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4 brand new bungalows LANKAHUTS welcome you on the beach of Negombo.
Located 15 Km. from the international airport of Colombo. Negombo is the ideal place to enjoy your first or last days in Sri Lanka.
In Negombo you can walk on a kilometres long sand beach, visit the largest fish market of Sri Lanka and the local markets. Many restaurants pubs and shops complete the happiness of your stay.
We pick you up at 6:30, We leave for Kandy, On route we stop at a Pineapple garden, after this visit we proceed to the Elephant Orphange in Pinnawala. Around 9:15 start the feeding time the Baby Elephants getting their milk, Around 10:00 the Elephants going for a bath in the river. after our visit at Pinnawala we proceed to the Elephant riding place, here you can decide to take a ride on a Elephant through the jungle. After our visit at the Elephant riding place We proceed to Kandy. The name Kandy is derived from the Sinhalese. The Portuguese shortened this to "Candea", using the name for both the kingdom and its capital Senkadagalapura. In Sinhala, Kandy is called Maha Nuvara, meaning "Great City" or "Capital", although this is most often shortened to Nuvara. We will visit a spice and herbal garden, the Botanical garden, make a visit to the Kandy Temple Dalada Maligawa Temple of the Tooth, we visit the gem museum, see a batic factory, silk factory and on the way back we will visit a tea factory.
We pick you up at 7:00 Am, we leave for Ratnapura, Ratnapura ("City of Gems") is the name of the provincial capital of Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka and the Ratnapura District in which the town is situated. Some say the modern name is derived from the Portuguese name Rapadura for jaggery, the palm candy produced traditionally in this region, but the more common explanation in Sri Lanka is that it comes from the Sinhala "ratna" meaning gems and "pura" meaning city.Ratnapura is also spelled as Rathnapura. it is the centre of a long-established industry of precious stone mining including rubies, sapphires, and other gems. Apart from gem mining, the town is known for rice and fruit cultivations. Large plantations of tea andrubber surround the town. Tea grown in this region is called low-country tea. You will see how they pick up the stones from the pit. We will visit one of the museums after that we will visit a gem workshops this will give you the opportunity to see a variety of precious stone, such as rubies, sapphires, cat's eyes, alexandrites, aquamarines, tourmalines, spinels, topaz, garnets, amethyst, zircons etc. After this visit we go back to the hotel.
We pick you up at 4:30 Am, we leave for Dutch Bay Kalpitiya - the ancient Dutch port town has one of the finest beaches in the Puttalam region located against the backdrop of the biggest Lagoon in Sri Lanka. Kalpitiya is the best place if you are interested in seeing Dolphins. During November to March is the best season to go Dolphin Watching off Kalpitiya. Around 7:00 Am we take the boat and go to open sea looking for the Dolphins, After this adventure we proceed back via Puttalam and Chilaw. the first stop is in Puttalam, Puttalam is the home to one of Sri Lanka's largest lagoons, also called Puttalam lagoon. We visit the salt factory after we have seen this we proceed to Chilaw. There is a saying that "Chilaw is famous for Crabs, Coconuts, and Coreas," a testament to the influence of the Corea Family who hail from this town. Chilaw is famous for the nearby Munneswaram temple, which is visited by both Hindus as well as Buddhists. After we visit the temple in Chilaw we proceed back to your hotel.
We pick you up at 6:30 and we leave for Dambulla driving through Kurunagala. Kurunagala is situated at a high altitude most of the city is plain land except the surrounding rocks. We proceed to Sigiriya. Sigiriya (Lion's rock) is an ancient rock fortress and palace ruin, We start and climbing the rock. after we are back from the top of the rock we drive to the Elephant riding place. You can decide to take a ride on a Elephant through the Jungle. On the way back we visit Dambulla. In Dambulla we visit one of the the biggest vegetables market in Sri Lanka. Siteseeing the city and proceed to the Dambulla Caves. Dating back to the 1st century BC, this is the most impressive cave temple in Asia. It has five caves under a vast overhanging rock, carved with a drip line to keep the interiors dry. In 1938 the architecture was embellished with arched colonnades and gabled entrances. Inside the caves, the ceilings are painted with intricate patterns of religious images following the contours of the rock. There are images of the Lord Buddha and bodhisattvas, as well as various gods and goddesses. After this visit we proceed back to the hotel.


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Sindhi workies, (alternatively Sindworkis, Sindworkies or Sindwork merchants, ( ;  ; ), were wealthy Hindu traders and merchants from the Sindh region of British India. This merchant class rapidly gained prominence during the British rule of India and spread their businesses overseas to places as far as Malta, South Africa and Singapore.

Many of the Sindhi workies were from the Bhaiband merchant caste, and to some degree the Amils, who were based and lived in Hyderabad. They established their businesses on the supply of traditional Sindhi arts and crafts, collectively known as Sindhi work or Sindwork, particularly in the British and European markets. The Sindhi workies were amongst the first Indian traders to establish business outside of India, particularly in places where the British had influence.

Due to the nature of their business, the men traditionally spent only six months at home in Hyderabad, while up to the following three years abroad. It was the women and children of these Sindhi workies who were left to look after their homes and who later established a new-age Hindu socio-religious movement in Hyderabad known as Om Mandali (now Brahma Kumaris).

History
When the British took over Sindh, many of the Bhaiband and Amil castes of Sindhi Hindu Lohanas residing in Hyderabad took advantage of the British rule. They "strengthened their commercial links between Sindh and Bombay to embark upon a completely new venture, [selling] local craft productions to European clientele". These craft products became known as Sindwork in the European and British markets. Almost all of the Sindwork merchants were largely based in and around Hyderabad, while a few lived in Shikarpur and Sukkur.

In "[making] good use of the benefits of being British Indian subjects", the Sindwork merchants established for themselves a sea-based network of commerce on a worldwide scale. The Sindwork merchants fared better than their Chinese and Japanese counterparts they didn't have to face political obstacles and became "'global middlemen' between Far East and India". The Sindwork merchants had "privileged connections" with the Japanese and marched ahead of their Gujarati counterparts after being facilitated by the Chinese merchants' boycott of Japanese goods following the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Sindwork trade
The Sindwork trade primarily included printed and embroidery materials, silks, silverware, lacquer ware, pottery and jewellery. Typically, Sindwork was produced by Muslim craftspeople and artisans, but because it was traded across the globe by Hindu traders, it brought immense wealth to these Hindu merchants who owned these firms. Such wealth was acquired by these traders that they fashioned their abodes into palatial mansions. Renowned scholar Rabindranath Tagore even called Hyderabad "the most fashionable city in India" because of this extravagant lifestyles of its trader citizens.

Hatta varnka
The Sindwork merchants had developed a special writing script that was used as a secret code while codifying their cash books and ledgers. This script was known under several names: hatta varnka, hat varnka, varnka, hattai, or hatvanika. Its use was not well documented and therefore scholars debate, to date, about the true meaning of this script. This script was used for business and overseas communications and its purpose was to make the company's accounting unintelligible to revenue collectors in order to enable tax evasion.

See also
 Bhaiband
 Amils
 Hyderabad, also Hirabad
 Shikarpur
 Indian Maltese

Citations

References

External links

Society of India
Society of Sindh
Sindhi diaspora
Economic history of Sindh

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Learn what it's like to live in Owasso, Oklahoma!
Owasso, Oklahoma is a northern suburb of Tulsa, in the northeastern corner of Oklahoma known as "Green Country" for its vegetation, hills, and lakes.
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With its proximity to Tulsa, residents of Owasso can get the convenience and amenities of a metropolitan without living in it.
In fact, Owasso became a bedroom community for Tulsa in the 1950's. But as Tulsa expanded, so did the industry around Owasso, which helped further facilitate its growth.
Industrial development increased during the 1980s and 1990s when companies like American Airlines, Nordam Group and Whirlpool built factories in the area.
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It's high value, excellent quality of life, and community are just a few reasons people decide to call Owasso home.
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© 2022 Elizabeth Beaubien – Tulsa Realtor, All Rights Reserved. Back to top

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Thanks for looking at this print!


