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Nordic Ecolabelling launches a sustainability art competition — entitled 'Nordic Art Insight' — because they believe that artists are a key group in the process of changing attitudes. The main prize is 100,000 Swedish kroner.
'Nordic Art Insight' invites artists from the Nordic region to submit their artworks with the theme'Sustainable Consumption' before 31 May.
An expert jury will then select six finalist entries, which will be publicized on www.artnordic.org. From 1 July to 31 August 2013, a public voting opens and the artwork that receives the most votes will be the winner.
Why is Nordic Ecolabelling organizing Nordic Art Insight?
"Artists have throughout hundreds of years made society look with new perspectives on how we live our lives, and challenged us to open our eyes to new ideas. The environmental challenges that face us today are many. One of these is sustainable consumption, and how we can reach climate and environmental goals. Often it is a question of buying the right products, and doing it the right amount of times, or perhaps, not buying at all. The Nordic Ecolabelling Art prize, Nordic Art Insight, will inspire artists to submit entries that help us consumers raise our consciousness about how we can live a more sustainable life with a sustainable consumption," explains Nordic Ecolabelling on the competition's home page.
Who is behind this competition?
'Nordic Art Insight' is organised by Nordic Ecolabelling. Nordic Ecolabelling was initiated by the Nordic Council of Ministers in 1989. Each Nordic country has a secretariat that develops Nordic Ecolabelling criteria, licenses and markets the Nordic Ecolabel. In Sweden the secretariat is Ecolabelling Sweden.
Ecolabelling Sweden works on consignment of the Swedish government to administer and market the Nordic Ecolabel and the EU Ecolabel. The purpose is to work for a sustainable consumption and production. Both these Ecolabels have a life-cycle perspective, and today there are 8,500 Nordic Ecolabelled products and services in the Swedish market.
Why is the Nordic Ecolabel challenging the art world? Interview with CEO Ragnar Unge at Ecolabelling Sweden, chairman of the jury.
For the first time ever in its over 20 year history, the Nordic Ecolabel initiates an art prize. Why?
– We believe that artwork can make a change in people's mind and behaviour. Artists have always been engaged in debates. Look at Picasso's famous painting 'Guernica' about the Spanish civil war. It made a great impact.
What is the theme of this competition?
– Sustainable consumption. We are looking for artwork that can make people react and give insights on how we can use our planet´s resources in a more sustainable way.
How do you explain sustainable consumption, is it just buying Ecolabelled products?
What is the most important thing in this competition, the artistic expression of sustainable consumption or how the artwork is made? Can the artist use whatever material even if it is not good for the environment?
– The artistic impression is the most important but of course it has to have a connection to sustainable consumption. We also consider what materials the artist is using. Where do the materials come from? What type of paints are used? How will it be possible to recycle? Re-use? Nordic Ecolabel has a lifecycle perspective, and we would like to see this applied in the art process.
So if an artist uses a piece of lead, will it be disqualifying?
It depends how the artwork is presented. If the artist can give a good reason for using this material, for example, as a statement to show how this material threatens our ecological system and is a hinder for sustainable consumption, we might consider it as an important part of what the artwork is trying to convey.


Nigerian footballer Joseph Yobo turned 37 yesterday and his family threw him a small indoor party.
Though it was a small affair, the love between them and the fun they had was obviously big. The family-of-five was seen in the photo dancing, kissing, cuddling and munching on cake.
The post More lovely clips of the Yobos as they party to celebrate Joseph Yobo's birthday appeared first on Nigerian Hive - Naija Gist Latest Gossip Nollywood Movies Music News Naija Latest News Entertainment Nollywood Gossip from Nigeria.


We shares 4 ways to help streamline your GC workflow.
without having to upgrade your system.
Implementing techniques to speed up GC is an effective way to streamline your workflow. Research has shown many techniques which if all implemented can reduce run times by up to ten times that of a conventional GC, although this can have an impact on resolution which must be taken into consideration before implementation. Nevertheless, finding the time for GC techniques such as method optimization can be challenging. Here we present four simple ways to reduce analysis time on your GC set up. Whilst these do require a little time to implement, your lab can reap rewards quickly.
By reducing the length of your capillary column, you can shorten analysis times considerably, even when running the carrier gas at the same linear velocity. Oven programs will be faster, meaning the maximum temperature is reached more quickly. Separation can be slightly affected, so be careful of co-elution.
Hydrogen is half as viscous as helium, making it about twice as fast at the same temperature and pressure meaning significantly faster separations. The great thing about hydrogen is that you can safely make it in the laboratory using a hydrogen generator, offering a cheap gas solution. Hydrogen has better efficiency than helium at higher linear velocities so your sample will separate well, even at high flow rates.
Working on a very similar principle as a shorter column, replacing a 30 m × 0.25-mm capillary with a 20 m × 0.15- mm capillary can reduce run times by a factor of 2, this should provide the same efficiency when using the same carrier gas.
With a faster oven program rate, you will see quicker elution with a far more compact show of peaks in your results. Though the elution temperature of components may result in different peak separations during this process, increasing the analysis temperature for an isothermal analysis will decrease analysis time. This may result in some loss of resolution, but only if the temperature is increased too fast for your analysis.
I would like to ask your advice that I'v changed the carrier gas to Nitrogen generator in my RGA Gas chromatography SCION 456 , would it give me the same resolution and efficiency as helium,? please be informed that the company preconfigured our GC carrier gas as Helium . Your reply is highly appreciated.
If you are loooking to change from helium to nitrogen carrier gas, you can use this tool from Restek: http://www.restek.com/ezgc-mtfc to check the instrument parameters you need to optimise your efficiency. This work (also by Restek) shows how you can change the column dimensions to https://blog.restek.com/?p=13831 get like-for-like results. You may need to optimise your split flow, but the info there should help you get similar results to your helium method.
Please let us know how you get on, and if you need a generator, you know where to come!


