The proposed vote either for independence or greater autonomy for Bougainville is no simple and easy task to conclude in anybody's language due to the complexity of the issue.
There are far too many ill-explained and misunderstood issues that have to be ironed out by and between all stakeholders concerned.
This includes the people there themselves, their autonomous government, local hierarchies and the national government on the other hand.
It is a complex legal matter also in itself due to the many questions arising about the definitions and meanings of certain provisions contained not only in the Bougainville Peace Agreement but the Constitution and the Organic Laws governing Bougainville.
A Bougainville Referendum Commission has already been established by law and is yet to be fully resourced and functional as the main vehicle to drive the referendum process.
Its prolonged establishment has not done any good with the fast approaching referendum date target of June 15, 2019 of which most people on the ground are just familiar in context of the timing.
What entails the process though and its implications are what the people have to be properly briefed and made to understand at heart.
The more complex issues have to be explained properly to the people and so far the time frame does not allow the more pertinent implications of the exercise to be explained to the people and all other stakeholders.
Credit must be given to those on the ground and other international agencies involved in preparing the people for the referendum because they are stepping into an area which should have been implemented a long time ago.
The BRC itself seems unsure of how it can implement all provisions of its mandate because they do not seem to have the resources to do that financial or otherwise.
Credit must be given to the government for the caliber of the BRC's membership led by a very experienced former Prime Minister of Ireland Bertie Ahern.
Mr Ahern and his team must be fully resourced within this short time frame no matter what in order to progress the exercise at the required level.
And if they seek a deferral of a couple of months for the conduct of the referendum, so be it in order to provide the guarantee that the exercise will be conducted professionally and according to world standards and international expectations.
Their full budgetary requirements should be remitted to them now in order for them to undertake this massive task, a first for PNG, and in keeping up to and achieving the set targets under the Bougainville Peace Agreement and the Constitution.
Referendum is a critical matter and the country must be seen to be capable of delivering positive results out of its commitment to achieving lasting peace for the sake of both the Bougainville and PNG people.


text:
Eid journey with advance train tickets begins
Star Digital Report
Wed Apr 27, 2022 12:47 PM Last update on: Wed Apr 27, 2022 06:20 PM
People waiting for train at the platform of Kamalapur railway station on April 27, 2022. Photo: Anisur Rahman
Eid journey with advance train tickets began today as people are leaving Dhaka to celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr with their loved ones.
Even on the last day of advance train ticket sales today, long queues were seen at each of the 16 counters of Dhaka's Kamalapur station. The queues extended all the way to the road. Some of the ticket seekers stood in line after sehri and some, the night before.
People boarding train at Kamalapur railway station on April 27, 2022. Photo: Anisur Rahman
Anisur Rahman, The Daily Star's photojournalist who was at the station, said, "Thousands of people are waiting for tickets in front of the counters. Whenever any of the counters declare that tickets are sold out, people in queues are shouting. In comparison, there was less rush at the platform of the station on the first day of Eid journey."
People waiting for train at Kamalapur railway station on April 27, 2022. Photo: Anisur Rahman
Sale of tickets for May 1 is going on today with the possible date of Eid on May 2.
According to Kamalapur station authorities, 53,000 passengers will leave Dhaka by train every day during this Eid-ul-Fitr.
Huge rush of ticket-seekers at the counters. Photo: Anisur Rahman
Six special trains will run along with intercity and local trains on the occasion of Eid, the railway authorities said. These include Chandpur Special 2 pairs, Dewanganj Special 1 pair, Sholakia Special 2 pairs and 1 pair of Khulna Special.
However, tickets for these trains will have to purchased directly from the counters.
The advance sale of train tickets began on Saturday (April 23, 2022). Tickets for today (April 27) were sold that day.
According to government instructions to prevent black marketing of tickets, passengers will have to show a photocopy of their National Identity Card (NID) or birth certificate at the station counter while buying tickets in advance.
After Eid, the return journey will start from May 5 – tickets for that date will be sold on May 1. Tickets can be purchased on May 2 for May 6, May 3 for May 7, and May 4 for May 8 respectively.
Eid journey / train journey / Eid-ul-Fitr 2022 / advance train tickets / Kamalapur Railway Station / Eid journey 2022
Homegoers suffer as trains run late
Road crashes kill 14 on Eid day
Journey home for Eid: Smoother than expected
Accidents & Fires
3 including 10-month-old killed in Bagerhat bus-truck collision
No colours in the chars on Eid
এইমাত্র|বিশ্ব

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: polymer : command not found I am using ubuntu 16.04. I have install polymer-cli npm install -g polymer-cli which is properly installed but when I enter command polymer server
it is throwing error that polymer:command not found.

A: To check if a package is globally installed you can take a look at the npm root folder.
npm root -g will show you the root folder
ls $(npm root -g) therefore lists all public installed packages.
If you do not find polymer-cli there then your global installation was not successful... if you find it there but you still can not use it you probably want to try to reinstall it.

A: For me the answer relied in the fact that the bin folder of node wasn't defined in PATH.
The fix for me was to add it to the export PATH= part in my .zshrc-file or, if you don't use ZSH, .bash_profile. To know what to add to this PATH export run npm bin -g. For me the output was /usr/local/Cellar/node/11.14.0_1/bin. After this I opened my .zshrc-file and added the :/usr/local/Cellar/node/11.14.0_1/bin to the PATH definition. Notice the : which distinguishes a new location.
export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/Cellar/node/11.14.0_1/bin"
Good luck!

A: If polymer-cli is globally installed successfully, change your path environment variable - add polymer.js' parent directory to it and polymer serve will work. You'll find polymer.js in .npm-global/bin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
FunFunky.com Funky Web that Spreads Joy Around You 2012-06-21T19:34:24+06:30 http://www.funfunky.com/feed.php?f=41&t&mode 2012-06-21T19:34:24+06:30 2012-06-21T19:34:24+06:30 http://www.funfunky.com/viewtopic.php?t=2927&p=151239#p151239
Samsung is one of main sponsors of the London Olympics 2012. The company posted that its shares doubled in China markets after Beijing Olympics in 2008.
However, ardent Indian smartphone lovers have to wait a while before they get to lay their hands on the next Galaxy. There are reports claiming that the South Korean electronics giant (Samsung) has decided to introduce its Galaxy entrant in the Indian markets around June.
The new Galaxy S3 has been packed with various Gennext features that will defiantly challenge iPhone makers and other rivals as well.
During the launch of the Galaxy S3, the Korean based manufacturer, didn't reveal which US carrier would offer the device. However, speculations of Sprint undertaking the launch of the anticipated handset by the end of this year were doing the rounds.
Sprint has already worked closely with the Korean giant on its last two Galaxy versions, providing Epic 4G in 2010 and Epic 4G Touch last year. Hence, the market is abuzz with rumors that both Samsung and Sprint may team up again for Galaxy S3.
At present there is no official word about a Sprint-specific model. However, the next Samsung Galaxy is expected to run on operator(s) providing 4G LTE network.
Specifications of the new Samsung Galaxy S3:
Display: Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors, 720 x 1280 pixels, 4.8 inches (306 ppi pixel density), multitouch, Corning Gorilla Glass 2, TouchWiz UI v4.0.
Size and Weight: 136.6 x 70.6 x 8.6 mm dimensions, weighing 133 grams.
OS: Android OS, v4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
Processor: Exynos 4212 Quad chipset, Quad-core 1.4 GHz Cortex-A9 CPU, Mali-400MP GPU.
Camera: 8-megapixel with 3264x2448 pixels, autofocus, LED flash, HD video and image recording, geo-tagging, touch focus, face and smile detection and image stabilization.
In addition, there's also a 1.9-megapixel secondary camera, 720p@30fps.
Memory: In-built memory 16/32 GB storage and expandable upto 64 GB via MicroSD, 1 GB RAM.
Network: 2G Network (GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900), 3G Network.
(HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1900 / 2100), 4G Network LTE (regional).
Data Speed: HSDPA, 21 Mbps; HSUPA, 5.76 Mbps; Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n, DLNA, Wi-Fi Direct, Wi-Fi hotspot, Bluetooth v4.0 with A2DP, EDR.
Since the beginning, Chrome has been designed to allow apps to do more faster. But Google also made changes in Chrome to make it even easier to access favorite apps and discover new favorites. In the latest stable release of Chrome, the company completely redesigned the New Tab page. The company claims it to be more streamlined now and hence it becomes easier to access and organise apps in different sections on the page.
Google's blog-publishing service Blogger has also been given a new look. The company has rewritten the entire editing and management experience from scratch so that it becomes faster and more efficient for users to update and improve over time. Whether the user is on a dashboard or settings page of blogger.com, he can always create or edit posts with just one click at the top of the screen. The post editor has also been expanded and simplified to give users a larger canvas for drafting and previewing their work.
Opening a new front in its battle with Apple's iTunes, Google has come up with its much-anticipated digital music store in the US. Some songs are free, while others have been priced at 69 cents, 99 cents and $1.29 - the same prices as on Apple's iTunes. Artists whose work is available right away include Adele, Jay-Z and Pearl Jam. The store will feature dozens of free tracks from artists like Coldplay, Rolling Stones and Busta Rhymes.
Google is in the process of killing a number of its initiatives, which have failed to make the impact as the company had hoped. Google is calling it an out-of-season spring cleaning session. The services which the company has planned to shut down include Google Buzz, Google Wave, Google Knol, Google Friend Connect, Google Bookmarks Lists and Google Gears.
Google has released its latest version of the Android operating system - Android 4.0, codenamed 'Ice Cream Sandwich'. Google has not only refined the already existing applications and functionalities, but has also introduced a number of new features
In a bid to counter Facebook's popularity, Google came up with a new social networking site Google Plus in late June. Earlier, Google Plus was open only to individuals, but it opend the service for businesses also in the month of November. Meanwhile, the company added a social layer to Gmail by adding integration with its new social service, Google plus.
Gmail gets a new look. Google has also released the refereshed interface for its popular email service Gmail. Users can move to the new look by clicking on Switch to the new look in the bottom-right of Gmail. The new features on Gmail include redesigned email threads that now display profile pictures of contacts. Users can also choose the density of conversations displayed by choosing between three displays: Confortable, cozy and compact. Google had first announced its plans for a Gmail makeover in July this year.
Google's mapping technology has been upgraded by including indoor maping. Google's next frontier in digital mapping will span the world's shopping malls and airports. An upgrade of Google's mobile mapping service has been released that includes directions within stores, malls, airports and transit centers in the US and Japan.