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Essentially the most surprising a part of Russian gender roles for Individuals is the idea that love always outweighs work. That means that the majority of Russian girls dedicate their efforts to discovering a husband, after which caring for his or her youngsters. That is not to say that girls don't obtain educations or have careers right here, because they most actually do. Typically AsiaDatingClub, although, most set aside their career until their children are grade college age, that means that they depart behind a job they could have had prior to having a baby. Russians desire to care for his or her children without the assistance of a nanny, and the concept of preschool is a overseas concept. They're completely dedicated to their household and the love inside it.
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This article first appeared in Marketing magazine in February 2008. I thought it would be useful to share it with you here. And yes, I am back to blogging again after a super long hiatus!
By now, every publicist worth his or her salt would have heard of the wonders of new media. Anything imbued with the word 2.0, social media, conversational marketing, blogosphere or peer-to-peer is laden with the Midas touch. Want to access the 80 million blogs around the world?
Just put up something within the next two hours on Blogger, Wordpress or Movable Type. Presto! Your blog ranking will hit Technorati's top 100, and a gazillion citizen journalists will hungrily chew over every sacred word issued from your online altar, propelling you to instant worldwide fame.
Yeah right. If only it is this easy.
After dabbling in various social media platforms for close to three years, I learnt certain principles needed to thrive (or at least survive) in this space.
First, grow your grassroot groups by adopting a bottoms-up approach. A-list bloggers and blogeratis (blog celebrities) have huge readerships. However, are they the right target audiences for your corporate messages? It may be more prudent to cultivate your own niche community of raving fans who are users that endorse your products and services.
Second, do not fire your PR folks. While social media is largely dependent on the efforts of individuals in cultivating bloggers, there is still a huge role for mainstream media. Newspapers, TV, radio and magazines still capture a vast amount of eyeballs and audiences.
Third, be religiously regular in posting content but don't kill yourself. The online race is a marathon - not a 100 metre sprint! If you are starting a blog, publish posts on a regular basis which your readers are comfortable with. If you are putting up podcasts, ensure that you are able to pipe in compelling content that listeners can appreciate and enjoy. Silence isn't golden in cyberspace.
Fourth, establish yourself and your company as a thought leader. Blogging, podcasting or videocasting gives one an incredible opportunity to showcase intellectual prowess in the subject matter while gaining fans. Credibility is important so show your stripes in social media spaces.
Fifth, complement your online marcom strategies with offline ones. I am a firm believer that branding and integrated marketing communications should apply in the social media universe. Of course, it doesn't mean that you have to slap your logo everywhere or embrace the same colour scheme throughout. What it does mean though is that your approach to engaging bloggers should be consistent with your brand values.
Sixth, get your hands dirty, roll up your sleeves, engage in online conversations and blog away. The best way to understand the new digital domain is to become one of them. Mingle freely way before delivering your first "key message". It is back to Relationships 101 all over again.
Finally, be realistic about what you can or cannot achieve in the new media arena. There are certain topics and subjects that just won't cut it online, regardless of the amount of cultivation/friendship/bribery that you have done. Be happy with little successes in the initial stages and build on to bigger and better things in time to come.


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Some of us are fortunate enough to have built up a relationship with a physician over many years, so there's some genuine rapport and trust to bank on. But it can be a difficult exchange to navigate. Often you don't feel great to begin with. The doctor seems hurried and speaks in jargon. You're intimidated and reluctant to talk about personal issues. Besides, even in the best of circumstances, it's hard to know what's important to mention.
Several members of the Health Letter's editorial board were asked to suggest topics and issues that patients should (but usually don't) discuss with their doctors. Here are 11 of their suggestions for things you should tell your doctor:
1. What you want to do or used to do but can't do any longer.
Either out of stoicism, denial, accommodation, or some combination of all three, people often come to accept a certain level of disability, especially if it's the result of a condition that has come on slowly or involves something private like sex. Lab tests or a physical examination aren't going to reveal the compromises you've made along the way. If you don't tell your doctor about them, you may be missing out on treatments that would ease the problem, or even solve it.
2. What you're afraid of.
Particularly after the diagnosis of a serious disease, many people dwell on the worst. Even without a diagnosis, some people carry around pretty wild fears about medical conditions. Your doctor can't become your psychotherapist. But a thoughtful, attentive doctor (not all of them are, of course) might reassure you by giving you some facts or a calmer, more objective perspective on your situation.
3. Where you've traveled.
Inexpensive airfare has made travel even to formerly remote places in Africa and Asia so common these days that we tend to take it for granted. But especially if you have those notoriously vague "flu-like" symptoms, it's essential to tell your doctor about any recent trips. You may have caught something that can be treated — and could be disastrous if it isn't.
4. If a family member has recently been diagnosed with a serious disease.
Family history is critical information for any doctor. As genetic and other forms of testing advance, people are getting diagnosed with new conditions or "preconditions" more often. Last year's family history may be out of date. Keeping it current will help your doctors make all sorts of decisions, not the least of which is whether you should be tested for a condition.
5. Over-the-counter pills and supplements you take.
Patients often forget to tell doctors about nonprescription medications they're taking regularly, and they'll deliberately keep them in the dark about herbal medicines because they think a mainstream doctor will be critical, ignorant, or — worst of all — both. But over-the-counter medications and supplements can have dangerous interactions with conventional medications.
6. The medications you take that have been prescribed by other doctors.
To put it mildly, American health care is not very well coordinated. Especially if you're seeing several specialists, you can't assume that they have conferred (indeed, they probably haven't). Medical records are often Balkanized, with information collected at one office or institution never reaching another. The form you fill out in the waiting room usually asks you about the medications you're taking, but the doctor might not have had time to look at it carefully. So to be on the safe side, you should tell a doctor about medications that other doctors have prescribed for you. Bring a list or even the pill bottles themselves.
7. The medications you're supposed to take but don't.
More than a few pills never leave the bottle. Sometimes side effects are to blame. Other times people never really intend to take the medicine. If you discuss the situation with your doctor, maybe the prescription can be changed. If you just don't like taking pills, perhaps there's a perfectly good non pharmacological approach to your problem. Either way, you won't find out unless you come clean about not taking your medications.
8. If you smoke or drink heavily.
Most smokers know they shouldn't, so they're sometimes ashamed to tell a doctor about it. If you're asked about smoking, don't lie — and if you aren't asked, bring it up yourself. The same goes for heavy drinking, although denial is obviously a problem.
9. If you've been depressed or under stress.
The stigma is fading fast, but many people still don't like to admit they're depressed. Stress isn't considered shameful, but it's hard to pin down. And both get channeled into fatigue, insomnia, or irritability, so the root cause may get buried under the symptoms. Broaching the subject with a doctor is a good way to start sorting through these issues. Particularly for depression, it may lead to treatment — antidepressants, talk therapy, or some combination — that makes you feel a whole lot better.
10. If you're having incontinence problems.
Urinary or fecal incontinence is a prime example of a condition that people learn to live with because they're embarrassed by it or see it as an unavoidable consequence of old age. There are no guarantees, but these days they're often manageable conditions — but only if you tell your doctor first.
11. If you're experiencing sexual dysfunction.
Everywhere you turn these days, it seems like there's an ad for Viagra, Levitra or Cialis, the erectile dysfunction drugs. Haven't we talked about sexual dysfunction enough? It's different, though, when it's you and your problem. Many people clam up when a doctor really could help them with sexual dysfunction.
Of course, you're probably not going to have time to talk about all of these topics in one appointment. So you need to make the most of it by thinking ahead. Writing down some details
like your travel dates and destinations,
the over-the-counter medications you're taking,
and family history of disease can be a major time saver.
That way you won't be there in the doctor's office trying to remember it all.
Many people find it helpful to identify the three or four most important issues they want to discuss with a doctor.
Make a list of your priorities, or have someone do it with you.
Afraid to Speak Up at the Doctor's Office
By Pauline Chen, MD : NY Times : May 31, 2012
A friend of mine, a brilliant and accomplished academic in her 70s who once specialized in history and literature, recently phoned to ask for medical advice after being discharged from the hospital for what sounded like a mini-stroke. Ever eager to learn something new, she pressed me on "the latest research" and asked what doctors around the country were doing for her condition.
We discussed a few research studies, diagnostic tests and treatment options, but when I suggested she speak with her primary care doctor and perhaps a neurologist, her end of the line went silent. I wondered if my cellphone had dropped the connection or, for a single harrowing second, if my friend was having another strokelike event.
When she finally spoke again, her once-confident voice sounded nearly childlike. "I don't really feel comfortable bringing it up," she said. While her doctor was generally warm and caring, "he seems too busy and uninterested in what I feel or want to say."
"I don't want him to think I'm questioning his judgment," she added. "I don't want to upset him or make him angry at me!"
For over a generation now, efforts to make health care more patient-friendly have focused on getting patients and doctors to work together to make decisions about care and treatment. Numerous research papers, conferences and advocacy organizations have been devoted to this topic of "shared decision-making," and even politicians have clambered aboard the train, devoting several provisions in the Affordable Care Act to "preference-sensitive care."
But one thing has been missing in nearly all of these earnest efforts to encourage doctors to share the decision-making process. That is, ironically, the patient's perspective.
Now a study published in the most recent issue of Health Affairs has begun to uncover some of that perspective, and the news is not good. In our enthusiasm for all things patient-centered, we seem to have, as the saying goes, taken the thought of including patient preferences for the deed.
The researchers conducted several focus groups with 48 patients from five primary care physicians in the San Francisco Bay area. First, they showed the patient participants a short video on several equally effective but very different treatment approaches for a heart ailment. Then, they asked them questions about what they did with their own doctors when faced with a choice among several treatment options that might be equally effective but could differ in lifestyle effects, cost or range of complications. Finally, the researchers asked the participants if they were comfortable asking doctors about different treatments, discussing their values and preferences or disagreeing with their doctors' recommendations.
The participants responded that they felt limited, almost trapped into certain ways of speaking with their doctors. They said they wanted to collaborate in decisions about their care but felt they couldn't because doctors often acted authoritarian, rather than authoritative. A large number worried about upsetting or angering their doctors and believed that they were best served by acting as "supplicants" toward the doctor "who knows best." Many also believed that they could depend only on themselves for getting more information about treatments or diseases. Some even said they feared retribution by doctors who could ultimately affect their care and how they did.
The findings fly in the face of previous optimistic assumptions about shared decision-making that were based mostly on studies that examined physicians' intent, but not patient perceptions. "Many physicians say they are already doing shared decision-making," said Dominick L. Frosch, lead author of the new study and an associate investigator in the Department of Health Services Research at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute in California. "But patients still aren't perceiving the relationship as a partnership."
Interestingly, most participants in this study were over 50, lived in affluent areas and had either attended or completed graduate school. "It's hard to think that people from more disadvantaged backgrounds would find it any easier to question doctors," Dr. Frosch said.
While understanding health care issues and making themselves heard in discussions were not difficult in general for the participants in the study, the skills and confidence they had in other settings appeared to have little relevance once they were in their doctors' offices. They could not speak as easily as they normally did. "People experience a different sense of self in the doctor-patient interaction," Dr. Frosch observed. "The clinical context creates a reluctance to be more assertive."
Dr. Frosch and his colleagues are working on a larger study examining the extent to which patients feel constrained. And they have plans to study whether there are better ways to encourage patient engagement.
Systemic changes to increase shared decision-making must be addressed as well. Care organizations and doctors' practices must be restructured to allow more in-depth conversations; clinicians need to be reimbursed for the time required for more meaningful conversations; and health care systems must adopt rigorous quality standards that measure and value real patient engagement in decisions.
"We urgently need support of shared decision-making that is more than just rhetoric," Dr. Frosch said. "It may take a little longer to talk through decisions and disagreements; but if we empower patients to make informed choices, we will all do much better in the long run."


