text:
package com.medicapital.client.article;

import com.medicapital.client.core.entity.CreateEntityView;
import com.medicapital.client.core.url.EditUrlResourceListPresenterView;
import com.medicapital.common.entities.Article;

public interface CreateArticleView extends CreateEntityView<Article>, SetterArticleView, GetterArticleView {

	EditUrlResourceListPresenterView getAttachmentView();

	void setCreatePresenter(CreateArticlePresenter createArticlePresenter);

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stmpe1600.h"

/** @addtogroup BSP
  * @{
  */

/** @addtogroup Components
  * @{
  */

/** @defgroup STMPE1600
  * @{
  */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/

/** @defgroup STMPE1600_Private_Types_Definitions
  * @{
  */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/

/** @defgroup STMPE1600_Private_Defines
  * @{
  */
#define STMPE1600_MAX_INSTANCE        2

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/

/** @defgroup STMPE1600_Private_Macros
  * @{
  */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
static uint16_t tmp = 0;

/** @defgroup STMPE1600_Private_Variables
  * @{
  */
/* IO driver structure initialization */
IO_DrvTypeDef stmpe1600_io_drv =
{
  stmpe1600_Init,
  stmpe1600_ReadID,
  stmpe1600_Reset,
  stmpe1600_Start,
  stmpe1600_IO_Config,
  stmpe1600_IO_WritePin,
  stmpe1600_IO_ReadPin,
  0,
  0,
  stmpe1600_IO_ITStatus,
  stmpe1600_IO_ClearIT,
};

uint8_t stmpe1600[STMPE1600_MAX_INSTANCE] = {0};
/**
  * @}
  */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/

/** @defgroup STMPE1600_Private_Function_Prototypes
  * @{
  */
static uint8_t stmpe1600_GetInstance(uint16_t DeviceAddr);

/* Private functions ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/** @defgroup STMPE1600_Private_Functions
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @brief  Initialize the stmpe1600 and configure the needed hardware resources
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_Init(uint16_t DeviceAddr)
{
  uint8_t instance;
  uint8_t empty;

  /* Check if device instance already exists */
  instance = stmpe1600_GetInstance(DeviceAddr);

  if(instance == 0xFF)
  {
    /* Look for empty instance */
    empty = stmpe1600_GetInstance(0);

    if(empty < STMPE1600_MAX_INSTANCE)
    {
      /* Register the current device instance */
      stmpe1600[empty] = DeviceAddr;

      /* Initialize IO BUS layer */
      IOE_Init();

      /* Generate stmpe1600 Software reset */
      stmpe1600_Reset(DeviceAddr);
    }
  }
}

/**
  * @brief  Configures the touch Screen Controller (Single point detection)
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @retval None.
  */
void stmpe1600_Start(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin)
{
  /*Configuration already done during the initialization */
}

/**
  * @brief  Reset the stmpe1600 by Software.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_Reset(uint16_t DeviceAddr)
{
  /* Power Down the stmpe1600 */
  IOE_Write(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_SYS_CTRL, (uint16_t)0x80);

  /* Wait for a delay to ensure registers erasing */
  IOE_Delay(2);

  /* Power On the Codec after the power off: all registers are reinitialized */
  IOE_Write(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_SYS_CTRL, (uint16_t)0x00);

  /* Wait for a delay to ensure registers erasing */
  IOE_Delay(2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Read the stmpe1600 device ID.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @retval The Device ID (two bytes).
  */
uint16_t stmpe1600_ReadID(uint16_t DeviceAddr)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Initialize IO BUS layer */
  IOE_Init();

  /* Read the stmpe1600 device ID */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_CHP_ID, tmpData, 2);

  /* Return the device ID value */
  return((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));
}

/**
  * @brief  Set the global interrupt Polarity.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  Polarity: could be one of these values;
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_POLARITY_LOW: Interrupt line is active Low/Falling edge
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_POLARITY_HIGH: Interrupt line is active High/Rising edge
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_SetITPolarity(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint8_t Polarity)
{
  uint8_t tmp = 0;

  /* Get the current register value */
  tmp = IOE_Read(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_SYS_CTRL);

  /* Mask the polarity bit */
  tmp &= ~(uint16_t)0x01;

  /* Set the Interrupt Output line polarity */
  tmp |= (uint8_t)Polarity;

  /* Set the new register value */
  IOE_Write(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_SYS_CTRL, tmp);
}

/**
  * @brief  Enable the Global interrupt.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_EnableGlobalIT(uint16_t DeviceAddr)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Configure NVIC IT for IOE */
  IOE_ITConfig();

  /* Get the current register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_SYS_CTRL, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Set the global interrupts to be Enabled */
  tmp |= (uint16_t)STMPE1600_IT_ENABLE;

  /* Write Back the Interrupt Control register */
  IOE_WriteMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_SYS_CTRL, (uint8_t *)&tmp, 2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Disable the Global interrupt.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_DisableGlobalIT(uint16_t DeviceAddr)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the current register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_SYS_CTRL, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Set the global interrupts to be Enabled */
  tmp &= ~(uint16_t)STMPE1600_IT_ENABLE;

  /* Write Back the Interrupt Control register */
  IOE_WriteMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_SYS_CTRL, (uint8_t *)&tmp, 2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Initialize the selected pin(s) direction.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: IO pin(s) to be configured.
  *         This parameter could be any combination of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 15.
  * @param  Direction: could be STMPE1600_DIRECTION_IN or STMPE1600_DIRECTION_OUT.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_IO_InitPin(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin, uint8_t Direction)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the current register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_GPDR, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Set the Pin direction */
  if (Direction != STMPE1600_DIRECTION_IN)
  {
    tmp |= (uint16_t)IO_Pin;
  }
  else
  {
    tmp &= ~(uint16_t)IO_Pin;
  }

  /* Set the new register value */
  IOE_WriteMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_GPDR, (uint8_t *)&tmp, 2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Configure the IO pin(s) according to IO mode structure value.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: The output pin to be set or reset. This parameter can be one
  *         of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 7.
  * @param  IO_Mode: The IO pin mode to configure, could be one of the following values:
  *   @arg  IO_MODE_INPUT
  *   @arg  IO_MODE_OUTPUT
  *   @arg  IO_MODE_IT_RISING_EDGE
  *   @arg  IO_MODE_IT_FALLING_EDGE
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_IO_Config(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin, IO_ModeTypedef IO_Mode)
{
    uint8_t buffer[2] = {0,0};

  /* Configure IO pin according to selected IO mode */
  switch(IO_Mode)
  {
  case IO_MODE_INPUT: /* Input mode */
    stmpe1600_IO_DisablePinIT(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin);
    stmpe1600_IO_InitPin(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin, STMPE1600_DIRECTION_IN);
    break;

  case IO_MODE_OUTPUT: /* Output mode */
    stmpe1600_IO_DisablePinIT(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin);
    stmpe1600_IO_InitPin(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin, STMPE1600_DIRECTION_OUT);
    break;

  case IO_MODE_IT_RISING_EDGE: /* Interrupt rising edge mode */
    stmpe1600_SetITPolarity(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_POLARITY_HIGH);
    stmpe1600_IO_EnablePinIT(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin);
    stmpe1600_IO_InitPin(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin, STMPE1600_DIRECTION_IN);
    /* Clear all IO IT pending bits if any */
    stmpe1600_IO_ClearIT(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin);

    /* Read GMPR to enable interrupt */
    IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr , STMPE1600_REG_GPMR, buffer, 2);
    break;

  case IO_MODE_IT_FALLING_EDGE: /* Interrupt falling edge mode */
    stmpe1600_SetITPolarity(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_POLARITY_LOW);
    stmpe1600_IO_EnablePinIT(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin);
    stmpe1600_IO_InitPin(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin, STMPE1600_DIRECTION_IN);

    /* Clear all IO IT pending bits if any */
    stmpe1600_IO_ClearIT(DeviceAddr, IO_Pin);

    /* Read GMPR to enable interrupt */
    IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr , STMPE1600_REG_GPMR, buffer, 2);
    break;

  default:
	break;
  }
}

/**
  * @brief  Enable polarity inversion of the selected IO pin(s).
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: IO pin(s) to be configured.
  *         This parameter could be any combination of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 15.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_IO_PolarityInv_Enable(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the current register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_GPPIR, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Enable pin polarity inversion */
  tmp |= (uint16_t)IO_Pin;

  /* Set the new register value */
  IOE_WriteMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_GPPIR, (uint8_t *)&tmp, 2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Disable polarity inversion of the selected IO pins.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: IO pin(s) to be configured.
  *         This parameter could be any combination of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 15.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_IO_PolarityInv_Disable(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the current register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_GPPIR, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Disable pin polarity inversion */
   tmp &= ~ (uint16_t)IO_Pin;

  /* Set the new register value */
  IOE_WriteMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_GPPIR, (uint8_t *)&tmp, 2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Set the value of the selected IO pins.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: IO pin(s) to be set.
  *         This parameter could be any combination of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 15.
  * @param  PinState: The value to be set.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_IO_WritePin(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin, uint8_t PinState)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the current register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_GPMR, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Set the pin state */
  if(PinState != 0)
  {
    tmp |= (uint16_t)IO_Pin;
  }
  else
  {
    tmp &= ~(uint16_t)IO_Pin;
  }