text:
Creating a culture of continuous improvement: an interview with Professor Julia Black
0 comments | 1 shares
As part of Women's History Month at LSE, Professor Julia Black – LSE's Pro-Director for Research and Professor of Law – spoke with Isabella Chan of LSE's Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) team about achieving dramatic improvements in gender equality at the School, engendering cultural change, and the importance of inspiring role models.
Isabella Chan: Right, so, thank you Julia for agreeing to take part in this interview. When looking at LSE as an institution, how would you characterise the school's record on equality in general and gender equality specifically please?
Julia Black: I think the School has been a bit complacent. I think the School has assumed that because it was out there bettering society, that everything inside was fine, and there were no problems that it needed to get to grips with. And I think there have been a few shocks to that complacency, which have made a number of people in the organisation realise that some of the demands that a number of others within the organisation – women, ethnic minorities, disabled people – have been making for a long time actually now need to be listened to. So I think, oddly, we have the men's rugby club to thank for an awful lot of work which is currently underway, because I think that really did make the institution go 'wow – there are things going on here that we actually do need to address and we need to take control of.' So, the School has been a bit complacent and as a result it's quite a long way behind the curve – from other institutions and other organisations – in terms of structures, processes, expectations, culture and working practices.
Isabella: So these are, you think, aspects of the School that perhaps strike you as problematic – the culture that has been here quite a long time?
Julia: Yes, I think culture is made up of lots of little things – lots of little ways that people behave, things that happen without anybody really taking a conscious decision. There has never been a conscious decision that we are going to operate in an environment which is not congenial to different minorities, which is not congenial to the promotion of women into senior positions. There has never been any kind of conscious decision. But what we have had is a series of actions, ways of working, cultures, which have led us to be in the situation where we are, as I say, some considerable way behind other organisations, and we are now taking conscious note of how it is we are behaving as an organisation, how it is we are behaving as individuals, and what the implications of some of those behaviours and practices have been.
Isabella: What would you say are the causes for gender-based inequalities within LSE? Are there, perhaps, obvious obstacles that exist? Are there particular features of the School culture that can create difficulties?
Julia: So this is a really difficult question – this is what we are trying to work through at the moment. And we have to think of it both in terms of the academics and in terms of professional services divisions. And we know on both sides of the house, as it were, that, in LSE 'job speak', at the band eight level – so that's around about assistant professorial level, or band eight on the professional services level – that the ratio of men to women flips, on both sides, and gets progressively worse in terms of gender imbalance as you move up the ranks. And, in fact, we are slightly better on the academic side in terms of having senior women in post – I think there are about 25 per cent of our professors who are female, which is not so far out of line with the higher education sector as a whole. Though I think we need to compare ourselves with the social sciences, rather than including all the STEMM [science, technology, engineering, medicine and mathematics] subjects because of the distortions that that introduces. But on the professional services side, we are dreadful, absolutely dreadful. We have one divisional director who is a woman, who is Nicola Wright, the Director of Library Services. We have a cadre of women at the band nine level, which is really strong, but small. We are way out of line with the rest of the higher education sector there. And so I think what we need to do is really understand well, what have we been doing – have we maybe just been sleepwalking? Have we really not taken proper cognisance of some of the difficulties and challenges that there are in place? We've been quite slow on introducing clear, very flexible modes of working, which affect professional service staff more than they do academics, because as an academic it is much easier to work flexibly. Academics don't need to request permission from a line manager to attend a school assembly. But in relation to promotion for both, have we not been mentoring effectively? Not been putting people forward effectively? And I think it comes down to those wholescale structural changes and I think we may well have been an organisation where you respond to the people who shout loudest, and the people who shout loudest don't tend to be women.
Isabella: Oh right, so that is a particular thing in higher education and everywhere really, culturally, that women don't shout that loud?
Julia: Women don't shout that loudly! In fact, it's slightly off-piste, but I was reading a piece in the FT today about venture capital. Although start-ups run by women are more likely to be successful than those run by men, men are more successful at getting money from equity providers than women, because they go out and they do a 'big ask'.
Isabella: That's interesting! As an institution, what are the key challenges for the school in overcoming the barriers to gender equality? Are there particular initiatives and changes that should be implemented?
Julia: Okay, so the barriers are huge, but we have got, finally, a number of initiatives underway. We have the EDI Taskforce, which is very important and has a whole remit of not just gender equality, but all protected characteristics, and not just staff, but including students. So, taking that holistic perspective across the whole of the institution and across all different minorities is absolutely critical – otherwise we just privilege one to the exclusion of everybody else which would not be a very inclusive 'inclusion' strategy! So there's the taskforce and, particularly in the area of gender equality, there is the Athena SWAN charter mark – which, of course, I am the chair of and I lead – and that is something that is quite familiar across the rest of the higher education sector, because it has been required for the STEMM subjects for quite some time now. It's new to social sciences, arts and humanities, and therefore very new to the LSE. It prompts very mixed responses. For some, it is actually just a tick-box exercise and something that we shouldn't bother to engage in because it denigrates any actions to trying to improve equality and inclusiveness, because it is seen as an excuse for doing nothing, whilst getting a badge of legitimacy, so you can wave a trophy around and say 'oh, we've got this but we haven't actually done anything.' Symbolic compliance, in other words. But to my mind it is an organisational choice, whether or not we have symbolic compliance or we actually have an engine, a lever, for actually producing much more fundamental cultural change. And for me, we could fill in some boxes and we could take some things and we could get somebody fantastic to go and write it like Isabella [Santamaria] that would get us the award, at least bronze, but that's not the point. It's not a question of, to paraphrase some colleagues within the LSE, of 'hitting the target but missing the point'. So for me, Athena is absolutely critical because it is a really important lever to actually get in place different policies, different practices, and thereby – slowly, slowly, slowly – engender some cultural change.
Isabella: And hopefully we will actually be leading the way, as we do in the social sciences… we will be leading the way in gender equality in the future!
Julia: We should lead the way, in everything that we do! We are so focused on leading the way in everything we do in research. We haven't focused enough on how the whole organisation runs, including our professional services support divisions – so we absolutely have to do that.
Isabella: Thank you – that's helpful. To ensure that there is continuous improvement over time, how should LSE seek to monitor the impact of equality initiatives and evaluate progress?
Julia: It's a really important issue – actually quite difficult to do. But there are some quick wins, largely because we've done nothing to date! So, you know, there are key KPIs [key performance indicators] – the charter marks, as I say. There are very mixed views around them, but you know, they are an external validation, whether you like them or not and so the Athena SWAN charter mark, the Stonewall Workplace Equality Index, the Race Equality Charter – all of those are externals coming in to have a look at you, holding up a mirror, and saying, well actually this is what we think you look like. So they are necessary and they are part of a validation process. There are other metrics that are key around promotions, obviously, and around pay. But the key metrics I think are around staff satisfaction. The analysis of the staff survey by gender, for example, showed quite wide disparities in terms of levels of work satisfaction. Do I feel that my tasks and skills are being used appropriately? Far more men think that's true across the School than do women. So, what are we missing? What are we missing here? We've got talented people here. We need to use their talents fully – everywhere. So why are we not doing that? So a lot of it is going to be a lot of drilling down, but we do have some good metrics and some good benchmarks that we can start to use, and then we just need to develop more sophisticated ones as we start doing that analysis of all our different policies and practices.
Isabella: And also I suppose with achieving the charter marks – having these action plans in place and then reporting on achieving the action plans – would be a way of monitoring and evaluating progress?
Julia: Absolutely, and we should seek to improve on all of those. Okay, so when we go back to the ECU for revalidation of our Athena SWAN award, assuming we get bronze, we want to be going up to silver, and once we achieve silver then we need to aim for gold. And similarly with all of these different things. There has to be a culture of continuous improvement.
Isabella: Thank you. What is your view on the importance of inspiring role models across various positions at LSE for women at the school?
Julia: Ah, it's critical. It's absolutely critical because you, if you have senior women in place, or you have people from ethnic minorities in place, or disabled – heavens above (we really do very badly on that) – people in decision-making capacities and senior positions, then other people can go 'well, I can do that. She's done that, he's done that, they've done that, I could do that. There is no reason why I can't.' And we know that modelling behaviour is the way that you get behaviours to change. It is not do what I say; it is do what I do – and so having those role models is absolutely vital.
Isabella: And I suppose the school is investing in preparing role models to be visible?
Julia: We are starting, we are starting! Taking our baby steps! The leadership programme – which was introduced a few years ago – I think is a really important vehicle. It's not, again, none of these things is a quick fix, but increasing the content and awareness around unconscious bias, around EDI issues specifically in specific modules, I think is a very good way of introducing a kind of awareness – and that runs across professional service divisions and academics. To my mind, the leadership programme should be rolled out across all heads of department. Every HOD should have to go on that leadership programme, and they should have to include those kinds of modules addressing EDI issues. We've also got different things, other training, external training, that we are making available to people – the Aurora training programme for women, there are the different training programs run by Stonewall, there are initiatives for LGBT+ leadership, for race equality, for ethnic minority leadership. Now there is always an issue about whether you should have segmented training or whether you should mainstream. At the moment we should just do both, because we should just do as much as we can to try to foster an EDI culture and set of practices, and to enable us to get through that glass ceiling that is there at the band 8, as I mentioned before – across the whole School. You know, which is down to a bunch of different factors but we've got to start breaking that and making people aware of the fact that women, in this case, can be leaders, and make women aware themselves that they can be leaders.
Isabella: And having role models that would illustrate this…
Julia: … having role models and mentors. We don't have a very sophisticated mentoring scheme at the moment, and I think that will be a key elements of just saying to people, 'you can do this'. But also helping people get through different stages in their lives – particularly if you've got caring responsibilities for young children, or elderly parents, then recognising that people's pace of work is going to change as they go through those periods, but to enable them to pick back up again as their lives move on and circumstances change.
Isabella: Lovely, thank you – that's really helpful. That's really quite inspiring to see the institution working in such a positive way. Given your experience as a successful academic and professor at LSE, are there any tips for success that you could share with others?
Julia: That's always really difficult, isn't it?! Because it always sounds a bit smug! Well, I don't sleep a lot! I manage to fit quite a lot in. It's very difficult to do this without sounding, as I say, quite smug. One, get the right partner – get yourself a partner who is going to help out with the childcare, with all the housework, all the household chores and see it as an equal partnership. And I think the second thing is to recognise that, you know, that it is not a linear progression. Having a career is not a linear progression – you don't move at the same speed, at the same rate at different times. So I backed off for five years while I had my two children, so I was part-time for most of that time, and when I was at 0.4FTE I was down to 16 hours childcare week, and all my work just had to be done in those 16 hours and the rest in the nooks and crannies of the rest of the day – mostly very early mornings and very late evenings. But that was just a conscious decision I took. But then the balance shifts, so, be flexible, get the right partner, and just keep going, just keep going – don't be knocked back and don't let anybody else knock you back!
Isabella: And if there will be times where you need mentors or you need support, then ask for mentors or for support, or go to your line manager and explain your need to move forward with your career? I suppose, specifically now the School is looking to implement a very effective mentoring scheme, this would be a way of supporting women, or supporting everybody, who would want really to move forward in their academic career, or in their career within LSE?
Julia: Absolutely. Absolutely and formalising that and both parties understanding what the mentoring relationship is for and making sure that it is quite separate from the formal career development process. But, having mentors formal and informal is always critical, isn't it? We always need that.
Isabella: Thank you very much for your thoughtful answers and thanks for giving us the time to interview you!
Julia: It was a pleasure!
Find out more about LSE Women: making history #LSEwomen
Posted In: Featured | Uncategorized
Gender quotas and the crisis of the mediocre man
Sociology and the Gay Liberation Front – Bob Mellors at LSE
Examining feminist and postfeminist sensibilities: SlutWalk, representation and self-representation
Five minutes with Sophie Walker: Women, equality, and doing politics differently


