text:
Q: add age and gender using face-api.js How can I add age and gender to the code use face-api.js?
I have difficulty with faceapi.nets. _______________. loadFromUri ('/ models') I should add to this and how to do in faceapi.draw .____________ what to put.
const video = document.getElementById('video')

Promise.all([
  faceapi.nets.tinyFaceDetector.loadFromUri('/models'),
  faceapi.nets.faceLandmark68Net.loadFromUri('/models'),
  faceapi.nets.faceRecognitionNet.loadFromUri('/models'),
  faceapi.nets.faceExpressionNet.loadFromUri('/models')
 ]).then(startVideo)

startVideo()

function startVideo() {
  navigator.getUserMedia(
    { video: {} },
    stream => video.srcObject = stream,
    err => console.error(err)
  )
}

video.addEventListener('play', () => {
  const canvas = faceapi.createCanvasFromMedia(video)
  document.body.append(canvas)
  const displaySize = { width: video.width, height: video.height }
  faceapi.matchDimensions(canvas, displaySize)
  setInterval(async () => {
    const detections = await faceapi.detectAllFaces(video, new faceapi.TinyFaceDetectorOptions()).withFaceLandmarks().withFaceExpressions()
    const resizedDetections = faceapi.resizeResults(detections, displaySize)
    canvas.getContext('2d').clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
    faceapi.draw.drawDetections(canvas, resizedDetections)
    faceapi.draw.drawFaceLandmarks(canvas, resizedDetections)
    faceapi.draw.drawFaceExpressions(canvas, resizedDetections)
    faceapi.draw.drawAge(canvas, agage_gender_model)
  }, 100)
})

A: To load the age and gender include below code snippet.
faceapi.nets.ageGenderNet.loadFromUri('/models')

You'll also need to append withAgeAndGender() to the detections, as shown below
const detections = await faceapi.detectAllFaces(video, new faceapi.TinyFaceDetectorOptions()).withFaceLandmarks().withFaceExpressions().withAgeAndGender()

In some browsers, the way you are querying the media is deprecated. instead of
  navigator.getUserMedia(
    { video: {} },
    stream => video.srcObject = stream,
    err => console.error(err)
  )

Use
  navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
    video: true,
    audio: false
  })
  .then(
    (cameraStream) => {
      video.srcObject = cameraStream;
    }
  )

But to display the age and gender, you need below code snippet to draw a box and label it.
resizedDetections.forEach( detection => {
      const box = detection.detection.box
      const drawBox = new faceapi.draw.DrawBox(box, { label: Math.round(detection.age) + " year old " + detection.gender })
      drawBox.draw(canvas)
    })

These changes will make your final script to look like below:
const video = document.getElementById('video')

Promise.all([
  faceapi.nets.tinyFaceDetector.loadFromUri('/models'),
  faceapi.nets.faceLandmark68Net.loadFromUri('/models'),
  faceapi.nets.faceRecognitionNet.loadFromUri('/models'),
  faceapi.nets.faceExpressionNet.loadFromUri('/models'),
  faceapi.nets.ageGenderNet.loadFromUri('/models')
 ]).then(startVideo)

startVideo()

function startVideo() {
  /*
  navigator.getUserMedia(
    { video: {} },
    stream => video.srcObject = stream,
    err => console.error(err)
  )
  */

  navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
    video: true,
    audio: false
  })
  .then(
    (cameraStream) => {
      video.srcObject = cameraStream;
    }
  )

}

video.addEventListener('play', () => {
  const canvas = faceapi.createCanvasFromMedia(video)
  document.body.append(canvas)
  const displaySize = { width: video.width, height: video.height }
  faceapi.matchDimensions(canvas, displaySize)
  setInterval(async () => {
    const detections = await faceapi.detectAllFaces(video, new faceapi.TinyFaceDetectorOptions()).withFaceLandmarks().withFaceExpressions().withAgeAndGender()
    const resizedDetections = faceapi.resizeResults(detections, displaySize)
    canvas.getContext('2d').clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
    faceapi.draw.drawDetections(canvas, resizedDetections)
    faceapi.draw.drawFaceLandmarks(canvas, resizedDetections)
    faceapi.draw.drawFaceExpressions(canvas, resizedDetections)
    resizedDetections.forEach( detection => {
      const box = detection.detection.box
      const drawBox = new faceapi.draw.DrawBox(box, { label: Math.round(detection.age) + " year old " + detection.gender })
      drawBox.draw(canvas)
    })

  }, 100)
})

A: Change this line
const detections = await faceapi.detectAllFaces(video, new faceapi.TinyFaceDetectorOptions()).withFaceLandmarks().withFaceExpressions()
to
const detections = await faceapi.detectAllFaces(video, new faceapi.TinyFaceDetectorOptions()).withFaceLandmarks().withFaceExpressions().withAgeAndGender()
Hope this helps.

A: change your code like below. (if you are working on ubuntu you have to use ./models for import instead of /models)
const video = document.getElementById('video')

Promise.all([
 //i used ./models because im working on ubuntu
  faceapi.nets.tinyFaceDetector.loadFromUri('./models'),
  faceapi.nets.faceLandmark68Net.loadFromUri('./models'),
  faceapi.nets.faceRecognitionNet.loadFromUri('./models'),
  faceapi.nets.faceExpressionNet.loadFromUri('./models'),
  faceapi.nets.ageGenderNet.loadFromUri('./models')
]).then(startVideo)

function startVideo() {
  navigator.getUserMedia(
    { video: {} },
    stream => video.srcObject = stream,
    err => console.error(err)
  )
}

video.addEventListener('play', () => {
  const canvas = faceapi.createCanvasFromMedia(video)
  document.body.append(canvas)
  const displaySize = { width: video.width, height: video.height }
  faceapi.matchDimensions(canvas, displaySize)
  setInterval(async () => {
    const detections = await faceapi.detectAllFaces(video, new faceapi.TinyFaceDetectorOptions()).withFaceLandmarks().withFaceExpressions().withAgeAndGender()
    const resizedDetections = faceapi.resizeResults(detections, displaySize)
    canvas.getContext('2d').clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
    faceapi.draw.drawDetections(canvas, resizedDetections)
    faceapi.draw.drawFaceLandmarks(canvas, resizedDetections)
    faceapi.draw.drawFaceExpressions(canvas, resizedDetections)
    resizedDetections.forEach( detection => {
      const box = detection.detection.box
      const drawBox = new faceapi.draw.DrawBox(box, { label: Math.round(detection.age) + " year old " + detection.gender })
      drawBox.draw(canvas)
    })
  }, 500)
})


text:
Q: export mailbox from Exchange Server to a PST file I trying to export a mailbox (of any user) from a Exchange 2010 Server to a PST file. What is the best way to archive this?
First I was looking at the COM-Interop model. But this seems just to be able to export the Mailbox of the user that is currently logged in into Outlook. Or am I missing something there? I tried this:
Dim app As New Outlook.Application()
Dim ns As Outlook.NameSpace = app.GetNamespace("MAPI")
ns.AddStore("C:\backup.pst")
Dim backupFolder As Outlook.MAPIFolder = ns.Session.Folders.GetLast()
Dim selectedMailBox As Outlook.MAPIFolder = ns.Folders("mymail@company.com") 'NOT Working
selectedMailBox.CopyTo(backupFolder)
ns.RemoveStore(backupFolder)

Later I found this PowerShell function: New-MailboxExportRequest
Sadly I can't find a way to call this from .NET. Is there any possibility to call it from .NET?
Or do I need to use any other library to export files from Exchange? (Maybe use POP3 to get all Mails and convert them to PST?)

A: You can use Redemption for that (I am its author) - run your code as a domain user who can access the mailboxes in question and call RDOSession.LogonExchangeMailbox. You can then open other users' mailboxes using RDOSession.Stores.GetSharedMailbox. Once you have the RDOStore object, you will be able to access all of the folders and messages starting with RDOStore.IPMRootFolder.
To copy to a PST store, you can add a new or existing PST file using RDOSession.Stores.AddPstStore.
To copy all the folders, using something like the following
foreach (RDOFolder sourceFolder in ExchangeStore.IPMRootFolder.Folders)
{
  sourceFolder.CopyTo(PstStore.IPMRootFolder);
}

A: You can execute Powershell commands in C# using System.Management.Automation and System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.
a very limited example:
int GetMiliseconds()
{
    using (var ps = System.Management.Automation.PowerShell.Create())
    {
        var cmd = new System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.Command("Get-Date");
        ps.Commands.AddCommand(cmd);
        var result = ps.Invoke();
        return result != null && result.Any() ? result.First().Members["Millisecond"].Value as Int32? ?? 0 : 0;
    }
}

The trickiest part is that result always comes back as ICollection<PSObject>, and you have to keep your eyes open for exceptions thrown and null values all the time.

