text:
HANSARD 1803–2005 → 1870s → 1879 → July 1879 → 3 July 1879 → Lords Sitting → DIVINITY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF IRELAND) BILL—(No. 36.)
SECOND READING.
HL Deb 03 July 1879 vol 247 cc1248-62 1248
§ Order of the Day for the Second Reading, read.
THE EARL or BELMORE
, in moving that the Bill be now read a second time, said, that when, some months ago, he explained at length its provisions, he stated that it was founded upon the Report of a Royal Commission. In 1873, the Fellows of the University were relieved from the obligation of taking Holy Orders, or of belongings to any particular denomination. The Protestant Church of Ireland felt that its position, as regarded Trinity College, was seriously affected; and, accordingly, the General Synod of the Church appointed a Committee to take the matter under its charge. The Committee entered into negotiations with Trinity College, and afterwards applied to Her Majesty's Government, who appointed a Royal Commission to inquire into the subject. Of that Commission he had himself been Chairman. The Royal Commission had before them a proposal from the Board of Trinity College, and also a proposal from the Divinity School; and these two proposals, which in a great measure agreed, were to a certain extent adopted by the Commission. They recommended, amongst other things, that the connection should be kept up between the Church and the College by allowing the lecture-rooms of the College to be used for the purpose of the Divinity School lectures, and providing that the lectures should be given free of charge to the undergraduates attending the Divinity School. After he (the Earl of Belmore) had explained the provisions of the Bill, when it was last before their Lordships, his noble and learned Friend on the Woolsack (Earl Cairns) suggested that it was important to ascertain what were the actual wishes of the Church of Ireland and of Trinity College, by which he meant not merely the Board, but also the Senate and the Academic Council, on the subject, and the second reading of the Bill was on that ground postponed until now. The first step was to refer the Bill to the General Synod of the Church; and it was done in this way. The Divinity School Committee drew up a 1249 report of their proceedings for the year, in which they stated all that had taken place up to that time in regard to the Bill, and drafted a resolution recommending that the Dill, as brought in, should be adopted by the Synod. The resolution was— That the Synod hereby expresses its earnest desire that the Bill introduced into the House of Lords by Lord Belmore for the future management and control of the Divinity School shall receive the assent of Parliament with as little delay as possible. That resolution was brought before the Synod in a speech of great force and, if he might be allowed to say so, of great eloquence, by his noble and most rev. Friend near him (Lord Plunket); and a debate ensued, from which it appeared that a very considerable difference of opinion existed among those in the Synod who were members of the College, and also, perhaps, in a lesser degree, amongst other persons. A suggestion was made that the Bishops should be empowered to meet the Board of Trinity College in a conference, and see what arrangement could be come to with reference to the future management and control of the Divinity School. Many persons believed that the connection between the College and Church should be as close as possible—closer, in fact, than was proposed by the Bill. The meeting between the Bishops and the Board did not take place, as only a minority of the Board attended, and there was not a quorum, and the result was left for consideration by the Senate of Trinity College on the 1st of May. The University Senate met, and so great was the interest felt in the question that between 90 and 100 persons qualified themselves to become members of the Senate, in order to be present. A resolution was moved, in these terms, by a member of the Board who was hostile to the Bill— That the Divinity School (Church of Ireland) Bill be not accepted, inasmuch as it is neither expedient nor just to the College and the University. That was met by a counter resolution, moved by the Rev. Dr. Salmon, Regius Professor of Divinity—" That the words from he not accepted' to the end be omitted" —and this amendment was carried by a considerable majority. Then the supporters of the Dill wished to go on to discuss what the nature of 1250 the connection between the Church and the University should be, the following words having, on the motion of the Rev. Professor Jellett, been substituted for the words omitted:— Inasmuch as it appears to the Senate that there are other means by which the connection of the Divinity School with Trinity College can be maintained, and welfare of the school under the conditions, as altered by recent regulations, provided for. Dr. Longfield, who was acting for the Vice Chancellor, ruled that this could not he done without a further " grace" from the Board. Hem (the Earl of Belmore) was sure that Dr. Longfield in so ruling was actuated by no spirit of hostility to the Dill, as he was one of the Members of the Royal Commission upon whose Report it was founded; but only doing what he considered it was proper for him to do. A requisition, very influentially signed, was got up and sent to the Board, asking them to authorize, by a further grace, the Senate to consider what legislation they would recommend. The Provost, who was one of the members by whom the scheme of the Bill was recommended, proposed, at the meeting of the Board on the 10th of May, that the following " grace" should be sent to the Senate:— That the University Senate do, at its annual meeting on the 21st of June next, consider the means by which the connection of the Divinity School with Trinity College may be fully maintained, and the welfare of the School under the conditions, as altered by recent legislation, provided for. This was put to the vote, and negatived by a majority of 2, out of 8 members. It was then moved that the following answer to the requisition be sent by the Registrar to the Lord Primate:— The Chancellor of the University having desired from the Senate an expression of their opinion relating to Lord Belmore's Divinity School Bill, and the Senate having expressed an opinion unfavourable to it, the Board of Trinity College consider that it is not their part to invite a further discussion by the Senate of the general question involved, especially as Lord Belmore's Bill still remains on the Notice Book of the House of Lords, awaiting the final decision of that House. The Rev. Professor Jellett moved, in an Amendment— That this answer is not satisfactory, inasmuch as it does not contain a full statement of the facts. 1251 But the amendment was negatived, and the original resolution was passed, thus bringing matters to a deadlock; for, while the House of Lords was waiting for the opinion of the Senate, the Senate was waiting for the opinion of the House of Lords. Another meeting of the Board was held at a subsequent day, and the question was re-opened; but nothing came of it, further than that the Vice Provost, who was friendly to the Bill, gave notice that he would, on the next Board-day, move that no alteration should be made in the Divinity School without the consent of the Bishops of the Church of Ireland. On 4th June, the Academic Council, having, on a previous occasion, adopted a resolution that they thought it Undesirable that Trinity College should be deprived of any of its funds, provided a suitable endowment could be obtained from other sources, discussed the matter, and came to the resolution that it was desirable, having regard to its bearing on the welfare of the Faculty of Arts, that there should be a Divinity School in the College, with due provision for its government, under the changes which recent legislation had made in the condition of the University, and that, accordingly, the Council did not approve of Lord Belmore's Dill as a settlement of the Trinity College Divinity School question. On the 18th of June, a resolution was proposed by Dr. Salmon, to the effect that the Senate having, by their resolution of May 1st, implied an opinion that the altered constitution of the University had made some legislation for the Divinity School desirable, the Council requested the Board to give the Senate an early opportunity of more fully declaring its mind on the subject; but this was rejected by a majority of 9 to 6. Then followed sonic resolutions, which he asked to be allowed to read at length, as they were the most important of all. They were as follows:—Dr. Salmon moved— That it appears to the Council that a satisfactory settlement of the (Divinity School) question can be obtained by following the lines of the Letters Patent, 38 Vic., which established this Council. To that resolution the following amendment was moved by the Rev. J. W. Barlow:— That, while considering it a matter of high importance, with regard to the welfare of other 1252 Faculties, that there should be a Divinity School in the University, this Council is of opinion that the time for final legislation on the subject has not yet arrived. The foregoing amendment was negatived by a majority of 11 to 3, and Dr. Salmon's resolution passed by the same majority. The following resolution was moved by the Provost, and passed by a majority of 11 to 3:— That it is expedient that the Bishops of the Church of Ireland be invited to take part in the government of the Divinity School. The following resolution was also moved by the Provost, and passed without a division:— That the annual sum at present expended on the Divinity School of Trinity College be secured for the permanent maintenance of that School. The Board of Trinity College having declined to re-open the question, and the Academic Council having expressed in general terms what they thought would be a fair way of bringing about a compromise, the matter so stood till the other day, when the General Synod adopted the following resolution:— That, having regard to the resolution adopted by the Senate of the University at its meeting on the 1st of May last, this Synod is not prepared to press forward during the present Session the Divinity School (Church of Ireland) Bill. An amendment was moved that the words "during the present Session" be omitted; but that was lost. Some other resolutions were afterwards carried; but as he (the Earl of Belmore) had not followed the Bill up—not being a member of Trinity College—since the first day's discussion in the Synod, he would leave his noble and most rev. Friend (Lord Plunket) to describe them to their Lordships. There was, however, one point on which he desired to say a few words, and that was as regarded his own position in respect to the measure. In his motion against the Dill in the Senate of the University, the Rev. Dr. Carson made a speech, which he had no doubt —for ho (the Earl of Belmore) knew him very well—was a very able speech; it was certainly a very long one. He first proceeded to prove, what he should have thought required no proof, that Trinity College was not founded exclusively for the education of the clergy of 1253 the Protestant Church of Ireland. At the same time, he did maintain that the Divinity School—technically, he granted, the School of Trinity College—was also, practically, the School of the Church; for it was the only School in which the great majority, at least, of her clergy had been trained. Dr. Carson then went on to find fault with himself (the Earl of Belmore) for bringing in the Bill. That was not the first or the second time, in the course of his (the Earl of Belmore's) public life, in which lie had been found fault with, and ho dared say it would not be the last. But this Bill was, in fact, only carrying out what had been, so lately as 1876 and 1877, the proposal of the Board itself; arid to show that it was so he would road an extract from a letter which he had lately received from the Provost. The Provost said— It is right to observe, however, that an Act of Parliament, such as that for which your Lordship has brought in a Bill, was the only means by which the resolutions of the Board of Trinity College—resolutions repeated in nearly every year from 1870 to 1876 inclusive—could have been carried into effect. When your Lordship, therefore, undertook, at the request of the Divinity School Committee, to bring in a Bill into the house of Lords, you were carrying out the expressed wishes of the College as well as those of the Church. He thought, therefore, that he was quite within his right in bringing in this measure. He anticipated that his noble and learned Friend on the Woolsack would recommend him to give effect to the resolution of the Synod, and not to press the Dill at present. He was, of course, in their Lordships' hands. It mattered little to him whether the matter were settled by a Bill, or a compromise were to be effected in some other way. As a matter of Order, he moved the second reading of the Bill.
§ Moved, "That the Dill be now read Ca." —(The Earl of Belmore.)
LORD PLUNKED (Bishop of MEATH)
My Lords, after the remarks which have fallen from my noble Friend (the Earl of Belmore), your Lordships will agree with me that some statement should be made to this House as to the light in which the Church of Ireland regards this Bill at its present stage. That statement I shall endeavour to furnish. The subject is, I fear, a somewhat dull one, and its details somewhat intricate; but your Lordships will bear with me 1254 as I try to state what I have to say, as clearly and as briefly as the circumstances of the case will admit. In the first place, I think it right to remove one or two possible misapprehensions as to the nature and object of this Bill. This Bill is, in no sense of the word, a claim for endowment, either as regards the University of Dublin, or its Divinity School. It cannot even be strictly described as a claim for compensation. Were it necessary, a claim for compensation might not unfairly be made by the Church of Ireland in respect to its Divinity School. But, in such a case, it ought to be clearly remembered that the equivalent for such a claim on behalf of the Irish Church would have to be looked for, not in the possible endowment of some Catholic University in the future, but in the compensation which has been actually accorded to a Catholic Divinity School in the past. And, in the event of such a claim being made, the last persons to refuse it should be those who, at the time of the passing of the Irish Church Act, welcomed with satisfaction the generous treatment which the Divinity School of Maynooth then received at the hands of the State. But, as I have said, this Bill cannot be strictly regarded as a claim for compensation. It should rather be considered as embodying the terms of an arrangement between the Church of Ireland and the University, which the State is asked, by this Bill, to facilitate and carry into effect. But there is another misconception which I would wish to dispel. It has been thought by some that this Bill indicates a hostile spirit as between the Church of Ireland and the University of Dublin. My Lords, there could not be a greater mistake. The large majority of the members of that University are members of the Church of Ireland. The large majority of those who take a leading part in Irish Church affairs are members of the University. The members of the University love their Church. The members of the Church of Ireland love their University. And here let me take this opportunity of saying that if there have been any apparent differences between the Church of Ireland and some members of the Board of Trinity College, I, for one—and I express the opinions of many others—desire, in the most full and frank manner, to attribute whatever opposition we may have received to a 1255 single-minded desire, upon the part of those from whom we have differed, to promote the welfare of an institution in which they are deeply interested, and of which they may be justly proud. Lastly, I would wish to remove the possible impression that, because this Bill proposes to transfer the funds and the control of the Divinity School from Trinity College to the Church of Ireland, it therefore indicates an aggressive or grasping spirit on the part of that Church. The fact is, as my noble Friend has already pointed out, that the proposal to transfer the control of the School to the Church, and to pay over to the representative body of that Church the sums required for the salaries of its Processors, came, in the first instance, from the Board of Trinity College itself. It was subsequently affirmed by the Report of a Royal Commission on which the University was fairly represented. This Bill may, therefore, with justice, be regarded as due not less to the University than to the Church. And this brings me to the question, what was the necessity that called for this Bill? The answer is a simple one. It was the necessity of finding some remedy for the grievance to which the Church of Ireland had been subjected through the secularization of Trinity College—a secularization effected by the carrying out of what is generally known as Mr. Fawcett's Bill. The nature of that grievance has been so fully explained by my noble Friend that all I need do is to remind your Lordships that, as a result of that legislation, the control of the Divinity School and the appointment of its Professors now rests with a Body which, before long, may be utterly unfit for the discharge of so sacred a trust. My Lords, this is a grievance which is now admitted by all—not only so, but it is also regarded by all as a grievance which demands an immediate remedy. But where is the remedy to be found? Well, my Lords, there is one way in which it could be easily found. The University of Dublin might not only cease to teach theology, but it might resolve to banish theology and religion from within its walls. The Church of Ireland would, in such a case, be compelled to establish a separate Theological College for itself elsewhere. Such a proposition, I am happy to say, has not found favour with either the University or the Church. I cannot 1256 remember having met with a single member of my Church to whom it has commended itself. It seems, on the contrary, to be the general desire of all that those who are to be trained for the Ministry of our Church should pursue their studies in company with those who are preparing for other Professions, and should imbibe in a University that free, pure air of general learning and culture, and of unfettered intellectual enterprize which is not, as a rule, to be looked for in any merely theological seminary. But there is another way in which it was thought by many that the grievance might be met. It was thought that the University, while ceasing to teach theology itself, might give facilities for the teaching of theology and the payment of Divinity Professors by the Church of Ireland within its walls. It was thought that a separation between these two institutions might thus be effected only in name, and that all those mutual advantages might be preserved which now result from the daily contact and friendly co-operation of religion and learning in Our University. This, my Lords, is, in fact, the principle of the Bill now before the House. And I am bound to say that at the time when this Bill was first drawn up, this was the principle which was most popular amongst the friends both of the Church and of the University. And, let me add, it was under a strong conviction that such was the case that this Dill was introduced by the noble Earl and myself to the consideration of this House. I am, however, free to confess that in the minds of some Irish Churchmen this view of the case has been somewhat modified by recent events. And this brings me to review the circumstances which have elapsed since the first reading of this Bill. It will be in the recollection of your Lord-chips that when this Bill was a first time, the noble and learned Earl who sits upon the Woolsack expressed a desire that before this Dill should be again submitted to the House some expression of opinion regarding it should be obtained from the Synod of the Church of Ireland, and the Senate and Council of the University. Accordingly, my Lords, this Bill was brought under the notice of the Synod of the Church of Ireland at its recent meeting. No vote was come to, either accepting or rejecting the Bill; but, in the course of debate, it became 1257 manifest that there were not a few members of that Body who would prefer some solution of the question, which would involve a less degree of separation between the Divinity School and the University than that which seemed to them to be contemplated by the present Bill. In consequence of that manifestation of feeling, the Bishops of our Church, after a conference with some leading members of the Board of Trinity College, drew up a series of propositions, embodying an alternative scheme, and submitted them to the consideration of the Synod. No vote, however, was come to, either as regarded the Dill or thins alternative scheme, as it was thought well that the Synod should adjourn, pending the meeting of the Senate of the University, which was then at hand. Before, however, the Synod adjourned, certain resolutions, embodying principles of a more general character, and not inconsistent with either the Bill, or the alternative scheme proposed by the Bishops, were passed almost unanimously. To one of these, for the credit of the Church, I would ask leave to refer. Your Lordships will remember that when this Bill was read a first time I ventured to combat what seemed to me an exaggerated fear as to the possible effect of one of its provisions. I mean the clause which gives to the Synod of the Church of Ireland the election of the Body who should have the control of the Divinity School and the appointment of its Professors. It had been assumed by many persons that the Synod, if given this power, would make it the occasion for electing, in the heat and excitement of a popular assembly, and by a tyrannical majority, partizans, whose duty it would be to carry out the particular views of those from whom they had received their votes. Now, my Lords, it is a great satisfaction to me to be able to show that such fears were, as I ventured to anticipate, groundless. And as a proof of this, I need only point to the fact that in one of the resolutions recently passed by the general Synod, on the occasion to which I have just referred, the Synod declared itself willing to leave the control of the Divinity School, and the appointment of its Professors, altogether in the hands of the Archbishops and Bishops of their Church. But to return 1258 to the meeting of the Senate of the University. The Dill now before this House was submitted to that Body, and though the Senate distinctly refused to pronounce the Dill unjust or inexpedient, it declined to accept it, giving as a reason for so doing that there were other means whereby the object in view might be better carried out. It was hoped by many that an opportunity might be given for an expression of opinion on the part of the Senate as to what those other means might be. But, owing to circumstances into which I need not enter, no such opportunity presented itself; and, accordingly, nothing was left for the Synod but to endeavour, on its part, to meet the wish expressed by the noble and learned Earl on the Woolsack, and to put on record, for the information of this House, some specific statement as to its view on this important question. With such an object, the Synod met again within the last few days, and passed certain resolutions. These resolutions I shall not quote in detail; but as they contain the sum and substance of the information for which your Lordships have a right to ask, I must refer very briefly to their general import. In the first place, the Synod resolved that, having regard to the decision come to by the Senate of the University, it was not prepared to press for the adoption of this Bill by Parliament during the present Session. While, however, thus disclaiming any intention of pressing forward this particular Bill at the present moment, the Synod affirmed most strongly that the time for some final legislation had arrived, and respectfully, but earnestly, called upon Government and Parliament to facilitate a settlement of the question without delay. Lastly, the Synod passed a series of resolutions, embodying the alternative scheme to which I have referred as having been submitted by the Bishops to the Synod on a former occasion. I shall not quote these resolutions in detail; but the proposal which they contain may be simply stated thus. They propose that the Divinity School should not merely be the Divinity School of the Church of Ireland in Trinity College, as would be the case under the provisions of this Bill now before the House, but that it should continue to be the Divinity School of Trinity College. These 1259 resolutions further provide for a dual system of government as between the Church and the University. They propose that the nomination of Divinity Professors, and a power to recommend changes in the Divinity course, should be vested in a Council consisting of the Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of Ireland; but that the ultimate appointment of the Professors, and a veto on the recommendations of the Bishops, should rest with the Board of Trinity College. This proposal would seem to be reasonable, and to involve a fair distribution of authority. It gives to the Church an initiative choice in the selection of its teachers, a choice which would naturally concern itself with the question of religious and theological qualifications. Upon the other hand, it leaves with the Board of Trinity College, as a secular body, the power of preventing the appointment of teachers, who, from want of learning or academic culture, might do discredit to the University. Upon this proposition being submitted to the Synod, an amendment was proposed, by which the Board of Trinity College would have been given not only this ultimate power of veto in reference to matters affecting learning and culture, but also a voice in the Council which would have to deal specially with questions of religion and theology. This amendment was, however, rejected by an overwhelming majority; and it was evident from the whole tone of the debate, that the Synod had come to the decision that none of those to whom was to be intrusted the duty of choosing the future teachers of our Divinity School should be appointed to that sacred trust by any secularized body, indifferent, it might be—or even antagonistic—to those interests which the Church is bound to hold most dear. This was the position taken up by the Church at the recent Synod—and from such a position I cannot, for my own part, see how the Church can conscientiously recede. And now, the result of the whole matter seems to me to be simply this. After such an expression of opinion on the part of the Church and University, I do not see how the noble Earl (the Earl of Belmore) can press forward his Bill; and in the interests of peace and conciliation I would venture to suggest that he should withdraw it. 1260 Before, however, lie withdraws it, let me take this opportunity of publicly expressing to him, on the part of the Irish Church, how much we feel indebted to him for having discharged the trust committed to him with all that energy, industry, and practical ability which has so conspicuously marked every stage of his public and political career. And let me add that, though he may now withdraw this Bill, lie can do so with the conviction that it has not been brought before this House in vain. It has been the means of calling' public attention to the grievance under which the Church of Ireland suffers as regards her Divinity School. It has shown, moreover, that the Church of Ireland is in earnest in seeking for a remedy—and for an immediate remedy too. It has been the means of submitting to this House for consideration and comparison various expressions of opinion respecting the important question at issue. It may not contain within itself the ultimate solution of the problem—but it has, as I believe, cleared the way for the adoption of a solution which may prove more generally acceptable to all concerned. and which will, I trust, tend to knit more closely in the future those ties of mutual good will and respect by which the Church. of Ireland and the University of Dublin have been so closely and so happily bound together in years gone by.
THE LORD CHANCELLOR
There can be no doubt considerable advantage has arisen from the discussion and consideration of this Dill that has taken place, as regards both the University of Dublin and the Irish Church. The introduction of the Dill has led to the exchange of opinion between the different persons who have interested themselves in this great question. But I do not think the exchange of opinion that has taken place upon the consideration of the different schemes that have been proposed has gone so far as, in my opinion, they might have gone, for I have no doubt that between this and the next Session of Parliament the consideration of these various schemes will go much farther; and very possibly an agreement may be come to on the more material points between the parties interested. I think that, under these circumstances, my noble Friend who introduced the 1261 Bill may very well adopt the course suggested by my noble and rev. Friend who has just spoken, and will withdraw the Bill.
§ LORD CARLINGFORD
It appears to me to divide the connection which at present exists without absolute necessity, would be a great mistake; and I think that Trinity College is very reasonable in not allowing the Divinity School and its endowments to pass away from it without the necessity being proved. The reason, however, why I rise is a different one. I wish to point out a fact which is of extreme interest—particularly at this moment—in view of the subject that will come before us next week. Why is it that, in the opinion of so many, including the noble and learned Earl who has just sat down, there is no necessity for removing the Divinity School of the Church of Ireland from Trinity College? The reason is this — that although it has been opened to persons of all denominations, and, therefore, is in the position, we will say, of the University of Oxford; nevertheless, in Trinity College, Dublin, as well as at Oxford, there is, by universal admission, no reason to expect that any substantial change will take place in the denominational character of the University in respect of its Governing Body. It will, for any number of years, be mainly denominational, and consist of members of the Church of Ireland. I remember that on the former occasion when the Dill was introduced, I heard the noble and learned Earl on the Woolsack allude to the alarm prevailing, and say that if at any time the Governing Body of Trinity College, Dublin, were to cease to be a denominational body attached to the Church of Ireland, the case might be very different; but that was a result, he added, which nobody need fear. It is that state of facts that throws considerable light on the University question in Ireland, and when we hear so much of Trinity College being thrown open by law to all denominations it is well that your Lordships should see how the thing works in practice.
THE EARL OE DELMORE
said, that in withdrawing the Dill he must say a few words as to what had fallen from the noble Lord opposite (Lord Carlingford). He thought that in Trinity College people would be somewhat surprised at his remarks, but would receive them with a 1262 great deal of satisfaction; because they showed what a complete conversion the views of the noble Lord had undergone since he wads a Member of Mr. Gladstone's Cabinet in 1873. As regarded the accusation made against himself, that fie (the Earl of Belmore) was trying to injure Trinity College, it was only the other day that one of his late Colleagues on the Royal Commission had reminded him that they had recommended the very utmost in the way of a continuance of a close connection between Divinity School and the College, that they thought there was any chance of Parliament agreeing to. The reason why a Bill was preferable to a Queen's Letter in settling the matter was, that while the latter could alter the government of the School and set aside funds for its maintenance, it could not divest the Corporation of the College of its property in those funds, or create a trust.
§ Motion and Bill (by leave of the House) withdrawn.
Back to DIVINITY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF IRELAND) BILL—(No. 36.)
Forward to THE PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS.