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Home » Swell B-Peg V3 Bass Overdrive Pedal Review
more... Gear • Bass Effects • Reviews • Bass Gear • Effects • Overdrive • Sound Samples • May 2012 • Swell
Swell B-Peg V3 Bass Overdrive Pedal Review
$0 $0 $0It wasn't long after learning my first arpeggio that I started thinking about what my rock 'n' roll life was going to look like. When I first opened up Van Halen's Diver Down and saw that photo of a packed stadium and a happy band, I knew it was for me. And as I got a little older, learned a few songs, and watched countless videos on MTV of bands playing to thousands of adoring fans, I realized I had to have a proper bass rig to satisfy my eventual fandom. I knew I needed an SVT.$0
$0Fast-forward to three days after my 23rd birthday when, in a freak accident, I crushed a vertebra in my back. Not long after recovering from the accident, I was determined as ever to buy my first "real" bass rig. But as soon as I tried to lift the SVT I was checking out, I knew I would never actually own any gear that weighed that much. I've heard many musicians joke that they are only paid to move equipment back-and-forth, and that playing is just a bonus. With that thought in mind, I've always purchased gear I could move without the help of a forklift. My dreams of owning that SVT sound were unfortunately dashed with the constraints of my lingering injury.$0 $0 But with the cut switch flipped on, the tones evened out and the highs rang out loud and clear, giving my fills and arpeggios more life and vibrancy. $0 $0 $0Fortunately, those dreams were recently reignited. With the release of the new B-Peg V3 overdrive from Swell Pedals, I found that getting that SVT-esque sound was possible while still being easily transportable.$0 $0The Stuff Dreams Are Made Of$0 Similar to Swell's other pedal offerings, the B-Peg V3 Overdrive is housed in a sturdy, powder-coated metal encasement and its die-cast aluminum construction and interlocking lid ensure complete RF shielding. Even with the pedal's internal 12AX7 tube, the rugged design of this 100 percent analog unit left me little to worry about when transporting and handling it from gig to gig. With a Fender Jazz through a Trace Elliot GP12 SMX 4001 head and an SWR 4x10 cab, I used the B-Peg right out of the box and ran it through its paces at four live shows—two small clubs and twice in festival settings.	$0 $0Remember, This Is a Teenage Fantasy, So Make it Easy$0 For anyone who's always wanted the big sound of an SVT, but not wanted to pay for it, or in my case, heft the "bigness" of it, the B-Peg V3 pedal delivers in both tone and ease-of-use. And within seconds of plugging it in, I knew exactly what it could do. Alongside the gold-plated Switchcraft jacks for the input and output is a record-out jack with speaker simulation, all of which are top-mounted. And though the B-Peg V3 does come with a power adaptor—often a bonus when it comes to effects pedals—it does not run on battery power. That's not a deal breaker for me, but a small disappointment nonetheless. A great feature of the B-Peg V3 is the pair of separate gains that are selectable via true-bypass footswitching. Need one sound when playing the verse, and something a bit more aggressive for the chorus? Done. And the dual gains can be switched back and forth quickly and easily with the clearly marked controls. The on/off footswitch illuminates in red indicating the pedal is powered up, while the Gain-2 footswitch lights up in green when the second gain's settings are engaged. Am I easily impressed? Maybe. But there is beauty in simplicity, and as a gigging musician, I love when something is engineered to be "idiot proof." Amidst the confusion of a poorly lit stage, it can be easy to forget which stomp does what. Using a pedal I wasn't familiar with in a live setting, it was nice to have my options be so clear. $0 $0I Sound Like Me, But Awesome$0 Using the Gain-1 control knob for settings below 12 o'clock and the Gain-2 for anything above noon, the B-Peg V3 filled up and rounded out the pickups on my Jazz with a fuller and warmer tone. The gain settings below 12 o'clock amplified my entire sound and filled out the low end nicely, while higher-level settings on the second gain gave me a similar feel with an added aggressive nature—excellent for driving lines. $0 $0 $0Ratings$0 $0Pros:$0 Great tone with plenty of control. Easy to use and well constructed.$0 $0Cons:$0 No 9V battery option. Priced for the professional player.$0 $0Tones:$0 $0 $0Playability/Ease of Use:$0 $0 $0Build:$0 $0 $0Value:$0 $0 $0Street: $0 $349$0 $0SWELL Pedals$0 swellpedals.com$0 $0 $0Along with control knobs for tone and master volume, the B-Peg's pair of 2-position toggle switches for fat and cut allow for some additional tonal variety. While the fat switch is onboard to add low end, I found it to be unnecessary for the most part. The pedal provided such depth and a definitive thud to my sound that the fat switch seemed to be just a step too far. However, I imagine it would be a great asset for someone with cheaper pickups or in need of a huge boost. Because the pedal already adds so much roundness and phatness to the tone, it would be easy to imagine that the higher frequencies would have difficulty cutting through. That said, I was impressed with the way the highs performed before I even touched the cut switch. But with the cut switch flipped on, the tones evened out and the highs rang out loud and clear, giving my fills and arpeggios more life and vibrancy. $0 $0Though I kept the pedal's master volume dialed back at smaller club gigs, the festival environment allowed me the flexibility to crank up the master and really hear what the pedal could do. With each note, walking line, or driving line, the tone cut through everything else going on. I was going through a Trace, but my huge sound was reminiscent of a mid-'70s SVT. The thud of the drummer's kick with my bass tone was enough to make us both look at each other and smile right when I first plugged in. Always conscious of the job the sound engineer has to do, I asked the engineer at the first gig if I was too loud. "Nope," he said, "you sound better than I've ever heard you." $0 $0The Verdict$0 Am I going to be playing at a baseball stadium filled with fans dying to hear my greatest hits? It's not likely for me or the other 99.99 percent of people that pick up an instrument. With the Swell B-Peg V3, I felt like I could get some of that tone that's fit for an arena with its unrefined, dreamlike warmth—the SVT tone of my adolescent dreams, but without breaking my back. And that was awesome. So if you are looking for a simpler way to get to that classic overdriven sound, with plenty of control on tap, Swell's B-Peg V3 pedal just find a home on your pedalboard. $0
Crazy Tube Circuits Introduces the Planet B Bass Overdrive
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Metal Pedals Rawhide Overdrive Pedal Review
Visual Sound Unveils the V3 Route 66 American Overdrive
SNAMM '18 - Chellee Guitars Ponyboy V3 Overdrive Demo


