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Justia Patents Having Significant Intermediate Network Unit (e.g., Hub, Substation, Etc.)US Patent Application for System and method for managing disparate video network devices through objects Patent Application (Application #20030028895)
System and method for managing disparate video network devices through objects
Nov 1, 2001 - VTEL Corporation
A system and method for accessing and managing disparate video network devices supports a user interface with an interface protocol communicating through a management adapter. The management adapter communicates with a device access layer that represents video network devices as objects, such as Management Beans, with a class of objects associated with a type of device. The objects translate communications from the management adapter into a protocol and attributes native to the device to allow the management adapter access to device attributes, which are then available to the user interface via the interface protocol. The device access layer thus establishes a proxy relationship so that video network devices are more easily interacted with and managed by applications communicating through the management adapter by a uniform protocol. The object attributes provide variables for the dynamic creation of a management information base associated with a device that aids a management application's management of disparate devices.
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[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/309,136, filed on Jul. 31, 2001, and entitled "System and Method for Managing Disparate Video Network Devices Through a Management Information Base."
[0002] This invention relates generally to video network communications, and more specifically relates to a system and method for managing video network devices.
[0003] Video conference calls have grown in popularity as the expense of video conferencing devices has decreased and the availability of broadband communication networks has increased. Businesses often prefer the more personal communication available through video conferences compared with telephone conferences, and also enjoy savings in travel costs while still having a personal presence among the participants that is not possible with audio only communications. The increased popularity of video conferencing has resulted in the deployment of video network devices in wide ranging disparate locations with the devices interfaced by business networks or the public network. Often, video calls involve the interfacing of video network devices manufactured by a variety of different manufacturers and using a variety of protocols and network communication interfaces.
[0004] As video network devices grow in number, the task of managing the devices, including scheduling, monitoring and diagnosing problems of the devices, grows in complexity. For instance, a single video network might interface with video end points, multi-call units known as multipoint control units (MCUs), and gateways each manufactured by different manufacturers and using different communication protocols and interfaces. Each of these devices may include specific management, maintenance and monitoring needs that makes central management of a network difficult to accomplish.
[0005] One difficulty with management of video devices is establishing a uniform representation of the devices for use by management applications. Different vendors of video conferencing devices typically use their own proprietary mechanisms for device management. A typical business video network includes devices from several vendors so that such video networks use multiple means to manage the devices. In addition to having widely different management user interfaces, many of these disparate video devices are accessible only through specific protocols, including SNMP, HTTP, telnet, RS-232, etc . . . Although MIB H.341, a multimedia Management Information Base (MIB), was accepted by a standards committee, few vendors implement this standard and many vendors lack the SNMP interface used by the standard.
[0006] Although the use of MIBs, such as MIBs available with Internet Protocol (IP) accessible devices having remote SNMP management, simplify device management, a certain degree of expertise is typically needed to access and use MIBs. A MIB for a particular device may be large with an extensive list of available attributes, attribute types and access properties so that an administrator typically must have a degree of familiarity with the MIB to locate specific information of interest, such as with a MIB browser. Further, the administrator may have to track multiple MIBs for a given device or devices with desired information distributed throughout the MIBs, making it difficult and inconvenient for the administrator to obtain a specific set of information in one place at one time. Of course, since disparate devices do not have uniform MIBs or, in some instance, are not supported by MIBs at all.
[0007] Without a uniform means of communicating with different types of devices, management applications have difficulty accessing disparate devices on a realtime basis and generally must be updated as devices on the video network are changed or reconfigured. Thus, video network operational staff is typically faced with a complex task of maintaining video networks by tracking changes to the network and updating management applications and devices on an individual basis. This increases the cost and complexity of video networks and also results in reduced reliability.
[0008] Therefore a need has arisen for a system and method which provide realtime management of disparate video network devices through a centralized video network platform.
[0009] A further need has arisen for a system and method which provides flexibility in adding or updating disparate video devices on a video network to reduce the complexity of managing the different types of video network devices.
[0010] A further need has arisen for a system and method which organizes network device attributes so that MIB variables or interest to a user are more easily accessible.
[0011] A further need has arisen for a system and method which provides SNMP management through a MIB for non-SNMP network devices.
[0012] In accordance with the present invention, a system and method are provided which substantially reduce the problems and disadvantages of managing network devices. Network devices are represented as objects having attributes that handle protocol conversion between a device native protocol and a management interface protocol and that translate management instructions into device-specific attribute instructions. The object attributes for a device are included in a dynamically created MIB for use by a management application so that the management application manages disparate devices having disparate native protocols by using a common management interface protocol.
[0013] More specifically, a video network platform includes a management adapter accessible to a user interface and a device access layer interfaced with the management adapter and the video network. The management adapter has a MIB that identifies video network devices associated with the video network. The device access layer represents the video network devices as objects operable to translate information from a format associated with the management adapter interface into a format associated with a video network device.
[0014] The management adapter is accessible to users and management applications through one or more user interfaces having an interface protocol. For instance, a commercially available network management system such as HP Openview provides a user interface to the management adapter using an interface protocol, such as SNMP, interfaced with an interface protocol adapter associated with the management adapter. The protocol adapter identifies video network devices by reference to a MIB, such as an H.341 compliant MIB. Alternatively, the protocol adapter looks up video network devices in target look up table.
[0015] Requests for communication with one or more video network devices are forwarded to a device access layer which associates the requested video network device with an object that represents the video network device. For instance, the management adapter requests access to a video network device using a device access layer protocol, such as RMI, that accesses a Management Bean object representing the video network device on the device access layer. The device access layer divides Management Beans into classes, with each class associated with a type of video network device, such as endpoint devices, gatekeeper devices, gateway devices, MCU device and network devices, such as routers. The Management Bean translates requests for access to the device from the format of the management adapter into the format used by the device to allow communication with and management of the video network device in its native format.
[0016] A MIB summation engine dynamically creates a MIB for a network device by selecting attributes of the management beans for the device along with variables from other MIBs so that the dynamically-created MIB has a user-specific structure in an order and organization of the user's choice. The dynamically-created MIB is usable in a network management application to manage the associated device so that the device will appear to expose only those variables of interest to the user associated with the MIB organized in a structure that makes sense without change to the device itself. For instance, a dynamically created MIB for a non-SNMP device aids an SNMP management application in the management of the device through an object, such as a management bean.
[0017] The present invention provides a number of important technical advantages. One important technical advantage is that disparate video network devices with different native formats are accessible from a video network platform that uses a defined format more easily accessible by a user interface. For instance, the management adapter establishes a common defined interface for a type of video network device, such as endpoint devices, thus allowing a user interface to communicate with a type of devices through the same interface. The management adapter accesses the video network devices through Management Beans with each device represented by a Management Bean that translates communications from the management adapter into the native format of the video network device. Types of devices are represented by classes of Management Beans to establish consistent interfaces.
[0018] Another important technical advantage of the present invention is that disparate video network devices are interfaced with a video network in a more simple manner. By representing types of devices as classes of Management Beans, the device access layer allows access by the management adapter of attributes of devices for user access and management of the devices. The device access layer applies Management Beans to translate communications between the management adapter format and the native format of the video network device so that new devices or changes to existing devices are more easily made accessible for management by modifying the device access layer Management Beans instead of the management applications or user interface.
[0019] Another important technical advantage is that dynamically created MIBs organize network device attributes so that MIB variables of interest to a user are more easily accessible. The MIB summation engine allows selection of variables for a MIB so that only variables of interest to a user associated with the dynamically-created MIB are exposed in an organization of the user's selection. This reduces the complexity of interacting with a large variety and number of different MIBs and MIB variables which may have varied natures depending upon the associated underlying device.
[0020] Another important technical advantage is that the dynamically-created MIB provides SNMP management for non-SNMP network devices. Network devices that do not offer SNMP management or that offer only partial SNMP management are accessible through object representations that expose variables of interest.
[0021] A more complete understanding of the present embodiments and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features, and wherein:
[0022] FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of video network platform providing access to video network devices through a management adapter and device access layer;
[0023] FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of a video network platform with standardized attributes for accessing video network devices;
[0024] FIGS. 3A and 3B depict block diagrams of a user interface for communicating with disparate video devices using MBeans; and
[0025] FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram for dynamic MIB creation for a video device.
[0026] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the FIGURES, like numerals being used to refer to like and corresponding parts of the various drawings.
[0027] Video networks typically deploy disparate video network devices manufactured by different vendors to communicate with different formats. For instance, a typical video network might deploy video endpoints manufactured by different vendors with one endpoint managed by a management application communicating via an SNMP format and another endpoint communicating with a management application via HTTP format. Larger networks are likely to include different types of video network devices, such as MCUs, gateways, gatekeepers and network devices, each of which is designed to communicate by different formats for management by vendor-specific applications.
[0028] A video network that deploys disparate video network devices often presents a challenge for staff to manage and maintain. For instance, several management applications may be needed to manage devices of a single type deployed in a video network, with each vendor having its own management application. As devices are added to the video network or changed on the video network, management applications may also change, increasing the complexity of maintaining the video network. If a business attempts to use only a single vendor, the business may face increased cost for devices and reduced selection and functionality. Thus, common management of video network devices by a central platform offers substantial improvements in terms of simplicity and cost as well as reliability.
[0029] Referring now to FIG. 1, the present invention provides a video network platform 10 that simplifies video network device management by offering access through a single common interface. A user interface 12, such as the HP Openview network management system, provides a uniform protocol, such as SNMP, which allows users and management applications to access video network devices in a consistent manner. Thus, a business may interface common video network management applications to manage disparate video devices, even devices that have native formats that are different from that of the management application.
[0030] User interface 12 interfaces with a management adapter 14 through an interface protocol 16 and an interface protocol adapter 18. Interface protocol adapter 18 allows the network operator to select different types of interface protocols 16 so that a variety of management applications using a variety of interface protocols may be used to manage video network devices. Interface protocol adapter 18 determines the video network device requested by user interface 12 and accesses that device through a query to a MIB 20. For instance, MIB 20 is an H.341 compliant MIB that provides standardized management of video network devices. If the request from user interface 12 can be satisfied by reference to MIB 20 or message target lookup table 24 accessed by device handler 22, such as when the attributes are part of the MIB that the management adapter implements, then management adapter 14 generates a response accordingly.
[0031] If the request from user interface 12 includes a message to a particular instance of a video network device, such as from the list of devices available from a MIB attribute, the device is accessed by setting an attribute in the MIB to a globally unique identifier for the device. For instance, interface protocol adapter 18 sends a message from user interface 12 to management adapter 14's MIB 20, vnp.managedDevices, that sets the vnp.managedDevices.targetDeviceGUID attribute to the globally unique identifier (guid) received for that device, such as managedDeviceTable.managedDeviceEntry. deviceGUID. Management adapter 14 then accesses device access layer 26 through a device access layer protocol 28, such as RMI.
[0032] Device access layer 26 stores object representations of devices that provide a uniform interface with management adapter 14 for types of devices. For instance, one object class exists for each of endpoint type, MCU type, gateway type, gatekeeper type and network device type of devices interfaced with the video network. The interface for each member of a class of objects is the same even though video network devices represented by objects of the class are of disparate types having different types of native formats. For instance, if device 30 is an endpoint device that communicates with SNMP protocol and device 32 is an endpoint device that communicates by Telnet protocol, both devices 30 and 32 are represented by objects of the same class having the same interface with management adapter 14. However, the object associated with device 30 translates communications from management adapter 14 into the native protocol of device 30 and the object associated with device 32 translates communications from the management adapter 14 into the native protocol of device 32. This architecture advantageously allows management adapter 14 to access device mechanisms for remote management in accordance with the H.341 standard even if a particular device does not support the standard. As devices are interfaced with the video network, objects are created to represent the devices without altering management adapter 14 or management applications that use management adapter 14 to manage video network devices.
[0033] In the embodiment depicted by FIG. 1, device access layer 26 is a Management Bean server that encapsulates device access into Management Beans according the to the Java Management Extensions (JMX) framework. A first class of Management Beans 34 represents video network devices of a first type with Management Beans 36. A second class of Management Beans 38 represents video network devices of a second type with Management Beans 40. For instance, endpoint devices are represented by the first class and MCU devices are represented by the second class. Each Management Bean supports a device protocol that supports an interface with its associated device. For instance, a Management Bean 36 that represents an endpoint device 30 may communicate with the SNMP protocol while another Management Bean 38 that represents an endpoint device 30 from a different vendor may communicate with HTTP or with the Telnet protocol.
[0034] The use of Management Beans to translate communications from external management applications for use by disparate video devices enables realtime access through a standardized naming scheme, effectively hiding the complexity of a video network and reducing the need for vendor specific management applications. Management adapter 14 allows users and management applications to read information based on the class of a device instead of specific vendor models and their associated protocols. Thus, for instance, an external SNMP manager for a type of device accesses device management information from a MIB and device specific information directly from devices even though the devices do not support an SNMP interface. In this way, video network complexity is reduced and user flexibility is increased.
[0035] Referring now to FIG. 2, an alternative embodiment of the present invention is depicted which supports plural SNMP managers to access management information as well as device specific information from video network platform 10. Standard attributes that are common across different types of video network devices are translated into device specific attributes.
[0036] User interfaces 12 provide access to video network platform 10 by plural network management systems. The network management system user interfaces 12 communicate with management adapter 14 through an interface protocol 16, such as SNMP, and interface adapter 18. Generally, the types of requests for information from the network management systems fall within three categories: 1.) requests for information associated directly with video network platform 10; 2.) requests for information associated with a video network device and available through an object representation of the device, such as an MBean representation; and 3.) requests for information associated with a video network device that is not represented by an object, such as a video network device having a proprietary MIB.
[0037] Requests for information represented as attributes are satisfied through interface adapter 18 in cooperation with device access layer 26 and provided to the network management system user interface 12 accordingly. Requests for information from devices are communicated through interface adapter 18 to either device handler 22 for devices represented by an MBean or through a device interface 46, such as a device-specific protocol like SNMP, for devices not represented by an MBean. A discovered device list 20 and target lookup table 24, such as may be made available through a MIB, aid in the identification of attributes for types of devices for the network.