  /* Set the new register value */
  IOE_WriteMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_GPSR, (uint8_t *)&tmp, 2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Read the state of the selected IO pin(s).
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: IO pin(s) to be read.
  *         This parameter could be any combination of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 15.
  * @retval State of the selected IO pin(s).
  */
uint16_t stmpe1600_IO_ReadPin(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_GPMR, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Return the pin(s) state */
  return(tmp & IO_Pin);
}

/**
  * @brief  Enable the interrupt mode for the selected IO pin(s).
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: IO pin(s) to be configured.
  *         This parameter could be any combination of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 15.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_IO_EnablePinIT(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Enable global interrupt */
  stmpe1600_EnableGlobalIT(DeviceAddr);

  /* Get the current register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_IEGPIOR, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Put pin in IT mode */
  tmp |= (uint16_t)IO_Pin;

  /* Write the new register value */
  IOE_WriteMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_IEGPIOR, (uint8_t *)&tmp, 2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Disable the interrupt mode for the selected IO pin(s).
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: IO pin(s) to be configured.
  *         This parameter could be any combination of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 15.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_IO_DisablePinIT(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the current register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_IEGPIOR, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Disable the IT pin mode */
  tmp &= ~(uint16_t)IO_Pin;

  /* Set the new register value */
  IOE_WriteMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_IEGPIOR, (uint8_t *)&tmp, 2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Read the IT status of the selected IO pin(s)
  *         (clears all the pending bits if any).
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: IO pin(s) to be checked.
  *         This parameter could be any combination of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 15.
  * @retval IT Status of the selected IO pin(s).
  */
uint8_t stmpe1600_IO_ITStatus(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_ISGPIOR, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Return the pin IT status */
  return((tmp & IO_Pin) == IO_Pin);
}

/**
  * @brief  Detect an IT pending bit from the selected IO pin(s).
  *         (clears all the pending bits if any).
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @param  IO_Pin: IO pin(s) to be checked.
  *         This parameter could be any combination of the following values:
  *   @arg  STMPE1600_PIN_x: where x can be from 0 to 15.
  * @retval IT pending bit detection status.
  */
uint8_t stmpe1600_IO_ReadIT(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the register value */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_ISGPIOR, tmpData, 2);

  tmp = ((uint16_t)tmpData[0] | (((uint16_t)tmpData[1]) << 8));

  /* Return if there is an IT pending bit or not */
  return(tmp & IO_Pin);
}

/**
  * @brief  Clear all the IT pending bits if any.
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @retval None
  */
void stmpe1600_IO_ClearIT(uint16_t DeviceAddr, uint16_t IO_Pin)
{
  uint8_t tmpData[2] = {0 , 0};

  /* Get the register value to clear all pending bits */
  IOE_ReadMultiple(DeviceAddr, STMPE1600_REG_ISGPIOR, tmpData, 2);
}

/**
  * @brief  Check if the device instance of the selected address is already registered
  *         and return its index
  * @param  DeviceAddr: Device address on communication Bus.
  * @retval Index of the device instance if registered, 0xFF if not.
  */
static uint8_t stmpe1600_GetInstance(uint16_t DeviceAddr)
{
  uint8_t idx = 0;

  /* Check all the registered instances */
  for(idx = 0; idx < STMPE1600_MAX_INSTANCE ; idx ++)
  {
    /* Return index if there is address match */
    if(stmpe1600[idx] == DeviceAddr)
    {
      return idx;
    }
  }

  return 0xFF;
}

/**
  * @}
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/**
  * @}
  */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/


I've made some changes to my sidebar.
In the Links, I have finally gotten rid of my old "Things We Lost in the Fire" Amazon wish list. It's been almost two years! I did, however, move the items from that list that I still want to have into other lists.
I've broken out "Reference and How-Tos" from "Nonfiction", and I've changed "In My Dreams" to "Electronics and Appliances". I've also added my "Games" list, which I'd created on Amazon awhile back but never gotten around to linking.
The wish lists are now grouped according to type, so my list over at Amazon.co.jp is with "Help Me Learn Japanese", "CDs" and "DVDs" are together, all the books–"Fiction", "Manga and Graphic Novels", "Nonfiction", "Cookbooks", and "Reference and How-Tos"–are in a group, and "Games" and "Electronics and Appliances" fall last.
I've also made some changes to Fun Stuff. My Twitter, Ficlets, Dandelife, YouTube, and MySpace profiles are all linked now. I've grouped these with other communities/sites I'm affiliated with. The next group of links are fun Flash videos, then Japan-related stuff, and finally various cool things, to which I've added NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day.
Finally, down in Comics, I've removed Bruno, which is over, Venus Envy, which updates so slowly that I don't even care about the story anymore, and Help Desk, which used to be interesting but is now just "meh", and I don't have time to read "meh" comics. (I don't think the content has really changed…I think I'm just tired of that kind of humor.) I have added Achewood, which I could never get into before but for some reason am finding intriguing now, and Evil, Inc.
I'm more and more wanting to redesign my blog template. I know so much more about web design now than when I first put it together. I'd like to keep the main features–the checkered background, the colors, even the style of the boxes around all the content, if not the boxes themselves. But I think the site could flow a lot better, and I would like to lay out my sidebar in lists. I mentioned before thinking it'd be a good idea to have the search as part of the header, and I'd still like to do that. I'm also interested in creating an archive drop-down up there. Of course, ideally, my design would be achieved through CSS, with none of this table garbage.
We'll see what happens as my ideas congeal. Hopefully this won't go the way of my fabled shift to WordPress.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged design, organizing by Heather Meadows. Bookmark the permalink.


Man's Search for Meaning (1963; Ein Psycholog erlebt das Konzentrationslager, 1946) introduces readers not only to Viktor E. Frankl's experiences as a prisoner within the Nazi concentration camp system but also to the fundamentals of logotherapy, a branch of existential analysis that he founded. Frankl begins with "Experiences in a Concentration Camp," a gentle description of daily life and death within the concentration camp. Frankl's theoretical analyses are interwoven into the context of this narrative, which is presented chronologically and in the first person. The latter two sections of the book are principally theoretical. "Logotherapy in a Nutshell" is divided on the bases of explication of terms and therapeutic processes. This is followed by "The Case for a Tragic Optimism," an update of his theory that includes the idea of an optimistic future built from a tragic past.
Many may elect to read about Frankl's experiences in the concentration camps but then not follow up by reading the latter two parts of the book. The essence of Frankl's analysis of life in the camps, however, can be better understood, internalized, and valued if one reads his more theoretical chapters. It is important to remember that the basic framework for Frankl's ideas were well established prior to his deportation and internment. His perceptions of logotherapy and the search by individuals for meaning provide a context for his Holocaust experiences. In fact many may find it useful to read the latter two sections of the book prior to reading about Frankl's experiences in the camps.
While most of his family perished during the Holocaust, Frankl survived imprisonment in four concentration camps: Theresienstadt, Auschwitz, and two satellite camps of Dachau. In Man's Search for Meaning he presents an intimate glimpse into his camp experiences. His narrative is laden with descriptions of his fears, frustrations, and thoughts as he and others survived the camps. While he doesn't focus on the gruesome, it is ever-present. Instead he focuses on the everyday experiences, such as the incessant thoughts of food, the various work details, and relations with other victims as well as those in positions of power, such as the kapos and SS. He also discusses why others, when meaning for life and survival was lost, often slipped into a path toward death.
Frankl's existential approach is not based on the idea of lack of meaning associated with life but rather the inherent need in humans to achieve a meaningful existence. Associated with this will toward meaning is the need to transcend oneself, to seek meaning through one's focus toward others and the world. He argues that meaning can be found in achievement (not success), through relations with others, and through suffering. It is the latter that is particularly relevant to an understanding of Frankl's interpretation of his camp experiences. Frankl's descriptions of his relationship with his wife through memory while in the camp and his attempt to reconstruct his lost writings illustrate how such a transcendent focus and will toward meaning worked to assist with his survival. It should be noted that Frankl does not portray a picture of survival based simply on whether one is successful at achieving such meaning. He clearly relates the arbitrariness of luck associated with life in the camps that factored heavily into whether one lived or died each day.
One major problem with Man's Search for Meaning is Frankl's dichotomous presentation of those who lived in the camps into two primary categories: devils and saints. While arguably Frankl clarifies that most individuals are not totally in either category, he fails to fully acknowledge the difficulties of morality in the camps. He focuses on the choices that individuals make at every moment of their lives, whether in extremity or in everyday life. At each moment individuals can make choices that are positive and bring meaning to their lives, or they can make choices that are negative and serve to waste their lives or harm others. He fails to acknowledge situations in extremity in which individuals may be faced with what has often been termed "choiceless choice." When an individual faces choices that have no possible positive outcome or times of extreme adversity outside the range of normal human experience, the issue of morality becomes much more clouded. Thus, one must use care in reading and interpreting the work of Frankl so as to not blame the victim.
Frankl also received criticism for his failure to examine or mention that the focus of the Holocaust was the destruction of European Jewry. The word "Jew" does not even appear in the text of Man's Search for Meaning. For those who define the Holocaust as a unique event perpetrated against Jews, this remains problematic.
"Man's Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy (Ein Psycholog Erlebt Das Konzentrationslager)." Reference Guide to Holocaust Literature. . Encyclopedia.com. 22 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.


