text:
WE HAVE A JURY!
We s tarted Day 11 with a total of sixteen jurors. The state has 3 peremptory challenges, the defense 1. Unless Jose Baez can sweet-talk Judge Perry into giving him more challenges, we should have a jury with perhaps an alternate or two by the end of the day.
Of course, the way things have gone, I would never predict what will actually happen!
The live feed came up with a shot of two weary attorneys, Jeff Ashton and Frank George. There were also shots of a weary Linda Burdick discussing something (exhibits for opening arguments?) with a perky Jose Baez (He must get a lot of caffeine throughout the day.)
Casey Anthony entered the courtroom at precisely 8:25 in her usual fashion: head hanging down to the left, neutral expression on her face.
By 8:30, Judge Perry was on the bench. There was a problem with the volume on the feed, I could barely make out what was being said.
Juror 3050 was called to the stand. When first called he had child care issues and the situation was the same (child care for his girlfriend's grandson).
Perry continued on with voir dire. He said he had no memory of the case from 2008.
Now there is interference with another transmission and it is virtually impossible to hear.
I missed if he had formed an opinion and he said he believed he could put aside what he knows.
He said that he has problems with capital cases in general.
He said that he has a strong moral opinion about the state putting people to death under his name.
Perry then tried to rehabilitate him. When asked, he said he would automatically vote against the death penalty if Casey Anthony were found guilty of 1st degree murder.
Neither the state nor the defense had any questions. He was asked to step out. He was excused over the objection of the defense.
Juror 3060 was the next for voir dire. When he left last time, there was an issue about being paid for jury duty. He said he would be reimbursed 100%.
This gentleman didn't hear news of the case when it first occurred. He said he heard about the case about 3 months ago.
He thought he heard about it on CNN. It was a 5 minute "thing" on his lunch break. He did see the face of the girl, but didn't remember the content. Also, he said there were pictures where they were searching houses.
Two or three weeks ago, he heard the case was moving to Tampa.
He had no opinion about Ms. Anthony's guilt or innocence.
There were no questions concerning media from the attorneys.
We came next to the Death Penalty Test. Once juror 3060 said he could presume innocence, the juror said that he was against the death penalty.
Judge Perry then worked to rehabilitate this situation. He said that he could not find Casey Anthony guilty of 1st degree murder if the death penalty might be imposed. The judge tried and failed to have him consider imposing the death penalty and he was excused as the previous one had been.
Remember, the defense filed motions asking the death penalty be removed. As of now, all have been denied.
Juror 3170 was called next.
He remembered a little of the initial reports and a there was a blank until the judge had read the indictment was read in court.
He remembered that a little girl had been missing and they couldn't find the body. He read that the body had been found in December.
He stated he had no opinion about the case in terms of Casey's guilt or innocence.
He felt he could be a fair person in the case.
The state declined to question, but Jose Baez did. He elicited that he knew a utility worker found the body but that he couldn't remember Caylee's name.
This man is one of the blankest slates we have seen. I can only wonder if he will pass the Death Penalty Test.
He said that he had no problems with assumption of innocence and other basic premises of law.
It turned out that he is a government teacher and what the judge had to say is something he teaches his students.
He said he believed in the rule of law and that he was fairly neutral about the death penalty. He also mentioned extenuating circumstances (aggravating and mitigating factors).
I'm sure both sides are going to be leery of this juror. As a teacher who knows a lot about the law, he could end up being the jury foreman and "teach" the jurors. Which way he would go would have a profound effect on deliberations.
He said that he had no problems recommending the death sentence or life without parole based on going through the process.
He passed the Death Penalty Test, so now we were on to voir dire about media exposure.
The state had no questions, but Ann Finnel did give her Test. (How many times have we heard it?)
I was surprised that he didn't know that in Florida, death is by lethal injection.
Juror 3170 passed the Ann Finnel Test and we were now on to general voir dire.
Frank George spoke to the juror. He has been married for 4 years. He was married 2 previous times. He's never reported for jury duty before. He has one son from his first marriage and he is 23. His son does not have children. He does have two step-children from his current marriage. One is 17, the other 16.
He had a DUI which was was lowered in a plea guilty of careless driving 6 years ago. He said he holds no ill will against the system.
Aside from teaching senior US Government, he is a drop-out prevention coordinator. He has taken a business law class and many US Government classes which cover law. He teaches about the criminal process in the class.
He said that what he would bring would not be "special" knowledge.
He also engaged in negotiations in a job with the Post Office as a Labor Specialist.
He said that he'd like to be on the jury because he believes in doing his civic duty. He even quoted Judge Perry. It would be a good experience and a help as a teaching tool
Cheney Mason came up to question next. He first asked the name of lawyer friend who comes to talk in his classes.
He said his school has a Criminal Justice Academy, but he is not connected with it.
There was a lot of discussion of what the people he brings in to speak to his classes teach the students and other aspects of general voir dire.
He reads Tom Clancy and Frank Baldacci.
Juror 3170 stepped outside and there was no challenge to him. We have juror pool member 17.
We had a 10 minute break. When the break was over, Jose Baez asked if they could approach the bench.
It was at this point that it struc k me that Dorothy Simms was absent. Ms. Fryer, Cheney Mason's assistant took over the role of baby sitter today.
(I wonder if she was sent back to Orlando to digitize the documents or get them organized.)
Juror 3268 was called next. She told Judge Perry that she had heard about the case. She state that she just heard about the case on Monday when called for jury duty. She checked online and checked a timeline about the case. She said that she knew there was a gap.
At the time the case occurred, she was out of the country.
When asked about the "gap" she said that there was a gap of time between the time the child went missing there was a time before she was reported missing. She also heard that there was another person of interest.
The same day, her mother told her that the little girl went missing, the mother was suspected, and that it was a horrible case. Her mother made no judgement about the case.
She said she had no opinion about Casey's guilt or innocence and that she could lay aside all she knew and judge the case on the evidence and the law.
Linda Burdick did the questioning for the state. The juror had been working on a boat from June 2008 thru 2010. She had been all over, from Canada, to Florida, to the Mediterranean.
She described her online search which lasted for about 20 minutes. She said that she saw a link with a script of the phone call between Casey Anthony and her mother. They were asking her questions about the child and she thought Casey had said she was wrongly excused. She said she saw photographs of the child, smiling and happy. She also saw pictures of Casey Anthony. They were party pictures which might have been on Facebook. She thought she saw 4 or 5 pictures.
She indicated that has not read blogs associated with the case.
I'm wondering why she didn't tell this to Judge Perry. Does she know more than she's saying?
As for the "other person of interest," she said it was the person was the one who found the body.
She recognized the parents and George's suicide attempt in Daytona.
She thought that it was "weird" or "strange" but that it hadn't made her form an opinion.
She said that she didn't follow any news about the case after her internet search. She thought the jury had been chosen Monday and that, on Wednesday, she was "in the clear" about being chosen for the case.
Jose Baez asked if she could set what she knew about the case when sitting on this case. He asked how certain she was in such a serious case.
She said she could, because, if she wasn't there, she didn't know.
Baez continued with this questioning and she kept saying she could. She felt there were no assumptions in what she read.
He then tried to clear up her answer to the point where she could "forget" what she knew.
When he asked if she could forget Judge Perry, she said "no", which brought about a moment of laughter.
She said that she couldn't block it out, but that she would not use it in making a decision.
This was excellent questioning by Mr. Baez.
Judge Perry then went on to question the prospective juror about the presumption of innocence. She said that she had no problem with that. She had a problem about weighing the evidence, she would have to hear from the defendant, in spite of being instructed that the defendant has the right not to testify.
The state was asked if they wanted to inquire and they said they didn't. The defense said the same.
Both sides agreed to excuse her because she would hold it against Ms. Anthony if she did not testify.
Juror 4046 was up next. She first heard about the case was when the little girl went missing. There was a baby sitter involved. She remembered they found the child. Then, she heard that the mother had been arrested. She also remembered that the mother of the child had gone out dancing at night.
She heard last week that there was a problem with the jury. Her husband told her that one of the jury members was also a witness.
She said that she saw the picture of the mother at a night club.
Juror 4046 said that she only had one conversation with her husband when the child was missing. She told him that she hoped the would find her.
She said that she had not formed an opinion about Casey's guilt or innocence.
She also told Judge Perry that she could not put whatever she knew about the case aside and could render a decision based on the law.
She gave a rather convoluted explanation about this and she said that it made her sad. She felt it should not be a form of entertainment.
Uh, that didn't answer the question!
Finally, the judge asked the question one more time and she finally understood it. Then, she said she could put her previous memories aside.
She pointed out that she hadn't heard the mother's side of the story and could not make a judgement until she did.
Judge Perry continued with the questioning after clearing that hot mess up. The juror said she understood reasonable doubt.
Jeff Ashton asked her questions about pre-trial publicity. First he asked her when she moved to North Carolina. She couldn't remember! She'd moved back and forth a couple of times.
She's clearly not an internet person and Jeff Ashton was finished.
