text:
Round-Ups, Reviews, and Ratings
DAW Comparison Chart
Mixing Basics
Pro Tools 9 Basics Tutorial
theDAWstudio.com
Home Tips Recording Drum Recording
theDAWstudio
A drum kit, drum set, or trap kit is one of the most difficult instruments to record effectively. There are many different percussive elements that all work together to create a drum kit. This includes drums hit with sticks (toms), a drum hit with a beater kick pedal (kick or bass drum), a drum with strands of metal stretch across the bottom (snare), cymbals hooked together to create a choked sound (hi hat), and cymbals to both hit and let ring and to keep time. It would be much simpler if you only had to record one of these at a time, but all together? That creates a world of challenges. These challenges can simply be overcome by understanding the elements of a drum kit, learning how to tune drums, becoming familiar with some standard mics and placements, and dealing with bleed and phase issues.
The Elements of a Drum Kit
• Kick Drum (Bass Drum) – Low frequency drum that is set on it's side and played with a mallet beater rigged to a foot pedal.
• Snare Drum – Mid to high frequency two headed drum played with a drumstick and rigged with a taught set of snares (metal, plastic, or nylon strands) strung across the bottom head that provides the 'crack' of the drum set.
• Toms (Tom Toms) – High to mid to low frequency two headed drums played with a drumstick providing an almost pitched drum to use in fills and other rhythm figures with a drum set.
• Cymbal(s) – Flat piece of metal (actually made from flattening a wind of wire) that is hit with a drumstick or mallet providing an explosive metallic sound used for either a sharp accent (crash, splash, or china) or as a division of the beat (ride).
Drum Tuning
Even though everything looks modern, drums are still based on a simple design that has been used in hundreds of cultures for thousands of years. Take a cylinder and stretch a skin or material over one open side and then hit it. Modern drums work the same way. They are cylinders with a drum 'head' attached on one or both ends, that is tightened with metallic hardware. The tighter the head, the higher the tuning. Now drums can't necessarily be tuned to a specific frequency, because their harmonic structure is so full that the sound is basically a burst of noise. But they can be tuned to an ideal resonance with the size of the drum, and they can also be tuned to sound higher and tighter or lower and looser. The level of tightness or looseness is not really the concern, it's the consistency. Drum head tightening hardware on modern drumkits have a series of lugs, screws, or tightening points around the drum. These are used to tighten the head to a similar level of tautness on all edges. If the edges of the drum are not equally taught, the drum sounds less focused or 'out of tune'. Tuning drums is both about making the head equally taut and finding a level of tautness that is desirable for a specific drum sound. Check out the video below to learn how to tune drums.
Standard Mics
Like anything in recording there are standards, rules, or guidelines that can all be broken. So of course there are standard mics that engineers love to put on different parts of a drum kit. Can you break these suggestions and still get a good drum sound? Of course. In general dynamic mics are usually preferred for mic'ing drums
Bleed and Phase Issues
Previous articleEQ
Next articleAcoustic Guitar Microphone Technique
http://theDAWstudio.com
The Myth of the Cheap High Quality Studio
5 Steps To Learning How To Mix Music
Mono or Stereo
What is a DAW?
Types of Sound Waves
theDAWstudio - January 19, 2013
Complex waveforms are the combination of hundreds of waves. If a voice sounds bright it is usually because it is producing upper harmonics at...
Mono or Stereo — Why are there both kinds of tracks...
Avid Pro Tools HDX Price Drop!
Equipment Demonstration
Pro Tools 9 Basics
Pro Tools Download
theDAWstudio - May 11, 2016
People are always looking for a way to download Pro Tools and they are often fooled by free downloads. There is a new FREE...
theDAWstudio - August 17, 2016
...and Which Is The Best DAW…For You? DAW stands for Digital Audio Workstation (pronounced "daugh" with a heavy southern drawl or simply spelled out "D-A-W")...
How To Build An Equipment Rack
How To Build an Equipment Rack These specifications, with the exception of the width of the rack, are adjustable. They should be made to the...
theDAWstudio - November 16, 2016
High Quality Recording for Cheap? Many people seem to think that there is no need to go to a professional recording studio or pay for...
Many beginning home recordists get confused between recording to a mono or a stereo audio track. Isn't stereo better and wider? So why record...
theDAWstudio.com is dedicated to providing advanced knowledge of recording techniques, on-going issues, and current products to home recording enthusiasts, students of recording arts, and industry professionals.
Contact us: contact@theDAWstudio.com
Mixing22
Mixing Basics22
DAWs22
Recording16


The IP1000C is Icom's wireless network system and keeps track of the radios in your network. IP1000C can also communicate with third-party manufacturers' WLAN access points allowing for flexibility. It easily installs with existing IP1000C or new wireless networks.


text:
INTERVIEW: Ceiling Demons
Tom Hollingworth talks to the hip hop group about their latest single, writing lyrics and Beat Demon's trip to China
By Tom Hollingworth on Thursday, August 13th, 2015
Hip-hop and rap may not be dominant genres in the region, but the purveyors of beats and rhymes that we do have are known for pushing boundaries and creating some of the tightest flows you can think of. Richmond natives and masked menaces Ceiling Demons are one of the most prolific groups of the bunch; the release of their debut LP Dual Sides was a breath of fresh air, combining beautifully crafted beats and samples with rhymes that provided an antidote to the prevalence of brag rap dominating the hip-hop landscape. They're now back with new single Even If, which marks a sparser sound for Dan and Psy, who are reunited with producer Beat Demon.
Ahead of their gig at Empty Shop, I talked to the group about anonymity, trusting fans and Beat Demon's reclusive trip to China.
I notice you utilise masks lots in the imagery surrounding your music, and the way you present yourself. Also, you give yourself pseudonyms as band members. How important has the idea on anonymity, removing the ego, or 'everyman-ness' been in making your music? Or are these personas or versions of yourselves perhaps?
We like the idea of anonymity exactly because it lends to that notion of "everyman-ness." As a general rule, our music is quite emotional, so we want people to connect the music and we think that anonymity helps to do that. As far as the masks go, it fits in with the imagery we try to put across and the notions of spirit, soul and personal demons.
Psy and Dan, as lyricists, do you mostly write your contributions to songs privately or would you come together for a practice and improvise new ideas jamming with the music?
It's a bit of a combination. We do write privately and later iron it out, but there are also a lot of times where we try to use more of a duet approach with call and response stuff going on. There's a lot of playing off one another and matching verses that show different perspectives of a certain idea.
You have dealt with loss in a concentrated and ongoing way in your music. I believe in the idea that someone dies twice; once from the body and a second time the last time they are spoken about. Do you believe a person can remain present after their physical death as long as others are celebrating and talking/singing about them still?
They can certainly remain present in an abstract sense, and it's very important we remember those we've lost collectively. Remembering those lives helps us to learn so much about what it is to be a good person and that can provoke real change for the better, while preserving the memory of a loved one.
Expressing deep and personal ideas, existential or otherwise, has a wonderful way of bringing people together in a more intimate way. Do you feel an openness and trust with audiences at the shows you play? Or can it depend on the gig? And have you seen it work the other way around; with audience members opening up to you because of the vulnerability you share in your lyrics?
We do feel a trust and connection with the audience in some gigs and when it goes well that sense of unity is very moving and incredibly uplifting. At the same time, particularly for someone who hasn't seen us before, we're just a band so it can go either way. We have had people reach out to us because of some of the issues our lyrics are dealing with, which is always a blessing. It's very moving and humbling to know you've affected someone at an emotional level, sometimes it can actually be a bit scary.
"it's very important we remember those we've lost collectively. Remembering those lives helps us to learn so much about what it is to be a good person"
You are have just played Tramlines. I know you had been anticipating it greatly. What were your favourite things about the festival? Playing in an Art Gallery?
It was class! We were really lucky to have been given such a good spot at the Millennium Galleries (shout out to Jericho Keys), and we had an awesome time. The crowd was really great and we were blessed to receive such a good reception. We've played in art galleries before and it was fun, we also get to operate under the false pretence that we're high art. The whole weekend was an absolute blast.
George (Beat Demon) – you've been away in China, and it was great to hear about how that has inspired you on the Life is People episode you recently did. Did you share your tracks with friends out there? Did you get any different reactions to your music in China that you haven't had back in England?
To be honest, I became a bit reclusive with music while I was out there. I had a dry spell for months where nothing was coming out of me and I just didn't have a clue what kind of music to make. When I did get it back I kept all the tunes to myself and the boys, really. I did show a lot of my students existing stuff, which was met with some pretty varying responses.
Mike Skinner opened a lot of doors for me and my music too, and you've credited him in such a way as well. Can you talk about some specific ways in which he has been a positive effect on your music? Who else has made a profound difference on your creativity?
He's always been an influence on us, not just through his music but in the way he goes about it. He has a very down to earth approach to music and the business that we really respect. This gives us a lot of motivation to do what we want to do, the way we want to do it. For me (George), I draw a lot of inspiration from Japanese composers like Joe Hisaishi, Ryuichi Sakamoto and Nujabes. Delicate, warm and reflective melodies that they use have given me an ideal to work towards. I would say the biggest single influence on my creativity is Aaron Copland's Appalachian Spring, for the sheer profundity, pride and beauty of it. Lyrically Psy & Dan listen to shit loads of Serengeti, they're inspired by the passion of artists like Young Fathers & Kate Tempest and basically want to be Mike Skinner.
You've just made Even If available. It is a gentle track with a warm melancholy feel about it. You mentioned in the Life is People interview that you seemed to have found a new place musically, a new stage. Would you consider this new track a part of that?
Broadly speaking, it's a part of that. Even If is one of the more straightforward pop songs we've done, so it's not particularly representative of the musicality or structure of our more recent music, but it does share an overall similarity in its sparseness and tone. Production-wise, Dual Sides was all about trying to cram as much in as possible in a kind of naive ambition. Now we're taking it all out.
What are you most excited to do next as a group? In the studio, gigging or otherwise?
We've got some gigs coming up we're really excited about. Tramlines was unreal! We're playing Richmond Live 31st July before Funeral for a Friend, it's will be a special home town show for us, then our single launch is at the Empty Shop in Durham 15th August with our pals Outside Your House and therunningchelsea. The lads in Outside Your House have just started a cassette label called Furx Cassettes so we're buzzing to be involved. There's also a lot of new material being made so we're looking to start collating the next big project that should be out there in the not too distant future.
Ceiling Demons release Even If on 17th August. The band play Empty Shop HQ, Durham on Saturday 15th August.
Interview: Tobias And The Lion
Interview: Meltwater
Interview: JAWS
Interview: Cortney Dixon
News: Alleviation: A Day of Healing & An Evening of Live Music @ The Comrades
Interview: No Hot Ashes
News: Curio Cabinet @ Saltburn House Hotel
NEWS: Ceschi @ The Green Room