text:
Germany approves stricter gun control laws
The new regulations include greater powers for authorities to check in on gun owners. However, some opposition politicians called for more action on homemade firearms after the anti-Semitic attack in Halle in October.
Germany's Bundestag agreed to new gun control regulations on Friday, including a controversial measure that would have everyone who owns a firearm regularly checked by the country's domestic intelligence agency (BfV).
Interior Minister Horst Seehofer said that the government's goal is "no weapons in the hands of extremists." This includes implementing an amended European Firearms Directive into German law in order to make it more difficult for criminals and terrorists to get their hands on weapons.
Another facet of the law is a new regulation that would have everyone who owns a gun in Germany be checked every five years, and they will have to justify why they need a gun in the first place. Furthermore, anyone who is a part of an "unconstitutional group" will be denied a firearms license.
Justice Minister Christine Lambrecht said "I do not want to wait until arms get into the hands of right-wing extremists."
Watch video 04:17
How Germany handles guns
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Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/2npo9
Green party: Not enough control on homemade firearms
However, as opposition politicians have pointed out, many similar regulations already exist and have not always been successful. Martina Renner of the opposition Left party said that "the murderers of Walter Lübcke had a firearms license" and yet the BfV in the state of Hesse had no concerns allowing a well-known right wing extremist to have a gun.
Lübcke, a pro-refugee local politician in Chancellor Angela Merkel's party, was shot in the head at his home by a neo-Nazi last June.
The far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) objected to the law, saying it "massively restricts blameless citizens in their freedoms."
The Green party, on the other hand, has criticized the new legislation for not going far enough to try and stop the creation of homemade firearms. On October 9, a man killed two bystanders after trying to attack a synagogue in the eastern city of Halle using weapons he had 3D printed.
After protests from hunters and marksmen, the government agreed to add new rules that help this group, including making the license test less bureaucratic and expensive, and sports shooters will no longer have to regularly prove that they use their weapon. Membership in a shooting club will be enough.
The new laws passed over the criticisms of the opposition as the governing Christian Democrats (CDU) and Social Democrats (SPD) voted in favor, while the Green and Left parties abstained.
Every evening at 1830 UTC, DW's editors send out a selection of the day's hard news and quality feature journalism. Sign up to receive it directly here.
'Far-right prepper' goes on trial in Germany
A former police commando in Germany has gone on trial for stockpiling weapons for his right-wing prepper network. Marko G. is thought to have collected and stolen 55,000 rounds of ammunition in preparation for "Day X." (20.11.2019)
Gun control: EU court upholds tightened firearms ban
The Czech Republic had challenged the ban on semi-automatic rifles for private use. But measures taken by the European Parliament and the European Council do not breach legal principles, says the EU's top court. (04.12.2019)
Germany: Halle suspect confesses to Yom Kippur shooting
The suspect in the synagogue attack, Stephan B., has confessed to the shooting in the eastern German city of Halle. He cited anti-Semitic and right-wing extremist motives for the attack. (11.10.2019)
Lübcke: German politician's killing prompts call for tracking neo-Nazis
Following the death of a regional politician, Lower Saxony's interior minister wants the government to track neo-Nazis. Boris Pistorius says agents could adapt methods that monitor people suspected of religious violence. (08.07.2019)
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Audios and videos on the topic
Author Elizabeth Schumacher (with dpa)
Related Subjects Reichstag, German elections 2017, Germany, Bundestag (Germany's lower house of parliament)
Keywords Germany, gun control, Bundestag
Feedback: Send us your feedback.
Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/3UkQb
German lawmakers push to ban flag burning 15.01.2020
German lawmakers inched closer to banning the public burning of flags of foreign countries and the EU. The idea for the bill dates back to 2017, when Israeli flags were burned at a protest in Berlin.
Germany's AfD faces heavy fine for illegal campaign financing 09.01.2020
A Berlin court has upheld a nearly €270,000 fine levied against the AfD for accepting illegally funded campaign promotions in 2016. The party's co-chief, Jörg Meuthen, said it was a mistake due to his "inexperience."
Germany: Online child abuse investigators to get more powers 17.01.2020
Officials in Germany will soon be able to post fake, computer-generated pornographic images of children when pursuing criminals online. Parliament has approved a raft of new measures, including new "cyber grooming" laws.
Dutch police foil high-security prison break 50m ago
One in three girls from poor households has never attended school: UNICEF 1h ago
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'Pirate state': Cyprus slams illegal Turkish drilling 9h ago
SpaceX successful in final test before manned flight 12h ago
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Which foods are not good for freezing?
Rice: must be under cooked and sometimes still turns out a little mushy. We usually do not cook rice ahead of time. It is easy to prepare when meal time comes.
Noodles: must be under cooked and sometimes still turn out mushy.
Potatoes: do not freeze raw potatoes, they will turn brown. Use frozen potatoes for meals like Funeral Potatoes and Sausage Hash. When making soups we find that is works well to precook potatoes. Undercook your potatoes to avoid mushiness.
Dressings and other condiments: they tend to separate when frozen, so it's best to buy them when you need them instead of freezing for later.
Fried foods: with the exception of foods that are meant for the frozen food aisle, fried foods become soggy when thawed.
TIP: If your meat is frozen when it's raw, you can cook it, and freeze it again.
Check out more recipes that you can freeze and tips for freezing foods.
Can you freeze pillsbury biscuit cans, crescent roll can etc?
Thank you, I have a stack of Pillsbury coupons and Albertson's has a sale that will make them .50 ea!!!!
i have made these several times using the ham. I also used fruits like strawberries, blueberry's, half cooked pears and apples.
We make a breakfast hash casserole – layer hashbrowns and then mix up a dozen eggs with 1 cup of milk, mix it with the sausage or bacon, and freeze it. Thaw and cook. It turns out so great we make it every month. Never had an issue with it. We also freeze cream cheese in the original packages if you're cooking with it. I wouldn't use frozen to make the cream cheese mints or anything, but in dips and sauces, it turns out great!
Thank you! Gonna try it this coming month. Maybe it can become *our* tradition, too!
Can you freeze mayo? I just found a recipe that called for mayo to be frozen and I always thought you couldn't do that?
I wouldn't do it on it's own, but if it's mixed with other things it should be fine.
Okay, thanks! Good to know.
I freeze my cream cheese before I open it. Is that ok?
If it hasn't changed the consistency for you, then it should be fine! 🙂 I've noticed that it doesn't seem to blend/cream as well if it's been frozen first.
Ok, thanks! So far it's been ok for me. I haven't noticed too big of a change in consistency. Thanks for replying!
HOW are you doing that? I had read a website that showed how to freeze cream cheese and it thaw out fine. Not my luck! I was very frustrated.
What about lunch meats ?
Yep! You can totally freeze lunch meat!
Raw eggs can be frozen if they are already mixed. I would mix a bunch of raw eggs with food processor and freeze them into individual big cubes.
Boiled eggs should not be frozen.
I have lovely fresh eggs from my chickens each day and I also mix them and freeze in a muffin tin – approx two eggs per muffin – and use them for making delicious omelets and scrambled eggs.
Do you freeze them raw? I really like making GF quiche but often bake it before freezing. It would be great if I could mix it all together, freeze, thaw in the refrigerator days later and bake as per norm. Is that how you do it? freeze raw and then thaw in fridge and bake as norm?
Can you freeze Chicken Fried Steak And if so how would you reheat it?
I would flash freeze it (lay it out on an individual on a cookie sheet on a silicone mat and freeze, then put in a freezer bag once it's frozen. To reheat, I'd just bake it. You'll need to test out the temp/length of baking time.
I freeze all the veggies for my beef stew (celery, onion, potatoes and carrots) in a ziploc bag. To keep the potatoes from turning brown, I add about 1 tablespoon of oil to the bag, seal it and shake it to coat the veggies. I put the meat in another bag and then freeze them together in a third bag. Works well.
It says here that your need to use already frozen potatoes for the freezer recipes. I was looking at your scalloped potato recipe and it seems that you used fresh raw potatoes and then froze it. Does it turn out ok doing that?
Would mashed potatoes freeze ok or no? Like for a shepard pie? Or is that a dish you wouldn't freeze either? Thank you!
Sheperds pie is easily frozen, mashed potatoes can be frozen as well. I was glad to here about the cream cheese, Thank you.
If you flash freeze potatoes for like french fries and onion potatoes would that still be ok ??? Thanks in advice !! Also before finding this website I found like 6 different website for 6 different things and come too your website and it has everything….
I have had luck with freezing potatoes… BUT, I use a super fast cutting machine (like 10 lbs in less than 2 minutes) and freeze immediately. I have heard a LOT of people saying that they turn brown. So, I imagine if you do them quickly you'll be fine. But then also don't let them defrost before cooking them!
If cream cheese, even sour cream is on sale, I definitely buy more. And I just put them in the freezer. I let them defrost to room temperature, then use an electric mixer to mix the ingredients together until I get a smooth texture. Works the same with frozen milk. I accidentally put a quart of milk in the freezer, and came across it 3 years after the expiration date. Reconstituted it with the mixer, and it was just as good.
What about evaporated milk in a recipe?
That should work just fine Tarina!
I am disappointed to see rice on the no-freeze list. I assumed it would freeze well because of the abundance of frozen entrees I see in the stores that include rice. Do they know some special trick for doing this?
I think it's just because they are so processed. Rice is so easy to make the day that you need it though. When you freeze then thaw it, it's mushy.


Hellboy creator Mike Mignola's next comics project will feature his take on a legendary monster.
Back in 2011, Mignola introduced Frankenstein's monster to his Dark Horse Comics "Mignolaverse" with the Hellboy graphic novel House of the Living Dead. Now he's revisiting the creature with a five-issue miniseries set to hit comic-book stores next year. Featuring story and cover art by Mignola and interior art by Baltimore artist Ben Stenbeck, Frankenstein Underground will take the monster deep into the mysteries of Mignola's creepy comic-book world.
"This version of the Frankenstein monster has the same thirst for knowledge readers will remember from Mary Shelley's novel," Dark Horse editor in chief Scott Allie said. "The monster takes the reader through some of the biggest mysteries of the Mignolaverse, shedding new light on important stuff we've only touched on before."
Mignola's always had a talent for taking legends, folklore, myth and other pre-existing stories, giving them a new spin and weaving them into his Hellboy universe, and now he's hoping to do the same with Frankenstein by giving us a version of the character that's part Mary Shelley, part Boris Karloff and all Mignolaverse.
For more details on Frankenstein Underground, check out Mignola's interview about the project with MTV, and check out Mignola's promo art for the series below.
So it looks like another comic just hit our 2015 must-read list. What do you think? Will Frankenstein Underground be on your pull list?


text:
const inquirer = require('inquirer')
const semver = require('semver')
const shell = require('shelljs')
const pkg = require('./package.json')

console.log('');
console.log('Welcome to servable release utility!');
console.log('----------------------------------------------------------------');
console.log('');

const questions = [
  {
    type: 'list',
    name: 'version',
    message: 'Which version will it be? (current is ' + pkg.version + ')',
    choices: [
      semver.inc(pkg.version, 'patch'),
      semver.inc(pkg.version, 'minor'),
      semver.inc(pkg.version, 'major'),
      semver.inc(pkg.version, 'premajor', 'rc'),
    ],
  },
  {
    type: 'list',
    name: 'dryRun',
    message: 'Do you want to release, or just see what would happen if you do?',
    choices: ['Just see', 'Release!'],
  },
];

inquirer.prompt(questions).then(function(answers) {
  const newVerison = answers.version
  const dryRun = answers.dryRun === 'Just see';

  pkg.version = newVerison;

  console.log('');
  if (dryRun) {
    console.log('Ok, here is what would happen:');
  } else {
    console.log('Doing actual release:');
  }
  console.log('');

  run(`npm version ${newVerison}`, dryRun) &&
  run('yarn build', dryRun) &&
  run('git push origin --tags', dryRun) &&
  run('npm publish', dryRun);
});

function run(cmd, dry) {
  console.log('Running `' + cmd + '`');
  if (!dry) {
    if (shell.exec(cmd, {silent: false}).code === 0) {
      console.log('... ok');
    } else {
      console.error('... fail!');
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Load your family into the 2019 Volkswagen Tiguan. Under the hood you'll find a 4 cylinder engine with more than 170 horsepower, providing a spirited, yet composed ride and drive. The engine breathes better thanks to a turbocharger, improving both performance and economy. All of the premium features expected of a Volkswagen are offered, including: a rear window wiper, a trip computer, tilt steering wheel, power windows, remote keyless entry, cruise control, and a blind spot monitoring system. Third row seats provide an even greater maximum passenger capacity. For drivers who enjoy the natural environment, a power moon roof allows an infusion of fresh air. Premium sound drives 6 speakers, providing you and your passengers a sensational audio experience. Volkswagen also prioritized safety and security with features such as: dual front impact airbags with occupant sensing airbag, head curtain airbags, traction control, brake assist, a panic alarm, an emergency communication system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. With electronic stability control supplementing mechanical systems, you'll maintain precise command of the roadway. Our sales staff will help you find the vehicle that you've been searching for. We'd be happy to answer any questions that you may have. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.