BBC Radio 4 has started a new series on the English language, titled Fry's English Delight. In the second programme, which you can listen to below, Fry explores the subject of pronunciation. He is joined by experts of communication skills and elocution to dicuss the power of proper pronunciation. The radio broadcast will be available online for a few more days.
Turns out that not everyone's impressed with the episode. Specifically, dialect experts. It's interesting to hear differences in what people have to say on the topic.


Peace, Prosperity, Happiness and Good Health….
on the occasion of Teej.
My best wishes on this Teej.
prosperity, peace happiness and good health.
Happy Teej to all women and girls who keep fasting.
Enjoy festive dish and have fun.
I want u as my wife in every birth. I wish this Teej comes with lot of happiness in our lives. Happy Teej to All.
Maa Parvathi app par apni kripa hamesa banaye rahkhe.
Apko Teej ki Shubh Kamnaye….
Happy hartalika teej to all woman who keep fasting may god bless u with wealth and prosperity on the occasion of teej. Happy Teej.


text:
Mathematics Applications
Programming with Data
A Guide to the S Language
Authors: Chambers, John M.
Here is a thorough and authoritative guide to the latest version of the S language and to its programming environment, the premier software platform for computing with data. Programming with Data describes a new and greatly extended version of S, and is written by the chief designer of the language. The book is a guide to the complete programming process, starting from simple, interactive use and continuing through ambitious software projects.
S is designed for computing with data - for any project in which organizing, visualizing, summarizing, or modeling data is a central concern. Its focus is on the needs of the programmer/user, and its goal is "to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully." S is a functional, object-based language with a huge library of functions for all aspects of computing with data. Its long and enthusiastic use in statistics and applied fields has also led to many valuable libraries of user-written functions.
The new version of S provides a powerful class/method structure, new techniques to deal with large objects, extended interfaces to other languages and files, object-based documentation compatible with HTML, and powerful new interactive programming techniques. This version of S underlies the S-Plus system, versions 5.0 and higher.
John Chambers has been a member of the technical staff in research at Bell Laboratories since 1966. In 1977, he became the first statistician to be named a Bell Labs Fellow, cited for "pioneering contributions to the field of statistical computing." His research has touched on nearly all aspects of computing with data, but he is best known for the design of the S language. He is the author or co-author of seven books on S, on computational methods, and on graphical methods; and he is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Chambers' Website
cover old
John M. Chambers
XV, 469
4 b/w illustrations
Applications of Mathematics


- Disney Pixar's: Finding Dory.
- 4 Pcs Eraser Set.
Dory the friendly, but forgetful blue tang fish is the perfect companion for any adventure. rom the new Disney Pixar Movie "Finding Dory", where Lovable Dory searches for her parents in a long-awaited sequel to Pixar's Oscar-winning animation 'Finding Nemo'.


Normally silent at rest, but gives some cackling and screeching notes when in flight.
June to November in the south; November to April in the north.
Brown Falcons are small to medium-sized raptors (birds of prey). The female is larger than the male. The Brown Falcon has a range of plumage colours, from very dark brown to light brown above and off-white below. Generally, the upperparts are dark brown and the underparts are pale buff or cream. The sides of the head are brown with a characteristic tear-stripe below the eye. Birds from the tropical north are very dark, with a paler face and undertail, while those from central Australia are paler all over. Younger birds resemble dark adults, but have less obvious barring on the tail, and a buff-yellow colour on the face, throat and nape of the neck.
Paler birds may often be confused with a related raptor (bird of prey), the Nankeen Kestrel, F. cenchroides, which is quite a bit smaller and has a more rufous crown. Dark Brown Falcons may be mistaken for slightly larger Black Falcon, F. subniger. The Black Falcon has longer legs and lacks barring on the tail. The Black Falcon also appears sleeker in shape and movements.
The Brown Falcon ranges throughout Australia, and north to New Guinea.
The Brown Falcon is found in all but the densest forests and is locally common throughout its range. The preferred habitat is open grassland and agricultural areas, with scattered trees or structures such as telegraph poles which it uses for perching. Around outback towns, the birds become quite tame and will allow quite close approach. Birds may stay within the same areas throughout the year or may move around locally in response to changes in conditions. Paler birds are usually associated with inland areas, but all the colour varieties are fairly scattered throughout the range.
Brown Falcons are usually seen alone, searching for food from an exposed perch. When prey is sighted, the bird swoops down and grasps it in its claws (talons), killing the prey with a bite to the spine. The powerful bill has specialised 'tomial' teeth and matching notches for this purpose. Less often the species will hunt by hovering or gliding over the ground, often at great heights. Brown Falcons feed on small mammals, insects, reptiles and, less often, small birds.


The API was developed jointly between Microsoft and Nvidia, which developed the custom graphics hardware used by the original Xbox.The Xbox API was similar to Direct X version 8.1, but is non-updateable like other console technologies.
Originally, the runtimes were only installed by games or explicitly by the user.Since Windows 95 was itself still new and few games had been released for it, Microsoft engaged in heavy promotion of Direct X to developers who were generally distrustful of Microsoft's ability to build a gaming platform in Windows. John, the evangelist for Direct X, staged an elaborate event at the 1996 Computer Game Developers Conference which game developer Jay Barnson described as a Roman theme, including real lions, togas, and something resembling an indoor carnival.It was at this event that Microsoft first introduced Direct3D and Direct Play, and demonstrated multiplayer Mech Warrior 2 being played over the Internet.Direct3D is also used by other software applications for visualization and graphics tasks such as CAD/CAM engineering.As Direct3D is the most widely publicized component of Direct X, it is common to see the names "Direct X" and "Direct3D" used interchangeably.


manitowoc ice machine sk 1500p details , find complete details about manitowoc ice machine sk 1500p details,manitowoc ice machine sk 1500p details,manitowoc ice machine cube ice maker,making the concrete more easy to composite ice making machine from ice makers supplier or manufacturer shanghai hengyue refrigeration equipment co., ltd.
alibaba offers 70 manitowoc ice machine products. about 64 of these are ice machines, 17 are ice makers .. manitowoc ice machine sk 1500p details . us $400 5000 / set .. we can design slurpee manitowoc ice for rent as you wished and you can use your brand with our manitowoc ice machine 14. electronic auto control drink maker rentals 15.
china snooker hot sell professional manufacturer ice machine ice maker sk 1500p, find details about china ice machine, ice maker from snooker hot sell professional manufacturer ice machine ice maker sk 1500p shanghai chuangli refrigeration equipment co., ltd.
china commercial sk 31a cube ice machine, ice making machine, ice maker, find details about china ice machine, ice maker from commercial sk 31a cube ice machine, ice making machine, ice maker shanghai chuangli refrigeration equipment co., ltd.
find great deals on ebay for manitowoc ice machine parts. shop with confidence.
manitowoc f 1300 ice storage bin 1320 lb.
304 stainless steel commercial ice maker machine for restaurant/hotels . feature water flowing mode ice cube making,large ice making and storage capacity full stainless steel and automatic ice making and cleaning design ensure durability,sanitation, easy maintenance.


A piece I presented for Tariq Ali's new show on TeleSUR English about posters of protest and some inspiring activists campaigning against the School of the Americas.
Two months since workers walked out of Yue Yuen factory that supplies for Nike, Adidas and Timberland, Leah Borromeo looks at how the brands responded.
Here's another short film made by Peter Kennard and I for Amnesty International's Global Day of Action for human rights across the Middle East and North Africa. It premiered at a rally of thousands in London's Trafalgar Square on 11 February 2012…one year on from Hosni Mubarak stepping down from power in Egypt.


text:
Fiona the hippo celebrates her 1st birthday with a big party
You better believe there was cake.
Jan. 22, 2018, 5:10 AM UTC / Source: TODAY
What do you get a hippo for her birthday?
Well, a head of lettuce is a good place to start.
A mom to snuggle (and to chew on, when the mood strikes) should definitely be in attendance.
Fiona the Hippo turns 1 and is still a star
Jan. 22, 201803:08
Finish with a "hippo-friendly cake" made by a zoo nutritionist, and voila! You've got a hippopota-party to remember.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BeLz08-BSDv
Fiona the hippo's first birthday, which was celebrated on Saturday in advance of her actual birthday on the 24th, is certainly a day to remember. Fiona, who resides at the Cincinnati Zoo, was born six weeks premature and 20 pounds underweight. She almost didn't make it.
One year later, she's defied the odds and dare we say ... she is thriving.
Watch Fiona the hippo play with bubbles!
She's learned to swim, starred in her own reality show, photobombed a wedding proposal and even gotten her very own ice cream flavor.
Honestly, it's more than we did in 2017.
See Fiona the hippo photobomb a wedding proposal
Oct. 24, 201700:41
Happy birthday to Fiona — and congratulations to the Cincinnati Zoo staff on one hip celebration.


