text:
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Phpfastcache\Drivers\Arangodb;

use ArangoDBClient\AdminHandler;
use ArangoDBClient\Collection as ArangoCollection;
use ArangoDBClient\CollectionHandler as ArangoCollectionHandler;
use ArangoDBClient\Connection as ArangoConnection;
use ArangoDBClient\ConnectionOptions as ArangoConnectionOptions;
use ArangoDBClient\Document as ArangoDocument;
use ArangoDBClient\DocumentHandler as ArangoDocumentHandler;
use ArangoDBClient\Exception as ArangoException;
use ArangoDBClient\ServerException as ArangoServerException;

use Phpfastcache\Cluster\AggregatablePoolInterface;
use Phpfastcache\Core\Item\ExtendedCacheItemInterface;
use Phpfastcache\Core\Pool\ExtendedCacheItemPoolInterface;
use Phpfastcache\Core\Pool\TaggableCacheItemPoolTrait;
use Phpfastcache\Entities\DriverStatistic;
use Phpfastcache\Event\Event;
use Phpfastcache\Event\EventReferenceParameter;
use Phpfastcache\Exceptions\PhpfastcacheDriverConnectException;
use Phpfastcache\Exceptions\PhpfastcacheDriverException;
use Phpfastcache\Exceptions\PhpfastcacheLogicException;

/**
 * Class Driver
 * @property Config $config
 * @property ArangoConnection $instance
 * @SuppressWarnings(PHPMD.CouplingBetweenObjects)
 */
class Driver implements ExtendedCacheItemPoolInterface, AggregatablePoolInterface
{
    use TaggableCacheItemPoolTrait;

    protected const TTL_FIELD_NAME = 't';

    protected ArangoDocumentHandler $documentHandler;
    protected ArangoCollectionHandler $collectionHandler;

    /**
     * @return bool
     */
    public function driverCheck(): bool
    {
        return \class_exists(ArangoConnection::class);
    }

    /**
     * @return bool
     * @throws ArangoException
     * @throws PhpfastcacheDriverConnectException
     */
    protected function driverConnect(): bool
    {
        $connectionOptions = [
            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_DATABASE => $this->getConfig()->getDatabase(),
            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_ENDPOINT => $this->getConfig()->getEndpoint(),

            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_CONNECTION  => $this->getConfig()->getConnection(),
            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_AUTH_TYPE   => $this->getConfig()->getAuthType(),
            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_AUTH_USER   => $this->getConfig()->getAuthUser(),
            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_AUTH_PASSWD => $this->getConfig()->getAuthPasswd(),

            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_CONNECT_TIMEOUT => $this->getConfig()->getConnectTimeout(),
            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_REQUEST_TIMEOUT => $this->getConfig()->getRequestTimeout(),
            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_CREATE        => $this->getConfig()->isAutoCreate(),
            ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_UPDATE_POLICY => $this->getConfig()->getUpdatePolicy(),

            // Options below are not yet supported
            // ConnectionOptions::OPTION_MEMCACHED_PERSISTENT_ID => 'arangodb-php-pool',
            // ConnectionOptions::OPTION_MEMCACHED_SERVERS       => [ [ '127.0.0.1', 11211 ] ],
            // ConnectionOptions::OPTION_MEMCACHED_OPTIONS       => [ ],
            // ConnectionOptions::OPTION_MEMCACHED_ENDPOINTS_KEY => 'arangodb-php-endpoints'
            // ConnectionOptions::OPTION_MEMCACHED_TTL           => 600
        ];

        if ($this->getConfig()->getTraceFunction() !== null) {
            $connectionOptions[ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_TRACE] = $this->getConfig()->getTraceFunction();
        }

        if ($this->getConfig()->getAuthJwt() !== null) {
            $connectionOptions[ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_AUTH_JWT] = $this->getConfig()->getAuthJwt();
        }

        if (\str_starts_with($this->getConfig()->getAuthType(), 'ssl://')) {
            $connectionOptions[ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_VERIFY_CERT] = $this->getConfig()->isVerifyCert();
            $connectionOptions[ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_ALLOW_SELF_SIGNED] = $this->getConfig()->isSelfSigned();
            $connectionOptions[ArangoConnectionOptions::OPTION_CIPHERS] = $this->getConfig()->getCiphers();
        }

        $this->eventManager->dispatch(Event::ARANGODB_CONNECTION, $this, new EventReferenceParameter($connectionOptions));

        $this->instance = new ArangoConnection($connectionOptions);
        $this->documentHandler = new ArangoDocumentHandler($this->instance);
        $this->collectionHandler = new ArangoCollectionHandler($this->instance);

        $collectionNames = array_keys($this->collectionHandler->getAllCollections());

        if ($this->getConfig()->isAutoCreate() && !\in_array($this->getConfig()->getCollection(), $collectionNames, true)) {
            return $this->createCollection($this->getConfig()->getCollection());
        }

        return $this->collectionHandler->has($this->getConfig()->getCollection());
    }

    /**
     * @param ExtendedCacheItemInterface $item
     * @return null|array
     * @throws PhpfastcacheDriverException
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function driverRead(ExtendedCacheItemInterface $item): ?array
    {
        try {
            $document = $this->documentHandler->get($this->getConfig()->getCollection(), $item->getEncodedKey());
        } catch (ArangoServerException $e) {
            if ($e->getCode() === 404) {
                return null;
            }
            throw new PhpfastcacheDriverException(
                'Got unexpeced error from Arangodb: ' . $e->getMessage()
            );
        }

        return $this->decode($document);
    }

    /**
     * @param ExtendedCacheItemInterface $item
     * @return bool
     * @throws ArangoException
     * @throws PhpfastcacheLogicException
     */
    protected function driverWrite(ExtendedCacheItemInterface $item): bool
    {
        $options = [
            'overwriteMode' => 'replace',
            'returnNew' => true,
            'returnOld' => false,
            'silent' => false,
        ];