text:
Scared Straight
In the late '70s, there was a documentary called Scared Straight in which young delinquents/aspiring felons visited hardcore criminals doing time in Rahway State Prison. The theory was that being exposed to the harsh realities of prison life might alter the kids' behavior.
The film caused a stir, won some awards, and used to pop up on PBS, which is where I think I saw a portion of it one night when there was nothing on the other four or five channels available.
Channel-surfing the other night, I stumbled across another movie that more profoundly altered the course of my life through its harrowing subject matter.
In December of 1987, I was mid-way through my sophmore year of college and I had snagged a coveted gig at a record store as Christmas help. I wouldn't become jaded on working the holidays in retail until the following Christmas, so the only downside was being stuck in a town where half the population was students.
Aside from most of my friends heading home as soon as finishing their last final of the semester, I was still living in a dorm which would be closed.
Fortunately, my girlfriend's brother, a cousin, and several other of their friends had a house off campus where I could crash for a week or so before I got to head home for Christmas break. I spent two nights trying to sleep on the brother's unheated water bed before relocating to the couch downstairs.
Most days I worked and, most days, it was a closing shift. I'd trudge home in the snow and encamp on the couch, flicking through the cable channels 'til all hours. Two of the housemates were also hanging out until days before Christmas. One was there because he worked at a pizza place which meant we had food.
One afternoon, all three of us happened to be home and decided to head out to a movie.
Those two were a couple years older and would both earn business degrees the following summer. I was intending to enter business school with no intention of entering the business world.
We settled into the seats at the multiplex to catch a weekday matinee of Wall Street which had just been released, arriving less than two months after Black Monday had rocked the stock market.
I suspect it wasn't director Oliver Stone's intention, but the housemates didn't view the character of Gordon Gekko as a villain. As portrayed by Michael Douglas, Gekko's sophistication and swagger played well with them.
I wanted nothing to do with the stressed out beings scampering about the screen.
I felt no need to own a jet.
Instead, the idea of working in a record store as a career seemed much more zen and to my liking.
I finished school and during those years studying business, it was obvious the influence that Wall Street had had. Gordon Gecko was the patron saint of most of my classmates.
When I graduated, I received the expected queries as to what I intended to do. I gave everyone the same answer.
"I'm going to be a shepherd."
I didn't become a shepherd, but I did spend several years post-college working in record stores. Heeding the warning of Wall Street, I avoided the corporate world for longer than most and, when I did become enmeshed in it, I found myself surrounded by the children of Gekko (sans the style and savoir faire).
But, during that Christmas break of '87, that was all in the future. In that present, there was mostly music. Here are four songs that I remember from that time…
Eurythmics – I Need A Man
from Savage
I've always considered the Eurythmics – despite their success – to be one of the underappreciated acts of the '80s. The masses all aquiver over Lady Ga Ga should be forced to watch the videos of Annie Lennox to observe a performer that was truly groundbreaking.
By the time Savage arrived, the duo's career was on the decline in the States, but I loved it just the same. The first time we played the album in the store where I worked – after Annie had tore through the aggressive I Need A Man – one of my friends seemed truly frightened.
"You do not want to mess with that chick," he sagely noted.
Swing Out Sister – Breakout
from It's Better To Travel
Top 40 was mostly off my radar by '87, but one gem from that autumn was the irresistible Breakout by the British trio Swing Out Sister. The sophisticated pop song was breezy, sunny and the perfect anitidote to the chill in the air as winter approached.
(and singer Corinne Drewery, with her jet-black pixie haircut, was rather fetching, too)
The Screaming Blue Messiahs – I Wanna Be A Flintstone
from Bikini Red
My buddy Streuss was enamored with The Screaming Blue Messiahs at the time and, whenever I was hanging in his dorm room, it seemed that he was playing Bikini Red.
As a long-time fan of The 'stones, I immediately dug the manic, rockabilly-tinged I Wanna Be A Flintstone. It was a sentiment with which I wholeheartedly could relate.
Bourgeois Tagg – I Don't Mind At All
from Yoyo
The lovely I Don't Mind At All is a timeless pop song. Produced by the legendary Todd Rundgren, the melancholic ballad was every bit as engaging as Swing Out Sister's Breakout that winter, but, unlike that song, suited the season perfectly.
Rundgren had produced the XTC classic Skylarking a year earlier and I Don't Mind At All would have fit that album seamlessly.
4 Comments	| '80s movies, 1987, Bourgeois Tagg, career moves, childhood, college, decisions, epiphany, greed, lost acts, money, movies, one-hit wonder, Swing Out Sister, The Screaming Blue Messiahs, underappreciated artists, underrated bands, Wall Street (film)	| Tagged: 80s music, Bourgeois Tagg, Eurythmics, Swing Out Sister, The Screaming Blue Messiahs, Wall Street	| Permalink
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Thymolblau ist ein Triphenylmethanfarbstoff und gehört zur Gruppe der Sulfonphthaleine. Es findet Verwendung als pH-Indikator. Sein Phthalein-Analogon ist das Thymolphthalein. Durch Bromierung kann das Bromthymolblau dargestellt werden.

Eigenschaften

Physikalische Eigenschaften
Thymolblau ist ein grüner Feststoff mit phenolartigem Geruch und schmilzt bei 221 °C.

Chemische Eigenschaften
Es liegen zwei Farbumschlagspunkte vor:
 pH 1,2–2,8: Farbänderung von violettrot nach bräunlichgelb
 pH 8,0–9,6: Farbänderung von gelbgrünlich nach blau

Thymolblau enthält zwei Hydroxygruppen und einen wenig stabilen Sultonring. Im wässrigen Medium wird dieser Ring gespalten, und nach einer Umlagerung entsteht die chinoide gelb gefärbte Form des Farbstoffs. Im stark saurem Milieu (pH < 1,2) wird das chinoide System protoniert, die Lösung wird dadurch violettrot. Im basischen Milieu (pH = 8,0–9,6) wird die Hydroxygruppe deprotoniert und die Lösung färbt sich blau.

Verwendung
Thymolblau wird bei Säure-Base-Titrationen als Indikator eingesetzt. Dabei wird meistens nur der zweite Umschlagsbereich (pH = 8,0–9,6) zur Indikation verwendet.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 www.chemieunterricht.de: Thymolblau.
 Webseite mit 3D-Modell des Moleküls

Sulfonphthalein
Alkylphenol
Toluol
Indikator (Chemie)
Triphenylmethanfarbstoff

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Type and Use: Annual with edible foliage, flowers, and seed; Very pungent.
Location: Full sun to light shade Planting Dates: Sow seed after the weather starts to cool in the late summer or early fall and sow a little more seed every few weeks. Can also be planted in late winter.
Planting Method: Sow seed in the fall; thin seedlings to 1 foot. Because of their taproot, they are hard to transplant once established.
Harvest Time: Cut the foliage any time, the flowers when they are in bloom.
Growth Habits: Lacy herb with white flowers in late spring or early summer. Young foliage is large and flat, the growth is feathery as it matures and starts to form white or mauve flowers. Its pungent fragrance and flowers attract beneficial insects.
Culture: Easy to grow from seed. Need healthy, well-drained soil. Hard to transplant. Needs moderate water and fertility.
Troubles and Solutions: Weevils may attack seed in storage. Store with bay leaves. Spray with garlic/pepper tea to repel garden flea hoppers.
Harvest and Storage: Cut and use the foliage any time. Collect the seed when mature and brown. Store the seed in glass containers with natural diatomaceous earth added as a drying agent.
Notes: Also called Chinese parsley and cilantro. Seeds are delicious to eat raw. Foliage is used fresh in salads and with various meat dishes. Roots can be used to flavor curries.
Learn more on vegetable gardening the Natural Way. Buy the book at your favorite book store or click here to purchase online.
The organic gardening techniques in the book are for gardeners everywhere, not just Texas!