A: which exchange server? In exchange server 2013, you have to first give rights for this role as even the administrator doesn't have them. Open Windows Power-Shell with administrative privileges the do this command:
New-ManagementRoleAssignment –Role "Mailbox Import Export" –User "username"
(REPLACE "username" WITH THE USERNAME).
Create a shared network folder and remember the path as in \"SERVER-NAME"\"SHAREDFOLDERNAME".
Replace "SERVER-NAME" with your server name and "SHAREDFOLDERNAME" with your specific shared folder name.
On Exchange Server Management shell (Command Line Interface),use the command Get-Mailbox to get all the mailboxes you have in your exchange server and from there, you can choose the mailbox whose .pst file you want to export. Next, on the CLI, type:
New-MailboxExportRequest –Mailbox "USERNAME" –FilePath \"SERVER-NAME"\"SHAREDFOLDERNAME"\"PSTFILENAME".pst
Again remember to replace "SERVER-NAME" and "USERNAME" with your servername and the specific mailbox's username to be exported otherwise,  an error will occur. Replace "PSTFILENAME" with the name as you would like to save your file. After then, you can check the shared folder and you'll notice the size of the file increasing or use the command:
Get-MailboxExportRequest -Mailbox "SPECIFICUSERNAME" | format-table -wrap -autosize
to view if the process is done or not. if it's done it'll indicate as "Completed" in the status column. If not, it'll indicate "queued".

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Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 1–6.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 7–31.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 33–57.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 59–79.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 81–103.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 105–134.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 135–158.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 159–166.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 167–169.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 169–171.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 172–174.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 174–177.
Poetics Today (1 March 2019) 40 (1): 179–181.
boundary 2 (1 February 2019) 46 (1): 221–222.
boundary 2 (1 February 2019) 46 (1): 1–53.
boundary 2 (1 February 2019) 46 (1): 55–71.
boundary 2 (1 February 2019) 46 (1): 73–101.
boundary 2 (1 February 2019) 46 (1): 103–132.
boundary 2 (1 February 2019) 46 (1): 133–156.
boundary 2 (1 February 2019) 46 (1): 157–177.


One in every five dollars invested professionally in the US is now invested sustainably. And while investment in projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions are rising globally, the market for energy efficiency remains under-satisfied compared to its potential and the market for renewable energy investment. Here's why.


text:
Siegfried Hauptmann (* 23. April 1931 in Dürrhennersdorf (Oberlausitz); † 18. April 2011 in Leipzig) war ein  deutscher Chemiker. Mit seinem Lehrbuch der Organischen Chemie schuf er 1976 ein Standardwerk in diesem Fachgebiet, das im deutschen Sprachraum weite Verbreitung fand.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur an der Oberschule in Löbau studierte Hauptmann ab 1950 Chemie an der Universität Leipzig. Er wurde 1958 bei Wilhelm Treibs auf dem Gebiet der organischen Synthese (Pentalene) promoviert (Untersuchungen in der Reihe des Bicyclo(3.3.0)octans). 1961 folgte die Habilitation (Die Einwirkung von Thionylchlorid auf Pinakone in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Pyridin und eine Synthese des Phenanthren-9,10-dialdehyds). Im selben Jahr trat er eine Stelle als Dozent an der Karl-Marx-Universität zu Leipzig an.  Von 1968 bis 1972 leitete Hauptmann dort die Sektion Chemie. 1969 folgte die Berufung zum außerordentlichen Professor. Siegfried Hauptmann war zwischen 1973 und 1980 Prorektor für Naturwissenschaften und stellvertretender Vorsitzender des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates der Universität Leipzig, ab 1990 verwaltete er für zwei Semester eine C4-Professur an der Universität Göttingen.  Seit 1996 war Hauptmann emeritiert.

Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten und Lehrbücher (Auswahl)
Die Forschungsarbeiten sind in über 90 Publikationen auf dem Gebiet der organischen Chemie dokumentiert und umfassen:
 Synthese und Reaktivität von Diazofettsäureestern und Diazomethylketonen
 Synthese von Heterocyclen (Triazole, Pyrrole, Thiophene, Pyrazole, Thiazine etc.)
 Synthesen CH-acider Heterocyclen mit dem Schwerpunkt Purpurkuppler für Farbfilme
 Wirt-Gast-Chemie

Hauptmann ist Verfasser oder Mitverfasser  zahlreicher Lehrbücher:
 Siegfried Hauptmann, Jürgen Graefe, Horst Remane: Organische Chemie, 1. Auflage 1976, Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 2. überarbeitete Auflage 1980, 3. Auflage 1991, Wiley-VCH, ISBN 3-527-30925-X
 Siegfried Hauptmann, Gerhard Mann, Achim Hantschmann: Aufgaben zur Organischen Chemie, 1. Auflage 1981, Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, ISBN 3-342-00384-7
 Siegfried Hauptmann: Einführung in die Organische Chemie, 1. Auflage 1982, Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, ISBN 3-342-00383-9
 Siegfried Hauptmann: Struktur und Reaktion in der Chemie, 1. Auflage 1988, Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, ISBN 3-342-00655-2
 Siegfried Hauptmann, Gerhard Mann: Stereochemie, 1. Auflage 1996, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford, ISBN 3-86025-144-9
 Theophil Eicher, Siegfried Hauptmann: The Chemistry of Heterocycles, 1. Englische Auflage 2003, Wiley-VCH GmbH & Co.KGaA, Weinheim, ISBN 3-527-30720-6 (deutsche Ausgabe: )
 EAGLE-Starthilfe Chemie. 3., bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage 2004 (1., 2. Auflage bei B. G. Teubner Leipzig als "Teubner-Starthilfe" 1996, 1998), Edition am Gutenbergplatz Leipzig, ISBN 3-937219-07-2 (EAGLE 007)

Ehrungen
 Ehrendoktor der Universität Potosi (Bolivien) (1967)

Weblinks

 Informationen zu Werk und Biographie von Prof. Siegfried Hauptmann

Einzelnachweise

Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Leipzig)
Ehrendoktor einer Universität in Bolivien
DDR-Bürger
Deutscher
Geboren 1931
Gestorben 2011
Mann

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Finding great cake is like finding a bit of heaven so when I found Latch Preston I was delighted! And they serve amazing lunch too!
Being a grown up is very boring so I tend to brighten up my business meetings with some cute, pink, fluffy stationery from Smiggle.


text:
Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed ladders
ISO 14122-4:2016 gives requirements for fixed ladders which are a part of a stationary machine, and to the non-powered adjustable parts (e.g. foldable, slidable) and movable parts of fixed ladder systems.
NOTE 1 "Fixed" means of access are those mounted in such a manner (for example, by screws, nuts, welding) that they can only be removed by the use of tools.
ISO 14122-4:2016 specifies minimum requirements that also apply when the same means of access is required as the part of the building or civil construction (e.g. fixed ladders) where the machine is installed, on condition that the main function of that part of the construction is to provide a means of access to the machine.
NOTE 2 Where no local regulation or standards exists, this part of ISO 14122 may be used also for means of access which are outside the scope of the standard.
It is intended that this part of ISO 14122 be used with ISO 14122‑1 to give the requirements for fixed ladder systems.
The ISO 14122 series as a whole is applicable to both stationary and mobile machinery where fixed means of access are necessary. It is not applicable to powered means of access such as lifts, escalators, or other devices specially designed to lift persons between two levels.
ISO 14122-4:2016 is not applicable to machinery manufactured before the date of its publication.
: ISO/TC 199 Safety of machinery
13.110 Safety of machinery
std 1 166 PDF English French
std 2 166 Paper English French

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Due to regulatory changes from the CDSBC, the provincial body that regulates dentists and dental practitioners in BC, we are no longer allowed to publicize discounted services to our patients. However, through our network of 123Dentist community dentists we often have contests which we will post here. When we do have offers, contests, or other permissible promotions, we will post them here.
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Congratulations to Charissa Baculo on winning 4 passes to Cultus Lake Waterpark and for participating in our Summer Draw!
Thank you to everyone that participated in our Fall Draw. The lucky winner is Mr. Esayas Fanta! Congratulations and we hope you enjoy your turkey dinner and Cineplex gift card.
Congratulations to Mason, Joseph and Zara for winning our Halloween draw. We hope you enjoy your prizes!