        $document = new ArangoDocument();
        $document->setInternalKey($item->getEncodedKey());
        $document->set(self::DRIVER_KEY_WRAPPER_INDEX, $item->getKey());
        $document->set(self::DRIVER_DATA_WRAPPER_INDEX, $this->encode($item->getRawValue()));
        $document->set(self::DRIVER_TAGS_WRAPPER_INDEX, $item->getTags());
        $document->set(self::DRIVER_EDATE_WRAPPER_INDEX, $item->getExpirationDate());
        $document->set(self::TTL_FIELD_NAME, $item->getExpirationDate()->getTimestamp());

        if ($this->getConfig()->isItemDetailedDate()) {
            $document->set(self::DRIVER_CDATE_WRAPPER_INDEX, $item->getCreationDate());
            $document->set(self::DRIVER_MDATE_WRAPPER_INDEX, $item->getModificationDate());
        }

        return $this->documentHandler->insert($this->getConfig()->getCollection(), $document, $options) !== null;
    }

    /**
     * @param ExtendedCacheItemInterface $item
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function driverDelete(ExtendedCacheItemInterface $item): bool
    {
        $options = [
            'returnOld' => false
        ];

        try {
            $this->documentHandler->removeById($this->getConfig()->getCollection(), $item->getEncodedKey(), null, $options);
            return true;
        } catch (ArangoException) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function driverClear(): bool
    {
        try {
            $this->collectionHandler->truncate($this->getConfig()->getCollection());
            return true;
        } catch (ArangoException) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws PhpfastcacheDriverConnectException
     * @throws ArangoException
     */
    protected function createCollection($collectionName): bool
    {
        $collection = new ArangoCollection($collectionName);

        try {
            $params = [
                'type' => ArangoCollection::TYPE_DOCUMENT,
                'waitForSync' => false
            ];

            $this->eventManager->dispatch(Event::ARANGODB_COLLECTION_PARAMS, $this, new EventReferenceParameter($params));

            $this->collectionHandler->create($collection, $params);

            $this->collectionHandler->createIndex($collection, [
                'type'         => 'ttl',
                'name'         => 'expires_at',
                'fields'       => [self::TTL_FIELD_NAME],
                'unique'       => false,
                'sparse'       => true,
                'inBackground' => true,
                'expireAfter' => 1
            ]);
            return true;
        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
            throw new PhpfastcacheDriverConnectException(
                sprintf(
                    'Unable to automatically create the collection, error returned from ArangoDB: [%d] %s',
                    $e->getCode(),
                    $e->getMessage(),
                )
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param ArangoDocument $document
     * @return mixed
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function decode(ArangoDocument $document): mixed
    {
        $value = [
            self::DRIVER_KEY_WRAPPER_INDEX => $document->get(self::DRIVER_KEY_WRAPPER_INDEX),
            self::DRIVER_TAGS_WRAPPER_INDEX => $document->get(self::DRIVER_TAGS_WRAPPER_INDEX),
            self::DRIVER_DATA_WRAPPER_INDEX => \unserialize(
                $document->get(self::DRIVER_DATA_WRAPPER_INDEX),
                ['allowed_classes' => true]
            ),
        ];

        $eDate = $document->get(self::DRIVER_EDATE_WRAPPER_INDEX);
        $value[ExtendedCacheItemPoolInterface::DRIVER_EDATE_WRAPPER_INDEX] = new \DateTime(
            $eDate['date'],
            new \DateTimeZone($eDate['timezone'])
        );

        if ($this->getConfig()->isItemDetailedDate()) {
            $cDate = $document->get(self::DRIVER_CDATE_WRAPPER_INDEX);
            if (isset($cDate['date'], $cDate['timezone'])) {
                $value[ExtendedCacheItemPoolInterface::DRIVER_CDATE_WRAPPER_INDEX] = new \DateTime(
                    $cDate['date'],
                    new \DateTimeZone($cDate['timezone'])
                );
            }

            $mDate = $document->get(self::DRIVER_MDATE_WRAPPER_INDEX);
            if (isset($mDate['date'], $cDate['timezone'])) {
                $value[ExtendedCacheItemPoolInterface::DRIVER_MDATE_WRAPPER_INDEX] = new \DateTime(
                    $mDate['date'],
                    new \DateTimeZone($mDate['timezone'])
                );
            }
        }

        return $value;
    }

    public function getStats(): DriverStatistic
    {
        $rawData = [];

        $rawData['collectionCount'] = $this->collectionHandler->count($this->getConfig()->getCollection(), false);
        $rawData['collectionInfo'] = $this->collectionHandler->get($this->getConfig()->getCollection());

        try {
            $adminHandler = new AdminHandler($this->instance);
            $rawData['adminInfo'] = $adminHandler->getServerVersion(true);
            $infoText = \sprintf(
                '%s server v%s "%s" edition (%s/%s).',
                \ucfirst($rawData['adminInfo']['server']),
                $rawData['adminInfo']['version'] ?? 'unknown version',
                $rawData['adminInfo']['license'] ?? 'unknown licence',
                $rawData['adminInfo']['details']['architecture'] ?? 'unknown architecture',
                $rawData['adminInfo']['details']['platform'] ?? 'unknown platform',
            );
        } catch (ArangoException $e) {
            $infoText = 'No readable human data, encountered an error while trying to get details: ' . $e->getMessage();
        }

        return (new DriverStatistic())
            ->setData(implode(', ', array_keys($this->itemInstances)))
            ->setInfo($infoText)
            ->setRawData($rawData)
            ->setSize($rawData['collectionCount']);
    }

    public function getConfig(): Config
    {
        return $this->config;
    }
}


Bill & Ted Face the Music, the third saga in titular duo's excellent adventures and bogus journeys, finally has a release date.
We've been hearing this thing might get made since 2012. It reportedly had a greenlight almost a year ago, but that obviously didn't turn out to be the case, seeing as the movie still has been filmed.
Like… who are Billie and Thea?
Will it be most excellent or totally bogus?


text:
How a Vungle-owned mobile marketer sent Fontmaker to the top of the App Store
3 Sep 2021 • 1 min read
An app goes viral on social media, often including TikTok, then immediately climbs to the top of the App Store where it gains even more new installs thanks to the heightened exposure. That's what happened with the recent No. 1 on the U.S. App Store, Fontmaker, a subscription-based fonts app which appeared to benefit from word-of-mouth growth thanks to TikTok videos and other social posts.
Tesla ordered to share Autopilot data with the US traffic safety agency
The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has ordered Tesla to hand over detailed Autopilot data by October 22nd or else face fines of up to $115 million, according to
TechNepal 3 Sep 2021 • 1 min read
Apple announces new settlement with Japan allowing developers to link to external websites
Apple has made a settlement with Japanese regulator that it will allow developers of "reader" apps link to their own website for managing users account. The change goes to effect