text:
#include <zephyr/bluetooth/audio/cap.h>

#if defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST)
static void cap_stream_configured_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream,
				     const struct bt_codec_qos_pref *pref)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->configured != NULL) {
		ops->configured(bap_stream, pref);
	}
}

static void cap_stream_qos_set_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->qos_set != NULL) {
		ops->qos_set(bap_stream);
	}
}

static void cap_stream_enabled_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->enabled != NULL) {
		ops->enabled(bap_stream);
	}
}

static void cap_stream_metadata_updated_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->metadata_updated != NULL) {
		ops->metadata_updated(bap_stream);
	}
}

static void cap_stream_disabled_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->disabled != NULL) {
		ops->disabled(bap_stream);
	}
}

static void cap_stream_released_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->released != NULL) {
		ops->released(bap_stream);
	}
}

#endif /* CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST */

static void cap_stream_started_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->started != NULL) {
		ops->started(bap_stream);
	}
}

static void cap_stream_stopped_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->stopped != NULL) {
		ops->stopped(bap_stream);
	}
}

#if defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST) || defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_BROADCAST_SINK)
static void cap_stream_recv_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream,
			       const struct bt_iso_recv_info *info,
			       struct net_buf *buf)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->recv != NULL) {
		ops->recv(bap_stream, info, buf);
	}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST || CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_BROADCAST_SINK */

#if defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST) || defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_BROADCAST_SOURCE)
static void cap_stream_sent_cb(struct bt_audio_stream *bap_stream)
{
	struct bt_cap_stream *cap_stream = CONTAINER_OF(bap_stream,
							struct bt_cap_stream,
							bap_stream);
	struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops = cap_stream->ops;

	if (ops != NULL && ops->sent != NULL) {
		ops->sent(bap_stream);
	}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST || CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_BROADCAST_SOURCE */

static struct bt_audio_stream_ops bap_stream_ops = {
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST)
	.configured = cap_stream_configured_cb,
	.qos_set = cap_stream_qos_set_cb,
	.enabled = cap_stream_enabled_cb,
	.metadata_updated = cap_stream_metadata_updated_cb,
	.disabled = cap_stream_disabled_cb,
	.released = cap_stream_released_cb,
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST */
	.started = cap_stream_started_cb,
	.stopped = cap_stream_stopped_cb,
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST) || defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_BROADCAST_SINK)
	.recv = cap_stream_recv_cb,
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST || CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_BROADCAST_SINK */
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST) || defined(CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_BROADCAST_SOURCE)
	.sent = cap_stream_sent_cb,
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_UNICAST || CONFIG_BT_AUDIO_BROADCAST_SOURCE */
};

void bt_cap_stream_ops_register(struct bt_cap_stream *stream,
				struct bt_audio_stream_ops *ops)
{
	stream->ops = ops;
	bt_audio_stream_cb_register(&stream->bap_stream, &bap_stream_ops);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Home of the '60 Dynamic 88, Super 88, and 98 Rockets!
A '60 Olds Remembered…with a 3 speed manual!
This featured member comes all the way from France!! Frederic Jacquemin is the proud owner of not 1 but 3 1960 Oldsmobiles! All three are export models that have some interesting export-only features: 200 kph speedometers, and lower compression engines. Also notice the reflectors on the rear bumpers.
The Super 88 Holiday SceniCoup is a full restoration, the 98 SportSedan needed mainly mechanical work, and the 98 SceniCoup is probably too far gone to be a restoration project, but it's got plenty of good parts to help keep other 1960 Oldsmobiles on the road.


text:
Caucasus Report
Death Toll In Grozny Parliament Attack May Have Been Far Higher
October 29, 2010 07:51 GMT
Blood stains the sidewalk in front of the parliament building in Grozny on October 19.
More than 20 police and security personnel were killed and more than 40 injured in the October 19 attack by a small group of suicide bombers on the Chechen parliament building in Grozny, a Chechen security official has admitted. The official casualty toll made public immediately after the attack was three dead and 17 injured.
Ten days after the attack, there has still been no official claim of responsibility for it, in contrast to the audacious August 29 raid on Chechen Republic head Ramzan Kadyrov's home village of Tsentoroi. Kavkazcenter.com, which functions as the press service of the North Caucasus Emirate proclaimed by former Chechen Republic Ichkeria President Doku Umarov in October 2007, reported the Tsentoroi attack just hours after it took place, identifying as having spearheaded it three mid-level commanders from among the contingent of Chechen fighters who withdrew their oath of allegiance to Umarov three weeks earlier.
One participant in the Tsentoroi raid sent an SMS to RFE/RL's North Caucasus Service as they retreated, reporting that "Tsentoroi is burning." Other militants called RFE/RL's North Caucasus Service on August 31 and September 1 to provide further details of the operation. And on September 3, a video clip was uploaded to the Internet showing senior Chechen commander Aslanbek Vadalov, together with the Arab fighter Mukhannad, standing by a maquette of the village and indicating which fighters should target which building from which direction.
The failure to claim responsibility for the parliament attack thus raises the question: Which militant faction was behind it? Umarov's? Or the more moderate Islamist faction jointly headed by veteran commanders Vadalov, Khuseyn Gakayev, Tarkhan Gaziyev, and Mukhannad?
Certainly, the parliament attack appears to have been as well planned, timed, and executed as the Tsentoroi raid. The fact that the attackers arrived by taxi, having told the driver they were the personal bodyguards of a parliament deputy, obviated the challenge of negotiating police road blocks and control posts.
Moreover, although several suicide attacks by a lone bomber were perpetrated in Grozny and nearby towns last year, Umarov has never, since taking over supreme command in June 2006, launched a single attack of such daring and sophistication as those on Tsentoroi and the parliament building.
If the moderate wing was, indeed, behind last week's attack, their failure to take responsibility for it may simply reflect the daunting logistical problems in making public any such claim in conditions of heightened security surveillance and, it must be assumed, intensive monitoring of all electronic communications originating on Chechen territory. Recent videos by Vadalov and Gakayev were posted to Chechen websites based in Europe only after an interval of two to three weeks.
On the other hand, there remains the remote possibility that the attack was, after all, Umarov's handiwork, and was intended to serve two purposes. The first is to demonstrate that the military capabilities of the Umarov faction are in no respect inferior to that of the breakaway field commanders. Video footage shot earlier this month of purported new recruits undergoing basic training was clearly meant to send the same message.
The second is to cast doubts on the sincerity of appeals by Vadalov, Gakayev, and Gaziyev to the Chechen nation to unite in the fight for a free and independent Chechnya under Islamic law. Umarov has issued a series of increasingly vindictive verbal attacks on his erstwhile subordinates, culminating in a demand that Gakayev (whom the breakaway camp have elected their leader) return the materiel and funds Umarov had given him earlier.
Umarov's website reported the attack on the parliament building but failed to identify the perpetrators.
The Chechen Interior Ministry, for its part, immediately branded Gakayev the mastermind of the parliament attack. Kadyrov on October 20 claimed that the attackers were acting on orders from exiled Chechen politician Akhmed Zakayev, who had formally acknowledged Gakayev as Chechnya's legitimate wartime leader. Zakayev, for his part, has formally disclaimed any connection with the attack, or any knowledge of who was behind it.
The pro-Moscow Chechen leadership is currently seeking to reassure the population that it is in complete control of the situation. Police have reported the successful thwarting on October 25 of a purported planned bomb attack on a Grozny theater and the discovery on October 26 in a Grozny attic of a belt containing explosives of the type used in suicide bombings.
Also on October 26, several hundred members of pro-Kadyrov youth organizations staged a march through central Grozny to denounce "terrorism." That orchestrated protest culminated in the ritual burning of portraits of the alleged organizers of the parliament bombing. The protest participants identified Umarov, together with Vadalov, Gakayev and Zakayev, as responsible for that attack.
This blog presents analyst Liz Fuller's personal take on events in the region, following on from her work in the "RFE/RL Caucasus Report." It also aims, to borrow a metaphor from Tom de Waal, to act as a smoke detector, focusing attention on potential conflict situations and crises throughout the region. The views are the author's own and do not represent those of RFE/RL.