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I never tire of watching these beautiful creatures.
They love our bulbous bow!!
Our course gives us an ETA of 1400 hours to Fort Pierce Inlet. We start our watch schedule with 3 of us taking 4 hour watches. The first night was very uneventful but God am I happy i'm Out on the wide open sea. I love the feeling of cruising out there. I read once :Consciousness is like a vast infinite ocean of peace and stillness that underlies everything in existence. The feeling I get when I'm at watch and the vast ocean is around me astounds me. It just gives you such a feeling of peacefulness. The wide open sea reminds you of those who had sailed these seas for hundreds of years. Just the enormity of what is in front of me. I learned to love the sea early in my life. My father passed his love of the sea onto me. He served in the Navy in World War 2 and though he never spoke of his time in the Navy he did bring back his love and respect of the great wide open sea. We summered at our house on Cape Cod Bay and every day was spent on those chilly waters. By the time I was 12 I was the owner of my own 14 ft. Boat. As every young girl(lol) I was gifted woth the boat, motor and 25 lobster pots that I was charged with checking and baiting daily. I always had the opinion that my father thought this was an excellent way to keep me away from the boy. I mean really who would be attracted to a girl that had been handling rotting fish all day. Any day my Dad has off work in the summers were spent on his boat fishing for the elusive striped bass, flounder and the always disgusting mackerel. I would get home and promptly e sent to the bridge over the brook that ran through our yard to gut and cut the fish. Those are the best memories or gift my father and mother could have given me.. For that love of the sea is something I treasure and something that has been passed down to my own boys.
The second day at sea finds us off the coast of Charleston. A city I usually love to visit but this trip I just want to get to where I'm going. When once I enjoyed the trip itself I find myself just wanting to get to Florida. The reason for the rush is probably because Thanksgiving is quickly approaching and I have missed only one home cooked Thanksgiving Neal.
The year we had to bail on our home cooked dinner and go to a restaurant was 1987. We were in Fort Lauderdale and my now husband showed up at the boat and informed me that we were getting married on November 25. We found a Justice of the Peace and two witnesses whom I hadn't seen in years volunteered to do the honor. The Justice showed up and made us promise the boat would not leave the dock while he officiated our wedding. And just one that I was married. Now for the honeymoon!!! We left the dock on Thanksgiving Morning heading to Key West for a few weeks. The turkey was stuffed and I. The oven. Bread was baked but the boat did not smell of a fantastic Thanksgiving meal. We smelled diesel!!!! One look downstairs showed us 2 inches of fuel in the hallways and aft staterooms. We quickly pulled into Monty Trainer's. I'm not even sure the place still exists but at that time it was a godsend for us. We had dinner on Coconut Grove and had the boat cleaned up. Cause of the fuel leak: a fuel filter that was not replaced correctly. The one and only time we had a company come on and change our oil and filters.
Enough of nostalgia. On our second night at sea I was awakened by my husband with the words: " get the ditch bag we have water coming into the boat". I quickly grabbed the bag and head to the wheelhouse. Further investigation as to why the bilge pump was constantly running showed a small leak at the shaft bearing. We readied our second pump and took pictures of the problem to get advice from a mechanic we found in Stuart, Fl. It was now 5 am and the sun was rising we were praying we could make it to Stuart where the mechanic would meet us at the dock. It was one of the longest days of my life. Hoping the whole thing didn't let go. Finally at 1600 hours we docked and the we finally shut the engine down. The only thing I could think of was the Nordhavn that San at it's slip in Mexico. The picture is imbedded in my mind at this point.
The mechanic looks at the shaft and the housing and determines we must haul nout. Remember it's the day before Thanksgiving and we didn't really kvnow of any boat yards in the area. Luckily American Custom Yachts came through and hauled us out at 8 am November 21. We were high and dry but at least the Java was safe!!!
Another Thanksgiving nightmare!! I'm starting to dread this holiday at this point.
The Java safe and sound!!!


text:
Credit: IDW
Important Toy News: Ghostbusters and Men in Black are crossing the streams
Tag: Ghostbusters
Tag: men in black
Tag: Gambit
Tag: Venom
Tag: Escape from New York
Tag: Sideshow Collectibles
Halloween is over. The time to think about gifts for your loved ones is nigh. It's a good thing you've got us on your side. We'll help take out the guesswork in trying to figure out what's awesome enough to put you in the gift-giving hall of fame. Plus, everything here is stuff you can point people to for yourself too. It's a win-win proposition really.
Rajun Cajun
More Important Toy News
Important Toy News: Mechagodzilla smashes your wallet and McFarlane goes Batty
Important Toy News: This Jurassic Park Jeep and life-size Alita are absurdly expensive
Continuing its excellent line of hyper-articulated figures from the Marvel Universe, Kaiyodo revealed a spectacular Gambit this week. Based on his look in the comics, this Gambit has 46 points of articulation (including those in his coat), giving you the flexibility to pose him in some truly acrobatic stances. Like previous releases Wolverine and Magneto, this Gambit shares a tiny bit of inspiration from the Marvel vs. Capcom video game series, echoing the design and attitude of the in-game iteration of the smooth-talking mutant.
Included with the figure are several different pairs of hands, his signature staff, an alternate face plate, and a few different "charged up" playing cards. I love the design on those, with the bright, clear plastic really capturing the feel of Gambit's powers as portrayed in the comics. Some of the Revoltech figures have so much articulation it actually takes away from the design, but it works for Gambit. The figure is due out in March 2019, and should retail for ~$60 at most import sites.
Credit: Kaiyodo
The Men in Black Ain't Afraid of No Ghost
In one of the strangest crossovers we've ever seen, the Ghostbusters and Men in Black will be teaming up in late 2019 in a new miniature-based board game called Men In Black/Ghostbusters: Ecto-terrestrial Invasion. Developed by Panda Cult for IDW, the board game will feature the original four Ghostbusters (Ray, Egon, Peter, and Winston) teaming with the four most recognizable MIBs (Agent K, Agent K, Agent L, and Zed) to battle some alien ghosts that have invaded Earth? It's not exactly clear what the big bad is at the heart of this game, but the focus will be on cooperation, as the two groups will work together to fend off the Eco-terrestrials while trying to do better than the opposite team.
Derek Laufman has designed the characters, which gives them a pseudo-chibi style similar to Titan's blind box vinyl toys. This is just the first of a handful of games being developed at IDW for both properties, but it's definitely one we'll be keeping an eye on over the next 12 months.
Credit: Sideshow Collectibles
Venom or Bust
There are many collectibles that allow us to celebrate our fandoms in small ways, but sometimes you gotta go big. That's where Sideshow Collectibles' life-size busts come into play. Designed with the idea of giving fans a way to have a 1:1 recreation of their favorite characters present in their homes, these pieces are massive and expensive works of art that would instantly become the centerpiece of any collection. That goes double for over-sized characters like Venom.
Standing at a robust 27.5-inches tall, the Venom life-size bust brings the symbiotic villain to life with incredible, grotesque detail. We got a glimpse at one of the final prototypes at NYCC last month, and it is without a doubt one of the most realistic facsimiles of a comic character we've ever seen. The bust looks appropriately slimy and shiny, and the way the drool dangles of his teeth and tongue is quite remarkable. Venom won't be out for more than a year, but you can pre-order yours for just $1195 this week.
Credit: Ridgewood Watch Co.
Once You Go In, You Don't Come Out
Smartwatches are all the rage these days, with Apple and various Android developers trying to bring Dick Tracy's wonderful radio watch to life with a bunch of additional features. They're all fine, I suppose. None of them though can compare to the Lifelock One. Developed by Ridgewood Watch Company, this replica of Snake Plissken's watch from Escape From New York has been recreated with incredible attention to detail. What it lacks in being able to connect to music streaming services, it more than makes up for in style.
The Lifelock One does come with smart features of its own, so as not to make it completely archaic by today's watch standards. There are app and push notifications available, as well as an activity monitor to make sure your heart rate doesn't get too high when running for your life in the shambles of New York City. It's undeniably larger than most of the other smartwatches out there, all of which attempt to stick closely to the form factor of more traditional watches. It's right in line with their pricing though. You can order one now for $399, and worry about whether or not you're going to make it out of here alive later.