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Being a caregiver for a loved one can be very challenging, physically and emotionally. But the experience can also be rewarding: It can nourish and inspire you, and deepen your connection. I felt the highs and the lows during my years as a caregiver for my wife, Alisha.
We met on a rainy October day 8 years ago, at a coffee shop in downtown Manhattan. Alisha was new to the U.S. from India and working long hours in a stressful job. No friends or family were nearby to support her. When her car got rear-ended on a highway off-ramp, she took a few days off and then rushed back to work before she was fully recovered. Persistent pain and fatigue later forced her to go on disability.
I didn't know what caregiving was then; I just knew she needed help. Before long I had moved in. On bad days, she was bedridden with constant pain. I gave her massages, heat packs and topical pain patches. I took care of our house and drove her everywhere, including to endless appointments with specialists who couldn't put the pieces together. Finally, we were told it was fibromyalgia, a complex, long-term disorder that causes widespread pain.
I spent a lot of time taking care of Alisha in those days, and I wouldn't have had it any other way. But truthfully, it wasn't easy. I had to balance her care with traveling to meet clients and deliver work. I was also her only emotional support, and sometimes keeping her spirits up was a challenge.
I'm sure many of you can relate to our story. Being a caregiver for a loved one is a central and demanding fact of life. It's estimated that 65 million Americans are informal or family caregivers for someone who is ill, disabled or aged. And they spend an average of 20 hours a week tending to them.
Caregivers have many responsibilities, among them taking care of daily needs, giving emotional support and dealing with the health care system. Finding the time to do whatever has to be done on top of your job or other obligations is tough.
All those demands are intensified by the judgments and pressures that caregivers often heap on themselves: I have to do this myself; otherwise I'm not doing all I can. I shouldn't enjoy myself while my loved one is suffering. My needs come second because I'm not the one who's sick. As a result, caregivers often fail to take care of their own needs.
It's important to remember that in a caregiving situation, there are two people under stress, not one. In order for the relationship to be effective and sustainable, both individuals must take steps to manage that stress. To be the best caretaker for your loved one, you've got to give yourself permission to take care of yourself.
Have realistic expectations of yourself. Decide how much time you can commit and still maintain your balance. Determine other resources in your family or community that can contribute.
Accept and respect your own emotions. Caregiving can trigger a range of feelings, some expected and some less so. This is completely natural; there's no "right" way to feel. Just allow yourself to feel the way that you do, without judging yourself, shutting out negative feelings or acting on them immediately.
Create moments of connection. Find activities that you can enjoy with your care recipient. A sense of humor and an appreciation for small joys can go a long way to raise spirits and strengthen relationships.
Make time to do what nourishes you. What do you do that refreshes your mind and spirit? By making time for these things, we bring a more positive mindset to our caregiving role.
Don't assume you have to do it alone. Find someone who can give you encouragement and a caring second opinion, whether it's a friend or caregiver support group. We can be hard on ourselves, and the voice of a kind and objective person is invaluable. If at any time you feel overwhelmed, reach out to a professional. See the end of this article for caregiver resources.
One thing that was so helpful to Alisha and me during this time was mindfulness, the practice of staying present to what's happening right here and now in an open and accepting way. Mindfulness practice allowed us to separate our fears, judgments and assumptions from what was actually going on. It also helped us take advantage of the many opportunities for caring, connection and humor that present themselves every day.
We meditated together every morning (and still do). This allowed us to simply be together for a time just as we were, without any expectations. Throughout the day, we checked in with each other ― not just about what needed to be done, but also to listen and acknowledge what's going on. I came to realize that giving your full undivided attention to another person, even for a moment, is a great gift and profoundly healing.
Andy Lee and other business leaders share the benefits of mindfulness for professionals.
Alisha and I got married a year after our first date. We've had many ups and downs, but she's doing much better now. She still has pain at night, but her energy is back.
To be your best as a caregiver, remember two things: Prioritizing your own wellbeing will also benefit your loved one. And when things get challenging, try to come back to what's happening in the here and now. That is all we need to work with: one day, one moment at a time.
Ableto. This Aetna partner offers counseling and coaching programs for caregivers via videochat.
Caregiver Action Network. Targeted information and resources for specific caregiving situations: chronic conditions, disability, Alzheimer's, children with special needs, wounded soldiers and more.
Family Caregiver Alliance. Connects family caregivers with educational programming, support groups and local resources.
TelaDoc for Caregivers. This Aetna partner allows members to speak to a licensed doctor by web, phone or mobile app about family members they care for.
Andy Lee is Aetna's chief mindfulness officer. In this role, he seeks to create a more mindful culture within the company through education and program development. He has several certifications in mindfulness training and gives regular workshops in the Fairfield County, Connecticut, area.


text:
Into the Enchanted Chamber — дебютный полноформатный студийный альбом шведской пауэр-метал-группы Timeless Miracle,  выпущен 27 июня 2005 года на лейбле Marquee/Avalon в Японии и на Massacre Records в Европе.

На японском издании альбома присутствует бонус-трек «Church of the Damned».

Художественное оформление альбома выполнил известный шведский художник Маттиас Норен (Mattias Norén) из компании ProgArt Media, работавший также с Kamelot, Epica, Evergrey, Stratovarius, Ayreon и другими.