We have 2 restaurants in our Savannah listings. You can browse by tags at the right or see them all by clicking here.
Need your car repaired? Visit car-repair-shops.com for auto repair shops in Savannah.
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Wicklow RNLI all-weather lifeboat launched at 12.45pm (Thursday 7 December) to a reported kite surfer in difficulty north of Wicklow harbour.
The lifeboat under the command of Coxswain Nick Keogh was on scene three minutes after launching. Weather conditions in the area were wind north westerly force four with sea state rough.
The crew began an immediate search and quickly located a kite drifting off the north beach. During the search a member of the public in the area contacted the Coast Guard to report that the surfer had managed to paddle ashore on the Murrough.
The lifeboat crew made contact with the casualty on the beach and he made his way over to the lifeboat station to pick up his kite.
The crew on the callout were Coxswain Nick Keogh, Mechanic Brendan Copeland, Ciaran Doyle, Lisa O Leary, Carol Flahive, Ian Thompson and Matt Doyle.


text:
News Release 22-Apr-2020
Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is associated with growth delays
New study involved more than 1,700 mother-child pairs in Spain
Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)
Prenatal exposure to air pollution has been linked to various adverse effects on children's health, including lower birth weight and respiratory and neurodevelopmental problems. However, very little is known about how air pollution affects physical growth in the first years of life. A new study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), a centre supported by the "la Caixa" Foundation, has found an association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and delays in physical growth in the early years after birth.
The Spanish study, published in Environment International, analysed data from more than 1,700 mother-child pairs from Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell and Valencia enrolled in the birth cohort of the INMA Environment and Childhood Project.
The researchers estimated the exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)--two of the most common traffic-related air pollutants in cities--during the first trimester of pregnancy, using models based on levels of these pollutants measured in the study area. The evolution of the children's body mass index (BMI) from birth to age four years was recorded. Height and weight were measured at four years of age.
The results showed that greater exposure to particulate matter during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of lower weight and body mass index at four years of age. Results for NO2 exposure were similar but did not reach statistical significance.
"This prospective study suggests that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may be associated with delays in physical growth in the first years of life," commented ISGlobal researcher Serena Fossati, lead author of the study. "The implication of our findings is that prenatal exposure to air pollutants has a lasting effect on growth after birth and that this parameter should be followed up at later ages."
The biological mechanisms underpinning the adverse effects of air pollution on childhood growth "remain unclear", according to ISGlobal researcher Martine Vrijheid, the study coordinator. "The hypotheses we are considering include oxidative stress and inflammation, interference with thyroid hormones, induction of cell death due to DNA damage, and an increased risk of respiratory diseases and other health problems that could delay growth."
"What is clear is that the adverse effects of air pollution begin in the prenatal phase, so pregnant women should be considered a priority group in public health policies aimed at reducing the population's exposure to air pollution," concluded Vrijheid.
10.1016/j.envint.2020.105619
MARTA SOLANO
marta.solano@isglobal.org
Office: 0034-661-451-600
/Applied sciences and engineering/Environmental sciences/Pollution/Air pollution
/Health and medicine/Human health/Human biology/Human reproduction/Pregnancy
/Health and medicine/Human health/Biometrics/Body mass index
https://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/7721717/NDP+contaminacion+prenatal+Fossati+Env+Int+en.pdf/c9a51735-256b-4746-b4de-86fafbfa1e0a


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Marathons in Estonia | Runnerspot'"
Runnerspot helps you find the best marathons in Estonia. Browse for your next full marathon, half marathon, 10k or 5k from the list of marathons found below. We hope you will like our list of marathons in Estonia. The list of Estonia will be expanded as we onboard new races in our database.
Info! Currently, there are no events listed in Estonia. Please find other events in other countries below..


Be a unique little kitty - cat with this cute kitty nose! This funny black cat nose has an elastic band to hold it in place. This black cat nose would make the perfect addition to your childs cat costume for Halloween! One size fits most children. Not returnable.