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging;
using System.Threading;
using Zyan.Communication;
using Zyan.Communication.Protocols.Ipc;

namespace Zyan.Tests
{
	#region Unit testing platform abstraction layer
#if NUNIT
	using NUnit.Framework;
	using TestClass = NUnit.Framework.TestFixtureAttribute;
	using TestMethod = NUnit.Framework.TestAttribute;
	using ClassInitializeNonStatic = NUnit.Framework.OneTimeSetUpAttribute;
	using ClassInitialize = DummyAttribute;
	using ClassCleanupNonStatic = NUnit.Framework.OneTimeTearDownAttribute;
	using ClassCleanup = DummyAttribute;
	using TestContext = System.Object;
	using AssertFailedException = NUnit.Framework.AssertionException;
#else
	using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
	using ClassInitializeNonStatic = DummyAttribute;
	using ClassCleanupNonStatic = DummyAttribute;
#endif
	#endregion

	/// <summary>
	/// Test class for ZyanProxy methods.
	///</summary>
	[TestClass]
	public class ZyanProxyTests
	{
		#region Interfaces and components

		/// <summary>
		/// Sample server interface
		/// </summary>
		public interface ISampleServer
		{
			event EventHandler TestEvent;

			void RaiseTestEvent();

			List<T> LoadList<T>() where T : new();

			T[] LoadArray<T>() where T : new();

			IEnumerable<T> LoadEnumerable<T>() where T : new();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Sample server implementation
		/// </summary>
		public class SampleServer : ISampleServer
		{
			public override int GetHashCode()
			{
				throw new AssertFailedException("GetHashCode() method is called remotely.");
			}

			public override bool Equals(object obj)
			{
				throw new AssertFailedException("Equals() method is called remotely.");
			}

			public override string ToString()
			{
				throw new AssertFailedException("ToString() method is called remotely.");
			}

			public event EventHandler TestEvent;

			public void RaiseTestEvent()
			{
				if (TestEvent != null)
				{
					TestEvent(null, EventArgs.Empty);
				}
			}

			public List<T> LoadList<T>() where T : new()
			{
				return LoadArray<T>().ToList();
			}

			public T[] LoadArray<T>() where T : new()
			{
				return new[] { new T() };
			}

			public IEnumerable<T> LoadEnumerable<T>() where T : new()
			{
				return LoadList<T>();
			}
		}

		#endregion

		#region Initialization and cleanup

		public TestContext TestContext { get; set; }

		static ZyanComponentHost ZyanHost { get; set; }

		static ZyanConnection ZyanConnection { get; set; }

		[ClassInitializeNonStatic]
		public void Initialize()
		{
			StartServer(null);
		}

		[ClassCleanupNonStatic]
		public void Cleanup()
		{
		}

		[ClassInitialize]
		public static void StartServer(TestContext ctx)
		{
			ZyanSettings.DisableUrlRandomization = true;

			var serverSetup = new IpcBinaryServerProtocolSetup("ZyanProxyTest");
			ZyanHost = new ZyanComponentHost("ZyanProxyServer", serverSetup);
			ZyanHost.RegisterComponent<ISampleServer, SampleServer>(ActivationType.Singleton);

			var clientSetup = new IpcBinaryClientProtocolSetup();
			ZyanConnection = new ZyanConnection("ipc://ZyanProxyTest/ZyanProxyServer", clientSetup);
		}

		[ClassCleanup]
		public static void StopServer()
		{
			ZyanConnection.Dispose();
			ZyanHost.Dispose();
		}

		#endregion

		[TestMethod]
		public void GetType_ShouldReturnISampleServer()
		{
			var proxy = ZyanConnection.CreateProxy<ISampleServer>();
			var type = proxy.GetType();

			// under Mono, type is always System.MarshalByRefObject
			// under .NET, type is ISampleServer

			Assert.IsNotNull(type);
			Assert.AreNotEqual(typeof(SampleServer), type);
		}

		[TestMethod]
		public void GetHashCode_ShouldReturnNonZeroValue()
		{
			var proxy = ZyanConnection.CreateProxy<ISampleServer>();
			var hash = proxy.GetHashCode();

			Assert.AreNotEqual(0, hash);
		}

		[TestMethod]
		public void EqualsForSameProxy_ShouldReturnTrue()
		{
			var proxy1 = ZyanConnection.CreateProxy<ISampleServer>();
			var proxy2 = ZyanConnection.CreateProxy<ISampleServer>();

			Assert.IsTrue(proxy1.Equals(proxy2));
		}

		[TestMethod]
		public void EqualsForNonProxy_ShouldReturnFalse()
		{
			var proxy1 = ZyanConnection.CreateProxy<ISampleServer>();
			var proxy2 = new object();

			Assert.IsFalse(proxy1.Equals(proxy2));
		}

		[TestMethod]
		public void ToString_ShouldReturnProxyDescription()
		{
			var proxy = ZyanConnection.CreateProxy<ISampleServer>();
			var toString = proxy.ToString();

			Assert.AreEqual("ipc://ZyanProxyTest/ZyanProxyServer/Zyan.Tests.ZyanProxyTests+ISampleServer", toString);
		}

		[TestMethod]
		public void GenericListMethod_ShouldWork()
		{
			var proxy = ZyanConnection.CreateProxy<ISampleServer>();
			var res = proxy.LoadList<Sample>();

			Assert.AreEqual(1, res.Count());
		}

		[TestMethod]
		public void GenericArrayMethod_ShouldWork()
		{
			var proxy = ZyanConnection.CreateProxy<ISampleServer>();
			var res = proxy.LoadArray<Sample>();

			Assert.AreEqual(1, res.Count());
		}

		[TestMethod]
		public void GenericEnumerableTMethod_ShouldWork()
		{
			var proxy = ZyanConnection.CreateProxy<ISampleServer>();
			var ints = proxy.LoadEnumerable<Sample>();

			// IEnumerable<T> return value is fine
			Assert.AreEqual(1, ints.Count());
		}

		[Serializable]
		public class Sample
		{
		}
	}
}


text:
Jonathan Dove (* 18. Juli 1959 in London) ist ein britischer Komponist.

Leben
Dove, Sohn eines Architektenehepaars, war Kompositionsschüler von Robin Holloway in Cambridge. Nach dem Diplom arbeitete er als Liedbegleiter, Repetitor, Animateur und Arrangeur. In Glyndebourne, wo er bei einem Opernprojekt assistiert hatte, erhielt er einen ersten Kompositionsauftrag. Von 2001 bis 2006 war er Künstlerischer Direktor des Spitalfields Festival.

Schaffen
Doves Werkkatalog umfasst mehr als 20 Opern, Chorwerke, Instrumental- und Orchestermusik sowie Bühnenmusik für das National Theatre in London, die Royal Shakespeare Company und das New York Shakespeare Festival.

Die 1998 komponierte Flughafenkomödie Flight wurde beim Glyndebourne Festival uraufgeführt und brachte Dove den Durchbruch. Zwei speziell für das Fernsehen geschriebene Opern erreichten ein Millionenpublikum: When She Died… (2002) handelt von den Reaktionen auf den Tod Prinzessin Dianas (gebürtige Diana Spencer), in Man on the Moon (2006) geht es um Buzz Aldrin, den zweiten Menschen auf dem Mond. Zwei Auftragswerke für die Opera North in Leeds haben auch das deutsche Opernpublikum erreicht: The Adventures of Pinocchio nach dem Kinderbuch von Carlo Collodi wurde zu Weihnachten 2007 in Leeds uraufgeführt, die Deutsche Erstaufführung unter dem Titel Pinocchios Abenteuer fand 2008 im Opernhaus Chemnitz statt. Swanhunter, eine Fantasy-Kurzoper nach Motiven des finnischen Kalevala-Epos, erlebte an denselben Häusern 2009 ihre Uraufführung und 2011 ihre Deutsche Erstaufführung.

Ein besonderes Engagement Doves gilt der Kulturarbeit auf lokaler Ebene. Mit "Community-Opern" wie The Palace in the Sky (2000) bringt er Menschen unterschiedlicher Herkunft und Bildung zusammen, um gemeinsam ein musikalisches Projekt zu gestalten.

Dove wurde auch mit Kompositionen für öffentliche Feiern beauftragt. So begleitete seine Musik die Feiern zur Jahrtausendwende am Millennium Dome in London und im Juni 2000 zur Eröffnung der Millennium Bridge (London), die zwischen St Paul's Cathedral und der Tate Gallery of Modern Art die Themse überquert.

Werke (Auswahl)

Opern

 Hastings Spring (Community-Oper, 1990)
 Pig (Kammeroper, 1992)
 Siren Song (1994)
 Flight (1998)
 Tobias and the Angel (Kirchenoper, Libretto: David Lan)
 The Palace in the Sky (Community-Oper, 2000)
 L'altra Euridice (2002)
 When She Died… (Death of a Princess) (TV-Oper anlässlich des 5. Todestages von Prinzessin Diana, 2002)
 Man on the Moon (TV-Oper, 2006)
 Hear Our Voice (Community-Oper in Zusammenarbeit mit Matthew King, Libretto von Tertia Sefton-Green, 2006)
 The Enchanted Pig (Libretto von Alasdair Middleton, 2007)
 The Adventures of Pinocchio (Libretto von Alasdair Middleton, 2007)
 Swanhunter (Libretto von Alasdair Middleton, 2009)
 Mansfield Park (Kammeroper nach dem Roman von Jane Austen, 2011)
 Life is a Dream (Oper nach dem Versdrama Das Leben ist ein Traum von Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Libretto von Alasdair Middleton, 2012)
 The Monster in the Maze (Oper nach der Minotaurus-Sage, 2014)
 Marx in London (Eine Komödie, Libretto von Charles Hart, 2018)

Andere Werke

 The Passing of the Year (Liederzyklus für zwei Chöre und Piano, 2000)
 The Magic Flute Dances (Flötenkonzert, 2000)
 His Dark Materials Part I & II (2003)
 On Spital Fields (Community-Kantate, 2005)
 Airport Scenes (Orchestersuite mit musikalischen Motiven der Oper Flight, 2006)
 Missa Brevis (2009)

Weblinks
 Biografie im Online-Katalog des Musikverlags Edition Peters Group
 Biografie im Online-Katalog des Musikverlags Faber Music
 Biografie auf der Website der BBC