Список композиций
 Curse of the Werewolf — 7:15
 Witches of Black Magic — 4:24
 Into the Enchanted Chamber — 6:07
 The Devil — 5:30
 The Red Rose — 5:43
 A Minor Intermezzo — 1:21
 Return of the Werewolf — 4:55
 Memories — 4:15
 The Gates of Hell — 4:21
 Down to the Gallows — 5:46
 The Dark Side Forest — 00:47
 The Voyage — 14:10
 Church of the Damned (Japanese bonus) — 04:38

Участники записи
 Микаэль Хольст — вокал/бас-гитара
 Фредрик Нильссон — клавишные/гитара
 Стэн Моллер — гитара
 Хайме Салазар — ударные

Приглашённые музыканты
 Нина Кристенсен — скрипка (3)
 Майкл Рикбо — бэк-вокал (7)
 Понтус Линдмарк — гитара

Примечания

Альбомы пауэр-метала
Альбомы Massacre Records

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We want to include as many research articles as we can for your reference so if you know of any please send them to us to add here to help everyone become informed to protect themselves and their families. Please submit via our contact form - and thank you, in advance, for contributing to our knowledge base!
Environmental Health Perspectives, Elise Gould, Mar. 21, 2009: "Childhood Lead Poisoning: Conservative Estimates of the Social and Economic Benefits of Lead Hazard Control"


text:
Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Глаго́лев (1872, Тульская губерния — 1937, Киев) — протоиерей, священнослужитель Русской православной церкви, богослов. Друг и соратник протоиерея Михаила Едлинского.

Биография

Образование и магистерская диссертация

Родился  в селе Покровское Тульской губернии в семье священника, происходившего из потомственных дворян Тульской губернии — согласно записи о военной службе. Окончил Тульскую духовную семинарию (1894) и Киевскую духовную академию (1898) со степенью кандидата богословия. В 1898—1899 гг. — профессорский стипендиат Киевской духовной академии. За работу «Ветхозаветное Библейское учение об Ангелах» с 1900 года — магистр богословия. В отзыве профессора А. А. Олесницкого говорилось, что магистерская диссертация Глаголева представляет собой труд, отличающийся богатством содержания, тщательностью и глубиною исследования всех пунктов ветхозаветной ангеологии, основательным знакомством с библиологическою литературою… и может считаться действительным вкладом в нашу богословскую литературу, не имевшую доселе ни одного серьёзного исследования по ангеологии.

По словам протоиерея Александра Меня, Глаголев в своей диссертации дал очерк истории ангелологии, а также проанализировал все наименования ангелов в Писании в связи с происхождением терминов сыны Божии, серафимы, херувимы и проч. В работе Глаголева содержится и история библейской демонологии. Автор не мог воспользоваться данными по истории религий Древнего Востока, которырыми располагает современная наука, но высказал ряд ценных соображений, подчас предвосхитив выводы современной библеистики. Раскрытие темы у Глаголева неотделимо от критики спорных гипотез, которые высказывались западными учеными.

Учёный и преподаватель
С 1899 года — и. д. доцента Киевской духовной академии по кафедре древнееврейского языка и библейской археологии. С 1900 года — доцент Киевской духовной академии. С 1906 года — экстраординарный профессор Киевской духовной академии (с 1910 — по 2-й кафедре Священного Писания Ветхого Завета). Пользовался авторитетом среди коллег, которые избрали его в сентябре 1907 года ректором академии на первых выборах ректора (ранее ректоры назначались, однако в 1906 году правом их избрания были наделены советы академий). Однако Святейший Синод не утвердил этого решения совета академии, утверждая, что возглавлять академию должен представитель монашествующего духовенства.

Знал 18 древних и новых языков (в конце жизни, будучи уже пожилым человеком, изучал итальянский язык). Входил в состав Комиссии по научному изданию славянской Библии, участвовал в издании Православной богословской энциклопедии, публиковал статьи в церковных журналах. Один из авторов комментариев к «Толковой Библии», выходившей под редакцией А. П. Лопухина и его преемников — для этого издания написал комментарии на 3-ю и 4-ю книги Царств, книги Товита, Притчей, Песни Песней, пророков Наума, Аввакума, Софонии, Аггея и на Соборные Послания.

Священник Александр Глаголев и еврейский вопрос
В 1905 году активно противодействовал еврейскому погрому в Киеве. Редактор издания «Русский Глобус» (Чикаго) Геннадий Меш так писал в 2002 году об этой деятельности Глаголева:Жестокой осенью 1905 года зуд погромов и убийств снова выплеснул людей на улицы. В разъярённую человеческую массу в полном облачении с крестом и хоругвями в руках вторгается небольшой крестный ход. Возглавляют его настоятели православных храмов Александр Глаголев и Михаил Едлинский. Через Контрактовую площадь и Гостиный ряд крестный ход направляется к еврейским лавчонкам. Настоятели увещевают толпу не заниматься этим злым, нехристианским делом. Кое-кто узнаёт своих наставников, снимает шапки. Толпа колеблется, редеет, постепенно расходится. И так было не раз.

В 1909 году опубликовал работу «Ветхий Завет и его непреходящее значение в христианской церкви», в которой резко критиковал попытки антисемитски настроенных авторов дискредитировать Ветхий Завет. Он был привлечён к предварительному следствию по «делу Бейлиса» в качестве эксперта по вопросу об употреблении иудеями человеческой крови. В своей экспертизе заявил, что закон Моисея из Ветхого Завета запрещает пролитие человеческой крови и употребление её в пищу. Талмуд и другие документы иудейских раввинов этот закон не отменяют и не смягчают. Таким образом, экспертиза отца Александра была аргументом в пользу противников версии о ритуальном убийстве.

Пастырская деятельность
В 1903 году был рукоположён во иерея, с 1914 года — протоиерей. По данным Бориса Соколова, во время Первой мировой войны некоторое время служил полковым священником Каргопольского драгунского полка. В полковом архиве имеется запись, согласно которой отец Александр числился в полку с 20 сентября 1914 года, 1 января 1915 года приказом по 9-й армии № 670 награждён орденом Святой Анны 3-й степени (списки офицеров полка по старшинству). Однако, там же содержатся сведения, противоречащие общеизвестным данным об отце Александре, так согласно полковому журналу 1915 года: он поименован иереем, отчество его указано как "Васильевич", а дата рождения – 15 августа 1877 года, кроме того указано образование – "окончил Тульскую семинарию по 2-му разряду".

Служил в киевском храме Николы Доброго. Священник Сергей Сидоров так вспоминал о своей первой встрече с отцом Александром в храме Николы Доброго во время Гражданской войны: В храм вошёл небольшого роста священник с длинными прядями волос, слегка согбенный. Его лицо озарял особый свет. Он как бы ушёл в радость молитвы и мира. Я не разглядел сразу черт его лица, но эта радость тихого мира сразу привлекла меня к нему. Священник подходил к ликам святых и просил у них молитвы. Он, кланяясь ликам, как бы брал у них благословение. Я никогда и ни у кого не видел такого яркого восприятия иного мира, как у него. Мне ясно стало, что в храме всё живо, и образа глянули на меня живыми глазами.

