey of MAMMOTH proportions. So sit back and have a BIG FAT night of FUN!
Stooie: Derrick "Blake" Hopkins Jr.
Disclaimer: Little Theatre of Alexandria provided two complimentary media tickets to ShowBizRadio for this review. Mike is also the assistant tech director for a different production of Hairspray currently playing in Chantilly.
This article can be linked to as: http://washingtondc.showbizradio.com/goto/7051.


This is Dani Sue. She was my first Cardigan and my first show dog. She has nice thick bone and a beautiful front. She is powerful, and can out run the other dogs (if she wants to - which isn't that often!) So... I would say she is a laid back girl, but this is not true when her herding instincts kick in (she will herd the broom, the kids, the other dogs, etc.) which gets her acting like a puppy again with that spring in her step.
Riley Cute is Canadian bred, Black and White with Brindle points, from Eyespy Kennels, which is located in Ontario, Canada. She has a lovely short coat that is super soft. She is my best not-so-much shedder. Her personality is very sweet. She is a leader, but she isn't stubborn in her leadership. She is willing to work with other dogs, and always ready to meet new people with a waggy tail. She can move out in the ring like no other Corgi! I cannot wait to get her started on agility.
Misty and Bailey. My third and fourth Cardigan.
Young Bailey with his big sisters.
Misty is from Legacy Legends, located in Alabama, USA. Both her parents are Grand Champions. She is built to perform. She is still young but I expect great things from her in the ring to come. Personality wise, she is loyal, energetic, loves to play with other puppies, and when she tires out, she wants to sit at the feet of the human of her affection; that's me. She also loves it when I let her sit on my lap or at the end of our bed. She loves to be near her family. Her hair is lovely too; a little course so she can shake and presto she is clean. Great for a climate with four seasons.
This is Nalla our newest addition. She is Dani Sue's puppy. Her father was the number one Cardigan in Canada at the time of the breeding. His name is Bluetrix's Zorro Longmire, an energetic black and white Cardigan with a bold personality.
Nalla enjoys playing as all puppies do! I will be introducing her to Conformation at the puppy level in Spring of 2019. Until then I will do some obedience and socialization, and of course puppy classes!


Yet the annexation of Crimea wasn't the only crisis that could have been avoided. The European economy may have fared better in the Eurozone crisis had illicit cash flow not undermined the system's integrity.
Whistleblower John Christmas, exiled from Latvia in 2009, provided a perfect case study: a staggering fourteen of Latvia's seventeen major banks are offshore specialists for Central Asia and Eastern Europe. In 2008, Latvia's economy plummeted when Parex, Latvia's second largest bank (and Christmas's former employer), collapsed and was bailed out with taxpayer money. Puzzlingly, however, the taxpayer-funded European Bank for Reconstruction and Development bought a 25% stake in the virtually worthless Parex for a staggering $104M. This purchase was later revealed as fraudulent due to a secret "put option" which made the transaction reversible. In 2010, when Parex split and created the Reverta and Citadele Banks, the EBRD received a huge return on its investment in Citadele, though all other Parex shareholders received nothing. Neither Citadele nor EBRD has offered an explanation.
There isn't one silver bullet to eliminating the outflow of capital from developing economies, but the United States and the West can start by making it more difficult to stash the proceeds of corruption in their banks and behind anonymous companies incorporated in their jurisdictions. The U.S. can start by adopting the Incorporation Transparency and Law Enforcement Assistance Act, currently in the Senate Judiciary Committee.


This Whole30 Lasagna Soup tastes just like lasagna in a bowl! It's super easy to make and is topped with a creamy Whole30 Dairy Free Ricotta for that classic cheesy lasagna taste.
I can't even begin to tell you how much we LOVE this One-Pot Whole30 and Keto Lasagna Soup!!! It tastes just like lasagna – but without all the work and dishes!
I used the meat-layer recipe from my traditional lasagna, added some chicken broth, thin-sliced zucchini to give it some texture similar to lasagna noodles, and then topped it with dairy free ricotta for that classic cheesy lasagna taste.
Start by browning a pound of beef, breakfast sausage, and garlic in a large pot or dutch oven.
Then, add diced tomatoes, tomato paste, chicken broth, oregano, basil, parsley, salt and pepper. Bring it to a boil.
While the soup is coming to a boil, cut the ends off a zucchini and chop it width-wise into very thin circles. I used a Mandolin Slicer, but chopping by hand will work just fine too.
After that, chop the circles in half.
If you're not Paleo, Keto, or following a Whole30, you could easily sub out the zucchini for your favorite GF pasta. I would recommend gluten free lasagna noodles broken into bite-sized pieces. Just add the noodles to the boiling soup and boil as directed on the package.
Add the zucchini to the boiling soup and boil for 3 to 4 minutes, or until the zucchini is tender. Stir in the balsamic vinegar to give it that extra special sweet-tart flavor and you're all done! Top it with my Whole30 Dairy Free Ricotta to give it some cheesy goodness if desired and garnish with basil or parsley.
I highly recommend using half beef and half breakfast sausage because the sausage adds tons of flavor. However, you can use all beef if you prefer.
If you are not grain free, keto, or doing a Whole30, you can substitute the zucchini for gluten free noodles. I recommend using GF lasagna noodles broken into small pieces. Simply add the noodles to the boiling soup instead of the zucchini and boil as directed on the package.
Please don't skip the balsamic vinegar! Its add a sweet tartness and depth of flavor and takes the soup to the next level.
Looking for more Keto and Whole30 recipes? You may also like my Meatball Soup, Chicken Piccata, and Beef Stroganoff!!
This Whole30 Lasagna Soup tastes just like lasagna in a bowl! It's super easy to make and is topped with a creamy Whole30 Dairy Free Ricotta for that classic cheesy lasagna taste.
Add the ground beef, sausage, and garlic. Cook until browned, breaking up meat with a wooden spoon as needed. Drain fat if desired.
Stir in the diced tomatoes, tomato paste, oregano, basil, parsley, salt, pepper, and chicken broth. Bring to a boil.
While soup is heating up, chop the ends off of the zucchini then chop them width-wise into very thin circles. Then, chop the circles in half.
Once the soup is boiling, add the zucchini. Boil 3-4 minutes, or until zucchini is tender.
Stir in the balsamic vinegar. Taste and adjust seasonings as needed and serve topped with dairy free ricotta.
For lower carb count, reduce the tomato paste to 3 oz. and reduce or omit the zucchini. Nutritional Info does not include Ricotta.
This looks AMAZING! By far the most interesting lasagna recipe I've seen. I can't wait to try it.
Thanks so much Suzanne! I can't wait to you to try it too!!!
About how muvh do you think one serving size of this soup would be? Im looking forward to making this, this week!
I made this last night without the breakfast sausage to save calories. It was so delicious! I will definitely be making this again soon!
Thank you Amanda, I'm excited you liked it! Thanks for letting me know it was even good without the sausage!!! I never tried it without the sausage because I was worried it would taste bland, but I guess not!!!
Just made this soup for dinner tonight. It was REALLY good. Perfect for a cold night. We loved it.
YAY Lee, thank you! I'm so excited you liked it!!!
I haven't tried freezing it, but I'd imagine it would freeze very well!
This is an easy dinner the whole family will love! Looks so cozy and delicious!


War is a chameleon, possessed of an infinite capacity to adapt itself to changing circumstances. But in adapting, it preserves its essential nature: brutal, capricious and subject to only precarious control. With the passing of the Cold War, some well-meaning observers have speculated that war is on its last legs, its further intrusion into the realm of politics neither useful nor welcome. Dazzled by the ostensible transformative potential of the information and biotech revolutions, others have conjured up phantasms of war rendered kinder and gentler, offering the advanced powers a precise and predictable instrument for coming to the assistance of the oppressed and correcting the world's injustices. From this perspective, armed force promises to become more purposeful and less subject to chance than ever before.