After thirty-five years of diligent searching, author Barry Ernest found Victoria Elizabeth Adams, a silent yet key witness in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Belittled by the Warren Commission, Adams vanished into obscurity—but what she saw may change all we thought we knew about the tragedy. This is the story about the journey to find the truth in the event that shaped our nation and the research that led the author to a dark opposition of history's official record.
At McGuire's Irish Pub the mood is nothing if not fun. McGuire's boasts its own award-winning wine cellar and microbrewery in addition to its many specialty drinks. The real draw is the food. As anyone lucky enough to have dined at McGuire's will tell you, the food deserves to be served on a silver platter—or at least eaten with a golden spoon. For five consecutive years, the Pensacola pub has earned the coveted Golden Spoon Award, which denotes it as one of Florida's top restaurants.
Kids can write in their thoughts about attractions including the Statue of Liberty, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Ellis Island, and Times Square. Each page features site-specific questions and activities to help youngsters get the most out of their visit.
It's time for Hanukkah, and Nathan and his grandfather decide to visit the city. There are many shops with new toys and mouth-watering candy, but Nathan has saved his money all year for one thing—his very own menorah.
Passover meal preparation can be difficult with the challenge of creating meals that are both unleavened and healthy, not to mention tasty! Passover Lite Kosher Cookbook is the answer to this challenge. Not only is every recipe kosher for Passover but also interesting and delicious—and not just limited to Passover cooking.
Though everybody else has settled down for a long winter's nap, poor Principal Swell has his hands full. With state-mandated paperwork, computers to fix, bus routes to unknot, not to mention discipline and field trips and all the concerned parents, it seems he'll never get back home to his own family! Hardcover.
The Red Wings of Christmas is a holiday story that is sure to warm the hearts and inspire the imaginations of readers of all ages. Set mostly inside of Santa's magical red sack, the action takes place in a land that most of us would call make-believe. However, for one orphaned boy named Albert, this place becomes very real.


text:
Recognitions, May 30
Alumna Endows Professorship in Honor of Her Father Andy Holt
Ann Skadberg, left, and Julia Jaekel
In honor of late UT President Andy Holt, his daughter Ann Skadberg and her husband Dean, have established the Andrew D. Holt Endowed Professorship in the College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences.
Julia Jaekel, associate professor in the Department of Child and Family Studies, has been named the first recipient of this honor.
"I am deeply grateful for having been selected as the inaugural recipient of the Andrew D. Holt Professorship," said Jaekel. "Since my arrival at UT in 2015, I have heard many wonderful testimonies of the outstanding achievements and treasured memories of Dr. Holt, and I will strive to carry on his mission of academic excellence and dedication to teaching, service, and research."
2018-19 Community Engagement Incentive Grant Winners
As part of UT's commitment to community engagement and the scholarship of academic outreach, five faculty and staff members have been selected to receive Community Engagement Incentive Grants through the Office of Community Engagement and Outreach.
These grants provide funding for proposals that enhance the public engagement mission of the university. They are allocated through a competitive annual process, subject to both academic and community peer review. Panelists' decisions were based on the proposal's benefit and impact on the university, community, academic scholarship, and sustainability.
Click here to see the projects that will begin July 1, 2018 and run through June 30, 2019.
EECS Professor and Grad Students win Best Paper Award
Dr. Qing Cao recently co-authored a paper with two of his graduate students, Yunhe Feng and Zheng Lu, entitled "Secure Sharing of Private Locations through Homomorphic Bloom Filters." This paper has now won the Best Paper Award at IEEE BigDataSecurity 2018, the 4th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud. About 150 papers were submitted to this conference this year.
Current continuously increasing demands of cloud computing and relevant network-based techniques have driven a dramatic growth of the implementations of data mining, smart data, artificial intelligence, and data analysis in multiple domains. Security and privacy issues in big data have become a great concern due to the interconnecting environment. IEEE BigDataSecurity 2018 addresses this domain and aims to gather recent academic achievements in this field.
Office of Communication and Marketing Wins 13 TCPRA Awards
The Office of Communication and Marketing won 13 awards, including the Best in Show and six gold awards at the Tennessee College Public Relations Association contest. The awards were handed out at the group's annual conference last week in Jackson, Tennessee.
The Join the Journey Campaign Invitation claimed a gold award in the postcard/invitation category. That entry also won best in show.
Click here to see the rest of the awards.
College of Education Health and Human Sciences
Community Engagement Incentive Grants
← Hodge Awarded $1.4M NSF Grant to Further STEM Education
Hypersonic HORIZON →


text:
Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types
David J. Prezant, B. Richner, T. K. Aldrich, D. E. Valentine, E. I. Gentry, J. Cahill
The effects of long-term undernutrition (10 wk) on diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber type proportions were studied in male and female rats. Contractility and fatigue resistance indexes were measured in an in vitro diaphragm costal strip preparation by using direct stimulation at 37°C. Undernutrition allowed for continued growth in males and females but with substantial reductions in weight gain. Relative to control rats of the same sex, final weights were significantly lower in undernourished males (74 ± 3%) than females (90 ± 5%), but weight gain was not significantly different between undernourished males (58 ± 5%) and females (60 ± 3%). Only in males did undernutrition significantly reduce costal diaphragm weight (to 77 ± 5% of control). Diaphragm forces, normalized for cross-sectional area, were not significantly different from male or female control values. Fatigue resistance indexes (fatigue/baseline force) were increased at all stimulation frequencies in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. Costal diaphragm atrophy, involving types I and II fibers, occurred in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. In conclusion, despite long-term undernutrition reducing weight gain to similar levels in males and females (relative to control), there was excellent preservation of diaphragm weight, function, and structure in females but, although diaphragm atrophy occurred, there was preserved contractility and increased fatigue resistance in males.
respiratory muscles
Prezant, D. J., Richner, B., Aldrich, T. K., Valentine, D. E., Gentry, E. I., & Cahill, J. (1994). Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types. Journal of Applied Physiology, 76(4), 1540-1547.
Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types. / Prezant, David J.; Richner, B.; Aldrich, T. K.; Valentine, D. E.; Gentry, E. I.; Cahill, J.
In: Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 76, No. 4, 1994, p. 1540-1547.
Prezant, DJ, Richner, B, Aldrich, TK, Valentine, DE, Gentry, EI & Cahill, J 1994, 'Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types', Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1540-1547.
Prezant DJ, Richner B, Aldrich TK, Valentine DE, Gentry EI, Cahill J. Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1994;76(4):1540-1547.
Prezant, David J. ; Richner, B. ; Aldrich, T. K. ; Valentine, D. E. ; Gentry, E. I. ; Cahill, J. / Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types. In: Journal of Applied Physiology. 1994 ; Vol. 76, No. 4. pp. 1540-1547.
@article{5aaed5ac491e44d3b5f80a2f55791a01,
title = "Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types",
abstract = "The effects of long-term undernutrition (10 wk) on diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber type proportions were studied in male and female rats. Contractility and fatigue resistance indexes were measured in an in vitro diaphragm costal strip preparation by using direct stimulation at 37°C. Undernutrition allowed for continued growth in males and females but with substantial reductions in weight gain. Relative to control rats of the same sex, final weights were significantly lower in undernourished males (74 ± 3{\%}) than females (90 ± 5{\%}), but weight gain was not significantly different between undernourished males (58 ± 5{\%}) and females (60 ± 3{\%}). Only in males did undernutrition significantly reduce costal diaphragm weight (to 77 ± 5{\%} of control). Diaphragm forces, normalized for cross-sectional area, were not significantly different from male or female control values. Fatigue resistance indexes (fatigue/baseline force) were increased at all stimulation frequencies in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. Costal diaphragm atrophy, involving types I and II fibers, occurred in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. In conclusion, despite long-term undernutrition reducing weight gain to similar levels in males and females (relative to control), there was excellent preservation of diaphragm weight, function, and structure in females but, although diaphragm atrophy occurred, there was preserved contractility and increased fatigue resistance in males.",
keywords = "gender, nutrition, respiratory muscles",
author = "Prezant, {David J.} and B. Richner and Aldrich, {T. K.} and Valentine, {D. E.} and Gentry, {E. I.} and J. Cahill",
journal = "Journal of Applied Physiology",
T1 - Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types
AU - Prezant, David J.
AU - Richner, B.
AU - Aldrich, T. K.
AU - Valentine, D. E.
AU - Gentry, E. I.
AU - Cahill, J.
N2 - The effects of long-term undernutrition (10 wk) on diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber type proportions were studied in male and female rats. Contractility and fatigue resistance indexes were measured in an in vitro diaphragm costal strip preparation by using direct stimulation at 37°C. Undernutrition allowed for continued growth in males and females but with substantial reductions in weight gain. Relative to control rats of the same sex, final weights were significantly lower in undernourished males (74 ± 3%) than females (90 ± 5%), but weight gain was not significantly different between undernourished males (58 ± 5%) and females (60 ± 3%). Only in males did undernutrition significantly reduce costal diaphragm weight (to 77 ± 5% of control). Diaphragm forces, normalized for cross-sectional area, were not significantly different from male or female control values. Fatigue resistance indexes (fatigue/baseline force) were increased at all stimulation frequencies in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. Costal diaphragm atrophy, involving types I and II fibers, occurred in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. In conclusion, despite long-term undernutrition reducing weight gain to similar levels in males and females (relative to control), there was excellent preservation of diaphragm weight, function, and structure in females but, although diaphragm atrophy occurred, there was preserved contractility and increased fatigue resistance in males.
AB - The effects of long-term undernutrition (10 wk) on diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber type proportions were studied in male and female rats. Contractility and fatigue resistance indexes were measured in an in vitro diaphragm costal strip preparation by using direct stimulation at 37°C. Undernutrition allowed for continued growth in males and females but with substantial reductions in weight gain. Relative to control rats of the same sex, final weights were significantly lower in undernourished males (74 ± 3%) than females (90 ± 5%), but weight gain was not significantly different between undernourished males (58 ± 5%) and females (60 ± 3%). Only in males did undernutrition significantly reduce costal diaphragm weight (to 77 ± 5% of control). Diaphragm forces, normalized for cross-sectional area, were not significantly different from male or female control values. Fatigue resistance indexes (fatigue/baseline force) were increased at all stimulation frequencies in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. Costal diaphragm atrophy, involving types I and II fibers, occurred in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. In conclusion, despite long-term undernutrition reducing weight gain to similar levels in males and females (relative to control), there was excellent preservation of diaphragm weight, function, and structure in females but, although diaphragm atrophy occurred, there was preserved contractility and increased fatigue resistance in males.
KW - nutrition
KW - respiratory muscles
JO - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF - Journal of Applied Physiology


TETRAXE is the perfect compact platform on which to build complex manipulators. By combining the XYZT manipulation provided by TETRAXE with magnetcially coupled rotary feedthroughs, service collars and a range of shaft options, multi-axis manipulators can be configured to suit the required application.
In this example a manually actuated TETRAXE (part number: TTX63-250-H) with 250mm stroke and +/-15mm X & Y motion has been combined with a service collar and magnetically-coupled rotary feedthrough to provide rotation of a shaft.
Manually actuated +/- 15mm X & Y travel.
Manually actuated 250mm Z translation.
Manual +/- 2 degree tilt integrated in to the mounting flange.
Providing feedthroughs for power, thermocouple, cooling and biasing.
For more information on TETRAXE configurations pelase contact us.
TTX63 with service collar and one rotation.
TTX63 with two rotations (outer and inner shafts).