После прихода к власти большевиков продолжал служить в храме Николы Доброго. Когда храм был закрыт, с 1935 года служил в храме Николая Набережного. В первой половине 1920-х годов продолжал неофициально читать лекции студентам академии, а после ареста в 1923 году ректора академии, епископа Василия (Богдашевского), фактически исполнял его обязанности. После окончательного прекращения занятий в академии в 1924 году преподавал на богословско-пастырских курсах.

В начале 1930-х годов был выселен из дома, поселился в маленькой комнатке на площадке деревянной лестницы, которая вела на церковную колокольню. В 1931 году был арестован по обвинению в принадлежности к «Истинно-православной церкви», в течение полугода находился в заключении в Лукьяновской тюрьме. Внучка отца Александра, Магдалина Глаголева-Пальян, вспоминала:
К дедушке в церковь стекалось множество народа из разных районов города, а также приезжих из других мест. Своим умом, чистотой сердца, любовью ко всем, дедушка привлекал к себе самых различных людей. Многие потом шли к нему домой, невзирая на тесноту помещения и неудобный подход к жилищу. В основном приходили за утешениями, за духовной и материальной помощью. Старожилы Киева, прихожане храма Святого Николая Доброго — Зинаида Дмитриевна Янковская, Федорова Евгения Климентьевна и другие — вспоминали, как он утешал страждущих, молился за больных и поддерживал павших духом.

Отец Александр и Михаил Булгаков
Глаголев был хорошим знакомым семьи Булгаковых. Отец писателя, профессор Киевской духовной академии Афанасий Иванович Булгаков, был старшим коллегой отца Александра по этому учебному заведению и прихожанином храма Николы Доброго. Отец Александр в 1913 венчал Михаила Булгакова и его первую супругу Татьяну Николаевну Лаппа.

Священник Александр Глаголев стал прототипом отца Александра из романа «Белая гвардия». Это единственный персонаж романа, выведенный под собственным именем, причём именно как священник храма Николы Доброго. В начале романа Алексей Турбин, в тяжёлое для него время — после похорон матери, приходит за утешением именно к отцу Александру. Священник вступает в беседу с Алексеем: Уныния допускать нельзя, — конфузливо, но как-то очень убедительно проговорил он. — Большой грех — уныние… Хотя кажется мне, что испытания будут ещё. Как же, как же, большие испытания, — он говорил всё увереннее.

В конце романа к Алексею Турбину приходит больной поэт, бывший богоборец, которого к нему как к врачу направил отец Александр.

Последний арест и гибель
20 октября 1937 года был арестован, обвинён в членстве в «фашистской организации церковников» и вновь заключён в Лукьяновскую тюрьму. По свидетельству другого заключённого, священника Кондрата Кравченко, Глаголева допрашивали 18 раз, причём во время ночных допросов его заставляли часами стоять с запрокинутой головой. По официальной версии, 25 ноября 1937 года он скончался в тюрьме, «от уремии и сердечной недостаточности».

Похоронен в общей могиле на Лукьяновском кладбище, где, спустя много лет, родственники поставили ему памятник — крест с аналоем и евангельским текстом «Блаженны изгнани правды ради».

Семья
 Жена — Зинаида Петровна (? — 9 декабря 1936), урождённая Слесаревская, дочь заведующего библиотекой Киевской духовной академии.
 Дети:
 Алексей (1901—1972), священник, участвовавший в спасении евреев в Киеве во время Великой Отечественной войны; в 1992 году Алексей Глаголев и члены его семьи были удостоены звания Праведника мира от израильского института Яд ва-Шем;
 Сергей;
 Варвара.

Память

Мемориальная доска
30 января 2002 года к столетию протоиерея Алексея Глаголева на стене Киево-Могилянской академии (ул. Волошская, д. 8/5, корп. 5) установлена мемориальная доска, посвящённая священникам Александру и Алексею Глаголевым.

Прославление в лике святых
3 апреля 2019 года Священным Синодом Украинской Православной Церкви был прославлен в лике местночтимых святых Киевской епархии как священномученик. Также решением Синода был внесен в список Собора святых Киевской духовной академии.

Труды
 Основные черты ветхозаветного библейского учения об ангелах. (Речь пред защитою диссертации на степень магистра богословия: «Ветхозаветное библейское учение об ангелах. Опыт библейско-богословского изследования») («Труды Киевской духовной академии». Киев, 1900. Том 3).
 Ветхозаветное библейское учение об Ангелах: (Опыт библейско-богословского исследования). Киев, 1900.
 Древнееврейская благотворительность. Киев, 1903.
 Ветхий Завет и его непреходящее значение в христианской Церкви. Киев, 1909.
 Левиты и Левиино колено: Реферат, предложенный в заседании церковно-исторического и археологического общества при Киевской Духовной Академии 27 октября 1910 г. Киев, 1912.
 3акон ужичества или левиратный брак у древних евреев. (Библейско-археологический очерк) (Киев, 1914).
 Купина неопалимая. (Очерк библейско-экзегетический и церковно-археологический) (Киев, 1914).
 Книга Левит: (Библиологический очерк). Киев, 1915.
 Купина Неопалимая. Сборник. Киев, 2002.
 Проповеди
 Слово в Великий пяток на вечернем богослужении, пред плащаницей. О жизненном единении христианина со Христом Спасителем («Труды Киевской духовной академии». Киев, 1905. Том 2).
 Слово в день рождения Благочестивейшего Государя Императора Николая Александровича, Самодержца Всероссийскаго, 6 мая 1915 года («Труды Киевской духовной академии». Киев, 1915. Том 3).
 Слово в день памяти св. Равноапостольной Марии Магдалины и тезоименитства Государыни Императрицы Марии Феодоровны, 22 июля 1907 года. О христианском призвании и служении женщины («Труды Киевской духовной академии». Киев, 1907. Том 2).
 Слово в день Богоявления или Крещения Господня. О духе и сущности истинно христианского просвещения. Киев, 1915.
 О любви к Богу: Из Творений святителя Иоанна Златоуста: Проповедь 26 января 1927 г. М., 1996.