text:
Glaucoma is a chronic condition that affects cells at the back of the eye. It is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and is responsible for 1 in 10 cases of serious sight impairment in the UK.
People with glaucoma, or at risk of developing glaucoma, require lifelong monitoring, including regular eye tests to track the progression of the disease. Currently, these examinations require regular hospital visits (e.g., twice yearly, for life) and use expensive, specialist equipment.
Aging populations make this hospital-only model of patient-management unsustainable, and many clinics are already overstretched, with appointments routinely delayed or canceled. In the UK today, around 20 people a month are going blind as a result of this appointment backlog.
This situation has been compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, since the inability to sanitize equipment between use has led to all routine sight assessments being suspended in the UK. The long-term effects of this are unknown, but experts suggest that further increases in appointment delays and avoidable blindness appear inevitable.
Even if routine assessments are ever fully resumed, it is also thought that the current system of annual hospital visits is insufficient to track the most aggressive forms of glaucoma. Multiple studies have already suggested that more frequent (e.g., monthly) glaucoma eye tests could substantially improve clinical outcomes: allowing high risk patients to be treated sooner and more appropriately.
A new study from City, University of London adds to a body of evidence suggesting that the solution to all these problems may lie in home-monitoring.
The research involved 20 NHS glaucoma patients from across England and Wales who were provided with a prototype, tablet-based eye test (Eyecatcher) for six months. Using the device, they were asked to run the home glaucoma eye test themselves, testing each of their eyes once a month.
Similar to conventional eye tests for glaucoma, patients looked at a central cross presented on the device, and pressed a button when they saw a flash of light, which appeared at different locations and was of variable intensity. The computer's front-facing camera also recorded them during the test, and artificial intelligence (AI) was used to perform facial recognition and head-/eye-tracking, to ensure people performed the test correctly.
Accuracy was assessed by comparing measurements made at home to conventional gold standard assessments performed in clinic at both the start and end of the study. Adherence was quantified as the percentage of tests completed.
The study found that 98% of home tests were completed successfully (high adherence), and that the data from the home-monitoring tests were in strong agreement with the gold standard clinical assessments (high accuracy).
The use of home-monitoring data was also shown to reduce measurement error when combined with current clinical data (by over 50% in 90% of eyes). This could potentially allow cases of rapid sight loss to be detected months or even years earlier.
This is the first study in the world that suggests glaucoma eye tests can be performed accurately at home by patients themselves. Future studies will examine whether home-monitoring is sustainable over longer periods, and is capable of detecting rapidly progressing cases of glaucoma. The study authors are also preparing a follow-up study that will present the views and opinions of people with glaucoma, regarding home-monitoring.
Dr. Pete Jones, first author of the study, and Lecturer at the Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences, City, University of London said:
"This is tremendously exciting news. Effective home-monitoring would be a win-win-win for patients, clinicians, and the taxpayer alike, and it looks like the technology finally exists to make it a reality. This news is particularly timely, since home-monitoring is just one of the ways we can help make the NHS more resilient and sustainable, post-COVID."
October 11, 2020 October 6, 2020
Previous Article Headwinds for Google as rivals, customers criticise Fitbit concessions
Next Article Lions activate Jayron Kearse, waive Ty Johnson
About cbctransportationcom
View all posts by cbctransportationcom →


Lately, there's a lot of talk about the bent press. You may have noticed in my article on that classic lift that you begin the movement with the barbell basically in a clean position, except with just one hand. Furthermore, one side of the barbell needs to be behind your head. Thus performing a one-hand clean is not the best option to get into this starting position.
So how do you get the barbell into place to perform the bent press? By an old-time lift known as shouldering a barbell. This exercise is something you just don't see anymore. Since the bent press became less popular, this movement did as well.
Learning how to properly shoulder a barbell is essential to learning the bent press.
Before you write this exercise off, know that shouldering is not just for the bent press. This exercise can also be used as a setup for a one arm jerk or push press with a barbell.
Not to mention, shouldering is a great exercise by itself. It may appear at first glance that it will not be hard, but the first time you try a heavy weight, you'll realize you are mistaken. Your legs, back, abs, obliques, and arms are all put to the test during this movement.
And as there is lop-sided loading on your body, this is certainly one of those exercises that challenges you much more in an odd way than most conventional exercises.
This video showcases me shouldering 185lbs. I challenge you to do the same.
Stand up the barbell vertically on one end. Make sure the collars you use are tight and will not slide off during the movement.
Place your main hand that will be lifting in the center of the barbell.
Place the other hand immediately below the first hand.
Lean back and heave the barbell to your shoulder as you partially squat and partially hinge at the hips.
Come to a standing position and get ready for the "actual" exercise. If you are only shouldering the barbell you can lower it to the ground in the same manner.
You can easily manhandle light weights into place, but this technique must be practiced for the heavy weights. By itself, it's quite a leverage lift.
To do this properly, the upright bell should be grasped with the right hand in the exact center, the feet being well apart (if possible, exactly in the positions they will occupy throughout the lift).
Fix the right elbow, resting firmly on the hip bone in front, and grasp the bell with the left hand, immediately below the right.
Bend well forward, leaning your head right over; bend the legs well at the knees, and pull the weight over on to your shoulder.
In order to do this properly, you must lift strenuously with both hands, leaning well back and levering the bar over by the help of both your hip bones to secure and maintain your purchase, and of your shoulder, which you naturally slide as far as you can under the bar.
The hoist to the shoulder is rendered easier by the weight of the bell itself, the top sphere or discs being unsupported in any way, helping to pull the front spheres or discs upwards. A greater weight can be lifted by the bent press, if the bell be shouldered in one movement, since less energy is expended thereby; but if it will not come over at once, an additional heave becomes necessary. In order to avoid any necessity for two or three hoists (always exhausting) use as long a bar as is obtainable.
Once, however, it is fairly shouldered, the left hand can release its hold and be thrown out to adjust the balance, while the right, after steadying the bell, shifts round gradually, following the elbow as it slides round the hip bone to the back, into the proper position for the body press.
The method described above necessitates a fairly long bar for its perfectly correct performance, and other methods must be adopted with shorter ones.
Arthur Saxon was a master at shouldering barbells.
You'll likely have to read through these instructions several times while practicing in order to really get a feel for what Saxon is saying. Also, note that back in Saxon's day, barbells weren't as standardized as they are now. I would imagine that our standard Olympic bars coming in at seven feet would classify as a long bar.
Another method is to place the left hand at the bottom of the bar above the discs, your left arm to be straight and your right to be bent and resting across the body. Stand as close to the bar as possible, instead of away from, as in the preceding position, and bend the legs to a greater extent, then raise the bar to your chest and lift with both the left arm and the right arm together, suddenly tossing the bottom set of discs away from you and to the left, at the same time quickly bringing the right elbow on to the body. The first method is more suitable for long bars, and the second method for short bars.
As always, I recommend experimentation. Try both methods and see if one may be more suitable to you than the others.
When it comes to training shouldering, I highly encourage you to attempt it on both sides of your body, for the sake of symmetry, though you may find one side to be much stronger than the other.
Also, this isn't an exercise to rep out with. I encourage the use of singles, working your way up to a max. As I mentioned before, this may challenge your body in ways you've never experienced before. Give it a shot and see for yourself.
If you have questions or if you've tried this movement and want to share how it went for you, please post to the comments below.
1. Arthur Saxon, The Development of Physical Power (South Carolina: Strongman Books, 2010), 32–33.
2. Arthur Saxon, The Text Book of Weightlifting (South Carolina: Strongman Books, 2010), 25-26.


text:
Dial from Parsons' steam turbine generator
Clarke, Chapman, Parsons and Company
Dial from Parson's steam turbine generator. Round dial face in cream colour, with inscription 'Bourdon's Pressure Gauge Improved' and 'C.F. Wright Birmingham'. Dial face with glass cover and in brass coloured fitting. Pipe protruding from bottom of dial with handle, and looped copper pipe. Bottom of pipe in dark coloured metal which has split towards bottom.
Parsons' original Steam Turbine generator with spare guide ring and fan 1884. Made by Clarke, Chapman, Parsons & Co. This machine is the forerunner of the turbo-generators that today provide most of the world's electricity. It is the first experimental prototype produced by Charles Parsons, who promoted the turbine as a smaller and more efficient alternative to the steam reciprocating engine. In the turbine, the expanding steam works continuously as it passes through many turbine stages. This gives far higher efficiency than was possible with the steam engine. The turbine combines freedom from vibration with high speed (in this case, 18,000 revolutions per minute) suited to electrical generators. The turbine was also employed in marine propulsion. In 1894 Parsons launched his first turbine-powered boat, the SS Turbinia, which reached previously-unattainable speeds of up to 34 knots. [Interpretation copied over from top record]
Charles Algernon Parsons (patentee)
1890-59/5
component - object
Siemens plc; Parsons, C.A. and Co. Ltd.
Rotative steam engine by Boulton and Watt, 1788. (beam engine; steam engine)
Mill Engine (staionary engine)
Print of Henry Beighton's Engraving of a Newcomen Engine (print)
Model of Rotative Beam Engine by William Tongue, c. 1804 (model; steam engine; rotative beam engine)
Model, of Woolf's Water Tube Boiler, 1819 (models; boilers; water tube boilers)
Working model of Hero's Aeolipile and steam boiler (steam turbines)


text:
Switchblade Suicide Announces New Bassist
Posted on February 12, 2012 by Skid in Needs Reviewed, Uncategorized // 0 Comments
Boston rockers, Switchblade Suicide, have announced the departure of longtime bassist JJ Baulz.
A founding member of Switchblade Suicide, JJ had been with the band since its inception in 2006 . "It's always tough to have someone leave, moreover, a friend," stated guitarist Geoff Jewett and vocalist Denis Vasconcelos. "We know that it was a tough decision for JJ and we wish him all the best."
Replacing JJ on bass will be Alex Linardi. Alex is a veteran to the music scene and has performed and recorded with many bands throughout the New England region. His resume includes Misery Divine, Everyday Disaster, Soliton Code and most recently the Iron Maiden tribute band Beast Over Boston.
Upon news of JJ's departure, Switchblade Suicide went into high gear to find the right bassist. "We auditioned at least a dozen players before finding Alex," stated drummer Barry Silver. "The melodic lines and new ideas Alex played during his audition really got us excited about what could come once he got into the comfort zone. We are ready to start a whole new journey with Alex and build on the great music, fantastic fan support and press reactions of past few years. So stay tuned for some more rock'n'roll in 2012!"
Switchblade Suicide is a prolific, original rock band colorfully described as the bastard child of hard rock and heavy metal, devouring the riffs of the '70s (KISS, Aerosmith), the driving dominance of the '80s (AC/DC, Guns N' Roses), and the remorseless angst of the '90s (Alice In Chains). Compound these sounds and "The Blade," as their fans have dubbed them, personifies the next incarnation of raw, ruthless rock 'n' roll, refusing to replicate.
Switchblade Suicide has performed throughout the East Coast United Stated and has supported national touring artists KISS, Queensryche, Cheap Trick, Squeeze, Dizzy Reed (Guns N' Roses), and members of Quiet Riot, Warrant, and White Lion. With a sound and vibe that is uncompromising, unapologetic and unbridled, Boston-based Switchblade Suicide will infectiously inject you with a lethal dose of original rock 'n' roll… just what the doctor ordered for the revival of rock music.
Visit Switchblade Suicide at www.switchbladesuicide.com and like them on Facebook at www.facebook.com/pages/Switchblade-Suicide/42060728942.
Courtesy of www.sleazeroxx.com


