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Issue 15 / Beacons
Technologies of Black Freedoms: Calling On Black Studies Scholars, with SA Smythe
There's been an increasing recognition of how racial regimes are mediated by digital technologies, particularly through things like computational policing practices that target communities of color and automated hiring platforms that exacerbate employment discrimination. But so far, the discourse about "algorithmic bias" largely treats race as an aftermath of technology, as a downstream effect. Further, it treats race as a problem—race is the way you add up the bad things that technology does to people. Race is a way to measure harm.
Both premises need to be challenged. Racial regimes aren't downstream of technology—they're present from the very start. They centrally shape the design, development, and deployment of the computational systems that govern our lives. And the obsession with calculating race as a function of harmful impact institutionalizes Black people as objects of suffering without agency or political subjectivity that extends beyond advocating for social remedy.
To overcome the limitations of the algorithmic bias discourse, we need to ask a completely different set of questions about technology, drawing on the traditions of black thought and black freedom-dreaming. To help formulate these questions, and begin to sketch some possible answers, issue editor J. Khadijah Abdurahman talked with SA Smythe, an assistant professor in the Gender Studies and African American Studies departments at UCLA. Smythe is a poet, translator, and scholar of black European literary and cultural studies and Black trans poetics, and is deeply invested in the coalitional project of black life, black study, and relishing nonbinary experiences across the diaspora. Abdurahman talked to Smythe about abolition organizing on Turtle Island, statecraft as reproduced in humanitarian technologies, and orienting toward "otherwise possibility."
The joke I always make is that techno-capitalism puts people who have never taken the humanities in charge of humanity. In that vein, the driving motivation behind Beacons is thinking about how we "call in" Black studies and abolitionist organizers into this technology discourse. Even as I say that, I want to be careful to not reify technology as the property of white, cisgender male tech bros straight outta Silicon Valley because we are all already using, interacting, and modifying techniques and technologies all the time, right?
This time that we are asymmetrically experiencing has been intense and overwhelming due to the convergence of so-called "crises," which are of course interrelated. So, I'm really grateful to be taking up those questions in this format. I've felt insecure about how to jump in and have a conversation about "tech" even though it's so pervasive and is foundational to much of our relationship to modern life/modernity. How do we think about technologies as various techniques, tools, or modalities for collective liberation or for black freedoms? How do we get humanists and humanities adjacent folks—especially people who engage in various black radical traditions and Black feminist practices—to think more urgently about Technology in the capital T sense? I'm not quite sure, but the invitation is key. Of course, as we've talked about this ongoing invitation, with scholars like Simone Browne, Katherine McKittrick, Safiya Noble, and Ruha Benjamin, plus many of the other folks in this issue who have been working against "algorithms of oppression," data, and technologies of liberation through a Black feminist lens for some time—you've reminded me to answer and amplify this call.
I'm thinking about the movement and solidarity work that I joined in the wake of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and global Black rebellions in the summer of 2020. For the Cops Off Campus Coalition organizing both regionally and locally across Turtle Island, 95 percent of our convening, strategizing, and public campaigning was unthinkable without Zoom, Google Hangouts, or Skype, and apps like Cryptee, Google Docs, Canva, and Lucidchart, inviting one another to amplify our campaigns and build shared demands across different time zones to mobilize people and share resources. This was of course true for the Black Abolition Futures political education group and political organizing spaces in Europe that I was able to re-enter while physically in the US. It's challenging, trying to think about what we need to imagine liberation tools and technologies beyond our current capacities, particularly when we're in movement work or, like you, directly confronting these questions of technology on a day to day basis, and considering what otherwise can materially mean and how to bring that to bear in our present.
When we're inundated with technologies perceived to be "our only hope" à la Star Wars, where that's the last chance that we've got to get ourselves free; that's where I think we need to take a second to pause and double down on an acknowledgment: that this is precisely the time where we must mobilize for something else beyond our current capacities. This is when I orient towards the replenishable resource of otherwise possibility, a framing I first came across in the work of Ashon Crawley. Anyone telling you that new technological expansion is our last chance, that there's no other way, or that this is the easiest path if you want to do the work that you've set out to do, I think we all need to reflect and think about our intentions, aspirations, and who among us is really out of time. What options do we have access to or must create?
Smaller Scales and The Digital Sea
What stands out to me is the idea of thinkability. Mariame Kaba says this a lot in reference to abolition. You know, that organizers worked for a very, very long time. And you know, organizers, including incarcerated people and people who were formerly incarcerated, right? Because sometimes there's a weird binary—the organizer becomes the one who is separate from incarcerated people. But they work to make the idea of abolition thinkable, something that people, in a decentralized way, practice in their own lives and in their own scholarship.
When we're thinking about tech, the idea that you need to be a Black Girl who Codes or have mastered JavaScript and HTML in order to enter into the conversation is hegemonic. On top of that, the kind of digital environments you mentioned relying on in your organization work for Cops Off Campus are so default, that it is very hard to even think about what a different wave would look like.
Exactly this. And I'm thinking about scale—digital, corporeal, and geopolitical scale all entwined together. While holding the need for global political revolution and exchange, I wonder if we might make the scales smaller and have the kind of impact on the ground that might lead toward a shift in digital space. So to put it more concretely: What's really great about certain kinds of mutual aid is that I can send money to someone right now in Senegal or in Tahiti. It'll get there roughly at the same time. But I wonder what this means in terms of rapid gentrification and displacement and dispossession of Black, brown, and indigenous peoples. I'm wondering about the capacity for a digital that is the people's right, belonging to the people on a smaller scale, and without western attachments to property.
What would that look like—if that's even a useful way to start thinking about it—so that it's not governed or even governable by a large scale, monolithic, usually evil enterprise? On a smaller scale, say you live in apartment 5B and you need a babysitter, one of your kids has an ear infection. You have to run out and go take care of them real quick. You can't bring the other kids with you because that will be too hard to manage alone. Is someone available in the building right now to babysit? It would be cool to think from smaller scale mutual interdependence that abolitionists talk a lot about, that doesn't look like TaskRabbit, that doesn't feed into the gig economy which provides care as service for compensation independent of human, communal investment and accountability.
One instance that comes to mind is the Watch the Med Alarm Phone project, a self-organized hotline for refugees in distress in the Mediterranean Sea. For example, if you arrive at the Port of Tripoli in Libya and join a voyage attempting to cross the Mediterranean into Europe but the boat capsizes or something goes wrong, you could call the hotline which would then point rescue operations to your relative location and come to your aid.
On the one hand, this is a project on a relatively small scale, which is unfortunate in this case because it should be the work of governments whose borders are leading to catastrophe. As Harsha Walia says, the border is the crisis. But you know, government neglect is what it is. There are no real mechanisms then, digital or otherwise, that are consistent and hold the community of those rendered refugees or asylum seekers making that treacherous journey.
The ephemera of the large-scale digital space has made it such that, at the end of the task, of the act, there is nothing, you fall off of the cliff from support after the GoFundMe gets circulated. The lives are anonymized and lost in these spaces while we do the (to be clear, very necessary) work of redistributing wealth to the oppressed, away from the Global North, etc. So, I'm wondering what would happen if the digital realm (which feels to me really large and nebulous, like a sea in its own right) can come down to a smaller scale such that we can collectively navigate our way through. Or does that seem idealistic in a non-useful way, because someone will need to administer it and technology is not value neutral in terms of how it produces and exacerbates material asymmetry?
I'm just pausing to think, because I'm like, "both and neither." Both in the sense that yes, I think that we do need to find better relationships to administer mutual aid or social support through digital infrastructures. I'm not a nihilist or saying, "Cash App is corrupt," therefore die slow. I think that it is what it is and we have to help our people. I've also been in situations, in my own life, where I needed people to help me. I'm not going to be so dogmatic to the point that I'm saying, "Now you are complicit with capitalism because you have a wage and you're going to send it to me on this commercial app." But, I guess the "neither" part is recognizing how these apps are infrastructure and are controlling us as populations. I mean, it's not so linear like that. I think about the algorithmic flagging of fraudulent transactions resulting in any money being sent to Palestinians on these platforms being suspended and frozen without recourse.
We are in a situation where we must have mutual aid. We must send money back home. We must send money to Texas when the state has failed to take care of people. But in that must, we're relying on these apps or these infrastructures that were designed not in service of us. Not to produce that livability, right? So how do we think about whether there is something qualitatively new manifesting in these technologies? What is new about predictive policing? Before the prediction, policing was still bad, still needed to be abolished, right? Is it just automating that same practice or is something different happening? I think about Virginia Eubanks' comparison between the 20th century brick-and-mortar poorhouse and the present day digital poorhouse that is using algorithms. She emphasizes how the former geographically co-located Eastern European immigrants and Black Americans together—which some argue laid the ground for the Poor People's Movement—as compared to the algorithmic sorting of the digital poorhouse which preempts that kind of cross racial solidarity or physical proximity. I feel like the way political subjectivities are formed in relationship to a state's (often concealed) control of people's movement through space is a theme of your work on Blackness and migration. Are there connections that you're making in thinking about these examples?
That's really helpful. I love examples since I really appreciate having something to hold on to. Your question about this distinction makes me think of Cedric Robinson's concept of racial regimes—that which does not want to be revealed, but by the very nature of its revelation, speaks the truth about the mutability of racial representations as historically uncertain. This is why the system of racial capitalism and the flourishing of white supremacy is specifically one of the things that pretends it does not exist, that there is no hand there building on pre-existing cultural forms with new technologies that emerge to retrench those processes. In this way, "new" technology hides the original intent and how those aims differentially structure our realities.
Last month, when Facebook apps all went down—a possible distraction from the testimony of the company's whistleblower Frances Haugen before the US Senate—I felt this regime acutely. I was trying to help support planning and get information about my grandfather's funeral in Jamaica, and I couldn't reach any of my relatives in the Caribbean and across the diaspora, who all use WhatsApp as the primary mode of communication. For a lot of my family, like millions across the Global South, staying in touch internationally is far too expensive over landlines, and VoIP services like WhatsApp have filled this need. During the temporary crash, I couldn't figure out how to send money to them. I couldn't figure out where they were physically so that I could then try to find out which cousin or which uncle or family friend or local pastor had a landline that I could attempt to reach. At that moment, I realized WhatsApp, owned by Facebook, was completely determining my ability to connect with my family, to grieve and support and organize my community in real time, with material consequences.
That's just one personal example among millions, not even just in this particular incident, but consistently and recklessly when we think of, for example, Black trans sex workers being suppressed by the algorithms of most mainstream platforms. While OnlyFans began to ramp up this same suppression that Instagram did, taking down photos that have Cash App links on them, pop stars on the same apps, wearing similar amounts of clothing, are being promoted widely on all of our screens.
Fourteen Ninety-Two
My impression is that black study hasn't taken up technology as a primary site of analysis. Do you see an opportunity for scholars like yourself to intervene in the discourse of techno-capitalism and liberation?
Black studies folks who are not already invested in thinking through technology as an instrument of capitalism should get on board because, as I mentioned, we're already thinking about things like racial regimes, hidden infrastructures, and what they do to our material conditions and the ability to survive, thrive, and resist. Bedour Alagraa's work becomes really key to my thinking on this and so many other things when she talks about catastrophe, the "changing same," and the retrenchment of shared articulations of our dispossession.
First of all, we need to acknowledge that, right? Acknowledge that fact—that this is a different era, but it is an extension from the deadly worldmaking event of 1492 into what we're perceiving as our present day. And so there are all of these different kinds of work that Black studies scholars are doing to think about the revelations of the coercive organization of our daily lives, conceiving of how we can even begin to think about resisting, about liberation, about freedom dreaming. I'm convinced it's really important and the intersections are increasingly being laid bare during this phase of neoliberal late stage capitalism.
What I'm trying to hold onto is precisely the ephemeral understanding that "now is not working." What we're knowing as "the now"—the conditions of Western oriented or ontologically Western Space-Time—is not working. And actually, we've been in the same moment since 1492. So one of the ways it's not working is that we think it's 2021 and that has consistent material implications. On the internet people are like, "It's 2021. We shouldn't be saying this joke anymore," or "How is this still happening and it's 2021?" And I'm like, this is because we never left 1492. We're playing ourselves by thinking that the clock being offered to us is actually any measure of a real shift in the time that we (and by "we" I mean black people—Africa and its diasporas) have been hailed into—and even indoctrinated within—to be making these kinds of statements. To think otherwise is calling for a real kind of rupture from the status quo keeping us unfree. I'm talking myself into a bit of a circle because of that "both/and" that's required, and because I would never say, "Well, no computers for anyone and so I can't Venmo you some money for your urgent care." Or like, now I don't support Facebook, and I delete all of my little apps, so I can't message my auntie in Trelawney or uncles in the mountains in Jamaica, can't participate in mutual aid for Black trans kin, sex workers, and migrants in communities that I'm no longer physically living near but still accountable to? We need both.
Breathing into otherwise possibility is to me a fundamental, ontological, ahistorical rupture—in the sense of capital "H" history being a Western epistemological framework. It is a total divestment from the current world order. That means that the way that we can organize ourselves (or we even dream about organizing ourselves) in relation to one another is actionable and realizable; not fixed, but possible and dynamic.
I don't think that enough of us are entertaining the possibility, because of a false binary where it's like, "Well, I need to survive." And I'm thinking that part of this survival is orienting to this otherwise—it's not seeing your survival as just the next meal or where's the next paycheck. That gets really hard to narrate without sounding like you're just swimming in privilege, completely oblivious to the material conditions of people who need to know where the next check is coming from or how they can get together for that next meal.
I find myself sort of trapped by my own seductions, by my own desires for us to collectively orient ourselves to a thing without sounding like I'm oblivious and not aware of what people need—to be, to literally exist. But also understanding that the current order and the current perceptions of an allegedly discrete and separate catastrophe or of some kind of linear arc toward something—as opposed to spinning the wheels, "the changing same" and a deep retrenchment or acceleration of accumulation by dispossession and being asymmetrically displaced—is not it.
Moving Beyond The State
I keep bringing up how algorithms are hegemonic, bringing to scale the movement of people through space and producing new kinds of divisions through classifying and sorting people. Because predictive policing is not just about expanding forms of community surveillance, it's also a labor management tool. We see in welfare, automated decision systems are producing and managing resource scarcity, and then managing those subjectivities. Sometimes this is enacted in a very broad and decentralized way, and sometimes in an intensely violent way that is neither unclear nor metaphorical. From any given vantage point, we cannot see everything, so we need that multiplicity of perspectives.
It's well documented that predictive policing relies on dirty data sets embedded with the historic overrepresentation of Black and houseless people, thereby redirecting the police to the same geographic sites they've always over-policed. What Stop LAPD Spying Coalition and Free Radicals uniquely identified in their Algorithmic Ecology project, was that PredPol was not actually classifying the Skid Row residents as high risk, which is what the traditional argument of dirty data would lead us to believe. Rather than labeling the Skid Row encampments as "hot spots," PredPol is classifying the perimeters of Skid Row as high risk. In practice, this means that the moment residents tried to move past these otherwise invisible borders, they would encounter higher rates of arrest and police contact. If the LAPD announced a brick-and-mortar wall was to be built as a border around Skid Row, people would riot, right? Academic researchers who primarily rely on privacy rights to critique these technologies eschew the collective or communal harms that resonate with people who are targeted. I worry that residents of Skid Row, abolitionist organizers, and others may disengage from resisting these technologies when it's rendered unclear how the stakes are much greater than data privacy.
Even if we can understand Black Marxism from Cedric Robinson and are engaged with Bedour around not just rearticulating the same modes of catastrophe, crisis, and linear march through history, we're still not in the refugee camp. I'm not reifying standpoint epistemology, but literally we don't have access to everything, even at this moment where massive amounts of content is constantly being produced, right? I'm thinking about this "not knowing" alongside the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Special Rapporteur Philip Alston's report on Human Rights Violations in the United States in 2017. Examining the coordinated housing entry system in L.A., he emphasized that experimentation with public sector adoption of automated decision systems happens on the most marginalized sections of society before being generalized to the rest of the population. We can trace policies mandating fingerprinting for welfare recipients during the Clinton era to Simone Browne's seminal book, Dark Matters, explicating the proto-biometrics of the Middle Passage in the ledgers and branding of enslaved Black peoples.
So, some of these technologies have been the situation—and at the same time as recognizing that historic lineage or sameness, we have to recognize what's different in these new forms of surveillance and social control as they are being enacted onto broader swaths of the population.
In tech, to a degree there is a sociopolitical critical analysis, it often coalesces around bias. When you get to geopolicy, the discourse becomes very reliant on statecraft and state terminology because states actually have an analysis of society. They actually have a sense of who different actors are and, in a vacuum of political or theoretical frameworks, state actors are ascending. What stands out to me so much in your work is a rejection of state terminology, particularly as I'm thinking about my family in Oromia in the southern region of Ethiopia and observing how advocates are making moral appeals to the UN or to the US State Department. Human Rights Watch branded a recent report on Eritrean refugees in Tigray with a satellite image from Maxar Technologies. This just stood out to me so much—not that I want to hearken back to the old days of the '83 famine where they just put starving, nameless black people on the cover—but because this bird's eye view that renders people into polygons, if they're even seen at all, and even then it only allows for people to be seen en masse, there is no humanity within it. What does belonging mean in that context? Similar to WhatsApp, many people will justify use of satellite imagery citing it as the sole source of gathering visual evidence during a crisis.
Neither of us is here to defend the ivory tower, but this is why we need black study. And I'm using that term the way Robin D.G. Kelley points us to, as distinct from Black studies. So not Black Studies™ as a hegemonic and ethnonationalist interdisciplinary framework that was heavily funded by the government, by the State, namely through the Ford Foundation from the discipline's institutionalization in the Sixties. But black study as the deeply invested commitment to black people, black life, black possibility, and freedom dreaming, beyond institutions and in fact under siege by them. Collectively attending to black study would have us asking a very different set of questions, and perhaps being prepared to bring about very different answers.
This premise about evidence and evidencing is something that black study has taught me to challenge and expose the underlying perceptions of. What am I understanding when we talk about this bird's eye/drone's eye/God's eye perspective is a view of people rendered non-people. That framing is borne from a visual technology that James Scott describes in Seeing Like a State. In managing how and who we're seeing, this particular apparatus instigates us into a certain organized affect, initiates into a socially reproduced hierarchy—this is effectively what citizenship, nationalism, and patriotism do.
A patriot sees a flag burning and they are moved to defend the nation, as opposed to seeing a piece of cloth that they can walk over in the street, right? And that's because of what it means to belong to the state. You might feel it as an extension of yourself as opposed to what it is, which is the other way around. And so, I think, that thinking with black study, thinking with Black thought, would actually have us question: What does it mean when we're seeing non-people? What does it say about us if images of the oppressed masses are disseminated, and when we encounter them we can then go, "Oh, I get it, it's really bad there." Technologies of seeing and the epistemologies they are informed by need to be interrogated so that when we engage in movement work and defend our communities, we are not benefitting statecraft or reproducing an asymmetrical and oppressive world order.
Sometimes I feel increasingly militant about not reproducing certain images as evidence because, I mean, we've all seen them, right? Black people drowned at sea, black people's bodies washed up on shore or left out in the street for hours as in the case of Michael Brown and countless others, dozens of black people on, what I guess what passes for a boat with an infrastructure than cannot safely cross the Mediterranean, whose image gets printed on the cover of The Telegraph with the language of "the swarm" with an action shot of black people fleeing in Haiti or in Sudan. We know what gets made to matter and how. Black study reminds us whose narratives, whose stories have weight and amplifies the work that needs to be done without trafficking in the antiblack violence of dehumanizing erasure.
In the campaign leading up to Brexit, there were these massive billboards of black people crowded and stacked on a road and referred to as swarms—distinctly animal and non-human language for people fleeing conditions that Britain and other imperial formations have historically wrought. The images featured migrant crossing routes in places like Afghanistan and Libya, but they were being used in the middle of the UK so that people could see it and go, "Oh, that's what's happening here, they're coming across our border, encroaching on our lands." It was falling into the mind of the white citizen subject being like, "This is happening here," or "It has already happened here." Sight as a visual technology, as a mechanism, is already being used and abused in ways that need to be interrogated.
What I know from black study, and what I've experienced in my embodiment as a Black trans person and in solidarity with disability rights activists, is that seeing is not always believing, and to interrogate the privileges of sight. What you take through a visual medium and how you privilege that sense is rarely a tool for our liberation. So what then do we rely on instead?
And so for me, the kind of belonging that I hail, in relation to our collective liberation, tries to make that pivot. If not, you and I belong to this nation state because we look similar or we sound similar, because we speak the same language, because we have certain kinds of perceived proximities that the state has organized us into. Instead, we can belong to a different set of commitments wherein I don't need to visually see your suffering to actually acknowledge it. We can actually orient toward one another and the life we want to lead, so that it's not born through a series of documents, either visual or textual in statistics, the way that the UNHCR also does, the way throughout Europe, or the way that Frontex manages us and the International Office of Migration also enumerates. Quite simply, it's an orientation in which we collectively understand that statistics also codify our existence and extract our humanity.
I don't need to "see" evidence of the Oromo Genocide or see dead people up and down Ethiopia to know that we need to mobilize a collective response to the violence there. I have friends from Ethiopia. I have people who are in a place, telling me something is happening, and I know that they're committed to their and our collective freedoms. So I don't need to know that fourty-five Ethiopians were murdered today or ten or twenty or a hundred. I actually don't need to quantify that severe loss with numbers and not names or lives or memories if I already understand that the ongoing colonial and imperial illogics are producing a reality deeper than a mere number. We don't need to fall into the same traps of enumeration, quantification, and extraction for us to bear witness. Yet again, there is a "both/and" there, too. I understand why there are the petitions, I understand the enumerations, I understand the visualizing of these things, but I also find it to be a trap of visibility and representation, because then we're not belonging to each other. We're not trying to collectively belong to a possible otherwise. We're actually belonging into the same metrics of statecraft that are causing our harm to begin with.
A hundred percent. I don't know if you self-identify as a group, but what I have specifically learned from you, Zoé Samudzi, and Bedour Alagraa is thinking critically about visual documentation and the desire of the audience to see or experience this sadistic yet orgiastic enjoyment of black suffering. This desire is both dehumanizing and demands bodies, which is not the same. I also appreciate your demand to distinguish black life and black bodies versus "myself."
We're rejecting statecraft while sitting in the west and as diaspora. So I'm also thinking about people who are incarcerated or who are living in zones with an intensity of unrelenting violence, what does it mean for them to reject technologies of statecraft? What is otherwise for them? Going back to that Philip Alston point, you know, humanitarian technology is a site of pervasive experimentation. On one level, I appreciate that the UN is so transparent; they actually state in their internal documents something along the lines of "Thank God, unlike the EU, we don't have GDPR, so we can experiment on these populations and try out these new things before they get generalized to everyone else." How do we resist being brought into the only kind of relation remaining when we only see back home through a documentation of the suffering by NGOs or other humanitarian bodies, which does not allow for a kind of belonging with refugees or those categorized as "internally displaced?" How can we learn from and be in community with them when technologies of the state have become the throughway?
I'm thinking right now of a really dope book, Eric Stanley's Atmospheres of Violence: Structuring Antagonism and the Trans/Queer Ungovernable. Eric thinks a lot with Black trans feminists, as well as with Angela Davis, about what it means to become ungovernable.
When I used to do work in relation to the UK border with migrant women in detention centers, with a greater physical number of people, we could get heard and things could get done. We could mobilize to stop planes—like those small European detention flights. We could shut shit down in this very material way responding to immediate political and physical needs.
Part of my reticence with technology is with the sleekness and the smoothness of a user experience across platforms, which doesn't map onto the beautiful incoherence of human subjectivity. There's increased regulation in how we present ourselves online. Through this, we're becoming increasingly governable. One thing to consider is actual revolution, which Fanon and many others have taught us is not pretty, not consistent. It's not an isolated march or rally. I mean, it's machetes, it's fires. It's ongoing violent struggle meeting the violence we've (asymmetrically) been subjected to, that we should think about turning to yesterday, already. I know that because of the global structures that we've been slated into and the ways that we relate and the things that we would already have to be giving up, revolution across the world holds different weight. I'm trying to be careful as I'm saying things, but it is something that I think a lot about: what is required and how do we prepare?
And I'm thinking about how not to just think about it, but to be about it. How do we actually mobilize in the long game while our life spans are being shortened in real time, while being heavily surveilled and coercively governed, while a lot of our communities are being dispossessed and displaced in real time, and when ecological disasters and climate catastrophe means some of us are already out of time? And, here you go, I try not to talk myself out of the very answers that I think are really what's to come, are really hard to break open and leap out of—in that Fanonian sense—out of the current world order toward some otherwise one.
Registering Gender
The discussion around gender that I have been exposed to feels very bureaucratic. Particularly, I've been thinking about being "assigned at birth." Do you identify with the gender that you're assigned at birth? From my understanding, this has to do with birth certificates. Ethiopia actually has one of the lowest rates of birth registration in the world. Most people don't even get birth registration until they get their passport if they're going to leave the country. But it's something like 1.2-1.3 percent of all children acquire birth registration, even among the middle class.
As I went down this Google rabbit hole, I was like, "Yo, this is dope," because when you're talking about black methodologies, of misspokenness and the broken pieces, this is the complete opposite of digital surveillance. Everything is about enumerating, I mean, talk about counting—that is the fundamental ontological principle, and it's really disturbed when people do not participate in birth registration for statistical regimes. I don't want to romanticize these small acts of bureaucratic refusal or present them as active political commitments to abolishing the gender binary. There definitely is homophobia and transphobia in Ethiopia—I don't even know how much those words completely translate, not just the literal sexual translation, but in the way that people conceive of gender. I don't want to make it sound like Ethiopia is in any way a paragon of sexual freedom or gender identity inclusiveness, but at the same time, there is a way that everything is not so linear. So as this gender binary is being enacted onto people through institutions, bureaucracies, and technologies, people are refusing it in different kinds of ways. How do we make sense of that, not just in relationship to resistance, but between each other? What does it mean to think about gender when there is not that same assigning?
Gender is nothing if not bureaucratic. Gender is nothing if not a series of accruals and assignations on a global scale. But, and, also, there's something to really delight in, I think, in terms of a refusal that doesn't look binary. I've had conversations where it's just like, "Look at all this gender. Gender comes from the West, so let's say 'no' to gender, right?" And so it's supposed to be a rejection outright. But the queer and trans people that I know and delight in and struggle with, we can relish our gender too, as well as our relationship to it.
Let's put it this way: gender is a series of attachments, much like belonging—which is probably why this relates to your question. So technology, perhaps if I can try to make a real quick but rough analogy, not as a process or a series of mechanisms through which you manage labor, bodies, time, and all of these sorts of constructs, but actually as a way of deepening attachments. I'd like to think of "trans" when I think about transnational politics and even transdisciplinary scholarship as a moving across borders drawing from how trans theorist Eva Hayward talks about trans being a series of attachments and modes of relating as opposed to across, because grammatically, trans is supposed to be across and then cis would be on the same side. Instead of crossing a border or staying on the same side of a border, of gender, of geography, and so on, it could instead be a series of attachments to that very otherwise set of possibilities that we're trying to mobilize.
To go back to your concrete example with the Ethiopian birth certificates, I think it's a super cool note to end on, right, because you actually are talking about possibility. No, of course you're not saying, "Ethiopia is the trans friendliest place on Earth" or whatever. But by nature of these minor refusals that accumulate into a set of possibilities, then we have possibilities there, right? Like 1.2 percent is nothing to sniff at. So now if I wanted to play with my gender or what I understood or perceived to be gender, away from this kind of assignation, and I'm a trans Ethiopian or a person who is—and there are different words to talk about gender variance in different geographical contexts—then I can make some room, make something else possible for myself. And so I can use the very refusal that the masses are enacting to make room for myself.
And then when I'm carving up that space, because how we identify, and how we are identified is always already relational, then I'm making room for an "us" to thrive in that refusal. Again, I think that is linked to the becoming ungovernable that Stanley talks about, the moving in the wake of interminable catastrophe that Alagraa talks about, the thinking away from sort of genocidal politics of enumeration that Samudzi talks about. These are circulating conversations that black study has made, that precisely can be situated in thinking about technology. Now we've moved beyond "just" tech, and also to technologies of refusal and how to make those possibilities endure.
A note to the reader from SA Smythe: In response to decades of Black resistance in the US, many publishers have adopted a "house style" where "Black" is capitalized when referring to Black Americans/USians. This conversation was initially recorded and then edited, but SA Smythe spoke with us about the distinction between Black/black in terms of the larger African diaspora and the continent, and what capitalization gestures toward for/as Western grammar. When referring to Black USians explicitly, they usually capitalize the word in response to those important struggles and conventions of naming. Transnationally, the debates/struggles around that aren't consistent, and thus Smythe considers it useful to be mindful about making those conventions hegemonic from the US, and what that means for collective, global black liberation. For this reason, global black struggles outside of the US, black study (independent from the interdiscipline of Black Studies), etc., are not capitalized in this interview. As La Marr Jurelle Bruce once tweeted: "As long as you're writing and uttering the word 'B/black' with love and toward liberation, we're good." That's the spirit through which this conversation was held.
This piece appears in Logic's issue 15, "Beacons". To order the issue, head on over to our store. To receive future issues, subscribe.