As outlined in the April 2012 issue of AgeWise King County, studies have shown that participation in and access to the arts offer great benefits for older adults. From improving cognitive abilities to combating isolation, the arts play a vital role in healthy aging.
The Seattle Mayor's Office for Senior Citizens has roots back to 1971, when Mayor Wes Uhlman—the youngest mayor ever elected in Seattle—started a Senior Information Center. It was the third office of its kind in the United States. The name soon changed as programs and services were added. Some programs have been removed. But 43 years later, the Seattle Mayor's Office for Senior Citizens—unlike the senior citizens offices that came before it—lives on.
The Healthy Aging Partnership Film Short Festival that took place on May 6, during Older Americans Month, at the Naked City Brewery in Seattle's Greenwood neighborhood, was educational, heartwarming and—most of all—fun!
We hear so many disparaging remarks about growing old. I suspect each of us is guilty of making those comments at times. Let's turn the tide. Let's be kind to ourselves and each other. Let's continue to build on what we've got—extraordinary experience, wisdom, humor, and grace. When we look in the mirror, let's say, "I meant to do that!" Gray hair? I earned every one of them!
They say a picture is worth a thousand words, so I asked local senior center directors to send a few. They tell part of the story, but as Wallingford's Kathleen Cromp put it, "it's hard to show the real energy in a photo." You've got to see it for yourself!
"I Hope You Dance" is a country song that expresses this wish: "When you get the choice to sit it out or dance … I hope you dance!"