[0038] For requests for a particular instance of a device, the network management system user interface 12 sets the managedDevices.vnpTargetDeviceID attribute from the VNPManagedDevices table 20 to a device identifier associated with the device. Management adapter 14 inserts an entry into target lookup table 24 to set a value of an indentifier, such as an IP address, for the network management system user interface 12 correlated to the device identifier. Interface adapter 18 routes messages to an MBean through device handler 22 and a desired device access layer protocol 28, or routes messages directly to the device using SNMP interface 46. Messages from the network management system 12 are forwarded to the device under management until network management user interface 12 sends a message to change the vnpTargetDeviceID attribute.
[0039] Interface protocol adapter 18 and device access layer 26 support both protocol conversion and attribute translation. For instance, a network management system user interface 12 uses SNMP to establish communications with a device 30 having a serial link 48 through an MBean 42. Similarly, an MBean 44 supports either an HTTP or SNMP interface with a device 32, which also has a direct SNMP interface 46 through interface adapter 18. Interface adapter 18 accesses standardized attributes 52 that translate to MBean supported attributes that are device specific based on device type. There is, for instance, a set of standardized attributes for each different device type. Interface adapter 18 communicates with device access layer 26 to perform attribute translation by determining whether the device supports the requested attribute and, if so, translating to the device specific attribute.
[0040] As an example, a network management system user interface 12 sets a TargetDeviceID to DeviceID3 and obtains attributes for device 32 through standardized attributes 52 having MBean supported attributes based on the type of device 50, such as a video endpoint, MCU, gateway, TCP/IP router or other network device. Protocol conversion and attribute translation performed by management adapter 14 via communication with standardized attributes through device access layer 26 are isolated from network management and other applications, thus simplifying the establishment of an interface between video network devices and video network management applications. Once an IP address is established for user interface 12 to communicate with a device, the user interface continues to use that IP address until communication with the device is complete, thus limiting the number of table look-ups required.
[0041] Referring now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, block diagrams depict the flow of information between a management adapter 14 and plural video devices 62 accomplished through MBean object representations 60 of the video devices 62. A user seeking information from or seeking to interact with a video device 62 selects the desired video device through management adapter 14, such as by selecting an icon representing the video device depicted by a graphical user interface associated with management adapter 14. For instance, clicking on the icon that represents a video network device associated with MBean1 60 results in an SNMP request to call a getAttribute, setAttribute or invoke for the video network device 62 associated with MBean1 60. The management adapter 14 acts as an MBean client that communicates over a device access layer protocol 56 with a device access layer MBean server 26.
[0042] Device access layer 26 includes MBeans 60 that represent the video devices 62 interfaced with the video network 64. The getAttribute, setAttribute and invoke requests from management adapter 14 are handled as a MBean client request to MBeans of device access layer 26 using device access layer protocol 28. MBeans 60 include attributes and operations to get, set or invoke the requested information from the selected video device 62 using the native protocol understood by the selected device, such as HTTP, SNMP, serial or custom protocols. For instance, MBean1 60 supports OID attributes and operations for SNMP, MBean2 60 supports URL attributes and operations for HTTP, and MBeanN supports custom coded attributes and operations.
[0043] Referring to FIG. 3B, a block diagram depicts that a MBean for a video network device supports one or more than one native protocol interface with a video network device 62. MBean 60 includes attributes and operations to invoke an SNMP, HTTP or custom accessor that in turn communicates over the native protocol of network device 62. Thus, the MBean 60 is adaptable as needed to establish communication over a variety of native protocols by having attributes and operations to call an appropriate accessor module for the native protocol. MBean 60 determines if get, set and invoke requests from management adapter 14 are supported by the associated video network device 62 and, if supported, perform attribute translation to provide the appropriate information to video network device 62.
[0044] Referring now to FIG. 4, a block diagram depicts the dynamic creation of MIBs that simplify support for applications interfacing with video devices through video network platform 10. IP-accessible video devices that provide remote SNMP management typically offer conventional MIBs to manage information associated with the video device. Such conventional MIBs are sometimes large and include many available attributes, attribute types and access properties, such as read and write access, for the video device. However, for complex networks with many video devices, conventional MIBs are unwieldy and difficult to work with. For instance, an administrator monitoring a number of remote devices, especially of disparate type, typically must access information with a MIB browser by knowing where, within each MIB, the information exists. With many disparate devices, information is distributed throughout a number of MIBs so that it is often inconvenient and indeed impossible to see a specific set of information in one place at one time. This difficulty is increased where a video network includes devices that do not offer SNMP management or MIBs, or only offer partial management and incomplete MIBS.
[0045] To improve access to information for a video device, a MIB summation engine 66 dynamically creates a MIB for a selected device by including the variables of interest to a defined user in an order and organization determined by the defined user. Variables for the dynamically created MIB are selected from existing MIBs and other sources so that the user-specific, dynamically-created MIB localizes variables of interest without complicating the use of those variables through the presence of unnecessary variables.
[0046] For instance, IP-accessible devices that have SNMP management typically include a private MIB 68 with a detailed list of variables specific to the device. When deployed to a video network, the video device may also have a standard MIB 70 that complies with the 1213 standard and other MIBs 72. MIB summation engine 66 accesses private MIB 68, standard MIB 70 and other MIBs 72 to dynamically create user-specific MIB 80 having selected variables organized in an order defined for the user.
[0047] In addition to those variables tracked by existing MIBs, other attributes are sometimes of interest to a user that are not available through an existing MIB. For instance, some video devices offer only partial MIBs with partial SNMP management or completely fail to offer SNMP management and MIBs all together. Thus, attributes of such video devices are not available to non-proprietary network management programs, such as HP Openview, unless the attributes are exposed for access, such as through SNMP. However, video network platform 10 provides exposure to variables of interest through representation of video devices as objects, such as MBeans. MIB summation engine 66 coordinates the inclusion of attributes exposed by MBeans through video network platform 10 into dynamically created MIBs 80. For instance, MIB summation engine 66 accesses lists such as expanded device attributes 74 which are non-SNMP based MBean attributes, known network attributes 76 and known device history 78 exposed through MBeans of video network platform 10 to allow inclusion of selected attributes from these list in a dynamically-created MIB 80. This advantageously allows a dynamically created MIB to include variables and attributes of interest for management of a video device without requiring any change to the underlying device itself.
[0048] MIB summation engine 66 provides a user interface to allow an administrator to select from attributes available from MIBs and objects associated with a video device, such as MIBs 68, 70 and 72 and from lists 74, 76 and 78. Once MIB summation engine 66 dynamically creates a MIB 80 with attributes and structure specific to a user, the dynamically-created MIB 80 can be taken to a network mode manager of the user's choice, such as HP Openview operating as a user interface to video network platform 10, to manage the video device associated with the dynamically-created MIB 80, such as described above through MBeans. This advantageously allows the user to view the device with the exact variables of interest to that user exposed through dynamically-created MIB 80 organized in a structure that makes the best sense for that user.
[0049] MIB summation engine 66 allows multiple MIBs to be created with different objectives in mind such as having a MIB with specific structure and content available to a pre-defined or restricted set of users, another MIB with super-users and yet another MIB that contains read-only variables. In the embodiment depicted by FIG. 4, the user interface for MIB summation engine 66 creates an organized tiered-folder MIB structure and places selected attributes within that structure. MIB summation engine 66 has dynamically-created three user-specific MIBs 80 with attributes selected from MIBs 68, 70 and 72 and from attribute lists 74, 76 and 78. MIB file 82 illustrates an example of attributes for dynamically-created MIB 80 with the file identifier of MIB53. A dynamic MIB OID translator table 88 is created with each MIB to translate the attributes from the dynamically-created MIB 80 to their source location.
[0050] Once stored on a network management system, such as a management application running on video network platform 10, MIB53 is available for access with a MIB browser or an external manager, such as an external SNMP node manager like HP Openview, which uses the device and user-specific MIB to point video network platform 10 to the associated video device. For instance, the video device is selected from a device list 84 that lists video devices associated with video network platform 10 and a target device look-up table 86 that associates individual network management system clients with the specific device they are accessing, such as network application identification with devices identification. Video network platform 10 uses dynamic MIB OID translator 88 to get information from devices with OIDs presented in dynamically-created MIB 82. For instance, translator table 90 for MIB53 references OID 1.1 to an MBean from expanded device attributes list 74 and OID 1.2 to a MIB attribute from standard MIB 70. With dynamic MIB 82 limited to variables of interest to the user of that MIB, relevant information is presented in a manner that allows the user to track the information in an organized manner over time.
[0051] Although the present invention has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appending claims.
1. A system for managing video network devices, the system comprising:
a management adapter accessible to a user interface, the management adapter having a list that identifies the video network devices; and
a device access layer interfaced with the management adapter and the video network devices, the device access layer representing the video network devices as objects to support management of the video network devices through the management adapter.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the device access layer represents the video network devices as Management Beans.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein each video network device communicates with the network through one of plural protocols, the Management Bean for a video network device communicating with the video network device in the protocol associated with the video network device.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the Management Beans communicate with the management adapter using a common protocol.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the video network devices have plural types, the device access layer representing each type of video network device as an object class.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein a video network device belongs to plural types, the device access layer representing the video network device as plural objects, each of the plural objects belonging to a class corresponding to the plural types.
7. The system of claim 5 wherein a video network device type comprises an endpoint type.
8. The system of claim 5 wherein a video network device type comprises an MCU type.
9. The system of claim 5 wherein a video network device type comprises a gatekeeper type.
10. The system of claim 5 wherein a video network device comprises a gateway type.
11. The system of claim 5 wherein a video network device comprises a network device type.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein the device access layer comprises a Management Bean server having Management Bean objects that correspond to the video network devices, each Management Bean object encapsulating attributes that support access to a video network device.
13. The system of claim 1 wherein the video network devices comprise one or more of plural device types, each device type having a common interface defined by a Management Bean class.
14. The system of claim 13 further comprising first and second video network devices interfaced with the device access layer, the first and second video network devices having a common device type represented by a common Management Bean class, the first video network device communicating with a first Management Bean by a first format, the second video device communicating with a second Management Bean by a second format, the first and second Management Beans communicating with the management adapter by a common format.
15. A method for communicating with first and second video network devices having first and second communication formats, the method comprising:
interfacing with a management platform through a management interface format to identify the video network devices;
associating the first video network device with a first object and the second video network device with a second object;
translating communication to the first video network device with the first object from the interface format to the first communication format; and
translating communication to the second video network device with the second object from the interface format to the second communication format.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the first and second objects comprise Management Beans.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the management interface format comprises SNMP.
18. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
dividing the video network devices into types of devices; and
establishing an object class for each type of video network device.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein each type of video network device has a common interface for exchanging data between an external interface and objects of the class associated with the type of video network device.
20. A method for interfacing an SNMP management application with network devices having disparate native interface protocols, the method comprising:
representing each device as a Management Bean stored on a server;
providing an SNMP management instruction for a device to an SNMP adapter;
communicating the SNMP management instruction using the SNMP adapter as a management bean client in communication with the server; and
communicating the SNMP management instruction from the server through the management bean representing the device to the device in the native protocol of the device.
associating the device receiving the SNMP management instruction with an IP address; and
communicating a second SNMP management instruction to the device with the IP address.
listing the network devices in a MIB; and
associating the network devices with IP addresses with the SNMP adapter.
communicating between the management bean client and the server with standardized attributes defined for each device.
24. The method of claim 20 wherein the network devices comprise video devices.
25. A system for interfacing plural network devices with an application through an SNMP interface, the network devices having disparate native protocols, the system comprising:
an adapter in communication with the application to accept SNMP instructions from the application for a network device;
an agent in communication with the adapter, the agent representing the network devices as objects having attributes;
wherein the adapter and agent cooperate to convert the SNMP instructions to the native protocol with the network device object attributes translated into requests to the network device in the native protocol of the network device.
26. The system of claim 25 wherein the network devices comprise video network devices.
27. A method for managing a video network having plural video devices, the method comprising:
representing each video device as an object having attributes;
communicating management instructions to the objects of the video devices; and
translating object attributes of the communication instructions into device-specific instructions to manage one or more of the video devices.
listing the attributes of an object that represents a video device; and
selecting one or more attributes to create a MIB for the video device.
selecting one or more variables from one or more pre-existing MIBs associated with the video device for inclusion with the created MIB.
30. The method of claim 28 wherein the created MIB cooperates with a management application for communicating management instructions to the object associated with the video device.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein the communication instructions comprises SNMP management instructions.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the object comprises a management bean.
33. The method of claim 28 wherein the created MIB consists of read-only variables.
34. The method of claim 28 wherein the created MIB comprises variables for a restricted set of users.
35. The method of claim 27 wherein the device specific instructions comprise non-SNMP instructions.
36. A system for managing a video network having plural video network devices, the system comprising:
plural objects, each object having attributes to represent a video network device;
one or more lists of the attributes;
one or more MIB having variables of the video network device; and
a MIB summation engine operational to select one or more attributes and one or more variables to dynamically create a MIB for a predetermined one of the video network devices.
37. The system of claim 36 wherein the created MIB comprises a structure associated with a predetermined and restricted set of users.
38. The system of claim 37 wherein the structure comprises a tiered folder structure.
39. The system of claim 36 wherein the created MIB comprises read only variables.
40. The system of claim 36 further comprising a management application associated with the video network and operational to manage the video devices.
41. The system of claim 40 wherein the management application comprises an SNMP application.
42. The system of claim 41 wherein the created MIB cooperates with the management application to manage the video network device.
43. The system of claim 42 wherein the object translates instructions from the management application to a protocol native to the network video device.
44. The system of claim 43 wherein the object comprises a management bean.
45. A method for managing disparate video network devices with an SNMP application, the disparate video network devices having disparate native protocols, the method comprising:
representing the video network devices as objects having attributes, the objects translating instructions from the SNMP application to a native protocol of the video network device associated with the object;
dynamically creating a MIB for a video network device from selected attributes of the object associated with the video network device; and
accessing the dynamically created MIB with the SNMP application to manage the associated video network device.
46. The method of claim 45 wherein dynamically creating further comprises:
dynamically creating the MIB from selected variables of pre-existing MIBs associated with the video network device.
creating a translator table to associate the attributes with the dynamically created MIB.
48. The method of claim 45 wherein the SNMP application comprises HP Openview.
49. The method of claim 45 wherein dynamically creating the MIB further comprises:
selecting attributes for inclusion in the MIB to customize the MIB for a specific user.
Filed: Nov 1, 2001
Publication Date: Feb 6, 2003
Applicant: VTEL Corporation (Austin, TX)
Inventors: Mark S. Buehler (Cedar Park, TX), Kurtis L. Seebaldt (Round Rock, TX), Victor M. Santiago (Round Rock, TX)
Application Number: 10039932
Current U.S. Class: Having Significant Intermediate Network Unit (e.g., Hub, Substation, Etc.) (725/119); Control Process (725/116); Communications Interface (725/147); Server Or Headend (725/91)
International Classification: H04N007/173; H04N007/16;