text:
Carriers Beware – Some Notable Exceptions to Bill of Lading Limitations
Published: February 26, 2018
Author: Adam Meyers
Authors: Allan Foran, Carolyn Frost, Adam Meyers
In previous articles we have pointed out the significance and importance of having a fully executed Bill of Lading ("BOL").
Having a BOL completed properly typically provides the carrier with protection with respect to the carriage of goods and also the possibility of damages. Most importantly, carriers can rely on the limitation of damages to $2 per pound.
However, carriers need to beware that the limitation provisions will not always apply.
Alberta Example
First, in one situation out of Alberta, a carrier was moving a "muscle car" that had great value. Before moving the car, the carrier was given a copy of the bill of sale setting out the real value, but no valid BOL was ever completed. In addition, the shipper told the carrier that the car was rare and made a specific request that the vehicle be transported inside an enclosed van. Unfortunately, during the course of transportation, another car being transported in the van broke loose and smashed into the corvette. In the lawsuit that followed, the carrier attempted to rely on limitation of liability provisions set out by Alberta law and deemed to be included in every contract of carriage that the carrier could not be required to pay any amount greater than $2 per pound if no higher value is indicated on the BOL.
The Court determined that the value of the vehicle had been declared and that the limitation of liability provisions did not protect the carrier. In this case, by providing the copy of the bill of sale to the carrier, the shipper had given notice of the car's extraordinary value. While typically the statutory limit would apply to limit the carrier's liability, the Court reasoned that the carrier, who knew the value of the car, could not rely on its own conduct in failing to properly declare that value on a BOL to avoid its liability.
The Court was impressed by the fact that the shipper requested special transportation in an enclosed van or trailer rather than in the manner that cars are normally transported. It reviewed the policy reasons behind limitation provisions, specifically that the provisions allow a carrier to determine if the movement involves carrying freight of "extraordinary value" following which, a carrier would be in a position to reject the movement. Here, the carrier knew the real value and still agreed to the transport the car. In those circumstances, the Court concluded that the carrier was liable for the full value attributed to the load.[1]
Manitoba Example
A further example from Manitoba is of interest. Here, Purolator received a specialized piece of equipment called a blood analyzing machine. Unlike the Alberta case, there was a completed BOL with specific provisions that limited Purolator's liability to $2 per pound. Purolator's delivery driver accidentally delivered the machine to the wrong address and, to make matters worse, deliberately completed the delivery slips incorrectly to conceal his mistake. While Purolator was attempting to determine where the machine was delivered, the plaintiff proceeded to replace the machine at a cost of $8,900. Purolator defended the subsequent lawsuit on the basis of the limitation provisions.
The Court found that the driver's actions in falsely completing the delivery slips were willful and dishonest. In the result, it was the willful nature of the steps that had been taken by the driver to muddy the waters that resulted in a finding that the plaintiff was entitled to receive the value of its claim, in spite of the limitation provisions.[2]
Ontario Example
In a third case from Ontario, a carrier was asked to move a valuable load estimated between $250,000 and $263,000. They were asked whether they had sufficient insurance to cover the value of load. The consignor filled out its own standard BOL and attached a copy of an invoice that showed the value of the consignment to be $263,520. After receiving the consignor's BOL, the trucking company's driver completed its own BOL. The driver referenced the invoice number rather than the plaintiff's BOL, but did not include the declared value in the second BOL. As a result, neither of the documents contained a declared value. The goods were stolen while in transit.
The defendant sought to rely on the limitation of liability to $2 per pound. The Court agreed that the legislative intent behind the requirement of the shipper to declare the value of the consignment was to allow the carrier to assess the risk and determine whether to assume that risk. In this instance, the consignor had provided a copy of the invoice and brought the value of the load to the carrier's attention. The carrier knew the liability to which it could be exposed if there was a loss.
The Court concluded that, although the onus was on the consignor to ensure there was a declared value on the face of the contract, by signing both BOL and specifically identifying that the BOL of the consignor had included an invoice as to the value of the product this was sufficient to take the limitation out of play.[3]
British Columbia Example
In a final example from British Columbia, a shipper had contracted to move an extremely heavy load. The carrier had difficulties in loading the product and the situation between the carrier's driver and the shipper's representative became "heated" as a result. At one point the carrier's driver passed a BOL (which was apparently "ripped out" and thrown at the consignor's representative) and stormed out of the office. The consignor's representative filled out the BOL and signed it, but the document was incomplete as it did not include the weight of the load. The driver left with the load, without completing the weight information, and an accident ensued. The carrier proceeded to weigh the product and inserted the weight value after the fact on the premise that it was "correcting" the BOL. It then attempted to rely on the limitation of $2 per pound.
The Court concluded that the BOL's limitation was not enforceable because it was not completed pursuant to the regulations of British Columbia. Although the carrier's BOL was provided to the consignor, the consignor did not complete it because the loading was not complete. Once loading was complete, the driver left with an incomplete bill of lading. The Court concluded it was the carrier's obligation to ensure that the BOL included the complete and relevant information. The Court also considered negatively the attempt by the carrier to "correct" the BOL by inserting a weight afterward. The Court determined that act was not helpful to the carrier's cause because there was no weight to "correct" in that the form was blank. [4]
In conclusion, there are situations in which the usual limitation may not apply.
Although the cases summarized are factually separate, the overall thrust is that the carriers' conduct in receiving and transporting goods will impact the application of the limitation of liability provisions – whether as it relates to incomplete information on the bill of lading, information that has been brought to their attention with respect to the true value of the goods, or willful misconduct.
This article first appeared in Western Canada Highway News, Spring 2018 issue.
Allan Foran wishes to thank Carolyn Frost and Adam Meyers for their assistance in this article.
[1] McColman v Duckerings International Freight Services Inc.
[2] Meditek Laboratory Services v Purolator Courier Ltd
[3] A And A Trading Ltd v DILS Trucking Inc.
[4] BC Ltd v Overland West Freight Lines Ltd
Employer Compliance Reviews: Take Them Seriously or Suffer the Consequences
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CATEGORY: Cannabis, Immigration, Labour & Employment, Transportation
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Nick has been a Chartered Financial Planner since 2009 having worked in the industry for 17 years, and won an award from the Chartered Insurance Institute (CII) for high marks throughout the Chartered process. He joined Cumberland Place in 2015 having previously worked for Deloitte, Rathbones and Brewin Dolphin, and focuses on building long-term financial plans for his clients to ensure they achieve their goals, maximise investment returns and minimise taxation and charges. Nick also holds the Investment Management Certificate and keeps up the firms fitness reputation through his tennis, golf and football pursuits.