text:
Alain Lecavelier des Étangs, né à Fécamp le , est un astronome et astrophysicien français. Ingénieur diplômé de l'École polytechnique (X) et docteur en astrophysique, il est directeur de recherche au Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), rattaché à l'Institut d'astrophysique de Paris (IAP). Il est un membre actif de l'Union astronomique internationale (UAI). Il a été Président de la commission 53 « Planètes extrasolaire » de 2012 à 2015, puis de la commission F2 "Exoplanètes et système solaire" de 2015 à 2018. Il a également été de 2014 à 2020 Président du groupe de travail "Exoplanets for the Public" de l'UAI qui a piloté les deux opérations internationales NameExoWorlds consistant à donner des noms à des exoplanètes en 2015 et en 2019.

Il est à l'origine de l'expression et de la notion de planète chthonienne qui est le résidu de l'évaporation d'une planète géante gazeuse trop proche de son étoile. Ce concept a été proposé après la découverte en 2003 de l'évaporation des Jupiter-chauds à laquelle il a participé. En 2012 il a découvert le deuxième cas d'évaporation d'une planète extrasolaire et a ainsi réalisé la première observation de variations temporelles dans l'atmosphère d'une exoplanète ("exo-météorologie"). Il a développé les premières simulations permettant d'évaluer les taux d'échappement des atmosphères d'exoplanètes à partir des observations du télescope Hubble dans la raie spectroscopique Lyman-alpha de l'hydrogène.

En 2008 il a découvert la signature de la diffusion Rayleigh dans les spectres d'absorption des atmosphères des exoplanètes HD 209458 b et HD 189733 b. Cette observation permet d'obtenir une mesure de l'échelle de hauteur de l'atmosphère et d'en déduire sa température.

En 2014 il a participé à la découverte de deux familles d'exocomètes dans le système planétaire jeune de Beta Pictoris :  la première est composée de comètes en résonance orbitale de moyen mouvement avec une planète massive, et la seconde de comètes issues de la fragmentation récente d'un ou plusieurs objets.

Les observations en 2019 avec le télescope TESS de la NASA du passage de trois exocomètes devant l'étoile Beta Pictoris ont montré que la courbe de lumière d'une étoile devant laquelle passe une exocomète a une forme triangulaire arrondie qui correspond exactement à celle qu'il avait prédite en 1999, soit 20 ans auparavant, à l'aide de simulations numériques.

En 2022, il a publié avec Jack J. Lissauer du Ames Research Center de la NASA la définition du terme "exoplanète" adoptée par l'Union Astronomique Internationale. Cette définition fait apparaître la masse maximale d'une exoplanète qui ne peut excéder 1/25 de la masse de son étoile, car au delà de cette masse critique les points de Lagrange L4 et L5 ne sont plus stables.