Komponist (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Commander des Order of the British Empire
Brite
Geboren 1959
Mann
Träger des Ivor Novello Award


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Classic Dental Smiles > Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) > General Dentisrtry > What's the difference between a D.D.S. and a D.M.D.?
In short, just the name. D.D.S. stands for "Doctor of Dental Surgery" while D.M.D. stands for "Doctor of Dental Medicine." D.D.S. degrees were initially given when dentistry became organized back in the late 1800's. However, the designation of D.M.D. came about when schools such as Harvard decided to give out degrees in Latin. It was a nomenclature change. Simply put, they just wanted to change the name because they did not like the way it sounded in Latin.
Both are the same in scope and practice. Some dental schools give out D.M.D. degrees while others give out D.D.S. degrees. Both degrees are given by accredited American dental institutions, both require meeting the same rigorous academic standards and clinical licensure testing, and both are given at schools that require 3-4 years of postgraduate training. The American Dental Association (the governing board of dentistry) has made it clear that there is no difference in function between "Doctor of Dental Surgery" and "Doctor of Dental Medicine". The difference is only in the name.
Before settling in Rancho Bernardo, Dr. Brian Chan graduated from the Loma Linda School Of Dentistry where D.D.S. degrees are awarded. Same with his father, uncle, and two cousins, who all graduated from the same school and all have the same degrees!


text:
2.8M UK businesses vulnerable to IoT and OT cyber-attacks
Posted On Friday, 22 February 2019 12:30
Half of all UK businesses (49%) believe they have unknown third-party devices on their networks, an increase of 110,000 since last year
85% of IT managers say this poses a security risk to their organisations
London, UK: Half (49%) of the UK's 5.7m businesses are leaving themselves vulnerable to cyber-attacks by having unknown devices on their network, new research from Forescout has revealed today. This marks a significant increase of 2%, or 110,000, of businesses since April 2018.
The survey conducted by Censuswide found that 85% of CIOs and IT decision makers understand that a lack of visibility and control of the devices on their network poses a real risk to their security infrastructure. Despite this high level of awareness, 1.6% of UK businesses admit to still not using any cyber security solutions at all to protect themselves.
One challenge for UK businesses is the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) and operational technology (OT) devices connecting to their networks. Sixty-nine percent of organisations say they now have over 1,000 such devices, with one in five (19%) organisations even stating that they have more than 10,000 connected devices on their network.
OT and IT convergence as a security challenge
Additionally, the convergence of IT and OT can create security blind spots that leave organisations vulnerable. The majority (58%) of IT decision makers believe that having a centralised approach to IT and OT security will protect businesses against these vulnerabilities, yet only 49% have implemented such an approach within their own organisation.
The research coincides with the latest update to Forescout's flagship solution, which offers customers the industry's first fully-integrated device visibility and control platform for unified IT and OT security. The latest product features include:
Expanded device visibility and discovery:
Visibility into multi-cloud infrastructures now includes Microsoft Azure, adding to its existing offerings with AWS and VMware. New integration with Cisco ACI provides visibility into SDN for data center environments. Integration with Belden industrial switches as well as SecurityMatters, along with passive monitoring into the lower layers of OT network stacks, provides deeper visibility into control systems and instrumentation devices. This adds to Forescout's existing OT capabilities and will give organizations the only true end-to-end coverage for OT networks.
Auto-classification for medical and industrial devices: Extensive enhancements in auto-classification capabilities now allow organizations to identify over 500 different operating systems and over 5,000 different device vendors and models. New deep-packet inspection of over 100 IT and OT protocols powers accurate classification of healthcare devices from over 375 leading medical technology vendors, and thousands of industrial control and automation devices. Forescout's industry-leading device cloud has now grown to more than eight million devices, enabling superior classification efficacy, velocity and coverage across IT, IoT and OT devices.
Network segmentation controls: The Forescout platform now includes orchestration of segmentation controls with Fortinet next-generation firewalls and Cisco DNA-Center. This adds to existing segmentation capabilities with Palo Alto Networks, Check Point, AWS, VMware and leading enterprise and industrial networking equipment. As organizations embrace IT and OT segmentation, this enables them to automate controls across heterogeneous firewalls as well as physical, virtual, cloud and SDN environments.
Improved risk assessment and incident response: New risk assessment capabilities include vulnerability assessment for OT devices and industrial control systems (ICS). Additionally, device impersonation detection identifies rogue devices using spoofing techniques, helps organizations prevent malicious access and improves audit compliance. New orchestration capabilities with Microsoft Intune improve mobile device assessment and configuration compliance. For organizations looking to improve security and IT operations efficiency, the Forescout platform now orchestrates with ServiceNow ITSM and Security Operations products to automate incident response.
"Our latest research shows that, despite various new regulatory benchmarks and many notable attacks on industry giants in the past twelve months, UK businesses are still painfully unaware of the huge threat vector that connected devices present," commented Myles Bray, vice president of EMEA, Forescout. "To properly protect themselves, it is imperative that organisations in the UK are able to not only identify, but also fully manage and control every single third-party device that accesses their network. One way in which they can achieve more comprehensive insights is by implementing a centralised management platform that can provide real-time device visibility and control for enterprises across all industries."


text:
außer Sonn- & Feiertags
14548 Schwielowsee
Mühlengrund 22
0 178 - 93 96 320 Mobil
H1 Heading tag 36 px
18 pt, 28 leadinig. For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence. It's a sad reality, but these kinds of accusations often shame ladies
16 pt, 26 leading. For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence. It's a sad reality, but these kinds of accusations often shame ladies from layering on the foundation and
14 pt, 24 leading. For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence. It's a sad reality, but these kinds of accusations often shame ladies from layering on the foundation and mascara that might make them feel a bit better about
H4 Heading tag 18 px, bold
13 pt, 22 leading. For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence.
For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence. It's a sad reality, but these kinds of accusations often shame ladies from layering on the foundation and mascara that might make them feel a bit better about themselves in the morning (or that they just straight-up love). Beauty vlogger NikkieTutorials is here to set the haters straight, BuzzFeed reports.
For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence. It's a sad reality, but these kinds of accusations often shame ladies from
For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence.
Custom Layout 2/3 +1/3
For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence. It's a sad reality, but these kinds of accusations often shame ladies from layering on the foundation and mascara that might make them feel a bit better about themselves in the morning (or that they just straight-up love).
Beauty vlogger NikkieTutorials is here to For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence. It's a sad reality, but these kinds of accusations often shame ladies from layering on the foundation and mascara that might make them feel a bit better about themselves in the morning (or that they just straight-up love).
For something as fun as makeup, it tends to be at the center of a lot of controversy. Women who choose to wear it are sometimes accused of "lying," while others are viewed as lacking confidence. It's a sad reality, but these kinds of accusations often shame ladies from layering on the foundation and mascara that might make them feel a bit better about themselves in the
It's a sad reality, but these kinds of accusations
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Invigorating scrub followed by a natural sea mud packed with minerals and anti-oxidants purifies skin and boosts circulation. You will feel relaxed and leave with firmer and more toned skin.
The hands and feet of clients should be cleaned and dried before a manicure or pedicure. Any instrument or part of an instrument used on a client should be cleaned with detergent and warm water, dried and thermally disinfected before being used on another client. If an instrument penetrates the skin, then it requires cleaning and sterilisation. Single-use instruments are recommended and should be discarded after each client use
The client's face should be cleaned before any massage of facial tissue or the application of lotions, creams, moisturisers or make-up. All applicators should be either single use or cleaned and dried after each client. Ultraviolet light cabinets are not suitable as drying cabinets for brushes or other similar equipment.
In the attachment of acrylic nails and similar products to normal nails, care should be taken to avoid the formation of spaces between the two, which could provide the perfect environment for microorganisms to grow. It is important that an operator does not work on nails that are abnormal in appearance or have any evidence of infection.
Low-risk procedures such as hairdressing, hairstyling, manicures/pedicures and make-up procedures can be conducted in the client's home or other settings (for example, a hotel, hostel, day care centre or nursing home) if the operator is registered with the local government within which they reside. Mobile personal care and body art businesses that conduct skin penetration procedures are not permitted.
A timeless full body massage style that uses long, flowing strokes to encourage relaxation, lymphatic drainage and detoxification.
Skin may be more susceptible to irritation or infection for up to 48 hours after a waxing procedure, so clients should be advised that they should not:
swim or have a spa bath
wear tight clothing such as jeans, tights and leotards, because these may cause excessive perspiration
sunbathe or have a solarium treatment
use a deodorant on the waxed area.
In the attachment of acrylic nails and similar products to normal nails, care should be taken to avoid the formation of spaces between the two, which could provide the perfect environment for microorganisms to grow. It is important that an operator does not work on nails that are abnormal in appearance or have any evidence of infection (redness, pus, tenderness or swelling). The operator should not disguise nails affected by an infection, and should advise the client to consult a medical practitioner
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A Crown Equipment Corp. employee recently works on the new Vietnam War Memorial. . .
NEW BREMEN - A memorial honoring Vietnam War veterans is being constructed at the Kuenning-Dicke Natural Area.
The monument was designed by architect John Freytag of Sidney and is nearing completion after construction had begun in May. Freytag said he wanted it to make a statement and to be immediately recognizable. So he created a small-scale version of the famous black-granite memorial in Washington, D.C.
"When people walk up to it, they're going to recognize it and know what it is and know why it's there," he said.
But unlike the capital's memorial, the soldier's names won't be engraved into the granite, he said.
Instead, the New Bremen Foundation, which is funding the project through collected donations, is raising money to purchase a plaque that will accompany the memorial. The plaque is expected to be completed in six to eight weeks, foundation director Anna Rammel said.
Crown Equipment Corp. employees helped construct the monument, with each stone weighing about 400-600 pounds, Freytag said. The stones are sealed with black caulk to match.
Freytag also designed the Civil War and World War II memorials at the park, all honoring the Kuenning family's rich military history, Rammel said.
Brothers Tom Sr. and Bob Kuenning served in the Army and Navy, respectively, while Tom Kuenning Jr. served in the Air Force, Rammel noted.
The foundation hopes the memorials "provide a beautiful and quiet place for the community to remember their loved ones who also served," Rammel said.
Land for the park, which sits along the Miami-Erie Canal on the north side of the village, was donated by the Kuenning family to the New Bremen Foundation 13 years ago, Rammel wrote in an email.
The park includes 71 acres of wildlife protection and a peaceful site for outdoor recreation, according to the foundation's website. More than 800 trees have been planted there to spur the return of native plant and animal species. Within the park are 2.5 miles of walking trails and a three-acre lake.
Development of its infrastructure and the memorial are funded through donations.
Harness racing has a big following in Ohio.