Unfolding events, whether those that have been subjected to intense scrutiny, as in Iraq, or those largely ignored, as in Africa's Great Lakes region, have damaged these expectations. Did the collapse of Communism turn the world upside down? Did the events of 9/11 a decade later upend it once again? Whether or not they did, war has not disappeared or become more benign, but remains what it has been for millennia: for the ruthless who are impatient to enforce their agenda, an irresistible temptation; for soldiers, an ugly, dirty (if for a tiny minority also seductive) business; for non-combatants caught in the crossfire, a threat to their daily existence. And yet for all that, our prospects of maintaining even a fragile peace and of preserving a semblance of justice will inevitably require nations from time to time to demonstrate the capacity and the will to use force.
Defined by Clausewitz as the continuation of politics by other means, war enjoys a relationship to politics that is far more intimate than that classic formulation allows. It is the first-born son of politics. Although from age to age the nature of the bond joining parent and offspring may vary, the connecting tissue itself remains indissoluble. To fancy otherwise – speculating about one without realistically accounting for the other – is to disregard all of recorded history. Yet a remarkable number of writers persist in trying.
To be fair, John Mueller, a leading figure in the war-is-dead school, does not so much ignore the past as twist it to suit his purposes. But in the twisting, The Remnants of War renders history all but unrecognisable. The result is a book that conveys a relentlessly sunny outlook – war is today 'obsolescent, if not obsolete', Mueller announces, and may soon 'shrivel up and disappear' altogether – while also coming across as both glib and tendentious. According to Mueller, over the course of the 20th century civilised peoples everywhere came to view war as 'essentially absurd'. World War One convinced Britain and its dominions along with France and most of Europe; World War Two educated laggards such as Germany, Italy and Japan; by the end of the Cold War, nations across the developed world had 'substantially abandoned war as a method for dealing with their disagreements'.
Into this tidy and optimistic narrative, the endemic violence that marred the postwar era barely intrudes. For Mueller, the conflicts that erupted in Indochina, Korea, the Middle East and elsewhere qualify as minor anachronistic kerfuffles. He dismisses the carnage that has characterised the period since the collapse of Communism as merely the handiwork of a few opportunistic thugs – and not to be dignified with the label 'war'. Criminals like Slobodan Milosevic or Osama bin Laden might still cling to the notion of force retaining some utility, but they have become oddities, primitive survivors from another era. Enlightened people around the world, Mueller asserts, know better, and among them a collective determination has taken root to resolve disputes without resorting to arms. The world, for all practical purposes, is becoming like Canada.
It is a happy prospect: Israelis and Palestinians, Indians and Pakistanis, Russian nationalists and Chechen separatists, the myriad adherents of Islamic radicalism and all the restless tribes and ethnic groups of Africa embracing a Canada-like aversion to violence. A happy prospect, but an improbable one: to appreciate the far greater likelihood that war will persist, one need look no further than Canada's neighbour to the south.
Although Mueller teaches in Ohio, one of the now-famous 'red states' that elected the warrior-president George W. Bush to a second term, he seems largely oblivious to the fact that a clear majority of Americans consider war to be anything but obsolete. Political elites in the United States came away from the Cold War enamoured of military power. Events of the 1990s persuaded many politicians, liberals like Madeleine Albright no less than neo-cons like Paul Wolfowitz, that force works. As a consequence, when after 9/11 Bush committed the US to an open-ended 'global war', few dissented. Most Americans concluded that war offered just the ticket. Recent developments, including the fiasco of Iraq, have yet to break the consensus that the exercise of dominant military power is the preferred means of dealing with the threat posed by radical Islam.
This American infatuation with military power is partly explained by the conviction, popularised by members of the national security apparat, that the United States is well on its way towards reinventing warfare, liberating it from the waste and unpredictability that characterised armed conflict throughout the 20th century. Since the immediate aftermath of Vietnam, the US government, supported by intellectuals in think-tanks such as RAND and by weapons contractors in hot pursuit of the next big payday, has poured resources into this effort to reimagine war. The project has produced a vast, if arcane literature, to which Europeans have contributed considerably.
The Future of War, by Christopher Coker, exemplifies this literature at its giddiest. Styling his book as a manifesto, Coker proclaims, contra Mueller, that 'there is nothing to suggest that we will be going out of the war business – indeed, quite the opposite.' As Coker sees it, war's best days are still to come. The opportunity to 'reinvent war and fight it more imaginatively' is within easy reach. As never before, force, if properly employed, is becoming rational, effective and humane. Rather than wreaking havoc, armies will conduct themselves so as 'to preserve the human habitat that enhances the quality of life and thus makes life worth living'. In the campaigns of the future, 'killing could be made redundant.' Equipped with advanced military capabilities, enlightened nations will be able to 'punish better with a clearer conscience'.
The magic ingredient enabling war to break free from its blood-encrusted past is technology. Coker's reveries about postmodern, post-industrial, post-heroic warfare derive from a radical vision of a world transformed by technological change. In that world, everything will be knowable and nothing will resist manipulation; men and machines will merge, forfeiting their separate identities and coming into ever closer collaboration.
Coker seems besotted with this prospect, and depicts it as immediately at hand. 'We now inhabit a network world which we share with computers,' he writes. 'Our humanity has been redefined for us. To be a genius is to have greater situational awareness . . . Wisdom has largely become a matter of information processing.' For Coker, the networked world implies invincible networked armies; improved situational awareness will yield generals of genius, able to run rings around a Bonaparte or a Patton even on his best day; pharmacological enhancements will yield a new breed of super-soldiers; the ever increasing capacity to process information will unravel the enduring mysteries of statecraft, enabling pretenders like Bush and Blair to take their place alongside such larger-than-life figures as Roosevelt and Churchill.
To which expectations one might reply: Fallujah. Not Fallujah alone, of course: there is also Pristina and Sarajevo, Grozny and Jenin, Mogadishu and Kigali, any one of which ought to dampen fanciful expectations that clichés lifted from the so-called information revolution will purge war of its dark side anytime soon. To imagine that precision weapons, night-vision devices and broadband communications will determine the outcome of armed conflicts makes as much sense as crediting cleats, pads and helmets with enabling the New England Patriots to win the Super Bowl. In both cases, the analysis misconstrues the essence of the competition.
On one point at least, Coker is correct: war does indeed have a future. But that future will maintain continuity with the past, as the chameleon conforms to new conditions. Of the books considered here, only Herfreid Münkler's The New Wars demonstrates anything like an adequate appreciation of what that process of adaptation promises to produce. Acknowledging that large-scale conventional conflict between nation-states may be waning, Münkler advances the proposition that new forms of violence have already appeared to fill the void; or, perhaps more accurately, that very old forms of violence have taken on a new life. The disappearance of 'large wars' is 'not synonymous with the dawning of perpetual peace', he observes, 'but goes hand in hand with the spread of small wars'. In this context, small does not imply insignificant: such conflicts can be as vicious, costly and difficult to control as any of the great power clashes of the 19th or 20th centuries. Münkler offers two explanations for this.
First, military entrepreneurs – mercenaries, warlords, paramilitary chieftains – have shattered the state's erstwhile monopoly of force: armed conflict is becoming privatised. In a world awash with weapons and in regions awash with unemployed young males, wars have become cheap to wage. Relying on internationally supported refugee camps as supply depots and recruiting bases, they are easy to sustain. For those calling the shots, they are frequently profitable as well – profit figuring prominently as a motive for going to war in the first place.
Second, the conduct of these small wars has become increasingly asymmetric. The typical armed conflict today no longer pits like against like – field army v. field army or battle fleet v. battle fleet – and usually there is no longer even the theoretical prospect of a decisive outcome. In asymmetric conflicts, combatants employ violence indirectly. The aim is not to defeat but to intimidate and to terrorise, with women a favoured target and sexual assault often the weapon of choice. In what Münkler refers to as 'the margins and the breaches of the former empires', places of seemingly perpetual disorder, it is no longer possible even to say that such wars are conducted; rather, they conduct themselves, smouldering on indefinitely and frustrating even the best-equipped conventional forces. They end not when one army vanquishes its opposite number, but when one side gives up in despair or collapses from exhaustion.
