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Le Sous-officier Prichibéïev est une nouvelle d'Anton Tchekhov, publiée en 1885.

Historique
Le Sous-officier Prichibéïev, dont le titre initial est Le Surveillant surnuméraire, a été arrêtée deux fois par la censure. La nouvelle est initialement publiée en 1885 dans la revue russe Le Journal de Pétersbourg, . Aussi traduit en français sous le titre Le Chicaneur.

Résumé
Le sous-officier Prichibéïev passe en jugement pour avoir injurié et s'être battu avec un gendarme, un garde et un syndic. Le juge l'interroge sur les circonstances de l'incident : ayant vu un attroupement au bord du canal, Prichibéïev a ordonné à tout le monde de se disperser, puis a reproché au gendarme Jiguine de ne pas avoir envoyé une estafette au juge d'instruction, cela pouvant être un crime. Cela a dégénéré quand le gendarme lui a répondu, il l'a frappé : .

C'est au tour des témoins. Ils racontent comment Prichibéïev, qui est retiré de l'armée depuis quinze ans, martyrise le village : il empêche les attroupements, surveille les femmes mariées, interdit de chanter et la lumière dans les maisons. Le juge le condamne à un mois de prison. Prichibéïev ne comprend pas pourquoi il est condamné. À la sortie du tribunal, sa nature reprenant le dessus, il ordonne à des paysans de se disperser.

Notes et références

Édition française
 Le Sous-officier Prichibéïev, traduit par Édouard Parayre, in Œuvres I, Paris, Éditions Gallimard,  , 1968 .

Nouvelle d'Anton Tchekhov
Nouvelle russe parue en 1885
Nouvelle publiée dans Le Journal de Pétersbourg

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The First Annual Meeting of COST Action CA17111 "INTEGRAPE 2019 - Data Integration as a key step for future grapevine research"
Registration fee is €50 (MC Full Members exempt) which covers entrance to sessions, conference material, welcome reception and coffee breaks. Lunches and Social Dinner are to be paid for separately (15 and 30 euro respectively).
The Social Dinner will take place at the Mediterranee Restaurant of the Conference Center of MAICH with life Greek music and traditional Cretan cuisine on Wednesday the 27th at 20:00 pm.
Investigating grapevine x environment interactions: data integration is the corner stone!
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text:
Q: Chaining MSI in C# and then launching a chained install This question is related to: Creating a custom bootstrap / bootloader in C#
I would like to make a chainer in C#. This chainer will chain different MSI and perform a transacted installation.
I've looked into the TransactedInstaller class but I don't think its appropriate.
What is the best way to accomplish this?

A: Strictly speaking:
Bootstrapper:
A program that makes sure Windows Installer is installed.  Originally intended to then call 1 MSI.   But now the bootstrapper can call....
Chainer:
A program that handles the sequencing of various installers ( MSI or legacy )
MSI:
A database that describes the installation requirements of a product.  Recent versions of MSI can chain other MSI's ( but not legacy packages )  but generally still require the use of a bootstrapper to make sure you have the most recent version of MSI.
Bootstrapper and Chainer are used somewhat interchangably.   Some bootstrappers do all execution prior to invoking the MSI and some are more integrated with the MSI providing a robust UI and/or executing packages only if the MSI requires it for your situation.

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text:
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}

The increasing power consumption due to data storage and the growing amount of information that has to be stored or buffered enforce the development of new and more effectively working memory devices \cite{jones2018,Puebla_2020}. Beside, phase change based devices, skyrmion racetracks and other promising techniques \cite{Ceze_2019,Lin_2020,Wuttig_2007,Tomasello_2014,Puebla_2020,Tizno_2019,Ghosh_2016,Gu_2014}, multiferroic systems are promising for designing future storage techniques \cite{Scott2007a,Spaldin2019}.

In multiferroics at least two ferroic ordering parameters occur in the same phase and are coupled to each other \cite{Khomskii2009}. Both ordering parameters can be controlled by both conjugate fields. The magnetoelectric case with ferroelectric and magnetic ordering is most prominent, as it allows for a multiferroic memory, which combines the advantages of ferroelectric (FeRAMs) and magnetic random access memories (MRAMs) \cite{Scott2007a,Spaldin2019,Fiebig2016}. In so-called type-II multiferroics the ferroelectric polarization is not only coexisting with magnetic ordering but it is also induced by the onset of it, which hence implies strong coupling between both ferroic ordering parameters \cite{Khomskii2009}. In many systems the driving mechanism for this effect is the inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction  (DMI), for which a spin canting of neighboring spins $\vec{S_i}$ and $\vec{S_j}$ induces a ferroelectric polarization, whose direction is defined by $\vec{P}\propto\vec{e_{ij}}\times\left(\vec{S_i}\times\vec{S_i}\right)$ with $\vec{e_{ij}}$ being the connecting vector of neighboring spins \cite{Dzyaloshinsky1958,Moriya1956,Mostovoy2006}.

The understanding of the read and write performance under different conditions is indispensable for the development of new memory devices. The control and the dynamics of multiferroic domain inversion were studied intensively for TbMnO$_3$  and MnWO$_4$  using neutron scattering techniques, second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements and dielectric spectroscopy \cite{Stein2017,Baum2014,Hoffmann2011a,stein2020,Niermann_2014}. The relaxation behavior in both systems differs significantly as a function of temperature and electric-field amplitude \cite{Baum2014,Hoffmann2011a,stein2020}. In MnWO$_4$  domain inversion speeds up, when cooling towards the lower commensurate magnetic phase \cite{Baum2014,Hoffmann2011a}, which is attributed to depinning of multiferroic domains by anharmonic modulations \cite{Finger2010,biesenkamp2020}.
In TbMnO$_3$  the domain inversion can be well described by a remarkably simple law combining an Arrhenius-like activated temperature dependence with a
field dependence following the Merz law established for ferroelectrics \cite{stein2020}.
In contrast to MnWO$_4$, the incommensurate long-range order in multiferroic TbMnO$_3$  does not transform into a commensurate arrangement \cite{Kajimoto2004,Kimura2005} but
is only altered through the additional order of Tb$^{3+}$ moments \cite{Prokhnenko_2007}.
Apparently, competing incommensurate and commensurate ordering significantly influence the relaxation behavior of multiferroic domain inversion and thus complicate its description \cite{biesenkamp2020}. Therefore, multiferroic materials with simple phase diagrams are desirable for further investigations of multiferroic domain dynamics.

The broad class of pyroxenes with chemical formula $A\text{\textit{Me}}X_2$O$_6$ with $A$ = Li, Na, Sr or Ca, $X$ = Si or Ge and \textit{Me} a magnetic transition metal exhibit several interesting
magnetic ordering phenomena, with controllable ferrotoroidicity in LiFeSi$_2$O$_6$ \cite{Jodlauk2007,Baum2013} and multiferroic phases in NaFeSi$_2$O$_6$ \cite{Jodlauk2007}, in
NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  \cite{Kim_2012} and in  SrMnGe$_2$O$_6$ \cite{Ding2016} being the most prominent ones. In spite of the similar monoclinic crystal structure with magnetic zigzag chains running along the $c$ direction, see Fig. 1, the multiferroic mechanism is different in these three pyroxenes. In NaFeSi$_2$O$_6$ two successive transitions involving the same
irreducible representation result in a helical structure with the propagation vector along the monoclinic axis \cite{Baum2015}. In this material multiferroic order does not
result from the spin-current or inverse Dzyaloshinski-Moriya mechanism \cite{Dzyaloshinsky1958,Moriya1956,Katsura2005,Mostovoy2006} but from the combination of the chiral order and the monoclinic distortion. In contrast, multiferroic order in SrMnGe$_2$O$_6$ \cite{Ding2016} and in NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  \cite{Ding_2018} seems to follow the most common inverse Dzyaloshinski-Moriya mechanism \cite{Dzyaloshinsky1958,Moriya1956,Katsura2005,Mostovoy2006} but with
differently oriented cycloidal and ferroelectric order.

NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  exhibits a simple phase diagram with the typical sequence of two incommensurate ordered phases and with just one magnetic site  \cite{Kim_2012,Drokina_2011,Redhammer_2011,Ackermann_2015,Ding_2018}. The system crystallizes in the monoclinic spacegroup $C2/c$ with $a=\SI{10.0073(8)}{\angstrom}$, $b=\SI{8.9382(7)}{\angstrom}$, $c=\SI{5.5184(4)}{\angstrom}$ and $\beta=\SI{107.524(1)}{\degree}$ \cite{solovyova1967x,Redhammer_2011}. Edge sharing FeO$_6$ octahedra form zigzag chains along the $c$ direction and in $b$ direction, these chains are separated by corner sharing GeO$_4$ tetrahedra that are also stacked along $c$ (see Fig. \ref{fig:structure}).
Below $T\approx\SI{35}{\kelvin}$, short-range ordering was observed and two different magnetic phases with incommensurate long-range order were reported for NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  with transition temperatures at $T_\text{N}\approx\SI{13}{\kelvin}$ and $T_\text{MF}\approx\SI{11.6}{\kelvin}$ \cite{Drokina_2011,Redhammer_2011,Ackermann_2015,Ding_2018}. First at $T_\text{N}$ an incommensurate spin-density wave (SDW) evolves with moments pointing roughly along $a$-direction \cite{Ding_2018} and below $T_\text{MF}$, spins form a chiral spin structure with moments lying within the $ac$ plane \cite{Drokina_2011,Redhammer_2011}. A small $b$ component of the chiral structure was controversially  discussed \cite{Drokina_2011,Redhammer_2011}, and in \cite{Redhammer_2011} only a single transition is observed. Simultaneous to the onset of the chiral spin arrangement, a ferroelectric polarization ($\vec{P}\approx\SI{32}{\micro\coulomb\per\meter\squared}$) develops \cite{Ackermann_2015,Kim_2012}. The ferroelectric polarization is confined to the $ac$-plane as the given symmetry forbids a non-zero component of the polarization along $b$ \cite{Ding_2018}, see section III, but symmetry allows for a finite $b$-component of the chiral spin structure.

\begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{structure_NaFeGe2O6_v2.png}
  \caption{\label{fig:structure}The nuclear structure (with data from Ref. \onlinecite{Redhammer_2011}) is shown in panel a) by utilizing the crystallographic visualization software \textsc{VESTA3} \cite{Momma2011}. Both panels b) and c) sketch the magnetic structure of the intermediate SDW phase and of the low temperature spin-spiral phase, respectively.}
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}

The simplicity of the phase diagram makes NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  an ideal candidate to investigate multiferroic domain dynamics. In the following sections we will first discuss the presence of the magnetic $b$ component utilizing neutron polarization analysis. Subsequently we will report on our investigations of multiferroic domain inversion in NaFeGe$_2$O$_6${.} Finally we will discuss the measured spin-wave velocity, which is proposed to limit the inversion speed of multiferroic domains.

 \section{\label{sec:experimental_methods}Experimental Methods}
A detailed description of the NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  single crystal growth by the top seeding technique can be found in Ref. \onlinecite{Ackermann_2015}. For our measurements two single crystals (SI and SII)  were prepared and had been characterized by susceptibility measurements utilizing a commercial superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. For both samples the transition temperatures are slightly reduced to $T_\text{N}\approx\SI{12.5}{\kelvin}$ and $T_\text{MF}\approx\SI{11.1}{\kelvin}$ with respect to literature \cite{Ackermann_2015}. In order to apply electric fields to the system, both samples were mounted between aluminium plates, which can be connected to a high voltage setup. As the ferroelectric polarization is largest along the $a$ direction \cite{Ackermann_2015}, the plate normal was oriented parallel to it. The sample surface was thinly coated with silver paste for optimized electric contact and the aluminum plates were tightened together by insulating polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) screws (see Ref. \onlinecite{stein2020}). The plates that are cramping the respective sample were connected to sample holders defining the scattering geometry (1 0 0)/(0 0 1) for sample SI and (1 0 0)/(0 1 0) for sample SII.

Neutron polarization analysis senses the different components of the magnetic structure and the sign of the vector chirality. The respective experiments were performed at the cold three-axes spectrometer IN12 (located at the Institut Laue-Langevin) and at the cold three-axes spectrometer 4F1 (located at the Laboratoire L\'eon Brillouin).

At IN12, a horizontally and vertically focussing pyrolytic graphite (002) monochromator supplied $\lambda=\SI{3}{\angstrom}$ and a supermirror cavity provided a highly polarized neutron beam (flipping ratio of about FR$\approx$24). Higher order contaminations were suppressed by a velocity selector. The IN12 spectrometer was also equipped with a Helmholtz-coil setup in order to define the guide-field direction at the sample position, and spin-flippers before and after the sample position enabled longitudinal polarization analysis. A curved Heusler (111) analyzer selected the final beam polarization.
A conventional high-voltage generator (\textsc{Fug HCP 14-3500}) was deployed for measurements with quasistatic electric fields ($|U|\leq\SI{3.5}{\kilo\volt}$)
but a stroboscopic high-voltage setup was used for the time-resolved investigation of the multiferroic domain relaxation. This setup contains two high-voltage modules (\textsc{Iseg BPP4W} and \textsc{Iseg} BPN4W) providing high voltage ($|U|\leq\SI{4}{\kilo\volt}$) with opposite polarity and a fast \textsc{MOSFET} array (\textsc{Behlke HTS-111}), which is capable to switch the high voltage output polarity with $\SI{50}{\micro\second}$ \cite{stein2020}.  A multichannel data collector (\textsc{Mesytec MCPD-8}) records all detector events as well as a synchronization signal, when the polarity of the applied electric-field is switched. All events are recorded together with a timestamp, which allows to periodically switch the field, while summing the detected neutrons in time bins with respect to the moment when the field is reversed.
This stroboscopic method thus enables one to investigate very fast relaxation processes, because the width of each time bin can be arbitrarily selected, while repeating the switching periodically yields the required statistics.
The time resolution is limited by the finite spreads of neutron velocities and path lengths.
Ref. \onlinecite{stein2020} gives a detailed description of this setup and of the stroboscopic technique.

For long relaxation times above several minutes, the counting statistics obtained during a single switching period is sufficient and does not require the stroboscopic setup. The respective measurements of long relaxation times were performed at the cold three-axes spectrometer 4F1. A double pyrolytic graphite monochromator set-up supplied $\lambda=\SI{4.2}{\angstrom}$ and a supermirror bender polarized the neutron beam (flipping ratio of about $\text{FR}\approx50$). For polarization analysis a MuPad system \cite{Janoschek2007} and a horizontally curved Heusler analyzer were installed.
In order to measure the spin-wave velocity, a polarized beam is not required and the respective experiment was conducted at the 4F2 spectrometer. The double pyrolytic-graphite monochromator provided an unpolarized neutron beam with $\lambda=\SI{4.05}{\angstrom}$ and the pyrolytic-graphite analyzer enables inelastic measurements, for which a cooled Be filter was additionally inserted.

 \section{\label{sec:magnetic_strcuture}Magnetic structure}

The magnetic structure of NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  was not fully characterized, as a $b$ component of the chiral spin structure was controversially discussed \cite{Drokina_2011,Redhammer_2011} and as the determination of the intermediate structure is based on neutron powder diffraction experiments \cite{Drokina_2011,Ding_2018}. Neutron polarization analysis on single crystals permits a precise separation of magnetic components and unambiguous identification of chiral signatures.

The symmetry conditions of incommensurate magnetic order with a propagation vector $\vec{k}=(k_h\:0\:k_l)$
have been discussed for NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  in reference \cite{Ding_2018}; they are furthermore identical to
those in multiferroic LiFe(WO$_4$)$_2$ \cite{Liu2017,Biesenkamp2021}. In space group $C2/c$ only one symmetry element has to be considered, the glide mirror plane $c$, which transforms $(m_x,m_y,m_z)$ into $(-m_x,m_y,-m_z)$. Therefore, it is obvious that magnetic $x,z$ and $y$ components are separated.
The character concerning this $c$ element is plus or minus 1 up to the phase correction.
The inverse of this phase enters the basis vector components for the second site.
In the magnetic superspace group formalism all magnetic moments are developed in cosine and sine series starting from the atoms in the
primitive unit cell. Here we have two magnetic ions in the unit cell and the coefficients of these two are not independent but
determined through the condition that the moment at $-{\bf r}$ and $-x_4$ (the argument of the modulation functions) is identical
to the moment at  ${\bf r}$ and $x_4$, which is just the inversion symmetry \cite{Perez-Mato2012}.
Therefore, only one set of cosine and sine functions is required in the harmonic description.
For one-dimensional irreducible representations, as it is the case here, there is a one-to-one correspondence
between irreducible representation and magnetic superspace group formalisms, but the representation analysis leaves the phases undefined, while magnetic superspace group analysis
fixes these phases leaving only three free parameters for each of the magnetic modes \cite{Perez-Mato2012}.
The symmetry of the two different incommensurate magnetic modes is given in Table I.

The magnetic superspace group analysis explains that a multiferroic cycloid cannot be obtained with a single
symmetry mode, as the inversion symmetry is not broken \cite{Perez-Mato2012}. One may also argue that in each of the two modes the $x$ and $z$ components are modulated in
phase, while  $x,z$ and $y$ components have a different character between the two sites so that any spin-current contributions
cancel out, as it is also the case in the intermediate phase in MnWO$_4$ \cite{Urcelay-Olabarria2013}.
In order to generate cycloidal order one needs to couple two magnetic modes with a phase shift of $(\frac{\pi}{2}+n\pi)$ by either combining the two
different magnetic modes or by combining twice the same mode with the phase shift. In the former case the glide-mirror symmetry is lost and
ferroelectric order appears along the $b$ direction as in LiFe(WO$_4$)$_2$ \cite{Liu2017,Biesenkamp2021}, while in the latter case the mirror plane
persists and enforces ferroelectric polarization in the $a,c$ plane \cite{Ding_2018}. This is the situation in the multiferroic phase of
NaFeGe$_2$O$_6${.}

\begin{table*}
\caption{\label{tab:character_table}  Symmetry conditions for the two incommensurate magnetic modes that can appear for a propagation vector $\vec{k}=(k_h\:0\:k_l)$
in space group $C2/c$ with a single magnetic ion at (0,0.904,0.25). The conditions are defined by the irreducible representation $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ and the corresponding basis vectors for the two Fe sites are given  with  $a = e^{i2\pi{\bf \delta r}{\bf q_{inc}}}$. Here ${\bf \delta r}={\bf r}_2-{\bf r}_1$ and $a^*=1/a$ is the complex conjugate of $a$. Representation analysis and superspace group formalism
are equivalent in the case of NaFeGe$_2$O$_6${,} but the superspace group formalism fixes the phases between modulations so that for each of the
two modes the magnetic structure is described by only three parameters corresponding to either cosine or sine modulations. The resulting superspace groups
for a single mode are given in the last column.
}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{c|cc|cc|ccc}