En 1994, il a découvert dans des données d'archive des variations de brillance de l'étoile Bêta Pictoris qui se sont produites en  ; ces variations pouvaient être interprétées par le transit d'une exoplanète, et, dans ce cas, cela aurait constitué la première observation historique d'une exoplanète, qui aurait pu être Bêta Pictoris b. Cependant, les observations de la conjonction de Bêta Pictoris b en 2017 ont permis d'écarter ce scénario. Le scénario du transit d'une gigantesque exocomète est le scénario privilégié actuellement (en 2022).

Il est l'auteur avec Émilie Martin du livre de vulgarisation Le ciel et les étoiles sans complexe qui a obtenu en 2010 le prix du livre Haute-Maurienne de l'Astronomie.

Il est directeur de collection de l'"Encyclopédie de l'astronomie et de l'espace" publiée en 60 volumes par Hachette de 2018 à 2021.

Biographie

De 1993 à 1996, il est doctorant à l'IAP. Le , il y soutient sa thèse sur les disques circumstellaires du type β . Il obtient la mention très honorable, avec félicitations du jury. Le ministère français des affaires étrangères lui octroie la bourse d'excellence Lavoisier qui lui permet d'entreprendre des recherches postdoctorales au  (NCRA) à l'Université de Pune en Inde.

En 1999, il devient chargé de recherche au CNRS, rattaché à l'IAP. Il est directeur de recherche au CNRS depuis 2013. Il enseigne la physique et l'astrophysique à l'Ecole polytechnique depuis 2017 en tant que Professeur chargé de cours.

Honneurs et distinctions

En 2009, une subvention de  est attribuée, sur proposition l'Académie française des sciences, par la Fondation Simone et Cino del Duca à l'équipe qu'il dirige à l'IAP. La subvention est augmentée de  destinés à permettre le recrutement contractuel de chercheurs posdoctoraux.

Notes et références

Liens externes

  ISNI : 0000 0000 5004 2496
  Alain Lecavelier des Étangs (page personnelle) sur le site officiel de l'Institut d'astrophysique de Paris
  Alain Lecavelier des Étangs (fiche) sur le site officiel de l'Union astronomique internationale

Astronome français du XXe siècle
Astronome français du XXIe siècle
Astrophysicien français
Naissance en juillet 1968
Naissance à Fécamp
Élève de l'École polytechnique
Directeur de recherche au CNRS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Perhaps the only thing worse than standing in lines, is seeing them converge in your photographs. Rather than trying to convince your friends that, "Yes, the building really was shaped that way!", take the 75 f4.5 shift lens with you the next time you do some architectural shooting. Adjustable up to 20mm in all directions for maximum perspective control, using this lens may put in you in the position of having to turn down repeated requests to borrow it!


Veterinary Surgeon required at our friendly, RCVS accredited, small animal practice in Merseyside. We have a longstanding and loyal client base and we are exceptionally proud of the local service we provide.
Our ideal candidate will be an experienced surgeon who is comfortable working sole charge and who is committed to providing high standards of clinical care across both of our branches. We will consider both full time and part time applications.
CPD is encouraged and funded and we offer a competitive salary, exclusive company discounts, reward schemes and career development.


text:
Album list Last uploads Most viewed My Favorites Search
Home / TV Series & Mini Series / Queen Of The South / Season 3 (2018) / Screen Captures / 3.13: El Mundo
Album name: Raquel / 3.13: El Mundo
URL: https://alfonsoherrera.org/fotos/displayimage.php?pid=51528
© Alfonso Herrera Universal — Designed by — Powered by — Hosted by Copyright & DMCA — Privacy Policy
AlfonsoHerrera.org is a non-profit site that is no way affiliated with Alfonso himself, his management, co-workers or family members. All images, video footage and other media are copyright to their respective owners, no copyright infringement is intended. This is merely a fan site run by a fan.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'Let's get to work'; Cam Newton talks return, gratitude of being back with the Carolina Panthers
In Newton's nine seasons with the Panthers, he threw for 29,041 yards and 182 touchdowns, and ran for 58 touchdowns.
Fans share excitement in Cam Newton's return
By Andrew Barnett
Published: Nov. 12, 2021 at 1:40 PM EST|Updated: Nov. 12, 2021 at 3:26 PM EST
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (WBTV) - Quarterback Cam Newton spoke to the media Friday afternoon after signing a contract to return to the Carolina Panthers.
On Thursday, the Carolina Panthers announced the return of Newton, bringing the former No. 1 overall pick back to Charlotte.
Ian Rapoport with NFL Network reports that the Panthers are giving Cam Newton a one-year deal worth up to $10 million for the rest of year. It includes $4.5 million fully guaranteed and a $1.5 million roster bonus.
QB Cam Newton signs deal returning to the Carolina Panthers
In his first press conference back, Newton says the biggest impact he wants to bring to the team is accountability. He also said he wants to bring the pride back to Carolina.
"Honestly, I'm still floating," Newton said of his return to the Panthers. "But it's not about me. It's about being an additional piece to this team and that's where I plan on keeping it."
In his first press conference back, Newton says the biggest impact he wants to bring to the team is accountability.
Newton says he has so much gratitude being signed.
"So much gratitude. Not saying I didn't have gratitude before, but this just hits different," Newton said. "God has granted me an opportunity a lot of people don't get."
Even though there's a sense of excitement and joy with Cam's return to the Carolinas, the quarterback said the objective is to win games. Newton mentioned that he has been staying off of social media, but he understands people are excited.
""You know why I'm here. This ain't for no ploy, no ticket sales or Cinderella story. It's to win football games," Newton said. "I just want everybody to know who is a part of the Panthers nation, I receive it. But this ain't no parade. Let's get to work."
When asked about his feelings regarding his release from the Panthers in 2020, Newton called all the things of his past "irrelevant" and that he had a good conversation with Head Coach Matt Rhule.
"We had an unbelievable conversation. He told me what his expectations were. It's my job to execute what those expectations are," Newton said.
Newton expressed being happy and says he's in a really good place right now.
"A lot of times, your message can get misconstrued. Did I feel a certain type of way? absolutely. But I'm just glad those decisions didn't go into this type of decision," Newton said.
The Carolina Panthers tweeted out video of quarterback Cam Newton arriving with the Panthers late Friday morning.
Newton's off-the-field impact has been just as powerful as what he has been able to do on the field. Some of what he does is public and promoted, but not all of his actions extend to the public light. There are plenty of memories on and off the field that characterize his time in Charlotte and there is plenty he has been remembered for over his previous years with the Panthers organization.
When asked about his charity work in Charlotte, Newton says he promises that he will continue to give back to the community.
Newton also spoke on his time with the New England Patriots.
"I'd be a fool to not take what I learned in other organizations and apply it here," Newton said.
He ended the press conference with this quote.
"Without further ado, I'll say something I've been wanting to say for a long time "Keep Pounding," Newton concluded.
🎤 drop pic.twitter.com/KQxmXaGDww
— Carolina Panthers (@Panthers) November 12, 2021
General manager Scott Fitterer says Newton officially passed his physical and signed his contract.
"Cam is coming in here to play. When you have competition like that it makes everyone raise their game," Fitterer said.
The Panthers tweeted this video Thursday with the caption "Brought him home". Newton retweeted a similar video from his own account.
Brought him 🏠 pic.twitter.com/EbVgmkBvkm
Panthers head coach Matt Rhule said he spoke with Newton on the phone Tuesday night about a return and Newton "emphatically" said yes.
"This isn't about anything other than winning," Rhule said. "Our fans aren't paying money to watch us win in two years. At the same time, you're trying to build a Super Bowl-caliber team. So it's a balancing act of doing what's right long term and trying to win at the same time. Many times those are the same thing."
In an article titled "Why the Panthers brought back Cam Newton", Panthers.com says signing their former QB1 "gives them an opportunity to stabilize their offense at a time when so many other things are going well, and the playoffs are still a realistic possibility with nearly half the season remaining."
𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗚 pic.twitter.com/oK6bBfNc9I
"There are no guarantees the 32-year-old Newton could be a long-term answer. But this isn't about the years to come, or the things he's done in the past. This is about now, and maximizing the opportunity for the 2021 Panthers," a Panthers.com article read.
Newton dealt with injuries, including shoulder surgery during his previous tenure with the team but Fitter says his shoulder checked out okay on Thursday.
"Maybe he loses a step here (and there), but he makes up for it with his mind. His game has evolved. He has really grown into it," Fitterer said. "He works hard at it, he's a professional."
Cam Newton arrives with teammates after rejoining the Carolina Panthers
With starter Sam Darnold out four to six weeks with a shoulder injury, the Panthers' only other quarterbacks on the active roster were P.J. Walker and recently acquired Matt Barkley.
Rhule said Walker will still start on Sunday against the Arizona Cardinals and it's uncertain whether Newton will be active. Fitterer that Rhule will make that decision.
"Cam is just smart. He can just translate so it should pretty quickly," Rhule said.
When asked about what he saw in Newton to bring him back, Rhule simply said "the tape."
"Sometimes you just need a chance to get healthy and he had a chance to truly get healthy," Rhule said. "So, I'm excited to see what he does."
If Newton doesn't play Sunday, his first game would come against the Washington Football Team at Bank of America Stadium on Nov. 21.
Reports began to surface Thursday morning when Charlotte Observer reporter Jonathan M Alexander broke the news that Newton would meet with head coach Matt Rhule, owner David Tepper and vice president of football operations Steven Drummond.
Cam Newton will meet with quarterback-needy Carolina Panthers
The 32-year-old quarterback has been a free agent since the New England Patriots released him in August.
In Newton's nine seasons with the Panthers, he threw for 29,041 yards and 182 touchdowns, and ran for 58 touchdowns. He's the team's all-time leader in all three categories, and he's also third on the team's all-time rushing list with 4,806 yards.
Newton won the NFL offensive rookie of the year award in 2011, and NFL MVP in 2015, when he led the team to a 15-1 record and the Super Bowl.
He's also the NFL's all-time leader in rushing touchdowns by a quarterback with 70,
Carolina Panthers hire Chris Tabor as special teams coordinator
Carolina Panthers agree to terms with Ben McAdoo as new offensive coordinator
Carolina Panthers expected to hire former Giants coach Ben McAdoo as offensive coordinator, per report
Sam Mills, who coined 'Keep Pounding', to be inducted in North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame
Cam Newton nominated for governors' highest honors in North Carolina and South Carolina