Münkler's perspective is hardly uplifting. But it offers the advantage of accurately reflecting contemporary reality. We can, of course, choose to disregard that reality and cling to the expectation that very soon now humankind will once and for all turn away from war or cleverly devise the technological means enabling us to tame it and make it do our bidding. But as with Bush's insistence that by waging a global war on terror the United States will purge the world of tyranny and put an end to evil, such utopian expectations amount to an exercise in evasion.
It is one of the peculiarities of the age that Europeans and Americans alike have somehow lost their ability to see war as it really is. In the process, we have, from our vantage points on opposite sides of the Atlantic, traded illusions. Mainstream European thinking today reflects the profound scepticism about war and armies that until the 20th century was the conventional wisdom among Americans (though such convictions never stopped the United States from taking the sword to anyone impeding the republic's march across North America). With the partial exception of the UK, Europe has become and seems destined to remain permanently debellicised.
Meanwhile, public opinion in the United States, with the successful conclusion of the Cold War seemingly affirming God's intentions to extend the 'American Century' to the end of time, has embraced views that once found favour in imperial Germany and among Frenchmen eager to liberate Alsace-Lorraine: a tendency to romanticise soldiers, to entertain outsized expectations about the efficacy of force, and to see armed might as the paramount expression of national greatness. The American public has, at the very least, engaged in a sustained flirtation with militarism. The US today – especially in undertaking the Bush administration's promised transformation of the greater Middle East – has chosen to play what Americans a hundred or more years ago disdainfully referred to as the 'European Game'. Present-day Americans have managed to forget what their forebears once knew instinctively: that the game does not end happily.
Lost along the way, in Europe and the United States alike, has been a balanced appreciation of war's role in history and of the inescapable, if problematic role of force as a component of statecraft. As a consequence, on both sides of the Atlantic, a dreamy absence of realism prevails, well-meaning Europeans with their heads in the sand, angry Americans with blood in their eyes.


On Wednesday April 27, 2011, Patriot Land and Wildlife Project Manager Ryan Schultze was invited to be a guest speaker at the University of Maryland, College Park campus, to a senior-level Animal Sciences class about community-based deer management. "Critical Thinking" is the capstone course in the Animal Sciences Department of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, challenging students to analyze and solve a variety of real issues involving the dynamics between animals, wildlife, the environment, and humans.
The class was lead by invited speaker Nevin Dawson, Forestry Stewardship Educator from theUniversity of Maryland Extension. Nevin provided students with a background of white-tailed deer in Maryland and discussed problems caused by deer such as lack of forest undergrowth due to overbrowsing, ornamental vegetation and agricultural crop damage, Lyme disease, deer vs. vehicle accidents, etc. Several activities were facilitated for students to consider different situations involving deer damage and challenging them to think of ways to solve them.
To provide a real-world perspective of deer management and all the factors that come into play, Ryan Schultze of Patriot provided two case studies of community-based deer management, highlighting various challenges often faced when implementing a deer management program, specific successes of Patriot's programs and how they affect the community, and how such programs are beneficial for stakeholders like farmers, homeowners, hunters, and the general community.


Head lice are tiny-fast moving grey/brown insects and can be as big as a match head when fully grown.
Where do you find head lice?
The school nurse does not examine children's hair for head lice because this has proved to be an ineffective policy.
A nit is the empty egg shell of the head louse which, when laid, is firmly glued to the hair close to the scalp. They cannot be brushed off the hair like dandruff.
They crawl from one head to another when in close contact with each other.
How do you know if you have got head lice?
The aim is to check hair regularly.
Weekly systematic combing is the best method of detection, by combing wet conditioned hair in sections with a head lice detection comb. The conditioner helps prevent the head lice from moving.
Parents should regularly check their child's hair for lice. If live lice are found then treatment is necessary.
There are two methods to eradicate head lice. It is important that whichever method is chosen, it is carried out systematically.
There are two types, insecticides containing chemicals (which kill lice and eggs) and insecticides that do not contain chemicals (which kill lice).
If you find your child has live head lice treat their infested head with a preparation available from the chemist (some are only available on prescription).
Carefully read and follow the instructions on the packet to ensure the treatment is effective.
One treatment of chemical insecticide consists of two applications seven days apart with a standard application time of 12 hours or overnight. Non chemical insecticides should be left to dry for 8 hours or overnight. A second application is required to kill lice hatching from eggs that may have survived the first treatment.
Shampoos, mousses, rinses or products that are put on the head less than this are not recommended.
Condition wet hair to make it slippery and to immobilise the lice, then comb through with a head lice detection comb to remove all live lice. It is important to comb all the hair by using a systematic sectioning method so that no area of the head is missed.
Repeat every three days for a fortnight. This breaks the life cycle by catching new lice as they hatch out. This prevents them from laying eggs.
Re-usable bug busting kits are available from most high street chemists.
Tell everyone that has been in close contact with the individual so that they can take action as well.


Hello to whoever might be listening. I'll try to detail my situation and maybe someone will have insight into why this isn't working.
Soldered a couple male USB connectors and a female USB connector to rig these items together in various configurations.
While holding down the Chromecast button, the best I get is a couple blinks out of the USB sticks. It seems like something is happening, but it doesn't kick off the entire imaging process.
Both OTG cables work to connect a mouse to my Nexus 7.
I have the same issue, maybe a blink or two on the stick followed by a few colored dots on the right side of the screen. You can actually see the screen I am talking about in the video posted in the gtvhacker blog: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pl ... W38nEleiBM I have tried different power supplies/usb sticks to no avail. Purchased my OTG cable from atomicmarket a few years ago, I assume that's where the issues lie.
I assumed it was my OTG cable too. That's why I busted out my soldering iron and made a fresh one myself. Same result. A couple blinks and colored dots on the screen.
garhomes wrote: I have the same issue, maybe a blink or two on the stick followed by a few colored dots on the right side of the screen. You can actually see the screen I am talking about in the video posted in the gtvhacker blog: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pl ... W38nEleiBM I have tried different power supplies/usb sticks to no avail. Purchased my OTG cable from atomicmarket a few years ago, I assume that's where the issues lie.
EDIT: FIXED! Ran through the same dd.exe process in Ubuntu, worked perfectly when I tried it. I originally used Win7, so maybe there is some problem during the writing process. Now you know! Use Linux.
$#@! Spent the last couple hours getting Linux running to make sure the image is written to the USB drive 100% properly. Now my Chromecast goes to the Updating splash screen, even if I'm holding down the recovery button. I'm not letting it run the update in hopes I can still get root access. It will be collecting dust until there is a solution. Grumble.
So, I am ripping my Chromecast apart.
What's the easiest way to attach leads to the UART pins?
Might there be some information gained from an update process log that might lead to another exploit vector?
Any brute force way to short out the device and get the update to fail? I'm willing to risk frying the device.


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Democracy Is Down but Not Out
If we extrapolate from the current trend lines, democracy will be gone in a couple decades, melted away like the polar ice. But although down, democracy is not out.
President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus in Belgrade, Serbia on 12/3/2019. © Sasa Dzambic Photography / Shutterstock
By John Feffer
Alexander Lukashenko, the Belarussian dictator, snatches a dissident from midair. Military strongman Assimi Goita launches another coup in Mali. Benjamin Netanyahu escalates a military conflict to save his own political skin in Israel. In the United States, the Republican Party launches a full-court press to suppress the vote.
Authoritarianism, like war, makes headlines. It's hard for democracy to compete against political crackdowns, military coups and unhinged pronouncements. Sure, democracies engage in periodic elections and produce landmark pieces of legislation. But what makes democracy, like peace, successful is not the unexpected rupture, such as the election of Barack Obama, but the boring quotidian. Citizens express their opinions in public meetings. Lawmakers receive constituents in their offices. Potholes get fixed. That's not exactly clickbait.