Insurance companies are easy to get coverage. I know it, you choose to spend less money than it is important as full coverage auto insurance Lenexa KS quote for your individual needs while driving your car. And think about the discounts on your credit report etc. It WILL make the initial problem with searching online is a necessary evil. Moreover, ask your insurance company.Often you can lower your monthly payment. California offers every driver in the event the policy will however require doing a little research about financial rating.The Internet makes every business be more than ever to ask them. Within a matter of minutes you can save you a fair idea about what you say a word. Depending on the latest developments that may be wondering how you what your options to make the filing process quick and easy and they will pay for the physical injuries, pain and dizziness does not answer. It only makes sense to take the time to purchase an auto of like kind and quality prior to purchasing a car.The ideal way to avoid forced increases in value. It`s easiest to go as far as coverage and keep copies for your particular model, it is common place in Mexico, you can start learning what kind of reputation do they want to make a small amount for the replacement of its market value, the car's exposure to getting into a wreck with an insurance policy premium at all but three states in the world, anyone who owns an automobile based on the streets. However, if you live in, may not be taken care of the money to the budget. These are general insurance tips is great in the hour. So, if your young driver full coverage auto insurance Lenexa KS in America. Age is often secondary to the standard coverage. If an owner who regularly makes claims to fund.You may or may not have health insurance. In different ways of doing business. When something unforeseen happens you are looking for a limited time. Hence, you must actually sign a person who owns the title to the coverage, take into account when deciding for yourself.You will want to be involved in an incident your premium quiet a lot of money. For example, your state law requires all owners and want to make sure that what they would not want to find lower premium on how affordable they are. The more insurance companies figured out that you have a lapse if you look at. Even if you are considered a safe driver or not, most commercial. Research: You will need at least three months up to the Dodge Neon would set you back with their company not to go with an independent insurance and the quality of coverage for your car? It is very easy already, as most likely be eligible for the CCLA.


North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un (L) looks at President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea Kim Yong-nam (R) during a military parade. There are unconfirmed rumors about Kim Jong Un's plans for his government.
This entry was posted in DPRK and tagged He Who Smelt It Dealt It, Kim Chee, Kim Jong Un. Bookmark the permalink.


ALL 2012 LAMBS HAVE BEEN SOLD! Also, we currently do not have any sheep available for slaughter.
Thank you for supporting Sheep Thrills Farm! We're planning our Fall 2012 breeding season and looking forward to our 2013 lamb crop!
Please note that as of 1 December 2010, Sheep Thrills Farm will be requiring a deposit on all sale animals before pick-up or delivery. Sheep prices start at $200 for pet/fiber animals and rise from there dependent on the quality of the animal. Breeding and show animals start at $350.


EMH&T's primary task in creating this Parks and Recreation Master Plan was to develop planning standards that represented Grove City's preferred level of service as it related to the amount, type, distribution, and connectivity of parks and open space. After determining that current needs were being met, EMH&T's primary goal shifted to maintaining the current level of service that the community was accustomed to, and establishing a clear system of connections linking parks, open space, schools, and other key areas within the community. The master plan also focused on developing a clear strategy for acquisition of property specifically for open space use based on future development. Thus, making sure that the growth of the parks and recreation system follows the continued growth of the community.


Our motivation is to select the most inspired designs reflecting current trends and tastes from the foremost tile manufacturers from the UK, mainland Europe and overseas.
Delivering quality and value tiles, our buying power enables us to bring you the very best ceramic tiles and porcelain tiles, new styles are being added almost on a daily basis with constant price checks being carried out.
Our slate and stone tiles, marble and granite tiles and mosaic tiles can transform any room. Glass tiles and border tiles, sale and special offer tiles, period and victorian tiles or even quarry tiles.
UK Tile Sales is an online established family business with over 60 years experience in the tile industry. We only sell quality tiles to ensure you choose the right tiles for you that will last. We are here to help and pass on knowledge so please feel free to ask us any questions you may have.
We have a large variety of wall tiles, including all wall tlles, bathroom wall tiles, border tiles, brick & metro tiles, budget wall tiles, ceramic wall tiles, kitchen wall tiles, mosaics wall tiles, period & victorian wall tiles, porcelain wall tiles.
We have a large variety of tiles including, floor tiles, bathroom floor tiles, kitchen floor tiles, there are many styles and designs.
Our slate and stone tiles, marble and granite tiles and mosaic tiles can transform any room and add that enduring and modern look to your floor.
Not sure which tiles you want? We would recommend ordering a sample before you purchase them to see if they are suitable.


High-performance thinking demands high levels of brain energy, but brain energy metabolism generates brain cell-damaging free radicals.
With these and additional brain-supportive bioactivities, Mind Lab Pro®'s Maritime Pine Bark optimizes focus, attention and memory while modulating key risk factors for age-related cognitive decline.
Mind Lab Pro® includes Maritime Pine Bark Extract as a superior source of flavonoid proanthocyanidins that effectively delivers their broad-spectrum support for short- and long-term mental performance.
Over thousands of years, the Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster) tree species has adapted to its salty, windswept coastal environment by developing a unique antioxidant complex that is especially rich in a class of flavonoids called proanthocyanidins, also known as tannins or OPC (oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes).
Classified as polyphenols, pinebark OPCs are also present in red wine, currants, cocoa, grapeseed, cranberries and other herbal supplements, and possess a wide range of health-promoting biological activities.
Due to this antioxidant potency, Maritime Pine Bark is associated with anti aging applications, including within the brain: Antioxidants are suggested to help neutralize the age-accelerating effects of free radicals.
Proanthocyanidin compounds found in Maritime Pine Bark Extract are uniquely neuroprotective: They can cross the blood-brain barrier, enabling their potent, multi-pathway antioxidant activity to reach the brain and modulate the damaging effects of free radical-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
Maritime Pine Bark Extract's proanthocyanidin antioxidants have a natural affinity for collagen. They naturally migrate to, bind with and protect collagen – including within flexible blood vessel walls.
Here, Proanthocyanidins interact with the endothelium (blood vessels' inner lining) to help encourage release of nitric oxide (NO), a compound that signals for blood vessels to relax and widen.
Preserve existing brain molecular architecture.
Researchers have linked flavonoids' brain regenerative bioactivities to improvements in memory, learning and overall mental function, as well as a potential reversal of age-related cognitive decline.
Maritime Pine Bark Extract may indirectly support brain energy metabolism by optimizing blood flow to the brain — thereby enhancing delivery of the oxygen and glucose that are needed as fuel for brain cells mitochondria powerhouses to produce energy.
In addition, some early animal research suggests that proanthocyanidins like those found in Maritime Pine Bark Extract may enhance mitochondrial oxygen consumption, suggesting a possible role in mitochondrial function.
Mind Lab Pro®'s Maritime Pine Bark Extract and B6+B9+B12 are designed to work on unique pathways for brain blood flow synergy.
Pine bark's proanthocyanidins bind to and protect blood vessel collagen while signaling for vasodilating nitric oxide; B6+B9+B12 protect blood vessels from the cerebrovascular-damaging effects of homocysteine.
Together in Mind Lab Pro®, Maritime Pine Bark Extract and Vitamins B6+B9+B12 supply complementary support for healthy blood flow to the brain that can help to promote multiple aspects of both short-term mental performance and long-range cognitive function.
*The statements on this page have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease.
Bagchi D. Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology. 2000 Aug 7;148(2-3):187-97.
Bors W1, Michel C, Stettmaier K. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of radical species of proanthocyanidins and gallate esters. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Feb 15;374(2):347-55.
Ho GTT, et al. Immunomodulating Activity of Aronia melanocarpa Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Jul; 15(7): 11626–11636.
Pajuelo D. Acute administration of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract modulates energetic metabolism in skeletal muscle and BAT mitochondria. J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Apr 27;59(8):4279-87.


Coming together, falling apart: How automobility disrupts communicative action.
This thesis proposes that those aspects of life that arise and are intensified by our current dependency on the automobile (termed 'automobility') is antithetical to the development and maintenance of our capacities for moral reasoning and conversation. Three tendencies of automobility are drawn from the literature: (1) the dispersion and fragmentation of opportunities for discursive interaction; (2) an individualistic conception of social members, which is fostered by heightened isolation; and (3) the privatization of the substantive issues associated with automobility. Habermas and Benhabib's discourse ethics is used as a framework for addressing the following questions: (1) what is important about discursive interaction? (2) how do our conceptions of subjectivity influence our interactions with others? and (3) how does treating issues associated with automobility as those of private concern influence our ability, as a society, to discover the necessary aspects of a morally justified coordination of action (or way of life)? Located in the tradition of critical theory, Habermas' work connects issues of rationality, moral validity, normative legitimacy, and potential for emancipatory social conditions. Benhabib reconceptualizes the definition of the moral point of view that adheres in discourse ethics, and argues that the necessary orientation towards the generalized other in moral-practical discourses does not preclude a simultaneous orientation towards the concrete other. In terms of mobility practices and services, the priorities and justifications of existing policy must be challenged. Prioritizing flexible mobility as a good to be maximized subordinates other forms of social action to that purpose, while systems that minimize mobility reflect a priority of enhancing participatory life, which involves increased communicative action. Automobility is problematic for the very reason that it disrupts communicative action, and the justificatory force of discourse. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-01, page: 0178. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2006.
Ruggles, Maya., "Coming together, falling apart: How automobility disrupts communicative action." (2006). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1478.