$\Gamma$  &  1 & $c$ & ($x$,$y$,$z$) &($x$,$\bar{y}$,$z+1/2$) & coefficients         & character    & superspace group  \\ \hline
$\Gamma_1$&1 & $-a$  & ($u$,$v$,$w$) &$a^*$($u$,$-v$,$w$)     & $\text{Re}(u) \text{Im}(v) \text{Re}(w)$  & cos/sin/cos  &     $C2/c1'(\alpha 0 \gamma)0ss$          \\
$\Gamma_2$&1 & $a$   & ($u$,$v$,$w$) &$a^*$($-u$,$v$,$-w$)    & $\text{Im}(u) \text{Re}(v) \text{Im}(w)$  & sin/cos/sin  &  $C2/c1'(\alpha 0 \gamma)00s$        \\

\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table*}

For neutron polarization analysis it is convenient to define a right-handed coordinate system, where  the $x$ direction is set parallel to the scattering vector $\vec{Q}$, $y$ is perpendicular to $x$ but confined to the scattering plane and $z$ is perpendicular to both, $x$ and $y$. Magnetic scattering will only arise from magnetic components perpendicular to the scattering vector and spin-flip (SF) processes necessitate a component of the magnetization perpendicular to the direction of the incoming beam polarization. In contrast, non-spin-flip (NSF) processes only sense components that are aligned parallel or antiparallel to the incoming neutron beam polarization.
\begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Paper_k_vector.pdf}
  \caption{\label{fig:k_vector}Panels a) and b) display the temperature dependent components $k_h$ and $k_l$ of the propagation vector $\vec{k}=(k_h\:\:0\:\:k_l)$, respectively. The blue and red data correspond to cooling and heating sequences, respectively. In c) and d) the peak intensity of reflection $\vec{Q}=(0.678\:\:0\:\:\text{-}1.075)$ is plotted for all SF channels as function of temperature. All intensities were corrected for the finite flipping ratio and all measurements were performed on sample SI.}
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}
During the first part of the allocated beamtime at IN12, sample SI with scattering geometry (1 0 0)/(0 0 1) was mounted. Both components of the incommensurate propagation vector $\vec{k}=(k_h\:\:0\:\:k_l)$ could be traced as a function of temperature. For the respective measurements, $Q_h$ and $Q_l$ scans were executed across the magnetic reflection $\vec{Q}=(0.678\:\:0\:\:\text{-}1.075)$ and each $Q$ scan was fitted by a Gaussian function. The observed peak center values were considered for defining the scan  of the following step in temperature.  Fig. \ref{fig:k_vector} a) and b) display the obtained temperature dependent values for $k_h$ and $k_l$, and it can be seen that both components vary with temperature but lock in a constant value at $T\approx\SI{5}{\kelvin}$. The results qualitatively agree with the reported temperature dependence of the incommensurate propagation vector in Ref. \onlinecite{Redhammer_2011}.

The used scattering geometry entails, that the SF channels are described by  $I_{\bar{y}y}\propto M_{b}M_{b}^*$ and $I_{\bar{z}z}\propto M_{ac}M_{ac}^*\text{sin}^2(\alpha)$ with $M_{b}$ and $M_{ac}$ being the complex Fourier components of the magnetization along $b$ direction and within the $ac$ plane, respectively, and $\text{sin}^2(\alpha)$ being the geometry factor. $a$ and $a^*$ are not parallel in the monoclinic system, but in the used scattering geometry both are lying within the scattering plane. The same holds for $c$ and $c^*$. Due to the incommensurability of the magnetic structure, no nuclear signal contributes to the measured intensity. The SF channels $I_{\bar{x}x}$ and $I_{x\bar{x}}$ are described by $\vec{M_\perp}\vec{M_\perp^*}\pm i(\vec{M_\perp}\times\vec{M_\perp^*})_x$ but as the scattering vector lies within the basal plane of the chiral spin structure the chiral term vanishes. The intensity of all three SF-channels are plotted in Fig. \ref{fig:k_vector} c) and d). It can be clearly seen in c) that $I_{\bar{y}y}$ exhibits finite intensity only below $T\approx\SI{5}{\kelvin}$ thus indicating the development of a finite $b$ component of the magnetic structure within the multiferroic phase of NaFeGe$_2$O$_6${,} but exclusively at low temperature. The onset of this component coincides with the lock-in temperature of the incommensurate propagation vector. Fig. \ref{fig:k_vector} d) shows that below the first transition at $T_\text{N}$, the total magnetic scattering signal $I_{\bar{x}x}$ initially features the same amplitude as $I_{\bar{z}z}$, which senses the magnetic moments within the $ac$ plane. This confirms that the magnetic structure is first confined to the $ac$ plane until below $T\approx\SI{5}{\kelvin}$ the discrepancy between $I_{\bar{z}z}$ and $I_{\bar{x}x}$ also indicates the evolving $b$ component of the magnetic structure.

\begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Paper_SF_channels.pdf}
  \caption{\label{fig:SII_SF_channels}Polarized neutron scattering in (1 0 0)/(0 1 0) geometry. The temperature dependence of SF channels measured at $\vec{Q}=(0.32\:\:3\:\:0.08)$ is shown in a) and b). The $Q$-space position was adjusted with the determined temperature dependent values of the incommensurate propagation vector (see Fig. \ref{fig:k_vector}a) and b)).  In both panels c) and d) the chiral ratio is plotted as a function of temperature and for different applied electric field amplitudes.}
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}

Sample SII was mounted with scattering geometry (1 0 0)/(0 1 0). In this configuration the SF-channels $I_{\bar{y}y}$ and $I_{\bar{z}z}$ sense the magnetization along $c$ direction and within the $a^*,b$ plane, respectively. The magnetic reflection $\vec{Q}=(0.32\:\:3\:\:0.08)$ is not directly accessible within the given scattering plane but the finite $l$ value can be reached by tilting the goniometer by $\approx\SI{3}{\degree}$, which does not have significant impact on the analysis of respective SF and NSF channels. The temperature dependence of both SF channels is plotted in Fig. \ref{fig:SII_SF_channels} a) and it is visible that the $c$ component of the magnetic structure mainly develops below the second transition $T_\text{MF}$ but nevertheless finite intensity and thus a non-zero component along $c$ is also present in the intermediate phase. The chiral spin structure in the multiferroic phase thus exhibits moments in the $ac$ plane with an additional $b$ component, which develops below $T\approx\SI{5}{\kelvin}$. In the intermediate phase between $T_\text{N}=\SI{12.5}{\kelvin}$ and $T_\text{MF}=\SI{11.1}{\kelvin}$ the SF channel $I_{\bar{z}z}$ possesses extensive intensity compared to $I_{\bar{y}y}$ and as the angle between $\vec{Q}$ and $b$ amounts approximately $\SI{6.9}{\degree}$, the SF channel $I_{\bar{z}z}$ essentially senses the component parallel to $a^*$. With results from both scattering geometries it can be concluded that the SDW structure exhibits moments $\vec{m}$ that are lying essentially in the $a,c$ plane with $\measuredangle(\vec{m},\vec{a^*})\approx\SI{7}{\degree}$.

 \begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Paper_Hysterese.pdf}
  \caption{\label{fig:hysteresis}All recorded hysteresis loops of the chiral ratio shown in panels a)-d) were obtained by driving the applied external electric field slowly (with a period duration of about $\SI{45}{\minute}$) between the two polarities. Both slopes of each hysteresis loop were fitted by a hyperbolic tangent in order to estimate the values of respective coercive fields, which are plotted in e). }
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}
The scattering vector in the scattering configuration of sample SII is almost perpendicular to the basal plane of the chiral structure. Therefore, the chiral term $\pm i(\vec{M_\perp}\times\vec{M_\perp^*})_x$ is finite and contributes to both SF channels $I_{x\bar{x}}$ and $I_{\bar{x}x}$ with a different sign. Hence, the sum and the difference of $I_{x\bar{x}}$ and $I_{\bar{x}x}$ are given by $2\vec{M_\perp}\vec{M_\perp^*}$ and by the absolute value of $-2i(\vec{M_\perp}\times\vec{M_\perp^*})_x$, respectively. Both, the sum and the difference of $I_{x\bar{x}}$ and $I_{\bar{x}x}$ are plotted in Fig. \ref{fig:SII_SF_channels} b) as a function of temperature and it can be seen that the chiral signal develops only below $T_\text{MF}$ within the multiferroic phase. The chiral ratio is defined as $r_\chi=\left(I_{x\bar{x}}-I_{\bar{x}x}\right)/\left(I_{x\bar{x}}+I_{\bar{x}x}\right)$ and for a mono domain sample it corresponds to $\pm i\left(\vec{M_\perp}\times \vec{M_\perp^*}\right)_x/|\vec{M_\perp}|^2$, the ratio of the chiral part with respect to the overall magnetic scattering contribution. The chiral ratio amounts to $\pm1$ only for a completely poled multiferroic state with ideal geometry. However, as the scattering vector $\vec{Q}$ is not perfectly oriented perpendicular to the rotation plane of spins, and due to ellipticity the chiral ratio remains below one. In Fig. \ref{fig:SII_SF_channels} c) the chiral ratio is plotted and it can be seen that even in the absence of an applied electric field, the chiral ratio possesses a finite value within the multiferroic phase and thus indicates an unbalanced domain distribution of multiferroic domains \cite{Finger2010,Biesenkamp2021}. The quasistatic control of the chiral handedness and the multiferroic domain population by external electric fields is discussed in the following section.