Increase to increase in complication and stress for matter. Information relates to California addiction treatment short in website and graphics are supportive to boost the queries. Addiction treatment center grow gradual with motive of provide demand support for professionals relate to drug and alcohol intake. Drug information with methodologies is suggests to prevent side effect in terminology brief. Website is helpful to book the appointment require by people and receive free consultation. Videos relate to addiction procedure recovery support people to heal within span that is short from alcohol ingestion. Rehabilitation centers and roles play in promoting society and personal drugs are prohibiting in California.
Ratings given by people for drugs make people to remain Healthy and free of stress. Work stress becomes common most of people in various locations and drug. Forget about the worries for hours by ingestion of drugs and some drugs make the scenarios to be forgotten by men. Excessive sleepiness feel by individual if drugs ingestion in volume. Countless symptoms of adderall withdrawal assert by people and programmers have to select the best on depend. Compare the purchase price, support and addiction therapy hereby people reduce the complexities. Free by physiological manners and following policies from anxiety treatment supply in way.
Some drugs manufacture for practitioners and use in United States offer instruction to pupils in schools relate to drug use and abuse. Medication plays significant role than drug use to reduce the stress Face in life that is every day. To increase methodologies that are distinct are supported by the customer Adopt by people and programmers must choose the measures. Chemical Imbalance feels that ingestion drug in fashion and Experience resolve with taking drugs. Memory Issues and Depression can be solved by taking amount if drug and same will be Increase if substance taken with drugs. Tips given by authorities should follow to use the advantages. Authorize links are Reassuring to increase with nourishment and hydration require for bodies assist by authorities. Treatment plans that are personalized imply by programmers and testing, evaluations and tests to guarantee tailor drug treatment. Life skill training and Family therapy session is short by Authorities in a variety of languages support for medication.
Where Can One Buy Essay Online Cheap From And How Is It Good?


text:
consultant | pastor | teacher
Helping You Find and Focus on Your Passion.
creative consultantion
drawing videos
graphic art programs of study
contact/art prints
Along with teaching the Word of God at St. John's AME Church, Roosevelt is also the Graphic Art Communications Instructor at Lawson State Community College. Since arriving on campus in September of 2007, Roosevelt has sought to encourage and inspire students to achieve academic and artistic excellence. As a result, the Graphic Art Communications department has grown numerically, and Roosevelt's students are excelling on every level. For five consecutive years, Graphic Art students from Lawson State have won first place in a national competition at The University of Alabama at Birmingham's Koronisfest PSA poster, live action, and animation competition. This annual creative competition is designed to highlight and bring awareness to public health issues.
Most recently, Roosevelt was chosen to represent Lawson State Community College as Technical Faculty of the Year.
For more information about the programs of study and degree options at Lawson State Community College, click here, or visit: www.lawsonstate.edu
© 2020 Roosevelt Williams, III


text:
Integrating Machine Identities with HSM Security
Bridget Hildebrand
As the number of severe vulnerabilities and attacks targeting encryption keys and processes increases, the need for strong private keys for certificates and SSH throughout the enterprise is becoming more acute. For example, when private keys are stored in files or memory, they are susceptible to file and memory scraping as well as side-channel attacks. Generating keys through a Hardware Security Module (HSM) addresses these risks by producing strong FIPS‐compliant private keys with maximum entropy, using random number generation and secure hardware protection.
HSM security has long been used in security‐conscious industries, including banking, financial services, government agencies and retail. Critical business applications containing sensitive data often use HSM key management and hardware protection. HSMs are also essential for secure PKI as well as to protect SSL/TLS certificates that are deployed to critical business applications. However, the management of certificates in HSM environments has to date been a resource‐intensive, manual process.
Without key life cycle orchestration for certificates and SSH, broad HSM usage creates new challenges for organizations that want complete visibility into all of their keystores. This is a challenge even for the keys stored in the HSM. Organizations that deploy HSMs widely also lack the ability to centrally manage all of their distributed keystores and are unable to consistently apply enterprise policy controls.
Previously, when organizations wanted to use automation to leverage strong HSM keys, manage the entire key life cycle and apply policies or streamline workflows, they had to create custom scripts or run manual processes—both of which required major investments. These largely manual efforts often resulted in high-maintenance, error-prone solutions that did not scale.
By integrating machine identity protection with HSMs, organizations can use their HSMs to generate and store keys securely—without the keys ever leaving the HSM. Such an integration would power the use of safe cryptographic keys by orchestrating HSM-based generation and storage of cryptographically strong keys across the enterprise.
Learn more about how Venafi Advanced Key Protect integrates with your HSM.
Explore the solution.
Integrating machine identity protection with a central HSM to generate key pairs will deliver keys created with strong random number generation. This allows the machine identity protection platform to orchestrate the connection to the system that needs the certificate. Key pairs are securely generated in the HSM where they can be accessed by applications, and the private keys never leave the hardened, tamper-resistant HSM appliance. The key pair is securely maintained on the HSM, delivering HSM-based key protection—without the private key ever leaving the HSM.
For applications that do not have the capability to integrate with an HSM, the integrated solution can generate the X.509 and SSH keys in a central HSM, export the key pair from the HSM and install the private key and certificate on the system that will use them.
All operations are performed without an administrator executing manual tasks on servers or virtual machines. This allows operations to be performed according to the common, centralized policy shared across the machine identity protection platform for all key and certificate generation, use and renewal.
By integrating machine identity protection with their HSMs, organizations can expect fast, automated orchestration of secure HSM key generation, installation and hardware protection to improve security, increase efficiencies and meet compliance requirements. An integrated solution strengthens machine identity protection programs by eliminating time-consuming tasks, which can also increase the risk of exposing private keys and introduce errors that threaten application availability.
How Private Are Your Private Keys: Can You Rely on Your Certificate Authority for Private Key Protection?
Microsoft TLS Leak: Are Your Keys Exposed?
Need a Scalable Security Solution for Your Hardware Security Modules [HSM]?
Learn more about machine identity protection.
Explore now.


One way to automate your sales of your products or services is accepting different forms of payment such as credit cards, money orders, bank transfers. The higher forms of payment you provide to your customers, will lose fewer opportunities to make a sale, because not all people want to pay with credit cards, not to trust or run the risk of online fraud. Among the companies that I can suggest you are totally reliable, effective is its services in the international market, its history, to turn the vast majority are what I use. Here are lists and give you a short description of them. 2Checkout This company is one of the most efficient on the market accepts both digital and physical products worldwide. The company is based in USA, it gives you an online purchase form in Spanish, besides having a fast and efficient customer service in both Spanish and other languages. For assistance, try visiting Macy's Inc.. The cost is $ 49 one-time charges you 4.5% plus $ 0.75 USD per transaction, sends you your money by check or wire banking. This company accepts only: Clickbank digital products, process your online credit card payments and Paypal.
You manage your affiliate program, taking you by paying your bills and your afflictions. The cost is admission is $ 50 and charges you 7.5% + $ 1 USD per transaction, sending your money by check. Paypal is used to sell products and services, receive donations, subscriptions and recurring payments. It allows credit card payments, transfers and Paypal accounts. Does not charge entrance fees or monthly fees or unsubscribe, or require annual commitments. You can receive payments or send money to your Paypal account immediately open. Need a credit card to verify you as a seller. Google Checkout Among the other form of payment that I can recommend you this Google Checkout, recently released by Google, sending money online, unfortunately, is currently only for USA and the UK, I imagine that soon it will spread to the rest of world.
Another company is XOOM.com XOOM, this company, the recipient can collect the money, minutes after being sent in any office that lists depending on the country of origin, or conversely a person buys your product and it makes sending money, accepted worldwide. Moneybookers This company is from England, you can make money online shipping, banking Transferred from one account to another, from cell phones, you can make payments for auctions, selling and / or buy products, is very efficient and effective service to customers in Spanish as their control panel that you provide. Western Union and MoneyGram These two companies, you have to shipments coming close to their offices in your country of origin once made money by sending your purchase, you have to send a verification code you provide them to the person did you check the sale may be delivered and send you the link so you can download the product administers.


California's Got Its "Own Damn Satellite," But Still Needs Gas - Cimmaron Land, Inc.
The California Air Resources Board is partnering with the satellite imagery company "Planet" to develop new Earth observation capabilities. The satellite they plan to launch will collect additional data that is intended to allow governments, businesses, scientists, and citizens around the world to develop more targeted and effective climate strategies. The company has already launched more than 150 satellites into orbit in just the last two years, and they were all built in San Francisco. The Environmental Defense Fund will also be a partner in the effort, which will create a common platform for publicly sharing climate data.
The thing is, as a contributor in Forbes points out, California's aggressive goals still rely on natural gas. The state hopes to be using 100% "carbon-free" electricity by 2045, and that largely means renewables like wind and solar. So far, though, California remains very dependent on natural gas electricity to ramp up quickly when the sun goes down or the wind stops blowing.
In fact, California regulators are keeping a gas storage facility in Los Angeles open despite public opposition because that gas is important to reliable electricity. The state is making efforts to incorporate new electricity-storage facilities so that stored electricity can be used instead of natural gas, but it is not at all clear that electricity storage will ever be an economically-viable replacement for gas. Odds are that natural gas combined with carbon capture technology will be used to meet the 100% "carbon-free" goal.
Climate researchers are virtually unanimous that the boom in shale gas production in the last few years has helped cut climate emissions without harming consumers. Much of this new natural gas production has come from the Appalachian region, and if your company wants to get involved in producing that gas, you can give us a call at all 412-212-7517.