text:
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Jérémie Voumard: "Natural hazards affecting the Swiss transportation networks: from their characterization to their low cost survey"
December 7, 2018 News, Theses_completed2018Jérémie Voumard
Jérémie Voumard
Director: Prof. Dr. Michel Jaboyedoff
Jury: Dr. Marc-Henri Derron, Dr. Andrea Pedrazzini, Dr. Nicolas Pollet, Prof. Dr. Suren Erkmann
Geological and hydro-geological natural hazards, as landslides and floods, are a threat to many transport networks built in mountainous areas. These risks, that are often small in intensity, are poorly evaluated or unknown.
This doctoral thesis focuses on the characterization and quantification of natural hazards that impact Swiss communication tracks. It also explores various remote sensing techniques dedicated to the survey of areas around traffic lanes.
A database has been created to characterize the many small events that regularly affect roads and railway lines in order to compensate the lack of knowledge. The number of events and their trends – such as their spatio-temporal distribution, the weather, the geology, the direct damages or the types of affected tracks- are thus known at the national level over a period of five years (2012-2016). It shows that a natural event, on average, disrupts the traffic every 2.1 days and that the events occur mostly during the months of June and July, late afternoon. Direct costs were estimated at CHF 4 million per year, with an average cost per event estimated at 23 400 francs.
In order to characterize the approaches to roads and railways, we have developed and tested the photogrammetric technique "on-motion Structure from Motion", whose cost is reasonable. This remote sensing technic makes possible to obtain colorized and georeferenced 3D point clouds from images taken by four action cameras placed on a moving vehicle. Its accuracy has been evaluated in laboratory conditions and on many sites. It was also compared with seven other traditional surveillance techniques to identify advantages and disadvantages.
This work highlights the impact and consequences of small-scale natural hazards that, taken as a whole, are not negligible for society. In addition, this study demonstrates that low-cost survey technic can compete with more expensive traditional survey techniques.
Keywords: Natural hazards, transportation networks, on-motion Structure for Motion, topographical survey.
Céline Longchamp: The propagation of unconstrained dry granular flows: from laboratory to numerical modelisation
February 20, 2018 Theses_completed2016Zar Chi Aye
Céline Longchamp
Director: Prof. Michel Jaboyedoff
Jury: Prof. Giovanni Crosta, Prof. Yury Podladchikov, Dr. Irene Manzella, Prof. Suren Erkman
As rock avalanches are rare catastrophic events in which granular masses of rock debris flow at high speeds, commonly with unusually long runout distances, analog and numerical modeling can provide important information about their behavior. This thesis is composed of three main contributions: (1) laboratory experiments in order to demonstrate that the basal roughness and the grainsize as well as the volume and slope angle are important parameters of the motion of a dry granular mass; (2) the analysis of rock avalanche dynamics by means of a detailed structural analysis of the deposits coming from data of 3D measurements of mass movements of different magnitudes, from decimeter level scale laboratory experiments to well-studied rock avalanches of several square kilometers magnitude; (3) development of a numerical model to simulate the laboratory experiments.
Laboratory experiments are performed with a tilting plane. Granular material is released, chutes down a slope, propagates and finally stops on a horizontal surface. Different grainsizes (115, 545 and 2605 μm) and substratum roughness (simulated by sandpapers with grainsize from 8.4 to 269 μm) are used in order to understand their influence on the motion of a granular mass. This work shows that there is a logarithmic relation between the substratum roughness and the motion of the granular flow. For same volume, slope angle and fall height, the runout of the mass is comprised between 4.5 and 11 cm. The influence of the volume and the slope angle is also investigated. The runout increases from 8 to 11 cm with volumes from 300 to 600 cm3. Contrarily to the volume, the slope angle (from 35° to 60°) influences greatly the runout of the mass front (from 5 to 20 cm).
In order to emphasize and better detect the fault structures present in the deposits, we applied a median filter with different moving windows sizes (from 3×3 to 9×9 nearest neighbors) to the 3D datasets and a gradient operator along the direction of propagation. The application of these filters on the datasets results in: (1) a precise mapping of the longitudinal and transversal displacement features observed at the surface of the deposits; (2) a more accurate interpretation of the relative movements along the deposit (i.e. normal, strike-slip, inverse faults) by using cross-sections. Results show how the use of filtering techniques reveals disguised features in the original point cloud and that similar displacement patterns are observable both in the laboratory simulation and in the real scale avalanche, regardless the size of the avalanche.
To simulate the analog granular flow, a numerical model based on the continuum mechanics approach and the solving of the shallow water equations was used. In this model, the avalanche is described from a Eulerian point of view within a continuum framework as single phase of incompressible granular material. The interaction of the flowing layer with the substratum follows a Mohr-Coulomb friction law. Within same initial conditions (slope, volume, basal friction, height of fall and initial velocity), results obtained with the numerical model are similar to those observed in the analog model. In both cases, the runout of the mass is comparable and the size of deposits matches well. Moreover, both analog and numerical modeling provide velocities of same magnitudes. In this study, we highlighted the importance of the friction on a flowing mass and the influence of the numerical resolution on the propagation. The combination of the fluid dynamics equations with the frictional law enables the self-channelization and the stop of the granular mass.
Amenan Agnès Kouame: Apport de la modélisation hydrogéologique dans l'étude des risques de contamination de la nappe d'Abidjan par les hydrocarbures: Cas du benzène dans le District D'Abidjan
Amenan Agnès Kouame
Directors: Prof. Michel Jaboyedoff and Prof. Albert Goula Bi Tié
Jury: Prof. François Zwahlen, Dr. Marc-Henri Derron, Dr. Jean Kouame Kan, Prof. Erkman Suren
This study on the aquifer of the Continental Terminal is carried out in the Abidjan District located on the coastal sedimentary basin in southern Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa). This unconfined aquifer of the city of Abidjan of Mio-Pliocene age is called "Abidjan groundwater". The water quality of this aquifer is facing with diverse sources of anthropogenic pollution such as scattered deposits of solid and liquid wastes of all kinds. Indeed, the inadequacy of sanitation and drinking water supply systems increases the pollution risk of the Abidjan's groundwater. Besides, the proliferation of petrol stations, including tank breaking, needs to be considered in the event of an accident, which poses a real threat to groundwater given the complex hydrogeological structure of the region. In order to ensure the effective protection and management of the Abidjan water table, this work proposes to evaluate the risk of contamination of groundwater in the Abidjan aquifer by hydrocarbons such as benzene for the purpose of the implementation of protective measures. To achieve such an objective, a model of underground flow and contaminant transfer was designed from field data and literature. Soil analysis showed two types of soils: sand and silty sand. Using the FEFLOW software, the predictive simulation of underground flow coupled with the transport of dissolved benzene deposited on the soil surface at the N'Dotré and Anador station was implemented. Dissolved benzene initial concentrations are 43.12 and 14.17 mg/l for the two sites respectively for variably saturated zone. The results revealed that a borehole named ZE11 of the "Zone Est"capture field is polluted after 44 years and 2 months because the threshold concentration of 0.001 mg/l is reached. A maximum concentration of 0.011 mg/l is reached at this drilling at 47 years and 2 months. In this zone, 5 other wells in this Zone, ZE1, ZE7, ZE8, ZE13, ZE14 are threatened by pollution because the dissolved benzene was detected after a time ranging from 39 to 46 years. The ZE10 has even recorded a maximum concentration of 0.0008 mg / l in 46 years. The average distance from Anador site these is 4 km. At an average distance of 2 km from the N'Dotré service station, 8 boreholes belonging to the Anonkoua Kouté, AK15 AK5, AK6, AK7, AK8, AK10 AK4 and AK17, are also threatened by pollution, dissolved benzene has been detected. for a time between 38 to 47 years.
With the software, HYDRUS, for an initial concentration of 2 mg/cm3, the dissolved benzene sets 105, 112 and more than 365 days to cross the 100 cm cylinder of sand, silty sand and clay respectively, taking into account the delay. Without delay, these times are reduced to 100, 80 and 50 days respectively for clay, silty sand and clay. Considering the sand material, the pollutant takes more than 7 years to cross the average thickness of the unsaturated zone 56 m.
During its journey, if the pollutant crosses channels, these global times could be 10 to 100 times shorter. Therefore, special attention should be given to the sites of N'Dotré and Anador in case of rupture of the tank especially as this tablecloth of Abidjan is the only source of drinking water in the District of Abidjan. The method of decontamination of the unsaturated zone proposed is "bioventing" taking into account the high percentage of sand that constitutes the soil of the District of Abidjan geological formations.
Roya Olyazadeh: Natural hazards and open source development: adoption and application of mobile and Web-GIS technologies in risk management
Roya Olyazadeh
Jury: Dr. Marc-Henri Derron, Dr. Christian Kaiser, Dr. Anne Puissant, Prof. Suren Erkman
Impacts of natural disasters have increased worldwide in the past decades. Risk assessments and analysis have been effectively pursued by research institutions, national and local governments, NGOs and different stakeholders for some time and a wide range of methodologies and technologies are proposed consequently. Nowadays, risk and disaster management including risk reduction mitigation and alternative selections are becoming more useful with World-Wide-Web and Geospatial Technologies. Web-GIS technologies offer a wide range of solutions to map the disasters, damages, analyze data and publish the results on the web. Open-source Web and Mobile GIS tools can help to improve the analysis of data and reduce the time and cost required. Open-source platforms and data have been widely used today because they stay free and facilitate access to data especially significant in developing countries. This research explores the applications and adoptions of Mobile and Web GIS technologies in the field of risk and disaster management. The purpose of this research is: (l)To review different open source web and mobile GIS systems related to Risk and Disaster management; (2) to explore the adoption and application of web and mobile GIS technologies for the collection, analysis, and decision making in disaster management; (3) to manage risk analysis using open data such as OpenStreetMap (OSM); (4) to apply advanced visualization, central database, fast and easy data and information acquisition. This research was carried out in 3 major phases: risk identification, assessment, and evaluation, which includes developing different platforms using open-source Web-GIS technologies such as OpenLayers, Leaflet maps, Cordova, GeoServer, PostgreSQL as the real DBMS (Database Management System) and PostGIS as its plugin for spatial database management. The first study presents a Web-GIS prototype using OSM data to evaluate the rapid impact of naturally produced disasters like an earthquake for the estimation of total damages. For this purpose, expert knowledge such as earthquake intensifies and vulnerability inputs are imported into the system. The second study uses the same methodology as the first platform and is applied in a teaching project (FIP) at University of Lausanne. Its purpose is to discover the relation between an open-source platform/data and students. The third application reviews the implementation and selected results of a secure Mobile map application called ROOMA (Rapid Offline-Online Mapping Application) for the rapid data collection of landslide hazard in Nepal. This prototype assists the quick creation of landslide inventory maps (LIMs) by collecting information on the type, feature, volume, date, and patterns of landslides. This application comprises Leaflet map coupled with satellite images as a base layer, drawing tools, geolocation (using GPS and the Internet), photo mapping and events clustering. The fourth study presents an improved version of ROOMA for Canton Vaud, Switzerland to collect all events and hazards such as landslide, floods, avalanches, and etc. The last platform reviews an implementation of a decision analysis module based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in the platform of a Natural Risk Management Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) called "RiskChanges". This platform involves changes in hydro-meteorological risk and delivers tools for indicating the best risk reduction alternative. This module assists the users by importing the essential factors, such as risk and cost-benefit values from other modules. Besides the combination of the multi-criteria analysis and possible future scenarios in group sessions and comparison the results by means of a numerical and graphical view are carried within the system. The results of these different platforms clarify how open- source GIS technologies can be easily adopted on different levels of risk and disaster management such as post-disaster management, teaching, decision support systems and, etc. Moreover, the results present the technical difficulties to adapt these technologies to real-life situations.
Pierrick Nicolet: Quantitative risk analysis for natural hazards at local and regional scales
June 13, 2017 Theses_completed2017, hail, landslide, Photogrammetry, risk, sinkholepnicolet
Pierrick Nicolet
Director: Prof. Dr Michel Jaboyedoff
Jury: Prof. Dr Paolo Frattini, Dr Alexander Garcia Aristizabal, Dr Markus Imhof, Dr Farrokh Nadim, Prof. Dr Suren Erkman, Prof. Dr Jean-Luc Epard
Natural hazards can have damaging consequences for human activities, causing death or economic losses. This PhD thesis concentrates on the risk of natural hazard, where risk is defined as the combination of the likelihood of a damaging event and its negative consequences. The types of hazards considered in this work are mostly geological hazards such as landslides and sinkholes, but hail is also investigated.
The first part of this work focuses on the local scale, where local stands for a small group of objects, typically a few houses or a road. First, in order to improve the characterisation of the hazard, the potential of the photogrammetric method, which consists in retrieving the 3D position of objects from a set of 2D pictures, is tested. Together with this promising method, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) are presented, since they permit to carry a camera and thus to take pictures for a photogrammetric analysis. Then, a tool to calculate the risk at local scale is presented. This tool is designed in Microsoft Excel an aims at calculating rapidly the risk using hazard maps produced according to the Swiss guidelines. A particular aspect of this model is presented in the next chapter; it reviews the methods used to calculate the conditional probability for a falling object, such as a rock block, to impact a moving vehicle, taking into account the dimensions of the block and of the vehicles. Then, prospective aspects of such a risk model are presented and deal with the addition of multiple risk scenarios and the inclusion of uncertainty in the risk analysis using a Monte-Carlo approach. To conclude this part, a method which aims at taking the protection measures into account in the hazard maps without losing the initial hazard level is presented.
The second part of this work presents risk analyses at regional scale, where the region varies from the size of a canton to the size of a (small) country. The first study concerns the risk induced by evaporite sinkholes on a building portfolio. An inventory of damaged buildings is built from different sources and projections are made to estimate the losses that the public building insurance company could face if this type of hazard was insured. Then, a stochastic model which aims at modelling shallow landslides with regard to a precipitation event, and at calculating the probability of impact with buildings is presented. It shows that the location of the landslides which occurred during the precipitation event considered in this study is positively correlated with the building location, suggesting a human influence in the landslides. To conclude this part, an analysis based on a hail event is presented and aims at relating the radar-derived maximum hailstone size reached during an event with the losses, at calculating the mean annual risk using this relation and at modelling random event to refine the risk analysis.
Although the basic principles of risk analysis are relatively simple, this work highlights the diversity of the risk analyses procedure and the need to adjust the procedure to the research question. In addition, it highlights the need for good inventories of events and consequences, since these inventories are crucial to perform a good risk analysis.
Download the PhD manuscript here
Zar Chi Aye: A collaborative web-GIS based decision support platform for risk management of natural hazards
July 14, 2016 Theses_completed2016, collaborative web-GIS, decision support system, Natural Hazards, open-source, risk managementZar Chi Aye
Zar Chi Aye
Directors: Prof. Michel Jaboyedoff and Dr. Marc-Henri Derron
Jury: Prof. François Golay, Pr. Paola Reichenbach, Dr. Ivana Ivánová, Vice-Dean Suren Erkman
Photo Credit: Civil Protection, FVG region (Italy)
One of the main problems in risk management is the lack of good communication as well as efficient and effective collaboration between the agencies, services and organizations in charge of risk prevention, mitigation and management. The involvement of various stakeholder groups is an important component of risk prevention and mitigation. This calls for an integrated and coordinated approach which helps responsible stakeholders in managing risk, starting from risk identification to the decision-making process for achieving the best combination of risk reduction strategies. As natural hazards and associated risks are spatial in nature, web-based decision support tools integrated with Geographic information systems (GIS) have been increasingly considered as useful instruments for providing decision support. Taking the advantages of modern web, spatial and open-source technologies to achieve a centralized and integrated framework, in this research, a web-GIS based collaborative decision support platform is proposed for risk management with involvement of various stakeholders. The principal purposes of this research are: (1) to conduct a systematic and integrated risk management approach with diverse involvement of different stakeholders; (2) to explore the possibility and application of interactive web-GIS decision support tools for the analysis, communication and exchange of decision support information between risk management stakeholders and (3) to propose an innovative approach to potentially enhance collaboration activities between stakeholders through interactive and participatory approaches.
The conceptual inputs of this study are based on the initial feedback, semi-structured interviews and observations obtained from the field visits and stakeholder meetings carried out in three case studies of Europe: the Małopolska Voivodeship of Poland, Buzău County of Romania and the Friuli-Venezia-Giulia region of Italy. Even though some platforms exist in study areas, no single case has a platform at hand which enables as flexible and collaborative approach for the formulation and selection of risk management measures as attempted in this study. Moreover, most platforms have focused mainly on inventory of events, risk visualization and dissemination of information. In this research, a prototype is realized and focused on the risk analysis, formulation and selection of potential measures through the use of an interactive web-GIS based interface integrated with a Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) tool. This platform is regarded not only as a web platform for centralized sharing of risk information but also for ensuring an integrated framework where involved stakeholders can analyse risk and evaluate risk reduction measures. For the prototype development, a three-tier client-server architecture backed up by Boundless (OpenGeo) was applied with its client side development environment. This developed prototype was presented to the local and regional stakeholders of the study areas and feedback was collected to understand their perspective in determining whether the platform is useful and applicable for their activities in risk management. The prototype was also further evaluated with students to obtain feedback on different aspects of the platform as well as to analyse how the application of interactive tools could assist students in studying and understanding risk management.
The main part of this research was carried out within the Marie Curie Research and Training Network "CHANGES: Changing Hydro-meteorological Risks as Analyzed by a New Generation of European Scientists" funded by European Commission's 7th framework program (www.changes-itn.eu, 2011-2014, Grant No. 263953).
The demonstration of the prototype application can be found on YouTube. You can also download the PhD manuscript here.
Raja Mastouri: Application of offshore 3D seismic combined with onshore terrestrial laser-scanning and photogrammetry to analyse faults and fractures in Eocene carbonate reservoirs and to investigate basin tectonics in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia)
July 14, 2016 Theses_completed2016, 3D seismic, Photogrammetry, tectonics, terrestrial laser-scanning, TunisiaZar Chi Aye
Raja Mastouri
Jury: Prof. Samir Bouaziz, Prof. François Marillier, Dr. Robin Marchant, Vice-Dean Suren Erkman
The detailed knowledge of the tectonic processes affecting the Gulf of Gabes, Eastern Tunisia domain, is essential in attempting to fully understand the controls of fracture development.
The 3D seismic interpretation provides a good opportunity to analyze the subsurface images better. In fact, the geometrical characteristics of the different associated fault systems and the basin individualization are well established using the 3D techniques.
Two principal systems (NW-SE and NE-SW trending extensional faults) were active during the Cenozoic and Quaternary in different phases. These faults form a series of grabens that vary in length from a few to several hundred kilometers. The structuring of NE-SW en-echelon faults indicates a strike-slip type of bordering faults. In this work, we focused on the evolution of the tectonic structures in the basin that shows the continuous extension phases of the Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene. Outcrop analogues were used to better understand fracture systems in petroleum reservoirs. In the last years, new developments in 3D high-resolution technology such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), photogrammetry digital and GigaPan provided precise 3D high-resolution data and opened new prospects for structural studies.
In this study, TLS scan data and photorealistic model were used to analyze density, spacing, and orientation of fractures that characterize the carbonate analogue of the Eocene El Garia Formation (Ousselat cliff and Jebil anticlinal) and Reineche Formation (Damous quarry), exposed in Eastern Tunisia. The analysis of fracture and fault spacing provides provided significant information on their geometric distributions and orientations. In addition, the 3D model obtained by Structure from Motion (SfM) was used to analyze density and orientation of fractures that characterize the carbonate of the Eocene Bou Dabbous Formation (Foundek el Jedid quarry). The synthesis of both sites would underline the regional features. The two main regional fracture systems trending NW-SE to NNW-SSE and NE-SW to NNE-SSW were identified. Furthermore, these systems also affected the main reservoir formations of the El Garia and Bou Dabbous reservoirs in the Eastern Tunisia. Besides, these fractures influenced fluid flows in this reservoir.
The data obtained from analogue outcrops and the 3D seismic highlight the similarity in geometry structures and fracture orientations. This combination of analogue outcrops and the 3D seismic data also shows that this basin is affected by extensional faults (N160 and N040) in offshore. In contrast, the Eocene reservoirs in onshore are affected by extensional faults (N160 and N040), and the compressive fault N030.
Battista Matasci: Rockfall susceptibility assessment and remote geological mapping with LiDAR point clouds
May 19, 2016 Theses_completed2015, LiDAR, modelling, rockfallClément Michoud
Battista Matasci
Jury: Dr. Marc-Henri Derron, Dr. Greg M. Stock, Dr. Brian Collins, Prof. Giovanni B. Crosta, Dean François Bussy
Characterizing the geological features and structures in three dimensions over inaccessible rock cliffs is needed to assess natural hazards such as rockfalls and rockslides and also to perform investigations aimed at mapping geological contacts and building stratigraphy and fold models. Indeed, the detailed 3D data, such as LiDAR point clouds, allow to study accurately the hazard processes and the structure of geologic features, in particular in vertical and overhanging rock slopes. Thus, 3D geological models have a great potential of being applied to a wide range of geological investigations both in research and applied geology projects, such as mines, tunnels and reservoirs. Recent development of ground-based remote sensing techniques (LiDAR, photogrammetry and multispectral / hyperspectral images) are revolutionizing the acquisition of morphological and geological information. As a consequence, there is a great potential for improving the modeling of geological bodies as well as failure mechanisms and stability conditions by integrating detailed remote data.
During the past ten years several large rockfall events occurred along important transportation corridors where millions of people travel every year (Switzerland: Gotthard motorway and railway; Canada: Sea to sky highway between Vancouver and Whistler). These events show that there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the detection of potential rockfalls, making mountain residential settlements and roads highly risky. It is necessary to understand the main factors that destabilize rocky outcrops even if inventories are lacking and if no clear morphological evidences of rockfall activity are observed. In order to increase the possibilities of forecasting potential future landslides, it is crucial to understand the evolution of rock slope stability. Defining the areas theoretically most prone to rockfalls can be particularly useful to simulate trajectory profiles and to generate hazard maps, which are the basis for land use planning in mountainous regions. The most important questions to address in order to assess rockfall hazard are:
Where are the most probable sources for future rockfalls located?
What are the frequencies of occurrence of these rockfalls?
I characterized the fracturing patterns in the field and with LiDAR point clouds. Afterwards, I developed a model to compute the failure mechanisms on terrestrial point clouds in order to assess the susceptibility to rockfalls at the cliff scale. Similar procedures were already available to evaluate the susceptibility to rockfalls based on aerial digital elevation models. This new model gives the possibility to detect the most susceptible rockfall sources with unprecedented detail in the vertical and overhanging areas. The results of the computation of the most probable rockfall source areas in granitic cliffs of Yosemite Valley and Mont-Blanc massif were then compared to the inventoried rockfall events to validate the calculation methods. Yosemite Valley was chosen as a test area because it has a particularly strong rockfall activity (about one rockfall every week) which 2 leads to a high rockfall hazard. The west face of the Dru was also chosen for the relevant rockfall activity and especially because it was affected by some of the largest rockfalls that occurred in the Alps during the last 10 years. Moreover, both areas were suitable because of their huge vertical and overhanging cliffs that are difficult to study with classical methods. Limit equilibrium models have been applied to several case studies to evaluate the effects of different parameters on the stability of rockslope areas. The impact of the degradation of rockbridges on the stability of large compartments in the west face of the Dru was assessed using finite element modeling. In particular I conducted a back-analysis of the large rockfall event of 2005 (265'000 m3) by integrating field observations of joint conditions, characteristics of fracturing pattern and results of geomechanical tests on the intact rock. These analyses improved our understanding of the factors that influence the stability of rock compartments and were used to define the most probable future rockfall volumes at the Dru. Terrestrial laser scanning point clouds were also successfully employed to perform geological mapping in 3D, using the intensity of the backscattered signal. Another technique to obtain vertical geological maps is combining triangulated TLS mesh with 2D geological maps. At El Capitan (Yosemite Valley) we built a georeferenced vertical map of the main plutonic rocks that was used to investigate the reasons for preferential rockwall retreat rate. Additional efforts to characterize the erosion rate were made at Monte Generoso (Ticino, southern Switzerland) where I attempted to improve the estimation of long term erosion by taking into account also the volumes of the unstable rock compartments.
Eventually, the following points summarize the main out puts of my research:
The new model to compute the failure mechanisms and the rockfall susceptibility with 3D point clouds allows to define accurately the most probable rockfall source areas at the cliff
The analysis of the rockbridges at the Dru shows the potential of integrating detailed measurements of the fractures in geomechanical models of rockmass stability.
The correction of the LiDAR intensity signal gives the possibility to classify a point cloud according to the rock type and then use this information to model complex geologic structures.
The integration of these results, on rockmass fracturing and composition, with existing methods can improve rockfall hazard assessments and enhance the interpretation of the evolution of steep rockslopes.
Clément Michoud: From Regional Landslide Detection to Site-Specific Slope Deformation Monitoring and Modelling Based on Active Remote Sensors
May 19, 2016 Theses_completed2016, InSAR, landslide, LiDAR, mapping, modelling, monitoringClément Michoud
Clément Michoud
Jury: Dr. François J. Baillifard, Prof. Lars H. Blikra, Prof. Jacques Locat, Dean François Bussy
Landslide processes can have direct and indirect consequences affecting human lives and activities. In order to improve landslide risk management procedures, this PhD thesis aims to investigate capabilities of active LiDAR and RaDAR sensors for landslides detection and characterization at regional scales, spatial risk assessment over large areas and slope instabilities monitoring and modelling at site-specific scales.
At regional scales, we first demonstrated recent boat-based mobile LiDAR capabilities to model topography of the Normand coastal cliffs. By comparing annual acquisitions, we validated as well our approach to detect surface changes and thus map rock collapses, landslides and toe erosions affecting the shoreline at a county scale. Then, we applied a spaceborne InSAR approach to detect large slope instabilities in Argentina. Based on both phase and amplitude RaDAR signals, we extracted decisive information to detect, characterize and monitor two unknown extremely slow landslides, and to quantify water level variations of an involved close dam reservoir. Finally, advanced investigations on fragmental rockfall risk assessment were conducted along roads of the Val de Bagnes, by improving approaches of the Slope Angle Distribution and the FlowR software. Therefore, both rock-mass-failure susceptibilities and relative frequencies of block propagations were assessed and rockfall hazard and risk maps could be established at the valley scale.
At slope-specific scales, in the Swiss Alps, we first integrated ground-based InSAR and terrestrial LiDAR acquisitions to map, monitor and model the Perraire rock slope deformation. By interpreting both methods individually and originally integrated as well, we therefore delimited the rockslide borders, computed volumes and highlighted non-uniform translational displacements along a wedge failure surface. Finally, we studied specific requirements and practical issues experimented on early warning systems of some of the most studied landslides worldwide. As a result, we highlighted valuable key recommendations to design new reliable systems; in addition, we also underlined conceptual issues that must be solved to improve current procedures.
To sum up, the diversity of experimented situations brought an extensive experience that revealed the potential and limitations of both methods and highlighted as well the necessity of their complementary and integrated uses.
Download the PhD manuscript
Alexandre Loye: Budgeting rockfall and modeling sediment delivery in torrent systems
February 2, 2015 Theses_completed2013, rockfall, sediment, torrent systemsZar Chi Aye
Alexandre Loye
Jury: Prof. Klaus Holliger, Prof. Michel Jaboyedoff, Dr. Marc-Henri Derron, Dr. Frédéric Liébault, Dr. Francesco Brardinoni, Prof. Oldrich Hungr
This thesis is a compilation of projects to study sediment processes recharging debris flow
channels. These works, conducted during my stay at the University of Lausanne, focus
in the geological and morphological implications of torrent catchments to characterize
debris supply, a fundamental element to predict debris flows. Other aspects of sediment
dynamics are considered, e.g. the coupling headwaters – torrent, as well as the development of a modeling software that simulates sediment transfer in torrent systems.
The sediment activity at Manival, an active torrent system of the northern French Alps,
was investigated using terrestrial laser scanning and supplemented with geostructural investigations and a survey of sediment transferred in the main torrent. A full year of sediment flux could be observed, which coincided with two debris flows and several bedload transport events. This study revealed that both debris flows generated in the torrent and were preceded in time by recharge of material from the headwaters. Debris production occurred mostly during winter-early spring and was caused by large slope failures. Sediment transfers were more puzzling, occurring almost exclusively in early spring, subordinated to runoff conditions, and in autumn during long rainfall events. Intense rainstorms in summer did not affect debris storage that seems to rely on the stability of debris deposits.
The morpho-geological implication in debris supply was evaluated using DEM and field
surveys. A slope angle-based classification of topography could characterize the mode
of debris production and transfer. A slope stability analysis derived from the structures
in rock mass could assess susceptibility to failure. The modeled rockfall source areas
included more than 97% of the recorded events and the sediment budgets appeared to be
correlated to the density of potential plane failure. This work showed that the analysis
of process-related terrain morphology and of susceptibility to slope failure document the
sediment dynamics to quantitatively assess erosion zones leading to debris flow activity.
The development of erosional landforms was evaluated by analyzing their geometry with
the orientations of potential rock slope failure and with the direction of the maximum
joint frequency. Structure in rock mass, but in particular wedge failure and the dominant
discontinuities, appear as a first-order control of erosional mechanisms affecting bedrockdominated catchments. They represent some weaknesses that are exploited primarily by mass wasting processes and erosion, promoting not only the initiation of rock couloirs and gullies, but also their propagation. Incorporating the geological control in geomorphic processes contributes to better understand the landscape evolution of active catchments.
A sediment flux algorithm was implemented in a sediment cascade model that discretizes
the torrent catchment in channel reaches and individual process-response systems. Each
conceptual element includes in a simple manner geomorphological and sediment flux information derived from GIS complemented with field mapping. This tool enables to simulate sediment transfers in channels, considering evolving debris supply and conveyance, and helps reducing uncertainty inherent to sediment budget prediction in torrent systems.
This thesis aims in a modest way to shine light on some aspects of sediment dynamics of
torrent systems.
Barcelonnette fieldtrip 2019 for Msc students
Bachelor fieldtrip in Les Diablerets
Prof. Michel Jaboyedoff
Institute of Earth Sciences
Bâtiment Géopolis