Recent research has shown that only around 1 in 5 small to medium sized businesses are linking from their website to social media sites. With Social Media being such an integral part of online marketing activity we have written this article to help our clients get the most out of it and help you add specific Social Media links to your website.
When a user wants to share your content on Facebook with other potential customers they can click the "Like" button and a story will appear in your user's friends' Facebook feed. This is a fantastic way to allow your users to share your products and services with people they have identified as having an interest in your business.
If you follow this link and put your details in the small question form then Facebook does the hard work for you and creates a code that simply needs to be pasted into your website. You will then be displaying a Facebook "Like" button on your website that allows easy sharing for your users.
A "Tweet" button on a website makes sharing your website simple for all your website users that use Twitter, enjoy reading about your products and services and want to share with like-minded people. Using a "Tweet" button makes sharing your website quick and simple for the user and adds to your exposure online.
Clicking a Google +1 button is a fantastic way for your website users to share your information and give your business a public stamp of approval. With the ability for consumers to add comments and send your site to specific users it increases your exposure, to all the right people, with a personal recommendation from a person they trust.
Google + is perhaps the easiest button to add to your website. If you follow this link and select the size you want and the position you want it appear in, then the code is automatically generated ready for you to copy and paste directly into your website.
Social media gives credence to your business by encouraging peer review, humanising your brand, and getting exposure in the right place. I have only covered the three most popular social media brands here, all the others have their own version, just check through their sites as well and see how easy it is to start promoting on there. Social Media is the next generation of "Recommendation & Word Of Mouth" advertising – make sure you are using social media in the best possible way!