Adding to our blog series on our company values, we wanted to get some perspective on our "performance culture" that sits at the core of how we operate and why we've grown so quickly. We caught up with Catherine Kellogg to get her thoughts on this value.
Turbonomic has a few pillars, one of them being "Performance" - can you describe in your own words what our performance culture is like or what it entails?
Since day one at Turbonomic (which was way back in September 2014), before these pillars had been formally outlined, performance has always been the thing we have valued most. To me, "performance" is not simply about the outcome of your work – which of course is crucial to the success of the company – but also the effort you put in to your daily tasks.
"Performance" is best personified by the people who come in every morning hungry to put their mark on Turbonomic. The people who go the extra mile even with simple tasks and who always reach for more. I stress this point because no matter how hard you work, you will not always have 100% success with everything you do. But if you're willing to take risks, try new things, and not be afraid of failure, you are sure to see more success than those who take the safe route. We are a young company, which means we can move quickly and try new things that older, more rigid companies can't.
What does it take to be successful at Turbonomic?
I mentioned this before, but it's hunger. As it applies to my team, I don't need everyone to have been in IT or even marketing their whole career. What I need is the desire to learn and grow, to collaborate with the sales organization and to build the relationships necessary to leave a positive mark on the business.
You see this play out in every part of the business – from marketing to the sales organization to operations and everything in between. Those that comes to work with the mindset that they will leave Turbonomic better than when they walked in that morning – those are the people who will see their careers flourish at Turbonomic and beyond.
Favorite moment at Turbonomic so far?
There's so many, it's hard to pick just one! I guess it would have to be stepping into my first director-level position, determining the strategy of sales support field marketing and managing a team of three. I'd be lying if I said that it's been seamless and without difficulty, but it has been such a rewarding and exciting experience. I feel true ownership over the success of our campaigns, the success of the sales organization and the growth of my team members. I truly believe this opportunity is one that has been unique to my experience at Turbonomic!
For more information about our culture, values or company - head over to our careers site and read more employee blogs.
Catherine Kellogg joined Turbonomic in 2014 as our Content Marketing Manager, but quickly grew as the company scaled. She went on to run public relations, then on to becoming a program manager and running field events. Most recently she was promoted to Director of Field Marketing, where she leads a team in enabling our sales force with influenced pipeline to drive revenue. Prior to Turbonomic, She worked at Shneider Associates as an account executive.