I'm not so sure about this woman, she is nice and friendly, but I wonder about her ability to understand things the first time 'round.
Jose Baez had no questions!
We then went to the Death Penalty Test. She said that she has no opinion about the death penalty.
All of a sudden, ther e was a disturbance as a woman in the gallery shouted out "she killed someone anyway!" The woman was led out of court, shoes in hand. Judge Perry asked that she be held at the courthouse.
The juror was asked to step out and the defense moved to dismiss the juror because of the outburst. Jeff Ashton said that they should bring the woman back for questioning about the incident before deciding if she should be dismissed.
Judge Perry took a brief recess to look into the matter.
When Judge Perry resumed the bench, the Court Deputy escorted the lady back into court.
Elizabeth Ann Rogers appeared before the judge, crying copiously.
Judge Perry asked her if she had any reason for not being held in contempt of court.
She said that she is mentally challenged and had never been in court before. She didn't know why she said it. She said that she has a 3 year old.
The judge asked her how she is mentally challenged. She ran through a list of ailments from bi-polar disorder to PTSD to borderline personality disorder. She said that she needed her medications.
Judge Perry was very stern with her and said that, as a result of her actions, they may have to dismiss a potential juror.
The judge mentioned that she had said she took her medications at 6 AM.
She had been in the courthouse for another case, that she's not a bad person and she volunteers with the SPCA and goes to the methadone clinic every day.
He said that, but for her disability, he would have sentenced her to 179 days in the Pinellas County Jail. He did find her guilty of contempt and sentenced her to 2 days in Pinellas County Jail. He advised of her right to appeal.
He then swore her in. She repeated that she is a volunteer and is on Social Security for her mental illnesses. He appointed a public defender to represent her.
Juror 4046 was then called back to court.
Judge Perry asked if she recalled what the lady said. She said that she originally heard something, but then was engaged in a conversation with a detective and forgot.
The judge excused her. He was VERY angry and slammed something down on the bench.
Juror 4013 was called in next. She said that she had no financial hardship. Judge Perry asked if she had any other hardships and she said she didn't. The judge asked her to think about it. She said it was a long time to be gone. In the end, she said that she would be fine.
She had heard about this case in the news media. She said that she was more into it when the little girl went missing, kept up with it up until Casey's arrest.
She remembered that the little girl went missing and they thought Ms. Anthony was missing and arrested for it. They found the body. She saw pictures on the news. The pictures were of people wearing the T-shirts and other pictures as well. She didn't recall what they were.
She did no internet searches but did remember Casey's parents and how devastated they were. They were the ones with the T-shirts on. She didn't keep up after that.
She said she'd been around when others expressed opinions about Ms. Anthony, that she was guilty. She said that she hoped she's not.
Juror 4013 said that she had not formed an opinion since she's not one to judge someone if you don't really know.
She said she could put what she knew aside to judge the case.
Frank George asked further questions. She watched Nancy Grace occasionally until the body was found.
She recalled seeing the protestors outside the house and the bounty hunter.
She mentioned that Nancy Grace had people on with different opinions. She repeated that she still hoped she didn't do it.
She never read about the case on the internet.
Jose Baez then inquired. He asked her if she took what was on Nancy Grace seriously or if it was like wrestling!
Baez then asked her if she'd ever had to block something from her mind before and she said that she said everybody does it.
She said what she would be "okay" with the evidence.
Baez asked a lot more questions on the topic and this juror wouldn't budge with her opinion that she hoped Casey didn't do it.
It was then Judge Perry's turn to discuss the murder in the 1st degree charge.
This juror could assume the innocence of the defendant and that she would not hold it against her if she did not testify.
Then came the Death Penalty Test. She stated she hadn't thought about it. She passed the questions about aggravating and mitigating circumstances. She then passed the test when she said that she could impose the death penalty if supported by facts of the case and the law as well as impose a sentence of life without parole.
The state did not question this prospective juror. Then, we had Ann Finnel and her Test.
Juror 4013 passed the Ann Finnel Test with flying colors.
Frank George questioned her about her husband. She was a widow whose husband died last year after being released from serving 6 years for drugs. She hadn't lived with him in the time prior to his legal problems.
She felt her husband's jail dealings would have no effect on her concerning this case.
She has a son who is 12. She lives with her parents and they help her. She is 37 years old.
She went through the 11th grade and works at a car dealership. She also worked as a telemarketer.
She had been in trouble with the law for bounced checks. They approached the bar to go into details.
There was some more questioning by Frank George.
Her son has lived with his grandparents for most of his life. There were some times when she left him with her parents.
When asked if she wanted to be on the jury, she thought she could, it could be fun. She said she'd like to know what really happened.
The defense had no questions.
After she stepped outside, the state and state said they had no objections. She became juror 18.
She isn't an ideal juror, but I think both sides are holding onto their peremptory challenges until the final moment.
There was some talk about jurors who are coming in this afternoon and then lunch was called until 1:10.
Judge Perry took the bench at 1:15.
The next juror was 4191. Based on the opinion of others, he felt that Casey is guilty.
He understood the presumption of innocence and that the defense does not have to prove anything and Casey Anthony does have the right not to testify.
He had not read anything about the case and said that his opinion came from others.
He said that he thought it would be difficult to do it, but he probably could. He said that he can be because of the stakes of the case. He said if he was placed on a case he could be impartial.
Linda Burdick questioned him about pre-trial publicity.
He said that his friends, family, and other people had given him those opinions.
He mentioned that in the past few days, there was a lot of speculation among the prospective jurors he heard a lot of negative opinions about Casey.
Weren't there supposed to be people monitoring the jury room?
When further questioned, he said it was the sheer number of negative opinions that made him had his decision.
He apparently got very little first-hand information from the media.
He said that the "stakes" in the trial was the death penalty, which he doesn't take lightly.
Burdick asked if he could fairly judge without having other opinions "bleed" into his thinking.
Jose Baez was up next. He also delved into the unusual situation of this juror, who seemed to have no direct knowledge, yet had an opinion.
He said he would like to be part of the decision making, but that it would lay heavily on him. He said the process intrigued him, but the punishment phase would be hard for him.
Baez then asked how he could put the information aside. He said that if he was going to be part of the group who makes the decision, he would not let what other people told him affect him.
Baez asked about the jury room. There were two or three groups talking about it. It was the large group closer to the beginning.
This gentleman said that he is against the death penalty for religious reasons.
He said that the possibility of the death penalty would deter him from finding Ms. Anthony guilty of 1st degree murder.
There were no questions and the juror was dismissed for cause over the objection of the defense, as usual.
Next, we had juror 4156. She stated that she feels Casey Anthony is guilty. As a mother of 2, she could not imagine a mother not notifying the police for 31 days.
She lost a lot of sleep thinking if she could put her opinion aside. She said she was not sure she could be a fair and impartial juror.
There was no questioning and the juror was dismissed for cause.
Juror 4023 came next. She said that, because of the emotional nature of the case, she might not be able to judge the case fairly.
There were no questions and the juror was dismissed for cause.
They are dropping like flies today!
We then heard from juror 4192. He had very little knowledge of the case. He said he gets his news from friends and family, not the media. He's heard nothing from them about the case.
He said he had not opinion about Ms. Anthony concerning this case.
The state did not ask any questions.
I'm not sure if Judge Perry asked the defense if they wanted to ask questions, but they didn't complain at the time. Perhaps Jose Baez just shook his head no.
When asked about the death penalty, he said that it would depend on the case. When asked what kind of case, he said "rape" cases. The judge then went on with further explanation.
He answered the remainder of Judge Perry's question easily and correctly.
Once juror 4192 passed the Death Penalty test, he was subjected to the Ann Finnel Test. This young man flew through the questions easily. Ms. Finnel did change one question, though. Instead of asking the ruler question, she asked that if there were a referendum on the death penalty in Florida, how would you vote? He said he couldn't answer.
Having passed the test, he went on to general voir dire with Linda Burdick.
This juror is 25 years old and single with no children. He has a step sister and brother in their 30's and a younger brother 22. He is a carpenter. He sells shoes and has done child care for 3 and 4-year olds.
He had been accused of a crime. He was charged with paraphanalia and possession. He was given probation and one charge was dismissed. This occurred when he was 16. He has no negative feelings towards the criminal justice system.
Last season, he went to Orlando for the Orlando Magic finals. He went there for college parties when he as young. He mainly went to dorms at UCF.
He has 4 nieces and nephews under 7. He assumes responsibility for their care sometimes.
He said he's not very good with computers.
Cheney Mason inquired for the defense. His hobby is playing sports video games. He only watches DVR's on TV.
When asked if he wanted to be on the jury, he said that "it is what it is" and his civic duty. There would be no financial issues because he lives with his parents and has no bills.
Mason then tried to go over some topics discussed earlier and tried to find out how he would influence or be influenced by other jurors.
He said that he is not interested much in forensic sciences.
When Mason finished, the juror left the courtroom. There were no objections and juror 4192 became #19.
According to the judge there are 2 more to question. He then called a 10 minute recess.