BERGAMA PLASTIK FIRST STARTED ITS ACTIVIES IN 1973 IN IZMIR MAINLY TO PRODUCE HONEY COMB PRODUCTS. IT WAS ONE OF THE FIRST INJECTION MOLDING İNVESTMENTS IN IZMIR DURING ITS PERIOD.
BETWEEN 1973 AND 2010, BERGAMA HAS DEVELOPED NUMEROUS NEW, INNOVATIVE AND PIONEERİNG PRODUCTS İN VARIOUS SECTORS IN ORDER TO MEET CUSTOMERS' DEMAND.
IN 2010, OUR COMPANY HAS MOVED TO ITS NEW FACILITY AND INCREASED PRODUCTION CAPACITY.
IN 2012, MOLDING FACILITY AND S.E.T. DESIGN STUDIO HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED. WITH THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF MOLDING FACILITY, WE STARTED TO DEVELOP NEW PRODUCTS FOR OUR CUSTOMER'S NEEDS İN A SHORTER PERIOD OF TIME.
IN 2013, OUR NEW LAND AMOUNTING 28.000 SQM FOR FUTURE INVESTMENTS HAS BEEN ACQUIRED IN KINIK, TURKEY.
IN 2013, ISTANBUL OFFICE WAS ESTABLISHED IN ORDER TO BETTER SERVE OUR INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL CLIENTS.
IN 2015, WE WERE ISO 9001, ISO 14001 AND OHSAS 18001 CERTIFIED AND WE STRIVE TO ATTAIN ALL GLOBAL STANDARDS OF SOCIAL COMPLIANCE.
IN 2017, WE MOVED TO OUR NEW FACILITY LOCATED IN KINIK OSB, IZMİR IN A CLOSED ARE OF 9.000 M2, OVER AN OPEN AREA OF 28.000 M2. WITH THE ESTABLİSHMENT OF NEW FACILITY, BERGAMA OWNED A BLUECHIP FACILITY WITH TECHNOLOGICALLY STRONG INFRASTRUCTURE IN EUROPEAN STANDARDS WHICH WILL BOOST ITS GROWTH IN COMİNG DECADES.
IN 2017, BERGAMA MADE ITS FIRST IML INVESTMENTS AND ACHİEVED TO REACH 10 IML PROJECTS IN 10 MONTHS TIME.


text:
Driver was on a 'three-day-bender' when he took police on high-speed chase
Driver who crashed car during police chase in Stockton was on a 'three-day-bender'
By Graeme Hetherington graemeecho Chief Reporter (Tees Valley)
CRACK COCAINE: Driver who crashed car during police chase in Stockton was on a 'three-day-bender'
AN anonymous tip-off about a suspicious driver who had been on a 'three-day bender' resulted in a police chase through the streets of Stockton.
David Hobson was reportedly under the influence of drink or drugs when he got behind the wheel of his black VW Golf in November last year.
Teesside Crown Court heard how the 36-year-old was spotted by patrolling officers in the Norton area and police pursuit ensued as Hobson put his foot down to evade arrest.
Samurai sword attacker is jailed for violent attack in Guisborough
Jenny Haigh, prosecuting, said the defendant travelled at speeds of up to 80mph as he drove around Stockton attempting to flee Cleveland Police.
She said at one point Hobson was forced to slow down as he approached a primary school and nursery on Durham Road.
The defendant then attempted to force his way past a Ford Mondeo smashing into the side of it before continuing on his high-speed chase.
Miss Haigh said: "The collision had done some damage to the car as it was swaying from side to side. The officer thought he had lost control of the vehicle and thought it was too dangerous to continue the pursuit and started to withdraw.
"The car was damaged and the officer was following at a safe distance."
She said the car then ended up on an embankment before a woman passenger ran away. However, Hobson was rugby-tackled to the ground as he attempted to flee the scene.
A search of the car discovered a rock of crack cocaine and a modified baton stashed in the door pocket.
Hobson, of Raglan Close, Stockton, pleaded guilty to dangerous driving, possession of crack cocaine, possession of an offensive weapon and driving under the influence of drugs.
In mitigation, Kelleigh Lodge, told the court that her client had struggled with the anniversary of his father's death and started taking drugs again.
"He had relapsed into taking drugs," she said. "He was on a three-day bender when he committed these offences and he had no recollection whatsoever of the offences taking place."
Neighbours shocked as arsonists 'firebombed' two vans
Judge Howard Crowson said it was lucky that no-one had been seriously hurt as a result of his dangerous driving.
He sentenced to a total of 15-months and banned from driving for 18 months.


text:
Trump will invoked a state of emergency to build wall (that seems like 99% certain now). Maybe it does get people back to work. (Oops - the 1% happens)
With a spectacle approaching of massed missed paychecks tomorrow for federal workers, Sen Lindsey Graham (R-SC) is calling on for Trump to declare his national emergency and enumerate the powers he wants to use, to build his wall.
Then the government could be reopened.
Graham was despondent about the lack of progress today even among some senior Republicans on coming up with a compromise that Trump could sign.
There are many opinions about how court challenges would go. It would appear legal for Trump to use surplus Corp of Engineer funds and contractors (it's less clear that he can legally use military personnel). However, these fund would be removed from possible use in disaster relief, like wildfires, earthquakes and hurricanes. In fact, it seems to come from money already intended to help with Puerto Rico (Maria) and also the after effects of hurricanes like Harvey and Florence.
The enumeration of specific powers could get dangerous if Trump went beyond the immediate issue of the border and got into other areas, like the Internet. Some of my concern comes from the idea that "asymmetry" is itself a national security problem (following the logic of Taleb's "skin in the game"). But as long as Trump can stay away from this particular area (which I blab about a lot) I hope Democrats will leave the wall alone and let employees come back to work. True.
Trump made this mess. He had promised to cooperate and then caved in to pseudo president Ann Coulter (Kyle Schmidlin on Medium).
Update: Jan. 11
Trump said late Friday that he would not call an emergency right now. (The 1% probability happened.) He fears he would lose in court. And even with the Senate away for the weekend, Mitch McConnell hinted this after noon he would get talks going behind the scenes.
The Wall Street Journal today, in an op-ed by Dan Crenshall, "The Silly Arguments Against a Border Wall", argues that the Democrats need to be more flexible on this.
Labels: Donald Trump, Federal government shut-downs
The warming Arctic, unstable polar vortices, and c...
Immigration detainees "volunteer" to work for prac...
A note about populist conservatism from Prager U; ...
Pelosi beats Trump in this first game of thrones a...
Still a lot of identarian racial resentment over C...
A Congressional Commission prepares interim report...
Could Trump's shutdown be intended to undermine FB...
What really happened with the MAGA-Catholic white ...
Does the Buzzfeed story on new evidence against Tr...
College admissions consultant point out that David...
Rep. Steve King may really have intended to refer ...
Partisanship denies Congress the scientific and I....
Debt ceiling returns March 2, could become serious...
Trump will invoked a state of emergency to build w...
Trump throws a tantrum, acts like a mob boss from ...
Trump to address the nation apparently "only" on s...
Trump's government shut-down sounds more dangerous...
California law limits pet shops to rescued animals...
Bre Payton's death: yes, flu can still kill young...


Check-in 3 p.m Check-out 11 a.m.
World War II historical sites, Chinese Park, Government House, Latte Stone Park, Plaza de España, Puntan Dos Amantes (Two Lovers' Point), War in the Pacific National Historic Park & Talofofo Bay.
-	At check-in, all NGIS guests with confirmed pet reservations will be required to sign the Pet Agreement.
-	For questions, please contact the front desk.
On-base lodging not available? NGIS will make your reservation at a commercial hotel partner! Please call 1-877 NAVY-BED for assistance with reservations and/or Certificate of Non-Availability (CNA).


text:
Una relación binaria R es el subconjunto de los elementos del producto cartesiano  que cumplen una determinada condición:

Taxonomía de las relaciones binarias
En el gráfico ilustrativo de la taxonomía de las relaciones binarias se pasa de las definiciones más generales a las más específicas siguiendo el sentido dependiente de las flechas.

Clasificación
La importancia en matemáticas de las relaciones binarias, se debe a que una gran parte de las asociaciones entre elementos de conjuntos, tanto numéricos como no numéricos, se hace de dos en dos elementos, tanto si son elementos de un único conjunto o de dos conjuntos distintos, en el esquema se puede ver algunas estructuras algebraicas o subtipos de relación binaria. Emplearemos este esquema para ver estos casos.

En primer lugar diferenciamos las relaciones binarias homogéneas, de las heterogéneas. En las primeras, la relación binaria se establece entre los elementos de un único conjunto, por lo que en realidad, lo que determina es su estructura interna, mientras que en las segundas se establecen relaciones entre dos conjuntos distintos, lo que da lugar a operaciones o funciones matemáticas de cálculo. Una relación homogénea puede ser tratada como heterogénea con los mismos subtipos, pero no al contrario.

Relación homogénea
Una relación binaria R es homogénea si los conjuntos son iguales:

Dado que  y  son el mismo conjunto, se representa como:

O bien:

Relación heterogénea
Una relación binaria R es heterogénea si los conjuntos no son iguales:

Conceptos previos

Par ordenado
Dados los conjuntos  y  se describe el par ordenado  que cumple:

Se representa como:

Se lee como:

El producto cartesiano  es el subconjunto de los pares ordenados  tal que  pertenece a  y pertenece a .

Producto cartesiano

Definidos los conjuntos:

El producto cartesiano  se describe en la tabla adjunta.

La relación binaria  queda definida como:

Relación binaria homogénea
Dado un único conjunto , la relación binaria R queda determinada como:

Una forma de representar el producto cartesiano es:

Tomando como conjunto inicial y final a , se asocia un elemento inicial a uno final dentro de un mismo conjunto , determinando una operación matemática, teniendo siempre en cuenta que si bien el conjunto inicial y final son el mismo, la relación es unidireccional. Si el elemento inicial está relacionado con el elemento final, necesariamente no implica que el elemento final esté relacionado con el elemento inicial.

En este caso el análisis de la relación binaria se hace según los distintos tipos de correspondencia con el mismo significado que en las relaciones heterogéneas

Representación de una relación binaria como subconjunto del producto cartesiano:

Dado el producto  de pares ordenados (x, y), donde x, y pertenecen a A, la relación binaria será el subconjunto de  que contiene todos los pares de elementos relacionados.