This post is from our Voices of Customer Experience podcast. Adobe's Principal Analyst of Digital Insights, Tamara Gaffney, talks about The Experience Index and its focus on measuring consumer expectation and business impact of the experience-led business and future trends. She also shares information on Adobe's new Experience League.
People are constantly in digital contact through their smart devices. We live in the digital age and companies can no longer rely solely on traditional metrics. Adobe's Tamara Gaffney suggests marketers focus on measuring more than feelings when it comes to customer interaction.
In order to give Adobe more depth and help them go down the right path to truly being an experience-led company, Tamara and her team of researchers created The Experience Index.
The Experience Index is built to be a broad-based consumer research program. Tamara's team collected over 1500 responses from the U.S. and over 1,000 responses each from India, Japan, United Kingdom, France, and Germany. They also did another study of businesses to try and draw some comparisons between what consumers say they expect and what businesses are working on. The goal is to help benchmark what consumers' expectations are in a general sense. This was not a study of Adobe's particular products. A broad population of 18+ was surveyed based on one qualifying device, which is most likely a smartphone, in order to come into the sample.
These tenets were drawn from natural groupings that were already in the marketplace, but in the near future, all of the information from the global research will go through a cluster analysis to see if the groupings created actually work.
In the Experience Index, the 18-24 year olds, Gen Z's, whom Tamara refers to as "crafters", had an experience score of 221 out of 400 points; 25-34 had 211 out of 400. This was one of the biggest differences among cohorts. The crafters, called because they are the Minecraft generation with a tendency to build/create things, hasn't entered their peak of being a consumer so their expectations weren't as critical as the 25+, who had the most critical scores of any age group.
There are clusters of people who will break over a company that others won't. An example is found in those who had the highest experience scores. Consumers in the 50-64 and 65+ age ranges didn't have the most negative reactions to the most negative scenarios.
A question Tamara is frequently asked is, "What do you do with this ocean of data to pinpoint the most valuable insight to act on?"
Most of her journey has been in big data analysis to build huge predictive models. Fifteen hundred responses is small change considering she is accustomed to "trillions" of responses. It's a challenge to get beyond the obvious and find those insights. A lot of intuition goes into it. It's the intersection between art and science. She calls this "data artistry".
Look very broad, then look very narrow. Find a few specific things to zoom in on and try to understand them in depth. Watch for broad trends. When something starts to look like it's changing, then that's the time you want to dig in on something else.
Have a diverse group and respect that diversity. You need right and left-brain thinkers. Where a left brainer may say, "Well, the data doesn't say that," "You can't prove causation", or "I think you've interpreted this a little more than what it means", a right brainer is more prone to get out in front of the data a bit. If decisions are to be made, you have to get ahead of the data to make a recommendation because it's not going to tell us everything we need at that exact moment. That's a good thing and it will be out of your comfort zone at times.
At Adobe Summit, Tamara addressed future trends. One that she found interesting was the idea that virtual reality was better than an augmented reality experience. One thing the data shows is that a huge number of people have already had a virtual reality experience.
"When I dug into the research, I asked how much people would be willing to pay for an experience and they said around $20-30 per experience. Pair that up with the lack of tenants and a lot of mall space, and you have the perfect future VR entertainment explosion ready to happen. I see us having great experiences that are close to us.
A major challenge for those in CX departments is getting approval or visibility from the C-Suite to get projects pushed through. Tamara's advice is to figure out how to speak to your business leaders about what value the things you need to do or intend to do have, and identify the stakeholders for that value proposition. This may require some data with some insights and intuition mixed that is presented in story form to executive leadership. It should clearly explain to them either the vision, or nightmare that they can see happening and also draw a lot of correlation with how it will impact their business. That can get resourcing.
Keep your eye out for the Experience League. It's a community Adobe is starting up where those involved in creating digital experiences or experience makers can be in an environment to help them gain access to data they need and learn what's necessary to make their business cases.
To hear more insights from Tamara Gaffney, listen to the entire podcast.


Splashed across the screen in blindingly patriotic red and blue, the mission statement of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks opens with the four core tenets of Elkdom.
From the third floor of its 15-story, multi-million dollar headquarters a half-block from Union Square, San Francisco's Elks Lodge No. 3 — the oldest in continuous operation, since 1876 — prides itself in donating hundreds of thousands of dollars to charities, schools and veterans each year.
Like all of the 1,978 local Elks chapters across America, Lodge No. 3 is a nonprofit fraternal organization; a charitable, non-partisan social club where its 874 members leave business and politics at the door in order to drink, eat, and, in San Francisco, work out at a Lodge-owned health club and swimming pool.
Listen to groups that Lodge No. 3 supports, and you'll hear nothing but praise.
But listen to some current Lodge No. 3 members and former leaders, and you'll hear serious questions about how the 137-year-old 501(c)(8) nonprofit has chosen to spend members' money.
Hundreds of thousands of dollars in lodge funds were spent on travel, booze and cigars — including cabanas and suites in sundrenched locales — by Lodge No. 3 leaders, their spouses and guests in recent years, according to current Elks members, documents obtained by SFBay, and IRS tax returns.
And $523,339 in additional spending — reported as "postage and shipping" from 2005 to 2007 on Lodge No. 3 federal tax returns — stumped and shocked multiple current and former Lodge leaders when asked by SFBay to recall what the money was used for.
Earlier this year, four Lodge No. 3 members were suspended after joining together to raise questions to club leaders over chronic patterns of overspending. Two other popular members were also fired from their jobs at the Lodge.
Accusations over spending and their bitter aftermath thrust Lodge No. 3 into a state of "turmoil" — in the words of the head of the national Elks Grand Lodge — and prompted a review of Lodge No. 3 finances by the parent organization.
Yet, as allegations swirl, members say Lodge No. 3 leaders continue to drink and smoke at the Lodge's expense, while fending off persistent questions — from both inside and outside the club's wood-paneled walls — over spending, governance and oversight.
The most recent member concerns about spending at Lodge No. 3 are summarized in an 11-page, legal-style complaint against Lodge leadership filed internally by four current Elks members and obtained by SFBay.
The February 2013 complaint — prepared by San Francisco attorney and 11-year Lodge No. 3 member Arthur Brunwasser — was filed within the Elks' arcane system for adjudicating internal disputes.
Brunwasser declined multiple requests from SFBay to be interviewed for this story.
In his complaint, Brunwasser describes how he and other members sought $3-per-hour pay raises for longtime workers at the Lodge's health club and swimming pool at their Post Street headquarters.
When told the Lodge could not afford the pay raises, Brunwasser reviewed spending at Lodge No. 3, discovering $230,000 were spent in past years on national and state conventions.
In violation of the Elks' governing Annotated Statutes, Brunwasser was denied access to reimbursement reports for hundreds of thousands of dollars in spending at 2010 Elks conventions in Orlando and San Diego.
In late February, Brunwasser circulated his complaint to Lodge No. 3 members, part of a series of e-mails critical of club leadership over spending and governance.
Brunwasser's message struck like a double-edged sword within Lodge No. 3. His financial allegations brought more than 100 people to the February 21 election when normal attendance at meetings is around a dozen.
But many members were infuriated after Brunwasser mistakenly exposed their private e-mails in his bulk message.
Candidates Harmer and Wright, criticized by Brunwasser in his e-mail, were overwhelmingly rejected by Lodge No. 3 members in the election.
Days later, in another e-mail to members, Brunwasser accused Nasir Shakour — then-incoming and now-current Exalted Ruler, Elk-speak for Lodge president — of "retaliating" against the defeat of his "friends" by firing Steve Micros, a popular manager at the health club and Lodge No. 3 member.
On Feb. 28, Shakour fired a Lodge bartender — also an Elks member and recent "Elk of the Year" — after, according to multiple sources within the Elks, she was heard discussing Brunwasser's first e-mail with members at the bar.
At an internal hearing on March 14, Brunwasser and three other members had their Elks privileges suspended for their e-mail gaffe.
None were present at their own suspension hearing because, according to Elks members and internal Elks documents obtained by SFBay, Shakour stood in the Lodge doorway, preventing them from entering.
In April, nearly 150 Elks members turned out for an appeal hearing to overturn the suspensions for Arthur Brunwasser and his three supporters.
Before the contentious hearing began, Elks Treasurer Bob Merjano confronted and had to be "pulled apart" from Micros, according to an Elks member present at the meeting. During the hearing, the suspended men fell nine votes short of the 96 needed to overturn the suspension.
In an e-mail obtained by SFBay from current national Elks Grand Exalted Ruler Thomas Brazier to Brunwasser sent in early April, Brazier recuses his office from getting involved in the issue which has brought "turmoil" to Lodge No. 3.
But in May, the suspensions of the Brunwasser group were stayed while the national Grand Lodge considered an additional appeal.
Later that month, according to documents obtained by SFBay, an internal Elks arbiter ordered Lodge No. 3 reveal to Brunwasser the records he first requested in July 2012 associated with convention spending from 2008 to 2012.
In mid-October, in another decision, a Grand Forum of the National Elks order overturned, on appeal, the suspensions of the Brunwasser group.
The four members' due process had been violated, according to the decision, when they were turned away from the hearing at the Lodge door by Nasir Shakour, and not properly notified of the hearing by mail.
Brunwasser's complaint specifically questions $230,000 in Lodge No. 3 spending on state and national Elks conventions from 2008 to 2011.
IRS Form 990 tax returns for Lodge No. 3, public documents due to their nonprofit status, reflect a total of nearly $460,000 spent on conferences, meetings and conventions from 2005 to 2011.
Lodge No. 3 media relations chair Tina Shakour — wife of current Exalted Ruler Nasir Shakour — told SFBay their convention spending is "not out of line" with other Bay Area Elks Lodges.
But an SFBay review of 26 California Elks Lodges with assets of more than $1 million showed none of them reported spending nearly as much on conferences, meetings and conventions as San Francisco.
On their 2010 tax return, Lodge No. 3 reported spending $121,348 on conferences, meetings and conventions.
The other California Elks lodges examined by SFBay — including several with assets many times that of Lodge No. 3 — reported spending an average of $6,920.
According to figures cited by Brunwasser, the 2010 spending includes $66,057 for the five-day Elks national Grand Lodge convention in Orlando, and $24,821 for a four-day state convention in San Diego in 2010.
Only each Lodge's Exalted Ruler is required to attend the annual Grand Lodge convention, according to the "Exalted Rulers, Lodge Officers, Committee Members Manual" distributed to lodges by the national Order of the Elks.
Lodge No. 3 would not provide information to SFBay about attendees at the 2010 conference, though Brunwasser's complaint said 11 and 13 officers were sent to Orlando and San Diego, respectively.
The document included additional expenses charged to the Lodge, including cabana rental, spa fees, diapers and baby wipes.
Shakour said meals served to new members, their sponsors and guests at indoctrination dinners, as well as food served at initiation meetings — also accounted for some of the $460,000 spent between 2005 and 2011.
By 2012, according to figures in the Brunwasser complaint, convention spending at Lodge No. 3 had shriveled to just $14,000.
Brunwasser's complaint, though, details months of being stonewalled by one Lodge No. 3 leader after another over his requests to view details and accompanying backup for hundreds of thousands of dollars in spending.
Former Lodge No. 3 leaders and current members tell SFBay that Brunwasser's allegations are merely the most recent and detailed in a string of accusations about spending at the Lodge.
From April 2007 and to March 2008, the Exalted Ruler of Lodge No. 3 was Patrick Murphy. Murphy joined Lodge No. 3 in 2000, serving in various leadership positions before ascending to the top position.
Murphy left Lodge No. 3 after family health issues required him to stay closer to his North Bay home. He is now a member of Elks Lodge No. 2655 in Novato.
Lodge spending grew only 0.5 percent under Murphy's term as Exalted Ruler in 2007.
But in fiscal years 2008 and 2010, under Exalted Rulers Josh Hachadourian and George Flamik, Lodge No. 3 spending would hit record levels.
Increased building maintenance and improvements were taking a bigger bite of revenue, which itself fell sharply during recession-starved 2010 and 2011.
But even as revenues receded, spending at Lodge No. 3 continued to surge, peaking in 2010.
Sharply higher professional fees, convention and "miscellaneous club" expenses ballooned spending to $1.46 million in 2010 and contributed to $275,000 in cumulative operating deficits in the 2010 and 2011 tax years.
Neither Hachadourian or Flamik would agree to an interview with SFBay for this story, nor would Treasurer Bob Merjano or Exalted Ruler Nasir Shakour.
No current members at Lodge No. 3 — other than Tina Shakour, as media relations committee chair — would agree to comment on the record.
An SFBay review of Lodge No. 3 federal tax returns from 2005 to 2011 show patterns of spending far in excess of other Elks lodges with similar membership and gross receipts.
Lodge No. 3 expenses jumped 80 percent between April 2005 and March 2010, with $816,377 spent in 2005 growing to a peak of $1.46 million in 2010, according to tax returns.
From 2005 to 2011, Lodge No. 3 spent $275,000 on "officer's expenses." Current and former Lodge members told SFBay some of this money goes toward paying booze and cigar tabs racked up by leadership at the Lodge bar.
Between April 2005 and March 2007, Lodge No. 3 spent a total of $523,339 on postage and shipping, according to their federal tax returns.
At 2007 postage rates, $523,339 would pay for more than 1.2 million pieces of first-class mail — for a Lodge with around 900 members.
None of the current or former Elks leaders asked by SFBay about the amount — representing 20 percent of Lodge No. 3's overall annual expenses in 2005 — could initially recall what the line item was actually for.
Tina Shakour was a Lodge No. 3 trustee from 2005 to 2008. She told SFBay she was "completely responsible" for the budget for at least part of that time, though she added that she worked only with internal budgets and "never saw" the organization's tax returns.
Tina Shakour would not elaborate if shipments to soldiers were made via the U.S. Postal Service or a private carrier, or if packages were sent directly to individual soldiers or distributed through a third party.
She also would not disclose how many packages were shipped, or the approximate total weight of the shipments.
At 2005 postage rates, a "Large Flat Rate Box," endorsed by the Postal Service for sending care packages to troops abroad cost $11.95 to ship any weight to individual soldiers using overseas military "APO/FPO" addresses.
At $11.95 each, nearly 42,000 of these standard care package boxes could have been shipped for $500,000. That's nearly 60 packages shipped every business day — about 1,150 each month — for three years.
To grasp the context of spending at Lodge No. 3, first understand what makes the Lodge unique, and how they make their money.
The center of the Elks No. 3 universe is their showcase 450 Post Street headquarters, a jewel of San Francisco's 1920s splendor worth many times its stated pre-depreciation tax basis of $2.1 million.
The building is owned by San Francisco Elks No. 3 Building Association, a 501(c)(2) nonprofit which passes nearly all of its income on to the Lodge after incurring expenses.
Of Lodge No. 3's $1.1 million revenue in recession-weary 2011, $570,000 came from rental income on their Post Street headquarters, which houses the well-rated, 92-room Kensington Park Hotel and revered Farallon Restaurant.
In 2008, during brighter economic times, rental income approached $1.1 million.
Lodge No. 3 operates a bar, restaurant, meeting space and health club in the stately, handsome building just off Union Square. Elks and their guests are welcome to dine and drink at time-warp prices.
Except for the flat-screen televisions in the bar and gym — and mostly modern workout equipment — the Elks' lodge looks plucked from a vintage black and white photo.
As open and majestic as is the Elks' third-floor space, the gym and pool feel bunkerish and cramped down two flights of stairs clipped by low ceilings.
The impeccably maintained yet somewhat tired health club and pool generates the second-largest portion of Lodge No. 3's revenue. The health club generated a record $243,291 in revenue in 2011, against $167,702 in expenses.
Dues from current Elks members made up $148,773 — about 13 percent — of Lodge No. 3's revenue in 2011.
The most openly vocal critics of Lodge No. 3 are those who are no longer inside. 59-year-old Joe Ragen resigned from Lodge No. 3 in May 2008 after 15 years as a member.
Ragen spent his last year as an Elk as a trustee at Lodge No. 3's building association. The trustees act as officers to oversee, but not manage, operations at the building association.
Ragen said the "final straw" for him as a Trustee was the 2008 election for officers of Lodge No. 3's building association.
Nonprofit boards of directors — or, in the case of Lodge No. 3, officers and trustees — are expected to act with fiduciary responsibility to their organization, according a Bay Area-based consultant and adviser to major nonprofits who asked not to be identified in this story.
Upholding and adhering to governing corporate documents — even secret ones not available to the public — is one of three crucial duties associated with governing a nonprofit: Care, loyalty, and obedience.
Care means paying ample attention to the issues at hand in managing an organization; loyalty means putting the needs of the organization before any personal or outside interests; and obedience means adhering to the mission as defined in corporate documents.