 \section{\label{sec:quasistatic_control}Quasistatic control of multiferroic domains}

A static electric field with $|E|=\SI{1.8}{\kilo\volt\per\milli\metre}$ was applied, while cooling the sample. The chiral ratio was measured simultaneously and its temperature dependence is shown in Fig. \ref{fig:SII_SF_channels} d) for both field polarities. It can be seen that the chiral ratio reaches the maximum values of $\approx\pm1$ almost immediately below $T_\text{MF}$,  which indicates a completely poled multiferroic domain distribution and a circular cycloid.
This result illustrates the power of polarized neutron diffraction to solve chiral structures, as only the combination of twice the same magnetic mode can cause a chiral signal in this configuration.
The chiral phase in NaFeG$_2$O$_6$ thus must arise from a single irreducible representation similar to NaFeSi$_2$O$_6$ \cite{Baum2015} but the orientation of the propagation vector differs.
An opposite field polarity entails a reversed chiral ratio and an equivalent temperature dependence documenting the controllability of multiferroic domains with applied electric fields in NaFeGe$_2$O$_6${.} The behavior does not significantly change when lowering the field amplitude to $|E|=\SI{1.2}{\kilo\volt\per\milli\metre}$ and $|E|=\SI{0.6}{\kilo\volt\per\milli\metre}$. In order to quantify the respective values and the temperature dependence of the electric-field amplitude that is needed to reverse the chirality, quasistatic hysteresis loops have been recorded.

Fig. \ref{fig:hysteresis} displays hysteresis loops of the chiral ratio for different temperatures.
The electric field was driven quasistatically between the two polarities corresponding to a period of about 45 minutes for the entire hysteresis loops.
The sign of the vector chirality is invertible down to the lowest temperature at $T=\SI{1.55}{\kelvin}$. While approaching the transition to the intermediate phase, the saturation value of the chiral ratio shrinks slightly and abruptly vanishes, when heating above the multiferroic transition. This was also observed by the cooling sequences with applied static fields (see Fig. \ref{fig:SII_SF_channels} d)). The coercive fields that are needed to invert the sign of the chiral ratio in positive or negative direction were determined by fitting both slopes of the hysteresis loops with a hyperbolic tangent. The obtained coercive fields are plotted in Fig. \ref{fig:hysteresis} e) as a function of temperature. The coercive fields exhibit a symmetric temperature dependence with the smallest values close to the multiferroic transition.

\section{\label{sec:domain_relaxation}Multiferroic domain relaxation}

\begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Paper_stroboscopic_switching_curves.pdf}
  \caption{\label{fig:fast_relaxation}All displayed switching curves in a)-d) were recorded by utilizing the stroboscopic method at IN12 and by measuring on sample SII. The blue data points refer to the recorded chiral ratio and the red line corresponds to the fit. The time dependence of the applied electric field follows a rectangular shape with inversion at the beginning and in the middle of each panel.}
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}

\begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Paper_stroboscopic_switching_curves_LLB.pdf}
  \caption{\label{fig:switching_curves_LLB}At 4F1 the relaxation processes of the chiral ratio, which is plotted in a and b), were recorded by counting both SF channels $I_{x\bar{x}}$ and $I_{\bar{x}x}$ as a function of time. The electric field ($|E|=\SI{0.12}{\kilo\volt\per\milli\meter}$) was manually switched after the saturation of the chiral ratio for the respective handedness was reached. For both curves sample SII was measured.}
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}

In order to investigate the relaxation of multiferroic domains in NaFeGe$_2$O$_6${,} while triggering the  inversion of domains by external electric fields, the stroboscopic setup was installed at IN12 (see section \ref{sec:experimental_methods}). The switching curves of the chiral ratio were recorded for different temperatures and a variety of electric-field amplitudes on sample SII. Fig. \ref{fig:fast_relaxation} displays four exemplary switching curves and it can be seen by comparing the panels horizontally that the relaxation time significantly decreases, when increasing the temperature. Moreover, the vertical arrangement of panels in Fig. \ref{fig:fast_relaxation} displays the field dependence of the relaxation processes. It can be seen that the electric-field strength at fixed temperature also strongly influences the relaxation processes. For all recorded curves, there is no asymmetric relaxation behavior concerning the electric field polarity.

The relaxation process can be described by an exponential relaxation in both directions \cite{stein2020}:
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:switching_a}
r_\chi(t)&=r_a-\left(r_a-r_b\right)\text{exp}\left(-\left(\frac{t}{\tau_a}\right)^{b_1}\right)\\
\label{eq:switching_b}
r_\chi(t)&=r_b-\left(r_b-r_a\right)\text{exp}\left(-\left(\frac{t-t_{1/2}}{\tau_b}\right)^{b_2}\right)
\end{align}
Both parameters $\tau_a$ and $\tau_b$ are the characteristic relaxation times describing the inversion of the chiral ratio from $r_a$ to $r_b$ and from $r_b$ to $r_a$, respectively. Here, $t_{1/2}$ accounts for the reversal of the electric field after half the period. Considering the Ishibashi-Takagi theory, which is based on the Avrami-model, the stretching exponents $b_1$ and $b_2$ describe the dimensionality of the domain wall motion \cite{Ishibashi_1971,Ishibashi_1990,Avrami_1939,Avrami_1940,Avrami_1941}. Both stretching exponents vary between 1 and 2.5 thus indicating low-dimensional domain growth. Approaching $T_\text{N}$ or enhancing the field amplitude result in larger stretching exponents suggesting a higher growth dimensionality or possibly additional nucleation processes. A similar behavior was observed for TbMnO$_3$  \cite{stein2020}.

The investigation of long relaxation times ($>\SI{1}{\minute}$) does not require the stroboscopic setup, as sufficient statistics are reached during a single switching period. The respective measurements were performed at 4F1. Two switching curves are exemplarily shown in Fig. \ref{fig:switching_curves_LLB} for an electric-field amplitude of $|E|=\SI{0.12}{\kilo\volt\per\milli\meter}$. Although the experiment was performed on the same sample SII, the curves exhibit an asymmetric relaxation behavior contrary to the recorded curves from the IN12 experiment. The system was short circuited at room temperature and during the cooling procedure but nevertheless this asymmetry can be due to residual frozen-in charges or from effective pinning at defects, which provoke a preferred sign of the vector chirality in the multiferroic phase \cite{Finger2010}. Moreover, both curves possess a kink after the second field inversion, which can be related to a time-delayed second nucleation process. However, this effect was resolvable only for the several orders of magnitude slower relaxation processes that were investigated during the 4F1 beamtime.
\begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Paper_Relaxation_times.pdf}
  \caption{\label{fig:relaxation_times}Panels a) and b) display the temperature and electric-field dependent relaxation times, respectively. Up and down triangles refer to $\tau_a$ and $\tau_b$ from IN12 data, whereas crosses correspond to $\tau_a$ from the recorded 4F1 data. The whole IN12 data set was fitted simultaneously by the combined Arrhenius-Merz law (see equation \ref{eq:arrhenius-merz}) and the plotted colored solid lines refer to the fit results shown for fixed electric fields in a) or fixed temperatures in b). The 4F1 data were not included to the fit.}
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}
 \begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Paper_Relaxation_times_Second_Experiment.pdf}
  \caption{\label{fig:relaxation_times_2}Additional set of measurements of the relaxation times from a second experiment are displayed in panels a) and b). The combined Arrhenius-Merz law is valid even at very low temperatures. A slightly different activation constant and critical relaxation time with respect to results shown in Fig. \ref{fig:relaxation_times} arise from a renewed sample setup (see text).}
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}

Fig. \ref{fig:relaxation_times} displays the fitted relaxation times $\tau_a$ and $\tau_b$ (see equation \ref{eq:switching_a} and \ref{eq:switching_b}) as a function of inverse temperature and of inverse field with a logarithmic scaling. Up and down arrows mark the fitted relaxation time from IN12 data for switching the electric field to positive and
negative values, respectively. The crosses in a) and b)  mark the fitted relaxation times, which have been obtained from the 4F1 experiment. Combining both experiments at IN12 and 4F1 it is possible to follow the multiferroic relaxation over 7 orders of magnitude in time as a function of temperature and electric field.