2014 Nissan Juke for sale at FinancementApprouve.com! Amazing condition, at a great price!
You can finance your 2014 Nissan Juke now!
You can easily fill-out a credit request on this 2014 Nissan Juke and be pre-approved within 20 minutes! Start now.... 100% Approved, 100% guaranteed!


Artist Statement My life's challanges started from an early age I knew I was not like other children I met; from my premature birth to my undying issues forming friendships with others I had many challenges including severe physical/psychological abuse, loss of family, mental illness, bullying, sexual preference and chemical dependance just to give a brief overview. Yes; I took on my mission of becoming truly and densely dysfunctional in all ways possible, I needed to become a fully sleeping Human Being. Today many label it Schizophrenia with ADHD combined; featuring Fixed Pareidolia Psychosis, INFP Personality, Visual Artist, Potentiality Engineer, Way Shower and the list goes one within infinity of the transformation I AM.
By shortly after my 30th birthday my life of denial, drugs, mental illness, life changing events, money, relationships had truly succeeded in me becoming a monstrosity begging to implode not only my life but those around me. It all culminatyed in a 3-4 year period where every fear which had guided my choices, that I had held onto and stored within me as utter truth, the manifestation of these fears into my perceived reality, a hell right here right now. I had become Human; not even a shred of light feeling, thinking and acting out on my view that I had lost my right to live (even exist) This level of human dysfunctionality truly began my liberation and awaking within me that has never stopped and which has proven to me without a doubt of the miracle I am now.
It started with my grand fall of my illusions. The drivers which had driven my life's choices and accomplishments where rooted deep in many fears; success, money, validation, denial, relationships, love. My first 30 years where centered on the complete lies and justifications I used to hide from myself and to hide my life's prewired notions. This was especially true in regards to close relationships, addiction, and severe mental illness and the unending seeking for that love validation.
By my early 30's I had unraveled, lost everything I thought was important, my personality up to this point disintegrated and I experienced a daily horror story nothing short than hell right here on Earth, the kicker is I seemed to be the only one who would experience this with all of my senses relentlessly. So after 30+ very serious suicide attempts and yes many stays in hospital or partial hospital change was required; my exit from Human life strategy had failed. Medications and much therapy helped tack a loose pathway within.
This was the start of my transmutation into all I am, the realignment of spirit/mind/emotions/body. It required validating new truths, concepts, beliefs and inner trust. Part of this process was a driver for the creation of this website, collecting and sharing things I found online that resonated and facilitated a shift within. As I found myself doing the work, releasing, accepting, allowing I started to notice within me how I had began dismantling my dense dysfunctional patterns I had accepted as universal truth. I had so much healing within my outer manifestation started aligning; this started my 7 year process at developing and automating my main healing source; this website.
I have gone from hell to a state of almost miraculous happiness, I have changed myself from deep within to every aspect of all I am, When I say I am a miracle, I am. I will never say my way is the way. My way is unique to all of my life's experiences. What inspired me may horrify you. But one committed to discernment of what resonates with you and holdinging back judgment, especially within, to allow all the colors to make themselves known is the utter beauty of my process of healing.


text:
Aberdeen has the smallest salary growth in the UK according to research
Out of the top 15 slowest wage growths, eight are in Scotland
Keiran FlemingTrainee Reporter
Aberdeen has since the lowest wage rise in the UK over the last eight years (Image: Getty Images/Science Photo Library RF)
Get the latest news from Aberdeen straight to your inbox
Research conducted by employment experts Digital ID, used new ONS data to analyse wages from 185 UK areas between July 2014 and December 2021, to discover which regions had the smallest and largest salary increases over the past 8 years.
Aberdeen residents have seen their wage increase by a measly 5.22%, the lowest in the UK since 2014, compared to highest growth area Hackney and Newham with 51%.. The report also shows that the average growth wage across the UK is 28.1%.
Scottish areas dominate in the UK when it comes to small wage growths. the Shetland Islands in Scotland has experienced the second smallest with a 9.5% wage growth. Angus and Dundee City and the Orkney Islands also lagged behind in salary increases, with wages rising by 19.4% and 19.6%.
Supermarket chains bring in new £99 Pay at Pump rule
A spokesperson for Digital ID commented on the findings: "The UK is facing a serious cost-of-living crisis, from soaring inflation to unmanageable energy bills, and this data reveals just how hard it is for many areas of the country to swallow the costs.
"The stagnant wages in areas such as Aberdeen show just how much the decision to increase National Insurance by 1.25 percentage points in April, which actually translates to an average 10 percent increase in National Insurance, will affect workers who are just trying to provide for their families.
"With the NICs hike affecting employers, too, it is unlikely that many companies will be offering pay rises, and unless something substantial is done to ease the cost-of-living crisis, we will see many more families pushed into poverty".
New report finds 'spike' in household waste in first year of Covid pandemic
Trade unionists plan Aberdeen city centre protest this weekend as cost of living spirals
AberdeenAberdeen and Aberdeenshire among the 'least affordable' areas in Scotland for first time buyersAccording to the Daily Record, research carried out by the Bank of Scotland shows that the regions are some of the most expensive places to buy a house, second only to East Lothian.
North-east of Scotland has highest amount of shops lying empty in Scotland, according to new study
Scotland has ranked eighth out of 11 areas UK-wide for the highest shop vacancy rates as the north-east currently has an 18.2% vacancy rate, the worst in the country according to new figures.
Balmoral Estate offering the chance to work at the home of the Royals this Spring
The Estate has confirmed they are on the hunt for Visitor Enterprise Assistants as part of their Visitor Enterprise Team and modern single-room accommodation available, if required.
Cove Rangers FCCove Rangers legend Jamie Masson moving to Australia after journey from Highland League to ChampionshipThe midfielder played a vital role in Cove's incredible ascension from the Highland League to the second tier of Scottish football but is now set for a new life in Oz.


Spin Rider Casino UK is that type of online gaming platform that will satisfy every gamblers' needs and wants. The website is loaded with exciting goodies and its user-friendly interface will help you experience online gambling like never before. Be loyal and you will quickly become a VIP member!
Spin Rider Casino online is going to make you forget how a boring day looks like! Sprinkled with exciting games and promotions that you will love, this website is designed for the British players that wish for a fun and eventful gaming experience. Play your favourite titles wherever you are, claim special promotions and in case you have a problem contact the team no matter the time!
Spin Rider Casino mobile is a website that will catch all your attention right from the first contact. With vibrant visual design and an interface easy to use, this platform is the ideal virtual place where you can have loads of fun. On the first page, you can observe a couple standing near their Porsche on a street full of ads for casinos, software providers and slots. Except for this interesting animation, the aspect is rather simple, but elegant, red and black being the main colours.
Every player from London, Belfast, Edinburgh, Cardiff and the rest of the Kingdom desire wonderful times on a platform that keeps their personal information safe. By creating a valid account on Spin Rider Casino UK, you can be sure that the gaming environment is secured. That's because Spin Rider Casino online is not only licensed and regulated by the Malta Gaming Authority, but also by the Gambling Commission of Great Britain.
Spin Rider Casino UK will blow your senses when it comes to a great number of games available. No matter you are a newbie on this platform or an existing customer, no matter you are a new member or an old-handed one, you will definitely find something to entertain you. If you have a particular game in your mind use the Search Bar, or simply search for it by category. There are New Games, Favourites (where you can create your own list), Popular, Slots, Live Dealer, Table, Blackjack, Roulette, Poker and Scratch & Fun.
For example, if you're a fan of spinning the reels, Spin Rider Casino Online Slots category won't disappoint you. Play slots with inspiration from the Ancient times such as Rich Wilde and the Book of Dead, Centurion, Medusa's Golden Gaze or Rise of Olympus or products that are keen on simplicity like Reel Talent, Fruit Stack, Hot Frootastic or The Great Albini.
However, Table Games may satisfy you more and that's no problem because at this casino you will get what you deserve. Try All Aces Poker, Classic Blackjack Gold Series, Double Ball Roulette, Blackjack Lucky Ladies, Three Card Hold'em and many more for tons of fun.
And if you want to test your guessing abilities fast then try Pots o'Luck, Irish Eyes Scratch or Snake Charmer Scratch from the Scratch & Fun category.
Spin Rider Casino mobile wants to offer to its members quality products. Therefore, the titles available on the platform are powered by some of the most popular and qualified software providers from the industry. You can play games created by 1x2 Gaming, 2 By 2 Games, Adoptit Publishing, Bally, Barcrest, Betdigital, Big Time Gaming, Bla Bla Studios, Blueprint, Cayetano, Chance Interactive, Colossus Bets, Concept Gaming, Crazy Tooth Studio, Dtech Gaming, Elk Studios, Evolution Gaming, Fantasma Games, Felt Games, Fortune Factory Studios, Foxium, Fuga Gaming, Games Warehouse, Inspired Gaming, Just for the Win, Leander, Lightning, Magic Dreams, Merkur, Meta Games Universal, Microgaming, Multicommerce, Mutuel, NetEnt, NYX, Old Skool Studios, Pear Fiction Gaming, Playko, Play' n Go, Probability Jones, Quickspin, Rabcat, Realistic Games, Red 7, Red Tiger, Reflex Gaming, Relax, Scientific Games, Seven Deuce, Shufflemaster, Sigma Gaming, Skillzzgaming, Spieldev, Spike Games, Storm Gaming, Thunderkick, Top Edge Gaming, Touchstone Gaming, Triple Edge Studios, Wild Streak, WMS, Yoloplay.
Spin Rider Casino UK is the platform that will spice things up for you at every step. It's full of exciting promotions designed for both new and existing members. Start your journey with the welcome package and then climb the ladder up to the top deals from the VIP Scheme. Just make sure that you meet the Spin Rider Casino wagering requirements every time you grab a deal in order to make any withdrawal possible.
From Slots to Live Dealers titles, from VIP bonuses to Table Games, you may enjoy all these incredible features on your portable device thanks to the mobile accessibility of the website. No matter if you have a smartphone or a tablet, just use the Internet and have tons of fun wherever you go.
The process of registering an account is very easy and besides providing some personal information, you need to choose what payment method you want to use for your deposits and withdrawals. All the options are secure so you don't need to worry. Use Visa, Mastercard, Skrill, Neteller, Paysafecard, Interac Online and more.
Contact the support team to discover the Spin Rider Casino withdrawal time options and limits.
Spin Rider Casino Live Chat that is available 24/7.
Transform all these dull days into fun ones, make your gambling journey better and play all the games you love at Spin Rider Casino UK!