Because the absence of war doesn't make headlines, as Stephen Pinker has argued, the news media amplifies the impression that violence is omnipresent and constantly escalating when it splashes mass murder, genocide and war crimes on the front page. Peace may well be prevalent, but it isn't newsworthy.
Russia Ramps Up Pressure Against Kremlin Critics
The same can be said about democracy, which has been suffering for some time from bad press. Democracies have been dragged down by corruption, hijacked by authoritarian politicians, associated with unpopular economic reforms and proven incapable (so far) of addressing major global problems like the climate crisis. After a brief surge in popularity in the immediate post-Cold War period, democracy according to the general consensus has been in retreat.
Judging from recent quantitative assessments, the retreat has become a rout. The title of the latest Freedom House survey, for instance, is "Democracy Under Siege." The report details how freedom around the world has eroded for the last 15 years, with 2020 featuring the greatest decline yet. The Economist Intelligence Unit, which produces a Democracy Index every year, promoted its 2020 report with the headline, "Global Democracy Has a Very Bad Year." The authoritarian responses to the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the worst showing so far for the model, with the average global score plummeting from the previous year. Meanwhile, the Rule of Law Index for 2020 also registered a drop for the third year in a row.
If we extrapolate from the current trend lines, democracy will be gone in a couple of decades, melted away like the polar ice. But it's always dangerous to make such extrapolations given history's tendency to move in cycles not straight lines. So, let's look at some reasons why democracy might be in for a comeback.
The Pandemic Recedes in America
Much of the reason for democracy's dismal record in 2020 was the expansion of executive power and state controls in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Some of those power grabs, such as Vladimir Putin's constitutional changes in Russia, are still in place. Some countries, like India and Brazil, are still struggling with both COVID-19 and powerful authoritarian leaders.
But even with the continued high rate of infection in a number of countries, the overall trajectory of the disease is downward. Since peaking in late April, the reported number of global cases has dropped nearly by half. So, two trend lines are now intersecting: the lifting of pandemic restrictions and the backlash against hapless authoritarians.
Americans, for instance, are coming to terms with both the retreat of COVID and the removal of Donald Trump from the White House, Facebook and Twitter. The Biden administration is undoing many of Trump's undemocratic moves, including those imposed during the pandemic around immigration and refugees. The attempts by the Republican Party to tamp down voter turnout proved spectacularly unsuccessful in 2020, which despite the pandemic featured the largest-ever increase in votes from one election to the next. In terms of the voting-age population, you have to go back to 1960 to find an election with a higher percentage turnout than the 62% rate in 2020.
This surge in voters helped put Joe Biden over the top. It has also motivated the Republican Party to redouble its efforts, this time at the state level, to suppress the vote. It is doing so under the false narrative that electoral fraud is widespread and that President Biden's victory is somehow illegitimate. And it is setting the stage to orchestrate an authentic election theft in 2024.
The backlash against these anti-democratic moves has been encouraging, however. When the state of Georgia passed its voting restrictions in April, pressure from voting rights advocates forced prominent Georgia corporations like Coca-Cola and Delta to reverse themselves and come out against the bill (though only after the bill had already passed). Major League Baseball pulled its all-star game from Atlanta, and Hollywood has also threatened a boycott.
These moves motivated Texas-based companies to protest that state's version of voting restrictions before the legislature scheduled a vote. None of that stopped Texas Republicans from pushing ahead with the bill. So, last weekend, Texas Democrats had to deploy the nuclear option of walking out of the chamber to stop the vote suppression bill from passing. These courageous Texans, up against a powerful and determined state Republican Party, are now looking to the federal government to safeguard voting rights.
At the federal level, the Democrats have put forward for the second time a comprehensive voting reform bill, the For the People Act, to expand access, reduce corruption and limit the impact of money on politics. The House approved a version of this bill in 2019, but it died in the Republican-controlled Senate. The House passed the reboot in March, but it again faces a difficult road to passage in the Senate because filibuster rules require at least 60 votes to pass and Democrats can muster only 50 (plus the vice-president's).
A failure to find "10 good Republicans" for this bill, the cadre that Senator Joe Manchin naively expected to step forward to pass legislation creating a commission to investigate the January 6 insurrection on Capitol Hill, may finally push the Democrats to scrap or at least significantly modify the filibuster rules, which were famously used to block further enfranchisement of African-Americans in the 20th century.
High voter turnout and efforts to secure voting rights are not the only signs of a healthy US democracy. Last year, the largest civic protests in US history took place as tens of millions of Americans expressed their disgust with police violence in the wake of the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis. Civic organizations stepped forward to fight the pandemic and ensure more equitable access to vaccines. Young people, in particular, are engaged in large numbers on the climate crisis, gun control and reproductive health. After a long winter of discontent under Trump, perhaps it's time for an "American Spring."
Mixed Record Elsewhere for Democracy
Europe, meanwhile, is coming out of the pandemic in slightly stronger shape politically. The budget compromise that took place at the end of 2020, which ended up providing considerable relief to the economically disadvantaged countries of the southern tier, effectively saved the European Union from disintegrating out of a lack of solidarity. Alas, the compromise also watered down the EU's criticism of its easternmost members, particularly Poland and Hungary, for their violations of the bloc's commitments to human rights and rule of law.
But there's hope on the horizon here as well. Eastern Europe appears to be on the verge of a political sea change. Voters brought down Bulgaria's right-wing populist leader Boyko Borissov in elections in April, and the new caretaker government has begun to dismantle his political system of cronyism. In Slovenia, tens of thousands of protesters have massed in the capital of Ljubljana, the largest demonstration in years, to demand the resignation of the Trump-like prime minister Janez Jansa. The near-total ban on abortion orchestrated by the right-wing government in Poland has motivated mass protests by women throughout the country, and even "Polish grannies" have mobilized in support of a free press and the rule of law. A finally united opposition in Hungary, meanwhile, is catching up in the polls to Prime Minister Viktor Orban ahead of elections next year.
The far right, with their contempt for human rights, free media, rule of law and political checks and balances, are the greatest threat to democracy within democracies. Fortunately, they are not doing very well in Western Europe either. The anti-immigrant Alternative für Deutschland has witnessed a significant drop in support in Germany, while Lega in Italy has also declined in popularity. Golden Dawn has disappeared from the scene in Greece. Vox is still the third most popular party in Spain, but it hasn't managed to rise much above 15% in the polls, which is the same story for the Sweden Democrats (stuck at around 19%). Only in France and Finland are the far-right parties continuing to prosper. Marine Le Pen currently leads the polls against French President Emmanuel Macron ahead of next year's election, while the Finns Party leads by a couple of percentage points in the polls but with elections not likely before 2023.
Elsewhere in the world, the pandemic may result in more political casualties for far-right populists, as they get caught in the ebbing of the Trump wave. Brazilians are protesting throughout the country under the banner of impeaching Jair Bolsonaro, a president who, like Trump, has compiled a spectacularly poor record in dealing with COVID-19. Bolsonaro's approval rating has fallen to a new low under 25%. The still-popular former leader Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, recently cleared by the courts to run again for office, appears to be assembling a broad political coalition to oust Bolsonaro in the elections set for next year.
Hard-right leader Ivan Duque has achieved the distinction of being the least popular leader in Colombian history. Politically, it doesn't matter so much, since he can't run again for president in next year's election. But the public's disgust with the violence in Colombia and the economic inequality exacerbated by the pandemic will likely apply as well to any of his would-be hard-right successors.
The extraordinary mishandling of the pandemic in India has had a similar effect on Prime Minister Narendra Modi's popularity, which has also recently fallen to a new low. However, after seven years in office, he remains quite popular, with a 63% approval rating.
Modi's Teflon reputation speaks to the fragility of democracy in many parts of the world. Many voters are attracted to right-wing nationalists like Modi — Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Turkey, Rodrigo Duterte in the Philippines, Nayib Bukele in El Salvador — who promise to "get the job done" regardless of the political and economic costs. Such leaders can rapidly turn a democratic country into a putatively democratic one, which makes the step into authentic authoritarianism that much easier.