Biologist turned entrepreneur, Lorena Zeilman, opened TRUE SHINE in January 2017. This business was born out of the need for a truly client-focused cleaning service that would exceed client expectations. With a biology background and community development penchant, Lorena created a well rounded business model that incorporates sustainable practices (no paper products used ever, and only all natural and organic products are used), social justice (employees are paid well above industry standards), and community engagement via volunteerism (we are partnered with Cleaning For A Reason). Flagstaff has responded more positively than we expected, and we are growing very quickly!
Book a Free Quote Appointment!


Every month dozens of Parker County residents are arrested. Most remain in jail unless they deposit bail money with the courts as a guarantee they will appear for their court dates. Even defendants who have no prior records and have committed minor offenses could spend enough time in jail to lose their jobs if they can't pay bail. Since the average amount of bail is $50,000, most defendants have trouble coming up with the cash. Fortunately, Bail Bond Agents in Parker County get many prisoners freed quickly. Professionals like Vaughn's Cowtown Bail Bonds ensure that all paperwork is submitted and respect clients' privacy.
Bail Bond Agents in Parker County have years of experience with local court systems and they understand how procedures work. As a result, they can walk defendants through processes and explain what will happen every step of the way. Arrests confuse and overwhelm most people, primarily because they do not understand the legal system. Bond agents help by advising clients of their rights and explaining the limitations of laws.
There is a great deal of paperwork involved in an arrest and more is required for a release. It is critical that defendants provide the correct information and complete forms on time. One mistake could cause delays or extend jail time. Knowing this, bail agents take care of the forms. Agents are comfortable with the most complex documents and understand the filing process.
When clients hire bail bond agents, they are guaranteed that their privacy will be protected. Agents treat clients with respect and dignity. They guard defendants' information and privacy as they arrange their freedom. Bail bond experts often work so quickly that clients never miss work or school. Many defendants' friends and relatives do not learn about arrests unless they tell them.
Bail bond companies are an important part of the legal system because they help defendants go free until their court dates. Bond agents charge defendants a fee and then write bonds that guarantee their clients will appear in court. Agents represent defendants to the courts, ensure their paperwork is filed, and protect their privacy. Browse us for more information!


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hacking back
Is offense really your best defense?
In this op-ed, a cybersecurity executive says the ACDC is well-intentioned legislation, but policy often underestimates the complexities of international cyber operations.
Jul 1, 2019 By Rosa L. Smothers
(DoD News / Flickr)
Private sector warms to U.S. Cyber Command carrying out 'hack backs'
The U.S. government should decide how to retaliate against the worst attacks on the country's private sector.
Jun 19, 2018 By Ryan Duffy
Jeanette Manfra speaks May 22, 2018, at the Security Through Innovation Summit presented by McAfee and produced by CyberScoop and FedScoop. (CyberScoop)
With White House coordinator gone, DHS official calls for U.S. leadership on cybersecurity
In the wake of the White House's decision to eliminate its top cybersecurity position, a Department of Homeland security official has called on the U.S. government to…
May 22, 2018 By Sean Lyngaas
Clarity needed on 'active defense' by cyber-victims: report
The Justice Department should issue guidance about what kinds of "active defense" measures are permissible under U.S. law and the Homeland Security Department should develop procedures for…
Oct 31, 2016 By Shaun Waterman


This house / villa (architect house) of 246 m² (about 2644 ft²), built in 1997, with a land size of 1564 m² (about 0,39 acres) has 8 rooms including 5 bedrooms, 1 bathroom, 2 shower rooms and 3 toilets. It has a living room of 50 m² (about 538 ft²), dining room, a fitted, a terrace, a garage, a cellar and 2 parkings. Heating : individual gaz.


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Charles M. Schulz's Pigskin Peanuts exhibition
1712 S. Glendale Ave.
www.forestlawn.com/glendale/
10 a.m.-5 p.m. Jan. 18-March 15. An homage to the late legendary Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz, this exhibit features 50 Sunday and daily football-themed comic strips, as well as Peanuts objects and ephemera. Pigskin Peanuts demonstrates the fun Schulz had with the sport of football and gives the public a up-close-and-personal view of Schulz's long-loved bunch of cartoon kids and animals: Charlie Brown, Lucy, Marcie, Snoopy, Woodstock and the rest of the gang. On display are iconic strips like "Fall Classic" (where Lucy pulls the ball away from Charlie Brown just as he runs up to kick it) and the "Mad Punters'" exuberant capers, along with Woodstock's valiant gridiron efforts, Marcie's total ineptitude at the game, and the passion and ferocity which marked Peppermint Patty's play. Visitors can also dress up in the team locker room, take a photo for a football trading card and try their own hand at "pulling the football" from Charlie Brown.
1712 S. Glendale Ave. - Glendale


Want to join the Woking Bustler team?
WCT is a not for profit organisation, which was setup by Woking Borough Council to provide transport for those within the community who have reduced mobility. By working for WCT, you will be helping to support social inclusion and wellbeing, for the young and old within our community.
Thank you for your interest however we are currently not recruiting.
Feel free to return to this page at any time.
Specialist training is also provided as required.
You will require a full UK driving licence with D1 category to be a community driver.
Passenger Assistants are required to accompany and assist our special needs passengers during their transportation.
Passenger Assistants typically work a split day of two to three hours in the morning, and two to three hours in the afternoon.
Successful applicants will be subject to disclosure and barring checks.
Why not join our team, and give something back to your community!
Become a member of Woking Community Transport, registering is FREE!