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Archives for October 8, 2017
ABB robot hatches 30 per cent more eggs for Singapore egg farm
October 8, 2017 by Mai Tao
Growing demand for locally-farmed eggs prompted Seng Choon Farm, to turn to automation in an effort to increase its production capacity
In April this year, ABB installed and commissioned a robotic palletizing system at Seng Choon Farm's 36 acre site in north-west Singapore, to support increased production output as well as the company's future expansion plans.
Since then, the robotic palletizing system, that stacks heavy boxes and baskets of eggs onto pallets, has raised the farm's productivity by 30 per cent.
Before the robotic system was installed, workers would manually stack the cartons and baskets of eggs onto the pallets, with a single worker lifting about 15 tons of eggs a day. [Read more…] about ABB robot hatches 30 per cent more eggs for Singapore egg farm
Filed Under: Industry, News Tagged With: abb, abb robotics, egg farm, palletizing robot, productivity increase, seng choon farm
General Electric deepening its interest in the software business
General Electric claims it was the first company to have launched an industrial internet of things platform when it released Predix last year.
The company's software business unit, GE Digital, has been generating revenues of more than $4 billion a year, and looks like it's strongly influencing the future direction of the overall business.
Another of the big ideas at GE is the "Brilliant Factory" concept, which is essentially the digitalisation of anything and everything that can be digitised in a manufacturing or industrial process. [Read more…] about General Electric deepening its interest in the software business
Filed Under: Computing, Industry, News Tagged With: abb ability, ability, ge digital, ge digital predix, general electric, industrial internet of things platform, mindsphere, predix, product lifecycle management, siemens mindsphere
Sony returns to robotics market after 12 years away
Japanese electronics giant Sony is returning to the robotics market after more than a decade away, according to a report on Nikkei.
The company is reportedly planning to bring back together the team which produced Aibo (pictured below), the robotic pet dog for the home, which proved popular many years ago.
Sony was at one time the most talked-about electronics company in the world, the Apple of its day. [Read more…] about Sony returns to robotics market after 12 years away
Filed Under: News Tagged With: aibo, sony, sony aibo, sony qrio, sony robotics
German robotics and automation industry set to break records and grow faster than previously expected
October 8, 2017 by David Edwards
The German robotics and automation industry is growing at a faster rate than previously forecast, according to the VDMA, and will break records.
The sector will reach €14 billion ($16.4 billion) annually for the first time, says the VDMA.
The VDMA is the German industrial association, said to be the largest in Europe, with more than 3,200 member companies from the mechanical and plant engineering sector.
The organisation has a section called VDMA Robotics + Automation, a specialist association with more than 270 members, which includes suppliers of components and systems from the areas of robotics, integrated assembly solutions, and industrial image processing. [Read more…] about German robotics and automation industry set to break records and grow faster than previously expected
Filed Under: Industrial robots, Industry, News Tagged With: german industrial association, industrial robots, integrated assembly solutions, intelligent assembly, production, robotics and automation, vdma