The coups in Mali and Myanmar, China's crackdown in Hong Kong, the enduring miseries in North Korea, Venezuela and Eritrea — these are all reminders that, however fragile democracy might be in formally democratic states, politics can always get a lot worse.
Lukashenko: Strong or Weak?
Take the example of Belarus, where Alexander Lukashenko has ruled supreme since 1994. Thanks to his own ruthlessness and the patronage of neighboring Russia, Lukashenko has weathered mass protests that would have ousted leaders of weaker disposition.
His latest outrage was to order the grounding of a Ryanair flight from Greece to Lithuania as it was flying over Belarus — just so that he could apprehend a young dissident, Roman Protasevich, and his Russian girlfriend, Sofia Sapega. Virtually everyone has decried this blatant violation of international laws and norms with the exception, of course, of Putin and others in the Russian president's orbit. The editor of the Russian media conglomerate RT, Margarita Simonyan, tweeted, "Never did I think I would envy Belarus. But now I do. [Lukashenko] performed beautifully."
Lukashenko indeed came across as all-powerful in this episode. But this is an illusion. Putin has not hesitated to assassinate his critics, even when they are living outside Russia. Lukashenko doesn't have that kind of reach or audacity, so he has to wait until dissidents are within his own airspace to strike. I'd like to believe that the opposition in Belarus takes heart from this desperate move — is Lukashenko really so scared of a single dissident? — and doubles down on its efforts to oust the tyrant.
Outside of Putin and his toadies, Lukashenko doesn't have many defenders. This elaborate effort to capture a dissident only further isolates the Belarussian strongman. Even putatively democratic states, like Poland and Hungary, have unequivocally denounced Lukashenko.
Anti-democratic actions like the Ryanair stunt capture headlines in ways that pro-democratic efforts rarely do. Honestly, had you even heard of Roman Protasevich before this affair? Along with all the other depressing news of the day, from Texas to Mali, this brazen move suggests that democracy is teetering on the edge of an abyss.
But all the patient organizing against the strongmen that doesn't make it into the news will ultimately prove the fragility of tyranny. When it comes to anti-democrats like Lukashenko, they will one day discover that the military, the police and the party have abandoned them. And it will be they who teeter at the abyss, their hands scrabbling for a secure hold, when along comes democracy to give them a firm pat on the back.
*[This article was originally published by FPIF.]
The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect Fair Observer's editorial policy.
CategoriesAmerican News, Central & South Asia, Donald Trump News, Europe, Europe News, European politics news, In-Depth, India News, Indian politics news, Joe Biden, Latin America & the Caribbean, North America, Politics, US news, US politics news, World Leaders News, World News TagsAlexander Lukashenko, Belarus, brazil, Donald Trump, Jair Bolsonaro, Joe Biden, John Feffer, Republican Party, Russia, Vladimir Putin
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Catharine Bowman | Top 40 Under 40 2019
By Christina Frangou October 29, 2019 October 30, 2019
As a teenager, Catharine Bowman came up with an idea for a potential pharmacological treatment for lymphedema. Now in her early 20s, her idea is moving closer to reality as she continues to raise awareness about this common and sometimes painful condition associated with cancer.
Job title: Student, Bachelor of Health Sciences, UCalgary; Researcher; Board Director, Alberta Lymphedema Association.
When she was just eight years old, Catharine Bowman watched her mother struggle with lymphedema, an inflammatory condition that often develops following cancer treatment. "I promised her then that I would develop one of the first pharmacological treatments for the disease," Bowman says. It was a pretty impressive promise for a kid. But even more impressive was that seven years later, she was well on her way.
At 14, while reading a story about the lupine flower in Canadian Gardening magazine, Bowman had her eureka moment. She wondered if the anti-inflammatory compounds in the flower could be used to reduce the swelling and pain of lymphedema.
She wrote to scientists across Canada looking for someone working on something similar and eventually connected with Dr. Pierre-Yves von der Weid at the University of Calgary. In the summer before Grade 11, Bowman flew from her home in Hamilton to Calgary to start her research. "I'm really grateful to have mentors who looked beyond my age and instead, focused on my abilities. That made a difference," she says.
She gives credit, too, to her older brother, a scientist who taught her advanced statistics while she was in junior high.
Now 21, Bowman is in her last year of study for her bachelor of health sciences degree at UCalgary with plans to pursue an MD/PhD. She continues to lead a research project into the same compound she learned about six years ago, and presents at international and national conferences, applies for grant funding and partners with researchers and patients across Canada.
She is now also studying the psychosocial aspects of lymphedema, which helps her better understand what her mother went through, and is exploring non-invasive lymphatic imaging technology.
"As a scientist, people think of us looking in microscopes and things like that. But I'm motivated to produce work that has the ability to help people and connect people," Bowman says.
While she is obviously focused on her research question she still finds time to relax by writing and playing music. She sings, plays guitar, piano, bass, drums and ukulele, and performs as a busker or at long-term care homes and church. "It's a different way to share a part of myself," she says.
This article appears in the November 2019 issue of Avenue Calgary.


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Society of Toxicology meeting to feature sessions led by NIEHS and NTP
Scientists from NIEHS and the National Toxicology Program will be involved in numerous sessions at the upcoming SOT meeting in New Orleans.
By Robin Mackar
Scientists from NIEHS and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) will be involved in numerous sessions at the upcoming 55th annual Society of Toxicology (SOT) meeting March 13-17 in New Orleans.
Recognizing the impact of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion, with millions of barrels of oil released into the Gulf of Mexico, SOT will hold a session of regional interest, "The Toxicological Implications of the Gulf Oil Spill: Research Accomplishments and Research Needs," on Monday, March 14. The panel will include NIEHS and NTP Director Linda Birnbaum, Ph.D.; Bernard Goldstein, M.D., from the University of Pittsburgh; Maureen Lichtveld, M.D., from Tulane University; and others.
The special Gulf session is one of more than 150 scientific sessions planned for the meeting focused on toxicological research and the role it plays in protecting health. The event will also include thousands of abstract presentations, several continuing education courses, career guidance and support, student activities, and awards. Among the 350 exhibitors, NIEHS will display its award-winning exhibit showcasing work from NIEHS, NTP, and the journal Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP).
Visit the NIEHS website for a more complete list of the NIEHS and NTP presence at the meeting.
Opportunities to meet NIEHS, NTP, and EHP staff
Each year, the well-attended Meet the Directors session provides attendees the opportunity to hear from agency leaders about new directions and research opportunities, while also providing participants time to ask questions. This year, Birnbaum will be joined by Pamela McInnes, D.D.S., deputy director of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), on Monday, from 1:30-2:30 p.m., in Room 220.
Both NIEHS and NCATS are part of Tox21, a multiagency research initiative aimed at improving regulatory hazard assessment of potentially harmful substances. They are working with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to make toxicology a more predictive science. Bring your questions, and come to hear Birnbaum discuss some of the upcoming 50th anniversary events that NIEHS has planned to celebrate its five decades of environmental health research.
Another popular event offered at SOT is the opportunity to meet one-on-one with staff from the Division of Extramural Research and Training (DERT), to talk about funding and training opportunities. Program and review staff will be available in room 204, Monday through Wednesday, to answer questions and provide guidance on the NIH grant process. No appointment is necessary. A brown bag luncheon on Monday, from noon to 1:30 p.m., offers the chance to meet staff, hear some lessons learned about the grant and review process, and network.
The new editor of Environmental Health Perspectives, Sally Perreault Darney, Ph.D., will be available at the exhibit, Monday through Wednesday during the early afternoon, to meet with potential authors and answer questions about the journal.
Continuing education classes and satellite meeting
Some excellent continuing education classes are also being led by NIEHS. Ron Mason, Ph.D., of the Division of Intramural Research, and his team will lead an advanced course, Advancing the Detection, Imaging, and Pitfalls in Monitoring Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease, on Sunday, March 13, from 8:15 a.m.–noon. Mamta Behl, Ph.D., from NTP, will co-chair a basic course, Zebrafish as a Tool in Toxicology and Drug Discovery Screening, on Sunday from 1:15–5:00 p.m.