The  multiferroic domain relaxation in TbMnO$_3$  \cite{stein2020} follows a combined Arrhenius-Merz law as a function of temperature and electric-field:
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:arrhenius-merz}
\tau\left(E,T\right)=\tau^*\text{exp}\left(\frac{A_0T_r}{ET}\right)\:\text{with}\:T_r=\frac{T_\text{MF}-T}{T_\text{MF}}
\end{align}
Here $\tau^*$ denotes the fastest possible relaxation time that can be reached at the multiferroic phase transition $T_\text{MF}=T_{\text{N}}$ or at infinitely large fields, and $A_0$ is the activation constant. Thus, $\tau^*$ and $A_0$ are the only two parameters needed to describe the field and temperature dependence of the relaxation.
For TbMnO$_3$   the parameters amount to $\tau^*=\SI{0.72}{\milli\second}$ and $A_0=\SI{1483}{\kelvin\kilo\volt\per\mm}$ \cite{stein2020}. This combined Arrhenius-Merz relation describes multiferroic relaxation in the E,T range, where it is determined by classical domain-wall motion. In the studied E,T range, the multiferroic relaxation in TbMnO$_3$ deviates from
the combined Arrhenius-Merz law only when approaching the multiferroic transition, as additional nucleation processes seem to accelerate the domain inversion.

For NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  all relaxation times obtained from IN12 data were simultaneously fitted  with the combined Arrhenius-Merz law. The 4F1 data were excluded from the fit as even a tiny temperature offset between both instruments due to different sample sticks and temperature calibration has significant impact on the fit result. Furthermore, the asymmetry of relaxation and the second nucleation process complicate the precise determination of relaxation times.  Nevertheless, the temperature and electric-field dependent relaxation times $\tau_a$ from 4F1 data are included in Fig. \ref{fig:relaxation_times} (see crosses). Due to the observed asymmetry for long relaxation times only $\tau_a$ is plotted, whereas $\tau_b$ is approximately one order of magnitude larger.

Solid lines in Fig. \ref{fig:relaxation_times} a) and b) correspond to the fit result for different temperatures and different electric-field amplitudes. It is clearly visible that the multiferroic relaxation behavior in NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  is also well described by this combined activation law requiring only two parameters. The obtained critical relaxation time $\tau^*$ and the activation constant $A_0$ amount to $\tau^*=\SI{0.0049(12)}{\milli\second}$ and $A_0=\SI{19.46(88)}{\kelvin\kilo\volt\per\mm}$. During a second experiment at the IN12 spectrometer, the relaxation times at very low temperatures were further studied. Before this beamtime, a tiny piece was cut from sample SII for other measurements and the sample contacts were renewed. With the restored sample setup a slightly different critical relaxation time and activation constant was observed but nevertheless both values ($\tau^*=\SI{0.0125(18)}{\milli\second}$ and $A_0=\SI{13.28(34)}{\kelvin\kilo\volt\per\mm}$) are of the same order of magnitude compared to results from the first experiment. The measured relaxation times as well as the fit are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:relaxation_times_2} and it can be seen that even at low temperature the relaxation follows the activation law indicating that no quantum effects dominate the relaxation behavior, which would lead to a saturation of the relaxation time. For fields between $E=\SI{0.42}{\kilo\volt\per\mm}$ and $E=\SI{1.02}{\kilo\volt\per\mm}$, the domain wall motion in NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  remains thus thermally activated and is not driven by domain wall tunneling down to $T=\SI{1.5}{\kelvin}$. Domain wall tunneling was reported for antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domain wall motion at low temperature \cite{Kagawa_2016,Brooke_2001}. In NaFeGe$_2$O$_6${,} quantum effects can become relevant at even lower temperature and electric field values.

 \begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Paper_Scaling_V2.png}
  \caption{\label{fig:scaling} The different scaling relations for the relaxation times shown in panels a) and b) clearly determine the combined Arrhenius-Merz law to be the correct description of the multiferroic domain inversion. For the comparison only IN12 data from the first experiment (see Fig. \ref{fig:relaxation_times}) were used.}
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}

Some pure ferroelectrics \cite{Miller_1958,scott2000} exhibit thermally activated relaxation following a scaling law $\tau(E,T)=\tau^*\text{exp}(A_0T_r/E)$, in which
the relaxation only depends on the ratio $T_r/E$.
The measurements on multiferroic TbMnO$_3$  \cite{stein2020} do not agree with this but follow a scaling with $T_r/(ET)$ as it results from the combined
Arrhenius-Merz law.
Fig. \ref{fig:scaling} compares both scaling laws for NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$   and clearly shows that the combined Arrhenius-Merz law is the appropriate description also
for this material.

The relaxation of multiferroic domains differs from the relaxation behavior in conventional ferroelectrics \cite{Miller_1958,scott2000,stein2020}. While in a ferroelectric material the nucleation process, the forward growth and the subsequent sideways expansion of domains can equally contribute to the global domain relaxation process and thus render its description complicated \cite{Miller_1958,scott2000}, multiferroic domain inversion is dominantly determined by the sideways growth of domains \cite{stein2020,Hoffmann2011a,Meier2009,Matsubara2015}.
Therefore, thermally activated domain wall motion and a combined Arrhenius-Merz law \cite{stein2020}
describe the multiferroic domain inversion over a wide range of temperatures and fields, spanning over 7 orders of magnitude in time.
However, close to the multiferroic transition and for very high fields additional nucleation processes will accelerate the relaxation, and at very low temperatures and
electric fields quantum tunneling can become relevant.

 \section{\label{sec:spin_wave}Spin-wave velocity}
  \begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Paper_Dispersion.pdf}
  \caption{\label{fig:spin_wave}The plots in a) and b) display the recorded constant-energy scans at $T=\SI{3.9}{\kelvin}$ around the incommensurate zone center $\vec{Q}=(0.677\:\:0\:\:0.9252)$ along $H$ and $L$, respectively. Red data points refer to the fitted peak maxima and the red lines correspond to fits of the respective dispersion. }
  \label{disp}
 \end{figure}

Since the spin-wave velocity can limit the multiferroic domain wall motion \cite{stein2020,Hoffmann2011a} we analyzed the dispersion of acoustic magnon branches at the 4F2 triple-axis spectrometer. The respective measurements were carried out on sample SI, which was mounted with scattering geometry (1 0 0)/(0 0 1). For $\Delta E\geq\SI{0.5}{\milli\electronvolt}$, constant-energy scans were measured around the incommensurate zone center $\vec{Q}=(0.677\:\:0\:0.925)$ along $H$ and $L$ directions at $T=\SI{3.9}{\kelvin}$. Below $\Delta E=\SI{0.5}{\milli\electronvolt}$ it was not possible to separate the excitation from the elastic line due to the finite resolution.

Fig. \ref{fig:spin_wave} maps the measured scattering along both recorded directions. All constant-energy scans were fitted with two Gaussian functions and the obtained peak-center positions of excitations are marked by red data points in a) and b). The dispersion can be approximately described by $\omega(q)=\sqrt{(\Delta^2+v_g^2q^2)}$, with $v_g$ the group velocity of the spin wave and $\Delta$ the gap energy. The fits for respective directions (red dashed lines in Fig. \ref{fig:spin_wave}) yield $v_g=\SI{662(19)}{\meter\per\second}$ along $H$, $v_g=\SI{1460(36)}{\meter\per\second}$ along $L$ and a spin gap of approximately $\SI{0.53}{\milli\electronvolt}$ for both directions. The magnon dispersion is thus anisotropic with a steeper slope along the direction of zigzag chains, but this anisotropy is moderate and the material should not be considered as a low-dimensional system. The ferroelectric polarization is predominantly aligned along the $a$ direction \cite{Ackermann_2015} and for all respective experiments on the multiferroic domain inversion, the electric field was applied parallel to it. In multiferroics the initial reverted domains extend along the direction of ferroelectric polarization before the subsequent sideways growth dominates the overall relaxation process \cite{stein2020,Hoffmann2011a}. Considering the determined spin-wave velocities, a single needle-shaped domain in the middle and the geometry of sample SII (for which the relaxation behavior was measured), the fastest possible domain relaxation is of the order of $\SI{e-3}{\milli\second}$, which agrees with the observed critical relaxation time $\tau^*$ (see section \ref{sec:domain_relaxation}). However, a striped pattern of more than one needle-shaped domain as well as nucleation of additional germs will further reduce the multiferroic relaxation time, because both effects reduce the distances to be overcome by the domain wall motion.

 \section{\label{sec:level1}Conclusion}

We report investigations on the magnetic structure as well as on the multiferroic domain relaxation in NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  utilizing neutron scattering experiments on single crystals. With neutron polarization analysis it is possible to separate the magnetic components of the long-range order in both phases. Thereby we can  confirm the proposed incommensurate spin-density wave with moments along the $a$ direction for the intermediate phase and a chiral spin structure with components along $a$ and $c$ below the multiferroic transition. In addition there is a locking-in of the incommensurate propagation vector at $T\approx\SI{5}{\kelvin}$ accompanied with the emergence of a $b$-component, whose presence was so far controversially discussed \cite{Drokina_2011,Redhammer_2011}.

The multiferroic domain inversion was investigated by quasi-static as well as by time-resolved measurements of the vector chirality. Poling sequences and hysteresis loops confirm the invertibility of its sign and show low coercive fields as a function of temperature. As reported for TbMnO$_3$  \cite{stein2020},  time-resolved measurements of the rapidly switched chiral ratio reveal the combined Arrhenius-Merz law to describe the relaxation behavior in NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  over at least 7 orders of magnitude in time. Even at low temperatures of the order of 1.5\,K the multiferroic domain inversion is well described by thermally activated domain-wall motion.