Wine country mysteries (Ellen Crosby) volume 4.
Ellen Crosby returns with the fourth book in her rich mystery series set amidst the vines of Virginia wine country.
When a tornado rips through Montgomery Estate Vineyard, it not only destroys some of Lucie Montgomery's newest grapevines, it also unearths an old grave. After the dead man is identified as a former business associate of Lucie's father, it seems everyone in Lucie's hometown has already decided Leland Montgomery is a murderer. As the evidence piles up against him, Lucie sets out to prove her father's innocence.
But Lucie has more on her mind than a dead body. Her new vineyard manager has accused her winemaker, Quinn Santori, of abusing the vineyard's migrant workers, while Lucie's relationship with Quinn grows increasingly more com- plicated. Meanwhile, Lucie has given permission to a group of Civil War re-enactors to recreate a local battle on her farm. But when one of the re-enactors is shot with live ammuni- tion, Lucie wonders whether it was an accident or an attempt at murder.
As Lucie pieces together the truth about the deaths on her estate, she learns that while everyone is entitled to a private life, living a secret life will get you in trouble. An intriguing combination of colorful characters, fascinating history, and winemaking detail, The Riesling Retribution offers the fast- paced suspense that has become Crosby's trademark.
ils:.b13121510|Book|Books||English|Scribner,|2009.|261 pages : maps ; 22 cm.