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Rumored PlayStation 4K May Arrive Before October's PS VR Release
The much-rumored 4K-capable PlayStation 4, dubbed the PlayStation 4K in some quarters, could be just a matter of months away if a new report is to be believed. It was previously hinted that the technologically-improved "PlayStation 4.5" could be on its way, but with The Wall Street Journal now reporting that the hardware will arrive before October's PlayStation VR release, it would certainly seem that the next PlayStation hardware refresh isn't too far away.
While confirming that the new PlayStation will feature technology capable of running games at a native 4K resolution, The Wall Street Journal also reports that the unit will feature hardware that will improve its ability to power the PlayStation VR headset that will arrive in October. The current PlayStation 4 will be compatible with the headset, so it's currently unclear what extra functionality, if any, a PS4K would offer.
It also appears that the PS4 and PS4K would carry the same game catalog, making us wonder just what the apparently upgraded CPU and GPU will be there for, beyond enabling that 4K gaming experience everyone is clambering for.
Microsoft's Xbox chief Phil Spencer has already hinted that the Xbox One may also see a mid-life refresh similar to that which the PlayStation 4 appears set to undergo. Spencer appeared to suggest that console gaming may be set to take a leaf out of PC gaming's book by iterating more quickly than it currently does. "When you look at the console space, I believe we will see more hardware innovation in the console space than we've ever seen," he said recently.
We currently have no actual release date or price for the next PlayStation, whatever it ends up being called, but the one thing we do know is this: if we were on the lookout for a PS4 deal right now, we'd certainly be thinking about holding off. In a matter of months, that PS4 may be old hat, especially if you own a 4K-capable TV.
(Source: WSJ)
Say Hello To PlayStation VR, As Well As New PlayStation 4 Accessories
Sony Is Bringing PlayStation Games To iOS And Android
Microsoft To Allow Cross-Network Play Between Xbox One, PS4, Windows PC Games
New 5.7-Inch iPhone SE Likely To Launch In 2023 According To Analyst