text:
Home / Literature / The Lottery / The Village: the Lottery
The Lottery: Summary Pages: 2 (676 words)
What does the Black Box Symbolize in "The Lottery" Pages: 2 (607 words)
The Lottery Themes Pages: 2 (638 words)
Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" through Psychoanalysis Pages: 2 (560 words)
The Lottery Vs. the Destructors Pages: 3 (943 words)
Attack on Mai Lai Village Pages: 2 (658 words)
The Village: the Lottery
Check out more papers on The Lottery
Fear is something we can encounter and which we can experience in different ways. In the movie The Village we come across many characters who all live in the woods isolated from the community. Those in the village are not permitted to step out of the woods because they believe they are surrounded by mysterious creatures. Another text I was able to read that is similar to the movie The Village is the text The Lottery. This text demonstrates a group of people who are dependent to a story. The character Mr.Summers runs the lottery every year in which one person is chosen to get murdered in a cruel way.
In the village the people wear traditional clothes and work in agriculture to be able to grow food for themselves. The people live free from any kind of technology or medicine, in a world far from the present time. Throughout the movie The Village we encounter how the villagers mention the phrase those we do not speak of. The people fear something they can't even understand but it's something they live with everyday. The elders of the village make sure to teach those of the next generation about the agreement made between those in the valley and the creatures who surround the woods. The fear of this idea that haunting creatures with large claws as they say can attack anyone who crosses the woods. The people in the village lose love ones everyday caused by diseases and they cant do nothing about it because they don't have the tools necessary. Due to the fear in the villagers they lack the courage to step out and see what's the actual danger that surrounds them.
In the text The Lottery we can see the same use of method in which there's a village and the people are celebrating until they up there is when they start to feel fear. Mr.Summers is the one who hosts activities for the village since it is known that he has plenty of time to do so. The people even feel sorry for him because he doesn't have a family of his own and his wife was someone who was often angry. For the people this becomes a tradition even the children have some type of participation in this violence. As we see in the beginning of the text we read how the children fill their pockets full of stones. The villagers themselves don't know the reason behind this ritual but they keep it going for years. Its becomes natural in which nobody stops to questions the need for someone to get murdered until you are the one chosen. Once you are marked not one person in the village will feel pity or sorrow, they will instantly forget who you were as a person.
In both the movie The Village and the text The Lottery characters encounter fear or express fear in one way or another. For example, the character Ivy Walker suffers from blindness as we discover from a scene. At the beginning of the movie she's seen as this fragile woman who wants to be loved by this guy named Lucius. Throughout the movie she's the one character who develops to be a strong and brave person. When Lucius gets stabbed by Noah this becomes a wake up call for Ivy. She's determined to go to the woods and find medicine to save her one true love. Even though she is blind she's willing to face and defeat those creatures that surround the woods, this demonstrates how her love for one person can overcome fear. In the text The Lottery we have a character name Tessie Hutchinson who seen in society as a good housewife. The author builds up a character in which she's excited every year to participate but once her family is chosen she has something to say. Tessie mentions It isn't fair right, Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they were upon her. This demonstrates how Tessie protests the lottery and believes its unfair the way she has to die. The people in this village live in a governed society in which they think it's all games but everyone is actually in danger.
Now in society people would like to keep their children from bad habits so they can grow up away from any kind of violence. In the movie The Village the elders cause this fear in the villagers as a method to control their town. The elders use this method to protect their own from the real world as a way to keep them from ones curiosity. For example, the concept of money can be a big deal to people. The need for money can trick people into doing things they shouldn't be doing. Money was not a role to the people in the town because throughout their lives they have learned to be independent. Colors were also a major aspect to the people such as the color red it represents evil and violence. It was seen that the elders had secrets of their own from the outside world which they hid from the villagers.
Tessie's death symbolizes how now in society we see in the news how violence has shaped our world. This tradition the people call has made them blind towards what is really going on. For example, a situation that is common such as persecuting someone with no valid reasons. They think they doing right by the law. Another, example that is similar to the lottery in society is bullying. Now a days bullying is something that is common in the schools or in social media. Many are blind to see what bullying can cause to others. In the text noticed how the students were excited to gather and participate in the violence. This can relate to bullying because the one who's being aggressive can have a different mind set. In other words bullies think it's fun or a game to be aggressive with others.
In my opinion we can't always keep people from doing bad decisions but we can always orientate one. For example, as a parent one wants the best for our children so they teach us from right and wrong. Religion, education and music can influence our lives in many ways. Following a religion can teach us that murder or violence is wrong and we shouldnt do it. As a young child we group we that idea in which we develop as we grow older. In school we learn the consequences of such actions like murder which helps know that it's wrong. The idea of having an education has become something important it because without it were nothing. For example, my parents stress out the idea that we should learn from their past and to become someone stable doing a job we really enjoy. As we grow up we learn different ways to view life based on our culture aspects.
Overall, the movie and the text both provide real world situations such as violence or keeping those we love away from being ambitious. Fear is definitely a feeling that can consume us from trying out new experiences. The feeling of being fear played a big role in both stories because characters would lack the courage to speak up and stop what was going on.
The Village: The Lottery. (2019, Dec 31). Retrieved January 31, 2023 , from
https://studydriver.com/the-village-the-lottery/
The Lottery: Fictional Story about a very Peculiar Village
Short Story Analysis of "The Lottery"
"The Lottery" Shirley Jackson (foreshadowing)
Central Idea of "The Lottery"
A Character Analysis of Old Man Warner in Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery"
What does "The Lottery" Symbolize?
The Lottery Analysis
A Literary Analysis of "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson
The Lottery: Plot Overview