Juror 4060 was brought in next. We first learned what she knew about the case. She knew that there was a missing little girl. She had seen a picture of the little girl and a picture of the defendant. She noticed nothing unusual about the photographs. She didn't recall anything she learned from the media.
She heard people talking about the case when it first happened, but didn't recall in detail. Again, it was just that the little girl was missing.
She said that she had not formed an opinion about the case or Casey's guilt or innocence.
Juror 4060 said she could put aside what she knew about the case.
Jeff Ashton asked if she knew any reason why the mother would be a suspect. She said she didn't..
Jose Baez did not ask any questions.
There was no problem for her when she answered Judge Perry's questions. She said she would not hold it against Casey if she did not testify.
When she was informed that the case is a death penalty case, he went through the Death Penalty Test.
She said that she is against the death penalty and would have difficulty finding Casey guilty of 1st degree murder because she could not impose the death penalty.
As was usual, she was dismissed over defense objections.
Juror number 4123 was called last. There was an immediate side bar.
When it broke up, Judge Perry brought the juror into the courtroom.
She began by telling her knowledge of the case. She said that there was a little girl was missing, the body was found, and they accused the mother. She didn't know the names of Cindy and George Anthony.
She saw photographs of the little girl and the mom. It was just a head shot of the mom.
She has heard people talk about the case. Most of what she has heard, were excuses on how to get out of jury duty!
She learned the most about the case when Perry read the indictments.
She hasn't formed any impression about Casey's innocence or guilt. She reminded the judge that he said that people are innocent until proven guilty.
Frank George asked a few questions about her media exposure. She apparently had very little.
Jose Baez chose to interview this juror. She told him that driving to dinner with her husband, she turned the news off. She wouldn't let him watch his favorite news shows last night. She hasn't discussed the case with him at all.
She added that she knew that they were searching for the girl.
Next came Judge Perry's Death Penalty Test. This juror had a lot of difficulty in commiting to the death penalty. The judge read the law to her and explained some more and she finally said she could impose the death penalty. She could also vote for life without parole.
Jeff Ashton asked some questions. He first went through a more detailed version than the judge concerning reasonable doubt versus the preponderance of the evidence. He explained the law does not tell her she doesn't HAVE to vote for the death penalty, it will always be her choice.
By the end, she said it would be difficult, but she could.
She said she felt privileged to serve on the jury and was waiting for the evidence to come forward.
We were then treated to a few questions by Ann Finnel. (I guess I could call it the Ann Finnel Test: Short Form).
We then moved on to general voir dire with Frank George.
(I am getting pretty punchy about now.)
She has been married for six years and does not have children. It is her third (and last) marriage.
She has a brother who is a Major in the Louisville Police Department. They are not close because they were raised by their parents separately. He has two children.
She was robbed at gunpoint in a convenience store in 1985 and nobody was arrested.
She has been accused of a crime (which they had already discussed at a sidebar).
She is disabled. She has some bad disks in her back with sciatica. She takes medication for back pain and also depression which is under control.
She fosters cats and her husband is a bank courier.
She said that she felt blessed to be able to be on the jury as she had her civil rights returned.
Jose Baez spoke to her about the presumption of innocence.
There were no new questions here, just reruns I sometimes refer to as the Ann Finnel Junior Test.
Once Baez finished speaking, the juror was asked to leave the courtroom.
There were no objections from either side and we now had juror number 20.
The judge then mentioned a juror 3016. They said they would take part of it up in camera.Juror 3016 was one who went through voir dire yesterday.
As it turned out, we heard no more of this.
There was then a lengthy break when the Perry and all the attorneys went in camera to discuss jury selection and strikes.
In the meantime, Casey Anthony was led from the courtroom.
What would happen next was anybody's guess. As I wrote those words, something interesting did happen next.
The lady from this morning was brought into the courtroom, in jail garb and still crying. Apparently, the rules in Pinellas are different and they had to start the proceedings over . She was accompanied by an attorney, a Mr. Wolf.
Judge Perry summarized the entire situation from this morning for Mr. Wolf. Then Wolf asked her to explain what happened. Here is pretty much what she said:
She was getting her fiancé to jail for domestic and she didn't take her medicine this morning. She's had no food or water all day. She's had no toilet paper. She told the judge she took her medication at 6, she meant she had taken her methadone and not the other medications because she was in a hurry.. She was thinking about how she was going to fix a 2 year abusive relationship
Mr. Wolf then gave a brief summary of what she had told him. He indicated that as soon as she said this, she regretted it.
Judge Perry said that one of the hallmarks of a free society is the ability to go into a courtroom. One doesn't have the right, however, to stand up and say something such as what Ms. Rogers said. It showed some forethought and to realize she was in a courtroom where someone was on trial for killing for someone. He pointed out it cost him a potential juror.
While he was mindful of the fact she suffers from bi-polar disorder, he felt that, at the time, he felt the 2-day sentence was appropriate. He then ruled as he did before. She will be out of jail tomorrow.
We then had another brief recess.
Finally, court was back in session again and Judge Perry said that they had exhausted the jury pool.
The state then struck juror 3308 and, in agreement with the defense, would add him to the end of the alternate list. (This was the juror who had a distrust of law enforcement he discussed in depth at a side bar the other day.)
The defense then struck number 1340.
Jose then made a motion asking for more peremptory challenges because they were not allowed to use for cause-challenges on jurors 1129, 1011, 3119.
Judge Perry denied the request.
The state and defense had agreed to use peremptory challenges on alternate jurors 3281 (defense) and 4123 (state). The remaining jurors would be the alternates.
The defense then objected to the jury as seated as they would have used the extra peremptory challenges.
The judge noted that the defense objected strongly and even mentioned the case law they should cite in their objection! Then Casey Anthony said she had had adequate input into the jury selection, noting the defense objection.
The jurors were then announced.
Check out this list for more details about the jurors.
The attorneys and Casey Anthony then moved to the other side of their tables.
Prior to the jurors being let into the courtroom, Judge Perry gave very strong warnings about people trying to talk to the jurors or interfere with them in any way.
With that, the jurors were brought into the courtroom and sworn in.
The judge gave them their instructions in a stern voice. Even though they are not officially sequestered, their lives are as sequestered as if they were in Orlando.
This time, Casey faced her jury straight on. She will get to know their faces very well. She will be sitting in the courtroom facing them each and every day of her trial. They are the ones who will listen to the testimony and see the evidence. They are the ones who will deliberate and decide her fate
Judge Perry returned to the courtroom and thanked Chief Judge Tom McGrady, his staff, his PIO officer, and the court deputies for the great job they did.
He also said that the prosecution and the defense thanked them as well.
In order for the jury to get ready for their long period of sequestration, Judge Perry announced that the trial will start Tuesday, May 24, at 9 AM.
Posted by ritanita at 4:07 PM
Labels: Ann Finnell, Casey Anthony, Caylee Anthony, Cheney Mason, Frank George, Jeff Ashton, Jose Baez, Judge Belvin Perry, Linda Drane Burdick
Unforkin' believeable ritanita! I would never have believed they could seat this jury as quickly as they did. Excellent reporting as usual.
cereusle said...
Thank you, Ritanita, for the post. Knowing how long and drawn out the jury selection process has been, I really appreciate your breaking it down for us.
Been waiting all day for your analysis, you're the best. Thanks!
wonderful reporting ritanita. I watched much of the proceedings. Amazing stuff. I think the judge is cool. He appears to be fair, but he doesn't seem to buy too much BS. Did the last possible juror (the lady) make it? She appeared to me to want to be on that jury just a little too much.
wow you got it all your reporting is awesom saw it all today thanks for being here hope you will write about the trial too..
crim 310 said...
Thank you Ritanita for slogging through today and providing us will an amazing summary of the day. I almost bailed when the outburst Lady took the stage. Gosh, we can expect anything to happen in this deadly trial.Today, I saw an uninvolved,detached and bored Casey who swung from catatonic to raucous laughter. There was one prospective juror who seemed to catch her eye. A guy about 25 years old, lives at home etc. Was she flirting with him? Well, It's all grist for the mill as I wing my way to Orlando to pickup my press credentials and embark on the case of a lifetime.
Keep up the good work. I'll be reading you with interest.
Yup, as painful as it was to witness 10 days of jury selection, we have to remember that this is LIGHTNING FAST, by DP standards.
Thank you, as always, ritanita, for an excellent synopsis.
ritanita said...
Thank you all for the lovely comments, you have me blushing. I've been searching for the fate of juror 4123 and haven't figured the mystery out yet. However, the list is correct. For more details check out http://www.cfnews13.com/article/news/2011/may/247698/
FRG said...
ritanita,
You are simply the best! I don't know how you can handle it but you do, thank goodness! LOL
I just can't believe the trial will start this Tuesday, it seems this case ing owing on for an eternity, doesn't it?
I was surprised when HHJP denied the request from the defense for more strikes... oh well!
Can't wait for Tuesday to hear the defense opening statements, the first 3 minutes look promising! NOT!!!
Have a great weekend, get some rest, you so deserve it!
Okay, I finally found out what happened to the last lady juror. After re-listening to part 14 (on WFTV), I heard Linda Burdick (I'm leaving out the Drane nowadays for speed!) say that the state struck her.
I think the defense was surprised too. That might be why Bae looked so perturbed. Thought JP would feel obligated to give it to them. Glad he didn't, enough is enough!