DENVER, Colo.— Computing and networking experts from Indiana University will gather in the Mile High City next week for SC17, the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis taking place November 12-17 in Denver. SC17 is one of the world's foremost tech events, annually attracting thousands of scientists, researchers, and IT experts from across the world.
IU's Pervasive Technology Institute, Global Research Network Operations Center, and School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering (SICE) will team up to host a research-oriented booth (#601) in the exhibition portion of the conference, showcasing current research and educational initiatives.
With the theme "We put the 'super' in computing," the IU booth will showcase staff and faculty members and projects that are pushing the boundaries of what's possible in computing and networking. Although they may not sport capes, the IU team devotes its considerable abilities to harnessing the cloud, achieving maximum throughput, engineering intelligent systems, and thwarting real-life cybervillains.
One highlight of IU's participation in SC17 is Judy Qiu's invited talk, "Harp-DAAL: A Next Generation Platform for High Performance Machine Learning on HPC-Cloud." Qiu is an associate professor in the intelligent systems engineering department in SICE. She will discuss growth in HPC and machine learning for big data with cloud infrastructure, and introduce Harp-DAAL, a high performance machine learning framework.
The Supercomputing Conference is always a fantastic opportunity to showcase the work that is being conducted at SICE and provides a spotlight for our wonderful faculty.
This year, the IU team continues its leadership role in organizing the conference. Matt Link, associate vice president and director of systems for IU Research Technologies, serves as a member of the SC Steering Committee. Scott Michael, manager of research analytics, is vice chair of the Students@SC committee, and Jenett Tillotson, senior system administrator for high performance systems, is a member of the Student Cluster Competition committee.
Additionally, IU network engineers will continue a decades-long tradition of helping to operate SCinet, one of the most powerful and advanced networks in the world. Created each year for the conference, SCinet is a high-capacity network to support the applications and experiments that are the hallmark of the SC conference. Laura Pettit, SICE director of intelligent systems engineering research operations, is the SCinet volunteer services co-chair, and ISE doctoral students Lucas Brasilino and Jeremy Musser are also volunteering with SCinet.
Current Trends and Future Challenges in HPC by Jack Donagarra, University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Special event: Jetstream and OpenStack by Dave Hancock and partners. OpenStack is the emerging standard for deploying cloud computing capabilities, and cloud-based infrastructure is increasingly able to handle HPC workloads. During this special event, members of the Jetstream team and the OpenStack Foundation Scientific Working Group will discuss how they use OpenStack to serve HPC customers.
Science Gateways with Apache Airavata by Marlon Pierce, Eroma Abeysinghe and Surresh Marru. Science gateways are user interfaces and user-supporting services that simplify access to advanced resources for novice users and provide new modes of usage for power users. Apache Airavata is open source cyberinfrastructure software for building science gateways. During this demonstration, the presenters provide an overview of recent developments.
Big Data Toolkit Spanning HPC, Grid, Edge and Cloud Computing by Geoffrey Fox. This demonstration looks at big data programming environments such as Hadoop, Spark, Flink, Heron, Pregel; HPC concepts such as MPI and asynchronous many-task runtimes; and cloud/grid/edge ideas such as event-driven computing, serverless computing, workflow and services.
Cybersecurity for Science by Von Welch. The Center for Applied Cybersecurity Research, affiliated with the Pervasive Technology Institute at Indiana University, specializes in cybersecurity for R&D. In this scope, the center works with science communities across the country, including leading the National Science Foundation's Cybersecurity Center of Excellence. This talk will provide an overview of what cybersecurity means in the context of science and how it can enable productive, trusted scientific research.
Enabling High-Speed Networking for Researchers by Chris Robb. With data networking becoming increasingly complex and opaque, researchers are often unsure how to address poor performance between their endpoints. This talk will introduce the IRNC NOC Performance Engagement Team (PET) and show how it can help researchers determine the best approach to achieving their maximum bandwidth potential.
Scientific Workflow Integrity for Pegasus by Von Welch and partners. The Pegasus Workflow Management System is a popular system for orchestrating complex scientific workflows. In this talk, the PIs of the NSF-funded Scientific Workflow Integrity for Pegasus project will talk about scientific data integrity challenges and their work to add greater assurances to Pegasus for data integrity.
Macroscopes from the "Places & Spaces: Mapping Science" Exhibition by Katy Börner. See up to 100 large-format maps that showcase effective visualization techniques to communicate science to the general public. These interactive visualizations, called macroscopes, help people see patterns in data that are too large or complex to view unaided.
International Networks at IU by Jennifer Schopf. International Networks at IU is a multi-million dollar NSF-funded program that supports the use of international links between the United States, Europe, Asia and Africa. Demos will review our currently supported links, as well as the measurement and monitoring services deployed on the links.
The Pervasive Technology Institute (PTI) at Indiana University is a world-class organization dedicated to the development and delivery of innovative information technology to advance research, education, industry and society. Since 2000, PTI has received more than $50 million from the National Science Foundation to advance the nation's research cyberinfrastructure.


DescriptionRosetta is a rendering of the Rosetta Stone, an artifact discovered in Egypt in 1799 that enabled the language of ancient Egypt to be deciphered for the first time (due to its inclusion of the same royal proclamation translated into ancient Egyptian, Demotic, and ancient Greek). This historically and archaeologically significant object is rendered in salt on a blackboard, and visibly degrades over time as the adhesion of the salt breaks down, symbolizing how every language represented on the Rosetta Stone is considered to be a "dead language". The power of the Rosetta Stone, as the key to the modern understanding of ancient Egyptian history and culture, is represented in an impermanent material to illustrate the disappearance of language and the rise and fall of human civilizations.


Egg-Genesis is both Silver's third and Sonic's fourth boss in Sonic the Hedgehog (2006). For Silver, it is fought in White Acropolis, while Sonic faces the machine after Radical Train.
Eggman's Egg-Genesis is essentially a huge, floating weapons platform. Four giant missile launchers jut out from a central core, which sports under-mounted laser batteries and point defences above. Due to the hedgehogs' different gameplay styles, Sonic and Silver have to utilise different tactics to defeat the battle fortress. In White Acropolis, Silver must simply pluck the Egg-Genesis' swarms of missiles out of the air and hurl them back en masse. Sonic, on the other hand, has to dodge the hail of munitions and wait until Egg Fliers or Egg Gunners appear; using them as Homing Attack stepping-stones, Sonic can get onto the boss machine's extended missile arms and run up to the central core, where two or three Bound Attacks will deal the damage.
Bringing the Egg-Genesis' health bar down to zero isn't quite the end of the boss, though. In a final act of spite, Eggman attempts to have the machine crash on top of Sonic or Silver. Just keep running around the edge of the arena to avoid being squished.
This page was last edited on 8 April 2018, at 08:50.


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Home MAGAZINE STORIES NORTHERN LIGHT - 2008
LES MANNING - HOMAGE
"Through the Looking Glass," September 26 to November 16, 2008, Glenbow Museum, Calgary
NORTHERN LIGHT - 2008
by Ann Rosenberg
Fall/Winter 2008 Cover
"Lava Hills, Iceland"
David Burdeny, "Lava Hills, Iceland," Chromogenic print, 2008, 64" X 32".
"Giant Tabular Iceberg in Fog"
David Burdeny, "Giant Tabular Iceberg in Fog," Antarctica, Chromogenic print, 2007, 69" X 23"
"Ice Filled Lake, Iceland"
David Burdeny, "Ice Filled Lake, Iceland," Chromogenic print, 2008, 64" X 23".
"Weddell Sea Entrance"
David Burdeny, "Weddell Sea Entrance," Antarctica, Chromogenic print, 2007, 69" X 23".
Photographer David Burdeny documents a grand and endangered landscape.
BY: Ann Rosenberg
Abstract architectonic devices have been central to David Burdeny's artistic career since he began showing in 2003. In the past, his black and white images, shot in many parts of the world, explored the effects of symmetry and asymmetry. In his Shorelines series (2001 to 2006), docks, abandoned railway tracks, fences, and pilings often thrust the eye to the point at infinity where the sea melted into the sky. It wasn't important if they were shot in Richmond, Big Sur, Calais or Japan.
At the time, he wrote about his fascination with the light and immensity of the ocean, and his own minuscule place in it. He suggested that the reductiveness of his lens forced viewers to perceive portions of the ocean's vastness as an unexpectedly formalized landscape. Burdeny mused that the glory of the landscape lay in the small detail in the midst of the water's size — a slowly moving sky, the sun moving across the surface of boulders, sea foam swirling around pylons.
Twelve recently printed images of icebergs and fragments constitute his fall show at Vancouver's Jennifer Kostuik Gallery. Touched by subtle light and often alive with spectral colour, the 11 panoramas and one square introductory piece are the pure subjects of a group of works that continue Burdeny's interpretation of the ice floes in the Arctic (in Canada's North and in the oceans off Greenland) and of Antarctica. These new images seamlessly extend a series that began in 2007 with his work Iceberg 01, Greenland that is reminiscent of Lawren Harris's 1930 painting Icebergs in Davis Strait.
Burdeny is aware of the current scientific concern with the unexpectedly rapid melting of ocean ice near both Poles, and the potential consequences of such a catastrophic melt. He believes that human consumption has contributed to global warming, but he didn't create these images to be a critical part of an ecological dialogue, which he thinks should be left up to experts. He does think that representing the astounding loveliness of the ice should contribute to the desire to do whatever can be done to slow (and even halt) their extinction.
How did he get so close to the icebergs? Just as other tourists do — in the small boats and Zodiacs supplied by trekking companies. How and when did he become a photographer with such a refined and particular aesthetic? That is another question, for which there is a more complex answer.
Burdeny has no exact memory of the first black and white photo he printed in the makeshift darkroom in his bedroom cupboard when he was 12, except that it was a Prairie landscape. The means of expression was new, but his love for the lakes and fields that surrounded Winnipeg, the city where he was born in 1968, was more deeply rooted and would be, in a sense, more long-lasting. Nature, not the urban centre, is his abiding subject, but he also tracks the evidence that attests to the human presence in nature.
In 1993 Burdeny graduated with a Bachelor of Interior Design from the University of Winnipeg. Five years after that, he earned a Master of Architecture from the same institution — he still works as an architect, with a second career as an artist.
His university education probably inspired concepts and compositions, but rather than becoming obvious influences, they reinforced Burdeny's innate desire to strip away non-essentials in order to reveal what was immutable through change in nature. He absorbed the less is more philosophy of Mies van der Rohe and other Bauhaus architects, leading him to a modern appreciation of pure form, and the non-objective shapes of Russian Suprematist Kazimir Malevich's paintings perhaps affirmed the artist's knowledge that the spiritual essence of art could be communicated through deceptively simple means.
In the three series Burdeny has produced so far atmospheric,landscape compositions fill his lens. Shorelinesincludes quiet, contemplative images that he captured with medium-format 2 ¼ x 2 ¼-inch and large format 4 x 5-inch Linhof Field cameras. To produce his recent panoramas, he uses an even larger 8 x 10-inch camera.
As early as 15 years ago, Burdeny had begun to experiment with low light and night photography, which led to the Shorelines project. At that time he discovered that long exposures (even two to three minutes with an open shutter) produced unexpected and often exciting results. His experimentation was inspired by Japanese fine art photographer Hiroshi Sugimoto, whose Theatres series played with the concept of light and exposure, capturing the bright unnaturalness of empty movie theatres as their films flickered. Sugimoto's Seascapes series also takes on a serene abstractness in its simplicity.
Meticulous high resolution development of the black and white (and now colour) film in his darkroom studio or a lab is critical to the final outcome. And as everyone knows, photo reproduction and photo longevity is in a state of constant improvement, so that images purchased today, if kept under proper conditions, might well last an estimated 170 years, perhaps longer than an iceberg.
David Burdeny opens his show North/South at the Jennifer Kostuik Gallery in Vancouver on September 11, 2008. Burdeny is also represented by Herringer Kiss Gallery, Calgary, Lausberg Contemporary, Toronto, and David Weinberg Gallery, Chicago, among others.
Jennifer Kostuik Gallery
1070 Homer St, Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 2W9
Hours Tues to Sat 10 am - 6 pm; Thurs, Fri til 8 pm; Sun 1 pm - 5 pm
David Burdeny Cover Story Fall/Winter 2008 issue Jennifer Kostuik Gallery Herringer Kiss Gallery Lausberg Contemporary Gallery