Lisa Chadwick, Ph.D., from DERT, will help lead a satellite meeting, A Toxicology User's Guide to the Roadmap Epigenomics and ENCODE Data, from 1:00-6:00 p.m. on Thursday, March 17.
(Robin Mackar is the news director in the NIEHS Office of Communications and Public Liaison and a frequent contributor to the Environmental Factor.)
Strong presence on SOT governing body
Paul Foster, Ph.D., head of the NTP Toxicology Branch, was elected to a three-year term as an SOT councilor, beginning May 1. Councilors are among the 13 elected officials that control and administer the society. Foster is an internationally recognized expert in developmental and reproductive toxicology, as well as endocrine disruption. He has held numerous SOT positions over the years.
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Specialty Section 1987-present.
Scientific Program Committee 2009-2013.
Past President 2000-2001.
President 1999-2000.
Chair 1998-1999.
Vice President 1998-1999.
Vice President-elect 1997-1998.
Continuing Education Committee 1996-1999.
Foster expressed both surprise and delight at the election. "I am proud to be elected a leader in this organization," he said. "My vision for SOT is to maintain its preeminent position in the field of toxicology, globally, and to continue the society's strong emphasis on mentoring and training students in toxicology."
Michelle Hooth, Ph.D., also of NTP, was elected to serve on the SOT Awards Committee, one of the elected committees that support the society's mission. As head of the NTP Program Operations Branch, Hooth is committed to making sure that both NTP and SOT are seen as sources of reliable and credible information and data. Hooth says she will work to ensure that scientists representing the full breadth of the diverse disciplines in SOT are recognized for their contributions. Hooth has served on SOT committees before, including a just completed elected role on the SOT Membership Committee.
Two NIEHS grantees were also elected to the SOT council. Mary Beth Genter, Ph.D., from the University of Cincinnati, will serve as a councilor. Genter, a neurotoxicologist who specializes in the olfactory system, also serves on the NTP Board of Scientific Counselors. And, longtime NIEHS grantee and neurotoxicology expert Michael Aschner, Ph.D., from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, will serve as Treasurer-elect.


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How to Prepare Now for the Demise of Third-Party Cookies
It's time to say farewell to the third-party cookie. In about 24 months Google will join Microsoft, Apple, and Mozilla in officially declaring the long-time tracking and measurement tool dead, a casualty of privacy initiatives.
Marketing opinions on the cookie vary widely. Yet it will be sorely missed for measurement, tracking, modeling, targeting, and a variety of other activities. Third-party replacement IDs, first-party IDs, and other replacement solutions pale in comparison.
What's your post-cookie Plan B? Few marketers and brands can afford to fly blind once Google pulls the final plug. This article offers a working action plan to help you:
Implement a strategy based on first-party data that extends your reach well beyond your customer database
Identify adtech partners that offer long-term cookie replacement fixes that are privacy compliant
Test promising new alternatives in a cookie-supported environment before time runs out
Reflecting on the multifunctional but imperfect tool
How the consumer-first evolution is changing the game
The adtech solutions fighting to solve post-cookie challenges
How the walled gardens fall short
It's time to prioritize a first-party data strategy
Seek martech-agnostic partners for guidance and testing
When Mike Weissberg first logged in to his email account at the LEGO® Group in August, the new senior programmatic manager had a surprise: There were already three messages from different martech providers hoping to hear back from him.
It was a shock, but not a big one: With Google's plans to stop supporting the third-party cookie in late 2023, solutions are jockeying to replace the identifier's capabilities. There's no time to waste for vendors seeking traction.
Many marketers, however, don't feel that same urgency. Two years may seem like a long way off. Why should they worry now about how they'll reach audiences on the open web and gauge the success of campaigns once the cookie goes away?
Fortunately for the eager salespeople — and the LEGO® Group — Weissberg sees it differently. He is continually on the lookout for privacy-safe solutions that will allow him to target accurately in the cookieless future.
"Will Google push things back? Maybe, but if suddenly a significant portion of your audience is inaccessible to you, then why would you take that risk?" Weissberg said. "It's not even a canary in a coal mine anymore. This is it. You have a deadline. The oxygen is running out. You have this much time left to get yourself into place."
This article, which includes an overview of the solution landscape and practical tips, aims to help marketers better understand and succeed on that journey.
The extinction of the third-party cookie, a foundational component of digital advertising, will undoubtedly be a huge disruption to the ecosystem. Eightytwo percent of industry players say identifying users is very important for their business, according to ID5's The State of Digital Identity Report-2021.
Many marketers base their core measurement infrastructure on the thirdparty cookie. Brands also rely on it for tasks like:
MEDIA MODELING
POST-CLICK AND POST-VIEW TRACKING AND ATTRIBUTION
FREQUENCY CAPPING
DYNAMIC CREATIVE OPTIMIZATION FOR PERSONALIZATION
Yet third-party cookies have never been ideal for digital advertising. They identify devices rather than individuals and lack cross-device and cross-browser reconciliation. Since internet users have different cookies for every browser and device they use to access a site — and because they can be deleted at will by users — cookies can throw off reach and frequency calculations.
In addition, platforms don't always recognize one another's cookies, so cookie syncing often results in leaks. This makes it hard for buyers to find all the users they care about. Cookie syncing also degrades the user experience by slowing web page downloads.
There are more deficiencies: With a half-life of a mere 7 to 30 days, according to IAB Europe, an individual third-party cookie can't be trusted for long. These digital identifiers also don't work in apps, and as Weissberg has learned firsthand, cookies have led to waste and a large amount of nonhuman traffic.
What is ultimately dooming the third-party cookie, however, is privacy concerns. (Ironically, the cookie wasn't initially intended for advertising and was actually designed to protect privacy.)
Consumers have become more aware and concerned about being tracked online and having their personal data shared across the ecosystem. PwC found that 46% of respondents said they became more data-conscious between October 2020 and March 2021. In addition, a 2021 Blockthrough report found that 56% of surveyed US internet users rated their online privacy as "extremely important," and 31% said it was "somewhat important."
Data-privacy concerns prompted the European Union to pass the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and lawmakers elsewhere have instituted their own privacy laws, including in California, Virginia and Colorado.
Digital advertisers, meanwhile, lost another way to use data to target specific users when Apple introduced AppTrackingTransparency in its iOS 14.5 release. App developers must now receive permission from users to track their activity across other companies' apps and websites. The change has left the ad industry searching for new signals that can be used for measurement.
As for the third-party cookie, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari and Microsoft Edge have already largely phased out support. Google is the last major holdout, and with Chrome owning a nearly 70% share of the global desktop browser market, it's an influential one.
So what does the future of addressability look like? Not even the most informed players in the ecosystem know for sure. A big open question pertains to measurement. "There's a lot of unknowns right now about which solutions will be used and how effective they'll be as well as what kind of granularity the advertising side will accept," said Isaac Schechtman, IPONWEB's Vice President, Head of Product and Solution Engineering — AdTech. Will measuring at a household level, versus one-to-one, be good enough?
A few predictions about the post-cookie landscape are gaining consensus, however. First, no one solution or even single bundle of solutions will ultimately replace the cookie. Also, brands will need to be more careful guardians of customer data. "I think the days of the data free-for-all are coming to an end," said Paul Bannister, chief strategy officer at CafeMedia, which manages digital advertising sales and operations for more than 3,000 publishers.
Today, there are largely four categories of alternatives vying to stand out in the industry and to be included in an individual brand's campaign mix:
Also known as universal IDS. These solutions, which dozens of players are creating, can identify users on the open web in a way that complies with privacy regulations and can last longer than today's cookie. Variations use different means, but many identifiers are based on deterministic data such as anonymized personally identifiable information (PII) that a user provides (the popular Unified ID 2.0 assigns IDs based on hashed email addresses) or probabilistic data modeling of a number of user touchpoints to approximate identity (such as identifiers provided by ID5 and Lotame). (See Diagram 1 in appendix.)