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text:
Belmar wants its last 2 families displaced by Sandy 'Home by Summer'
Published: Feb. 05, 2015, 9:24 p.m.
Rob Spahr | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
BELMAR - For more than two years, after Hurricane Sandy destroyed her family's 14th Avenue home, Teresa Keefe, her three children and her mother have been living in a Lakewood apartment with relatives.
Keefe shares a room with her 14-year-old daughter, Shayla, while her mother, Isabelle, and 9-year-old daughter, Alyssa, sleep in a dining room and her 10-year-old son, Shaun, sleeps on a futon.
But Keefe still drives her children to Belmar every day, which is about 30 minutes each way, just so they can keep going to school with their friends even if their home is still uninhabitable.
While Keefe makes the commute to Belmar every day, Krista Sperber's family has moved five times since Sandy flooded their 8th Avenue home with four feet of water for seven days, because Sperber also wants her children - Jack, 14, and Maisie, 12 - to be able to stay in the town they grew up in.
Belmar Mayor Matt Doherty announced a fundraising effort on Thursday aimed at getting the borough's last two displaced families from Hurricane Sandy back into their homes by summer. (Rob Spahr | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com)
But Sperber said her family is running out of time and money - paying for rent, as well as a mortgage and even flood insurance for a house they are not able to live in - and may soon be out of options.
Mayor Matt Doherty said these are Belmar's last two families still displaced form Hurricane Sandy, but that he expects this to change soon.
"I've talked to the mayors from a lot of other shore towns and after this much time, a lot of families are giving up. A lot of families are not going to get back home," he said. "But neither one of these families wants to quit, both of them want to be back home. And as long as they don't want to quit, we can't quit on them."
On Thursday, while standing in front of Keefe's still boarded up home, Doherty announced that the Borough of Belmar and The Saint Vincent De Paul Society of St. Rose in Belmar were undertaking an fundraising campaign, called "Home by Summer," aimed at getting both of these families by June.
"It's our goal, really it's our obligation, to raise $200,000 to get these families back home where they belong," Doherty said. "They've gone through the process, they've done everything right, they've done what was expected of them. But without our help... there's literally no light at the end of the tunnel."
Sperber told NJ Advance Media in Oct. 2013 that her insurance company refused to pay to replace the flood-damage foundation of her home - even after a specialized engineer the insurance company required them to hire declared the foundation "unsafe for use" - because the insurance company claimed the damage was not caused by flooding.
On Thursday, Sperber and her husband Mike Irwin said they are in litigation with the insurance company, but that have exactly five months until the lease on their most recent winter rental ends and the financial assistance meant to help them get by until their home was repaired runs out.
"It's been frustrating," Sperber said. "We have the builders ready to go and they say they can meet the timeline, we just have to come up with a way to pay for it."
Sperber said she has already worked every possible channel to try to get her family home.
Gov. Chris Christie meets with Belmar resident Krista Sperber and her two young children on the one-year anniversary of Hurricane Sandy. More than two years after the storm, Sperber and her family are still displaced from their home. (Rob Spahr | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com)
"I've been beating the drum nonstop, talking to everyone I can - the mayor, senators, congressmen, even the governor," said Sperber, adding Gov, Chris Christie personally promised her children in 2013 that they would back in their home within a year. "So what they're doing for us now means everything. The fact that they even though about doing it is amazing, and if it works... it's a miracle."
Keefe said her family is also still displaced because her insurance company refused to pay the amount she needed to fix her home.
"They said we should have just repaired instead of knocking it down, so they only reimbursed us enough to just repair it. But we had five different engineers condemn our home, so what were we supposed to do?" she asked. "Our roof also blew off, so we lost everything inside because we weren't able to take anything with us when we evacuated. And we were only paid for about 20 percent of what we lost."
Even though her family will never get back everything they lost in the storm, Keefe said now - thanks to the "Home by Summer" campaign - she finally feels like her family's post-Sandy nightmare could soon be over.
"I can't wait for my kids to be able to ride their bikes in front of our house again and to be able to play outside with their friends again," she said. "I can't wait for us to finally be home."
-- Donations can be made online through PayPal by going to belmar.com and clicking on the link "Home by Summer', or checks can be made out to "Home by Summer" and mailed to Borough of Belmar, Attn: Home by Summer, PO Box A, Belmar, NJ 07719.
Rob Spahr may be reached at rspahr@njadvancemedia.com. Follow him on Twitter @TheRobSpahr. Find NJ.com on Facebook.