Примечания

Литература

 Глаголева-Пальян М. А. Воспоминания об Александре Александровиче Глаголеве // Егупец. — 2001. — № 8. — С. 311—338.
 Записки священника Сергея Сидорова. — , 1999.

Ссылки
 Сайт, посвящённый семье Глаголевых
 Биография
 Биография
 О чём молчат архивы? Обзор следственного дела священника Александра Глаголева
 Глаголевы-праведники
 Исчезнет меч, а звёзды останутся
 О деле Бейлиса

Протоиереи Русской православной церкви
Выпускники Тульской духовной семинарии
Выпускники Киевской духовной академии
Профессора Киевской духовной академии
Борьба с антисемитизмом в Российской империи
Дело Бейлиса
Похороненные на Лукьяновском кладбище
Авторы Православной богословской энциклопедии


text:
The Free Library > Communications > News, opinion and commentary > The Advocate (The national gay & lesbian newsmagazine) > February 27, 2007
The Free Library > Date > 2007 > February > 27 > The Advocate (The national gay & lesbian newsmagazine)
Gray Matters.
<a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Gray+Matters.-a0159593373
MLA style: "Gray Matters.." The Free Library. 2007 Liberation Publications, Inc. 16 Jan. 2021 https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Gray+Matters.-a0159593373
Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. Gray Matters.." Retrieved Jan 16 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Gray+Matters.-a0159593373
APA style: Gray Matters.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 16 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Gray+Matters.-a0159593373
In lieu of personalities, the characters in the new film Gray Matters have lists. Lists of their likes and dislikes, their favorite films and foods, list upon list proffered so often that they seem to be filling out a questionnaire instead of making actual conversation. In particular, Heather Graham's character, Gray, is looking for "someone who doesn't think Ginger Rogers is one of the Spice Girls, someone who wouldn't consider going to Florida 'traveling,' someone who's not afraid to try Ethiopian food." What Gray fails to mention, perhaps because she doesn't yet realize it, is that this someone ought to be a woman--preferably her brother's new wife (Bridget Moynahan), whose comely looks and tendency to watch TV while wearing an evening gown make her just the thing to uncork Gray's repressed sexuality. Throw in some TV actors (Molly Shannon and Ed star Tom Cavanagh) as well as some gay faves (Alan Cumming and The L Word's Rachel Shelley) and you've got a new breed of gay romantic comedy: one where every lesbian is lipstick and sexuality is as inoffensive as the wacky coworker struggling with Weight Watchers.
Despite the gay twist and the semistale cultural references (Spice Girls? Really?), writer-director Sue Kramer obviously hopes to pattern her film after the classic screwball comedies from the '40s: The banter is snappy and fast, the characters bond over Till the Clouds Roll By, and there are even two sustained ballroom dance sequences. Unfortunately, the classic movie fetish isn't exactly novel in this genre--who can forget Rosie O'Donnell admonishing the Cary Grant-obsessed Meg Ryan in Sleepless in Seattle with "You want to be in love in a movie"? As for the banter, it's less Bringing Up Baby and more Gilmore Girls--not a bad thing per se, but one that brings to mind a Graham more adept at verbal curlicues than this one. I've got to say that Rollergirl is actually improving as a comic actress. Her hem and haws and squeaks can't help but be endearing, but she appears so unconvinced by the majority of her lines that the trickier bits (like the blithe acknowledgment of her late-in-life sexuality) come off as implausible.
And oh, what a waste of Sissy Spacek, who appears in two scenes as Graham's therapist, Dr. Sydney. Doc Syd is given to unconventional methods of therapy--like conducting sessions while bowling or rock climbing. It is as if she came straight out of the wacky sitcom the film might originally been conceived as. Graham is at home in these scenes with her klieg-light wholesomeness and Sex and the City-derived delivery, but Spacek looks embarrassed to be there, almost seeming to be hiding behind her Amazonian costar. To watch Spacek whisper her lines, hunch over, and clumsily heave a bowling ball is to crawl inside yourself with mortification.
Perhaps she didn't realize what she was getting into--for all its trappings, Gray Matters is conventional to the max. Much like the actors in its dance sequences, the film hits all the right steps, yet still can't help but feel like it's simply going through the motions.
COPYRIGHT 2007 Liberation Publications, Inc.
Buchanan, Kyle
The Advocate (The national gay & lesbian newsmagazine)
Toys.
Rock Bottom.
No clowning around.
Surviving Bullies Workbook.
Bad vibrations? Ultrasound disturbs mouse brains.
Open space: coping with your office's gray boxes.


What can you folks tell me about lemierre's syndrome?
Caused by fusobacterium necrophilus.. Initial presentation is like Streptococcus pharyngitis but ASLO negative.
And rapidly transforms into complication - Intravascular clots, etc.
Metronidazole and high dose penicillin used for treatment. Not very common, I think.
Clots in the internal jugular vein.. is fibrynolitic therapy indicated?
It seems that the clot dissolves itself when the infection heals, so only antibiotic therapy is indicated.