text:
Gerhard Friedrich (* 19. August 1929 in Freiburg im Breisgau; † 28. März 2020 in Groß-Zimmern) war ein deutscher Schauspieler.

Leben
Friedrich absolvierte eine Schauspielausbildung an der Otto-Falckenberg-Schule in München, danach bekam er ein Engagement am Deutschen Theater Berlin, welches mit dem Mauerbau 1961 endete. Zwischen 1965 und 1968 spielte er am Deutschen Schauspielhaus Hamburg unter anderem in Dantons Tod, Der Widerspenstigen Zähmung und Ein Sommernachtstraum. Am Thalia Theater (Hamburg) spielte er von 1965 bis 1980 unter anderem in Hamlet, Kiss me Kate, Maria Stuart und Der Hauptmann von Köpenick. 1972 ging er mit einer Woyzeck-Inszenierung des Goethe-Instituts auf Welt-Tournee. Mit seinem Intendanten Boy Gobert wechselte er 1980 vom Thalia Theater an die Staatlichen Schauspielbühnen Berlin.

Friedrich hatte zudem Engagements an den Münchner Kammerspielen, am Theater am Kurfürstendamm, am Renaissance-Theater und bei den Salzburger Festspielen. An der Berliner Philharmonie wirkte er unter der musikalischen Leitung von Herbert von Karajan in Tosca mit. 2009 trat er unter anderem mit Edith Hancke in der Komödie Herbstzeitlose auf. Als Theaterregisseur inszenierte Friedrich an den Hamburger Kammerspielen und am Thalia-Theater.

Neben der Arbeit am Theater spielte er auch verschiedene Fernsehrollen, häufig Gastrollen in Fernsehserien. Eine seiner bekanntesten Rollen war die des Bernhard Tenstaag, dem Chef des West-Berliner Werkes der Firma Möbel Union, in der Serie Die Wicherts von nebenan.

2008 heiratete Friedrich seine langjährige Lebensgefährtin. Gerhard Friedrich lebte in Berlin.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Theater
 1959: Maxim Gorki: Sommergäste (Samyslow) – Regie: Wolfgang Heinz (Deutsches Theater Berlin)

Hörspiele
 1956: Nâzım Hikmet: Legende von der Liebe (Ferchad) – Regie: Otto Dierichs  (Rundfunk der DDR)

Weblinks

Theaterschauspieler
Filmschauspieler
Hörspielsprecher
Deutscher
Geboren 1929
Gestorben 2020
Mann

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Q: How do you write an IF ELSE inside a SELECT statement in MSSQL 2008? Here is what I am trying to do:
SELECT iif(d.ItemType = 'INVOICE', 0, iif(d.ItemType = 'PACKING', 0, 1)) AS MissingDocuments FROM dbo.DocumentDetails AS D

Unfortunately realized this is not compatible with MSSQL2008. So tried writing an IF ELSE but that also is not working.
SELECT  IF d.ItemType = 'INVOICE'
   0
ELSE
   BEGIN
      d.ItemType = 'PACKING'
      0
   ELSE
      1
   END  AS MissingDocuments
FROM  dbo.DocumentDetails AS D

can you please tell me what am I doing wrong here ?

A: Use CASE ... WHEN. The most concise logic seems to be:
SELECT
  CASE WHEN d.ItemType IN ('INVOICE', 'PACKING') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END
     AS MissingDocuments
FROM dbo.DocumentDetails AS d

i.e. the Document is missing if it isn't 'Invoice' or 'Packing'

A: I think You Looking For Case When
Try This..
SELECT
 case when d.ItemType = 'INVOICE' or d.ItemType = 'PACKING'
 then  0
 ELSE
  1
 END  AS MissingDocuments
FROM  dbo.DocumentDetails AS D

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
WaterWisdom
DTK in News
A Brief Introduction to Lift Irrigation
Though irrigation is an age old science, the discovery and evolution of lift irrigation is recent compared to many other life changing discoveries by human beings. Lift irrigation is being used so commonly in our lives that it might be very hard to believe that in Maharashtra, lift irrigation was introduced in 1960s. Irrigation is a systematic way of providing water to crop in stipulated amounts at regular pre-determined time intervals.
Irrigation is essential to grow crops, vegetables, maintain landscapes etc. throughout the year. Irrigation is a must, especially in dry areas with less than average rainfall. It would not be an exaggeration if one says irrigation is the lifeline of agriculture in any country.
Areas which are topographically located below the water level, irrigation can be driven by the force of gravity itself. Such gravity based irrigation is less labor intensive and financially lean as well. If a region is located above the water level, carrying water to that region by the force of gravity is not possible. Lift irrigation is the only way of getting such regions under irrigation. In lift irrigation, water from the nearby source is lifted using pumps and then distributed to the crop. This method of lifting water using pumping installations and then supplying it to the land is called as lift irrigation.
In this article, we will first have a closer look at irrigation in general and then at lift irrigation.
Why do we need an irrigation system?
Though the nature works on its inherent laws and time frames, a certain factor of uncertainty is always associated with natural phenomena like rain. Rainfall varies not only in its quantity but also in terms of the duration. Due to the topological diversity, some regions receive rainfall much below the average. At such such locations, quantity of rainfall is so meager that they become unsuitable for human habitation for the entire or part of the year.
In such regions, irrigation primarily helps in two manners:
Making water available in the seasons when it is required.
Enabling proper and efficient usage of water which is stored during the rainy season or available from a nearby source.
Irrigation brings in a certainty factor to the availability of water for farming as well as for feeding it to the cattle and live stalk on the farm. As the farmers are moving a step further and planting vegetables and herbs which are not native, irrigation ensures that certain climatic conditions (e.g. moisture) which are essential for the growth of these plants are maintained. In the areas which have proper climatic conditions, farmers can raise two or more crops, which might also include cash crops per year. Irrigation can be effectively used even to fight famines.
Commonly used types of irrigation
Based on how and where the water is delivered, irrigation systems can be classified in 7 commonly used types.
Surface irrigation: In the surface irrigation, water is carried to the crops totally by the gravity and is disturbed across the land surface.
Localized irrigation: This system supplies water to the root zone, which makes it a more efficient irrigation system.
Manual Irrigation: Manual irrigation involves human labor to supply water to the crop in adequate quantity at regular time intervals.
Drip irrigation: Drip irrigation is the most efficient way of irrigation known. This system ensures that water is supplied directly to the roots of the plants and hence, provides maximum benefits with minimum water utilization.
Sprinkler based irrigation: This system makes use of sprinklers which cover a specific radius and sprinkle water onto the crop located in that region. This system can achieve a maximum of 90% efficiency.
Center Pivot and Lateral Move irrigation: These systems work on the gravity and deliver water to the crop or pastures through an overhead canopy.
Sub irrigation: This is an underground mode of irrigation in which water is distributed beneath the ground and absorbed up by the soil and reaches the plant roots.
What is Lift Irrigation?
Illustration: Typical Lift Irrigation Network
Lift irrigation is a mode of irrigation which involves transporting water against the gravity with the help of pumps or surge pools and transported to the location where it is to be used. As mentioned earlier, lift irrigation is comparatively newer form of irrigation and has been introduced in Maharashtra after 1960s.
Since lift irrigation can be adapted at locations which are topographically disadvantaged, government has been aggressively promoting lift irrigation through various schemes. This has enabled farmers to use water from nearby rivers and streams round the year for farming.
Constructing dams and canals is beneficial only to the locations which fall below the water level. For the regions which are above the water level, list irrigation has acted as a boon. In lift irrigation, water is carried from a lower level to a higher level using pumps or other pumping mechanisms. In the state of Maharashtra, a significant portion of irrigated area deploys lift irrigation.
A general irrigation system is combined of two main functionalities:
1. A pumping mechanism to carry the water to a chamber which is located at elevation higher than the land which is to be irrigated.
2. A distribution mechanism which will properly distribute this water to the crop planted in the land. This distribution happens purely by the force of gravity.
Out of these two functionalities, it is comparatively easy to lift the water as it primarily involves selection of right number of pumps of right pumping capacity. The second part is much more complex. Many times, the region which is irrigated comprises of multiple regions located at different distances and at different elevations. Each region will also vary in terms of its size and water requirement. These factors make designing the distribution system a challenging task.
There are two methods which are most commonly used for the distribution of water which is lifted using pumps:
Topography based division: In this method, the topography and land contours are studied thoroughly and the complete area under irrigation is divided in individual blocks. Water requirement for each block is found out. Once we know the available head for that block and its water requirement, pipelines of appropriate sizes are designed. Each block will have its delivery chamber which will have necessary valves and other interlocks in place to control the flow to that particular block. In-spite of detailed study of the terrain and meticulously designed piping, a slight amount of variation exists in the availability of water to different blocks.
2. Equal division: In this method, the area under irrigation is divided in three or four equal parts and each part is given the entire amount of water for one day. This will ensure that every region gets full discharge once in every 3 or 4 days.
Though this method sounds much simpler when compared with the former, ensuring equal water distribution is an equally challenging task even in case of this systems and many alternate models have been proposed.
In the next part of this article, we will have a look at different components of a lift irrigation system and some insights into the actual designing of these systems.
©Copyright DTK Hydronet Solutions, 2019
Water Metering in Water Utility Networks
Pressure Management in Water Distribution Networks
Amidst the ongoing Coronavirus Pandemic, is your drinking water safe?

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Home > Maynard Historical Commission Scavenger Hunt > William B. Case Block (Maynard Outdoor Store)
William B. Case Block (Maynard Outdoor Store)
Now the Maynard Outdoor Store, the former Case Block has a history spanning more than one hundred years. In 1892, William B. Case – a former citizen of Maine who relocated to Maynard, Massachusetts in 1874 – opened a brand-new building for his store, W.B. Case & Sons, Dry Goods. Case and his employees used to conduct transactions via a basket slid along a wire. The customer's money was transferred to the cashier via this contraption; likewise, the cashier returned the receipt and change to the customer.
Specific records chronicling the closing of the store no longer exist; however, it is thought that the Great Depression forced the store into bankruptcy sometime after 1935. An A&P Supermarket – the Wal-mart of WWII – opened in the Case Block in 1942, closing in 1967. Shortly afterward, a store known as Army & Navy Sporting and Camping Equipment opened in the block, a store whose name would eventually become the Maynard Outdoor Store. As the store's website proudly declares, it has been "outfitting Assabet Valley since 1950," drawing customers from all over the county with its helpful staff and friendly neighborhood service.