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
STOCKDALE, Michael Ernest - Fountain County INGenWeb Project
STOCKDALE, Michael Ernest
Source: Crawfordsville Journal Review 24 Dec 1965 p 4 typed by Walt W
Wingate -- Ernest Stockdale, 57, for many years in the poultry business here, was fatally stricken in front of the Stockdale Poultry Co. building Thursday morning. His body was found at 11 a.m. by Claude McCauley, who had gone there on business, lying on the ground just outside the building. Born Nov. 19, 1908, near Wingate in Coal Creek Township, he was a son of William Henry and Mary Arilla Neal Stockdale. He was a Wingate High School graduate and attended business college at Danville, Ill. He lived in and near Wingate all his life. Mr. Stockdale was married Dec. 31, 1935 to Mary Ruger, who preceded him in death. On Oct. 13, 1946 he was wed to Beatrice Bland of Nashville, Tenn., who survives and with whom he operated the Wingate Restaurant. He began in the poultry business with the late Ben Utterback in 1945 after serving in 1942-45 as a tech sergeant with the U.S. Army in North Africa and France. Mr. Stockdale had owned the poultry firm since 1960. He was a member of the United Church of Christ and a charter member of American Legion Post 174. Surviving besides the wife are a son, John R. of Terre Haute; two granddaughters and a grandson; five sisters, Mrs. Edith Foley and Mrs. Alta Utterback of Wingate, Mrs. Hallie Palin of Rt. 1 Wingate; Mrs. Neta Walsh of Chicago and Mrs. Opela Yetter of Indianapolis; two brothers, Walter of Durand, Ill., and Gordon N., Wingate postmaster, and nieces and nephews. Funeral services are announced for 2:30 p.m. Sunday at Servies Funeral Home in Waynetown. Rev. Scott Comrie will officiate, and burial will be in Rose Hill Cemetery at Hillsboro. Friends may call at the funeral home after 6 p.m. Saturday.
Source: obituary in a scrapbook from a collection of Fauniel Hershberger's typed by Walt W
Wingate -- Funeral services for Michael Ernest Stockdale who died unexpectedly Thursday, were held at 2:30 Sunday afternoon at the Servies Funeral Home in Waynetown. The minister was the Rev. G. S. Comrie, pastor of Pleasant Hill Church. Mrs. James Grenard, organist, played a group favorite hymns. The pall bearers were nephews, Donald Palin, David Palin, Fred Stockdale, William Stockdale, Donald Stockdale and Richard Martin. Interment was in Rose Hill Cemetery Hillsboro. There, Wiley Robbins and Don Gross of the American Legion Post No. 174 who had attended services in a group, folded the Flag from the casket and presented it to Mrs. Stockdale. Michael Ernest Stockdale was born Nov. 19, 1908, in Coal Creek township, near Wingate, the son of William Henry and Mary Arilla Stockdale, and lived all his life in this county. On Dec. 31, 1935 he married Mary Ruger, who is now deceased. On Oct. 13, 1946, he married Beatrice Bland of Nashville, Tenn. Ernest was a member of the Wingate United Church of Christ, a charter member of American Legion Post No. 174 of Wingate. He was a graduate of Wingate school, attended Danville Business College as an accountant. He served in World War II 1942-1945 as Technical Sergeant, saw service in North Africa and South France. Mr. Stockdale began in the poultry business with the late Ben Utterback in 1945, and became owner of the business in 1960. It was in front of the poultry building that he was found lying lifeless on the ground, by Claud McCauley who had gone there on a business errand. He had suffered a heart attack. Mr, and Mrs. Stockdale operated the up-town restaurant, which Mrs. Stockdale will continue to operate. Mr. Stockdale is survived by his wife, one son John R. Stockdale, two granddaughters and one grandson of Terre Haute, five sisters Mrs. Edith Foley and Mrs. Alta Utterback of Wingate, Mrs. Hallie Palin of Route 1, Wingate, Mrs. Oneta Walsh of Chicago, Ill., and Mrs. Opal Yetter of Indianapolis; two brothers, Walter Stockdale of Durand, Ill. and Gordon N. Stockdale of Wingate and a number of nieces and nephews.