text:
Coalgate ... Apex Court strikes down coal allocations between 1993 - 2009
The duration clause reads : 'This insurance attaches as the subject-matter insured is loaded on board the oversea vessel at the port or place named herein for the commencement of the transit, continues during the ordinary course of transit and terminates as the subject-matter insured is discharged overside from the oversea vessel at the destination named herein' …………. It is that of Institute Coal Clause.
Chennai Port has been handling tonnes of coal …. In 1961, Jawahar Dock was inaugurated by the then prime minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri. In 1964, the Jawahar dock with capacity to berth 6 vessels to handle dry bulk cargoes such as coal, iron ore, fertiliser and non-hazardous liquid cargoes was created on the southern side changing the topography of the port. There was some plan to convert Jawahar Dock (E) berth to a container terminal and in the beginning of the year, the Madras High Court granted an interim stay. There have been moves to shift handling of dusty cargo to Ennore.
Coal which means "mineral of fossilized carbon" is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Throughout history, coal has been used as an energy resource, primarily burned for the production of electricity and/or heat, and is also used for industrial purposes, such as refining metals. Coal is the largest source of energy for the generation of electricity worldwide. Coal is king and paramount Lord of industry is an old saying in the industrial world. Industrial greatness has been built up on coal by many countries. In India, coal is the most important indigenous energy resource and remains the dominant fuel for power generation and many industrial applications.
~ it is dark and can leave black stains too……… the Supreme Court on Monday declared as "illegal and arbitrary" 218 coal block allocations between 1993 and 2009, ruling that the Central government of the day adopted a process which lacked transparency in the absence of competitive bidding. United Progressive Alliance (UPA) governments bore the brunt of the apex court's order as 155 of the blocks nullified were allotted during their tenure, including 134 allocations made when former prime minister Manmohan Singh handled the coal ministry. The remaining 63 allocations were made by the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) during its rule from 1999 to 2004.
The Supreme Court on Monday said it was evident that the allocation of blocks by the Centre was driven by the intention to "grant largesse". The bench rejected the Govt's contention that it was only a first statutory "innocuous" step. "The allocation of coal block by the central government results in the selection of beneficiary, which entitles the beneficiary to get the prospecting licence or mining lease from the state government. Obviously, allocation of a coal block amounts to grant of largesse," said the bench headed by Chief Justice of India R.M. Lodha. The bench rejected former Attorney General G.E. Vahanvati's contention that "allocation itself did not confer any right on the allottees to mine the block, that it was just a letter of intent and a lot of procedures are to be followed thereafter, like securing environmental clearances, which are the responsibility of the state". "It is true that allocation letter by itself does not authorise the allottee to win or mine the coal, but nevertheless the allocation letter does confer a very important right upon the allottee to apply for grant of prospecting licence or mining lease," said the bench.
How do you view that …. Sad over the occurrences or feeling happy of the judicial activism that has at last overturned the nefarious decisions of the Govt. Coal allocation scam or Coalgate, is a political scandal concerning the Indian government's allocation of the nation's coal deposits to public sector entities (PSEs) and private companies by former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. In a draft report issued in March 2012, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) office accused the Government of India of allocating coal blocks in an inefficient manner during the period 2004–2009. Over the Summer of 2012, the opposition BJP lodged a complaint resulting in a Central Bureau of Investigation probe into whether the allocation of the coal blocks was in fact influenced by corruption. The essence of the CAG's argument is that the Government had the authority to allocate coal blocks by a process of competitive bidding, but chose not to. The CBI has named a dozen Indian firms in a First Information Report (FIR), the first step in a criminal investigation. These FIRs accuse them of overstating their net worth, failing to disclose prior coal allocations, and hoarding rather than developing coal allocations.
The issue has received massive media reaction and public outrage. During the monsoon session of the Parliament, the BJP protested the Government's handling of the issue demanding the resignation of the prime minister and refused to have a debate in the Parliament. The deadlock resulted in Parliament functioning only seven of the twenty days of the session. The Parliamentary Standing Committee report on Coal and Steel states that all coal blocks distributed between 1993 and 2008 were done in an unauthorized manner and allotment of all mines where production is yet to start should be cancelled.
The Supreme Court's 'Coalgate' verdict needs to be welcomed as it gives India a rare second chance to fix terrible decisions made by our politicians. The coal allocations scandal is not an outrage merely because undeserving companies got coal blocks. It is an outrage because it concentrated the ownership of India's coal reserves among a handful of businesses. Thank Apex Court for digging deeper in to the black mines…
26th Aug 2014.
Posted by Srinivasan Sampathkumar at Tuesday, August 26, 2014
Labels: Crime, GK, India News, Legal opinion, Marine Insurance, Politics
India wins 3rd ODI at Trent Bridge goes 2-0 up.......
Mitchell Johnson shatters glass and peace ... post...
India wins at Cardiff - city set to host NATO has ...
Richie Benaud to work from home for India - Aussie...
India to play at Cardiff, Glamorgan .... 5 batsmen...
Coalgate ... Apex Court strikes down coal allocati...
man falling victim to addiction : Devadas to Paul ...
waiting infront of Nalli, Kumaran, Pothys ...........
an evening Marina beach .... in August ....
Pro Kabbadi League - which teams will enter Semis ...
Pelicans spotted at Adyar creek
SYMA Eye Camp - writes The Hindu Downtown
'lassi' and masala milk - selling hot - shops at Z...
SYMA Medical CEntre @ Rs.2 - article in The Hindu ...
Madras turns 375 .... Nathaniel Higginson, the fir...
Arjuna Awards 2014 .... Ravichandran Ashwin become...
Chess Olympiad - India clinches Bronze .... Judith...
BCCI ropes in Ravi Shastri at helm; Bharat Arun an...
Court prohibits overtaking by buses on city roads ...
which brand do you wear .... some wear the 'Golden...
stern action - need of hour - for Team India that ...
Independence Day - celebrations and Eye Camp by SY...
huge exodus as people rush to take part in Telenga...
forlorn statue of Victoria (Queen Empress of India...
India beats England and wins Series ~ it is Indian...
Ukraine Crisis - EU embargo - Russia retaliates - ...
Justice H Tudor Boddam - the statue with a canopy ...
Celebrating 68th Independence Day of the Nation - ...
demoralised India to play at Oval; Gavaskar 221; C...
Swiss mountain rail details in deep wooded walley ...
affable Horse battallion at Work in the sands of M...
Buchi Babu Tournament ....... when Star players an...
rabid bovines and animals encountered on Chennai c...
Tsunami relief work 2005 - SYMA at Cuddalore
life saving dog of Marina to Bruno, the Newfoundla...
Off Spinner conundrum - succumbing to Moeen and As...
peeling the bananas the right way ~ the monkey way...
World Elephant Day .......... elephants must be pr...
the plight of Zoo animals of Russia - Ukraine, Rus...
Jet pack of Martin Aircraft ~ and Dangerous Dave
Team India gives no chance to Bertha too .... when...
Palamedu Jallikattu .......... (& Alanganallur Jal...
The Principle of Indemnity and "Indemnification Al...
Zucchini day today ......... and day of World's I...
unhappy debut .... the dubious feat of Pankaj Sing...
MSD's bowling woes .... Nilgiris - Waitrose - Team...
Indemnity Insurance - cash payment option - Califo...
tilting train at Perth ... man saved by quick thin...
Aping an Ape .... keeping monkeys at bay - human l...
importance of inflating tyres........ and all 4 at...
India play England at Old Trafford - Manchester - ...
emotions and syndromes .... of Paris syndrome .......
Narendra Hirwani - that great debut at Chepauk... ...
Ainthinai (ஐந்திணை ) .at OMR aka Rajiv Gandhi Sal...
Want Railway Season Ticket - give Undertaking not ...
Bolt among Tortoises - the race and chase by Polic...
it is 100 years since World War I ~ the battles of...
black Sunday Tsunami 2004 - SYMA's response -moksh...
islanders of Vanuatu to learn swimming .... Gold ...
hailstorm at Gabba, Brisbane...... stoppage of Tes...
the story of Kanakambaram flower - முப்பது பைசா மூ...
'Seamless' transition ........... from red cherry ...
Nilgiri Mountain Railways - and the first death in...
fire hazard in High rise buildings .... LIC and ta...


text:
Q: Save information to MongoDB database from form? I want to save the information captured from an html form in a MongoDB database, I have the following code:
<!DOCTYPE html>

 <title>Intro to Node and MongoDB</title>

Into to Node and MongoDB

 <form method="post" action="/addname">
 Enter Your Name

 <input type="text" name="firstName" placeholder="Enter first name..." required>
 <input type="text" name="lastName" placeholder="Enter last name..." required>
 <input type="submit" value="Add Name">
 </form>

And the following javascript code would be my app.js
var express = require("express");
var app = express();
var port = 3000;

var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));

var mongoose = require("mongoose");
/*
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;mongoose.connect("mongodb://localhost:27017/node-demo");
*/

var promise = mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/node-demo', {
  useMongoClient: true,
  /* other options */
});

var nameSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
 firstName: String,
 lastName: String
});

var User = mongoose.model("User", nameSchema);

app.use("/", (req, res) => {
 res.sendFile(__dirname + "/index.html");
});

app.post("/addname", (req, res) => {
 var myData = new User(req.body);
 myData.save()
 .then(item => {
 res.send("item saved to database");
 })
 .catch(err => {
 res.status(400).send("unable to save to database");
 });
});

app.listen(port, () => {
 console.log("Server listening on port " + port);
});

Apparently the post request is working, filling in the fields and pressing the input type submit, however when checking the database is empty, just as it was when it was created. Does anyone know why I do not save the information?