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Content consumption refers to F1-related social media engagement, streaming the Netflix show "Drive to Survive" and race-weekend viewership
Watch them drive: Community and Content predictors of Formula 1 Fanship.
Robin Kuiten 13261495 Master's Thesis Graduate School of Communication, University of Amsterdam Master's programme Communication Science Jeroen Lemmens Word Count: 6888 July 8, 2022
In the last few years, Formula 1 (F1) has been steadily rising in popularity, attracting more attention and fans than ever before. The aim was to find what factors contributed to this rise in fandom. Specifically, whether age and gender affect the likelihood of being a Formula 1 fan when mediated by Formula 1-related content consumption. Moreover, whether this fanship is affected by the community ties fans might have towards each other in the Formula 1 fandom.
Content consumption refers to F1-related social media engagement, streaming the Netflix show
"Drive to Survive" and race-weekend viewership. Community within the Formula 1 fandom refers to potential parasocial relationship with drivers and feelings of relatedness within the F1 fandom. A survey was conducted (N = 149) and 3 mediation models were then tested. Results showed that younger people who consume more content were more likely to be bigger fans, that women are more affected by F1-related social media engagement, while men are more affected by race-weekend viewership. Results also showed that younger people who have stronger parasocial relationships with drivers and have more feelings of relatedness in the F1 community are more likely to be bigger fans.
"Formula 1 is the ultimate competition, you've got drama, competitiveness, high stakes and politics" says Christian Horner, the team boss at Red Bull (Battan, 2022). These elements that Mr. Horner mentions are one of the reasons why Formula 1 translates so effortlessly to one's screen, whether this be in the form of an action-packed TV-show or a social media post.
The sport may have been around for many decades already, but its new business model, which includes bringing the dramatics of F1 to mainstream media, may well be one of the root causes for its recent rise in popularity (Ruiz, 2022) and its increasing number of fans worldwide. Fans are, by definition, people who strongly identify and have passionate interest in something. They tend to feel deeply connected to their interest and the community surrounding it (Reysen &
Brandscom, 2010). This is no different for Formula 1. Fan-identification and the strength of fanship can depend on many factors, ranging from community ties to the type of content one consumes (Driel, Gantz & Lewis, 2019, Chung & Cho, 2017). Moreover, based on previous research it appears that age and gender are leading contributors to a shift in fanship (Gantz &
Lewis, 2021). With regards to gender, in the last four years alone, there has been a doubling in female fans, going from 8% to 18% (Vaughn, 2021) and the average audience member is younger than ever before, between 16 and 25 (Lu, 2022). Fans are getting younger and more women are becoming interested in the sport, expanding the fandom beyond what it was defined by previously.
Formula 1 has had success since its beginnings in the late 20th century, however, in recent years, it has experienced a rise in fandom that has never been seen before (Ruiz, 2022).
The online presence the sport has been pushing could very well be one of the central reasons.
A strong online existence can both entice older fans, while simultaneously bringing in a newer generation, it can create a sense of togetherness among fans (Stavros et al., 2014). In Formula 1, since 2020, the total online follower count, across all F1 social media platforms, has risen
40% (Bradley, 2021). On top of social media content, Netflix, a video streaming website, has released the fourth season of its successful show centered around Formula 1 called "Drive to Survive". The show managed to tap into an entirely new audience and has converted agnostic fans into passionate supporters. Netflix's 'Drive to Survive' latest season had over 4 million streams in its opening weekend (Nelson, 2022). Since 2019, each televised F1 race has an estimated viewership of a billion spectators, and social media networks tied to F1 teams and drivers have grown in follower count exponentially (Bradley, 2021). Fans have adopted content revolving around the sport as a new way of connecting and growing their appreciation for Formula 1.
Fandom has an undeniable social component as well (Reysen & Brandscom, 2010).
Within the Formula 1 fandom, feelings of belonging and community are elements that can lead to people becoming bigger fans. Fans find enrichment and joy in watching with others and making the race weekend a social activity, as it can lead to feelings of relatedness among fans and community with F1 enthusiasts (Driel, Gantz & Lewis, 2019). Relatedness among fans, meaning there is a certain understanding and kinship among F1 aficionados, is crucial to the fandom being social with one another, and creating a sense of community. These feelings of community also translate to parasocial relationships with drivers (one-sided relationship with media figures). It makes the sport more personable and makes a fan feel more related to their favorite driver. Having parasocial relationship with media personalities, which is usually amplified by increased social media use, leads to people becoming more dedicated fans (Tukachinsky & Stever, 2019).
It raises the question whether there are specific factors, or an explicit profile, that might lead to a stronger sense of fan identification in the world of Formula 1, hence, the current study will attempt to answer the following: What predictors contribute to the recent rise in popularity
of Formula 1 and are these mediated by community ties within the F1 fandom or the F1-related content one consumes?
Fig 1: General model
Age and Content Engagement in the F1 Fandom
While a fandom is inherently made up of dedicated fans, fanship refers to a more cognitive state of mind, a dedication to whichever interests one chooses (Reysen & Brandscom, 2010).
In Formula 1, fanship means people care and are passionate about what happens on a F1 track, and find following the races truly enjoyable. Being a fan and identifying as such means that the sport and the performance of wherever your preferences lie affect your mood and cognitive state (Hugenberg, Haridakis, & Earnheardt, 2014). Age and gender have been shown to affect fanship levels; with sports fanship showing signs of decreasing with age, more significantly among men then among women (Gantz & Lewis, 2021). The 'college' age group (18 to 25) express greater fanship for sports teams than other ages (Driel, Gantz & Lewis, 2019).
Presumably, this is because of a shift in priorities and individuals having less time. Older generations experience a decrease in passion towards their preferred sport (Gantz & Lewis, 2021), which could lead to potentially lowering their fanship levels. It appears that the older a Independent Variable:
- Age - Gender
Content Mediator - Social Media
Consumption - Race Weekend
Viewership
- "Drive to Survive" Dependent Variable:
- Fanship Community Mediator
- Relatedness - Parasocial
fan gets, the less dedicated they become. Hence, in previous research, age has been shown to affect fanship levels in individuals.
Content consumption could be a leading factor in dictating differences in the relationship between age and fanship. Content consumption comes in many forms, from watching F1 races, following teams and drivers on social media, or even streaming TV-shows related to the sport. Increased sports viewing, the first type of content consumption, is linked to fans appreciating the entertainment value of their sport of choice, and the representation they feel they are getting of their favorite sportsman or woman (Hu & Tang, 2010). It appears that increased viewership is linked to heightened fan identification partially because it allows the viewer to see their preferred sportsman in action (Laverie & Arnett, 2000). When one identifies as a fan of a sport, their international viewing increases as well as their viewing time (Hu &
Tang, 2010).
The second type of content consumption, social media, can lead to increased engagement from fans, and in sports specifically, it allows for sporting organizations to create long-lasting relationship with their fanbase and heightens fanship (Stavros et al., 2014).
According to research, when one consumes more social media content linked to their sport of choice, they tend to have higher fanship levels. Emerging adults tend to heavily use social media (Arnett, 2000). 84% of people aged 18 to 29 use social media, compared to the slightly lower percentage of 81% between the ages of 30 to 49. This number slowly decreases to 73%
social media usage between ages 50 to 64 (Auxier & Anderson, 2021). This points towards social media content consumption decreasing with age. However, according to the previous studies discussed above, any form of social media engagement has the potential to lead to bigger feelings of fanship.
The last form of content is 'Netflix's "Drive to Survive" (DTS), a reality-tv show concerning Formula 1 on-and-off track. It has soared in popularity and has led many new fans
who were previously indifferent to the sport to become dedicated F1 supporters (Lu, 2022).
The show offered a new insight into an established and long-existing sport. It has enabled older fans to get a completely different approach and view into their beloved Formula 1, while adding newer, younger, fans by getting them hooked to a new form of entertainment (F1) (Smith, 2021). Increased streaming of DTS may then lead to increased fanship, specifically among younger fans. Thus, increased content consumption, in the form of race weekend viewership, social media content and watching DTS could impact the relationship between age and fanship.
Q1: How does age, mediated by F1-related content consumption, affect F1 fanship?
Fig 2: How age affects fanship when mediated byF1-related content consumption.
Age and Community in the F1 Fandom
As previously mentioned, a sports fan's dedication to their preferred interest can differ in various stages in their lives. Existing research has indicated that there may be a decrease in sports fanship as someone gets older because of a lessening in dedication to their sport of choice (Gantz & Lewis, 2021). An essential part of any sports fandom is the community and the people surrounding it (Reysen & Brandscom, 2010). What defines a fan, in terms of relatedness to other fans and their feelings of closeness to the personalities in the sports (parasocial relationships), plays an cruciall role in their fanship and dedication to their sport of choice
F1-related social media content
consumption Race weekend
"Drive to Survive"
Fanship
(Hugenberg et al., 2014; Mowen, 2004; Cunningham & Kwon, 2003; Jacobson, 2003; Sun &
Wu, 2012).
Feelings of belonging and community have been shown to lead to heightened sports fanship. Fans find enrichment and joy in watching with others and making the race weekend a social activity (Driel, Gantz & Lewis, 2019). Relatedness is part of the self-determination theory (Ryan, 2009), and is an essential component of human behavior and feelings of satisfaction. Feeling related to others is part of a person's overall happiness (Ryan, 2009).