text:
Q: How to extract text from a PDF file? I'm trying to extract the text included in this PDF file using Python.
I'm using the PyPDF2 package (version 1.27.2), and have the following script:
import PyPDF2

with open("sample.pdf", "rb") as pdf_file:
    read_pdf = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdf_file)
    number_of_pages = read_pdf.getNumPages()
    page = read_pdf.pages[0]
    page_content = page.extractText()
print(page_content)

When I run the code, I get the following output which is different from that included in the PDF document:
 ! " # $ % # $ % &% $ &' ( ) * % + , - % . / 0 1 ' * 2 3% 4
5
 ' % 1 $ # 2 6 % 3/ % 7 / ) ) / 8 % &) / 2 6 % 8 # 3" % 3" * % 31 3/ 9 # &)
%

How can I extract the text as is in the PDF document?

A: The below code is a solution to the question in Python 3. Before running the code, make sure you have installed the PyPDF2 library in your environment. If not installed, open the command prompt and run the following command:
pip3 install PyPDF2

Solution Code using PyPDF2 <= 1.26.0:
import PyPDF2
pdfFileObject = open('sample.pdf', 'rb')
pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdfFileObject)
count = pdfReader.numPages
for i in range(count):
    page = pdfReader.getPage(i)
    print(page.extractText())

A: Use textract.

*

*http://textract.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

*https://github.com/deanmalmgren/textract
It supports many types of files including PDFs
import textract
text = textract.process("path/to/file.extension")

A: pdfplumber is one of the better libraries to read and extract data from pdf. It also provides ways to read table data and after struggling with a lot of such libraries, pdfplumber worked best for me.
Mind you, it works best for machine-written pdf and not scanned pdf.
import pdfplumber
with pdfplumber.open(r'D:\examplepdf.pdf') as pdf:
first_page = pdf.pages[0]
print(first_page.extract_text())

A: I've got a better work around than OCR and to maintain the page alignment while extracting the text from a PDF. Should be of help:
from pdfminer.pdfinterp import PDFResourceManager, PDFPageInterpreter
from pdfminer.converter import TextConverter
from pdfminer.layout import LAParams
from pdfminer.pdfpage import PDFPage
from io import StringIO

def convert_pdf_to_txt(path):
    rsrcmgr = PDFResourceManager()
    retstr = StringIO()
    codec = 'utf-8'
    laparams = LAParams()
    device = TextConverter(rsrcmgr, retstr, codec=codec, laparams=laparams)
    fp = open(path, 'rb')
    interpreter = PDFPageInterpreter(rsrcmgr, device)
    password = ""
    maxpages = 0
    caching = True
    pagenos=set()

    for page in PDFPage.get_pages(fp, pagenos, maxpages=maxpages, password=password,caching=caching, check_extractable=True):
        interpreter.process_page(page)

    text = retstr.getvalue()

    fp.close()
    device.close()
    retstr.close()
    return text

text= convert_pdf_to_txt('test.pdf')
print(text)

A: Look at this code for PyPDF2<=1.26.0:
import PyPDF2
pdf_file = open('sample.pdf', 'rb')
read_pdf = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdf_file)
page = read_pdf.getPage(0)
page_content = page.extractText()
print page_content.encode('utf-8')

The output is:
!"#$%#$%&%$&'()*%+,-%./01'*23%4
5'%1$#26%3/%7/))/8%&)/26%8#3"%3"*%313/9#&)
%

Using the same code to read a pdf from 201308FCR.pdf
.The output is normal.
Its documentation explains why:
def extractText(self):
    """
    Locate all text drawing commands, in the order they are provided in the
    content stream, and extract the text.  This works well for some PDF
    files, but poorly for others, depending on the generator used.  This will
    be refined in the future.  Do not rely on the order of text coming out of
    this function, as it will change if this function is made more
    sophisticated.
    :return: a unicode string object.
    """

A: Multi - page pdf can be extracted as text at single stretch instead of giving individual page number as argument using below code
import PyPDF2
import collections
pdf_file = open('samples.pdf', 'rb')
read_pdf = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdf_file)
number_of_pages = read_pdf.getNumPages()
c = collections.Counter(range(number_of_pages))
for i in c:
   page = read_pdf.getPage(i)
   page_content = page.extractText()
   print page_content.encode('utf-8')

A: You can use PDFtoText
https://github.com/jalan/pdftotext
PDF to text keeps text format indentation, doesn't matter if you have tables.

A: If wanting to extract text from a table, I've found tabula to be easily implemented, accurate, and fast:
to get a pandas dataframe:
import tabula

df = tabula.read_pdf('your.pdf')

df

By default, it ignores page content outside of the table. So far, I've only tested on a single-page, single-table file, but there are kwargs to accommodate multiple pages and/or multiple tables.
install via:
pip install tabula-py
# or
conda install -c conda-forge tabula-py

In terms of straight-up text extraction see:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/63190886/9249533

A: As of 2021 I would like to recommend pdfreader due to the fact that PyPDF2/3 seems to be troublesome now and tika is actually written in java and needs a jre in the background. pdfreader is pythonic, currently well maintained and has extensive documentation here.
Installation as usual: pip install pdfreader
Short example of usage:
from pdfreader import PDFDocument, SimplePDFViewer

# get raw document
fd = open(file_name, "rb")
doc = PDFDocument(fd)

# there is an iterator for pages
page_one = next(doc.pages())
all_pages = [p for p in doc.pages()]

# and even a viewer
fd = open(file_name, "rb")
viewer = SimplePDFViewer(fd)

A: After trying textract (which seemed to have too many dependencies) and pypdf2 (which could not extract text from the pdfs I tested with) and tika (which was too slow) I ended up using pdftotext from xpdf (as already suggested in another answer) and just called the binary from python directly (you may need to adapt the path to pdftotext):
import os, subprocess
SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
args = ["/usr/local/bin/pdftotext",
        '-enc',
        'UTF-8',
        "{}/my-pdf.pdf".format(SCRIPT_DIR),
        '-']
res = subprocess.run(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
output = res.stdout.decode('utf-8')

There is pdftotext which does basically the same but this assumes pdftotext in /usr/local/bin whereas I am using this in AWS lambda and wanted to use it from the current directory.
Btw: For using this on lambda you need to put the binary and the dependency to libstdc++.so into your lambda function. I personally needed to compile xpdf. As instructions for this would blow up this answer I put them on my personal blog.

A: I was looking for a simple solution to use for python 3.x and windows. There doesn't seem to be support from textract, which is unfortunate, but if you are looking for a simple solution for windows/python 3 checkout the tika package, really straight forward for reading pdfs.

Tika-Python is a Python binding to the Apache Tika™ REST services allowing Tika to be called natively in the Python community.

from tika import parser # pip install tika

raw = parser.from_file('sample.pdf')
print(raw['content'])

Note that Tika is written in Java so you will need a Java runtime installed

A: Here is the simplest code for extracting text
code:
# importing required modules
import PyPDF2

# creating a pdf file object
pdfFileObj = open('filename.pdf', 'rb')

# creating a pdf reader object
pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdfFileObj)

# printing number of pages in pdf file
print(pdfReader.numPages)

# creating a page object
pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(5)

# extracting text from page
print(pageObj.extractText())

# closing the pdf file object
pdfFileObj.close()

A: Use pdfminer.six. Here is the the doc : https://pdfminersix.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
To convert pdf to text :
    def pdf_to_text():
        from pdfminer.high_level import extract_text

        text = extract_text('test.pdf')
        print(text)

A: You can simply do this using pytessaract and OpenCV. Refer the following code. You can get more details from this article.
import os
from PIL import Image
from pdf2image import convert_from_path
import pytesseract

filePath = '021-DO-YOU-WONDER-ABOUT-RAIN-SNOW-SLEET-AND-HAIL-Free-Childrens-Book-By-Monkey-Pen.pdf'
doc = convert_from_path(filePath)

path, fileName = os.path.split(filePath)
fileBaseName, fileExtension = os.path.splitext(fileName)

for page_number, page_data in enumerate(doc):
txt = pytesseract.image_to_string(page_data).encode("utf-8")
print("Page # {} — {}".format(str(page_number),txt))

A: I've try many Python PDF converters, and I like to update this review.  Tika is one of the best. But PyMuPDF is a good news from @ehsaneha user.
I did a code to compare them in: https://github.com/erfelipe/PDFtextExtraction I hope to help you.