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Canton Group CEO, Ethan Kazi wins Voltage Award for "Leaders in Technology, Innovation" from SmartCEO
The Canton Group's CEO, Ethan Kazi, was awarded the Voltage "Innovator" award by SmartCEO, who presents these award to distinctive "Leaders in Technology".
About the Voltage Awards:
The Voltage Awards celebrate the ever-increasing role that technology plays in the business community and the impact the technology sector will have on economic growth. The program recognizes leading technology innovators and implementers. These are organizations that are developing new technologies that improve operational efficiencies (technology innovators) and organizations that are using technology to enhance their competitive advantage (technology implementers). Each year, and independent committee of local business leaders selects finalists based on the quality of nominations submitted. The Voltage Awards finalists are profiled in the May/June issue of SmartCEO magazine and celebrated at an awards reception in May, where the winners are announced live.


The originally announced capacity was going to be 5000. But then the city had to cough up an additional ten million dollars for cost overruns and in the process of addressing that situation, the capacity was reduced to 4200. Leonsis's attitude was that the city was responsible for building the facility, so the city was responsible for coming up with the additional money. I assume at any time he could have dipped into his own billions for some pocket change to pay for a bigger facility. It's not like there's any shortage of vacant city-owned land surrounding the facility.
I'm not sure it being 5000 rather than 4200 would have really changed the discussion.
It actually looks like a fairly nice arena. Not great but not terrible. If they can fill it up on a regular basis, it might be fine. If it's only half full, then it's a problem but it's a problem wherever the arena is... What's their attendance been this year?
Yeah, just for the sake of comparison, the place that's holding the knock-out stages of the FIBA World Cup right now only holds 5,100, but it feels like a proper basketball arena and it was absolutely rocking last night for the Spain-Senegal game. If Mystics games were like that 17+ times a year it'd be a big upgrade on what they seem to have been like in recent seasons.
And people wonder why income inequality is getting worse.
I was at the Mystics new arena last night for a Wizards open practice. I was NOT very impressed. Most, if not all of the seats are the ones that fold up. It reminds me of a glorified high school gymnasium with more seats. The seats are comfortable enough & the concourse, walkways, restrooms, etc,... were fine.
The location is in a very bad section of Washington, DC, but the metro station is a few blocks away. The arena is basically in the middle of a residential area with (at this point) no retail, restaurants, businesses, etc,... That could change eventually, I'm not sure what is planned.
As for my impressions, I agree with goofy that the building itself is not "impressive", but I think -- when filled with Mystics fans -- this will be a rockin' home court!
There aren't really any bad seats. Everything in the lower bowl is, as you see, pretty close to the court. The seats themselves are surprisingly comfortable for plastic, fold-up chairs. I'm 6'3" and I actually had a few inches of room between my knees and the row in front! And my friend and I both noticed that the seat width seemed a little more generous than back at Capitol One.
There are only two (identical) food concessions, with your basic burger, drinks, popcorn, etc. Very uninspired, and if the arena is full, the wait times could be annoyingly long. One thing my friend and I noticed was that there appears to be more space allocated to the two Womens restrooms than the two Mens rooms. The pic above is of the largest of the two Womens rooms.
The biggest downside (besides being a couple of thousand seats smaller than I think it ought to be) is location. Many long-time fans are used to the convenience of the Gallery Place Metro. Easy to get to on either the Red or Yellow or Green lines. This new place is accessible only by the Green line, and my recollection is that trains don't run on that line all that often. Wait times well into the teens or longer. The walking distance to the Metro isn't bad. And I was told that by the time games begin next season, there should be good lighting and security, making it safe for fans to walk back and forth between the station and the game venue. So it's the wait times, particularly post-game, that could be a deterrent for me to take Metro to the game. We're also used to there being lots of parking within a few blocks of the Cap One arena. (And as goofy pointed out, there's no retail around the new place.) At the moment, there are only two very small surface lots. Though, I understand work is underway to build a parking garage and additional lot capacity. It definitely will be needed, because those two lots couldn't possibly accommodate all the fans driving to the games.
As for getting to those lots, for me, and many others, the drive to the arena -- particularly during rush hour on a weeknight -- is going to be a MAJOR headache and very time consuming! I'm hoping for lots of Saturday and Sunday afternoon games on next season's schedule!
I think the difficulty of getting to the new arena will cause some long-time fans to (regretfully) stay home. However, I fully expect that the team will pick up new fans from the surrounding area. For way more than half the lower bowl, the prices for season tickets, in my opinion, are very very reasonable! You can get a really good STH seat on the sides for $30 per game ($525 for the entire season); and you can get a quite decent STH seat in the end zone for $12 per seat (($210 for the season). I sat down in one of the $12 seats, and decided this location (if you're on a budget) would be an excellent value and an enjoyable place from which to watch a game. There are also STH plans more expensive, as well as in between the $30 to $12 lower end. With many reasonably priced STH plans available, I expect that, if you live nearer to the new arena, you may be tempted to hop on the Mystics bandwagon.
I hope the place fills up, as I expect it will. This small venue, when packed with home team fans, should be loud, close to the court and provide a real boost to the home team. I don't expect to make it to many games (because of the travel hassle) but I will go to some . . . and I am really looking forward to it!
For the pictures it looks very nice. Leagues better than what Westchester CC looks like. If the Liberty are going to stay there long term, maybe they can take notes from Monumental.
Also, Meesseman looks much improved in the World Cup. Be interesting to see how the Mystics add her back next season. Does Delle Donne slide over to SF? Or does Emma become the front-runner for 6th woman?
I think they have a problem. If I am Messeman, I am not coming to the US for the summer to be a damn bench player. And DelleDonne is much better at the 4 than the 3. It's hard to imagine this team as successful as this past season when their two best players - by far - need to play the same position.
I continue to think they should shop Messeman and see what they can get for her. I am not sure any trade would be able to really work, but it's worth a shot. It is pretty crazy how strong the 4s in this league are. It is such a stacked position. That said, Chicago, for example, would probably love to make a trade for Messeman.
Meesseman would be a huge asset to land in either Chicago or Phoenix, two teams in need of a starting PF.
Meesseman to Phoenix for the #8 pick & Gulich?
Meesseman to Chicago for the #4 pick?
I do think a "big" lineup is a possibility and having Sanders at the 5 over Thomas helps on both ends of the floor. Mystics also struggled with rebounding often this season so playing 3 bigs could help with that too. I don't see it as the starting unit though, especially not if Emma misses camp.
And there's nothing to suggest that Emma would pout if she came off the bench. She's always been a team-first player.
Picks don't do anything for Washington.
Yes. I still don't get what is wrong with being able to have star caliber players off your bench, like Meesseman, etc.
Looks like the TV camera will be on the small side and show the large side.
Trading Emma is a non-starter.
When Emma arrived, Coach T reached out to the Belgium Embassy and helped her connect with the Belgium community here in DC.
Emma's relationships with those individuals and one particular family have helped her adjust and enjoy spending her summers in Washington. A trade to another city might mean she decides to stay home in Europe permanently, instead of simply taking a year off.
It's a shame Meesseman plays the same spot as Washington's other star player. Mees/EDD can work, and may even work well enough to produce a title-challenging team, but I think we've seen enough at this point to know that they're both best off at the 4. Any lineup featuring both of them is always going to require some element of manipulation to get it to work.
Of course, I'm sure there are Belgian communities in other cities in America. It might work out if she gave it a chance, but the uncertainty is always going to reduce her trade value even if she agreed to try it initially.
I'm assured Thibault doesn't want to trade Meesseman and he'll make it work. Start both of them with EDD at SF. At the 5 minute mark, sub one out and use a rotation the rest of the game. Not in favor of playing Meesseman at center.
Why would we not keep the starting 5 from this year?
She can come off the bench and still get plenty of minutes.
She and DelleDonne can't both get plenty of minutes at the position in which they are more effective.
There is a reason that Bill Lambeer came into this league and won three titles. He had no sentimentality when it came to player movement. He knew that players were assets, and you need to leverage them to get the best return you can.