Since NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  allows one to study the multiferroic domain relaxation over a large temperature range (down to $T/T_\text{MF}\approx 0.14$), we can analyze the scaling of electric field and reduced temperature $T_\text{r}$. While a simple scaling $f\left(\frac{T_r}{E}\right)$ can be applied to ferroelectrics \cite{Miller_1958,scott2000} such scaling can be excluded for the multiferroic domain relaxation in NaFeGe$_2$O$_6${,} which follows the $f\left(\frac{T_r}{TE}\right)$ scaling predicted by the Arrhenius-Merz law.

In conclusion, NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$  exhibits similar to TbMnO$_3$  a simple field and temperature dependence of multiferroic domain inversion that is well described by thermally activated domain-wall motion with an activation field given by $A_0\frac{T_\text{r}}{T}$.

The neutron scattering data from the IN12 diffractometer are available \cite{dataIN12}.

\section{\label{sec:level1}Acknowledgements}

This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG,
German Research Foundation) - Project number 277146847 - CRC 1238, projects A02, B04 and by
the Bundesministerium f\"ur Bildung und
Forschung - Project number 05K19PK1. This work is based upon experiments performed at the IN12 instrument operated by JCNS at the Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by JCNS to perform the neutron scattering measurements at the at the Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France.

\nocite{apsrev41Control}
\bibliographystyle{apsrev4-1}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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A common battle of fold vs above the fold in the responsive website design still exists. Some say that fold no longer exists while some arguments come in its favor. Does it really exist? Where should we place a call to action? In regards to the website design, you have indeed heard about the importance of putting things correctly above the fold. As many said it has been a long time for the Fold death due to the emergence of devices and their capabilities of displaying web pages. Do we need to worry about it? You will get to know whether fold is just a myth nowadays or it depends on us. In this post, we will be discussing the current browsing habits, the variables used, advantage/disadvantage of the fold, and at last, what you can do with it!
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The research indicates that the presence of scrollbar in a website is enough to define there is something more to read. To take a step closer towards scrolling, Apple, a renowned company, had made a default setting where there was no scrollbar. It shows folks do scroll. They are familiar with it and do not need any visual clue anymore. If visitors are interested in the content you have published, they definitely scroll down.
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Sketch vs Photoshop: Who Wins to Design UI and Why?


As if by magic the trilliums have sprung up. Tiny flowers dotting the shadowy woods with their white light.
Pictures don't do them justice. They;re shy, but unmistakable. Popping out of the bracken and leaves, bright spots of spring. We stop, admire them, enjoy them in this moment. Before the moment has gone.
Notice the one red trillium. Beautiful.
Gorgeous trilliums. And thanks, I would never have noticed the red one.


text:
package me.nereo.baiduimageview;

import android.app.Application;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Environment;

import com.nostra13.universalimageloader.cache.disc.impl.UnlimitedDiscCache;
import com.nostra13.universalimageloader.cache.disc.naming.Md5FileNameGenerator;
import com.nostra13.universalimageloader.cache.memory.impl.LruMemoryCache;
import com.nostra13.universalimageloader.core.ImageLoader;
import com.nostra13.universalimageloader.core.ImageLoaderConfiguration;
import com.nostra13.universalimageloader.core.assist.QueueProcessingType;

import java.io.File;

import me.nereo.baiduimageview.util.StorageUtils;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2014-07-07.
 */
public class App extends Application {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        initImageLoader(getApplicationContext());
    }