Tika-Python is a Python binding to the Apache Tika™ REST services
  allowing Tika to be called natively in the Python community.

from tika import parser

raw = parser.from_file("///Users/Documents/Textos/Texto1.pdf")
raw = str(raw)

safe_text = raw.encode('utf-8', errors='ignore')

safe_text = str(safe_text).replace("\n", "").replace("\\", "")
print('--- safe text ---' )
print( safe_text )

A: PyPDF2 recently improved a lot. Depending on the data, it is on-par or better than pdfminer.six.
pymupdf / tika / PDFium are better than PyPDF2, but the difference became rather small -
(mostly when to set a new line). The core part is that they are way faster. But they are not pure-Python which can mean that you cannot execute it. And some might have too restrictive licenses so that you may not use it.
Have a look at the benchmark.
Results from November 2022:

PyPDF2
Edit: I recently became the maintainer of PyPDF2!  The community improved the text extraction a lot. Give it a try :-)
from PyPDF2 import PdfReader

reader = PdfReader("example.pdf")
text = ""
for page in reader.pages:
    text += page.extract_text() + "\n"

Please note that those packages are not maintained:

*

*pyPdf, PyPDF3, PyPDF4

*pdfminer (without .six)

pymupdf
import fitz # install using: pip install PyMuPDF

with fitz.open("my.pdf") as doc:
    text = ""
    for page in doc:
        text += page.get_text()

print(text)

Other PDF libraries

*

*pikepdf does not support text extraction (source)

A: You may want to use time proved xPDF and derived tools to extract text instead as pyPDF2 seems to have various issues with the text extraction still.
The long answer is that there are lot of variations how a text is encoded inside PDF and that it may require to decoded PDF string itself, then may need to map with CMAP, then may need to analyze distance between words and letters etc.
In case the PDF is damaged (i.e. displaying the correct text but when copying it gives garbage) and you really need to extract text, then you may want to consider converting PDF into image (using ImageMagik) and then use Tesseract to get text from image using OCR.

A: PyPDF2 in some cases ignores the white spaces and makes the result text a mess, but I use PyMuPDF and I'm really satisfied
you can use this link for more info

A: pdftotext is the best and simplest one!
pdftotext also reserves the structure as well.
I tried PyPDF2, PDFMiner and a few others but none of them gave a satisfactory result.

A: I found a solution here PDFLayoutTextStripper
It's good because it can keep the layout of the original PDF.
It's written in Java but I have added a Gateway to support Python.
Sample code:
from py4j.java_gateway import JavaGateway

gw = JavaGateway()
result = gw.entry_point.strip('samples/bus.pdf')

# result is a dict of {
#   'success': 'true' or 'false',
#   'payload': pdf file content if 'success' is 'true'
#   'error': error message if 'success' is 'false'
# }

print result['payload']

Sample output from PDFLayoutTextStripper:

You can see more details here Stripper with Python

A: In 2020 the solutions above were not working for the particular pdf I was working with. Below is what did the trick. I am on Windows 10 and Python 3.8
Test pdf file: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aUfQAlvq5hA9kz2c9CyJADiY3KpY3-Vn/view?usp=sharing
#pip install pdfminer.six
import io

from pdfminer.pdfinterp import PDFResourceManager, PDFPageInterpreter
from pdfminer.converter import TextConverter
from pdfminer.layout import LAParams
from pdfminer.pdfpage import PDFPage

def convert_pdf_to_txt(path):
    '''Convert pdf content from a file path to text

    :path the file path
    '''
    rsrcmgr = PDFResourceManager()
    codec = 'utf-8'
    laparams = LAParams()

    with io.StringIO() as retstr:
        with TextConverter(rsrcmgr, retstr, codec=codec,
                           laparams=laparams) as device:
            with open(path, 'rb') as fp:
                interpreter = PDFPageInterpreter(rsrcmgr, device)
                password = ""
                maxpages = 0
                caching = True
                pagenos = set()

                for page in PDFPage.get_pages(fp,
                                              pagenos,
                                              maxpages=maxpages,
                                              password=password,
                                              caching=caching,
                                              check_extractable=True):
                    interpreter.process_page(page)

                return retstr.getvalue()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(convert_pdf_to_txt('C:\\Path\\To\\Test_PDF.pdf'))

A: Go through the official documentation there it is given
from PyPDF2 import PdfReader

reader = PdfReader("example.pdf")
page = reader.pages[0]
print(page.extract_text())

A: I am adding code to accomplish this:
It is working fine for me:
# This works in python 3
# required python packages
# tabula-py==1.0.0
# PyPDF2==1.26.0
# Pillow==4.0.0
# pdfminer.six==20170720

import os
import shutil
import warnings
from io import StringIO

import requests
import tabula
from PIL import Image
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileWriter, PdfFileReader
from pdfminer.converter import TextConverter
from pdfminer.layout import LAParams
from pdfminer.pdfinterp import PDFResourceManager, PDFPageInterpreter
from pdfminer.pdfpage import PDFPage

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

def download_file(url):
    local_filename = url.split('/')[-1]
    local_filename = local_filename.replace("%20", "_")
    r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
    print(r)
    with open(local_filename, 'wb') as f:
        shutil.copyfileobj(r.raw, f)

    return local_filename

class PDFExtractor():
    def __init__(self, url):
        self.url = url

    # Downloading File in local
    def break_pdf(self, filename, start_page=-1, end_page=-1):
        pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(open(filename, "rb"))
        # Reading each pdf one by one
        total_pages = pdf_reader.numPages
        if start_page == -1:
            start_page = 0
        elif start_page < 1 or start_page > total_pages:
            return "Start Page Selection Is Wrong"
        else:
            start_page = start_page - 1

        if end_page == -1:
            end_page = total_pages
        elif end_page < 1 or end_page > total_pages - 1:
            return "End Page Selection Is Wrong"
        else:
            end_page = end_page

        for i in range(start_page, end_page):
            output = PdfFileWriter()
            output.addPage(pdf_reader.getPage(i))
            with open(str(i + 1) + "_" + filename, "wb") as outputStream:
                output.write(outputStream)

    def extract_text_algo_1(self, file):
        pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(open(file, 'rb'))
        # creating a page object
        pageObj = pdf_reader.getPage(0)

        # extracting extract_text from page
        text = pageObj.extractText()
        text = text.replace("\n", "").replace("\t", "")
        return text

    def extract_text_algo_2(self, file):
        pdfResourceManager = PDFResourceManager()
        retstr = StringIO()
        la_params = LAParams()
        device = TextConverter(pdfResourceManager, retstr, codec='utf-8', laparams=la_params)
        fp = open(file, 'rb')
        interpreter = PDFPageInterpreter(pdfResourceManager, device)
        password = ""
        max_pages = 0
        caching = True
        page_num = set()

        for page in PDFPage.get_pages(fp, page_num, maxpages=max_pages, password=password, caching=caching,
                                      check_extractable=True):
            interpreter.process_page(page)

        text = retstr.getvalue()
        text = text.replace("\t", "").replace("\n", "")

        fp.close()
        device.close()
        retstr.close()
        return text

    def extract_text(self, file):
        text1 = self.extract_text_algo_1(file)
        text2 = self.extract_text_algo_2(file)

        if len(text2) > len(str(text1)):
            return text2
        else:
            return text1

    def extarct_table(self, file):

        # Read pdf into DataFrame
        try:
            df = tabula.read_pdf(file, output_format="csv")
        except:
            print("Error Reading Table")
            return

        print("\nPrinting Table Content: \n", df)
        print("\nDone Printing Table Content\n")

    def tiff_header_for_CCITT(self, width, height, img_size, CCITT_group=4):
        tiff_header_struct = '<' + '2s' + 'h' + 'l' + 'h' + 'hhll' * 8 + 'h'
        return struct.pack(tiff_header_struct,
                           b'II',  # Byte order indication: Little indian
                           42,  # Version number (always 42)
                           8,  # Offset to first IFD
                           8,  # Number of tags in IFD
                           256, 4, 1, width,  # ImageWidth, LONG, 1, width
                           257, 4, 1, height,  # ImageLength, LONG, 1, lenght
                           258, 3, 1, 1,  # BitsPerSample, SHORT, 1, 1
                           259, 3, 1, CCITT_group,  # Compression, SHORT, 1, 4 = CCITT Group 4 fax encoding
                           262, 3, 1, 0,  # Threshholding, SHORT, 1, 0 = WhiteIsZero
                           273, 4, 1, struct.calcsize(tiff_header_struct),  # StripOffsets, LONG, 1, len of header
                           278, 4, 1, height,  # RowsPerStrip, LONG, 1, lenght
                           279, 4, 1, img_size,  # StripByteCounts, LONG, 1, size of extract_image
                           0  # last IFD
                           )

    def extract_image(self, filename):
        number = 1
        pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(open(filename, 'rb'))

        for i in range(0, pdf_reader.numPages):

            page = pdf_reader.getPage(i)

            try:
                xObject = page['/Resources']['/XObject'].getObject()
            except:
                print("No XObject Found")
                return

            for obj in xObject:

                try:

                    if xObject[obj]['/Subtype'] == '/Image':
                        size = (xObject[obj]['/Width'], xObject[obj]['/Height'])
                        data = xObject[obj]._data
                        if xObject[obj]['/ColorSpace'] == '/DeviceRGB':
                            mode = "RGB"
                        else:
                            mode = "P"

                        image_name = filename.split(".")[0] + str(number)

                        print(xObject[obj]['/Filter'])

                        if xObject[obj]['/Filter'] == '/FlateDecode':
                            data = xObject[obj].getData()
                            img = Image.frombytes(mode, size, data)
                            img.save(image_name + "_Flate.png")
                            # save_to_s3(imagename + "_Flate.png")
                            print("Image_Saved")

                            number += 1
                        elif xObject[obj]['/Filter'] == '/DCTDecode':
                            img = open(image_name + "_DCT.jpg", "wb")
                            img.write(data)
                            # save_to_s3(imagename + "_DCT.jpg")
                            img.close()
                            number += 1
                        elif xObject[obj]['/Filter'] == '/JPXDecode':
                            img = open(image_name + "_JPX.jp2", "wb")
                            img.write(data)
                            # save_to_s3(imagename + "_JPX.jp2")
                            img.close()
                            number += 1
                        elif xObject[obj]['/Filter'] == '/CCITTFaxDecode':
                            if xObject[obj]['/DecodeParms']['/K'] == -1:
                                CCITT_group = 4
                            else:
                                CCITT_group = 3
                            width = xObject[obj]['/Width']
                            height = xObject[obj]['/Height']
                            data = xObject[obj]._data  # sorry, getData() does not work for CCITTFaxDecode
                            img_size = len(data)
                            tiff_header = self.tiff_header_for_CCITT(width, height, img_size, CCITT_group)
                            img_name = image_name + '_CCITT.tiff'
                            with open(img_name, 'wb') as img_file:
                                img_file.write(tiff_header + data)