A: I run your code here and the app.post was not called. It's because you're using app.use to send the index.html. app.use is used to bind middleware to your application. Instead, you should use app.get, which tells express to listen for requests to / and run the function when it sees one.
app.get("/", (req, res) => {
 res.sendFile(__dirname + "/index.html");
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Burners, Pollution, Control & Privacy By A Thousand Cuts
tech software culture
The key to protecting people's privacy on the internet isn't in trying to stop users' data from being sent to different services, it's in poisoning the well by having user data be so inconsistent, disconnected, spurious or expensive to collect that today's surveillance infrastructures (often referred to as "ad tech" ) get flummoxed when trying to track you. The "wall" metaphor for keeping data in and companies out is the wrong way to think about it; instead you want to go for a "death by a thousand cuts" offense against powerful antagonists like the surveillance platforms, or to use the nicer phrasing of the tech security community, it's "defense in depth".
Make it complicated and expensive to do creepy things you, without great complexity or expense to yourself.
A perfect example here is email. All of us use email addresses to log into different sites and apps. But what's often not visible is that those sites trade information about us based on our email address, so the site where you buy lava lamps and torchières can tell the site where you buy fire insurance that they should raise your rates.
"But their privacy policy says they don't do that!" you exclaim, since you love to read privacy policies in full. And maybe they technically don't sell that data based on your exact email address. Instead, they might attach that tracking record of your purchase history to an obscured version of your email address. It's like a valet parking ticket, it doesnt say "this person owns this car", it just says "you can find this person's car in this space". Then they give out duplicates of your valet ticket to anyone who pays them money, so the fire insurance company can look up your record too. Technically they didn't sell your data attached directly to your email, it's just that anyone else who already has your email address can buy access to the data. And everyone has your email address.
For people bought into the surveillance economy, this constitutes "privacy" for you, because all the data aren't in one place and theoretically the insurance website only has your email address by your explicit permission. In reality, this is not part of what normal people think is happening with their info and it creeps them out. All of this is in addition to things that you already know about, like cookie-based tracking, which enables the helpful feature where you look at a pair of shoes once and then it haunts you on every website you visit forever.
For extra fun, sites can combine the cookies and the email-based tracking and make a data profile about you that follows you everywhere on the web whether you're logged in or not. It's also possible to infer connections between bits of data that are likely from the same user; in our valet parking analogy, the parking attendant knows that the Tesla belongs to the guy wearing Allbirds without having to see the valet ticket. A lot of the investment going into machine learning and AI is primarily about training data models to recognize patterns and make connections or extrapolations (however imperfect and biased) from large data sets, and now you know why.
So that's one big reason why Facebook can afford to destabilize democracy globally. But let's get back to the death by a thousand cuts.
Data Pollution
For the first time since the rise of today's dominant social networks, privacy tech is starting to outpace surveillance tech in a few small areas. In the early 2000s, there was a wave of tools called "pop-up blockers" that users could install in web browsers to stop an early, invasive, super annoying form of display advertising. This didn't do much to stop data tracking (Google's ad platform was still nascent then, and most people ignored the warnings about the coming age of data surveillance) but it at least set a precedent for some user control over ads.
In a modern context, we now have fairly robust ad blockers that are much more aggressive about stopping ads, broad limitations on cookie tracking that are supported by both web browser settings and regulation (not to mention the ubiquitous and futile "I accept this cookie" alerts littering the web), and the newest area of great innovation — email protections.
Many services let you create "burner" email accounts, disposable single-use addresses that a site can't track back to your real address. When a message is sent to the burner address, it gets forwarded to your real inbox, and the whole thing is invisible to the site that you're using. (In the old days, those of us who own our own domain names would use one off-addresses for each services to accomplish the same thing, like if I signed up for Amazon with [email protected] but used [email protected] to log in to the App Store.)
Apple built a version of these burner emails right into their sign-in service, which they're pushing aggressively onto apps on their iOS platforms. It's seamlessly integrated. The privacy-focused search engine DuckDuckGo is now using their duck.com address for a burner email service. Last year, Mozilla launched Firefox Relay as a free tool for doing burner emails as well. And just today, the popular independent email service Fastmail (it's like Gmail, but you pay a little for it instead of having ads) announced that they were teaming up with the popular password management app 1Password in order to offer a similar burner email service.
Each of these services has a slightly different user experience and feature set, but the overall result is that millions of people have suddenly disappeared from the email-based surveillance tracking systems of the internet. Their addresses each seem unique and unfamiliar to those looking to creep on their data. The organized, hyper-connected data streams are now polluted with what look to be millions of new addresses that have no recognizable history. To be sure, the connection between a particular identified user and their new, burner email could still be reverse-engineered by the big ad networks, but it's a lot more costly and complex to do so. And while they work on that problem, the burner email services will work on making their offerings even more ubiquitous and easy to use. It's the first time in decades that privacy advocates have a meaningful technical advantage over the trillion-dollar ad platforms.
Avoiding The Paparazzi
In this week's New Yorker, Chris Hayes makes a strong argument about the ubiquitous surveillance culture of today's social media world, but it's grounded more in the psychological impact of our words and actions always being on display. In his formulation, we're always famous. I liked this perspective on its own merits, as it's an important point for everyone to understand on its face, but I also think it's strongly paralleled in the impacts that surveillance-based tracking systems have on our lives. In addition to hyper-vigilance about our words being taken out of context, or resurfaced after our views have evolved or norms have changed, we also have a subconscious (fully justified!) paranoia about the way our actions are being tracked by monetization platforms.
In both cases, we know there are harms associated with digital hyper-visibility.
wowwww
— Chris Hayes (@chrislhayes) September 27, 2021
The answer lies in a drum that I, and many others, have been banging on for decades now: privacy through identity control. Though some parts of that piece from 2002 haven't aged well (here's me wincing at the passing mention of fascist ghoul Rudy Giuliani), there are some core points that I think are more pertinent than ever:
We're all celebrities now, in a sense. Everything that we say or do is on the record. ... Do we have to permanently filter our thoughts and expressions, lest they be thrown back at us at some inopportune moment in the future? What do we do until people are used to seeking out context, until meta is intrinsic? Well, you have to own your name. I own my name. I am the first, and definitive, source of information on me.
One of the biggest benefits of that reality is that I now have control. The information I choose to reveal on my site sets the biggest boundaries for my privacy on the web. Granted, I'll never have total control. But look at most people, especially novice Internet users, who are concerned with privacy. They're fighting a losing battle, trying to prevent their personal information from being available on the web at all. If you recognize that it's going to happen, your best bet is to choose how, when, and where it shows up.
This is a refrain I've kept coming back to in my work, both personal and professional, all these years. There's something meaningful, profound and empowering about having ownership and control over one's self and what happens with one's words and actions. It's the only form of personal protection that scales, and it's the bedrock of agency and empowerment against institutions that would seek to exploit.
We don't yet have an easy, automated way to defend ourselves against all the potential harms of the digital world. We'll never have one that's 100% effective. But today, for the first time in a long time, we have a chance to take the first few of those thousand little cuts that might help us take back a little bit of what should have been ours all along.
← Cooperative Overlap What to know about the 2021 M1 MacBook Pro →


text:
Die Prva liga SR Jugoslavije 1999/2000 war die achte Saison der höchsten Spielklasse der BR Jugoslawien. Gespielt wurde vom 31. Juli 1999 bis 20. Mai 2000.

Titelverteidiger war FK Partizan Belgrad.

Modus
21 Mannschaften spielten im Verlauf der Saison zweimal gegeneinander; einmal zu Hause und einmal auswärts. Somit bestritt jede Mannschaft 40 Spiele in der Saison. Um die Liga auf 18 Vereine zu reduzieren stiegen die letzten fünf Teams direkt ab.