The team at Channelside weather has diverse experience within the meteorological world. Charles H. Paxton Ph.D. has been certified by the American Meteorological Society as a Consulting Meteorologist. He worked for NOAA as a Science Officer for over 25 years and has focused on onsite support for major events, and case studies involving terrestrial, marine, and aviation weather including numerical modeling of events. Jennifer Collins Ph.D. comes from academia and is an expert in tropical meteorology and social characteristics of hurricane response. Leilani Paxton M.S. is a data guru and has a background in environmental science and policy. The Channelside Weather team is here to support your meteorological needs.
We at Channelside Weather are here to represent your best interests. That's why we offer free consultations to walk you through your needs, the scope of your goals, and your budget.
Charles H. Paxton has been certified by the American Meteorological Society as a Consulting Meteorologist. He has a wealth of experience from working as a meteorologist in Florida for over 30 years.
Charlie is co-author of the 2017 book: Florida Weather and Climate - More than just Sunshine.
As Science and Operations Officer with NOAA's National Weather Service from 1993-2017, he was the senior scientific and training adviser. His broad knowledge of concepts and principles in the field of atmospheric science range from data collection to case studies and other research, synoptic and mesoscale forecasting, to applications in marine weather, aviation weather, severe weather, tropical weather, and numerical modeling. He is author or co-author on more than 50 research papers.
Onsite mission support at Sun-N-Fun Fly-in (Lakeland).
Onsite mission support at Gasparilla Parades (Tampa).
Onsite mission support at Emergency Operation Centers for tropical support (Fort Myers).
Onsite mission support for the 2009 Superbowl (Tampa).
Onsite mission support for the 2012 Republican National Convention (Tampa).
He managed program requirements, procedures, and statements of work for local computing and forecast process development, including cost estimations. He managed personnel resources and scheduling for staff working rotating shifts.
He continues as a speaker to a wide variety of groups including professional conferences, media interviews, and local government briefings, on a variety of topics that include hurricanes, climate change, hazardous weather, and ecosystems forecasting more than 30 times per year.
Leilani, the data guru, has excellent meteorological data processing, analysis, and problem-solving skills. She has assisted with meteorological course development and teaching. She has experience in ocean processes and paleotempestology - the study of past hurricanes derived from core samples.
M.S., Environmental Science and Policy, 2016.
Dr. Jennifer Collins is an Associate Professor in the School of Geosciences at the University of South Florida. Her research focuses on weather and climate. As a hurricane researcher, Dr. Collins is interested in the interaction between large scale climatic patterns and seasonal patterns of tropical cyclone activity in multiple oceanic basins. In addition to her work in the physical sciences she also works in the social sciences as she examines human behavior relating to hurricane evacuation. In addition to her hurricane work, Dr. Collins works in other areas related to weather, climate and hazards. She works closely on projects with the National Weather Service involving tornadoes and fog. In addition, she collaborates with international researchers and works in the area of climate change. Dr. Collins is the President of the West Central Florida Chapter of the American Meteorological Society, Chair of the Climate Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers and serves on the National Weather Association's Specialized Operations Committee on Tropical Cyclones.
2001 Ph.D. in Physics, Department of Space and Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London (United Kingdom).
1997 BSc Honours degree in Physical Geography with Environmental Science Minor, University of Lancaster (United Kingdom).
1995 Study abroad year at the University of Colorado (Boulder).
Academy for Teaching and Learning Excellence (ATLE) Faculty Fellow, 2013-2015.
American Meteorological Society, Chapter of the Year Award, West Central Florida Chapter of the American Meteorological Society (WCFLAMS), 2011-2012.
WCFLAMS Local Chapter Honor Roll 2007-2008, 2008-2009, 2010-2011 (My role – President of WCFLAMS and co-writer of application).
Excellence in Teaching Award, Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers, 2010.


Individuals applying for a 'start-up' entrepreneurial residence permit in the Netherlands.
The new entry visa exemptions allow for simplified and expedited processes for these individuals and their businesses. Individuals benefiting from the waiver as mentioned above can enter the Netherlands on the basis of their valid passports, foreign residence permits and/ or Schengen visas, depending on their nationality.
A MVV ('authorization to reside in the Netherlands) is a Dutch visa enabling the applicant to enter the Netherlands if the duration of the assignment/ transfer will exceed 3 months. The assignee (and family) will have to submit the entry visa application at the Dutch consulate/embassy having jurisdiction over the place of residence in the home country or country of legal stay. (The country of legal stay is the country in which the assignee can stay legally for more than three months on the basis of a residence permit). A MVV is only required for applicants who also require a visa to enter the Netherlands (Visa Nationals), and is valid for 3 months, i.e. the applicant has max 3 months to travel to the Netherlands with this visa.
What is the Schengen Area and which countries are part of the Schengen Agreement?
Please feel free to contact the EMG team in case of questions or comments in this respect via info@expatmanagementgroup.com or via one of your EMG contact persons directly.


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The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie
Common Sense Age 6+
Dive into a comedy adventure that's bigger, better and more absorbing than the rest - the movie debut of that undersea sensation, SpongeBob SquarePants! There's trouble bubbling up in Bikini Bottom, King Neptune's crown is missing, and Mr. Krabs has been accused of stealing it! Together with his best pal Patrick, SpongeBob sets out to treacherous Shell City to reclaim Neptune's crown and save Mr. Krabs, in a spectacular adventure filled with "over-the-top, under-the-sea action and non-stop laughs!" Featuring the voice talents of Tom Kenny (SpongeBob), Alec Baldwin, Jeffrey Tambor, Scarlett Johansson and a special appearance by David Hasselhoff, The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is an uproariously funny comedy.
Rent S$ 4.98
Buy S$ 12.98
6+ COMMON SENSE
Very similar to the edgy animated TV show.
Julia Pistor
Aaron Springer
Artists in This Film
Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel
Films in Kids & Family
Olaf's Frozen Adventure plus 6 Disney Tales
More ways to shop: visit an Apple Store, call 1800‐692‐7753 or find a reseller.