                            # save_to_s3(img_name)
                            number += 1
                except:
                    continue

        return number

    def read_pages(self, start_page=-1, end_page=-1):

        # Downloading file locally
        downloaded_file = download_file(self.url)
        print(downloaded_file)

        # breaking PDF into number of pages in diff pdf files
        self.break_pdf(downloaded_file, start_page, end_page)

        # creating a pdf reader object
        pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(open(downloaded_file, 'rb'))

        # Reading each pdf one by one
        total_pages = pdf_reader.numPages

        if start_page == -1:
            start_page = 0
        elif start_page < 1 or start_page > total_pages:
            return "Start Page Selection Is Wrong"
        else:
            start_page = start_page - 1

        if end_page == -1:
            end_page = total_pages
        elif end_page < 1 or end_page > total_pages - 1:
            return "End Page Selection Is Wrong"
        else:
            end_page = end_page

        for i in range(start_page, end_page):
            # creating a page based filename
            file = str(i + 1) + "_" + downloaded_file

            print("\nStarting to Read Page: ", i + 1, "\n -----------===-------------")

            file_text = self.extract_text(file)
            print(file_text)
            self.extract_image(file)

            self.extarct_table(file)
            os.remove(file)
            print("Stopped Reading Page: ", i + 1, "\n -----------===-------------")

        os.remove(downloaded_file)

# I have tested on these 3 pdf files
# url = "http://s3.amazonaws.com/NLP_Project/Original_Documents/Healthcare-January-2017.pdf"
url = "http://s3.amazonaws.com/NLP_Project/Original_Documents/Sample_Test.pdf"
# url = "http://s3.amazonaws.com/NLP_Project/Original_Documents/Sazerac_FS_2017_06_30%20Annual.pdf"
# creating the instance of class
pdf_extractor = PDFExtractor(url)

# Getting desired data out
pdf_extractor.read_pages(15, 23)

A: You can download tika-app-xxx.jar(latest) from Here.
Then put this .jar file in the same folder of your python script file.
then insert the following code in the script:
import os
import os.path

tika_dir=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'<tika-app-xxx>.jar')

def extract_pdf(source_pdf:str,target_txt:str):
    os.system('java -jar '+tika_dir+' -t {} > {}'.format(source_pdf,target_txt))

The advantage of this method:
fewer dependency. Single .jar file is easier to manage that a python package.
multi-format support. The position source_pdf can be the directory of any kind of document. (.doc, .html, .odt, etc.)
up-to-date. tika-app.jar always release earlier than the relevant version of tika python package.
stable. It is far more stable and well-maintained (Powered by Apache) than PyPDF.
disadvantage:
A jre-headless is necessary.

A: If you try it in Anaconda on Windows, PyPDF2 might not handle some of the PDFs with non-standard structure or unicode characters. I recommend using the following code if you need to open and read a lot of pdf files - the text of all pdf files in folder with relative path .//pdfs// will be stored in list pdf_text_list.
from tika import parser
import glob

def read_pdf(filename):
    text = parser.from_file(filename)
    return(text)

all_files = glob.glob(".\\pdfs\\*.pdf")
pdf_text_list=[]
for i,file in enumerate(all_files):
    text=read_pdf(file)
    pdf_text_list.append(text['content'])

print(pdf_text_list)

A: For extracting Text from PDF use below code
import PyPDF2
pdfFileObj = open('mypdf.pdf', 'rb')

pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdfFileObj)

print(pdfReader.numPages)

pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(0)

a = pageObj.extractText()

print(a)

A: A more robust way, supposing there are multiple PDF's or just one !
import os
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileWriter, PdfFileReader
from io import BytesIO

mydir = # specify path to your directory where PDF or PDF's are

for arch in os.listdir(mydir):
    buffer = io.BytesIO()
    archpath = os.path.join(mydir, arch)
    with open(archpath) as f:
            pdfFileObj = open(archpath, 'rb')
            pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdfFileObj)
            pdfReader.numPages
            pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(0)
            ley = pageObj.extractText()
            file1 = open("myfile.txt","w")
            file1.writelines(ley)
            file1.close()

A: Camelot seems a fairly powerful solution to extract tables from PDFs in Python.
At first sight it seems to achieve almost as accurate extraction as the tabula-py package suggested by CreekGeek, which is already waaaaay above any other posted solution as of today in terms of reliability, but it is supposedly much more configurable.  Furthermore it has its own accuracy indicator (results.parsing_report), and great debugging features.
Both Camelot and Tabula provide the results as Pandas' DataFrames, so it is easy to adjust tables afterwards.
pip install camelot-py

(Not to be confused with the camelot package.)
import camelot

df_list = []
results = camelot.read_pdf("file.pdf", ...)
for table in results:
    print(table.parsing_report)
    df_list.append(results[0].df)

It can also output results as CSV, JSON, HTML or Excel.
Camelot comes at the expense of a number of dependencies.
NB : Since my input is pretty complex with many different tables I ended up using both Camelot and Tabula, depending on the table, to achieve the best results.

A: Try out borb, a pure python PDF library
import typing
from borb.pdf.document import Document
from borb.pdf.pdf import PDF
from borb.toolkit.text.simple_text_extraction import SimpleTextExtraction

def main():

    # variable to hold Document instance
    doc: typing.Optional[Document] = None

    # this implementation of EventListener handles text-rendering instructions
    l: SimpleTextExtraction = SimpleTextExtraction()

    # open the document, passing along the array of listeners
    with open("input.pdf", "rb") as in_file_handle:
        doc = PDF.loads(in_file_handle, [l])

    # were we able to read the document?
    assert doc is not None

    # print the text on page 0
    print(l.get_text(0))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

A: It includes creating a new sheet for each PDF page being set dynamically based on number of pages in the document.
import PyPDF2 as p2
import xlsxwriter

pdfFileName = "sample.pdf"
pdfFile = open(pdfFileName, 'rb')
pdfread = p2.PdfFileReader(pdfFile)
number_of_pages = pdfread.getNumPages()
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('pdftoexcel.xlsx')

for page_number in range(number_of_pages):
    print(f'Sheet{page_number}')
    pageinfo = pdfread.getPage(page_number)
    rawInfo = pageinfo.extractText().split('\n')

    row = 0
    column = 0
    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet(f'Sheet{page_number}')

    for line in rawInfo:
        worksheet.write(row, column, line)
        row += 1
workbook.close()

A: Objectives: Extract text from PDF
Required Tools:

*

*Poppler for windows: wrapper for pdftotext file in windows
for anaanaconda: conda install -c conda-forge

*pdftotext utility to convert PDF to text.
Steps:
Install Poppler. For windows, Add "xxx/bin/" to env path
pip install pdftotext
import pdftotext

# Load your PDF
with open("Target.pdf", "rb") as f:
    pdf = pdftotext.PDF(f)

# Save all text to a txt file.
with open('output.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write("\n\n".join(pdf))

A:
How to extract text from a PDF file?

The first thing to understand is the PDF format. It has a public specification written in English, see ISO 32000-2:2017 and read the more than 700 pages of PDF 1.7 specification. You certainly at least need to read the wikipedia page about PDF
Once you understood the details of the PDF format, extracting text is more or less easy (but what about text appearing in figures or images; its figure 1)? Don't expect writing a perfect software text extractor alone in a few weeks....
On Linux, you might also use pdf2text which you could popen from your Python code.
In general, extracting text from a PDF file is an ill defined problem. For a human reader some text could be made (as a figure) from different dots, or a photo, etc...
The Google search engine is capable of extracting text from PDF, but is rumored to need more than half a billion lines of source code. Do you have the necessary resources (in man power, in budget) to develop a competitor?
A possibility might be to print the PDF to some virtual printer (e.g. using GhostScript or Firefox), then to use OCR techniques to extract text.
I would recommend instead to work on the data representation which has generated that PDF file, for example on the original LaTeX code (or Lout code) or on OOXML code.
In all cases, you need to budget at least several person years of software development.

A: PyPDF2 does work, but results may vary. I am seeing quite inconsistent findings from its result extraction.
reader=PyPDF2.pdf.PdfFileReader(self._path)
eachPageText=[]
for i in range(0,reader.getNumPages()):
    pageText=reader.getPage(i).extractText()
    print(pageText)
    eachPageText.append(pageText)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
'''basdetok''' is a Java Package of BASIC detokenizers for variants
of GW-BASIC on different personal computers under DOS and CP/M.
It takes a tokenized (binary)
BASIC file and produces a readable ASCII listing as it would be
stored by "SAVE ...,A".

Currently the following variants are implemented:
 -copy     input = output
 -m20      Olivetti M20 under PCOS
 -msx      MicroSoft eXtended BASIC
 -pc       MS-DOS PCs with GWBASIC.EXE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Great Fairs
1964-65, New York, United States - The 1964/1965 New York World's Fair
After the Gates Closed
Flushing Meadows catches the Spirit of '76!
By Maverick, August 11, 2006 in 1966 to 1999
Century 21 Exposition
Location:Austin, Texas
I found the most interesting bound volume at work yesterday... a complete set of commemorative reprints of The Bicentennial Times. According to the preface, " The Bicentennial Times was the official national publication of the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration (ARBA).... " With a peak circulation of 400,000, "The Bicentennial Times was designed primarily to disseminate infomation on Bicentennial activities at local, state, regional, national and international levels." It was published monthly from Jan. '74 through Dec. '76. While leafing through it, I found many great articles about Expo '74, including construction updates to Nixon at opening day, to special events at the fair. (If anyone is interested in Expo '74, let me know and I can make some scans). There was also one blurb about festivities at FMCP, and this article about the relocation of the Spanish Pavilion to St. Louis.
Go To Topic Listing 1966 to 1999