On Sunday, July 23rd, we held a celebration of Alyssa's life on her 22nd birthday. Alyssa loved celebrating birthdays and we have many fond memories of her birthday parties. Alyssa enjoyed planning her own parties because she wanted everyone in attendance to enjoy themselves and savor the wonderful times they would spend together. In memory of her passion for music, we hosted a barbecue lunch and rooftop concert at the Ronald McDonald House in Chicago near Michigan and Grand Avenues. It was a great day to celebrate Alyssa's time with us and her passing to an eternal life.
Alyssa's cousin, Daniel, put together a team of chefs and friends who did an outstanding job preparing and serving lunch to dozens of family members on a beautiful summer afternoon. Along with the delicious food, attendees enjoyed the wonderful pop music and original compositions performed by the Summer Monkeys, an all family band of tweens and teens who also hail from Alyssa's hometown of Geneva, IL.
Many thanks to the food volunteers - Marissa and Mario Castagna, Rose and Dan Carocci, and Mario DeCarlo, and the musical siblings – George, Isabel, Adam, Emily, Eli and Jack – for cooking and playing their hearts out! Thank you also to all the friends of AAFH who volunteered to help and celebrate Alyssa's birthday!
Our lunch and the Summer Monkeys performance closed out with everyone singing 'Happy Birthday, Dear Alyssa' and a release of 22 red (her favorite color) balloons into the blue skies near Chicago's lakefront, one of Alyssa's favorite places.
As you can see in the photos, it was a party Alyssa would have loved.


There are lot of modern technology solutions we could use more in health care and in the rehabilitation work and support clients independent life. This IP is for different rehabilitation and therapy professionals (students) who are working in the health care.
One of the general objectives is to improve in the long run the quality of life and independence of disabled and aged people. The second objective is to create and develop international network cooperation in assistive technology. This network cooperation includes also institutes and enterprises. One objective is to develop learning methods for example ICT tools in education. ICT tools can also be assistive devices.
This IP will offer knowledge and skills in assistive technology. The IP will include lessons, demonstrations and project works in internationally mixed teams. This enhances student language skills and c operation skills. Team work in small teams is important part of IP. Teams will produce a learning diary, which is an output of the IP.
This is part of Lifelong Learning Programme and Finnish Centre for International Mobility (CIMO) is supporting this intensive period.


Discussion in 'iOS 7' started by eclipse01, Oct 11, 2013.
Also Fix Artist grouping to not group every album together anymore.
What are some of yours, would love to see some before IOS5 if there are any.
The artist grouping is one of my biggest wishes. Also, a more compact view of artists (ie. sans images).
That would be very nice indeed.
Being able to shuffle anywhere in your music, ie, genres.
the 4X4 folder grid in iOS 6 to replace the annoying 3X3 infifolders in iOS 7.
I'm sure when a jailbreak happens someone will make this happen. And maybe anything else people say on this forum.
Ability to turn on/off flashlight while shooting video. Worked in iOS 4 and 5. Mysteriously removed in 6 and above..... And it was so useful!
I really like the color scheme & general look of the calendar. I just REALLY miss the list view (the search list is "ok" but I'd rather the list be my default view when I first open the calendar).
Bring back the ability to have "find my Iphone" available under a 2nd Apple ID account. So that my entire group of family devices can be tracked at once. ....Yes, I know about find my friends.
THIS! I thought that it was silly to divide them.
When I occasionally bounce back to using my 3GS, that is my favorite 'forgotten' feature.
Faces & Places, tabs like they used to be.
Photo Frame slideshow button back on iPad.
- Bring back the ability to add photos to a shared photostream directly from Photos app via sharing.
- Return to a black background in photo apps.
- Return to a stylish well thought out skin.
- Make the 'slide to unlock' area the only area that will unlock the phone. Many times I've pulled my phone out of my pocket to look at notifications but the phone is on the passcode screen.
I'm not saying keep it same as IOS6 but it's obvious the amount of time and effort that went into making IOS 7 as well thought as in the past was minimal. The contacts app is almost plain text as are other built-in apps. To me it's very boring and dull.
I'd be ok with the IOS 7 design but Apple should add some differentiation to text fields, menu bars, and tone down the colors of the icons to an 'adult' level.
The single pane notification centre with icons instead of endless scrolling to see what my day looks like. If I'd like them it to not day 'you have 2 appointments tomorrow' I want to friggin know what they are. I want icons for weather instead of an essay to read.
When adding music to playlists, you used to be able to browse existing playlists and add music from them to the playlist you're editing.
Create a workout playlist. Add songs from favourites playlist to workout playlist.
You can't do that now. You have to add from albums/songs/artists/etc.