text:
AP Assembly Session
Home > News > International
Turkey: Peace impossible with Kurds
null | 29 July 2015 5:32 AM GMT
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan said on Tuesday it was impossible to continue a peace process with Kurdish militants and urged parliament to strip...
Ankara: Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan said on Tuesday it was impossible to continue a peace process with Kurdish militants and urged parliament to strip politicians with links to them of immunity from prosecution. His comments come days after the Turkish air force bombed camps in northern Iraq belonging to the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), following a series of attacks on police officers and soldiers in Turkey blamed on the Kurdish militant group.
The PKK said the air strikes, launched virtually in parallel with strikes against Islamic State fighters in Syria, rendered the peace process meaningless but stopped short of formally pulling out. "It is not possible for us to continue the peace process with those who threaten our national unity and brotherhood," Erdogan told a news conference in Ankara before departing on an official visit to China.
Western allies have said they recognise Turkey's right to self-defence but have urged the NATO member not to allow peace efforts with the PKK to collapse. While deeming the PKK a terrorist organisation, Washington depends heavily on allied Syrian Kurdish fighters in battling Islamic State in Syria.
An emergency NATO meeting in Brussels on Tuesday offered political support for Turkey's campaigns in Syria and Iraq, and Erdogan signalled Turkey may have a "duty" to become more involved. For NATO allies, the prospect of Turkey, which borders Iran, Iraq and Syria, fighting a domestic conflict against Kurdish as well as Islamist fighters is a deep concern. But for many in Turkey, Kurdish rebellion remains the primary national threat.
Besir Atalay, spokesman for the ruling AK Party, said it was too soon to declare the peace process over and said it could resume if "terrorist elements" put down arms and left Turkey. "There is currently a stagnation in the mechanism but it would restart where it left off if these intentions emerge," he told a press conference in Ankara.
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan
Peace Impossible with Kurds
Kurdish Militant Group
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text:
Supagrit
Colonizing the Future
Working people are forever kept on the brink of going broke. More than higher wages and better job security, a just economy requires giving them the power to choose and create their own futures.
Kevin P. Donovan
Categories: Class & Inequality, Law
Topics: Africa, Economy, Neoliberalism, Rethinking Political Economy
E. P. Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class relates the story of a Manchester silk weaver who, in 1835, complained of being subjugated to the urgent demands of the market. This skilled artisan observed how capitalists determined the pace at which they worked, while workers faced externally imposed timelines. "Labour," the weaver lamented, "is always carried to market by those who have nothing else to keep or to sell, and who, therefore, must part with it immediately." Rejecting any comparison of workers and capitalists, he stated, "if I, in an imitation of the capitalist" refused to sell what I have "because an inadequate price is offered me for it, can I bottle it? Can I lay it up in salt?" No, he bitterly answered, "labour cannot by any possibility be stored, but must be every instant sold or every instant lost."
The unequal capacity to secure a future, design reliable plans, and make credible promises defines our era, not merely the inequality of income and wealth.
It did not take Marx's later dictum that workers are free in a "double sense"—to work or to starve—to explain the distinction between income and wealth to the silk weaver. Wealth is an asset, providing a buffer against unexpected shocks in the short term and economic security in the long run. On the other hand, labor (the means to one's income) expires as soon as it stops. There is no way to store labor—to "bottle it" or "lay it up in salt"—thus working people navigate a series of urgent demands on their time and well-being.
It is this unequal capacity to secure a future, design reliable plans, and make credible promises that defines our era, not merely the inequality of income and wealth. Working people are confined in an interminable present, unable to escape the short-term demands of rent, debt, and food; illiquidity looms large and overshadows daily life. In stark contrast, corporations and the rich are able to contend with the threat of illiquidity, relying on past savings and expected future income to ensure their survival. We have long recognized that the working class is spatially confined and cruelly underpaid; we must also emphasize that they simultaneously struggle under timelines they do not choose.
The COVID-19 pandemic has reminded us of this reality, as U.S. corporations securely projected their futures in ways workers could not. In the first half of 2020 major corporations raised more than $1 trillion in cash to ride out the COVID-19 shock. These "war chests" of liquidity stand in contrast to the short timelines and punitive costs inflicted on citizens facing similar crises. Government policies allowed some corporations to leverage their market power and acquire the liquidity necessary to weather the storm. In many cases this corporate funding came with no immediate demands for repayment, as corporate bonds are often "bullet" coupons with the principle paid only at the end (rather than accruing over the course of the debt). Working people—many of whom were fired by the same companies receiving government assistance—were granted no such option. The credit card debt or payday loans that they might use for rent or basic goods after losing work quickly surpassed what little savings they might have had. Meanwhile wealthy people—able to work from home but prohibited from taking vacations—saw substantial rises in their savings, as spending declined and income remained more or less stable.
Working people around the world remain imprisoned on short-term horizons, unable to plan and organize along reliable timeframes available to those better off. In imagining and building a more just economy, we must think beyond merely raising wages and improving job security. A just economy necessitates the redistribution of assets and credibility, so working people can craft timelines on which they are equipped to make productive investments. Working people must have the means to choose and create their own futures. Without this, it will be impossible to build healthy communities and humane economies.
In the contemporary U.S. economy, a host of public policies—from retirement planning to credit subsidies—unequally dictate Americans' futures. For example, consider how the tax code has historically subsidized college savings: it promotes the future well-being of the relatively comfortable (the families who expect their children to go to college and can afford to put money away for it), while doing little for the families who cannot set money aside for college plans. For those who must borrow money to pay college tuition, the monthly schedule of student debt disciplines and controls near-term horizons. In a recent study of student debt among middle-class families, Caitlin Zaloom details how the necessity of families to borrow against expected earnings erodes "the right to the future"—the autonomy to direct one's life in a way that is not restricted by the "inequities and errors of the past." Indeed, student debt disproportionately circumscribes futures for minoritized people in the United States, as it often overlaps with other forms of deprivation.
The last four decades have witnessed a steady "evacuation of the near future." This is the "zero balance economy," wherein volatility and empty wallets are the norm.
Housing is another arena in which the future is unequally distributed. It is widely known that real estate capital and governmental policy have been complicit in producing racialized disparities—through redlining, exclusive covenants, gentrification, and infrastructure investment. Less recognized is how housing inequality forecloses the futures of some while stabilizing the futures of others. While both mortgage owners and renters must make monthly payments, only the former wind up with an asset that they control indefinitely at the end of thirty years. Homeowners are therefore freed from having to earn money for shelter each month. No such reprieve greets renters at the end of three decades; instead, renters are stuck in an endless month-to-month rhythm, denied stability and the tax deductions available for mortgages. Meanwhile, wage stagnation and skyrocketing rent have produced an enormous growth in housing insecurity across the United States, with millions of people, including the employed, struggling to keep up with the relentless pace of rent—especially in the midst of a pandemic.
In the wake of COVID-19 and its cascade of closures, more people feel as if they are running out of time; demands on people's wallets come far sooner than they can afford. Studies by the Federal Reserve documented this prior to the pandemic, revealing that many Americans would be unable to scrounge together $400 in an emergency. These long-existing crises of illiquidity only became widely apparent in the context of COVID-19.
But it did not used to be this way—at least not for so many. The last four decades have witnessed a steady "evacuation of the near future," to use the language of anthropologist Jane Guyer. In a 2007 essay, Guyer compared the temporalities of her post-WWII childhood in Britain with those of the neoliberal era, relying on research she conducted in Nigeria, among other studies. She argued that mid-century life was structured by the logic of the economic plan, sequentially unfolding in five-year periods. Keynesian social democrats were committed to the state direction of investment and resource allocation according to regular timeframes. The U.K. welfare state that was built in the 1940s kept workers secure from medium-term fluctuations through social insurance and healthcare, while longer-term horizons were stabilized through pensions and social security. Industry, too, cultivated the near future. In the Unites States the 1950 Treaty of Detroit ended the annual strikes in the automobile industry, as UAW members received predictable wage increases, healthcare, and pensions. Working people could reliably plan for the future, with increased homeownership, the end of unemployment's specter, and the guarantee of a solvent retirement. And, in turn, the Big Three automakers could plan for the near future without the risk of work interruptions.
Today stands in marked contrast. For many people the near future is uncertain and volatile. What was once the guarantee of a stable job has devolved into a hustle for gigs. The burdens of rent, debt, and other routine costs bear down on workers at a monthly pace, with the interim filled with the constant stress of having to work so as not to fall behind. Instead of imagining life as a series of successive stages—schooling, an advancing career, and retirement—downward mobility or stasis is the norm. But while this trend still seems novel in Euro-America, it was presaged in the post-colonies. In parts of the world where a welfare state and collective bargaining failed, such as Nigeria, there stands a long history of surviving in the face of an inescapable presentism.
While the mid-century division of the world into "developed" and "developing" countries suggests that the United States and Nigeria are economically incommensurate, especially if looking at annual income or GDP, this dichotomy is misleading. Instead, we should conceive of wealth and well-being around the world in relationship to the future: available for the well-off and relentlessly under question for the less fortunate.
Focusing solely on income inequality also misses how capitalist management exploits time. Many accounts—such as E.P. Thompson's essay on time and work-discipline in industrial capitalism—emphasize how the consolidation of the working day wielded new control over the proletariat. But today it is not just the factory floor where value is extracted; instead it is taken from the spending of populations that remain forever on the brink of going broke. With the short-term expenses of renters and debtors serving as a reliable source of profit, decent wages are no longer a necessary compromise to buoy demand. As a result, firms are less incentivized to negotiate with and pay their workers.
This experience of zero balance—the routine rhythm of insufficient funds—is not a phenomenon that occurs external to capitalism. Rather, it reflects new techniques of exploiting labor, expropriating wealth, and appropriating time.
Emma Park and I have called this the "zero balance economy": an economic reality wherein volatility and empty wallets are the norm. This economy was routine throughout our research in Kenya, but it applies elsewhere. Whether in the piecework regime of popular economies or among waged workers with limited unionization, there is not enough collective power to render income sufficient and predictable enough to escape the dash from paycheck to paycheck.
But this experience of zero balance—the routine rhythm of insufficient funds—is not a phenomenon that occurs external to capitalism. Though a recent book on "wageless life" contends that systems of profit have "no such incentive to absorb" surplus populations "rendered economically redundant," this is not the case. Rather, the zero balance economy reflects new techniques of exploiting labor, expropriating wealth, and appropriating time. We should conceptualize it as the colonization of our futures, controlled by external forces to extract as much as possible.
Regardless of whether participants in the zero balance economy are unwaged workers, irregularly employed, or simply make an insufficient income, they are sources of considerable profit. In the UK the growth of "zero-hours contracts"—where employees are not guaranteed any work yet are expected to appear at the firm's convenience—gives employers flexibility to reduce their costs as they please. It is also surprisingly lucrative to sell to those who are frequently broke. For example, renting to those with recurrent evictions is extremely profitable.
In Kenya the most profitable company—the telecommunications and finance giant Safaricom—excels at business models designed for those with volatile incomes. Safaricom has also pioneered lending via phone, where loans arrive on individuals' cellphones with just a few clicks. Safaricom's products, such as M-Shwari and Fuliza, as well as apps from Silicon Valley firms such as Tala and Branch, have exploded in popularity in recent years. They are now crucial means for many Kenyans to meet their daily costs. One survey found that 67 percent of these borrowers use the loans for basic personal consumption—a figure driven by Kenya's slowing pre-COVID-19 economy, as well as the country's spiraling costs of food, healthcare, and education. But the cost of borrowing is punitive—sometimes boasting interest rates in the triple digits if annualized—and their short-term basis forces borrowers to scramble to avoid additional fees and defaulting. In this way, their closest comparisons might be payday lending, cheque cashing, or pawn shops.
Working people around the world remain imprisoned on short-term horizons, unable to plan and organize along reliable timeframes available to those better off.
This dynamic recalls Wolfgang Streeck's argument that the retreat of public goods in Euro-America has led to an expansion in private household debt. Due to a combination of fiscal straight-jacketing, financial deregulation, and stagnant wages, people have turned to debt to finance decent standards of living, in effect mortgaging their future incomes to meet present, demanding needs. Debt is a crucial mode to "buy time," but not all debt is created equally; minoritized persons, female-headed households, and low-income people struggle to access credit at a duration and price that actually works in their favor. Too often efforts to "financially include" working people—whether in Kenya, the United States, or elsewhere—take the form of what Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor calls "predatory inclusion." Short-term initiatives ultimately undermine long-term flourishing, not least because they do nothing to confront the discriminatory logic embedded in the market and in financial policies.
So, what can be done to build economies in which working people are not driven by the short-term capitalist dictates of rent, debt, and commodification? What kind of economy might allow working people to plan their own futures?
To begin, we should broaden the scope of contemporary progressivism, which too often looks solely to the North Atlantic for inspiration. Maintaining the late colonial conceits of "welfare for us" and "development for them" blinds Euro-Americans not only to the problems common across the globe, but also to the lessons that might be gained from other counties. Whatever insights the era of Keynesian capitalism might offer progressives today, we should not forget its limits. The political economy manifest in the Treaty of Detroit was racially exclusive, built on the backs of unwaged women, and premised on resource extraction from postcolonial settings; it offered little to those who imagined a life outside of waged work. Instead, it sought to prune the edges of industrial capitalism, securing retirement, vacation time, and a system of relief for those temporarily out of work on a temporary basis. For many, the call for a guaranteed basic income today is an extension of this logic.
We must move beyond the idea that economic justice can be achieved through redistribution, and instead move toward a conception of the economy that gives working people productive power. Appreciating the significance of controlling assets, not just income, might produce a more fulsome political imagination. Recall the exoduses from Delhi, Nairobi, and other postcolonial cities as COVID-19 spread and, with it, closures were announced. For many leaving was an act of desperation, but these departures drew on long-standing repertoires for managing uncertainty.
In Kenya, the context with which I am most familiar, urban workers remain committed to agrarian lands for both sacred and emotional reasons. But these enduring ties to the land also provide an important a material strategy. Where retirement accounts are rare and urban livelihoods volatile, owning a small farm—or contributing to the upkeep of a family plot—is economically sensible. A piece of land—mostly vegetables, perhaps some crops to market—offers a safety net that the state does not provide. As Lyn Ossome put it, "land forms the primary basis for social reproduction… [so even] as agriculture's contribution to the GDP of most African countries has steadily declined, the relevance of land and landed resources, especially access to the commons, has continued to rise." Owning land provides an escape from the commodified world of the city, rental housing, and privatized utilities. It does not depend on a redistributive system of taxes and welfare, rather it provides a productive asset that offers future security.
We must move beyond the idea that economic justice can be achieved through redistribution, and instead move toward a conception of the economy that gives working people productive power.
While we obviously shouldn't expect a mass turn to farming among the office workers of Euro-America—and taking into account that demographic, ecological, and economic transformations strain the model around the world—we should consider what alternative types of property and assets might be created or redistributed. Projects that boost popular property ownership carry a bad reputation owing to their role in unmaking mid-century social democracy. Margaret Thatcher's "popular capitalism," for instance, undermined councils and public provisioning in the 1980s. More generally, the turn to wider shareholding obliges people to become entrepreneurs, yoked to financial shocks and subject to the market power and manipulations of large financiers.
But other forms of popular control over the economy exist: employee stock ownership schemes, worker cooperatives, and commons-based production. Popular control over assets, enterprises, and services can reverse the expropriation of the future. Whether through worker control, municipal socialism, or nationalization, democratic management should be extended beyond housing, healthcare, and education. Worker control and democratic direction of capital allocation, economic coordination, and production decisions will broaden the bases for planning. If done at a variety of scales—from the domestic to the firm, city, and state—far more people will be able to reliably navigate what comes their way, rather than remaining confined by urgent needs. Some of this should aim to account for historical racial oppression, such as proposals to provide specialized trusts to allocate necessary capital to repair and build lives and neighborhoods. Other approaches should be more generalized, such as proposals around the Green New Deal to bring energy utilities within collective authority so that their investments reflect public purpose rather than private gain. Under Jeremy Corbyn UK Labour explored similar models of alternative ownership, drawing on evidence of their productivity, stability, and decency for workers. This exemplified how public policy should encourage the extension of popular management, through providing funds for worker cooperative buyouts, shielding employee owned firms from private takeover, and reforming government procurement. Nascent proposals for ownership funds, such as those from Common Wealth in the UK, offer avenues for collective access to and control over wealth.
It will also be crucial to remake the credit system. The turn to "privatized Keynesianism," which requires working people to smooth fluctuations in aggregate demand through private borrowing, has given debt a bad name. For-profit lending—including under the guise of "financial inclusion" and "microcredit"—inhibits people's ability to securely plan for the future, as they are driven from one source of debt to another. Debt cancellation is a proper starting point to counter this. But as with productive assets, the credit system should be remade in the service of popular well-being.
For one, government lending programs should be remade to direct credit to people at a cost and duration that provides escape from the short-term extraction of wealth currently characteristic of contemporary housing, education, and other markets. Ending the dynamics of racial capitalism should be an explicit goal of left social movements and politics today. Mehrsa Baradaran and others emphasize that this can be done by allowing everyone access to safe and subsidized payment systems from the Federal Reserve, by using the Postal Service for free savings and checking accounts, and through the operation of public banks. State, regional, and national banks should make decisions about investment and lending in line with direct and representative democratic input, supported (like Wall Street currently is) by the sovereign money of the Federal Reserve, and tasked with supporting a Green New Deal and worker cooperatives. This would allow for projects chosen for their utility rather than profitability, while also providing stable employment, living wages, and access to assets.
This is something the Manchester silk weaver would have recognized: the need to mitigate urgent temporalities of labor through assets that can be stored and credit systems that allow working people to plan their futures.
Kevin P. Donovan is a Lecturer in the Centre of African Studies at the University of Edinburgh. He is currently writing a book on money, smuggling, and decolonization in East Africa, alongside another with Emma Park on the cultural politics of digital capitalism in Kenya.
Rethinking Political Economy
Rethinking Political Economy begins with a world in crisis—after forty years of market fundamentalism—and asks how we build a new one. We debate new ways to think about protecting the planet, the relationship of equality and democracy, the need for racially inclusive prosperity, the promise of industrial policy, the dangers of concentrated economic power, and a revival of investment in public goods.
Political Economy After Neoliberalism
Steven Vogel Neil Fligstein
Time Is the Universal Measure of Freedom
Twenty Years Later, Guantánamo Is Everywhere
The lawless—and ongoing—administration of the prison by four American presidents underwrites the broader democratic crisis we face today.
Baher Azmy
The Fight for Reparations Cannot Ignore Climate Change
Racial redress should be modeled on the global anticolonial tradition of worldbuilding.
Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò
America as a Tactical Gun Culture
The militarization of gun culture among both civilians and police reflects an increasingly energetic defense of white rule in the United States. This has been facilitated in part by an NRA-led reinterpretation of what the Second Amendment meant by "militia".
Chad Kautzer