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'Golden Corridor' Turning into Maoist Hub
P. V. Ramana
Dr. P. V. Ramana was Research Fellow at Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis, New Delhi. Click here for detail profile.
The urban presence and activities of Naxalites of the Communist Party of India (Maoist) [CPI (Maoist], or Maoists, in short, is fast picking pace. On May 13, police arrested 10 Maoists in Pune, though they actually belonged to West Bengal. Nine of them were working as casual labourers while their leader was using the cover of a labour contractor. Four pistols and Naxalite literature running into 300 pages were recovered from their possession.
Earlier on April 25, 2011, police in Thane, Maharashtra arrested Angelo Sontakke alias Sunita Patil, a former teacher, presently secretary of the 'Golden Corridor Committee' of the Maoists and the wife of Milind Teltumbde, secretary of the Maharashtra State Committee of the CPI (Maoist). A sum of Rs 1.54 lakh was seized from her possession. Two days later, on April 27, her associate Sushma Ramteke alias Shraddha Gurav, was arrested from Pune. She was working under the cover of being a marketing executive. A few days thereafter police arrested three more women Maoists –– Anuradha Sonule, Mayuri Bhagat and Jyoti Chorghe. In all, during April-May a total of 16 Naxalites were arrested from various urban and semi-urban centres in Maharashtra.
The setting-up of a Golden Corridor Committee is a recent development. According to the chief of the Maharashtra Anti Terrorism Squad, it was formed in February 2008. In the Maoist scheme of things, there are eight strategic areas, one of which lies along the western coast. Within this exists the area known as the 'Golden Corridor' that extends from the region around Pune and stretches till Ahmedabad and includes Mumbai, Nashik, Surat and Vadodara. Incidentally, this is also the industrial backbone of the country. It is towards this belt that the Maoists have currently turned their attention. The area could, indeed, turn out to be a 'milch cow' for the Maoists.
A number of Maoist leaders and cadres who have either worked in the Golden Corridor area or have been operating there were arrested from various places, including mostly from the Golden Corridor area, in the past few years. Notably, these include:
On May 8, 2007 Arun Farreira, an alleged Maoist communications and propaganda strategist, and another cadre, Murali, were arrested from Nashik.
On August 19, 2007, Sridhar Krishnan Srinivasan alias Vishnu, a Polit Bureau member and the then Maharashtra State Committee secretary, and Vernon Gonsalves alias Vikram, member of the Maharashtra State Committee, were arrested from Mumbai.
On September 20, 2009, Kobad Ghandy alias Rajan, Polit Bureau member who operated in the Golden Corridor area and is believed to have developed the draft blue print for the Maoists' urban work, was arrested in Delhi.
On January 19, 2010, Suryadevara Prabhakar, who had earlier worked in Gadchiroli and Surat, and was propagating Maoist ideology in Mumbai, was arrested in Mumbai.
On June 17, 2010, Abdul Shakeel Pasha alias Rahul alias Adil, a former area Commander of Surat, was arrested in Delhi.
Commenting on the arrest of Naxalites in Pune, Thane, and other places in the past few weeks, a former Director General of Police of Maharashtra, Arvind Inamdar, said on May 16, 2011, "Certainly, it's a matter of serious concern. Prima facie, the Naxalites seem to have succeeded in ensuring the support of tribals and intellectuals in urban areas. As a result of that, their movement is getting support in big cities." In fact, several years ago, in 1977, he had reportedly arrested the founder of the current day Maoist movement, Kondapalli Seetharamaiah, in Nagpur.
According to the Maharashtra police the objective of establishing the Golden Corridor Committee was to "seek safe haven[s] for [N]axalites wanted in their home states, [secure] medical assistance for them, raising … funds, procurement of equipment and arms and recruitment of youngsters from the working class, who are employed in small industrial units." Further, as one officer of the Anti Terrorism Squad (ATS) of Maharashtra reportedly noted: "Naxalites seek shelter in industrial pockets as it is very difficult to identify and nab them as they hide amongst the labourers. Also most of them have some or the other contact with the workers in these areas so it easy to get a job and settle here" at a time when the police are hot on their heels in their respective areas of operation in various affected states.
Besides towns and cities in the Golden Corridor, the other urban centres that the Maoists have identified for penetration reportedly include Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore-Erode industrial belt, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Ranchi (including the Kolkata-Ranchi industrial belt), and other/old industrial towns such as Kanpur.
In fact, in 2007, the Maoists had constituted a committee known as the Urban Sub Committee (USCO) tasked with preparing an 'Urban Perspective Plan', which is sort of a blue-print for carrying forward the urban activities of the CPI (Maoist). According to a senior intelligence official, that Committee consisted of very top Maoist leaders of the apex Central Committee and included Kanchan, Ambar, Ranjan, Vijay and Parimal. Of them, the last is believed to be the Polit Bureau in-charge of USCO.
Broadly, in the Maoist scheme of things, the objectives/tasks of the Urban Movement could be classified under three broad categories: (a) mobilise and organise the basic masses and build the party on that basis; (b) build the United Front; and (c) military tasks. Within this framework, the scope of activities of the urban movement of the Maoists would include: building and strengthening the working class movement, creating a militant and political working class, founding broad-based mass movements on political issues to build and strengthen the United Front work, and working towards building strong mass organisations which would be expressly and consciously directed towards the goal of strengthening armed struggle and the Strategic United Front.
Against this backdrop, the Maoists would seek to target and mobilise the urban masses, especially the working class, including in the industrial and unorganised sectors, youth, students, intellectuals, etc. Also, the Maoists would seek to target these groups for recruitment into the underground and groom leaders from among them. In fact, according to an internal document of the CPI (Maoist), "… being the centres of concentration of the industrial proletariat, urban areas play an important part within the political strategy of the New Democratic Revolution."
Besides, the significance of the Urban Movement within the military strategy of the Maoists was best explained by Mao Tse Tung thus: "the final objective of the revolution is the capture of the cities, the enemy's main bases and this objective cannot be achieved without adequate work in the cities."
Thus, it is imperative that the police in the various cities, towns and semi-urban centres maintain a strict vigil on groups and individuals who could be potential sympathisers and recruits, before the urban movement catches on.
All the more, it is essential to maintain such a vigil in the Golden Corridor area because it is the industrial backbone of the country and could provide leaders as well as a large number of recruits and sympathisers, besides huge amounts of finances, for the CPI (Maoist).
Naxal
Maoist
CPI (Maoist) and the MMC Zone
COVID-19: Impact on Left Wing Extremism in India
Third Bodo Accord and Insurgency in Western Assam
IEDs and the Maoist insurgency
Maoists Deploying Pressure Mines


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Meditations on the Midwest
The Internet seems to have a lot to say about the Midwest this weekend. Two nights ago, at Jordan, Jesse, Go! at the AADL, one of the preoccupations of the hosts--who were from Hollywood, maybe you've heard of it?--was to unlock some of the secrets of "flyover country," to better connect with their audience. One approach to this was to identify our regional rivals.
"Lansing," GH joked, and then went on to explain Ann Arbor's growing resentment of our new governor.
Finally, it came out that what Michigan people really hate is Ohio. Ohio. Bleh. Ohio. "What's to hate about Ohio?" they asked. "Too mild-mannered?" Apparently, Jordan and Jesse just can't tell the difference between these bland Midwestern states.
I thought about their reaction when I was reading Jezebel's response to a Slate article about how the coasts misperceive the Midwest. Slate's conclusion, from a writer who has lived in the Midwest for ten years--Iowa and then Wisconsin--but still doesn't feel like she belongs: people here are friendly, and more fashion-conscious than you would think, but you have to work for acceptance. Politeness up front, but warmth only when enough time has passed; apparently that's different from how things roll on the coasts. Here is the Jezebel piece:
America's investment in these geo-cultural assumptions also seems specious to an outsider like myself for another, more fundamental reason: Americans are the ones making them. I have never met a national population that holds so much in common, that tells such exalted stories of themselves and their creation as a nation. Americans are always so American. Americans are all much more alike than they are different. It's like you guys don't even know that what unites you — in terms of worldview, political outlook, self-conception, food mores, shared historical and cultural knowledge, television — is so much more important than anything that might divide you. Americans, of all people, are going to act like the public toleration of fleece jackets and clogs is some kind of big, cultural shibboleth? HA. You wanna see an intranational cultural divide, go check out the rösti fence. Then we'll talk.
The Jezebel writer offers a more international perspective: she has lived in several countries and doesn't get what the big deal is here. Midwest, coasts: we're not so different, are we? Jordan and Jesse take the same perspective toward the states of the Midwest--Midwesterners are all much more alike than they are different, they seem to suggest. We share a climate, a value of superficial friendliness, apparently a love of fleece jackets and clogs. Why can't we all just get along?
But, again, they're from the West Coast. They're just never going to understand.
Posted by Erika Jost at 3:00 PM
Mikoyan April 18, 2011 at 11:14 AM
Ohio? Mild mannered? Obviously they've never seen High Street after a football game.
Julie May 17, 2011 at 3:57 PM
Ohio's The Harlequins offer some Midwest Coast tunage: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-JjjGNROgE


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Cuautitlán Izcalli ist ein Municipio im mexikanischen Bundesstaat México. Es gehört zur Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, der Metropolregion um Mexiko-Stadt. Der Verwaltungssitz und größter Ort des Municipios ist die gleichnamige Stadt Cuautitlán Izcalli. Der Verwaltungsbezirk hatte im Jahr 2010 511.675 Einwohner, seine Fläche beträgt 110 km².

Geographie
Cuautitlán Izcalli liegt im Norden des Bundesstaates México, etwa 20 km nördlich des Bundesdistrikts.

Das Municipio grenzt an die Municipios Tepotzotlán, Teoloyucan, Cuautitlán, Tultitlán, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Atizapán de Zaragoza und Nicolás Romero.