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Getting High in Senior Year: NYU Researchers Examine Whether Reasons for Smoking Pot are Associated with Use of other Illicit Drugs
CDUHR College of Nursing Research School of Medicine
A new study, published in the American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse by researchers affiliated with New York University's Center for Drug Use and HIV Research (CDUHR), examines how reasons for illicit marijuana use relates to the use of other drugs individually, rather than grouping them into a single "illicit drug" group.
The study reveals—"boredom," "experimentation," and "insight"—are reasons for use related to increased and decreased risk of use of other drugs.
Marijuana is the most prevalent drug in the U.S. Approximately 70% of the 2.8 million individuals who initiated use of illicit drugs in 2013 reported that marijuana was their first drug. Despite extensive research examining potential links between marijuana use and other drug use, the literature is currently lacking data regarding which illicit marijuana users are most likely to engage in use of other illicit drugs.
"Aside from marijuana, a wide range of illicit drugs are prevalent, each having different use patterns, and different effects and dangers associated with use," said Joseph J. Palamar, PhD, MPH, a CDUHR affiliated researcher and an assistant professor of Population Health at NYU Langone Medical Center (NYULMC). "Our research helped to identify subtypes of illicit marijuana users who use other drugs, as this may be able to inform prevention efforts."
The cross-sectional study, "Reasons for Recent Marijuana Use in Relation to Use of Other Illicit Drugs among High School Seniors in the United States," draws data from Monitoring the Future (MTF), a nationwide ongoing annual study of the behaviors, attitudes, and values of American secondary school students. The MTF survey is administered in approximately 130 public and private schools throughout 48 states in the US. Roughly 15,000 high school seniors are assessed annually.
Analyses focused on data collected from high school seniors (12th graders), in 12 cohorts (2000-2011; weighted N=6,481), who reported use of marijuana in the last 12 months. The analysis examined self-reported use of eight other illicit drugs: powder cocaine, crack, heroin, LSD, other psychedelics, and nonmedical use of amphetamine/stimulants, tranquilizers/benzodiazepines, and narcotics (other than heroin).
The researchers found that using marijuana to alleviate boredom was associated with increased risk for reporting use of powder cocaine or hallucinogens other than LSD. Nearly a fifth (19.8%) of the sample reported using marijuana for insight or understanding and this reason was also positively related to use of hallucinogens other than LSD. And, 11% reported using marijuana to increase the effects of other drugs; this was a consistent correlate of reporting use of each drug examined in this analysis, even when controlling for sociodemographic and substance use variables.
"Interestingly, we found that using marijuana 'to experiment' decreased risk of reporting use of each of the eight drugs examined before adjusting for other variables," said Palamar. "The marijuana users in this sample who used to experiment were consistently at low risk for use of nonmedical use of prescription narcotics."
Palamar warns that this does not mean that experimenting with marijuana within itself is protective against other drug use. Rather—among recent marijuana users, those who say they're merely just trying it are often at low risk for moving on to other drugs.
Researchers also found that infrequent use in the last year was generally not a risk factor for use of other illicit drugs.
"It seems that only a subset of illicit marijuana users is at risk for use of other illicit drugs," notes Palamar. "Most teens who use marijuana don't progress to use of other drugs and we believe this is evidenced in part by the fact that nearly two-thirds of these marijuana-using teens did not report use of any of the other illicit drugs we examined."
This study highlights different associations between reasons for marijuana use and use of other specific illicit drugs. These results can help inform preventive and education efforts in identifying and targeting specific risk factors in illicit marijuana users with aims to prevent the use of other drugs.
"Programs and education efforts, for example, can benefit from knowing that marijuana users who use because they are bored are more likely to use certain other drugs," said Palamar. "It may be feasible for prevention programs to address ways of coping with factors such as boredom in order to decrease risk."
Palamar notes that research is needed to determine whether legalization and regulation in states such as Colorado further remove marijuana from "street" markets which may contain sources of not just marijuana, but other illicit drugs.
Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Authors and Affiliations: Joseph J. Palamar,1,2; Marybec Griffin-Tomas, 2,3;  Dimita Kamboukos, 1
1 New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Population Health, New York, NY 10016, USA, 2 Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, 3 Global Institute of Public Health New York University, New York, NY.
Monitoring the Future data were collected through a research grant (R01 DA-01411) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Palamar is also supported by NIDA research grant K01-DA038800. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the principal investigators, NIH or NIDA. The authors would like to thank the principal investigators (PIs: Johnston, Bachman, O'Malley, and Schulenberg) at The University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research for providing access to these data (http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/landing.jsp).
About CDUHR
The mission of the Center for Drug Use and HIV Research (CDUHR) is to end the HIV and HCV epidemics in drug using populations and their communities by conducting transdisciplinary research and disseminating its findings to inform programmatic, policy, and grass roots initiatives at the local, state, national and global levels. CDUHR is a Core Center of Excellence funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grant #P30 DA011041).  It is the first center for the socio-behavioral study of substance use and HIV in the United States and is located at the New York University College of Nursing. For more information, visit www.cduhr.org.
About NYU Langone Medical Center
NYU Langone Medical Center, a world-class, patient-centered, integrated academic medical center, is one of the nation's premier centers for excellence in clinical care, biomedical research, and medical education. Located in the heart of Manhattan, NYU Langone is composed of four hospitals—Tisch Hospital, its flagship acute care facility; Rusk Rehabilitation; the Hospital for Joint Diseases, the Medical Center's dedicated inpatient orthopaedic hospital; and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, a comprehensive pediatric hospital supporting a full array of children's health services across the Medical Center—plus the NYU School of Medicine, which since 1841 has trained thousands of physicians and scientists who have helped to shape the course of medical history. The Medical Center's tri-fold mission to serve, teach, and discover is achieved 365 days a year through the seamless integration of a culture devoted to excellence in patient care, education, and research. For more information, go to www.NYULMC.org.
About New York University College of Nursing
NYU College of Nursing is a global leader in nursing education, research, and practice. It offers a Bachelor of Science with major in Nursing, a Master of Science and Post-Master's Certificate Programs, a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree and a Doctor of Philosophy in Research Theory and Development. For more information, visit https://nursing.nyu.edu/
Christopher James
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Physicists Discover How Particles Self-Assemble
NYU Wagner's NYC 2025 Initiative Plans Nov. 17 Discussion with the Association for a Better New York on Policies to Help the City to Advance
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To extend the Andean Trade Preference Act, and for other purposes.
A bill to amend title 49, United States Code, to expand passenger facility fee eligibility for certain noise compatibility projects.
To authorize the Secretary of the Army to retain funds collected from recreation fees at Lake Texoma to repair flood-damaged recreation facilities.
To amend title 23, United States Code, to authorize States to issue special permits to allow the operation of vehicles of not to exceed 95,000 pounds on Interstate System highways for the hauling of livestock.
To establish an earned import allowance program under Public Law 109-53, and for other purposes.


Love the background and design.
This is really reminding me of an sweet old fashion log cabin quilt. Thank you so much for taking time to post your very creative art with us this week at Word Art Wednesday, in our 197th challenge.
I love the look of your paper piecing.
Hey what a fabulous and striking use of those snippets and so effective to flip the sketch with it!
Wow, what a great piecing!!!! Love the CAS Style and the BACKGROUND!
Thanks for playing with NSS and good luck.
Fabulous card and great use of those left over strips! Wonderful!
This is really striking, a super, innovative interpretation of the sketch!
What a genius way to use the sketch and use up those scraps. Such perfect placement of your strips too.
Great use of the snippets!
Karen, do I mind? I'm HONORED that you've pinned it. Thank you!!!


Changing Mines in America, is a collaboration with a landscape historian, C. Elizabeth Raymond and photographer Peter Goin. Together, they examined the visual and cultural legacy of mining landscapes throughout the United States. The selected sites include: Rawhide, Nevada; American Flat, Nevada; Eagle Mountain, California; Bingham Canyon, Utah; Karnes County, Texas; Mesabi Iron Range, Minnesota; and Butte, Montana.