Sports can offer this by creating platforms for communities and relatedness between fans (Maeda & Tomiyama, 2019). Some research points towards the idea that people in a student- like framework or context are more likely to need community groups within sports compared to older people who are not in this age group anymore. Students appear to be looking for increased social connections to grow their social circle, and sports communities and fandoms allow them to find this (Cox, Duncheon, & McDavid, 2009; Moreno, Rojas, & Gonzalez-Cutre, 2008; Warner & Dixon, 2013). Diminished fanship with age may be tied to an older generation needing less relatedness, as they might already have an established social circle around them.
Sports communities allow individuals to connect with likeminded fans.
Feelings of relatedness within the F1 community can also be seen when fans feel a sense of closeness with the F1 drivers. Parasocial relationships are the one-sided interpersonal relationship that the audience establishes with media personalities, in this case Formula 1 drivers (Hartmann, 2008). These relationships are nondialectical and nonreciprocal and are imaginary between the driver (the media personality) and the people who sense they have a potential relationship with the driver (media audience) (Sun & Wu, 2012). Individuals who lack an overall sense of belonging in their lives, could lean towards a heightened sense of parasocial relationship with media figures (Tsao, 1996). Sports fanship offers both the potential to find community and a sense of belonging, as well as parasocial relationship with F1 media
personalities. The one-sidedness of the relationship results in a lack of fear towards potential rejection and gives an individual the feeling they "fit in", which can lead to higher feelings of fanship (Tukachinsky & Stever, 2019).
According to past research, younger viewers are more likely to become fans (Gantz &
Lewis, 2021) because they feel more dedicated to their sport of choice and more connected to the community within a sports fandom. Plus, heightened fanship can be linked to individuals who feel more relatedness in a sport and/or feel they have a parasocial relationship with sports personalities. Thus, the relationship between age and fanship, mediated by community ties, could lead to interesting insights in the heightening of fanship.
Q2: How does age, mediated by feelings of community within the F1 fandom, affect F1 fanship?
Fig 2: How age affects fanship when mediated by community in F1 fandom.
Gender and Content Consumption in the F1 Fandom
Ideally, sports fandoms would be a more open, accepting place where anybody who has a keen interest in sports is welcome. There would be less discrimination between male and female fans, and the most important precursor to entering a fandom would be a passionate attitude about the sport. This discrimination is still relevant today and occurs across different sports fandoms. Feminist sports scholars have been characterizing sports as a male-dominated field for a long time (Esmond, Cooky & Andrews, 2015). The sports universe is known for being exclusionary to women, and enforcing long-standing gender stereotypes and hierarchies
Fanship Parasocial
(Esmonde, Cooky & Andrews, 2018; Jones, 2008). However, the 'feminization' of sports fandom, Pope (2017) argues, has slowly been happening since the 1990's. There have been increasing amounts of opportunities for women to enter the sports fandom world, and in recent years, the global sports scene has offered more visible roles for women as fans and consumers (Tofoletti, 2017). Some argue that this opening can be linked back to women having more power in choosing what they enjoy for leisure, rather than being told what is appropriate (Pope, 2017). It is difficult to put a number on the growing amount of female fans in various sports organizations, as many past studies have used quantitative methods. However, when looking at the Formula 1 fandom, this 'feminization' idea is supported by the doubling of female fans in the last four years, going from 8% to 18% (Vaughn, 2021).
It can be argued that one of the reasons for this increase in female fanship is the increased amount of content created surrounding Formula 1. In sports fandom's getting 'in', as Esmond et al. (2015) explain, is often met with barriers and challenges when the fandom perceives you as an outsider. Social media offers newer and easier ways for fans to become involved within the fandom, it allows access to the personalities and the lifestyle of a sports organization making it feel more personable and approachable (Pope, 2017). "Drive to Survive" allows for the same thing to happen. The previously obtuse organization of F1 was suddenly spread wide open for anyone with a Netflix subscription to enjoy. It allowed fans to make personal connections with F1's many personalities and feel closer to the sport. All-in all, DTS allowed the entertainment value of the sport to increase. DTS puts a spotlight on the big personalities, the micro dynamics between teams, and the melodrama of F1 as a whole. It shifts the focus from the intricate technological implications of the sport to the politics, competitiveness, and drama of Formula 1 (Battan, 2022). Women specifically, may be more interested in this shift of focus for the fandom as they tend to appreciate the more personable approach to teams and drivers. It appears to make them more invested and feel closer to the
sport (Bishop, 2021). According to past research, there appears to be a noticeable difference in fanship between men and women and the way in which they engage with the fandom. Content, defined by race weekend viewership, social media content and watching "Drive to Survive", plays a big role in increasing engagement with the fandom, and allowing a closer look into Formula 1. Therefore, the relationship between gender and fanship, mediated by content consumption could lead to relevant results regarding to recent rise in F1 popularity.
Q3: How does gender, mediated by F1-related content consumption, affect F1 fanship?
Fig 3: How gender affects fanship when mediated through by F1-related content consumption
Method Sample
The relationship between the variables was tested quantitively, using primary data. The online survey method was chosen because it made finding the corresponding population easier.
Respondents needed to have prior knowledge of Formula 1 to be eligible for this study.
Initially, there were 212 respondents, but 63 were excluded from the sample because they stopped responding after the initial items of the survey. Further, the 2 respondents that selected
'non-binary' as their gender were excluded from calculations that included a gender analysis, Gender
Fanship Race weekend
as they did not represent a big enough percentage to affect the results. Final sample size is N = 149. All respondents (M age = 33.12, SD = 14.43) had to be above 18 years old and have some form of prior knowledge of F1. Since the aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between various precursors to Formula 1 fanship, only participants who had prior knowledge about, or some exposure to the sport, could contribute to the survey and getting valid results.
This was made possible by posting the survey on specific F1 reddit and Instagram pages as well as directly contacting people whom the researcher knew had prior knowledge about F1.
Most respondents were male (N = 110, 74.83 %), the second largest group of respondents was female (N = 37, 25.17 %) and the smallest was non-binary (N = 2, 1.34%). The biggest percentage of respondents were European (71.2%), second largest was American (16.8%), then Asian (4.1%), then African (3.4%), second to smallest was South American (2.7%) and the smallest percentage was Australian (1.3%). Specifically, the largest group of respondents was from The Netherlands (22.1%).
Data collection was done using Qualtrics, and then transferred to SPSS, a statistical software platform, where the data analysis was conducted. To make sure that reliability, validity, and replicability are high, the measurements of the various variables were done using existing scales and measures, that had been adapted to the topic at hand. Non-probability sampling was used by combining convenience and snowball sampling. Snowball sampling allowed the researcher to directly contact people who are interested in Formula 1, who subsequently contacted others with similar or comparable interest. The survey was shared on various online platforms that are followed by Formula 1 enthusiast. This includes Instagram, LinkedIn and specific F1-related reddit pages.
The survey was split into nine blocks that included one to five scale questions each concerning a separate variable. It started with asking for consent, followed by demographics
asking age, gender and nationality. The second block concerned viewership. Then, the respondent's favorite driver on the current grid was to be selected using a drop-down menu, followed by items concerning parasocial relationships and items targeting driver-specific fanship. Fanship in relation to F1 in general and F1 teams was measured in the next block, split by a drop-down menu asking respondents for their favorite F1 team in the current grid (the 2022 F1 season). Next, community and relatedness within the F1 community was measured.
The last three blocks of the survey were about content consumption, starting with "Drive to Survive". Respondents were asked how many seasons they had watched, if any at all, followed by questions concerning their enjoyment and the accuracy of the representation of the sport.
The next two blocks, also being the final ones, were split by social media following of the F1 teams, and the F1 drivers. Each block had three questions targeting the frequency at which respondents followed, liked, or commented of the teams or drivers TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.
Fanship. The fanship variable was measured using the existing Stephen-Reysen Fanship Scale, which measures the degree of interest of a fan; in this case Formula 1. It is a 10- item scale that uses a nominal form of measurement from 1, very strongly disagree to 9, very strongly agree (Reysen & Branscomb, 2010). It was shortened for this study by excluding 2 items with low factor loadings. The items were also adapted by making them Formula 1 specific, targeting fanship in F1 teams, F1 drivers and F1 as a sport. After adapting it to the study at hand and making it cohesive with the rest of the variables, the answering scale was a 5-point Likert scale, going from 1 = totally disagree, too 5 = totally agree. Items included:
"formula 1 is a part of me", "when my favorite racing driver is gaining popularity, I feel great"
and "I am emotionally connected to my favorite team". The 8 items (M = 3.16, SD = .75) had good internal consistency (a = .86).
Relatedness. The concept of relatedness was measured using an adapted version of the
"Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS)", which originally has 8 items measuring emotional connection, group membership, influence, and fulfillment (Peterson, Speer & McMillan, 2008). The edited version used for this study had 5 items, adapted to target F1 fan communities specifically. Items included "being part of the F1 community makes me feel good" and "being part of the F1 community is part of my identity". The answering scale was a 5-point Likert scale, going from 1 = totally disagree, too 5 = totally agree. The 5 items (M = 3.36, SD = .81) had good internal consistency (a = .86).