text:
PPF seeks justice for Nigerian Journalist
April 26, 2017 Asianet Pakistan Africa 0
Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF), in a letter to Muhammadu Buhari, President of Nigeria expressed serious concern over killing of Famous Giobaro, a journalist working with Glory FM, Bayelsa State-owned radio station.
PPF Secretary General Owais Aslam Ali urged the government of Nigeria to investigate speedy and thoroughly this matter and ensure that the perpetrators of this dreadful act to be brought to justice and urges to ensure the safe environment in the country for media practitioners to carry out their professional duties.
According to the International Press Centre (IPC), unknown gunmen shot and killed Giobaro on April 16, 2017 at his residence in Yenagoa, in the Bayelsa State in Nigeria.
Giobaro, who worked as a Desk Editor in the station, was reportedly shot several times in the stomach. The gunmen left without stealing anything. According to reports, the gunmen gained access into Giobaro's house with the help of a ladder after cutting the barbwires.
The killing of the journalist brings serious concerns for the safety of journalists in Nigeria.
PPF welcomes the restoration of internet access in the two regions of Cameroon
Government Announces New Measures to Help Employees Affected by Phenix


Learn how to crochet the Octagon & Squares Throw. In this video series, there are 3 videos. This video is focusing on the assembly of the throw. In Video 1, we will do the octagon motif. In video 2 we created the squares. In video 3 we will the assembly of this afghan.