Foreclosures on AnchorageForeclosedHomes.com in the greater Anchorage area, are homes that have already gone through the foreclosure process and are back on the market. These properties are referred to as REO, Bank Owned, HUD, and foreclosures. In contrast the Bank Owned foreclosures are fairly straightforward and allow for the standard financing, inspection and due diligence period…much like a purchase.


The Hackett Foundation has donated $100,000 to Airborne Research Australia, a not-for-profit Australian research institute that conducts measurements of climate change.
The CSIRO will use drones in its bid to measure and monitor the seas around Australia and also the Southern Ocean.
Can smart cities leverage value from environmental data?


text:
Awards & Recongition
Publicity and Promotions
1114 State Street, Suite 239
Woodbridge Pacific Group Acquires Residential Acreage From Bolthouse Properties In Bakersfield
By Open Line on Sep 16, 2013 at 12:07 PM in Press Room
Bakersfield, Calif. — Woodbridge Pacific Group (WPG) of Mission Viejo has purchased 175 acres from Bolthouse Properties, LLC of Bakersfield. Situated within the Seven Oaks master-planned community in southwest Bakersfield, this land represents the next phase of residential development within Seven Oaks, and is directly south of Grand Island Village at Seven Oaks. WPG Principals Todd Cunningham and Carl Neuss, and Bolthouse President Tony Leggio announced the transaction.
Through Pacific Cascade Group, its land company affiliate, WPG acquired the land that is earmarked for a variety of single-family neighborhoods, with approximately 750 new homes anticipated over a four-year build-out. Development soon to be underway includes a shopping center by Bolthouse Properties; a gated apartment community and an assisted living/memory care facility.
"As a privately held, selective developer/homebuilder with an excellent track record in prime locations, WPG was a natural candidate for the next phase of Seven Oaks' residential development," said Leggio. "We are delighted to work with a company of WPG's caliber, and one that is committed to Bakersfield."
Cunningham said WPG will be the master developer of this next phase, and that he and WPG co-founder Carl Neuss expect to tap local homebuilders for most of the new neighborhoods envisioned here. "Bakersfield was my home from early childhood. Through my years at East Bakersfield High School and Bakersfield Junior College, I developed and maintained many close friendships here, and have often wondered whether I would ever come back home in some fashion," he said. "Now I am, and it's exciting."
Neuss, who has close family ties in California's Central Valley, noted: "The WPG team is most pleased to become part of the Bakersfield community and looks forward to growing our business activities in the Central Valley."
Woodbridge Pacific Group is committed to architecturally distinctive homes in premier locations for move-up and luxury homebuyers. The management team headed by Cunningham and Neuss collectively represents completion of more than 20,000 new homes and some of the most successful master-planned communities in Southern California and the Western states. Also see www.woodbridgepacific.com and www.pcgco.com.
Bolthouse Properties is a diversified development company with retail and commercial projects, and agricultural holdings throughout California. See www.bolthouseproperties.com
© 2023 Open Line Public Relations


Select between Auto and Manual Mode. Auto mode will cause the trays to rotate automatically - approximately 4 seconds on and 4 seconds off. The automatic motion is very effective at catching the attention of a shopper. The natural instinct is to wait to see what will come into view next.
For the viewer, the curiosity about what is in the next tray, and the desire to find the best or pick a favorite are very difficult to dismiss. Reliably a showcase running in the automatic mode will generate more sales than one in manual mode.
When rotating the customer can Pause or Reverse the motion when viewing. When the manual setting is selected the customer must push the switch for the trays to rotate forward or in reverse.


Los Angeles, CA -- Councilmember David Ryu, introduced emergency legislation for City Council to initiate immediate consideration of the Bob and Dolores Hope Estate as a City Historic-Cultural Monument. His emergency motion was passed unanimously (12 - 0) at today's City Council meeting.
While the home has not yet been designated, it has been identified by SurveyLA as potentially historic. Furthermore, a pre-inspection of the Estate has been conducted and is staged for demolition. Councilmember Ryu's office was recently notified of the matter after the posting of the Friday, September 16th City Council Agenda.
Councilmember David Ryu's motion calls for urgent Council action and instructed the City's Planning Department to prepare the appropriate application for review by the Cultural Heritage Commission. Ryu's motion also instructs the Cultural Heritage Commission, upon reviewing the application, to submit its report and recommendations to Council regarding the inclusion of this building to the City's list of Historic-Cultural Monuments.
The Bob and Dolores Hope Estate is located in Council District 4's Toluca Lake neighborhood at 10350 West Moorpark Street. In a report published in January 2013 for the Sherman Oaks-Studio City-Toluca Lake-Cahuenga Pass Community Plan Area, Survey LA has identified the building as a potentially historic residence.
Read SurveyLA's Historic Resources Survey Report for Sherman Oaks-Studio City-Toluca Lake-Cahuenga Pass Community Plan Area, here.
Sherman Oaks, Toluca Lake, Hollywood, Hollywood Hills, Los Feliz, Silverlake, Miracle Mile, Hancock Park, Windsor Square, Larchmont and portions of Koreatown and Van Nuys. He serves as a member of the Los Angeles City Council's Transportation Committee.
It seems a time capsule of the 20th Century's "Sensational Lifestyle". If those walls could talk of celebs who were coupled & partied there. Perhaps the daughter has traumatic memories or they've had the worst, fostered, kept house guests. Mr Hope has referred to people who have lived there with his family.


September promos are off the hook – a family wellness kit for FREE!! Truly, there is something in here for everyone! And now with YL GO, Young Living's version of Amazon prime's Shipping subscription (but better 😍 👌), there is legit no reason to not hop onto Essential Rewards today! So you all ready to learn about these promos?
➕Clove Vitality 5ml (ER exclusive): Let me break it down friends, Clove oil is the most concentrated antioxidant known with an ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) value of over 1,000,000. By comparison the ORAC score for blueberries is only 2,400. 😳 👊 So yeah, we're talking immune system support! Also wonderful to dilute and rub on the gums for oral health. I gave some to my granddaughter for her gums without diluting it, and it was a bit strong, but it sure did numb her gums! Any bakers? Google Clove Oil and fall recipes and you'll come up with lots of fun ways to use Clove Vitality. Aromatically, Clove encourages sleep, stimulates dreams, and creates a sense of protection and courage. Did you know that Clove Oil is found in Deep Relief and Panaway blends? Both of these blends are great to apply before and after activity and for a cooling sensation on the skin. These oils are definitely part of my wellness regimen.
➕Digize 15 ml (ER exclusive): Also comes in Vitality, as the name states, this oil is fantastic for supporting healthy digestion. I often like to tell people that oils are most effective when continuously used and I still stand by that but this oil is instant gratification for most people. Your tummy is feeling off? Overate? Use it and sweet relief within minutes! Some love this directly dropped under their tongue or massaged under the navel on stomach. I prefer to make a capsule with Digize, Peppermint, and coconut oil. I've also have a blend of Digize, Peppermint, and coconut oil in a roller bottle to roll on my tummy if I don't want to make the capsule. Did you know many of Young Living's farms actually use this blend on the soil to encourage good bacterial balance in our farms' dirt!? Cool Right!
➕Inner Defense: I'm so happy about Inner Defense being offered in the September promo because I was planning to order it this month. Now I don't have to! We call this supplement the first responder in our house. When someone needs some immune support and ALWAYS when we travel, we take this. This supplement contains Oregano, Clove (something else with clove!), Thyme, Lemon, Lemongrass, Eucalyptus Radiata, Rosemary, and Cinnamon. It's basically like Thieves but with Oregano and Lemongrass added in. So, the power of Thieves and then some. Pretty much this: 💥 👊= Inner Defense. I also suggest taking with food! Lots of hot oils in there.
➕Thieves Foaming Hand Soap: I use this foaming hand soap in the kitchen and bathroom, so I'm pleased that it's offered this month as a promo! Plant based, gentle and power packed with Thieves, Lemon and Orange essential oils. Contains no sulfates, dyes, synthetic fragrances or harsh chemicals. If you haven't started replacing everyday household items in your home yet, now is the time to do it for free. Young Living is so much more than oils and supplements. The majority of my ER order isn't actually oils – it's life style products! Once you fall in love with this you can order the hand Foaming soap refill and fill her up.
➕Manuka 5ml: Gorgeous skin is never out of season friends. I can't wait to try this oil for my skin. It has very similar properties to tea tree oil, but the aroma is completely different, woodsy and thicker to the touch. Blemish prone skin? This plus our Acne Treatment and you're set. It's also wonderful for a healthy scalp – add a couple drops to your shampoo.
➕ImmuPower 15 ml: 😱 😍 🙌 Is how I feel about this one! Do you guys know what this oil does?!! Okay, so the name pretty much says it but let's break it down. This blend includes, Hyssop, Mountain Savory, Cistus, Camphor, Frankincense, Oregano, Clove (there seems to be a Clove theme here!), Cumin, and Dorado Azul. 😳 That's like half the oils in the Oils of Ancient Scripture Kit (and remember those oils are like raindrop oils – they do all the things) plus some powerhouses like Dorado Azul, Oregano and Cumin Seed oil. Use this daily. Your cells and DNA will thank you!