Parasocial Relationship (PSR) with F1 Drivers. The potential parasocial relationships respondents felt with F1 drivers were measured using an adapted version of the 20-item Parasocial Interaction Scale created by Hartmann (2008). The four items with the highest factor loadings were selected and then adapted to PSR with Formula 1 drivers. Items included: "my favorite driver makes me feel as comfortable as when I am with friends" and "I mostly agree with the actions of my favorite driver". The answering scale was a 5-point Likert scale, going from 1 = totally disagree, too 5 = totally agree. The 4 items (M = 3.52, SD = .76) had acceptable internal consistency for having less than 5 items (a = .69).
Race Weekend Viewership. This denotes the viewing of the various stages during a Formula 1 race weekend. To measure the number of stages a spectator is watching during said weekend, a 5-point scale going from 'never' to 'always' was used for each part of the Formula 1 racing including: free practice 1 and 2 on Friday (FP1 & FP2), free practice 3 on Saturday, qualifying on Saturday, the race on Sunday and lastly the post and pre interviews both on Saturday and Sunday after qualifying and the race itself (Bradley, 2021), meaning 9 items in total which included "free practice 3", "post-qualifying show' and "pre-race show". The 9 items (M = 2.39, SD = .75) had a good internal consistency (a = .88).
Formula 1 related social media content consumption. This specific form of content consumption, F1-related social media, refers to people choosing to follow, like, or comment, on social media content related to Formula 1. It is concentrated on Instagram, Twitter, TikTok and Facebook, split between the respective profiles of the twenty F1 drivers' and the ten F1 teams' profiles (of the current grid, the 2022 F1 season), measuring both actual following and engagement via frequency of 'liking' or 'commenting' on posts. Following was measured using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "none of them" to "all of them" when asked how many drivers or teams' profiles they followed on each respective social media platform. Engagement, in the form of 'liking' and 'commenting' on team or drivers' pictures or posts, was measured using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "never" to "everyday". Items included: "Instagram",
"TikTok", "Facebook" and "Twitter" for following, liking, and commenting. This means that F1 drivers had 12 items, and F1 teams had the same. When combined, the 22 items measuring social media consumption (M = .7, SD = .72) had a good internal consistency (a = .88).
"Drive to Survive". Watching "Drive to Survive" focused on the enjoyment of the viewer and whether they would come back to the show to watch more episodes. Five items were used to evaluate enjoyment. Items included: "I watch 'Drive to Survive' because I find it entertaining" and "I watch 'Drive to Survive' because I feel it teaches me something about F1".
The answering scale was a 5-point Likert scale, going from 1 = totally disagree, too 5 = totally agree. The 5 items (M = 2.67, SD = 1.62) had an acceptable internal consistency (a = .79).
The first question of the current study concerns itself with the relationship between age and fanship via F1-related content engagement (social media engagement, viewership & DTS):
"How does age, mediated by F1-related content consumption, affect F1 fanship?". The direct relationship between age and fanship was found to be insignificant r (147) = -.05, p = .536.
However, to test the indirect relationship the model 6 in PROCESS macro for SPSS (Hayes 2012) was utilized to do a mediation analysis using 5000 bootstrap samples. The model with age as a predictor of fanship, mediated by content engagement was found to be significant, R
= 0.66, R2 = 0.44, F (4, 144) = 27.92, p < .001. Direct and indirect relationships were found within this model. The independent variable, age, has a direct effect on the dependent variable, fanship when it is within the mediation model, ß = 0.01, t = 2.38, p = .018. It is a very small effect, meaning that the older one is, their fanship only increases slightly. Age also significantly influenced social media engagement, ß = - 0.02, t = - 4.49, p < 0.001, which subsequently affected fanship, ß = 0.35, t = 4.61, p < 0.001. These results points towards younger people engaging with more F1 related social media content, and the more one consumes F1 related social media content, the higher their levels of fanship. Similarly, age influenced watching DTS, ß = - 0.02, t = - 2.23, p = .027, which affected fanship, ß = 0.12, t = 3.87, p < 0.05.
Younger people consume more DTS, and fanship increases when DTS is streamed more.
Lastly, race weekend viewership significantly influenced fanship, ß = 0.35, t = 5.52, p = 0.001, meaning that when one views more stages of a race weekend, there levels of fanship increases slightly. The mediation model is displayed in Fig. 4. This model shows that age has an effect on fanship when mediated by social media engagement and streaming 'Drive to Survive' and increased race weekend viewership affects fanship.
Figure 4: How age affects fanship, when mediated through by content consumption
Note: *** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05
The second question utilized the same dependent variable age, and independent variable, fanship, but mediated through community (PSR and relatedness): "How does age, mediated by feelings of community within the F1 fandom, affect F1 fanship?". As shown above, the direct relationship between age and fanship was found to be insignificant, r (147) = -.05, p = .536. However, using PROCESS model 6 once more, age as a predictor of fanship mediated by community was found to be significant, R = 0.78, R2 = 0.61, F (3, 145) = 74.44, p
< .001. Age significantly influenced PRS with F1 drivers, ß = -0.01, t = - 2.19, p = .03, which, in turn, influenced fanship, ß = 0.36, t = 5.25, p < 0.001. This indicates that older respondents have less parasocial relationships with drivers, and that the more PSR one has with drivers, the higher their fanship levels. Hence, younger respondents have more PSR, and in turn higher levels of fanship. Furthermore, age had a direct effect on relatedness, ß = - 0.01, t = - 3.47, p = .001, which indirectly influenced fanship, ß = 0.56, t = 9.97, p < 0.001. These results show that younger people are more likely to feel feelings of relatedness in the F1 fandom, and the higher
Age Race weekend
Fanship F1-related social
media content engagement -.35***
.03 -.19*
.16***
.25**
.16*
those feelings of relatedness are, the higher their levels of fanship as well. Fig 5 has a visual representation of the various mediation paths of this model. All in all, this model shows that age has a direct effect on both PSR with F1 drivers, and relatedness, and that both these mediators have corresponding significant indirect effects on fanship.
Figure 5: How age affects fanship when mediated by community in F1 fandom.
The final question examined the relationship between gender and fanship mediated through F1-related content consumption (social media engagement, viewership & streaming DTS): "How does gender, mediated by F1-related content consumption, affect F1 fanship?".
To get a more complete image of the relationship between gender and fanship, an Independent Sample T-test was conducted in addition to the PROCESS model. There was no significant effect for gender on fanship, t (145) = -.41, p = .685, despite women (M = 3.21, SD = .72) attaining a slightly higher score than men (M = 3.15, SD = .77). The mediation model, however, was found to be significant, R = 0.66, R2 = 0.43, F (4, 142) = 26.86, p < .001. However, gender did not have a direct effect on fanship when mediated by content consumption, ß = - 0.066, t = - 0.566, p = 0.573, which means fanship levels are unaffected by gender, supporting the results of the T-Test. Nonetheless, there were some significant relationships found. Gender
Fanship PSR with F1
drivers -.18*
-.24**
.2**
significantly influenced social media engagement, ß = 0.4, t = 3.01, p = .003, and this , in turn, affected fanship, ß = 0.31, t = 4.06, p = .001. This indicates that women who use more social media have higher levels of fanship. Interestingly, as opposed to age, gender had a direct effect on viewership, ß = -0.35, t = - 2.46, p = .015, and this had an indirect effect on fanship, ß = 0.37, t = 5.49, p = .000. This means that men watch more stages of a race weekend and the more stages one watches the higher their levels of fanship. Lastly, streaming DTS had a significant effect on fanship, ß = 0.11, t = 3.52, p = .001, meaning the more a respondents watched and enjoyed DTS the higher their fanship was. It appears that gender has significant t effects on fanship when mediated by social media engagement and viewership, but that streaming DTS only effects fanship. This model is represented in Fig 6.
Figure 6: How gender affects fanship when mediated through by content consumption
The main aim of this study was to find out what factors influence Formula 1 fanship.
The sport has steadily been gaining popularity in the last few years, where estimated audience
Gender Race weekend
media content engagement .56**
-.44*
-.37***
for each race has surpassed a billion spectators and TV viewers combined (Lu, 2022). The main goal of the research at hand was finding out what the predictors are in this rise in popularity;
specifically, whether age and gender influenced fanship, and whether this relationship was affected by Formula 1-related content consumption and feelings of community within the F1 fandom.
The most obvious relationship that was supported in our mediation analysis is that watching more facets of the sport during a race weekend led to stronger fanship, specifically for men. The most watched phases of the weekend by respondents are qualifying (51%) and the actual race (78%). The more one watches various phases of the weekend, the bigger fan they are, which includes fanship towards the drivers, the teams and F1 in general. Previous research support these findings, linking heightened viewership in sports to higher levels of fanship (Hu & Tang, 2010; Laverie & Arnett, 2000). Moreover, male fans being more influenced by heightened race weekend viewership could be linked to men being more easily accepted into sports fandoms in general (Esmond et al., 2015). Thus, the mediation results showcasing that men who watch more stages of an F1 race weekend are bigger fans can be tied to that explanation too. Increased F1-related social media use was also responsible for an increase in fanship. The expectation that more F1-related social media content consumption led to bigger feelings of fanship was supported. Anyone who actively engage with F1 social media are more likely to be bigger fans, even more so for younger women. This is supported by previous research, which states that women specifically, appreciate the more personable manner social media allows them to engage with Formula 1, its teams, its drivers, and its drama (Bishop, 2021). Moreover, younger people feel more passionate towards their sport of choice, which in this case F1 (Gantz and Lewis, 2021) and they use social media more frequently and often. They engage with the content on Instagram, TikTok, Twitter and Facebook on an almost daily basis (Auxier & Anderson, 2021). The popular Netflix show "Drive to Survive" is one of