Among the various international cuisines available in Singapore, Japanese cuisine has been one of the more popular cuisines for many years. Japanese restaurants, in particularly Japanese restaurants that specializes in Japanese rice bowls, have been popping up all around Singapore.
Following its success at its Paya Lebar Square and Square 2 outlets, Kei Kaisendon has recently opened a new outlet at Suntec City Mall.
Pictures of the restaurant's signature kaisendon fill the walls of the restaurant, the white florescent lights and white walls make the small restaurant appear larger.
Kei Kaisendon offers 10 kaisendon bowls with various toppings and 12 add-on/side dishes to complete your meal.
Kei Signature Kaisen Don [$12.90 for Small (90g), $16.90 for Regular (150g), $19.90 for Large (220g)] is the restaurant's premium all-in kaisendon. Thick slices of tuna, salmon, mackerel, yellowfin, scallop, squid and prawn lie on top of a bed of Japanese rice, accompanied by pickled ginger and wasabi. This is the first time I am seeing cucumber being used in kaisendon, perhaps to make up for its dismal amount of seafood. Topping the kaisendon with salmon roe is a nice touch but the wakame (seaweed salad) is a little redundant. The seafood should be fresh since I didn't get any food poisoning but the prawn and scallop are bland.
Aburi Mentaiko Kaisen Don [$17.90] consists of the same ingredients as Kei Signature Kaisen Don, with the addition of mentaiko mayonnaise sauce which is flamed to give a little smokiness. The prawn and scallop still lacks the sweetness that it should have, but the mentaiko sauce lends a rich creaminess to the dish.
After having the best tamagoyaki in Tsukiji Market (please read about it here), the Tamago Mentaiyaki [$1.90 for 1 piece] just doesn't cut it. The Japanese egg omelette itself is not soft and eggy enough. The flamed mentaiko sauce that tops the tamago, though tasty by itself, overpowers the subtle sweetness of the egg omelette.
Unagi [$3.80] is well-cooked, but I am pretty sure this is not freshly-grilled but probably packed unagi cooked in an oven. There is a little too much unagi sauce and the end of the tail is a little burned.
Those who don't have the time to visit the outlets at Square 2, Paya Lebar Square can order Kei Kaisendon through food delivery service honestbee.
In my honest opinion, Kei Kaisendon is good enough for those who just want a quick meal, but the prices are little expensive for the quality and quantity. If you are into kaisendons you should definitely give Teppei Syokudo in Millenia Walk a try. They have one the most value-for-money kaisendon ever.


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Home National	African buffalo spotted in Omaheke
African buffalo spotted in Omaheke
WINDHOEK, 08 MAY – The sighting of an African buffalo in the Omaheke Region has impelled the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry to send out an urgent notification, restricting the movement of animals and animal products in the restricted areas.
The Directorate of Veterinary Services received a report of the buffalo on 07 May this year.
"All areas, farms and neighbouring farm units in Eiseb, Otjinene, Rietfontein and Epukiro are hereby declared as restricted areas where cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and any cloven animal and their products may not be moved into and out with immediate effect," reads the notification, dated 07 May 2018.
A team of veterinary and wildlife officials have been deployed to these areas to track down the buffalo with the purpose of terminating it.
Chief Veterinary Officer, Milton Maseke stated in the announcement that intensified disease surveillance activities in vulnerable livestock populations by veterinary officials have commenced in accordance with existing protocols.
The notice also informs members of the public that the issued veterinary movement permits originating from the restricted areas have been cancelled and the ministry has set up road blocks at strategic points to ensure compliance with the applied measures.
However, the movement of processed products is allowed into and out of the restricted areas.
"Movement of all processed ready to eat products such as sour milk, dry slated biltong, cheese, butter, yoghurt and other ready to eat products is allowed into and out of the restricted areas," said Maseke.
The measures have been implemented in line with the provisions of the Namibian Animal Health Act 1 of 2011, which forbids African buffalo outside national parks.
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We learned another new partner math game this week called High Roller. This is an easy one to play at home. Each child needs a dice. They roll their dice at the same time. The person who has the higher number calls out their number. If you get the same number - high five your partner!


The astute reader will have noticed a certain preponderance of quotations from one particular travel writer here, namely the author of The Third Tower Up From the Road. This is no coincidence.
Send us your favorite travel quotations!


text:
The government's anti-communist task force is confident that the newly-appointed National Security Adviser (NSA) will back its peace and development efforts.
Emmanuel Salamat, executive director of the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC), expressed optimism that NSA Secretary Eduardo M. Año will intensify the efficient delivery of the task force's services.
"As someone who already had the privilege to serve under Secretary Año's leadership, I am certain that he will be a boon to the National Task Force. Both as Chief of Staff and DILG Secretary, he had already proven that he values the efficiency of an organization above anything else," Salamat said.
"With the National Task Force's success in peace and security efforts, it is time to further strengthen and double our delivery of development programs and projects, and I know that he will never let us down," the Executive Director added.
Salamat said the NTF-ELCAC is honored to work with Secretary Año, who is a decorated military man and former Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
He also served as Interior Secretary under the Duterte administration.
"We are all honored and humbled as Secretary Año joins the NTF-ELCAC in its effort to institutionalize the Whole-of-Nation and Whole-of-Government Approach as its new Vice Chairman," Salamat emphasized.
"We pledge our support to his leadership as we pursue lasting peace and prosperity for the Filipino People," he said.
The NTF-ELCAC projects the dismantling of all remaining guerilla fronts within this year.
Zamboanga Del Sur LGU, NTF-ELCAC provide 'good life' to FRs to facilitate community reintegration
NTF ELCAC's BDP impacts remote barangay in Zamboanga de Sur


The Old Man of Coniston is a fell in the Furness Fells in the English Lake District. It is 2,634 feet (803 m) high, and lies to the west of the village of Coniston and the lake of the same name, Coniston Water. The fell is sometimes known by the alternative name of Coniston Old Man, or simply The Old Man. The mountain is popular with tourists and fell-walkers with a number of well-marked paths to the summit. The mountain has also seen extensive slate mining activity for eight hundred years and the remains of abandoned mines and spoil tips are a significant feature of the north east slopes. There are also several flocks of sheep that are grazed on the mountain.