Etsy (etsy.com), is an online marketplace for handmade goods. I can spend hours in there, just browsing through the most lovely shops. It's an great inspiration place too! Go visit!!
My niece's birthday is coming up and I have made this framed picture with her name on it. She is in a pink/purple period, as she was last year when she turned 8 years old. Who knows when the pink/purple period is ending? Never I hope! I like pink/purple too!
I've got mail from the US yesterday, from Amy. I won some mini cards with envelopes at her blog Amy Elise Designs. Aren't they cool?
She has an Etsy shop too. Make a visit! She makes the most beautiful things!
When Maya was 3 months old we heard her laughter for the first time. It was the most beautiful thing we ever heard!
Maya is eating most of the time.
Her eyes are more clear and alert.
I was going trough my drawers and found my shoes that I wore when I was a baby. Aren't they cute? No, I wasn't born in the '50s! But they sure look very old and vintage. I'm getting so nostalgic when I look back at my childhood. That is one of the things that are so great to have a child. You get a second childhood!
If I had my child to raise all over again, I'd finger-paint more and point the finger less.
I'd take my eyes of my watch, and watch with my eyes.
I would build self-esteem first, and the house later.
you can reach the stars!
Amy Elise Designs are giving away a different stationery item every day this week! I was entering and I won these lovely mini cards with envelopes!! I'm so lucky and happy!
This book shows you the most beautiful workspaces. And it's so interesting to read about the women who have created their studios.
I let the pictures talk for themselves.


We offer Green Moong Dal to our clients. The Dal is hygienically cleaned, dried and processed under the expert guidance of our team members. We provide the product to clients as per their specific requirement at the most affordable market prices, which are best in comparison to the prices offered by other suppliers.
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Weight (Kg) : 1/2 KG.
Paradise Beverages & Foods Pvt. Ltd.
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We have abundant dealers, distributors connected with us to ensure our goods are obtainable for purchasers, and deliveries are made on time. We follow strict warehousing rules and thus we keep the extensive range of products safe in our well-structured warehouse, which is supervised by our team of experts.
BTC offers moong dal or GMB huskless split moong bean in three sizes which includes bold, medium and small sizes. It is also known as huskless split green gram or split green gram skinless. The highly nutritious pulse has mustard to off-white coloured grains.
In order to deliver flawless range of products, we keep stern check on the product development, storage, packaging and delivery. The offered lot is reckoned for its quality and reliability as it is prepared using the best available resources. Also, we make sure that the material is sourced from the certified places.
We are offering moong dal. a no spice namkeen made of fried pulses topped with salt. Very light snack with no spices. Ideal snack for any age group preferring snacks with no-spices. Also available tangy nimboo masala flavour.
Moong Dal It is simple elegant yellow and golden colour namkeen being very Light, Crispy and little salty in taste.It is rich in protein, Low in Fat and serves the appetite of a small child to an 80 yr old.
We are offering fried moong dal. A mouth watering, delicious salty fried moong dal.
We are well known for supplying of wide variety of Moong Dal.
We are offering moong dal - split green gram no spice namkeen made of fried pulses topped with salt. Very light snack with no spices.
We are providing a wide range of pure moong dal, Our moong dal have organic, unpolished with natural color.
Agro Food Products Pvt. Ltd.