text:
Lepow 15.6-Inch USB-C Portable Monitor Review
By Tony Hoffman
Roomy screen and moderate price for a portable panel.
Handy OSD menu and controls.
Both USB-C and mini-HDMI inputs.
Mediocre image quality with dull colors.
Stand does not support portrait orientation.
The Lepow 15.6-Inch USB-C Portable Monitor is a moderately priced 1080p display with both USB-C and HDMI connectivity, but its pinched color gamut makes for dull reds and purples.
The Lepow 15.6-inch Portable Monitor ($169.99) is one of the better large-screen mobile displays we've tested, thanks to its 1080p native resolution and a wider selection of inputs than you'll find on most briefcase monitors. But although its pixel count is good and the screen is roomy, its colors look flat (a common issue among recent portable monitors). That makes it best for productivity use, though it's okay for casual video or photo consumption. If you shop carefully, you may be able to pick it up at a bargain price. Note, though, that most competing portable monitors, including our Editors' Choice pick, use smaller 14-inch panels.
An Offer I Couldn't Refuse
Over the past year, we have been ramping up our coverage of portable monitors, and have come across some good-to-excellent ones, such as the HP EliteDisplay S14 and the Editors' Choice Lenovo ThinkVision M14. But for every laptop companion display from well-known brands like those, as well as stalwarts such as Asus and AOC, you can find more from obscure vendors such as GeChic, Elecrow, Eyoyo, and Lepow.
Best for Budget-Conscious Road Warriors
AOC I1601FWUX USB-C Portable Monitor
Best for Business Travelers
$249.00 at Lenovo
HP EliteDisplay S14 USB Portable Monitor
$219.00 at HP
Best for Casual Gamers
Hori Portable HD Gaming Monitor Pro
Best for Travelers
AOC I1659FWUX USB Monitor
Best for Graphic Artists on the Move
Wacom Cintiq 16
Normally, manufacturers loan us products to test, and we return them once the review is published. But during Amazon's recent Black Friday/Cyber Monday sales, I noticed the 15.6-inch Lepow marked down from $169.99 to $109, a rare price for a mobile monitor of its screen size. So I ordered one for myself, with the intention of also reviewing it. The monitor arrived in two days. I've taken it through its paces, and although it's not perfect, I have no regrets about buying it.
Based in Shenzhen, China, Lepow is a global operation with a US presence. A quick look at the Lepow website might give you the impression that it's a fly-by-night operation—the text on the About page is all Latin "Lorem ipsum" dummy copy, and the Contact Us page includes the address 115 Main Street, Somewhere, USA, and the email address [email protected]. (The site does contain the disclaimer "For development purposes only.") Fortunately, Amazon customers give the monitor an average rating of 4.5 stars, and the user guide provides plenty of information including support contact info.
A matte-black slab with rounded corners, the Lepow monitor measures 0.3 by 14.4 by 8.7 inches and weighs just 1.7 pounds. The bezels are relatively thin for a mobile monitor: 0.25 inch at the top, 0.4 inch on each side, and 0.8 inch below. On the unit's left edge are a mini-HDMI port, a USB-C port, and a 3.5mm audio-out jack...
On the right edge are the power button, a wheel for navigating the onscreen display (OSD), and another USB-C port, this one for powering the display. There's also a speaker grille on each side.
The Lepow comes with a protective cover, matte black on one side and gray on the other, that doubles as a foldable stand. Unlike the HP EliteDisplay S14 and the AOC I1601FWUX, whose covers protect only the display panel, the Lepow cover's folds around the display to shield both front and back.
As with similar stands we've encountered, one edge contains a magnetized strip that adheres to and props up the top rear of the monitor, while the display's bottom edge fits into one of two grooves to give you a little control over its tilt angle. There is no height adjustment.
The stand supports only landscape mode, unlike that of the AOC I1601FWUX, which can also hold the panel in portrait mode once you pivot it by hand. You can prop up the screen, however, against a surface in a vertical orientation or lay it flat in front of you. The included user guide shows you how to rotate the onscreen image to portrait mode in Windows to match the monitor's physical rotation.
Connectivity Choices
While the AOC I1601FWUX and the HP EliteDisplay S14 each comes with a single USB Type-C port, and the Lenovo ThinkVision M14 has a pair of them, the 15.6-inch Lepow includes two USB-C ports and one mini-HDMI port. While one of the former supports video input (using DisplayPort over USB, which allows data, video, and power transfer), the other is strictly for powering the monitor in situations where the host device can't handle the power load. Lepow bundles a USB-Type-C-to-A cord and an AC adapter for this purpose. The Lepow can also be powered from a laptop. I mostly ran it connected via USB Type-C cable to my Dell XPS 13 ultraportable, with the Lepow panel drawing its power from that notebook.
The selection of ports lets you connect the display to a gaming console such as a Sony PlayStation 3, a PS4, an Xbox One, or a Nintendo Switch, and even to some smartphones, in addition to a laptop or desktop.
A Look at the OSD
You can access the device's onscreen display (OSD) using the aforementioned wheel (a.k.a. roll key), which is in effect a small button on a tiny geared wheel. You can either push the button in (to open the OSD or select a menu choice) or rotate the wheel up or down (to navigate between menu items or adjust values such as brightness or contrast). While not as easy as the mini-joystick controls of many desktop monitors, the wheel proved a cinch to use with a little practice. I preferred it to the multi-button control systems still found on many mobile and desktop displays alike.
The first menu choice, labeled Brightness, lets you control brightness, contrast, black level, and sharpness over a range of 0 to 100. (Note that when you turn on the Lepow, its brightness defaults to 30 percent, so unless you plan to be away from a power source other than your laptop for a long time, you may want to turn it up.) Next is the Image menu. The first item, called Eco, lets you choose among six picture modes: Standard, Game, Movie, Text, RTS, and FPS. The second, DCR, lets you enable or disable dynamic contrast ratio. The third, Aspect, lets you choose between a 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio or the classic 4:3 ratio.
From the Color Temperature menu, you can choose among Cool, Warm, and a user mode that lets you set red, green, and blue values individually. Then there are three OSD Setting menus, which let you perform tasks such as choosing a language, muting or adjusting the speaker volume, selecting a port (USB-C or HDMI) for the signal source, enabling a low-blue-light mode, performing a factory reset, and enabling or disabling the high dynamic range (HDR) mode, which I'll discuss below.
Color and Brightness Testing
As usual, I did our luminance and color testing in standard mode using a Klein K10-A colorimeter, a Murideo Six-G signal generator, an X-Rite i1Basic Pro 2 color profiler, and Portrait Displays' CalMAN 5 software. Lepow rates the 15.6-inch Portable Monitor's luminance at 300 nits (candelas per meter squared), a very bright rating for a mobile display, but I measured only 169 nits. This is within the narrow brightness range in which most mobile monitors fall; a notable exception is the Editors' Choice Lenovo ThinkVision M14, which produced a sunny 280 nits in our testing.
The Lepow is the first mobile monitor I've reviewed that has an HDR mode. Labeled 2,084, the setting is essentially the HDR10 standard used in nearly all HDR monitors. I went into the Windows 10 display menu and checked the Windows HD Color settings, but they showed no indication that the Lepow could support HD video or gaming, which is unusual because almost every HDR-enabled monitor that we've tested over an HDMI connection can. This led me to suspect an HDR emulation—that is, various tweaks to color, contrast, and brightness designed to simulate true HDR. Nonetheless, I ran the monitor through our tests again with the HDR setting enabled, and it showed a boost in brightness to 196 nits. I measured its contrast ratio at 1,146:1, a bit greater than its 1,000:1 rating.
A Pinched Color Gamut
In our color testing, the Lepow covered just 65.4 percent of the sRGB color space (see the chromaticity chart below). The triangle represents the colors that comprise sRGB—essentially, all the colors that can be made by mixing different percentages of red, green, and blue. The white boxes show where the data points would be for a monitor that covers the full sRGB space. Things were no better when I ran the test a second time, but in HDR mode.
Several of our test points—the black circles—are well within the triangle, indicating that this panel can display about two-thirds of the sRGB colors, especially toward the red/purple/blue part of the spectrum. The blue circle is slightly outside of the triangle, meaning the Lepow covers a tiny range of blues and greens beyond the sRGB spectrum.
Most desktop monitors exceed 90 percent in their sRGB coverage, as do a few mobile monitors—the Lenovo ThinkVision M14 wowed us with 97 percent. Most recent portable monitors have tested closer to the Lepow; the AOC covered a mere 61.4 percent of sRGB. The HP EliteDisplay S14 and the Hori Portable Gaming Monitor Pro, though we did not measure their color gamuts by percentage, showed the same pattern, with the crimped color space on the red/purple side of the spectrum and the blue point out of the triangle and toward the green, leading me to suspect that all these panels except the Lenovo's came from the same source.
Subjectively, I tested the Lepow at home, in coffee shops, and in the office by viewing our usual selection of photos, video clips, and websites, as well as working with office documents. The results were similar over both USB-C and HDMI connections. As expected based on our color testing, reds and purples frequently looked muted (see the photo below).
This renders the monitor fine for business or casual use, but a poor choice for videophiles or photo editors.
HDR: Seeing Red
I also tried the HDR feature with both photos and videos over both USB-C and HDMI connections. It definitely had an effect, increasing contrast and punching up the color, but to a point that sometimes bordered on the garish. This may provide one advantage in gaming—it's harder for an enemy to hide from you. Reds were significantly oversaturated, to the point that, on looking at a photo of myself sitting in a faux Game of Thrones Iron Throne at an event I'd attended, I found myself wondering when Westeros had acquired a red king.
As mentioned, the Lepow is one of the few mobile monitors with built-in speakers. Sound from the two 1-watt speakers was clear but feeble, so I switched the audio output back to my laptop with its louder speakers. The Lepow's own would be of most use to people connecting from a video source without speakers, such as a game console. There is a 3.5mm audio-out jack to connect to headphones or a set of powered speakers. Either would be a better bet.
See How We Test Monitors
Lepow provides a three-year warranty for the display, which is typical of monitor warranties.
At a Sale Price, Money Well Spent
I'm glad that I acquired the 15.6-Inch Lepow Portable Monitor while it was on sale. It lets me bring a second screen larger than my laptop's on the road with me, and it provides both USB-C and HDMI connectivity. I can power it either from an AC adapter or from my laptop. Its only significant downsides are its limited gamut and dull colors, which make it a less-than-ideal choice for watching movies or working with photos.
Although I can no longer find it for $109, even at its list price of $169.99 the Lepow is not a bad deal. This is less than you'd pay for the similarly equipped AOC I1601FWUX, which has the same screen size and resolution and similar color issues but just a single USB port. Should you want a really good mobile monitor for both personal and business use, however, I suggest you spring for our current Editors' Choice Lenovo ThinkVision M14. Not only does it have the widest color gamut of all the portable monitors we've tested recently, but it's also much brighter. And instead of a relatively flimsy foldable stand and protective cover, it uses a hinged panel that attaches to a small base that houses its ports, giving it a wide range of tilt angles.
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About Tony Hoffman
As Analyst for printers, scanners, and projectors, Tony Hoffman tests and reviews these products and provides news coverage for these categories. Tony has worked at PC Magazine since 2004, first as a Staff Editor, then as Reviews Editor, and more recently as Managing Editor for the printers, scanners, and projectors team. In addition to editing, Tony has written articles on digital photography and reviews of digital cameras, PCs, and iPhone apps Prior to joining the PCMag team, Tony worked for 17 years in magazine and journal production at Springer-Verlag New York. As a freelance writer, he's written articles for Grolier's Encylopedia, Health, Equities, and other publications. He won an award from the American Astronomical Society for an article he co-wrote for Sky & Telescope. He serves on the Board of Directors of the Amateur Astronomers Association of New York and is a regular columnist for the club's newsletter, Eyepiece. He is an active observer and astrophotographer, and a participant in online astronomy projects such as hunting for comets in images from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Tony's work as an amateur photographer has appeared on various Web sites. He specializes in landscapes (natural and manmade).
Read the latest from Tony Hoffman
Asus ZenScreen Go (MB16AP) Review
Asus ZenScreen (MB16ACE) Review
Asus ZenScreen Touch (MB16AMT) Review
AOC I1601FWUX USB-C Portable Monitor Review
Polaroid PlaySmart 3D Printer Review
More from Tony Hoffman