    public static void initImageLoader(Context context){
        File cacheDir = StorageUtils.getCacheDirectory(context);
        ImageLoaderConfiguration cfg = new ImageLoaderConfiguration.Builder(context)
                .threadPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY - 2)
                .denyCacheImageMultipleSizesInMemory()
                .tasksProcessingOrder(QueueProcessingType.LIFO)
                .diskCache(new UnlimitedDiscCache(cacheDir))
                .diskCacheFileNameGenerator(new Md5FileNameGenerator())
                .diskCacheSize(50 * 1024 * 1024)
                .diskCacheFileCount(100)
                .build();
        ImageLoader.getInstance().init(cfg);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
AMAZON BEST SELLERS - PRODUCT REVIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
What is Bluetooth - technology in plain English.
So what is Bluetooth and all those confusing acronyms, what do they mean and how important are they?
When we try to look for gadgets or accessories for our smartphones, computers or entertainment systems components, just to name a few, we start seeing Bluetooth this, Bluetooth that, in any possible combination with words like wireless, hands free, class 2, class 1 etc. To make things worse this "industry jargon salad" is sprinkled with a colorful mixture of acronyms like v2.1, v3.0, v4.0, +EDR, +HS, A2DP ad nauseam. So how can you make any sense of it and figure out if the particular device is going to work for you. Don't despair, we will try to decipher the technology mumbo jumbo, explain what is Bluetooth and help you to understand basic concepts and Bluetooth flavors. In particular we will look at:
Bluetooth History And Technology Basics
Communication And Connection
Device Classes And Range
Bluetooth Versions
Bluetooth Device Profiles
Back in 1994 a Swedish telecom company invented a network technology designed to connect devices over the radio waves into a small network over short distances. It later became Bluetooth. It is a wireless technology that uses UHF radio wave in a range around 2.4GHz to establish a communication network between enabled devices.
WARNING: Interesting yet useless facts section:
The Bluetooth name is credited to Jim Kardach that in 1997 proposed the Bluetooth name after the Danish king Harald Bluetooth that in the tenth century, united Danish tribes into a kingdom. The Bluetooth logo had been created by merging two runes (letters in runic alphabet) Hagall and Bjarkan.
Bluetooth specifications provide for connecting up to seven devices into an ad-hoc network where on of the devices acts as a master with the remaining devices as acting as slaves, a server/terminals relationship if you will. The devices can switch roles but at any given moment there could only be one master device. The communication between devices is carried over radio waves in a range from 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz with 79 or 40 channels depending on the Bluetooth version. The transfer rates vary between versions and will list them in latter sections.
Device Class And Signal Range
Because the Bluetooth technology had been designed as low power short wave communication protocol, there are certain limitations as far as distance between devices for successful data transfer. Firstly, Bluetooth devices need a line of site or a near line of site to maintain the connection. Secondly, the communication range is limited by the power of the signal. The standard defines three classes that specifies the maximum power used by device transceiver. This in power limiting in turn limits the maximum radio wave range. Bluetooth standard specifies three classes:
Class 3 - Maximum permitted power 1 mW (milliwat) and estimated range of ~1 m (3 ft)
Class 2 - Maximum permitted power 2.5 mW (milliwat) and estimated range of ~10 m (30 ft)
Class 1 - Maximum permitted power 100 mW (milliwat) and estimated range of ~100 m (300 ft)
The first version that I would like to mention is Bluetooth version 1.2. Even though it would be hard to find any device that runs on version 1.2, since the 2004 release of v. 2.0, the v 1.2 was the frist version that fixed many problems that made matching and connecting devices from different manufacturers very difficult or impossible. Bluetooth version 1.2 was able to transmit data at a rate of 1 Mbit/s and finally organized some of the core standards to make it easier to match devices from different manufacturers. With each consecutive version specification release, the technology was getting more refined and faster and the increased data transfer rate created new possibilities for data intensive applications like HD audio and video streaming. To achieve the higher speeds new technologies had been introduced and they are reflected in the version names, they are: Bluetooth Enhanced Data Rate (+EDR) introduced with version 2.0 and Wi-Fi networking transport technology named High Speed (+HS) introduced with version 3.0 that enabled Bluetooth 3.0 and up to transfer data at 24 Mbit/s data rate. Data transfer speeds for each version listed below:
Bluetooth 1.2 - 1 Mbit/s
Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR - 3 Mbit/s
Bluetooth 3.0 + HS - 24 Mbit/s
Bluetooth 4.0 - 24 Mbit/s
The process of refining and improving of the standard continues and minor revisions had been introduced in December 2013 for version 4.1 and in December 2014 for version 4.2.
In layman terms Bluetooth profile is a list features, commands and services that a Bluetooth device can provide or execute upon a request from other connected devices. The goal of standardization by providing profiles is to enable manufactures to simplify their devices and include only the functionality that is required by the device's tasks. For example a wireless Bluetooth keyboard will perform completely different tasks then a wireless Bluetooth speaker. The need for this standardization came from the vast number of applications that the Bluetooth technology is being used. I should note here that at the time of this writing there are 54 profiles for devices using a Bluetooth technology. Probably one of the most popular profiles for Bluetooth devices on a consumer market is is the Advanced Audio Distribution Profile https://developer.bluetooth.org/TechnologyOverview/Pages/A2DP.aspx (A2DP) used by many devices capable of streaming a high quality audio over a Bluetooth connection. For a full list of defined profiles please visit https://developer.bluetooth.org/TechnologyOverview/Pages/Profiles.aspx.
Usage / Applications / Devices
In recent years because of the technology simplicity and robustness paired with a low energy consumption and increasing data transfer rates, the number of devices that employ Bluetooth technology is constantly growing and ranges from wireless sensors and monitors through data transfer devices or at-hoc networks to audio and video equipment. On a consumer market most notable groups are:
Waterproof wireless speakers
Computer wireless peripherals
Game console controllers
Wearable devices and sensors (Smart watch, Fitbit, hart rate monitor)
Hands free speakerphone in-car kits
With time the number of devices using this amazing and versatile technology will grow and I'm sure we will find new uses for Bluetooth technology in our everyday life. If you have any questions or suggestions please leave us a comment at the end of this post, we will try to answer it as best as we can and if necessary we will also add an FAQ section with the most popular issues.
OUR LISTS AND FEATURE ARTICLES
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Grocery stores offering special 'seniors only' hours during COVID-19 pandemic
Some local grocery stores are offering special hours to senior customers, who many experts identify as one group most vulnerable to COVID-19.
Dollar General and Zuppardo's Family Supermarket were among the first stores that announced plans to dedicate shopping time to seniors. Now, many other grocery stores are following suit.
Many stores are also modifying regular hours to accommodate for more cleaning and stocking time, while also helping with social distancing efforts.
We've gathered a list of stores where seniors and other at-risk groups can shop for items during slower periods.
Contact us to add any other stores offering special senior hours to this list. Check back for updates.
Zuppardo's Family Supermarket
Zuppardo's Family Supermarket says it will now open one hour early at 8 a.m. for senior citizens only on Wednesdays.
The Metarie supermarket also modifies its store hours in the wake of coronavirus. Store hours are now from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. daily, expect on Wednesdays when the store opens from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Because senior citizens are at the highest risk and have expressed to us difficulty obtaining products that they need,…
Posted by Zuppardo's Family Supermarket on Monday, March 16, 2020
Dollar General announced plans to dedicate the first hour of each shopping day to senior shoppers, and modify store operating hours starting on Tuesday, March 17.
Dollar General also plans to close one hour earlier than current close times to allow employees to clean and re-stock store shelves, "as well as for their health and well-being," the store chain said.
Click here to view store hours at your nearest Dollar General location.
Beginning Tuesday, March 17, we are strongly encouraging our first hour of operations be dedicated to our senior…
Posted by Dollar General on Monday, March 16, 2020
Dorginac's Food Center
Dorignac's will open one hour early to senior citizens from 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 a.m. on Mondays and Thursdays until further notice. Be prepared to show identification.
Current store hours are 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. daily.
Dorignac's Announces Senior Shopping Hour on Mondays and Thursdays! 65yr. & older! ⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜
A post shared by Dorignac's Food Center (@dorignacs) on Mar 17, 2020 at 8:42am PDT
Fresh Market locations are reserving a shopping hour for seniors from 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. from Monday through Friday. The chain says all stores will continue to operate under our regular business hours.
Shoppers can find locations in New Orleans, Metairie and Mandeville.
Click here to find your nearest location.
To Our Valued Guests:To best serve our community during this time, we are designating special shopping hours for…
Posted by The Fresh Market on Tuesday, March 17, 2020
According to the website, Target will reserve the first hour of shopping each Wednesday to "to support vulnerable guests, including the elderly and those with underlying health concerns."
All stores will close by 9 p.m. daily to restock and "deeply clean" stores for guests, Target says.
We're so proud of our Target teams working to keep stores open for guests during this challenging time. Read more about…
Posted by Target on Tuesday, March 17, 2020
Whole Foods stores will open to customers age 60 and older to shop one hour before the store opens to the general public.
New Orleans locations are at Arabella Station on Magazine Street, Broad Street and Veterans Boulevard. Store hours are 8 a.m. to 8 a.m.
Click here for updated store information near your location.
Important Update to Store Hours. For information on your store, please visit https://t.co/dxzcZkw1wy. pic.twitter.com/j469cHZ0Le
— Whole Foods Market (@WholeFoods) March 18, 2020
Acquistapace's Covington Supermarket
The Covington supermarket says it will open doors early for senior customers ages 60 and older.
Senior shopping hours at the location are from 6 a.m. to 7 a.m. until further notice, Acquistapace's Covington Supermarket announced on Facebook.
We are opening our Covington location exclusively for customers aged 60+ from 6am to 7am until further notice.
Posted by Acquistapace's Covington Supermarket on Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Walmart announced several recent changes to operations, including offering special shopping hours for seniors. From March 24 through April 28, Walmart stores will host an hour-long senior shopping event every Tuesday for customers aged 60 and older. This will start one hour before the store opens. Pharmacies and Vision Centers will also be open during this time.
Walmart U.S. stores will adjust operating hours to 7 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. Stores that open later than 7 a.m. will continue their regular starting hours.
Stores will also now have limits for customers in certain categories including paper products, milk, eggs, cleaning supplies, hand sanitizer, water, diapers, wipes, formula, and baby food.
To better serve our customers and support our associates, Walmart U.S. stores are making the following changes: https://t.co/SFfKBdos5z pic.twitter.com/StIx9p2adE
— Walmart (@Walmart) March 19, 2020
Winn-Dixie announced it would join efforts to "protect those who are most vulnerable."
In a twitter post, the grocery store chain said Winn-Dixie stores and pharmacies would launch senior shopping hours.
At Louisiana stores, Seniors and others most at risk can have private shopping time from 7 a.m. to 8 a.m. However, pharmacies won't open until 8 a.m.
Store hours are 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
You can always count on us to do everything we can to keep customers and associates safe. Starting today, all stores…
Posted by Winn-Dixie Louisiana on Wednesday, March 25, 2020
Main's Market
Main's Market in Folsom says it will open daily at 6:30 a.m. for senior shopping.
Remember! We'll be open from 6:30am – 7:30am for Senior Citizens Only.
Posted by Main's Market on Tuesday, March 17, 2020
Robért Fresh Market
All Robért Fresh Market locations and Lakeview Grocery on Harrison Avenue are opening an hour earlier than normal from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. daily for seniors ages 65 and older, the store announced on Facebook.
Robért Fresh Market will open exclusively for customers age 65 and older everyday from 6am – 7am until further notice….
Posted by Robért Fresh Market on Thursday, March 19, 2020
Walgreens stores add a senior hour from 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. on Tuesdays starting March 24.
"This hour is also available to their caregivers and immediate families may also visit the store during this time," the website says.
Senior customers age 55 and older can also get a senior day discount all day on Tuesdays. The discount offers 30 percent off regularly priced Walgreens brands and 20 percent off regularly priced national brands.
Most Walgreens locations, including 24-hour stores, will adjust hours to from 9 a.m. until 9 p.m., the company announced.
For Walgreens locations with a 24-hour drive-thru pharmacy, while the front of store will close at 9 p.m., the pharmacy drive-thru will remain open.
(2/3) We're also implementing additional measures to promote the safety & well-being of team members and customers, and hiring for thousands of jobs. Learn more: https://t.co/i0VAsKxGUz
— Walgreens (@Walgreens) March 22, 2020
Trader Joe's said crew members will maintain an additional line outside the front door for our senior customers daily between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m.
"This will ensure that those customers in need will have an expedited entrance to the store to help make their experience a more positive one," the company said in a release.
We have temporarily revised our store hours to support our Crew Members in taking care of one another and taking care of you, our Customers. Thank you for your understanding as we work together to look out for our communities. ••• For more updates & info, see link in bio.
A post shared by Trader Joe's (@traderjoes) on Mar 16, 2020 at 6:32pm PDT
RELATED: New Orleans restaurants offering curbside service, takeout options
Stay up to date with full coverage of Coronavirus news at Fox8live.com or download our FOX 8 News app.
https://twitter.com/Walgreens/status/1241865215739863040https://twitter.com/Walgreens/status/1241865215739863040
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It's award winning and now you can make it from home.
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Krispy Kreme introduces new Cinnamon Swirl Doughnut in time for Thanksgiving
Krispy Kreme is introducing a new Cinnamon Swirl donut just in time for Thanksgiving. The...


Musical.ly, the app that makes it easy to create music videos, is in the process of raising about $100 million in funding, at around a $500 million post-money valuation, TechCrunch has learned. The details are still being finalized, but the plan is for GGV Capital and Qiming Venture Partners to co-lead the round, with participation from Greylock Partners and DCM.
Headquartered in Shanghai, musical.ly has gained significant traction with young teens across the globe. The team says it has 60 million users and is especially popular in the U.S. The lip-sync app has similarities to Dubsmash, but is more of a social media platform. The company calls it a "video social network." Users can follow accounts to keep up with their favorite performers.
While the business has gained significant traction, its details have largely remained under the radar. Musical.ly raised a round of capital from GGV and Greylock last year and received very little media attention.
The investors would not comment on the current fundraising round, but they are especially enthusiastic about musical.ly.
The focus is on music videos right now, but we are hearing that musical.ly has some pending updates that would broaden the app's appeal to older demographics.
The app is free and available on both iPhone and Android.
We're told that the fundraising is still in progress and that some deals could fall through. Musical.ly declined to comment.