text:
2. LEGEND ABOUT KANGDING LIULIU TUNE
3. INHERITANCE OF KANGDING LIULIU TUNE
4. PROPAGATION PATH OF KANGDING LIULIU TUNE
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2022)
Investigation and Research on the Inheritance and Development of Kangding Liuliu Tune
Min Qiu1, *
School of Music and Dance, Sichuan Minzu College, Kangding, China
Corresponding author. Email: gs62766@student.upm.edu.my
Min Qiu
Received 15 April 2022
Revised 27 April 2022
Accepted 14 October 2022
Available Online 21 November 2022
Kangding Liuliu Tune
Inheritance and development
Kangding Liuliu Tune is the creative prototype of the world's top ten love songs "Kangding Love Songs", and it is also a representative Han folk song circulating in the minority areas of Western China. From 18-25 March 2022, the author conducted an 8-day field research on Kangding Liuliu Tune in Nanwu Village and Zhonggu Township, Kangding City, Ganzi Prefecture, China. This article uses semi-structured interviews to interview Mao Yungang, the provincial inheritor of Kangding Liuliu Tune, and explores the historical inheritance and development of Kangding Liuliu Tune by taking the legend, inheritance status, and dissemination development of Kangding Liuliu Tune as research content.
Through the retrieval of CNKI in China, there are a total of 8 articles with Kangding Liuliu Tune as the key word. It is mainly distributed in three aspects: The first is the research on the lining words of Liuliu Tune, Huang Tao's "'Liuliu Tune' from the lining words of the Sichuan folk song 'Kangding Love Song'". The second is the research on the relationship between the creation of "Kangding Love Song" and Kangding Liuliu Tune, Wang Guangrui's "How is Kangding Love Song Possible - The Original Ecology and Derivative Form of Kangding Love Song"; Shi Yong's "From 'Liuliu Tune' to 'Kangding Liuliu City' — On the Popular Creation and Dissemination of Sichuan Folk Song 'Kangding Love Song'"; Meng Yuan's "From 'Liuliu Tune' to 'Kangding Love Song'"; Guo Changping and Chen Dongmei's "WU Wenji and His Kangding Love Song: From a Profound Discussion Between GUO Changping in Ganzi and CHEN Dongmei in Quanzhou". The third is the research on the successor Mao Yungang. There is Li Guiping's "Liuliu Tune Successor Mao Yungang Teaches the Stars to Sing Peasants of the Kangding Love Song". The development and inheritance of Kangding Liuliu Tune is a part that needs further study.
Kangding folks call a type of Han folk songs that contain the lining word "liuliu" as "Liuliu Tune" [1]. "Liuliu" means "zhai liuliu (narrow)", which originates from the geographical environment of Kangding. Because Kangding is sandwiched between two mountains and the flat area is small, it is called "yiliuliu" (meaning a long and narrow area) by the locals. Kangding Liuliu Tune is mainly distributed in Lucheng Town, Yala Township, Yulin Township, Yutong Township, Jintang District and other areas in Kangding. Due to the wide variety of local Tibetan languages, Khampa, Jiarong, Ersu etc., every place has its own language, and it is also an area with the most "local dialects". Different regions have different languages for singing Liuliu Tune. However, there are many people of this Han nationality and other nationalities living together in this area, among which the Han nationality has the largest proportion of the area. So it is greatly influenced by the Han nationality. When singing "Liuliu Tune", it is often expressed in Chinese. Another reason is that Liuliu Tune is a folk song spread to Kangding from the Han region.
According to the field investigation, the most primitive Kangding Liuliu Tune is the form of "long tune" accompanied by "Liuliu Tune", and "long tune" followed by "Liuliu Tune" and the combination of these two melodies is the most original singing method of Kangding Liuliu Tune. Nowadays, the long tune has been gradually lost. When people sing the Kangding Liuliu Tune, they have forgotten to add the form of "long tune" before and sing "Liuliu Tune" directly. There are various singing forms of "Liuliu Tune", mainly divided into single male and female duet, solo, several duet forms, etc. The singing methods have their own characteristics, and people communicate emotionally through such methods.
2.1. Folk Tales About Kangding Liuliu Tune
In the 34th year of Guangxu's reign (1908), the arrow furnace hall was changed to Kangding mansion, and the name of Kangding began from then on [2]. During the investigation, Mao Yungang recounted: Before that, there was Liuliu Tune, but it was after 1908 when it was really called Kangding Liuliu Tune. At that time, there were eight famous stockades in Kangding Lucheng Town. At that time, everyone liked to sing Liuliu Tune whether they were working in the fields, carrying goods in the mountains, or celebrating happy events. At that time, the Liuliu Tune was divided into long tune and short tune. The long tune was melodious and moving, and the short tune was catchy. Kangding Liuliu Tune Lyrics: "跑马山上青松岭,这方有我心上人。天上又下罩子雨,这个姻缘天促成。跑马山上一朵云,端端照在康定城。李家大姐一枝花,张家大哥看上她。李家大姐一枝花,张家大哥看上她。郎才女貌都双全,跑马情歌代代传。(My love is on the Pine Ridge of Riding Mountain. It is raining again and this marriage is destined. There is a piece of cloud above the Riding Mountain, and it is covering the Kangding City. Miss Li is very beautiful and Mr. Zhang admires her. It is because that Miss Li is nice and she is capable to manage household affairs. They are a perfect match. The Riding love song passes on generation by generation.)" In the lyrics, the characters of folk tales are presented.
There are two main legends about the Liuliu Tune in Kangding. The first legend is: in the late Qing Dynasty, a man named Zhang Zicai in Yingjing County came to Kangding to do business with his father who was a caravan. One day, he met Li Guiying, an 18-year-old beautiful woman. Li Guiying is from Beichuan. When she was very young, she came to Kangding with her father to sell jelly, which is now Li jelly in Kangding. By the bank of Zheduo River, the handsome and strong Mr. Zhang and the gentle and affectionate Miss. Li often sing Liuliu Tune and date, resounding in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Another legend is that as early as more than 500 years ago, there was a tailor Zhang (called: Brother Zhang) and a Han girl (called: Sister Li) who sold jelly. The two loved each other, but were opposed by their parents, so could not be married. Their love story touched a local folk artist, who wrote their love story into a love song (that is, Kangding Liuliu Tune) combined with the singing of local folk songs, in order to express people's desire for freedom, happiness and love. Later, it was sung by local people, and gradually derived a variety of singing forms.
2.2. Inheritor of Kangding Liuliu Tune
Mao Yungang, born in 1948, is a native of Nanwu Village, Kangding Lucheng Town. He makes a living by farming and selling vegetables. He liked to sing folk songs since he was a child, and has been singing along with his ancestors for decades. In 2008, he became the first batch of inheritors of the provincial intangible cultural heritage "Kangding Liuliu Tune". He can sing more than a thousand Kangding folk songs, and when he sings, he sees things, sings things, sees people, sings people, and sees scenes, sings scenes. He can sing casually, and is respected as a "love song man" by the neighbors and villagers.
According to Mao Yungang's dictation, the grandfather of Mao Yungang's great ancestor was the person who sang Liuliu Tune the best among the eight stockades in Kangding during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Liuliu Tune is passed down orally in their families and passed down from generation to generation, and it is said that Mao Yungang's generation is the sixth generation. In the 1960s, he originally had a formal job in Kangding City, but because he was too obsessed with singing, and Liuliu Tune was regarded as an extravagant voice, he lost his secure job. But he did not regret it. After returning to the countryside, he worked and sang folk songs. In 1982, in a singing competition in Kangding, he sang Liuliu Tune. Although they were two improvised songs, they were a blockbuster and soon became widely known. In the following 40 years, Mao Yungang insisted on singing Kangding Liuliu Tune.
3.1. Living Inheritance Is the Most Representative Inheritance Method of Kangding Liuliu Tune
In the process of investigation, the inheritance state presented, family-style oral and heart-to-heart teaching, mainly to the immediate family members, is still the most common way of inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. By 2022, the inheritor of Liuliu Tune will be 74 years old. In recent years, the number of people who can sing Kangding Liuliu Tune has not increased, and many of the older generation who can sing have passed away. Now, there are very few people who can sing Liuliu Tune, and the inheritors themselves are worried about the inheritance of Liuliu Tune. At the same time, the inheritors of Liuliu Tune are pure farming personnel. Even if they have a strong will to inherit, the inheritance method is single, the power of inheritance is weak, the opportunity for live inheritance is insufficient, and the frequency of singing is low. These are the status quo of Kangding Liuliu Tune inheritance. Even if Mao Yungang participated in the resource recording of the digital electronic platform of song and dance music in Ganzi Prefecture organized by the government, he has recorded audio and video materials many times due to factors such as recording and retention. The form of an intangible cultural heritage museum is not yet the most ideal way of inheritance, and living inheritance is still one of the most effective ways to pass on Kangding Liuliu Tune.
3.2. Influence of Government Agencies and Local Cultural Environment on the Inheritance of Liuliu Tune
The financial support of the local government and cultural departments, and the formulation of activity plans have a leading role in the inheritance of Liuliu Tune. The funds of the inheritors, the preservation of the materials of the cultural department, the education department to organize intangible cultural heritage activities into the campus, the "Kangding Love Song Festival" held regularly by the cultural tourism festival and other traditional festivals provide space for the inheritance of Kangding Liuliu Tune. In 2006, the Kangding County Cultural Bureau declared Kangding's "Liuliu Tune" as "the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in Sichuan Province", and at the same time promoted Mao Yungang as the provincial inheritor of Kangding's Liuliu Tune, which provided favorable conditions for the protection and inheritance of "Liuliu Tune". Support the inheritors to set up Liuliu Tune singing courses in local primary schools, participate in the intangible cultural heritage music weeks held by local colleges and universities, teach and sing Kangding Liuliu Tune to college students, and open up new fields for the inheritance of Kangding Liuliu Tune, and no longer limit the inheritance to family-style oral and heart teaching, which expands the path of Kangding's Liuliu Tune inheritance. Today, Yala Valley, Yala Township, Kangding County is the "Hometown of Liuliu Tune", and a few people can improvise "Liuliu Tune", and love songs, folk songs and labor songs with "liuliu" as skeleton can be blurted out at any time. The support of the Kangding Municipal Government has allowed more people to hear Liuliu Tune, and it has also given Kangding Liuliu Tune a better soil for inheritance.
Although Kangding is a Tibetan place, it is also a place where Tibetans and Han people live together. The Han culture has a very deep-rooted influence. It is not a purely Tibetan settlement. It is a place where many ethnic groups meet, and except for Tibetans, it mainly includes Yi and Han nationalities. According to Mao Yungang, his family was also Han in the previous generations, and it is obvious that he was a Han who migrated to Tibet from the mainland. The melody of Kangding Liuliu Tune was spread from the Han region to the Tibetan area. Even if there is a saying, it is believed that the Kangding Liuliu Tune was sung from the Yala Township of Kangding. The tea-horse market, the mixed living of ethnic groups, the common prosperity of the ethnic groups, and the blending of ethnic cultures have formed the cultural tolerance of Kangding, so in this place, Liuliu can be passed on. When people heard Kangding Liuliu Tune, the tune still used Chinese. The cultural inclusiveness of the Tibetan area in Kangding has provided the soil for the inheritance of Kangding Liuliu Tune.
3.3. Kangding Liuliu Tune Adheres to the Protection Principles of "Primitiveness" and "Authenticity"
When interviewing and singing with inheritors, the intangible cultural heritage Kangding Liuliu Tune has always adhered to the protection principles of "original" and "authentic", and sang it down in an "original" way. From the time when the inheritor faces the star on TV singing Liuliu Tune and gets excited without accurate singing, People can clearly see the inheritance requirements of the inheritor for authenticity. This requirement sometimes arises spontaneously from a sense of responsibility for yo-yo inheritance. This inheritance of authenticity is a spontaneous behavior, and it just conforms to the important principle of intangible cultural inheritance.
Through Kangding Liuliu Tune, folk songs, national musicals, stage plays, etc. are gradually derived, all of which can play a positive role in the spread of Kangding Liuliu Tune.
4.1. Songwriting Works Derived From Kangding Liuliu Tune