text:
Trump 'wins in a reality show and loses in reality': Democrats' endgame is coming into focus
Bob Brigham
Following the public release of special counsel Robert Mueller's report, the different endgame strategies Democrats will employ against President Donald Trump are coming into focus.
On Friday, Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) became the first 2020 candidate to call for the House of Representatives to initiate impeachment proceedings against Trump. Former HUD Secretary Castro told MSNBC's Ali Velshi on Saturday he thinks it would be "perfectly reasonable" for Congress to pursue impeachment.
"Now that the dam has broken, now that Elizabeth Warren has taken this step, crossed the Rubicon — whatever metaphor you want to use — how many others will now follow?" NBC News national affairs analyst John Heilemann wondered while being interviewed by Nicolle Wallace on Friday.
"We could well now see a rush — not of all the Democratic candidates — but now that she's taken that position, you can quickly see a lot of them in this position because it's not a coordinated thing," Heilemann explained. "All of these candidates are acting in their own interest because she's taken a position that will get her traction with a large segment of the nominating electorate and a lot of people are going to feel a lot of pressure over this weekend to follow on that path."
Meanwhile, House Democrats are stepping up their messaging efforts against Trump, The Washington Post reported Saturday.
"House Democrats, meanwhile, plan to take on the separate task of trying to distill and publicize the most alarming parts of the Mueller report in hopes of making the president's behavior in office feel consequential for more voters," The Post noted. "They are preparing a rival reality show of their own through hearings with Attorney General William P. Barr and others. Democrats privately say their models are the Watergate hearings into President Richard M. Nixon's misdeeds and the Republican hearings about the 2012 Benghazi attack, which were designed to damage Clinton's reputation."
"Donald Trump wins in a reality show and loses in reality," Democratic strategist Jesse Ferguson said. "If he is able to brand things like a reality show host, he will win the debate. But that only works until people start to see the consequences."
"Conduct a follow-through investigation out of the committees that is really just an attempt to enter into the record that which most of the public will never read in the Mueller report. Turn it into something that gets played out on a very public stage," Democratic strategist Brian Fallon suggested.


The beauty and the warmth of the solid wood is embellished by the original and charming design of this scandinavian furnishing item.
Tripod side table is perfect in the living room, entrance or bedroom. It is very versatile thanks to its clean and elegant lines and it is suitable for every environment.
This round side table is entirely made of solid wood, available in natural oak or black stained oak.
L - 70 cm of diameter, height 60 cm.
Available on request also canaletto walnut or teak version with ∅46 cm top. Please ask the Customer Service for more information.


text:
Q: Resetting specific timeout based on an id I want to call a method that posts an answer after an input change. To avoid several posts i tried to reset that timeout if another input change has happened. Is there any smart way of doing this?
This is for an angular project that posts answers for multiple different questions. So i need to make sure the code doesnt cancel the wrong timeout
var calls = {};
function postAnswer(answer) {
    if(calls[answer.id]) {
        clearTimeout(calls[answer.id]);
        console.log('cleared ' + answer.id);
    }
    calls[answer.id] = setTimeout(() => {
        console.log("posted " + answer.id)
        delete calls[answer.id];
    }, 2000)
}

There might be some sort of method i dont know of. For example in RxJS or somewhere

A: I think you need to use de-bouncing here. In rxJs debouncing operator is useful to do same in angular. debounceTime(2000). So, whenever user stops typing after 2000-ms events got fired. this is statckblitz link can help you.. DebounceDemo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Людвик Гольмер (, в России Людовик Карлович Гольмер; ,  — , ) — польский  и .

Сын учителя музыки. Окончил Варшавский институт музыки (1888), ученик Рудольфа Штробля, изучал также теорию музыки под руководством Зыгмунта Носковского.

Приобрёл наибольшую известность как аккомпаниатор, выступая с такими солистами, как скрипачи Леопольд Ауэр, Станислав Барцевич, Павел Коханьский, певец Маттиа Баттистини; с Барцевичем предпринял совместное европейское турне, в ходе которого выступал и как солист, и как аккомпаниатор.

С 1898 г. преподавал в Варшавском институте музыки, с 1910 г. был также аккомпаниатором в оперном классе. С началом Первой мировой войны отправился на восток, в 1915—1917 гг. корепетитор Московской консерватории.

В 1917 г. вместе с Николаем Рославцом основал музыкальную школу в Ельце и до 1919 г. был её директором; организовывал в городе концерты симфонической музыки и спектакли оперетты. После этого вернулся в Варшаву. Умер от болезни сердца.

Гольмеру принадлежало некоторое количество лёгкой фортепианной музыки: вальсы, мазурки, этюды. Его архив погиб во время Второй мировой войны.

Академические музыканты Польши
Персоналии:Елец
Выпускники Музыкального университета имени Фридерика Шопена
Преподаватели Музыкального университета имени Фридерика Шопена
Преподаватели Московской консерватории