BROWSER SOLUTIONS
There are about a dozen active browser proposals that the industry references as the "avian" or "bird" solutions. Proposed cross-browser solutions include Microsoft's PARAKEET (Private and Anonymized Requests for Ads that Keep Efficacy and Enhance Transparency) and Criteo's SPARROW (Secure Private Advertising Remotely Run On Webserver).
Google, meanwhile, has the Privacy Sandbox for Chrome. It consists of a set of solutions in various levels of development that individually address a functionality of the third-party cookie, including audience segmentation, retargeting, measurement and incrementality.
The internet giant says that the components will ensure consumer privacy and protection and that marketers can deliver relevant advertising without using individual identifiers. For example, its audience-segmentation tool for ad targeting, Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC), uses machine learning algorithms to bucket users into cohorts based on common interests derived from browsing habits, such as soccer moms with kids in elementary school. Individual-level data isn't passed along to ad exchanges.
FLoC remains a work in progress. Amazon is reportedly already blocking FLoC from gathering data on its site to build cohorts. Edge, Safari and Firefox have said they don't have immediate plans to adopt it. Google has paused FLoC's testing, and the company could be mulling a change to a topic-based approach.
FIRST-PARTY ID
These use first-party cookies, which collect analytics about customers who visit a brand's own online properties and improve the user experience. Publishers can make their desired first-party audiences available to buyers through the open auction or through more exclusive programmatic means like invitation-only private marketplaces (PMP) or one-to-one programmatic guaranteed deals.
While publishers can individually build their own site-level IDs, achieving scale can be difficult. That's why many publishers and brands are banding together to create a common ID on which they can each transact. (See Diagram 2 in appendix.)
This sideline player is getting renewed attention because marketers see value in serving ads that are likely to be well-received when someone is in a certain mindset — such as promoting hiking boots to people reading about adventure travel. Some companies are even proposing unique crossovers between contextual and ID.
All these solutions are a lot to take in. It doesn't help that much of what marketers hear about them is highly technical, nuanced, layered and full of lingo. Some much-discussed alternatives remain stuck in the conceptual phase. It's not even clear which platforms will extend support for which solutions.
Some marketers will try to solve their addressability challenges by turning to the closed-loop ecosystems of Facebook, Amazon and Google. Sending ad dollars to these entities puts ad-supported independent publishers at risk, however, and it builds an unhealthy reliance on platforms that limit control, transparency and outside validation about campaign effectiveness. In addition, many audiences don't spend time on these platforms.
"You've still got to find the right people in the right place at the right time, and you want to be able to reach people wherever they are," Weissberg said. "You need to have access to as many different places to publish as you possibly can."
To prepare for the cookieless world, brands should collect first-party data, including purchase data, behavioral data and PII such as email addresses and phone numbers. This can be tricky, especially for brands like the LEGO® Group that appeal to kids and must be extremely careful about data collection. Still, Weissberg sees the upside of the industry's fresh privacy focus. "Needing to rely on more reliable, accurate data is going to be good for myself and everybody else in the long run," he said.
Brands will need to activate their first-party data through identity providers as well as via direct data sharing with not only relevant retailers but also publishers. "Now has to be that accelerator moment where publishers and brands really do need to work together in a world where first-party data is the most powerful thing by far," Bannister said. "You've got to figure out who you can partner with to extend your reach beyond your own walls."
Brands and publishers can collaborate in many ways in the future. They could use data clean rooms to anonymously match customer datasets for ad targeting, for example, and to discover fresh data points about visitors. "There are a lot of interesting things you can do with identity around not just campaign execution but also around insights," said Bannister, who's also a board member of the IAB Tech Lab and is involved in the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Trusted partners can help marketers discover cookie alternatives that generate the same level of performance-targeting capabilities, delivery levels and measurement they achieve today.
Team members designated to own a brand's identity strategy need to choose their guides wisely. Some technology partners will address only the slice of the problem that is relevant to them. Google, for instance, will only solve the issues that operate within its privacy frameworks. Companies that offer unified identity will be biased toward that approach. Marketers should be wary about becoming too reliant on a technology that can change down the road — such as, of course, the third-party cookie.
It's important to interrogate potential adtech partners about whether their cookie alternatives are oriented for the long term or are a short-term fix, if the partners will provide status updates on their plans, and who benefits most from their initiatives.
Ideally, adtech partners should take a holistic approach to replacing the capabilities of the cookie while trading in a privacy-compliant way.
They should offer an experimentation playground to test a combination of solutions with real media spend against the current cookie-based methodology. Some components may work better for frequency capping, for example, while others will produce better outcomes for performance plays.
"The ability to get learnings from other solutions while the cookie still exists is going to be essential for being prepared for the future," said IPONWEB's Schechtman. "This extra time buys you a lovely, perfect testing scenario without needing to do additional work in terms of development, setup or integration. You can use the existing cookie footprint that you know to run these types of tests."
All this is hard. Weissberg conceded that the loss of the cookie would create hurdles and headaches. Still, prioritizing identity on the road map and finding the right mix of effective tools are good investments of resources. "People who don't plan ahead," Bannister warned, "are going to end up spending a lot of money on solutions that don't work for them."
Diagram 1: Alternate ID Workflow
HOW IS A UID GENERATED AND ACTIVATED ON?
ID Service (IDS) provides the ID creation and encoding services
Both the publisher and the Advertiser convert their consumer emails into a "UID" using the service
For pub, user authenticates with an email via the IDS' sign on service and email is coded into a UID.
For advertiser, they provide emails which IDS codes into UIDs and get added to DSP for targeting.
A publisher will pass the UID in a bid request through their SSP to the DSP.
Depending on the IDS, decoded is initiated by either SSP in a bid request or DSP when request is received when applicable.
The DSP will respond to the bid request if the campaign targets ID received
Diagram 2: 1st Party ID Workflow for a publisher/publisher coalition
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Finding Pleasure in Travel Gone Awry
Posted by Rose Mary Griffith | More Europe, More USA, Travel Musings | 4 |
Our most recent travel snafu was on a flight back to Pittsburgh from Zurich, Switzerland. Why we were in Zurich, via Lucerne, via Mannheim, Germany is another entirely different story. The Zurich airport is amazing. It's too bad Tom Hanks' character in Terminal wasn't stuck there—he'd have been stranded in style.
My husband has learned to allow a lot of time between connections on international trips, so when the flight out of Zurich was delayed by an hour, we weren't concerned. Not thrilled, but oh well, right?
One thing I look forward to on transAtlantic flights is indulging in my love of movies. I can overdose on movies and feel guilt free (even though, yes, I should be writing or reading or wisely sleeping). We got on this plane and I groaned. It was such an old 757 that in coach it had the big TV at the bulkhead and then one TV further back. I hadn't been on one of these in decades.
Ancient Plane
Then we sat down. But for the TV's, I swear this was the same plane Seester and I flew to Italy on in 2007 and the condition of the seats had not improved. At 5'2", I was cramped. At a foot taller, Alex was squashed. Still, what are you going to do? We settled in, commented on how sparse the plane was with flyers and prepared for take off.
When the plane headed down the runway, I thought to myself, man oh day, this plane sounds old and rattly and if it were a car, I would opt to get out and walk. I read for a while, did some computer work, then tuned into the last half of The Secret Life of Walter Mitty while Alex popped onto the channel where you can listen to the pilot's talk. He turned to me and said, "There's a plane without navigation. I don't know if it's ours." A few minutes later, the pilot announced, "Folks, we're having a computer issue. It's not an emergency, but we're going to head back to Shannon, Ireland and get it looked at."
We groaned and everyone around us groaned. At that point, though, some passengers were hopeful it would be a quick fix and we'd be airborne again in no time. We knew better. Figure in the time it would take to actually get it fixed, they'd have to re-fuel the plane since the pilot burnt off a whole bunch so we could land. Then the crew would have been flying for more hours than they're supposed to, the passengers probably would have been out of refreshments … you get the idea, right?