4.1.1. Songs Adapted From Kangding Liuliu Tune
There are many songs adapted from Kangding Yoyo tune. The most famous one is Kangding Love song. Yo yo tune and Kangding Love songs are similar in lyrics and rhythm, but they are quite different in some decorative sounds and singing effects [3]. Being more melodious, gentle and affectionate has become a key difference between Youliu tune and Kangding Love songs, that is, the most important difference between Kangding Love songs and their original folk songs. This is a sentence in the introduction to Kangding Liuliu Tune by the database system of China's Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory. In this introduction, "more melodious and sentimental" has become a key point of difference between Liuliu Tune and Kangding love songs, that is, the main difference between Kangding love songs and their original ecological folk songs. From this, the characteristics of Kangding Liuliu Tune can be summarized as: melodious, tactful and passionate. Of course, "Kangding Love Song" also inherits these characteristics, but the Kangding Liuliu Tune is more melodious and affectionate.
Mao Yungang introduced that there is a circulating version about the creation of "Kangding Love Song": In 1941, Wu Wenji, a music teacher, came to Kangding City. In the spring of 1945, when he was walking along the Zheduo River in Lucheng Town, he overheard a groom humming "Liuliu Tune", and the melodious melody immediately attracted Wu Wenji's attention. Wu Wenji hurriedly stopped the man to write it down. After finishing and processing, it was written as "Kangding Love Song". Wu Wenji originally named this song "On the Horse Hill". About "Kangding Love Song", the textual research conclusion is: There are four stanzas in the lyrics. The first three stanzas were composed and sung by the local people in Kangding. However, in the mountains, it is impossible to sing boldly: I love you, what I love you first, and what I love you second. Therefore, it should be after the May 4th Movement and the New Culture Movement, when the people's minds have been greatly liberated. Free love, when the ethos of men chasing women and women chasing men gradually began, it was possible to produce this song, and it was only possible if this ethos could spread to remote places. There is also a saying: Wu Wenji added in his creation, "The Liuliu women in the world are free to love you, and the Liuliu men of the world are free to beg you". Another saying is that he used a sentence from a poet (the famous Sichuan poet Wu Fangji's "Wan Rong Ci"), "I love the women in the world, and the men in the world are for you" to make the song better.
4.1.2. Singing of Kangding Liuliu Tune and the Compilation and Creation of the Love Song "Kangding Love Song"
The inheritor, Mao Yungang, did not limit the "stage" to his hometown. Whenever he had the opportunity, he would go out and sing Liuliu Tune on a bigger stage, so that Kangding Liuliu Tune would have more opportunities to sing. In the summer of 1988, Mao Yungang sang on Paoma Mountain with Tibetan singer Yadong. Known as the "King of Plateau Singers", Yadong learned Liuliu Tune from the intangible cultural heritage inheritor Mao Yungang. Singer Tan Weiwei made a special trip from Chengdu to Kangding to learn the Kangding Liuliu Tune from Mao Yungang to experience the taste of the original ecology. On the evening of December 25, 2015, the "Kangding Liuliu Tune" intangible cultural heritage project entered Beijing Satellite TV's large-scale cultural heritage program "The Inheritor". In the program, Mao Yungang, representing the only inheritor of Sichuan Kangding Yoyo, sang the original Kangding Liuliu Tune together with the famous singer Gong Linna. However, it is also difficult to sing the Kangding Liuliu Tune. First, because of the change of lifestyle, many young people have a lack of identification with the Liuliu Tune and feel very dirty. Second, it is difficult to learn, especially the long tune.
On the grasslands of Zhonggu Township, Kangding, Mao Yungang sang with his daughter as soon as he finished talking about Liuliu Tune. He sang a solo Kangding Liuliu Tune, and sang a duet with his daughter Mao Yu. When he sings, he often uses Liuliu and Yueer as lining words. He explained: "The dialects in Kangding are roughly the same, and there are words such as duanduan, talented talent, master of the house, and yueer wanwan." The "liuliu" in the first paragraph of the last sentence "跑马溜溜的山上(on the Riding Mountain)" seems to express the appearance of the Riding Mountain, and the "liuliu" in "一朵溜溜的 (a piece of cloud)" seems to represent the scene of clouds flowing in the sky. The "liuliu" in the next sentence "端端溜溜的照在康定溜溜的城 (The cloud is covering on the sky of Kangding City)" seems to have the meaning of "just right" and "fun and playful". The "liuliu" in the second lyric "李家溜溜的大姐人材溜溜的好,张家溜溜的大哥看上溜溜的她 (Miss Li is very nice, and Mr. Zhang likes her)" seems to have the meaning of "smart and lovely" and "handsome and capable". In the third verse of the lyrics, "一来溜溜的看上人材溜溜的好,二来溜溜的看上会当溜溜的家 (First, Miss Li is very nice, and second, she is good at managing household affairs)", the "liuliu" in the lyrics has the meanings of "one-hearted", "very", and "exceedingly diligent". The "liuliu" in the fourth lyric "世间溜溜的女子任我溜溜的爱,世间溜溜的男子任你溜溜的求 (I can love anyone of women in this world, and you can choose anyone of the men in this world)" seems to mean "beautiful girl", "handsome man" and "darling". In the second and third paragraphs, the word "talent" in "good talent" repeatedly emphasized in the second and third paragraphs, in "the Han people in the mainland used to call it 'beautiful', and the Tibetan language said 'Dasha' (that is, beautiful). Only in Kangding and other places where the Tibetan and Chinese are combined, people used to call girls' beautiful as' talents' [4]. Although "Liu Liu" in the lyrics of the fourth paragraph has no clear meaning, it is not a function word without real meaning, but a flexible meaning, which activates and deepens the theme and connotation of the song everywhere, and makes the scenery, things, people and feelings of Kangding more vivid and vivid before our eyes [5].
After singing the song, Mao Yungang sighed: "Nowadays, the 'Kangding Love Song' adapted from Kangding Liuliu Tune has been adapted into many versions, rock, rap... Few have retained the original flavor, it sounds weird, and the singing won't last long!" It can be seen that the adapted singing of Kangding Liuliu Tune makes the inheritor Mao Yungang worried, and he hopes to inherit the original Kangding Liuliu Tune.
The "Kangding Love Song" adapted from the Kangding Liuliu Tune has become one of the top ten love songs in the world, and was selected as one of the 100 Chinese songs of the United Nations' world folk songs. With the singing of "Kangding Love Song", its influence in China and foreign countries gradually increased. At that time, the United States wanted to launch artificial satellites to the sky to find the voice of the universe, and recorded 10 world folk songs, including all kinds of human voices, languages, and going aliens to find alien voices. Only 1 of the 10 world folk songs is Chinese, that is, "Kangding Love Song", so it was later said that Kangding Love Song is a cosmic song. People can say that Kangding Love Song is the real No. 1 love song in China. However, this "Kangding Love Song" evolved from the ancient Liuliu Tune of Ganzi Prefecture. It is this Liuliu Tune from a Han village in Yala Township, Kangding that became the main melody of "Kangding Love Song".
About the story of "Kangding Love Song":
Wu Zhengqian, Wu Wenji's vocal teacher, premiered "Kangding Love Song" at the concert. Before the performance, the name was still "On the Riding Mountain". Before the performance, he invited Jiang Dingxian to arrange the numbered musical notation as an accompaniment. Jiang Dingxian changed the song title to "Kangding Love Song" when composing it.
Therefore, the standard record in the 1940s was called "Kangding Love Song". Of course, and there were also parentheses below it, "On the Mountains Running Horses", and then "Xikang Folk Songs, composed by Jiang Dingxian". This is the very standard version of "Kangding Love Song". Wu Zhengqian's "Kangding Love Song" in the concert did not cause uproar. Jiang Dingxian later invited his classmate Yu Yixuan to sing. The coloratura soprano sang "Kangding Love Song" at her solo concert in Nanjing, which became a repertoire in her singing career. At the beginning of liberation, UNESCO appointed Yu Yixuan as the special envoy of vocal music investigation, and sent her to Europe to study music, and held solo concerts in various places. Yu Yixuan sang "Kangding Love Song" to foreign countries and regions and held concerts in Italy, Germany and other places. This Sichuan folk song, which was finally named "Kangding Love Song", was pushed to the music stage of China and the world. In the 1970s, "Kangding Love Song" was launched with the spacecraft ("Voyager 2" in the United States), and in the 1990s, it was listed by UNESCO as one of the ten most influential folk songs in the world [6].
The people of Kangding respect these literati who have had a great influence on the spread of Kangding love songs. Wu Wenji and Yu Yixuan have become honorary citizens of Kangding. Kangding love songs are sung all over the world. Such a big impact is inseparable from the other three honorary citizens of Kangding City, the world's three famous tenor singers: Pavarotti, Domingo and Carreras. "Domingo once sang 'Kangding Love Song' in the Great Hall of the People." This is to acknowledge their contribution to the spread of "Kangding Love Song".
4.2. National Musicals, National Operas and Other Creative Works
In January 2017, the large-scale national musical "Kangding Love Song" produced by the Ganzi National Song and Dance Troupe was officially staged at the Southwest Theater in Chengdu, funded by the National Art Fund. In March 2022, another national art fund project, the national opera "Kangding Love Song", will be directed by Liao Changyong, president of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, and composed by Prof. Zhou Xianglin of the Department of Composer and Conducting and Prof. Ding Ying of the High School Affiliated. The creation and performance of national musicals and national operas are giving Kangding Liuliu Tune a new life. Against the background of the new era, Kangding Liuliu Tune is able to keep pace with the times and achieve the role of dissemination.
As a traditional folk song, Kangding Liuliu Tune is also a provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritance project. It not only inherits the traditional music and cultural connotation of Liuliu Tune, but also presents the life status and historical changes of Kangding people. In the process of inheritance and dissemination of Kangding Liuliu Tune, the creation and innovation of works, and the diversification of inheritance and dissemination methods are also the era imprint of the Kangding Liuliu Tune. The fact that Han folk songs circulated in Tibetan areas can be inherited and sung, and can go to the world, shows the inclusiveness of all ethnic groups in China and the characteristics of the diversified development of music culture. However, as an intangible cultural heritage, the "original nature" and "authenticity" of the inheritance of Kangding Liuliu Tune are the most important principles of inheritance. The creation of art works and the support of the national fund are all the support from the outside world for dissemination of Kangding Liuliu Tune, so that the representative folk songs such as Kangding Liuliu Tune can be inherited and developed, which is inseparable from the joint efforts of government departments, schools, inheritors and performance groups.
Educational reform project of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission (19070) — Research on the reform of characteristic teaching materials for music and dance major from the perspective of application-orientated universities for nationalities: Taking Sichuan Minzu College as an example.
Huang Tao. Having a Limited View of Liuliu Tune from Sichuan Folk Song – Kang Ding Love Song [J]. Explorations in Music, 2009(02). (in Chinese)
Yong Tao. Kangding's Historical Position in the Ancient Tea Horse Road and Its Revival in the New Era [J]. Jounal of Sichuan Minzu College, 2016(10). (in Chinese)
Changping Guo, Dongmei Chen. WU Wenji and His Kangding Love Song: From a Profound Discussion Between GUO Changping in Ganzi and CHEN Dongmei in Quanzhou [J]. China Literature and Art Criticism, 2019(08). (in Chinese)
Yaohua Wang. Chinese Folk Music [M]. People's Music Publishing House, Shanghai Music Publishing House, 2008: 184. (in Chinese)
Yong Shi. From "Liuliu Tune" to "Kangding Liuliu City" – On the Popular Creation and Dissemination of Sichuan Folk Song "Kangding Love Song" [J]. Music Communication, 2017(02). (in Chinese)
Aizhou Duan. Artistic Embodiment of National Music in Music Aesthetics [J]. National Music, 2021(04). (in Chinese)
AU  - Min Qiu
TI  - Investigation and Research on the Inheritance and Development of Kangding Liuliu Tune
BT  - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2022)
ID  - Qiu2022
%T Investigation and Research on the Inheritance and Development of Kangding Liuliu Tune
%A Min Qiu
%V Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2022)
%F Qiu2022
@inproceedings{Qiu2022,
title={Investigation and Research on the Inheritance and Development of Kangding Liuliu Tune},
author={Min Qiu},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2022)},


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