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Education Policy | Post Primary | Preschool | Primary | Tertiary | Search
Scoop  Education
Sexuality Education Programmes Target Maaori Youth
Friday, 8 December 2000, 9:00 am
Press Release: Te Puawai Tapu
In the last two years, the sexuality education programmes run by Te Puawai Tapu have become popular with both Maaori and non-Maaori youth, community groups and schools. The Health Funding Authority contracts Te Puawai Tapu to develop and deliver sexuality education programmes in the greater Wellington region.
Mana College's principal, Mike Webster says the courses have encouraged his pupils to think more maturely. "The courses are good value. The young facilitators do a great job of delivering sensitive material in a creative way." Mike says he's also impressed with the way Te Puawai Tapu works closely with the staff and the school community before introducing its programmes. "All the parents and the Board of Trustees were consulted on the programme and parents had the chance to join in on evening classes run by adult educators."
Tumuwhakahaere, Pania Ellison says the programmes are delivered by young Maaori peer educators who undergo extensive sexuality training and are well-equipped with tools and methods of creative learning. She says the classes aren't just about talking to rangatahi/youth about condoms and STDs. "While young people need to know the negative consequences of un-protected sex they also need to know enough about themselves and their personal values to make informed, conscious decisions about their sexuality. We're encouraging them not to make a quantum leap from 0-10 in their sexual behaviour."
For the first time this year, Te Puawai Tapu has run it's courses at whare kura. Pania Ellison says she's thrilled two Maaori language secondary schools in Otaki agreed to take up the programme. She says it's an important development because while sexuality education is patchy throughout the public school system, it's almost non-existent in whare kura and kura kaupapa. "There appears to be very few Maaori language resources on human sexuality. At the moment, we deliver our programmes to kura kaupapa kids in English under their 25% English language quota. Our long-term goal is to employ educators who can deliver our programmes in the Maaori language."
Te Puawai Tapu kaumaatua, Anne Delamere from Te Whaanau-aa-Apanui and Te Arawa thinks the idea of delivering the sexuality eduation programmes in te reo Maaori it's very much on the programme. "If we're serious about valuing te reo Maaori than I think it's important that we deliver our programmes in the Maaori language. All the vocabulary and concepts are there, it's just a matter of familiarising people with some of the more technical terms. I use the word puukoro for condom which means a sheath. These days most people only use the word puukoro to mean pocket!"
This Friday afternoon on the 8th December 2000, Te Puawai Tapu will be opening it's new seminar room to accommodate the growing demand for it's courses. It's also an opportunity for this front-running "for Maaori by Maaori" organisation to celebrate ten years in existance. Te Puawai Tapu provides both national policy advice and community-based education programmes to improve the sexual and reproductive health of Maori.
For more information or to arrange media interviews, please contact Sandi Barr.
PH: 04 386 2634, FX: 04 386 2648, EM: ktprincess@xtra.co.nz
Find more from Te Puawai Tapu on InfoPages.


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Managing infectious disease risk in a low-resources environment, and where security is constantly a risk, has been the challenge of my medical career in Kabul. Join me to discuss how resources, accountability, and management are involved in making Afghanistan's health system work better to save more lives. From diagnostic testing to treatment protocol, from everyday hospital hygiene to more complex surgeries, we are making slow but certain progress. I'm confident that Afghanistan can do better.
As a lecturer at Rabia Balkhi University, I have watched and participated in the development of Kabul's hospital system. My work takes me every day to the front lines with communicable viruses, bacterial infection and the simple problem of hand-washing.
Break down every problem into its smallest parts, and you begin to realize that you really can make a difference, and you really will see improvement. The first challenge is to see problems accurately and honestly. And the next challenge is to get more people thinking this way.


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Who Was Afraid of Ray Bradbury & Science Fiction? The FBI, It Turns Out (1959)
in History, Sci Fi | August 25th, 2015 3 Comments
When you think of the most astute minds of our time, you might well think of Ray Bradbury's — but you probably don't think of him as one of the most astute terrorist minds of our time. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, however, saw things differently. Collaborative news site MuckRock found that out through files "released to former MuckRocker Inkoo Kang [which] document the decade the Bureau spent trying to determine if Bradbury was, if not a card-carrying Communist, at least a sympathetic 'fellow traveler.'" See snippets of documents here from 1959.
You can view the files themselves, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, at MuckRock. There, the site's JPat Brown also summarizes the organization's basis for suspicion against the author: his "membership in the Screen Writer's Guild, as well as his vocal opposition to McCarthyism, drew particular attention," as did the use in The Martian Chronicles of the "repeated theme that earthmen are despoilers and not developers." Not just Bradbury's work but the whole of science fiction, which informant Martin Berkeley calls a possibly "lucrative field for the introduction of Communist ideology," comes in for an indictment.
"Communists have found fertile opportunities for development," Berkeley says, "for spreading distrust and lack of confidence in America [sic] institutions in the area of Science Fiction writing." Another, unsurprisingly clearer view of the genre comes from Bradbury himself, quoted disapprovingly in the file from a 1959 Women's Legislative Action Bulletin. There, he said he uses the medium of science fiction to "try to bring to light some of the current fallacies in human values today" — the one thing, as the author of Fahrenheit 451
must have known full well, that the powers that be least want anybody to do. Get more at MuckRock.
via Metafilter
Ray Bradbury: "I Am Not Afraid of Robots. I Am Afraid of People" (1974)
Ray Bradbury: Literature is the Safety Valve of Civilization
Soviet Animations of Ray Bradbury Stories: 'Here There Be Tygers' & 'There Will Comes Soft Rain'
FBI's "Vault" Web Site Reveals Declassified Files on Hemingway, Einstein, Marilyn & Other Icons
Colin Marshall writes on cities, language, Asia, and men's style. He's at work on a book about Los Angeles, A Los Angeles Primer, and the video series The City in Cinema. Follow him on Twitter at @colinmarshall or on Facebook.
Michael M. Hughes says:
It's obvious he was a commie—Martians are RED, right?
The Paranoid States of America.
Check the early star trek series. They are full of innuendo references to communism. Brilliant propaganda light years ahead of anything.


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text:
HOWARD 100/101
AMPUTEES GALORE!
There were five contestants in the Amputee Beauty Pageant and they were being judged on their personality, their looks, and the actual amputation itself. They were playing for a $10,000 prize, so it was a pretty big deal. The first contestant was a woman named Hillary who was missing an entire leg. She lost it to bone cancer and came in wearing the prosthetic. Howard asked her to take it off, but she declined, saying it was a pain in the ass to take off and her stump. That hurt her score a little. Hillary told a little about her life, like how she went to rehab for drugs a bunch of years ago, and then after she got out of rehab she was raped by a home intruder. Meanwhile, Artie was joking with her, and every other candidate, by pretending they were just whining with their sad stories. He kept saying this like "Wah Wah Wah, I got out of rehab and was raped, waaahhhh, my rapist didn't use a condom, wah wah wah?" The next contestant was a woman named Corrine who was missing an arm. It turns out that when she was 5 her grandmother put her on a riding lawn mower, and then she feel off and the lawn mower chopped her arm off. She used to blame herself for it but doesn't anymore. She took her arm off right away and showed everyone. The third contestant was a woman named Jennifer and she walked in and took her arm off right away. She lost hers in a car accident when she was five. Jennifer could also queef on demand and showed off her talent. She then barked like a dog too. Everyone loved her and gave her really high scores. Chaunce even wanted to give her an 11 (on a scale of 1 to 10).
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'Tiger King's Doc Antle Indicted on Wildlife Trafficking Charges
Matt Singer Published: October 12, 2020
Remember Tiger King? It was Netflix's smash true-crime reality series at the start of coronavirus quarantine, which I think means it premiered 45 years ago. (At least it feels like that was 45 years ago. Time no longer has any meaning.)
Although the series concluded last spring, the saga of the show's eccentric wildlife lovers, zoo owners, and alleged criminals continues. Just last weekend, the animal law unit of the Attorney General of Virginia announced that one of the key supporting players in the show — Bhagavan "Doc" Antle — had been indicted for wildlife trafficking.
According to the Attorney General's website, Antle has been charged with "one felony count of wildlife trafficking, one felony count of conspiracy to wildlife traffic, four misdemeanor counts of conspiracy to violate the Endangered Species Act, and nine misdemeanor counts of animal cruelty." Another zoo owner, Keith A. Wilson, was also charged; the indictment follows an investigation "into the relationship between Antle and Wilson" that "found that both men trafficked lion cubs between Virginia and South Carolina."
Antle gave this statement on his indictment to CNN:
I have spent my entire professional life promoting the welfare and conservation of big cats and other species. I have deep regard and feelings for the animals in my care and would never hurt or abuse them in any way. I look forward to being able to answer these charges and to be able to clear my good name.
On Tiger King, Antle was mostly depicted as the far more savvy operator in the world of morally queasy wildlife zoos, in contrast to the bumbling and reckless Joe Exotic, the self-proclaimed "Tiger King" at the center of the story. His portions of the show focused on his relationship with Exotic, and the almost cult-like devotion of his largely female staff.
Exotic is already in prison serving a 22-year sentence for various crimes. The woman he allegedly plotted to murder, animal rights activist Carole Baskin, just appeared as a contestant on the latest season of Dancing With the Stars. Even if the documentary ended 45 years ago, Tiger King will always be with us.
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Source: 'Tiger King's Doc Antle Indicted on Wildlife Trafficking Charges
Filed Under: netflix, Tiger King
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