No sooner did our tires hit the pavement and we came to a stop when the pilot told us we would be disembarking and spending the night in Shannon. The flight attendants came through assigning hotels to some people, not telling others, handing out a card for us to call customer service and that they were already rebooking everyone, providing another paper with a one-shot calling card for people to call a family member/friend.
We retrieved our suitcases, went through passport control (they are a pre-site for the USA, so that was helpful), ("Good for you to visit Ireland with your last name–Griffiths are plentiful here.") and wandered out to the front of the airport. Now what? Oh, a bus would be coming. Okay, where was it taking us? No idea. Other passengers meandered off across the parking lot to the hotel where they were staying. There we were. Waiting. Having another new experience.
When Alex saw the crew come out, he went over to chat with the pilot. In typical Alex fashion, he said, "You know you could get antique plates for that plane, right?" The pilot laughed, "I think this plane is older than that!"
I always pray when I fly and ask that God give the pilot the courage, strength, knowledge and skill to get us safely to our destination. This pilot and crew handled the situation calmly and professionally. Out of the 200+ people on the plane, one woman cried and that was more because she wasn't getting to the USA when she wanted than out of fear.
I talked with a young Swiss man sitting behind us. He was en route to Santa Barbara, California, so obviously this was going to add some chaos up his trip. I said, "Since 9/11, it all comes down to the plane going up and landing properly. If that is okay then everything else is a bonus." It took a moment for what I was saying to register for him. I'm only guessing, but I think it was a combination of the language (although his English was very good), the cultures of our nations, and the fact that he was probably five years old when 9/11 happened.
Our hotel was old, the beds were hard, the pillows were flat, the bathroom had separate faucets for the hot and cold water, the hairdryer was bolted inside a drawer, the TV had tubes.
The attached pub was fantastic. The food was great—they had all meat main course items, my husband said I am a vegetarian, so they offered to stir fry me something. Wow. The service was impeccable. They were friendly and charming. The desserts were five star. The Guinness was good.
Breakfast could not have been more inviting and vast with staff who strolled about making sure everyone had everything they need.
The Shannon airport has the best duty free shops and prices we've seen. It was, ahem, hard to limit myself to a scarf (a fetish akin to my love of socks) and two books (buy one, get one half off!).
This time our plane was from the 21st century, had TVs at each seat with seats that hadn't been crushed to uncomfortable by sumo wrestlers, and home we headed.
Our Zurich friend was able to get all his transfers and connections rescheduled and we were able to get back to Pittsburgh via Chicago.
So, what do you do when travel plans go awry? You sigh, say a prayer that you're safe, and dive into making the best of it. We got to set foot in Ireland, collect a green passport stamp, take photos of the road-notes intended for pedestrians, and talk with people we would otherwise never have spoken with. All in, it was a good trip home.
Look Left, Look Right Road signs in Ireland
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Hi RoseMary. Like you, I am an optimist, and try to find good in every situation. For the most part, long haul travel is no longer fun. There are almost always unwelcome surprises and delays. But very often, there can be joy mixed in that if we look for it. I'm glad your meal at the local pub and the Guinness helped get you and Alex through that unexpected delay and provide you with some fond memories.
Sounds like quite an adventure RoseMary! I've never been to Ireland, though I'd love to correct that one of these days. Having spent a large part of my career traveling around the world I couldn't agree more with your attitude about dealing with unexpected snafus. Glad it worked out for you both!


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our Staff Team:
Darilyn Parry Brown
darilyn@hellscanyon.org
Christina de Villier
Connections Coordinator
christina@hellscanyon.org
Restoration Director
brian@hellscanyon.org
Veronica Warnock
Conservation Director
veronica@hellscanyon.org
Danae Yurgel
danae@hellscanyon.org
our board of directors:
Robin Coen
Board of Directors, Secretary
Robin grew up on a cattle ranch in the Elkhorn Mountains, and graduated from University of Washington with a Bachelor of Science in Forest Engineering. She now lives with her family in Boise, ID. She operates a vacation rental business at her Elkhorn Mountain ranch property, and continues to foster her deep love for the environment through conservation work, watercolor painting, and gardening.
Catherine Dickson
Catherine is an archaeologist for the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and a vegetable gardener with a lot of garlic. She enjoys hiking, rafting, and improving conditions for wildlife on her Grande Ronde Valley property. She has a B.A. from Pomona College and an M.A. in Anthropology from Oregon State University.
Brock Evans
Brock played an instrumental role in convincing the Supreme Court to reject the plan to dam Hells Canyon. A prolific writer and public speaker, he has received numerous awards for his work, including Lifetime Achievement Awards from the League of Conservation Voters and the Natural Resources Council of America, the John Muir Award, and the Sierra Club's highest honor.
Mike Higgins
Mike is a local landowner in Halfway, Oregon. He played a key role in the reformation of HCPC in the late 80's. As a former high school and junior high school science teacher, Mike has continued to marvel at the wonders of the natural world, especially those waiting to be discovered in the deserts and mountains of northeast Oregon.
David Johns
David Johns is Adjunct Professor of Political Science, Portland State University, Portland OR, and co-founded the Wildlands Network and Yellowstone to Yukon Initiative. He specializes in place-based ecosystem conservation on a continental scale, and received the 2007 Denver Zoological Foundation Conservation Award for his work.
Charles Jones
Board of Directors, Treasurer
Charlie is a retired local high school teacher and Navy commander with a B.S. in Chemistry and Mathematics from College of Idaho. He grew up in Ontario, OR (where his grandpa speared salmon in the Malheur River,) and has hiked, biked, or skied all over N.E. Oregon. He lives in La Grande, OR.
Al Josephy
Al was fortunate to have parents who developed a life-long love for the Inland Empire and especially Wallowa County. His wife Melissa and he have five kids, five grandkids, two yorkies, nine chickens, and ambitions to help conserve all those things that have made their lives so full into the future.
Jim Kennedy
Jim is a retired business lawyer from Portland. He spends much of his time on his ranch in the Blue Mountains (Ritter, Oregon) where he pursues his passion for the outdoors, wildlife, forests and land stewardship. Jim received his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Michigan.
Emily Klavins
Board of Directors, President
Emily and her husband Rob own and operate Barking Mad Farm Bed & Breakfast, a working farm in rural Wallowa County. A native Oregonian, Emily grew up exploring many of her state's natural wonders. With degrees in Environmental and Political Science, she taught outdoor education and was the program coordinator for an environmental nonprofit in Portland before making her home in Eastern Oregon.
Rob Klavins
Rob Klavins works on forest and wildlife issues as a Field Coordinator with the conservation organization Oregon Wild. Rob grew up and earned a biology degree in the Midwest before coming to Oregon to teach outdoor education in 2006. He and his wife own a bed & breakfast and working farm in rural Wallowa County.
David Mildrexler
David is a terrestrial ecosystem scientist holding a PhD from Oregon State University's College of Forestry. He researches the ecological applications of remote sensing data, natural disturbance ecology, vegetation-climate interactions, biodiversity and landscape connectivity, and the management and conservation of eastside forested ecosystems and wildlands.
Marina Richie
Board of Directors, Vice President
Marina Richie is a freelance nature writer. She holds an undergraduate degree in biology from the University of Oregon, and a master's degree in journalism at University of Montana, where she wrote an investigative thesis on environmental issues in Hells Canyon National Recreation Area. She lives in Bend.
Pete Sandrock
Pete is a an experienced backpacker, former Benton County District Attorney, former Chief Operating Officer of the Metro regional government, advisor to the Heinz Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment, and a retired Navy Captain. He lives in Portland, OR.
Becky Strickler
Becky is a landscape architect living in Portland, OR, born and raised in La Grande, OR. She spent her growing-up years floating the Minam and Grande Ronde rivers, backpacking in the Eagle Cap Wilderness, camping in the Imnaha Canyon, and exploring the Blue Mountains in NE Oregon. She has a BLA from the University of Oregon.