text:
El Olivol Football Club fue un equipo uruguayo de fútbol de la ciudad de Montevideo. Tuvo participación activa en las divisionales de ascenso desde su fundación hasta el año 1952, en el que abandonó los campeonatos organizados por la Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol. Actualmente, tras su fusión con el club Mundial, compite como equipo de baloncesto en los torneos organizados por la Federación Uruguaya de Basketball bajo el nombre de Olivol Mundial.

Historia

Fundado el 11 de septiembre de 1931 en el barrio montevideano de Reducto, el club Olivol comenzó su actividad deportiva disputando torneos barriales, como la Liga Reducto, de la que se consagraría campeón en 1936 y 1937.

Tras afiliarse a la Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol (AUF) obtendría el torneo de la Divisional Extra en 1941 y la Intermedia en 1944. A partir de entonces compite en Primera "B" hasta su descenso a Intermedia en 1947. En 1952 abandona la actividad oficial, desafiliándose definitivamente de la AUF, aunque el club siguió funcionando.

El 26 de junio de 1963 se fusionó con la Institución Deportiva Mundial, fundada el 12 de octubre de 1938, dando origen al actual club de baloncesto Institución Deportiva y Social Olivol Mundial.

Uniforme

 Uniforme titular: Camiseta amarilla y negra a mitades verticales.

Palmarés

Torneos nacionales

Divisional Intermedia (1): 1944.
Divisional Extra (1): 1941.

Referencias

Fuentes
Olivol y Mundial, un solo club
RSSSF - Uruguay - List of Champions Third Division (Primera C/Intermedia/Liga Amateur Metropolitana)
Uruguay - Campeonatos de Intermedia y Tercera División

Enlaces externos

Olivol Mundial - Sitio no oficial
Club Olivol Mundial - Urubasket.com
Pelota, barrio y carnaval - ladiaria.com.uy

Equipos de fútbol desaparecidos de Uruguay
Equipos de fútbol fundados en 1931
Deporte en Montevideo
Equipos de fútbol que se han fusionado y fusiones
Reducto (Montevideo)


As the need for manufacturers continues, the Mahoning Valley Manufacturers Coalition is hoping that partnerships with local technical schools will help.
The Mahoning Valley Manufacturers Coalition (MVMC) announced the launch of a new partnership to promote local training programs for skills such as welding, machining and industrial maintenance with four schools around the area.
According theo the MVMC, the demand for manufacturing skills reflects the national trend, with about 3.5 million job openings expected over the next 10 years due to growth and pending retirements of Baby Boomers.
A release says that skilled workers are needed to fill those positions.
According to officials, the average annual earnings for manufacturing employees in the Mahoning Valley are more than $68,000.


Thanks for sharing @Tewy. Maddison looks happy with your handiwork!
Let me also extend a very warm welcome to Workshop. Please take a few minutes to introduce yourself to the community. We look forward to you sharing more of your projects.


MANHATTAN BEACH, Calif. – (October 3, 2017) As the Major League Baseball (MLB) playoffs begin today, New York Yankees relief pitcher David Robertson will be aiming to strike out more than just batters. With a new PSA supporting the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN), Robertson hopes to help end pancreatic cancer. Robertson's passion is driven by the memory of his father-in-law, Rick Cronin, who died from the disease in 2016.
In the video, Robertson urges friends and fans to get involved with PanCAN to provide hope and improve outcomes for all pancreatic cancer patients.
Pancreatic cancer is the world's toughest cancer with a five-year survival rate of just 9 percent. The disease kills more people than breast cancer in the United States, and more than 53,000 Americans will be diagnosed with the disease this year. That's more than 145 mothers, daughters, fathers, sons, sisters, brothers, colleagues or friends who hear the dreaded news every single day.
Robertson and wife Erin first became involved with PanCAN as volunteers in 2009, neither having a connection to the disease. But six years later, Cronin was diagnosed and the Robertsons felt the effects of pancreatic cancer firsthand. Together the couple worked with increased determination to support patients fighting the disease and have continued to advocate for more awareness.
Join the Robertsons and support the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network's urgent goal to double survival by 2020. Follow updates from PanCAN on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.