Abschlusstabelle

Kreuztabelle

Weblinks
 Tabelle auf www.rsssf.com (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Fußballsaison 1999/2000
1999 2000


text:
178 F. 2d 740 - Guido v. Hudson Transit Lines
178 F2d 740 Guido v. Hudson Transit Lines
GUIDO et al.
HUDSON TRANSIT LINES, Inc.
Third Circuit.
Argued Nov. 23, 1949.
Decided Jan. 5, 1950.
Samuel Doan, Paterson, N.J. (Charles C. Stalter, Paterson, N.J., on the brief), for appellant.
Walter G. Winne, Hackensack, N.J. (Winne & Banta, Hackensack, N.J., on the brief), for appellees.
Before GOODRICH, McLAUGHLIN and KALODNER, Circuit Judges.
GOODRICH, Circuit Judge.
This appeal presents a question of the measure of damages for the negligent destruction of a chattel. It is an almost perfect moot court case. The defendant's negligence has been established by jury verdict and the finding is not contested. A collision took place on a New Jersey highway on October 4, 1946 between plaintiffs' and defendant's vehicles. The plaintiffs showed that because of post-war shortages they did not succeed in buying a new truck until two years after the accident and that their bulldozer, destroyed in the same collision, had not been replaced up to the time of trial. There is no attack upon the reasonableness of the plaintiffs' conduct nor the truthfulness of the testimony with regard to this matter. Plaintiffs also showed that two weeks prior to the accident they had entered into an excavation contract which had assured them of income for the truck and bulldozer at a specified daily rate for about 400 days over a two-year period. They also proved the expenses that they would have incurred in the fulfilment of their contract. The defendant objects to the allowing of recovery of any damages beyond the value of the chattels at the time of the accident less salvage value for junk.1
Unlike a bench with general jurisdiction in a moot court argument, however, we are circumscribed in the choice of authorities on which to base our result. The operative facts all took place in New Jersey and the federal courts have jurisdiction only be reason of diversity of citizenship. Both the trial court and we are limited, therefore, to a pronouncement of what we find the New Jersey law to be in the light of the local authorities which bear upon the question, supplemented, as a New Jersey court would supplement its own rulings, by reference to authorities generally.
The rule is well established that the measure of damages for the conversion or destruction of a chattel is the market value of the chattel at the time and place of the conversion or destruction. While this is sometimes stated as though it were a rule applicable to vehicles2 it is a general rule applicable to all kinds of chattels. The justification for it is that this provides a convenient rule of thumb and, in case the article is readily replaceable on the open market, compensates the owner for his loss.
The difficulty comes when this convenient rule of thumb is sought to be applied to every case regardless of the circumstances. This the defendant would have us do here and cites authorities which have taken this ironclad view of the matter.3 The fear of allowing 'speculative' damages has scared some courts into applying what Mr. Justice Christiancy years ago called 'the certainty of injustice.'4
The general principle which should govern the matter is quite clear. Damages are supposed to compensate the injured person for the wrong which has been done him.5 If his loss is greater than the market value of the chattel at the time of its destruction, an owner should, on principle, be allowed additional items which will adequately compensate him unless some of those claimed items are so speculative as to create danger of injustice to the defendant.
Here we have the perfect case for the allowance of the additional element of damages. As pointed out above, the plaintiffs' case removed the possibility of speculation by careful proof which showed not only the possibility of profitable use but an actual contract for that use. This case, therefore, fits perfectly into the statement of the measure of damages set out in Section 927 of the Restatement of Torts.6
We think it also fits perfectly into the background of New Jersey decisions. As early as 1818 the Supreme Court of New Jersey allowed recovery of prospective profits for an injury to the plaintiff's fish net.7 Ninety years later the Supreme Court of New Jersey enunciated the rule as follows: 'The pertinent rule is that when personal property, in the actual use of the owner, is injured by a trespasser, so that the owner is deprived of its use, the special damage necessarily and proximately attendant upon such privation may be proven to augment the damages beyond the diminution in value of the thing injured.'8
Each of these cases was one of injury to a chattel, not its destruction. It may be urged, as defendant does, that there is some magic difference between the two. We see none.9 Neither do the New Jersey courts.
We think that conclusive evidence of the correctness of the decision reached below is found in the most recent New Jersey case on the subject, which was not cited to us by either side. It is Paguio v. Evening Journal Association, 1941, 127 N.J.L. 144, 21 A.2d 667. The defendants negligently killed the plaintiff's dog. The animal cost the plaintiff $100. Following the purchase it had been specially trained for work in a vaudeville act in which the plaintiff performed. The loss of the dog hurt the plaintiff's earnings in the act and he showed how much. The court allowed recovery for a larger sum than the cost of the dog and said: 'When personal property is taken or injured, the special damage necessarily and proximately attendant upon such loss may be proven to augment the damages beyond the mere value of the property lost.' 21 A.2d at page 668. This clinches the matter.
The judgment will be affirmed.
We find no merit in the defendant's further contention that the trial court erred in not charging the jury on the limitations to their discretion in awarding damages for loss of profits. Not only did the defendant fail to take an exception or make a request for charge on this point, but it was not harmed by the error, if error there was, because the verdict corresponded closely with the profit losses proved
6 Blashfield, Cyclopedia of Automobile Law and Practice, Perm.Ed., § 3414 (1945)
Burrage v. Tri-State Transit Co., La.App. 1933, 149 So. 125; Barnes v. United Rys. and Electric Co., 1922, 140 Md. 14, 116 A. 855; German v. Centaur Lime Co., Mo.App. 1927, 295 S.W. 475; Hayes Freight Lines, Inc., v. Tarver, 1947, 148 Ohio St. 82, 73 N.E.2d 192; 6 Blashfield, Cyclopedia of Automobile Law and Practice, Perm.Ed., § 3414 (1945); 25 C.J.S.,Damages § 83, p. 602; 1 Sedgwick on Damages § 178 (9th ed. 1920). The doctrine is criticized in Note, 61 Harv.L.Rev. 113, 159 (1947); Note, 169 A.L.R. 1074, 1094 (1947); Comment, 33 Minn.L.Rev. 779 (1949)
Allison v. Chandler, 1863, 11 Mich. 542, 555
Restatement, Torts § 910
Damages for the conversion or destruction of a chattel include (a) its value and '(b) the amount of any further loss suffered as the result of the deprivation.'
Post v. Munn, 1818, 4 N.J.L. *61, 7 Am. Dec. 570
Graves v. Baltimore & N.Y. Ry Co., 1908, 76 N.J.L. 362, 69 A. 971, 972
The suggestion found at 1 Sedgwick on Damages Sec. 178 (9th ed. 1920) that there can be no recovery of profits because the plaintiff's interest in the property ceases at the time of its destruction and because he no longer has 'title' certainly represents mechanical jurisprudence in its most extreme form


ROCHESTER — A new show at the Castle on Charles is promising laughs, song, and a great meal to locals looking for a unique theater experience.
"The Sword and The Stone – Challenge to the Throne!" is an interactive musical written, directed and composed by Mike Morris.
Saturday, April 20 at 6:30 p.m.
"The Sword and The Stone – Challenge to the Throne!" tells the story of a King who is looking for a successor, and challenges his potential replacements to a tournament where they must pull a sword from a stone.
Theatergoers will watch the musical unfold as they enjoy a four course feast catered by The Governor's Inn, complete with appetizers, ribs, soup, bone-in chicken, roasted potatoes, honey glazed carrots, and desserts.
Optional beer, wine, mead and grog will also be available.
The musical takes place inside the Castle on Charles, a medieval-inspired building that features a forty foot tower with crenelations, cathedral ceiling, Gothic lanterns, and iron chandeliers.
Tickets to the musical-feast are $44, and can be purchased at www.CastleNH.com.
ROCHESTER — City Manager Blaine Cox announces that City Welfare Social Worker Nancy Poulin will depart that position this week for a new role in Somersworth.
Poulin will start her new role as Somersworth Welfare Officer next Monday.
Poulin's transition is being described as a win-win-win-win for Poulin, Somersworth and the Tri City area, which now has welfare managers who share a combined 50 years of experience in the field.


Our high standards for meat quality are obvious with our selection of beef products. You'll find our beef tender and juicy, with a texture that enhances the layers of flavor. We sell only USDA Choice cuts of beef, and you'll never find us selling ungraded cuts of beef. At Skip's, you can enjoy the convenience of choosing what piece you want, how you want it cut, and we'll cut it right there for you by hand.


text:
PHOTOS: ACC
The Ombudsman of the Republic of Sierra Leone, Leon Jenkins-Johnston Esq. and the Commissioner of the Anti-Corruption Commission Francis Ben-Kaifala Esq. have on Tuesday 2nd July 2019, at the Office of the Ombudsman at 26 Charlotte Street in Freetown, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on behalf of the two institutions. The aim of the MOU is to foster collaboration among the two institutions in the fight against Corruption, Administrative Injustice and Maladministration in the Public service.
Making a statement before the signing, the Ombudsman of the Republic of Sierra Leone, Leon Jenkins-Johnston, gave a brief background to the establishment, functions and powers of the Office of the Ombudsman. He noted that the MOU is a statement of intent of the two parties to work collectively and cooperatively to identify issues related to corruption and accountable governance in public administration to develop strategies to enhance the performance of their respective responsibilities.
He stated that the Office of the Ombudsman, and the Anti-Corruption Commission acknowledge each other's respective need for, and interest in the information to be shared relating to governance in the public administration and corrupt practices.
The Ombudsman further stated that, corruption is a cankerworm in any society and it impedes on the effort of the government in meeting its obligations and aspirations.
The Ombudsman warned those who have being treating the Office of the Ombudsman with contemptuous levity, that it will no longer be business as usual, and assures the ACC Commissioner of his office's fullest cooperation and pledge to join in the crusade against corruption for the betterment of all as Sierra Leoneans.
Delivering his statement, the Commissioner, Anti-Corruption Commission, Francis Ben-Kaifala Esq. said that the signing of an MOU with the Office of the Ombudsman is a momentous occasion that will go down in the history of this nation as cementing the synergy and coalition that is being built against Corruption in the country. He noted that the issue of public accountability and corruption has plagued the nation and this MOU will serve as a broker in the fight against administrative injustice.
He revealed that, there are institutions that were created before the ACC and the Office of the Ombudsman, but these institutions have not been able to reach its full potentials, probably, because these actions that have taken place today have not being in place. He noted that a strong cloud is building against Corruption, Maladministration and against things that have stood before the country, preventing it from attaining its full potentials.
Commissioner Kaifala, stated that the signing of the MOU is a time to witness when two strong institutions in the country and now joining together for each other to be an extension of the other, wherein they can call on each other when the supported is needed.
He noted that this is a new era for the country and committed his commission and staff readiness to work with the Office of the Ombudsman.
The signing and exchange of MOU formed the highlight of the ceremony.
Ombudsman Visits Eastern Polytechnic
Ombudsman Conducts Unannounced Visit To Institutions Of Higher Learning In Makeni
Ombudsman Engages British High Commissioner
Office Of The Ombudsman Recruits Two New Staff
New Executive Secretary Takes Up Office
The Office Of The Ombudsman Bids Farewell To Its Former Executive Secretary