Größte Orte

Weblinks

Cuautitlan Izcalli

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Brands Seek Out Everyday Influencers – Event Marketer
Brands Seek Out Everyday Influencers
Posted on November 9, 2011 by Sandra O'Loughlin
There's no one like a trusted friend to give you advice, about your relationships, your job or the best place in town for ribs. It's an emotional connection that is truly authentic, and one that brand marketers try to duplicate with brand advocates. These are people who may not necessarily be your friends but that you can relate to, people who want to share their love for a product or service. After all, getting a designer handbag onto a celebrity in the latest issue of InStyle may be great for a brand's image, but an endorsement by an everyday influencer, someone more like you and me, forges a deeper, more genuine connection and is 50 times more likely to influence your purchase intent.
Everyday influencers run the gamut from cute teenyboppers to 20-year-old beer-swilling guys to mommy bloggers, depending on the product being hyped. When Levi's last year was looking to connect with millennial women, it selected up-and-coming young women in the fields of fashion, music, art and social change to form a community of like-minded women across the globe.
The campaign, called Shape What's To Come, involved 50 women from the U.S., U.K. and Japan who detailed in handcrafted journals how they are shaping the future and who inspired them along the way. The "traveling journals" were revealed as part of Levi's brand sponsorship at the first TEDWomen conference in Washington, D.C., last Dec. 7 and 8, where a documentary film showcased eight journal contributors' stories. This year the campaign moved to India where Levi's once again uncovered game-changing millennial women who completed the journals and presented them in October at TEDGlobal in Edinburgh.
For Levi's, finding these influencers was key to the success of the program and to maintaining its brand authenticity. It was involved every step of the way, but leaned on Grow Marketing, San Francisco, to craft a curated list of appropriate women.
Grow approached the challenge as a casting call, using a proprietary, person-to-person approach. The process begins on the ground with a network of partners who are tapped into their local areas. These people work their connections to uncover influencers who match the brand's psychographic and demographic target.
"Other influencer marketing agencies have huge and overused databases of consumers who they continue to tap into—they are hand raisers who have said they would like to receive free Cheetos or Pampers or whatever it is," says Gabrey Means, co-founder and creative director at Grow. "Just by opting in, these people are probably not going to be mouthpieces that we need."
Grow engages the potential influencers nominated by its network in a dialogue, screening them to ensure they are the right fit, that they are genuinely passionate about the brand and that they bring deep social and professional networks to the table. Its list of influencers changes with each project to match the needs of each client. Influencers are never reused. And they're uncompensated.
In India this year, working with Levi's and TED, Grow worked through rounds of interviews to narrow the pool, eventually settling on 16 women to be part of the journal project. Three of them got to attend TEDGlobal in Scotland.
"It seems like a lot of work, but you want to make sure your influencers are the most powerful," Means says. "They are the heart and the power of the program. It will only be as strong as the women at the center of the wheel."
Michael Perman, senior director of global marketing at Levi's, agrees. "Perhaps more than any other brand, we are defined by people who wear our brand and the cultural connections that they have. So, if we associate ourselves with the right people, people who have integrity and who are doing original work, who are innovative, and are expressing themselves in a useful, change-making manner, that's good for our brand."
While Levi's Shape What's To Come may evolve, Perman says the brand will continue to seek women who represent its values.And maybe even some men, too. EM
Posted by Sandra O'Loughlin
View all articles by Sandra O'Loughlin →
Macallan Tastings Immerse Fans in Scotch Whisky
Cadillac Brings Swagger to Events Strategy
Malibu Taps Stylish Influencers for New Product Launch
Brands Set Sail For Volvo Ocean Race


Rare Pedestal desk in solid mahogany. French Work of Saint-Malo of the mid 18th century.
This large Louis XIV style Bureau plat opens with two doors topped with drawers in two boxes separated by a central niche.
It opens in front not two smooth leaves to the assembly similar to that of the tray, each surmounted by a drawer, the left arranged compartments.
The amounts are of square section and end with straight feet.
Note that the tray is not pegged but mounted hooks, as for the commode from Saint-Malo.
The furniture is illuminated by beautiful cast brass mounts typical of the country of Saint Malo, the drawers close with two iron locks while the doors have kept their original iron locks.
Furniture of very good quality, all in sobriety, with timeless lines. Very nice original condition and beautiful patina.


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What Do Editors Look for When Reviewing Evocative Autoethnography?
Renata Ferdinand
JoinedOctober 21, 2022
Dr. Renata Ferdinand is Professor and Chair of the Department of African American Studies at New York City College of Technology in Brooklyn, NY. She writes autoethnographies that explore the complexities of the lived experiences of Black women and girls, from how race and gender impact experiences within the healthcare system to colorism, racial stereotypes, and Black women's identity. Her work has been featured in several outlets, including Cultural Studies + Critical Methodologies, Journal of Health Psychology, The Popular Culture Studies Journal, to name a few,and within several edited volumes, including International Perspectives of Autoethnographic Research and Practice, Blacklove: The Intimacies and Intricacies of Romantic Love in Black Relationships, and Space and Culture: The Journal. She has given several talks on Black Motherhood Studies and Black Girlhood Studies and was recently featured as a literary expert for the article, "Reblazing Saddles: Who Shapes the Wild West Lit Canon?" for Bitch: Feminist Response to Pop Culture. She is the recipient of the 2018 Ellis-Bochner Autoethnography and Personal Narrative Research Award from The Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction (SSSI) of the National Communication Association for best published essay. She serves as an expert reviewer for several publications and is currently an editorial board member of the Journal of Autoethnography. Her book, An Autoethnography of African American Motherhood: Things I Tell My Daughter is newly released (Routledge, 2021).
Renata Ferdinand·
Æ: Musings from the EditorsAllAutoethnographic WritingVolume 3, Issue 1 (2023)
"I'm Pinkie, the brash I don't give a fuck alter ego of Renata Ferdinand. I am emerging from the shadows, and blissfully, with my own column."
Æ: Musings from the EditorsAllInterviewsPodcastsReflections on MethodVolume 2, Issue 4 (2022)
How do creatives find joy in artistic performance as a form of black feminist autoethnography? Podcast & video.


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Главная » Unfinished Tales
Unfinished Tales
Поставьте оценкуUnfinished Tales. Рейтинг: 1/5Unfinished Tales. Рейтинг: 2/5Unfinished Tales. Рейтинг: 3/5Unfinished Tales. Рейтинг: 4/5Unfinished Tales. Рейтинг: 5/5
To celebrate its 40th anniversary, the first ever illustrated edition of this collection of tales which takes readers further into the stories told in The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, featuring 18 full-colour paintings depicting scenes from the First, Second and Third Ages of Middle-earth. Unfinished Tales is a collection of narratives ranging in time from the Elder Days of Middle-earth to the end of the War of the Ring, and provides those who have read The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings with a whole collection of background and new stories. The book concentrates on the realm of Middle-earth and comprises such elements as The Quest of Erebor, Gandalf's lively account of how it was that he came to send the Dwarves to the celebrated party at Bag-End; the emergence of the sea-god Ulmo before the eyes of Tuor on the coast of Beleriand; and an exact description of the military organization of the Riders of Rohan. Unfinished Tales also contains the only story about the long ages of Numenor before its downfall, and all that is known about such matters as the Five Wizards, the Palantiri and the legend of Amroth. The tales were edited by Christopher Tolkien, who provides a short commentary on each story, helping the reader to fill in the gaps and put each story into the context of the rest of his father's writings. In celebration of its 40th anniversary, this new edition features 18 stunning paintings from critically acclaimed Tolkien artists, Alan Lee, John Howe & Ted Nasmith, which reveal the three Ages of Middle-earth like never before.
Tolkien John Ronald Reuel
Death Comes As the End
Hobbit (illustrated)
Beowulf. A Translation and Commentary, together with Sellic Spell
The Children Of Hurin
Painstakingly restored from Tolkien's manuscripts and presented for the first time as a fully continuous and standalone story, the epic tale of The Children of Hurin will reunite fans of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings with Elves and Men, dragons and Dwarves, eagles and Orcs, and the rich land ➤ подробнее about The Children Of Hurins
Begin your journey into Middle-earth. A New Legend Begins on Prime Video, in The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power. This one-volume, paperback edition includes The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King, together with the Appendices in full ➤ подробнее about The Lord of the Rings.
The translation of Beowulf by J.R.R. Tolkien was an early work, very distinctive in its mode, completed in 1926: he returned to it later to make hasty corrections, but seems never to have considered its publication ➤ подробнее about Beowulf.
Учебники по иностранным языкам
The Two Towers
Begin your journey into Middle-earth. A New Legend Begins on Prime Video, in The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power. The second part of J.R.R. Tolkien's epic adventure THE LORD OF THE RINGS. The Fellowship is scattered. Some prepare for war against the Dark Lord ➤ подробнее about The Two Towers.
The Return Of The King
Begin your journey into Middle-earth. A New Legend Begins on Prime Video, in The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power. The third part of J.R.R. Tolkien's epic adventure THE LORD OF THE RINGS ➤ подробнее about The Return Of The King.
Concluding the story begun in The Hobbit, this is the final part of Tolkien's epic masterpiece, The Lord of the Rings. Featuring a striking black cover based on Tolkien's own design, the definitive text, and a detailed map of Middle-earth ➤ подробнее about The Return of the King.
"Unfinished Tales" можно купить недорого в одном из онлайн-магазинов, представленных на сайте. Помимо покупки нужного издания вы можете сравнить, где можно его купить и по каким ценам, также важным будет изучить акции и стоимость доставки в книжных магазинах для вашего региона. Купить Unfinished Tales можно в большинстве населенных пунктов России, включая Москву, Петербург, Екатеринбург, Нижний Новгород, Казань, Самару и многие другие города.


Note: This game is also titled Megami Ibunroku: Devil Survivor.
Successfully complete the game to unlock New Game+ mode. You can select the cleared saved game file to continue.
Bishamon, Koumoku, and Zouchou: Take almost any route except for Yuzu; mandatory battles.
Lucifer: Defeat Lucifer in New Game+ mode.
Kresnik and Kudlak: Defeat Kudlak by returning the bag to either Kaido or Mari, and let Mari get the last hit.
Yama: Give Kaido Mari's bag, and defeat Keisuke.
Amane: Take Amane's path, and successfully complete the game.
Atsuro: Take Atsuro's path, and successfully complete the game.
Gin: Take Gin's path, and successfully complete the game.
Kaido: Take Kaido's path, and successfully complete the game.
Naoya: Take Naoya's path, and successfully complete the game.
Yuzu: Take Yuzu's path, and successfully complete the game.