the other contributing factors to stronger feelings of fanship. The "Netflix effect" is a term coined by Morgan (2019) that encompasses the idea that, when certain shows come out on Netflix that are catapulted into success, often time its subject matter does the same. This effect can be seen in shows like "The Queen's Gambit", about a young chess prodigy. The show made chess set sales increase exponentially (Fazio, 2020). This idea can be seen with "Drive to Survive" as well; the four seasons that have come out since 2019 have been some of the most watched shows worldwide as soon as they hit Netflix's new releases (Lu, 2020). Results show that individuals who watch and enjoy DTS on Netflix tend to be bigger fans of the sport. This, as indicated previously, is in line with the research concerning DTS, finding that the show offers newer, younger, fans to get hooked on a new form of entertainment (Smith, 2020). The show offered an easy way for newer fans to enter the fandom by presenting Formula 1 in an entertaining and easily digestible package and putting the melodramatics of the sport at the center of attention (Battan, 2022).
The Formula 1 community and fandom has only been growing, and as shown in research, the relatedness between sports enthusiasts can be a leading cause in becoming and attracting bigger fans (Cox, Duncheon, & McDavid, 2009; Moreno, Rojas, & Gonzalez-Cutre, 2008; Warner & Dixon, 2013). Watching Formula 1 with others and making fans identity a reason to partake in a social activity, is tied to people feeling higher levels of fanship and acceptance with the F1 community (Van Driel, Gantz & Lewis, 2019). This is reflected in the results: younger people who feel a stronger sense of relatedness in the F1 community are more likely to be bigger fans. A similar trend can be seen with parasocial relationships with drivers.
The most popular drivers in the current Formula 1 season (2022) are Max Verstappen (31%), Charles Leclerc (14%) and Lando Norris (12%). The fact that Max Verstappen is the most popular driver is not surprising. He is the 2021 world champion, and, among his generation of drivers, one of the most successful competitors in F1. His acquired success can be explained
by cumulative advantage (Meton, 1968), which proposes that the popularity or success of an individual (or group) can accumulate over time and can create bigger disparity between them and others. Meaning that the more someone wins, like Max Verstappen, the bigger their accolades, and by extension their popularity will be (DiPrete & Eirich, 2006). Connecting with one driver, whether it be Max Verstappen or another racer, and having a parasocial relationship with them, was also found to be one of the predictors of bigger feelings of fanship, specifically among younger people. Parasocial relationships with F1 drivers, can change the way one acts as a fan and make them feel more passionate towards their sport (Sun & Wu, 2012). This study emphasizes that relatedness and community among Formula 1 fans , remains one of the most significant predictors of strong feelings of fanship.
Implication for Formula 1's communication strategy
There are certain elements that appear most relevant when considering further implications for Formula 1's communication strategy with existing fans and potential newer fans. Based on the results, the recommendations would be to continue pushing for social media content engagement with fans, specifically targeting younger generations and women. In this demographic, as shown in the outcomes of this study, increased content engagement on social media leads to bigger feelings of fanship. Continuing to strive for this group to interact with F1 content, whether this be drivers or teams, could lead to potential new fans to get involved and engaged in the Formula 1 fandom. Moreover, Formula 1 as an organization could create more experiences surrounding the idea of community within the fandom. The results indicate that respondents who feel a sense of relatedness with their fellow fans score higher in fanship.
If F1 as an organization created opportunities in which fans can connect with one another easily, it could lead to more fans feeling welcome within the community. Looking at previous research, this could be particularly useful for women, as they tend to lack an entry point into sports fandoms and find it more difficult to feel accepted (Esmond et al., 2015). If Formula 1
created more opportunities for women to connect in their appreciation for the sport, it could have the potential of increased fanship and acceptance in the long-term. Lastly, it is clear in the results that "Drive to Survive" is a leading force in increased fanship of F1. Continuing to film the F1 seasons and extending their relationship with Netflix seems to be the greatest way forwards in terms of roping in new fans. As Smith (2021) explains, DTS is one of the most useful tools when it comes to maintaining strong feelings of fanship with older fans, and creating newer, younger fans simultaneously, which is also reflected in the results of this current study.
Limitations & Further Research
The scope of this research, particularly the somewhat limited sample size, is one of the leading limitations. Respondents had to fulfill very specific criteria which meant the survey could not be completed by everybody who was available. The precursor of the study was that respondents had prior knowledge about Formula 1, if not already be a fan. In the end, this meant that the valid sample size was quite small, certainly after removing all the incomplete responses that didn't answer more than the first part of the survey. Although the results were still significant, this is something that should be considered as a limitation concerning the generalizability of the study. However, the research can be seen as a guiding study for future, bigger scale, quantitative research, as significant and relevant results came out of it. In a similar vein, results regarding gender would have been more conclusive and reliable if there was a bigger female answering pool. Lastly, with regards to limitations, in the questionnaire, when discussing social media platforms, the options assumed that respondents had a profile on the social media platforms used for this study. There should have been an option that offered respondents to select they did not have a profile on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter or TikTok instead only having the lowest answering scale as an option. While this did not affect the
results, due to the somewhat smaller scale of the research, when future researchers potentially pursue a study in a similar vein, this option should be represented.
Considering the lack of research surrounding female fans of F1, future research could benefit from focusing more on the changing face of the Formula 1 fandom with regards to female involvement. More women are watching Formula 1 than ever before (Vaughn, 2021), and delving deeper into the reasons behind that could be a riveting direction to take for future researchers. Having a female-based study surrounding F1 and its fans could be crucial in further understanding what has changed in recent years. Additionally, studying the increased outwards communication that F1 has been pushing, specifically looking into Drive to Survive and the
"Netflix effect" (Morgan, 2019) could lead to interesting and relevant outcomes. The potential results could offer F1 as an organization a clearer path to take in future endeavors within their external communication, with existing and newer fans. Exploring the impact of diversifying content further is an important direction to take when trying to understand the Formula 1 fandom.
Formula 1 has transcended its identity from only being a motorsport to also being a source of entertainment for old and new fans alike. Its recent rise in popularity, including a massive increase in fans, as well as the boost in TV viewers and live spectators has been undeniable (Ruiz, 2022). The current study focused on finding what predictors were at the center of this boom in popularity, giving special attention to content engagement and community among fans. The results found that younger people are more likely to be bigger fans of the sport when mediated by F1-related content consumption and community. Even more so when said younger people actively engage with F1 related content. Younger women were bigger fans when the content consumption looked like F1-related social media following,
liking, and commenting. Similarly, younger people who felt a greater sense of relatedness among other Formula 1 fans and felt welcome within the community were bigger fans of Formula 1. The implementation of the results found could potentially be useful in F1's communication strategy moving forwards. F1 could target more of their social media posts towards women and create content that resonates with a younger generation. The Netflix show
"Drive to Survive" was shown to be a potential predictor in getting new additional fans and expanding the fandom beyond what it has looked like. If they want to stay within this growth arc and continue to gain popularity globally, increasing the personable content they create, as well as building experiences for fans to connect with one another, can only help them in constructing a dedicated and long-lasting fanbase in the future.
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Home News Headline sponsors named for Automechanika Birmingham
Headline sponsors named for Automechanika Birmingham
Automechanika Birmingham has revealed its platinum headline sponsors for its 2023 event, which will take place from 6-8 June at the NEC.
With more than 12,000 visitors expected to attend, next year's show will be the first since 2019 and will feature training hubs for collision repair, EV, ADAS, alongside a full list of more than 500 exhibitors showcasing the latest innovations in the sector.
Platinum headline sponsors include Anest Iwata, Continental, LIQUI MOLY, Moove Lubricants, Shell, ZF Aftermarket, Bosch and LKQ Euro Car Parts.
Gold headline sponsors gold include bilstein group, HELLA, MANN-FILTER, MANNOL, NGK, Snap-On, TUNAP and WIX Filter.
Meanwhile, featured exhibitors include AUTEL, BM Catalysts, Core Diagnostics, DAYCO, FlexFuel, HaynesPro, ISN Europe, MEYLE, Sampa, TEXA and Toyota First.
Simon Albert, managing director of event organisers Messe Frankfurt UK, said: "We're looking forward to opening our doors and welcoming a plethora of the largest and most respected names in the industry next June, with exhibitors already gearing up to connect with likeminded professionals on a national scale.
"2023's event is set to be bigger and better than ever before and will provide a real opportunity to add value to exhibitors, while providing key insights into the future of the automotive aftermarket and the wide range of opportunities available – whether you're an exhibitor or a visitor, it's definitely not one to miss."
Also included will be a refreshed trade event, the Automotive Supply Chain Forum, in association with the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT). The Forum will offer key insights into the opportunities available to help future-proof the industry.
Automechanika Birmingham Automotive Supply Chain Forum Messe Frankfurt SMMT