Si el producto  es:

el conjunto R de la relación binaria se representa:

Nótese que en el eje horizontal se representa el conjunto inicial, y en el eje vertical el conjunto final.

Propiedad de la relación binaria homogénea

Una relación binaria puede tener ciertas propiedades, según los pares ordenados que formen parte de dicha relación o no formen parte de ella, veamos algunas:

Propiedad reflexiva

Una relación tiene la propiedad reflexiva, si todo elemento está relacionado consigo mismo.

Si no todos los elementos del conjunto están relacionados consigo mismo se dice que la relación no es reflexiva o es arreflexiva.

Para todo elemento a que pertenezca al conjunto A, el par ordenado (a,a) pertenece a la relación binaria R.

Téngase en cuenta que debe cumplirse para todos los elementos del conjunto sin excepción, si esta propiedad solo se da en algunos casos la relación no es reflexiva:

No existe ningún elemento a en A, para el que el par ordenado (a,a) no pertenezca a la relación R. Puede verse que estas dos afirmaciones son iguales.

Propiedad irreflexiva

Una relación binaria tiene la propiedad irreflexiva, también llamada: antirreflexiva o antirrefleja, si ningún elemento del conjunto está relacionado consigo mismo:

Que también puede expresarse

No existe ningún elemento a en el conjunto A que cumpla que: (a,a) pertenezca a R.

Propiedad simétrica

Una relación binaria tiene la propiedad simétrica, si se cumple que un par ordenado (a,b) pertenece a la relación entonces el par (b,a) también pertenece a esa relación:

Para todo par ordenado (a,b) que pertenezca a R, implica que el par (b,a) también pertenece a R, téngase en cuenta que si el par (a,b) no pertenece a la relación el par (b,a) tampoco tiene que pertenecer a esa relación:

No existe ningún par ordenado (a,b) que pertenezca a R y que el par (b,a) no pertenezca a R.

Propiedad antisimétrica

Una relación binaria se dice que tiene la propiedad antisimétrica si los pares ordenado (a,b) y (b,a) pertenecen a la relación entonces a = b:

Dicho de otra manera, no existen los elementos a, b de A, que a este relacionado con b y b este relacionado con a y a y b sean distintos.

Propiedad transitiva

Una relación binaria tiene la propiedad transitiva cuando, dado los elementos a, b, c del conjunto, si a está relacionado con b y b está relacionado con c, entonces a está relacionado con c:

Propiedad intransitiva

Una relación binaria tiene la propiedad intransitiva cuando, dado los elementos a, b, c del conjunto, si a está relacionado con b y b está relacionado con c, entonces a no está relacionado con c:

Propiedad total

Una relación binaria se dice que es total: si para todo elemento del conjunto: a, b; o a está relacionado con b o b está relacionado con a, esto es el grafo de la relación es conexo:

Clases de las relaciones binarias homogénea

Partiendo de las propiedades que una relación binaria homogéneas puede tener, se pueden diferenciar algunas por su especial interés:

Relación reflexiva
La propiedad reflexiva de una relación binaria es el inicio para los casos más elaborados, téngase en cuenta que las relaciones binarias no reflexivas y las irreflexivas son casos muy particulares muy poco estudiados, por su poca importancia en los casos más generales.

Las relaciones reflexivas son las definidas así:

El caso más claro de propiedad reflexiva es la de igualdad matemática, así dado un conjunto de números, los naturales por ejemplo, y la propiedad de igualdad entre números, tenemos que todo número natural es igual a sí mismo.

Dado un conjunto A, formado por los siguientes elementos:

Y una relación R entre los elementos del conjunto, definida así:

Podemos ver que los pares ordenados que tienen sus dos términos iguales pertenecen a la relación:

Luego la relación R es reflexiva.

La relación R, también se puede representar en coordenadas cartesianas la función identidad.

En el eje horizontal (abscisas) representamos el conjunto inicial, de izquierda a derecha, y en el eje vertical(ordenadas) el conjunto final, de abajo arriba, si un determinado par pertenece a la relación se coloca una cruz en la casilla correspondiente, si no pertenece se deja en blanco, representando de este modo en coordenadas cartesianas la relación binaria.

En la diagonal principal, inferior izquierda, superior derecha, corresponde a los pares ordenados en los que sus dos elementos son iguales, si todas las casillas de esta diagonal tienen aspas, la relación es reflexiva.

Como puede verse en el diagrama, la relación estudiada es reflexiva, dado que:

Para todo elemento e del conjunto A, el par ordenado (e,e) pertenece a la relación R.

En cualquiera de las tres formas de representación vistas: enumeración de pares ordenados, donde los pares (e,e) pertenecen a la relación, el diagrama sagital, con una flecha que sale y llega a cada elemento del conjunto, o en coordenadas cartesianas, donde hay cruces en la diagonal principal, en todos los casos se representa una relación reflexiva, en la que todo elemento del conjunto está relacionado consigo mismo.

Relación no reflexiva

Los casos más estudiados de relaciones binarias homogéneas son las que cumplen la propiedad reflexiva, una relación que no cumple la propiedad reflexiva es no reflexiva, un caso particular de relación no reflexiva son las relaciones irreflexivas, en las que ningún elemento del conjunto está relacionado consigo mismo. Puede verse que si en una relación binaria algunos elementos están relacionados consigo mismo y otros no, la relación no es reflexiva y tampoco es irreflexiva, que se puede denominar irreflexiva. Ver diagrama:
{|
|
|}

Las relaciones irreflexivas son un caso particular de las no reflexivas.

También podemos decir que una relación es irreflexiva si:

Una relación es irreflexiva si no existe un a en A que cumpla que a está relacionado consigo mismo.

Dado el conjunto:

y la relación entre los elementos de este conjunto:

Podemos ver que:

Para todo elemento e del conjunto A, el par ordenado (e,e) no pertenece a la relación R, luego esta relación en irreflexiva.

La representación de la relación en coordenadas cartesianas nos permite ver que la diagonal principal no tiene ninguna cruz, lo que es equivalente a la irrefrexibilidad de la relación.

La propiedad reflexiva e irreflexiva son mutuamente excluyentes en una misma relación, el cumplimiento de una de ellas da lugar al incumplimiento de la otra necesariamente, si una relación es reflexiva, tenemos que:

y si es irreflexiva, se cumple:

Donde se ve claramente la incompatibilidad de las dos condiciones. El razonamiento contrario no es cierto dado que una relación binaria puede ser NO reflexiva y NO irreflexiva simultáneamente:

Una relación binaria es no reflexiva si:

Y una relación es no irreflexiva cuando:

Estas dos condiciones son perfectamente compatibles, dando lugar a una relación binaria no reflexiva y no irreflexiva:

veamos un ejemplo, dado el conjunto:

En la que se ha definido la relación binaria:

Podemos ver que:

Y también que:

Luego la relación no es reflexiva y tampoco es irreflexiva.

Si representamos la relación binaria en coordenadas cartesianas, podemos ver que en la diagonal principal no todas las casillas tienen un aspa, luego la relación no es reflexiva, y tampoco están todas en blanco luego tampoco es irreflexiva, esto es un relación binaria no reflexiva y no irreflexiva, al darse estas dos condiciones simultáneamente en una misma relación.

En resumen, podemos diferenciar tres clases de relaciones:
 Relaciones reflexivas
 Relaciones irreflexivas
 Relaciones arreflexivas

Dado, que como ya se ha mencionado, una relación no puede ser reflexiva e irreflexiva simultáneamente, pero si puede ser no reflexiva y no irreflexiva simultáneamente.

Relación de dependencia

Una relación binaria es una relación de dependencia si es reflexiva y simétrica:

Así por ejemplo si consideramos el conjunto de los números naturales, y definimos la distancia D entre dos números, como el valor absoluto de su diferencia:

y decimos que dos números naturales a, b están próximos si su distancia es a lo sumo un valor D conocido, tenemos que la relación binaria de proximidad es:

es una relación de dependencia, dado que es reflexiva:

es simétrica:

relación binaria de proximidad no es transitiva, dado que:

que la distancia entre a y b sea a lo sumo D y que la distancia entre b y c no supere D, no implica necesariamente que la distancia entre a y c no sea mayor que D. Esta relación de dependencia entre los números por su distancia no es una clase de equivalencia, pero si denota una dependencia entre ellos.

Conjunto preordenado

Una relación binaria define un conjunto preordenado si es reflexiva y transitiva:

Relación de equivalencia

Una relación binaria es una relación de equivalencia si es reflexiva, simétrica y transitiva:

Una relación de equivalencia define dentro del conjunto A lo que se denominan, Clases de equivalencia, una clase de equivalencia o familia de elementos es cada uno de los subconjuntos en que la relación de equivalencia divide al conjunto A, entre ellos son disjuntos, y la unión de todos ellos es el conjunto A, veamos un ejemplo.

En Aritmética modular se define la operación módulo como el resto de la división, así:

 el resto de dividir 5 entre 2 es 1
 el resto de dividir 6 entre 3 es 0
 el resto de dividir 7 entre 3 es 1

se dice que dos números son congruentes módulo n, si al dividir cada uno de esos números por n dan el mismo resto:

el 8 y el 17 son congruentes módulo 3 dado que al dividirlos por 3 en los dos casos dan por resto 2.

La congruencia modular de grado n, de los números naturales, es una Relación de equivalencia, dado que es reflexiva:

es simétrica:

y es transitiva

Conjunto parcialmente ordenado

Un conjunto A se dice que esta parcialmente ordenado respecto a una relación binaria R si la relación R es reflexiva, transitiva y antisimétrica:

Tomando un conjunto A, formado, por ejemplo, por los elementos:

Se define el Conjunto potencia de A como el formado por todos los subconjuntos de A:

A cada uno de estos subconjuntos los llamamos:

Y tomando dos de estos subconjuntos decimos que están relacionados por pertenencia si el primero es Subconjunto del segundo:

La relación pertenencia entre los conjuntos potencia de A, es un conjunto parcialmente ordenado, al ser reflexiva:

Transitiva:

Antisimetrica:

Por lo que el conjunto de las partes de A, respecto a la relación binaria pertenencia es un conjunto parcialmente ordenado.

Esta relación no es total dado que:

Que se denominan no comparables, los pares de conjuntos no comparables son:

A la vista del diagrama, los conjuntos que se pueden alcanzar siguiendo el sentido de las flechas se denominan comparables y determinan la estructura del orden parcial.