In appointing David Bragdon, the president of the Portland-area Metro Council, to run the Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability, Mayor Bloomberg turned to an established elected figure with a track record of progressive planning. What will he bring to New York City?
Streetsblog spoke to livable streets advocates on both coasts to find out.
"We're going to be sorry to have him gone," said Rob Sadowsky, the executive director of Portland's Bicycle Transportation Alliance. "He's got a real strong, rooted sense in policy, particularly around transportation, sustainability, and environmental stewardship."
Jill Fuglister, co-director of the Coalition for a Livable Future, agreed. "David's vision and values have been very focused on sustainable transportation," she said.
Fuglister said that Bragdon made transportation one of his two top issues, along with the creation of an interconnected regional park system called the Intertwine, after his 2002 election to the top post in the Metro Council, Portland's regional government and planning organization.
Sadowsky highlighted cycling-friendly achievements under Bragdon's watch, like the creation of a Metro Active Transportation Council, which brings together stakeholders from across the region to support walking and biking. Bragdon also facilitated the expansion of transit in Portland, said Sadowsky, helping the region streamline its efforts to access federal transit funding. As Streetsblog has reported, Metro has also played an integral role in promoting transit-oriented development in the region.
Under the radar, Bragdon has also begun to reshape the way the Portland region writes transportation plans, said Fuglister. His administration at Metro is "at the forefront nationally of trying to reform the way that regions and metropolitan planning organizations function," by trying to move toward an "outcome-based, performance-based plan," she said. If the Portland region sets a goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, for example, proposed projects should be evaluated in terms of their greenhouse gas emissions. "We're far from it still," she said, but called Bragdon "a part of the changemaking."
Both Fuglister and Sadowsky warned that Bragdon's political instincts may lean too far toward avoiding conflict, though. "Under his leadership," Fuglister said, "Metro has moved away from looking at how you might use regulatory strategies towards a more consensus-based, voluntary approach." While Metro could require local jurisdictions to comply with the regional plan, she explained, Bragdon hasn't used those powers as much as previous administrations.
Similarly, Sadowsky saw a desire to reach consensus as being at the root of Bragdon's position on the controversial replacement of a bridge across the Columbia River, which would widen the road from six lanes to ten. "There are some parts of the proposal that we'd rather not see," said Sadowsky, which gained traction "because he's bringing freight to the table and business leaders to the table." Of course, he added, that approach could serve Bragdon well in a job that requires coordinating a slew of independent city commissioners.
Sadowsky expects that advocates will need to hold Bragdon's feet to the fire. "Individuals are only as good as the community that can inspire them and keep them accountable."
New York City transportation advocates praised the appointment, reading it as a sign of renewed support for the goals of PlaNYC within the Bloomberg administration. The city's sustainability agenda is due for a mandated update next Earth Day. "Mayor Bloomberg's appointment of David Bragdon to lead the Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability bodes very well for the continued growth of a greener, healthier New York City," said Transportation Alternatives executive director Paul Steely White. His experience as an elected official, continued White, will serve him well as he takes on the tasks of making New York more walkable and bikeable, improving transit service, and reforming New York's parking policy.
"David Bragdon has impressive credentials," said Tri-State Transportation Campaign Associate Director Veronica Vanterpool, "and his appointment to head the city's Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability is an encouraging sign. By conducting a nationwide search for the best candidate, Mayor Bloomberg sent a strong signal that PlaNYC will remain a priority in his third term." Vanterpool highlighted transit funding and traffic congestion as among the biggest challenges Bragdon will need to tackle during his tenure. With the state legislature's failure to enact congestion pricing, those issues stand largely unaddressed.
Joan Byron, who runs the Sustainability and Environmental Justice Initiative at the Pratt Center for Community Development, saw promise in two pieces of Bragdon's resume. "He has a background in freight," said Byron, referring to his five years working at the Port of Portland, "which is an area that a lot of us are hoping that the next PlaNYC will pay attention to." The Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel, which would connect Jersey City and Brooklyn, "would be the biggest thing we could do to make a dent in truck traffic," she said.
What's more, running Metro meant Bragdon was in charge of the Portland region's urban growth boundary, which strictly regulates where growth can occur. "There's a lot that is really laudable in PlaNYC," explained Byron, "but it's not really a plan. It's really a checklist. It doesn't make hard choices." Portland's plan, in contrast, actually forbids development in some places. Bringing in that perspective — knowing how to craft a plan with teeth — could help push an updated PlaNYC toward a more comprehensive and enforceable form, she argued.
The mayor should be applauded for bringing in smart, innovative officials, and Mr. Bragdon may well be a sustainability genius. But his job at the Mayor's Office of Sustainability is a sub-cabinet level, policy planning post, centered around updating an existing, non-binding, largely unfunded plan: a plan which does not include most of the bicycle and street reclamations which have garnered so much interest. He is not a deputy mayor, he is not a commissioner, and he does not have a capital budget, zoning authority, control over economic development subsidies or much else. Nor does he have any say over the MTA, or membership on the MTA board, City Planning Commission or any other advisory body with a say. So, unless Mr. Bragdon got a new, currently secret commitment of new powers from the mayor, it is hard to see how much he gets done. Given his zero experience with the New York State legislature, it would be foolishness to have him as point man on congestion pricing or bridge tolling — which are political, not policy exercises. As to off-street parking reform, the basic thrust of PlanNYC was to increase density near subways. The political lubricant for that is building more off-street parking. Hard to see Mr. Bragdon getting traction with DCP or EDC on that. All this said, I wish him lots of luck and hope he succeeds.
This may work out, but PLANYC is in danger of becoming another political publicity stunt. It is currently a semi-implemented grab bag of high profile pilot projects. Will the mayor actually grapple with our infrastructure systems? Would have been more interesting to appoint someone who is deeply familiar with the city's systems and infrastructure. A veteran from Sanitation, DEP, or MTA who understands how systems work, how to get things done in NYC and NY State bureaucracy and gets the need for change. I can think of a half dozen individuals (Head of Sustainability at MTA, Deputy at NYC DEP, Chief Administrator at Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, two Deputies at Port Authority, Deputy at City Admin Services, etc) who would have fit the bill. Instead, we have someone who builds bike paths. Good luck to him. I bet the job will be open again in 12 months…..


The Queen's Diamond Jubilee could prove even more popular than the Royal Wedding with 3,500 street parties already planned three months before the date. When added to the thousands more events being lined up in pubs, gardens, town squares and on village greens, the figure suggests the jubilee could outstrip last year's wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.
Three months before the Royal Wedding last April councils had received only a handful of applications for road closures from people organising street parties, though this rose to 2,000 a month later and 4,000 with a few weeks to go. But there have already been an estimated 3,500 similar bids submitted for the Diamond Jubilee long weekend despite the fact it will not get under way until Saturday, June 2.


text:
Home Star Plus Ishq Kills Ishq Kills 23rd March 2014 Episode 6 Promo
Ishq Kills
Ishq Kills 23rd March 2014 Episode 6 Promo
The story starts with a voiceover with Kavita holding the gun against her husband (Randhir), and then a gunshot is heard killing one of them with his step-daughter as the witness of the crime. The scene goes into flashback where Kavita's daughter Sonia from an another marriage meets Kavita's husband -Randhir (her step-father) for the first time. Sonia joins and come to stay with her mother after many years of seperation. It is then seen that Sonia is drinking excessively on the terrace and is noticed by Randhir, and he asks her about some snatch marks to which she responds that her step-brother has tried to physically harassed her.
Kavita's husband goes and warns the step-brother. Sooner then, both Sonia and her step-father Randhir starts developing a love relationship. Sonia's father (Ashok) comes to take her home but she declines. In the ensuing scene, Ashok is strangulated by Randhir and is killed. With time, the love between Sonia and Randhir becomes stronger, and when Kavita knows about it she becomes furious at Sonia and Randhir. Thereafter, Kavita tells Randhir to leave the house at the earliest, but he replies that to whoever he makes his own, he can do anything for that. Finally, the first scene of Kavita holding the gun is re-played followed by both fighting for the gun. Later on, a gunshot is heard killing one of them. Stay tuned to Ishq Kills on 23rd March (Sunday) at 10 pm IST or Keep reading at TellyReviews !
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1bi37T4OS4
Previous articlePihu confronts Ram for being with Priya in Sony's Bade Achhe Lagte Hain
Next articleJalal yells at Jodha in Zee TV's Jodha Akbar promo
StarPlus Spoilers 5th June 2021 Upcoming twists
TR's Hits: Know Upcoming on Star Plus
Know Upcoming On Star: Jiji Maa and more
Rainbow March 20, 2014 At 6:11 pm
:(..
I lyk dis show by reading. Due to good update, I doesnt watch d show
lovely March 26, 2014 At 7:24 am
excellent story about passionate love


Celebrity experts Andre Neveling and Jessica Levitt have joined forces to present a show on all things entertainment. They've known each other for a long time (and sometimes call each other mates), so they promise to be bitchy, funny and drink lots of champers.
The team hosted their first show today. Be sure to tune in!