OSHA's Committee on Construction Safety and Health will hold a\r\ntwo-day public meeting May 4-5.
OSHA''s Committee on Construction Safety and Health will hold a two-day public meeting May 4-5 that will include updates on fall protection, ergonomics and other OSHA policies and rulemakings that affect the construction industry.
The agenda items include remarks by OSHA Administrator Charles N. Jeffress and work group updates on musculoskeletal disorders; data collection and targeting; cranes; fall protection; OSHA Form 170; and noise in construction.
There will also be a special presentation on OSHA''s rulemaking process and a Carolina star program.
The overall committee will meet at the Francis Perkins Building in Washington, D.C., on May 4 from 8:30 to 4 p.m., and on May 5 from 9 a.m. to noon.
Written comments on the agenda items may be submitted along with 20 copies to Veneta Chatmon, Office of Public Affairs, OSHA, 200 Constitution Ave., N.W., Room N-3647, Washington, D.C. 20210.
Those who wish to make an oral presentation should call (202) 693-1999 and indicate the amount of time desired and the interest represented.
Commenters also should provide a brief outline of their planned presentation.


text:
Pause & Reflect: Meditations for Families (eBook - mobi)
Product Code: PRMFMB
Pause & Reflect: Meditations for Families (eBook - ePub)
Product Code: PRMFEP
Baha'i Wall Calendar (180 BE)
Product Code: BWC180
Home > Social and World Issues >
Sort: By Publishing Date (Newer to Older) By Publishing Date (Older to Newer) Featured By Name (A -> Z) By Name (Z -> A) By Price (Low to High) By Price (High to Low)
Religion and Science in the Globalized World : A Collective Monograph
Product Code: RSGW
Publisher: M-Graphics Publishing
Religion and Science in the Globalized World explores contemporary trends in religion, science, and globalization from a Bahá'í perspective. It is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to Bahá'í approaches to various aspects of globalization. It includes the following chapters: "Global Constitutionalism" by Graham Hassall; "Globalization—The Tangible Expression of Humanity's Journey Towards Unity" by Sovaida Ma'ani Ewing; "Building a Just and Sustainable Global Food System: Some Guiding Principles" by Paul Hanley; "How Can We All Get Along?—A Bahá'í Perspective on Globalization" by Harold Rosen; and "Globalization Requires a Bahá'í Foundation" by Hooshmand Badee.
The book's second part focuses on different issues within the domains of natural and social sciences. The chapters included are as follows: "A Bahá'í View of Human Rights" by Peter Smith; "Prophetic Revelation and Sociocultural Evolution: Some Scientific Perspectives" by Harry P.Massoth and Marilu Jeno; "Plato, Modern Physics, and Bahá'u'lláh" by Vahid Ranjbar; "Iterative Theology: Progressive Revelation as the String Theory of Religious Studies" by Andres Elvira Espinoza; and "The Issue of Self-Identity in Transhumanism and the Bahá'í Writings" by Mikhail Sergeev. The volume ends with two chronologies of articles and books numerous Bahá'í authors wrote on globalization and science from the second half of the twentieth century up to the present day.
For the Well-Being of All : Eliminating the Extremes of Wealth and Poverty
Compiled by: Bonnie Taylor
Product Code: FWBA
This compilation offers a selection of passages on one of the key aims of the Bahá'í Faith—the elimination of the extremes of wealth and poverty on a global scale. The Universal House of Justice, the international governing body of the Faith, referring to the wealth inequality that exists between and within nations, writes: "However much such conditions are the outcome of history, they do not have to define the future. . . ." The selections gathered here, taken from Bahá'í scripture and other Bahá'í sources, present the vision of a just and unified global civilization that is both materially and spiritually prosperous. Such a vision calls for transformation—on both an individual and collective level—based on the study and practical application of spiritual principles. Drawing on texts stretching from the latter half of the nineteenth century up to the present day, For the Well-Being of All not only presents such principles as they pertain to a wide range of themes, but includes guidance and reflection concerning their application in the modern world.
Religion and Public Discourse in an Age of Transition : Reflections on Baha'i Practice and Thought
Product Code: RPDAT
Technology, tourism, politics, and law have connected human beings around the world more closely than ever before, but this closeness has, paradoxically, given rise to fear, distrust, and misunderstanding between nation-states and religions. In light of the tensions and conflicts that arise from these complex relationships, many search for ways to find peace and understanding through a "global public sphere."
Contributors to this volume address various aspects of this challenge within the context of Bahá'í thought and practice, whose goal is to lay the foundations for a new world civilization that harmonizes the spiritual and material aspects of human existence. Bahá'í teachings view religion as a source of enduring insight that can enable humanity to repair and transcend patterns of disunity, to foster justice within the structures of society, and to advance the cause of peace. Accordingly, religion can and ought to play a role in the broader project of creating a pattern of public discourse capable of supporting humanity's transition to the next stage in its collective development.
Economics of the Future Begins Today
Author: Badi Shams
Product Code: EFBT
Publisher: Baha'i Publishig Trust, India
Economics of the Future Begins Today looks at the history of the present economic system and its destructive effect through the perspective of the Baha'i Writings on economics. Topics include divine economy, the station of man, material and spiritual civilization, and many more relevant topics.
Baha'i World 1963-1968: Vol. XIV
Asnad Bahaeian Iran (Persian) (1952-1979) (Originally $80)
Product Code: PDOBI
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (eBook - ePub)
Product Code: DGTEP
Power of Unity Teacher's Guide
Product Code: POUTG
Bab and Babi Community of Iran
Product Code: BBCI
For the Well-Being of All
Religion and Public Discourse in an Age of Transition
Dimensions of Baha'i Law (eBook - ePub)
Product Code: DBLTEP
Aflame with Devotion (eBook - ePub)
Product Code: AWDEP


Mondo 10W40 is a high quality fully synthetic multi grade engine oil designed to provide optimum performance specially for gasoline engines under all operating conditions.
Mondo 10W40 offers excellent wear protection to all engine parts. These parts will also be protected against rust and corrosion. Special deterging additives keep rust particles and soot in dispersion.
Due to the use of sheer stable viscosity index improvers, the viscosity will remain in good condition. Even during long drain interval terms, Mondo 10W40 will continue to provide a strong lubricant film between the moving parts of the engine.
- Maintain engine cleanliness with detergent & dispersant additive.
- Excellent sludge control performance.
- Maintain appropriate viscosity level at high temperatures.
- Designed for severe and high temperature environment.
- Exceptionally strong cold temperature start-up.


Know Ponaganset Class of 2010 graduates that are NOT on this List? Help us Update the 2010 Class List by adding missing names.
More 2010 alumni from Ponaganset HS have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 2010 alumni.
Alumni from the Ponaganset High School class of 2010 that have been added to this alumni directory are shown on this page. All of the people on this page graduated in '10 from Ponaganset . You can register for free to add your name to the PHS alumni directory.


text:
La piscina Carmen Longo è un impianto italiano per sport acquatici di Bologna, chiamata anche piscina comunale dello Stadio per trovarsi a ridosso dello stadio Renato Dall'Ara.

È intitolata a Carmen Longo, nuotatrice bolognese morta a 18 anni nel 1966 in un incidente aereo.

Descrizione
È composta da una vasca natatoria coperta olimpionica , con copertura mobile, oltre a una sala palestra e spazi ricreativi per il pubblico. In essa si possono praticare tutti gli sport acquatici. Gli spalti, dopo la ristrutturazione, hanno ridotto la capienza a 1.200 posti. La profondità è di due metri per tutta la vasca, con una capienza del piano vasca di 300 persone (atleti). L'impianto natatorio insiste su un'area di circa .

Storia

Costruita nel 1927, insieme allo stadio Littoriale durante il fascismo, era originariamente scoperta, con una grandezza di 50 x 30 m, mentre una vasca coperta di 33 × 16 fu inaugurata il 28 ottobre 1928.

Il 2 settembre 1927 entrò nella storia degli sport acquatici perché ivi, durante campionati europei di nuoto, lo svedese Arne Borg stabilì il record mondiale nei 1500 metri con 19'07". Una targa all'interno dell'impianto ricorda ancora il record. Alla fine degli anni '60 è stata titolata a Carmen Longo, nuotatrice bolognese deceduta insieme ad altri rappresentanti della Nazionale italiana di nuoto nella tragedia di Brema. Con i suoi 30 metri di larghezza era considerata la più grande d'Italia.

Chiusa nel 2003, fu riaperta a giugno 2016, dopo lavori di ristrutturazione, costati 13 milioni di euro, che hanno ridotto la larghezza della vasca a 25 metri e hanno installato un tetto apribile progettato dal Prof. Ing. Massimo Majowiecki.

La gestione della piscina è affidata alla società sportiva De Akker Team .

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
Piscina olimpionica

Altri progetti

Impianti sportivi di Bologna


The first model in this range to be designed was the X6 which is set to launch in May 2016.
Designed to complement both the existing two ranges, Xperformance (Xp) and Xcruising (Xc), X models will offer both excellent sailing capabilities and a modern spacious interior.
The new 'X' models will include innovative design features above and below deck, the latest build technologies and the use of exceptionally high quality materials.
By introducing this range, X-Yachts continues sharing the passion for "Superb Sailing Pleasure".
The hull is made using vacuum infused epoxy sandwich lamination technology to ensure maximum strength and safety.
The X4 offers sailors a substantial keel weight and sail plan making it a dream to sail into wind and waves.
6 well sized self-tailing winches for halyards, genoa and main sheet. All X-Yachts normal features including encapsulated lead keel, hydraulic backstay adjuster, discontinuous rod rigging and Spectra halyards are standard.
Over the past two years, interior designers and carpenters have been striving to reach an 'expression' for the X6, normally only seen on larger super yachts. The X4 interior will be incorporating inspiration from the evolution of this design process.
New stylish bookshelves, located behind the navigation station and recessed into the bulkhead separating the owner's and sail's cabin add to exquisite interior detailing.