Here at Student Motorsport we pride ourselves on connecting to and working with as many professionals, organisations and employers as we can. We also like to keep things structured and have simple membership terms so that things are transparent for you. Our way of thinking is to give you access to our services and therefore people who you wish to work with or employ. We're 'handing over' the power to you and allowing you to find the people you need rather than they finding you...we're also keen to improve the way that recruitment works for motorsport professionals.
A. Be directly involved in the motorsport industry such as a teacher, tutor, professional, organisation, employer or race team where motorsport students and graduates can potentially engage in or learn from your activities.
B. Be a motorsport professional, company, employer or race team where motorsport students and graduates can benefit from your expertise.
C. Be prepared to contribute to our community and help to inspire the next generation of motorsport professionals.
D. Upload your professional status and details such as your profession, company or organisation name and work evidence to your profile, this area is included in our registration form.
All we ask is that you ensure you select and complete your registration with the relevant access level selected i.e. 'professional'. When the time comes and if and when you change employment simply keep your professional member profile updated. Or if you perhaps return to study please contact us to upgrade your access to a student membership level. We focus on attention to details therefore it's so important that we have your membership access and profile updated accordingly.
All new applications will be validated and monitored to ensure you register on the correct membership level and are following the membership guidelines which can be found in our terms and conditions.
Professional membership is valid from registration date and professional members can enjoy full access to the website and all of its features. Professional memberships are free barring a £4.99 administration fee and are expected to run until you contact us otherwise, all we ask is that you ensure you update your profile content to reflect any changes in the status of your business or motorsport activities. Keep an eye out for company news articles in the Resource Centre for news on new features that are to be released in the ongoing development of our website and community.
If you are not satisfied with your membership to our website or have any suggestions you can contact us to advise your intentions to withdraw your membership or provide us with some feedback. We hope however that this will not be necessary and that you fully enjoy and take advantage of this fantastic opportunity to further immerse yourself in our community, access opportunities and contribute to the motorsport industry.
Don't forget we're always looking for people to join us in our venture, share our vision and help us to do more for young people interested in entering into the motorsport industry so why not challenge yourself and get involved. We are always looking for your input, ideas and areas of interest so that we can develop the website and this area to suit you.


We currently have no business recommendations being that Zazz didn't stay in any guest houses or hostels while in Australia. The cost of renting a room in a share-house is the same, if not cheaper sometimes, as renting a room in a hostel. Buying and living in a van and road-tripping through Australia is another popular option.
Is Zazz's recommendation for finding accommodation while first arriving in Australia.
Is where you go to rent a room, find a job, or buy a van.


This family of five characters; Sir Nathaniel Westminster the father, Lady Hillary the mother, Maxwell the boy, Annabel the girl and Woody the baby, were given to children holding accounts with the Bank, depending on the balance achieved. The characters have become real collectors pieces and appear regularly on the internet auction sites. NatWest stopped the promotion in 1988.
Occasionally an unusual variation of the famous five appears, such as the pink, unpainted Woody to the right. The photograph was kindly provided by Nichola.
Even more collectable is "Cousin Wesley", another character in the same series, but very much rarer. He was the sixth in the series, was modelled by Ken Holmes, and was released in 1998. Wesley was generally available when opening a "Children's Bond" for a child under the age of 16, with a 5 year investment of £1000. However it is now understood that some were given away by NatWest branches in a free prize draw in December 1998.
Only 5000 were ever made by Wade.
They are extremely collectable and sell for well in excess of £200.
But beware there are a lot of fakes around.
NatWest originally appointed an advertising agency to produce an advertising campaign for their proposed Children's Savings Account and Andy Hill became responsible for producing the original drawings of the pigs from which Paul Cardew, who owned Sunshine Ceramics, made the first models.
We are most grateful to Andy Hill for the following photographs which show some of the original drawings and stills from the filming of the TV adverts. Five complete sets of the pigs were originally produced for the TV commercial.
unexpectedly high demand for the piggy banks and production of the pigs was passed to Wade Ceramics Ltd.
The family of pigs started with baby Woody for children who opened an account with a minimum of £3 and after six months, if the account contained at least £25, they received Annabel. After one year, if the account had grown to at least £50, the savers received Maxwell and at eighteen months if the account held £75 the children were rewarded with Lady Hillary. After two years, if the account had risen to at least £100, Sir Nathaniel was presented.
In total Wade produced more than 5 million pigs but relatively few children managed to complete the set as £100 was a large sum to save at that time. As a result Sir Nathaniel was in far less demand and fewer were produced, resulting in his higher value on the current market.
One puzzle still remains today - who made the Annabel pigs that have no "Wade" mark but instead have a "Made in England" backstamp?
The rarest of the NatWest series is undoubtedly the "Gold Woody" who was glazed with 22 carat gold leaf. A limited number were made specially for presentation to the board of directors of the NatWest Bank and at approximately the same time 25 were given as prizes in a Treasure Hunt competition run by the NatWest Piggy Press. All are understood to have been accompanied by a certificate of authenticity of some description.
They are exceptionally rare and are therefore unlikely to come on to the market.
FAKE - The Gold Woody pictured above has been inspected by Wade and is a fake.
FAKE - The Cousin Wesley above with the red hat and shorts and green shirt is a fake.
FAKE - The Platinum Cousin Wesley, above right, is a fake, as is the Gold Annabel.
FAKE - There is a fake Cousin Wesley with green hat and shorts and a yellow shirt.
FAKE - It is claimed that gold Cousin Wesley's were made, but Wade say they would be fakes.
There have been a lot of these white coated Sir Nathaniels around over the past years and we are led to believe that they are fakes. They are also sometimes referred to as the "President". The original story was that a paintress at the Wade factory made two of these models and smuggled them out of the pottery.


Smash your 2019 goals with these New Year's resolution ideas!
Two words for going energy efficient this summer. Solar panels!
Watering words of wisdom to save on your garden.
The sun's out! Time to enjoy the weather with Perth's top outdoor activities.
It's Movember! The month men grow their macho mo's for a great cause!


Ideally I would have written a post about Edric being home 9 months and Edric being home 10 months but honestly I can only do so much and there is only so much time and so they go together. I did find out too as I went looking that while I thought I had messed up and skipped his 7th month home photos, I in fact didn't and took them, but wrote the wrong date on his 8 month home photos and so I have two sets of photos that say 7 months home and list April when in fact one was actually in May. You know, all three kids are alive, breathing, fed, happy and doing well, what's a few missed dates and who really always knows what the month is? I always have to be careful when I ask patient's what the date is when I'm examining them. Most of the time I'm not actually sure.
Anyway, on to the real point. Edric is doing well. His language is exploding and it has been so much fun to see. He is still months and even 1-2 years behind where he should be (which is hard to say when he's only 3), but the growth is happening and words are coming. And he's figured out that talking and attempting to communicate only helps him and is a huge asset in his life.
He loves all things water. If we are in the back yard I have to watch because the moment I turn my back he inevitably has turned the water on. And he has figured out how to use the stool in the bathroom and loves to go "wash his hands" which inevitably turns into "flooding the bathroom and anything on the first floor".
Edric loves to smile and giggle and loves to be tickled. He adores his big brothers. He calls Leighton "Lay-lay" and his version of Caedmon sounds like "Bade-In". He follows and tries to do whatever they are doing. They all get along well, they have their moments but all in all they are like three peas in a pod (with WAY more energy). We've been talking and praying for Paxton and Coppelia's adoption and so when he prays he often says "home", to ask for them to come home soon.
His development is all over the place, at times parts of him are like a 12-18 month old, there's still a strong part that is 2 year old, and yet he is developing the strong 3 year old emotions and all that comes with that. He's a bit of a mixed bag, but growing and learning. His whole world was turned upside down less than a year ago and we are slowly getting to steady and figuring out our new normals.


33 Responses to iAnnotate PDF App for the iPad – Almost one of the best apps for medical professionals and students on the iPad [App Review] Eric P May 11, 2010 at 9:01 am # …... 16/12/2010 · After doing some research on converting from PDF to other filetypes I am not so worried about #2. It seems that as long as I can annotate/write on some filetypes, I will be able to convert my PDFs (even the graph, figure heavy ones) into those file types and write on the new converted versions.
On the other hand there is the pdf-presenter-console, that is a very nice console (like the one from Impress) and can work with PDFs, but has no stylus/pen option. And there is Xournal , that has full annotation opportunities, but is not so suitable for a presentation.
16/12/2010 · After doing some research on converting from PDF to other filetypes I am not so worried about #2. It seems that as long as I can annotate/write on some filetypes, I will be able to convert my PDFs (even the graph, figure heavy ones) into those file types and write on the new converted versions.
15/04/2014 · PDF Expert is a fantastic reading and annotation tool, I highly recommend it for this purpose. You might find the "review" mode to be rather helpful, this actually allows you to make in-line modifications to the contents of a PDF. (GoodReader is another option but I find the user interface to be VERY cumbersome).


The most popular word for this fall is COZY. Sweaters are the hot ticket and they are making them for our southern climate. My first look is a Pink Cardigan $69. I have it on with these Grey Jeans $69. This is a cute date night look. I will wear this cardi to work over a black dress or black pants with a black and white print top. I will even wear it with my PJ's when I get off work. The next look is perfect for my MSU friends. This Pink Sweater $34 is so perfect with Maroon Jeans $69 for gameday. I wore this Olive Cardigan $40 shopping for fall plants with my cut off and this cute Peplum Tank $39. This cardigan is perfect for light layering. And can we talk about these cute Studded Slides $39.99.... I wore them for three days straight. We all need something mustard this fall and this Mustard Duster $49.99 is so expensive looking. I paired it with a graphic T and jeans. The IT basic is the Waffle Knit Top $30 I have it on in black but it comes in 4 different colors. It flatters everybody. Pink Possum is located at 105 Lexington Dr. Gluckstadt Ms 601-898-1844 The website is pinkpossumboutique.com You can also shop them on Facebook and Instagram. They are happy to ship. I have a discount code Jane15 for 15% off!
Update your Fall Wardrobe with Some Great Pieces from Faith and Candy.