Kids look goods in every clothes and specially girls. Buy they are not comfortable in every clothes. We present out new kids collection for their comfort zone. Buy this Red Color Hand Mirror Work Chennai Silk Kids Lehenga Choli for your beautiful daughter. She look very beautiful and innocent in this lehenga choli.


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Taylor Swift and Tom Hiddleston: Major PDA Alert In Fourth of July Pic
by Kelly Lynch at July 5, 2016 5:59 pm .
Ugh, smug couples.
As if seeing Tom Hiddleston wearing an "I Love T.S." tank top weren't bad enough, now we have to see pictures of them looking like they're taking engagement photos.
Of course Swift's engagement photos would include cameos by Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds, because that is how Swift's life works.
I'm not bitter, I'm just hangry.
Swift's best friend, Britany LaManna posted the photo of the three couples - including herself and husband, Ben - on the porch of Swift's Rhode Island home.
While everyone attempted some form of a pose, Hiddleston and Swift were in their own little world, and quite frankly, we felt like we had walked in on something super intimate.
Tom Hiddleston: 8 Things to Know About Taylor Swift's New Bae
Swift hosted famous friends over the weekend, including Lively, Karlie Kloss, Cara Delevingne, Ruby Rose, Uzo Aduba, Gigi Hadid, and Martha Hunt.
The gang wore matching red, white and blue striped bathing suits, and made good use of the bouncy slip and slide put up in Swift's back yard.
Maack is Swift's best friend since childhood; the singer served as Maid of Honor at her wedding back in February.
Regarding Hiddleston, No one really understands the relationship he has with Swift.
Some call it a whirlwind romance, while others think it's a publicity stunt set up to benefit both parties.
The fact that these two have been dating for a full three minutes and have already gone on a holiday in Rome, and that Swift has met Hiddleston's mother, has everyone wondering what TF is going on.
By the way, all of this was captured by a photographer that some fans suspect was hired by the couple.
A few weeks ago, a source told Us Weekly that Hiddleston was biding his time. As soon as Swift and Calvin Harris broke up, Hiddleston was ready to make a move.
Not that Swift minded.
"He's hot, smart, talented, British - everything she's into," the source said.
Taylor Swift July Fourth Party: See the Photos!
Tags: Taylor Swift, Tom Hiddleston, Ryan Reynolds, Blake Lively
Taylor Swift Biography
Taylor Swift is the next big thing in country music. She hails from Pennsylvania and has a younger brother named Austin. Personally,... More »
Taylor Swift Accused of Bullying Former Label Boss
Taylor Swift: Justin Bieber Totally Cheated on Selena Gomez!
Kim Kardashian on Taylor Swift-Scooter Braun Feud: I'm Loving It!
Taylor Swift Photos
Taylor Swift Quotes
I think it's kind of fun to call out your ex-boyfriends. Like why do this if you're not gonna take the opportunity to always have the last word. It's so much fun.
Permalink: I think it's kind of fun to call out your ex-boyfriends. Like wh...
I saw that documentary on Britney Spears, and I feel bad for her—she can't leave her house!
Permalink: I saw that documentary on Britney Spears, and I feel bad for her...
Taylor Swift - "You Need to Calm Down"
Taylor Swift and Brendon Urie Dazzle with Live "Me!" Performance
Taylor Swift Drops New Music Video! Listen to "ME!"
Tori Spelling & Dean McDermott: Faking Illness to Get Out of Lawsuit?
Audrey Roloff and Jeremy Roloff: Expecting Baby #2!
Matt Roloff Surprises Caryn Chandler, Sticks It to Ex-Wife
David Eason Accuses Barbara Evans of Child Abuse, Teases "New Evidence" In Court
Tyler Skaggs, Los Angeles Angels Pitcher, Found Dead in Hotel Room


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← Family of VP George M.Dallas, James Dallas, An Anglican Priest of the Church of England.
Favorite Author Duane Swierczynski to speak at Free Library of Philadelphia (central ) Feb 26, 2015.
No tickets required. For Info: 215-567-4341.
Laura Lippman's detective fiction includes the popular Tess Monaghan series of novels, the New York Times bestselling What the Dead Know, and Every Secret Thing. Her books have won a plethora of crime and mystery book awards, including the Agatha, Edgar, and Nero. A former Baltimore Sun reporter, she now teaches writing at Goucher College. In Hush Hush, Tess Monaghan investigates a murderer who has returned to her uneasy family after a long absence. Duane Swierczynski is the author of numerous crime novels, including the Edgar-nominated Expiration Date, Secret Dead Men, and the Charlie Hardy trilogy. He has also written dozens of comics for both Marvel and D.C., and has published six works of nonfiction. In Canary, Swierczynski tells the story of a college student-turned-drug informant who must outsmart the criminals—and cops—who hold her life in the balance.
Aside | This entry was posted in Quaker City in the 1840's to 1860's and tagged Quaker City in the 1840's to 1860's. Bookmark the permalink.


Hang this bold feeder up in your yard and watch as the fun begins! This cheerful feeder features a durable glass container, 16 oz nectar capacity, and 4 feeding ports.
You will never have to worry about spilling again with this patented Perky-Pet® Colorful Swirls Glass Hummingbird Feeder. The recessed bottom works as a funnel for precision pouring. After filling with nectar, simply replace the plug and invert the feeder to activate the feeding ports.
Remember to clean your feeder once every 2-3 days with mild soap and water solution.
Pretty in the garden and easy to fill.


Lichenologists and mycologists being experts on ascomycetes are invited to participate in LIAS, a multi-authored Internet project. The underlying database application of the system is DiversityDescriptions, a component of the Diversity Workbench database suite.
Experts of certain taxonomic group of ascomycetes may act as LIAS authors for certain taxonomic group, having the responsibility alone or sharing with others. Public family data sets which are already maintained by one or a group of experts, are to be accessed under Data Entry and Revision.
For setting up a new family-level subproject, an author might select one of the families included in MYCONET Outline of Ascomycota. For setting up family specific characters templates, individual character states may be selected in the HTML descriptors form. In total, a set of nearly 1000, partly multi-state characters is provided for defining these family specific characters sets. For family specific data entry, HTML data submission templates are applied (http://www.lias.net/Taxa/DataEntry.html). LIAS authors should follow steps 1 to 5 in the Instructions for Participants. They may depose their data entries in a restricted working space without public access.
Experts may also participate as revisers of LIAS data sets that have already been entered by other specialists. Revisions, i. e. additions and corrections, are possible by using the forms under Data Entry and Revision by following step 5 of the Instructions for Participants.
Descriptive data as stored in LIAS may be applied as database-generated natural language descriptions for monographic treatments, for interactive identification keys and in the context of phylogenetic studies of character evolution. For details about the provided copyright, modules and web interfaces, see also Impressum.


2 How Do You Know If There Is A Tracker On Your Car?
4.1 Where is the best place to put a GPS tracker on a car?
GPS tracking devices are now commonly used by consumers for auto-theft security, or to track high-risk drivers such as newly licensed teenagers or senior citizens. The same location-based technology is also critical in assisting businesses with GPS fleet management applications such as routing, mileage documentation, and job costing. The truth is GPS tracking systems are now frequently called upon for a variety of reasons, leaving some drivers concerned a GPS tracker might be attached to the vehicle they operate. That same wonderment also results in the following question being asked: Is it illegal to track someone without their knowledge? First of all, it is highly recommended that anyone who believes they are being tracked illegally to contact the proper law enforcement authorities. Secondly, if a person believes a GPS tracker is on their vehicle they should start by scanning the automobile and searching for the most popular places GPS tracking devices are placed on cars.
How Do You Know If There Is A Tracker On Your Car?
GPS tracking devices are manufactured to connect to an OBDii port, be hard-wired to the vehicles' 12-volt system, or operate as a stand-alone, portable solutions.
GPS trackers (real time systems or GPS data loggers) can be placed on a vehicle in a few different ways. First of all, it is important to understand that the best GPS trackers are now designed as waterproof, compact solutions with exterior magnetic mounts. These design features allow users to easily place a GPS tracking device on the outside of a vehicle covertly, or hide the GPS tracking system inside the cab of the vehicle. Common hiding places for GPS trackers inside a car are underneath a seat, inside the glovebox, stuffed between a seat, in the pouch behind a seat, or inside the center console. However, the most popular place where GPS tracking devices are placed on cars is actually on the outside of the vehicle. Specifically, underneath the target car. This is because GPS trackers are engineered with highly sensitive internal antennas that can pickup GPS signals reflected off the ground!
Where is the best place to put a GPS tracker on a car?
Placing a GPS tracker underneath a vehicle is good for covert applications, but leaving a GPS exposed to the elements and other outside variables can lead to potential problems. Therefore, people wanting to know where is the best place to put a GPS tracker on a car should research tracking devices that connect to the OBDii port. The reason the OBDii port is often described as the best place to put a GPS tracker is because this location allows a user to never worry about battery-life. This is because GPS trackers plugged into the OBDii port pull power directly from the vehicle! Not to mention, OBDii port tracking devices are both cost-effective and not easily visible by a driver, making them ideal for small businesses.
GPS tracking devices that plug into the OBDii port are classified as real time GPS trackers and therefore require a a monthly subscription fee.
GPS tracking systems are used every day by hundreds of thousands of businesses and consumers, making GPS tracking a multi-billion dollar market. Therefore, it is very likely most people have driven in a car that was being tracked by GPS. However, those who believe they are being illegally tracked or wondering if it is against the law to put a tracking device on someone's car should contact an attorney, police officer or both.