Conjunto acotado

Para un conjunto A y una relación binaria  definida entre los elementos de A, que expresaremos  y la relación la representamos:

que se lee: x antecede a y.

La no relación se representa:

  si:
  existe un y de A tal que para todo x de A se cumple que x antecede a y.  Del mismo modo, el conjunto A está acotado inferiormente respecto a  si:
  existe un z de A tal que para todo x de A se cumple que z antecede a x.
 El conjunto está acotado, si está acotado superior e inferiormente.

Orden total

Un conjunto A se dice que esta totalmente ordenado respecto a una relación binaria R si la relación R es reflexiva, transitiva, antisimétrica y total:

Si tomamos el conjunto de los números enteros Z, por ejemplo, respecto a la relación binaria entre sus elementos menor o igual, podemos ver que es reflexiva:

es transitiva:

es antisimetrica:

y es total:

Conjunto con orden total y acotado

Dado un conjunto A y una relación binaria  definida entre los elementos de A, que expresaremos  y la relación se representa:

Se dice que se ha definido un orden total en el conjunto A, si la relación  cumple las propiedades:
 1. Reflexiva.
 2. Antisimétrica.
 3. Transitiva.
 4. Es, además, una relación total, es decir, se cumple que todos los elementos de un conjunto con orden total son comparables:

Dado un conjunto A en el que se ha definido una relación binaria , siendo  un conjunto totalmente ordenado.

El elemento y de A que cumple:

Se denomina máximo y define una cota superior en A; el elemento máximo es único. Si el conjunto A y la relación binaria , que expresaremos  es un orden total y tiene máximo, entonces es un conjunto con orden total y acotado superiormente.

Del mismo modo el elemento z de A que cumple:

Se denomina mínimo y define una cota inferior en A; el elemento mínimo es único. Si el conjunto A y la relación binaria , que expresaremos  es un orden total y tiene mínimo, entonces es un conjunto con orden total y acotado inferiormente.

Un conjunto con orden total solo se dice acotado, si está acotado superior e inferiormente.

Relación binaria heterogénea

Una relación binaria entre dos conjuntos A y B, se llama heterogénea cuando A es distinto de B:

Lo que también se llama correspondencia matemática.

A la derecha podemos ver lo que se denomina un diagrama sagital, en el cual se representan los dos conjuntos de la relación binaria, asociando los elementos de uno y otro conjunto con una flecha, que sale del elemento origen y llega al elemento imagen, en el diagrama pueden verse un conjunto de pinceles con pintura de color y un conjunto de caras pintadas, asociando a cada pincel la cara que está pintada del mismo color.

Puede haber pinceles o caras del mismo color, pero deben ser considerados como elementos distintos del conjunto, si dos pinceles o dos caras son del mismo color tienen la misma característica color, siendo elementos del conjunto diferentes.

En el diagrama podemos ver el conjunto inicial ( o dominio ) de pinceles P, sobre el que está definida la relación:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

Solo algunos elementos del conjunto inicial tienen asociado un elemento, estos elementos forman el conjunto origen:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

Y el conjunto final ( o codominio ) de caras pintadas C es:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

Los elementos del conjunto final a los que se les ha asociado un origen se llama conjunto imagen:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

La relación binaria es la formada por los pares ordenados:
{|
|
| ,
|
| ,
|
| ,
|
| ,
|
|}

Una relación binaria homogénea:

Puede ser tratada como heterogénea considerando el conjunto inicial y final como distintos, si lo que se está tratando es una correspondencia, con la misma validez que si los conjuntos serían distintos, pudiendo realizar simultáneamente su análisis como relación homogénea, si es factible.

Propiedades de las relaciones binarias heterogénea

Partiendo de una relación binarias heterogénea R, entre los conjunto A y B:

Por su importancia podemos distinguir las siguientes condiciones, que nos permiten diferenciar los subtipos de correspondencias.

Condición de existencia de imagen. (ei)

La condición de existencia de imagen garantiza que tomando un elemento cualesquiera a de A tiene al menos una imagen b en B.

para todo elemento a de A se cumple que existe al menos un b de B, a y b estén relacionado.

En la figura podemos ver el conjunto P de los pinceles:
{|
|
| ,
|
|
|}

y el C de las caras pintada:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

Si relacionamos cada pincel con la cara pintada del mismo color, podemos ver que todos los pinceles tienen al menos una cara asociada.

Condición de existencia de origen. (eo)

La condición de existencia de origen garantiza que todo elemento b de B tiene al menos un origen a en A.

para todo b de B se cumple que existe un a en A y que a y b están relacionados.

Si vemos la figura podemos ver el conjunto P de pinceles con pintura:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

y el conjunto C de caras pintada:
{|
|
| ,
|
|
|}

Y que todas y cada una de las caras tiene al menos un pincel de su mismo color. Cada uno de los elementos del conjunto final tiene un origen.

Condición de unicidad de imagen. (ui)

La condición de unicidad de imagen garantiza que los elementos a de A que están relacionados con algún b de B está relacionado con un único elemento b de B, es decir:

si un elemento a de A está relacionado con dos elementos b de B esos dos elementos son iguales.

Condición de unicidad de imagen garantiza que los elementos que tienen imagen tengan una sola imagen, pero no garantiza que todos los elementos de A tengan imagen, esta diferencia es importante.

En el diagrama sagital de la derecha vemos el conjunto P:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

Y el conjunto final C, de caras pintada:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

Los pinceles que tienen una cara relacionada, tienen una sola cara relacionada.

Condición de unicidad de origen. (uo)

La condición de unicidad de origen dice: que los elementos b de B que están relacionados con algún a de A está relacionado solo con un único elemento a de A, es decir:

En el diagrama tenemos el conjunto inicial P de pinceles con pintura de colores:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

y el conjunto final C de caras pintadas:
{|
|
| ,
| ,
| ,
|
|
|}

Relacionando cada pincel con la cara de su mismo color, podemos ver que las caras que tienen un pincel relacionado, solo tienen un pincel relacionado, esto es un solo origen, no todas las caras tienen un origen, pero las que lo tienen, tienen un solo origen.

Galería de ejemplos
Según las cuatro condiciones expuestas, cada una de ellas independiente de las demás, podemos ver una serie de ejemplos ilustrativos de los casos que se pueden presentar.

Utilizaremos como conjunto inicial el conjunto de tubos de pintura T, y como conjunto final el de pinceles P, asociando cada tubo de pintura con el pincel del mismo color.

Clases de las relaciones binarias heterogénea

Partiendo de las características de las relaciones binarias heterogéneas, podemos diferenciar los siguientes casos.

Correspondencia unívoca

Una correspondencia es unívoca si cumple la condición de unicidad de imagen:

Esta condición en necesaria y suficiente para que una correspondencia sea considerada unívoca.

Correspondencia biunívoca

Una correspondencia es biunívoca si cumple las condiciones de unicidad de imagen y unicidad de origen:

Aplicación

Una correspondencia  se denomina aplicación si todo elemento de A admite una única imagen en B., esto es si cumple la condición de unicidad de imagen y de existencia de imagen.

Una aplicación f de A en B, siendo A y B dos conjuntos cualesquiera, es una correspondencia entre A y B, total y unívoca. según otra nomenclatura.

Si la aplicación la representamos como R, tendremos:

por la que definimos una aplicación que a cada elemento a de A se le asigna un único b de B.

Para todo a de A, se cumple que existe un único b de B, tal que b es el resultado R(a).

 El término función se suele utilizar cuando los conjuntos inicial y final son numéricos.

 Es usual hablar de aplicación en lugar de función, reservando esta última expresión, habitualmente, para el caso en el cual los conjuntos A y B son numéricos. Si A y B son conjuntos de puntos, se suele hablar de transformación geométrica.

 Una función es el término usado para indicar la relación o correspondencia entre dos o más cantidades.

 En inglés una aplicación se llama map

Si una correspondencia cumple estas dos condiciones se denomina aplicación.

Aplicación inyectiva

Una correspondencia es una aplicación inyectiva si cumple la condición de unicidad de imagen, existencia de imagen y unicidad de origen.

Como puede verse una aplicación que cumple la condición de unicidad de origen es una Aplicación inyectiva.

De otra forma no tan usual, podemos decir que una correspondencia biunívoca que cumpla la condición de existencia de imagen también es una aplicación inyectiva.

Aplicación sobreyectiva

Una correspondencia se llama Aplicación sobreyectiva si cumple la condición de unicidad de imagen, existencia de imagen y existencia de origen:

Se puede decir que una aplicación sobreyectiva, es una aplicación que cumple la condición de existencia de origen.

Aplicación biyectiva

Una correspondencia es una aplicación biyectiva si cumple las condiciones de unicidad de imagen, existencia de imagen, unicidad de origen y existencia de origen:

Una Aplicación es biyectiva, si es inyectiva y sobreyectiva.

Propiedades
Las relaciones binarias pueden tener o no estas propiedades. R será:

Véase también
 Teoría del orden

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Relaciones binarias
 Relaciones binarias
 Conjuntos, aplicaciones y relaciones binarias.
 Relaciones binarias y grafos

 Introducción a las estructuras algebraicas

Relaciones

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Life in the refugee camp is hard for Dan and his brother Rick. They sleep huddled together with a thousand other refugees in an enormous warehouse, and they spend all day queuing for food and water and medicine, watched over by soldiers in anti-contamination masks. And all around them, people are dying: dying from hunger, dying from one of the new plagues, or dying simply because they have lost the will to live.
Selected from a line-up by the intimidating Mr Wiley, the boys leap at a chance to leave the camp and go to live in the Brightwell Community, but their hopes are soon dashed. Is a life of forced labour in a land at the mercy of raiding gangs and ever-mutating plagues really any better than the UN refugee camp had been?
A gripping post-apocalypse story of two brothers struggling to survive in a Britain devastated by biological warfare, from the author of the bestselling vampire novel Piggies.
© Copyright Keith Brooke. All rights reserved.


Security Admittance - Measures 10 W X 7 H. 1/8 Thick Molded Plastic Signs Recommended For Indoor Use.Attractive Modern And Durable Security Sign D Interior.
Security Admittance - Measures 10 W x 7 H. 1/8 thick molded plastic.
About The Security Admittance - Measures 10 W x 7 H. 1/8 thick molded plastic.
More from Security Admittance - Measures 10 W X 7 H. 1/8 Thick Molded Plastic Signs Recommended For Indoor Use.Attractive Modern And Durable Security Sign D Interior.