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A lottery is a form of gambling in which a person's name and/or numbers are drawn for the chance to win a prize. Some governments outlaw lotteries while others endorse and regulate them. Regardless of the legal status of lotteries, people who don't have a lot of money usually don't play them.
Lotteries in the Low Countries were first recorded in the 15th century
The first recorded lottery was held in the Low Countries around 1445, with tickets offering prizes of money. Towns held public lotteries to raise money for the poor, fortifications, and other projects. The lottery may have been older than we thought, because records mention a town lottery in L'Ecluse, France, on May 9, 1445. In that lottery, 4,304 tickets were sold for a prize of 1737 florins (about US$170,000 today).
Lotteries were common in the Netherlands in the 17th century. They were popular with the public, raising money for everything from building a church to helping the poor. The lottery grew immensely in popularity and was praised by many as a painless taxation method. In fact, the oldest lottery still exists today in the Netherlands, where it is called the Staatsloterij. It is named after the Dutch noun "lottery," which means "fate."
National lotteries are exempt from European Union laws
While national lotteries are exempt from European Union gambling laws, some aspects of their operation remain subject to EU laws. This includes privacy and advertising rules. Anti-money laundering rules are also applicable to lotteries. Although these regulations were initially focused on the financial sector, they have since expanded to include all types of gambling activities, including charity lotteries. The good news is that many member states are allowed to exempt their national lotteries from these laws.
A national lottery is exempt from certain European Union laws, but the total prize value is limited to EUR5,000 per draw. The Minister of Finance can set the prize amount, and the lottery may also use its proceeds to help charitable causes. Some national lotteries have even supported Olympic celebrations.
People with low incomes don't play the lottery
In the United States, people with low incomes don't play the lotto as often as those with higher incomes do. This is because the majority of lottery tickets are bought in urban areas. Many people who play the lottery view it as a way out of poverty and to find a purpose in life. In fact, 1 in 5 Americans think that winning the lottery will help them build a nest egg.
Interestingly, lottery players tend to reduce their spending on necessities in order to buy a ticket. They shift 3% of their spending on food and 7% of their money on other bills. While lottery winnings are not very common, lottery players have high odds of winning the jackpot.
Lotteries on the Internet are a growing threat to this policy
Governments have long imposed sin taxes on vices, such as alcohol and tobacco, in the hopes of raising revenue. But while gambling can be a socially harmful addiction, its ill effects are far less extreme than those of alcohol and tobacco. The main problem is that people adopt vices for their own pleasure, and lottery gambling provides an incredibly exciting fantasy of a life-changing jackpot. Despite these risks, lottery gambling remains a relatively harmless form of entertainment.


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This booklet constitutes the completely refereed complaints of the 3rd overseas convention on Arts and expertise, ArtsIT 2013, held in Milano, Bicocca, Italy, in March. the nineteen revised complete papers provided have been rigorously chosen and reviewed from 31 submissions and are equipped in topical sections on: artwork and know-how in motion, song and know-how in motion, reflecting on artwork and expertise, figuring out the creative perform, and on the boundaries.
The Arts of Citizenship in African towns pushes the frontiers of ways we comprehend towns and citizenship and gives new views on African urbanism. Nuanced ethnographic analyses of existence in an array of African towns light up the emergent infrastructures and areas of belonging in which city lives and politics are being forged.
Книга The Beaded backyard: growing vegetation with Beads and Thread The Beaded backyard: developing flora with Beads and Thread Книги Сад / огород Автор: Diane Fitzgerald Год издания: 2005 Формат: djvu Издат.:Interweave Press Страниц: 128 Размер: 4,3 Mb ISBN: 1931499551 Язык: Английский0 (голосов: zero) Оценка:Using needle and thread, crafters of all ability degrees can create a veritable greenhouse of beaded plant life from the styles during this ebook. Beaders and gardeners alike will take pleasure in those tasks that use brick, peyote, web, and herringbone stitches, in addition to right-angle weave and mixture stitches, to create an excellent bouquet of beaded plants. directions for leaves and stems are incorporated to remodel each one bloom right into a amazing piece, ideal for dressing up domestic decors and unique events. as well as greater than 25 blossom styles, together with water lilies, poppies, orchids, and roses, whimsical insect styles populate this eternal backyard. a bit on beading fundamentals brings novices up to the mark, and a gallery of pros' creations conjures up destiny initiatives. The transparent directions and diagrams make those such a lot tender creations obtainable and enjoyable for beaders trying to upload new ideas and sparkle to their repertoire.
Diese Einführung macht mit den zentralen Forschungsfeldern der Kunstgeschichte in Theorie und Praxis bekannt. Sergiusz Michalski präsentiert die Kunstgeschichte als eine eng mit anderen geisteswissenschaftlichen Fächern verbundene Disziplin. Er gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Kunstgeschichte und stellt ihre wichtigsten Methoden vor. Dabei orientiert er sich in erster Linie an den bestimmenden Kategorien und Begriffen des Faches, die anschaulich erklärt, aber auch kritisch hinterfragt werden. Die abschließenden Kapitel zum Begriff von unique und Kopie sowie zur kunsthistorischen Auffassung von Kitsch und Meta-Kitsch antworten auf die aktuellen Herausforderungen der Kunstgeschichte durch die Medienwissenschaften und eine neue Kunstauffassung und Bildästhetik. Exemplarische Bildbeispiele erleichtern das Verständnis.
Cozy, flattering pants could be not easy to makeâ??but theyre tremendous to put on. during this publication, David Coffin offers his artistic, sure-fire equipment for buying it right.
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Discover the some distance edges of what's attainable with "the new origami." The items are awesome, however the folding recommendations use uncomplicated triangles and squares, pyramids, and cubes. grasp spiral designs, multi-pointed stars, 9-sided reward containers, and 12-sided gyroscopic whirligigs. extra tricky designs invite you into the outer-space international of stars with starbeams and 8-sided alien craft, whimsical crows within the grass, stunning nested containers, and sculptured reward containers.
The e-book is a realistic consultant for making ten beaded necklaces, bracelets and jewelry. It contains over 50 transparent and descriptive diagrams, rigorously detailing each step of the method.


I don't think there was anything to fix up or change. Well, if there is, then let me know and I'll get on it. That said, enjoy the complete volume of the Gun x Sword comedy gag manga. IIRC, I think there was another random manga made at some point. Unsure if it was more silly stuff or serious or whatever. In any case, do enjoy. See ya!


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Category Archives: sculpture of india
Ajanta Caves : some glimpses of sculptures
Deep cut or excavated caves in the Aurangabad district of Maharastra in Western India are the now well-known Ajanta Caves. Made into a 75 metre wall of rock, between 2nd century B. C and 5th century A.D these caves are a marvel in art, sculpture and rock-cut architecture. The earliest caves are believed to have been excavated during the Satavahana period and belong to the Hinayana tradition of Buddhism. During the reign of King Harisena (r. 460-478 A.D) of the Vakatakas, whose feudatories and minister supported the "sangha", the Mahayana Buddhists contributed to over 20 impressive cave excavations at Ajanta. These were embellished with mural art, sculpture and great architecture. The caves are cut into a mountain wall above the Waghora river.
View of Ajanta Caves, 2nd century B.C to 5th century A.D, Maharashtra.
The architecture of the caves were customised to the monastic needs of the Buddhists to include assembly halls, living quarters and spaces for meditation. A few caves are from the pre-Vakataka period. Some glimpses from sculptural marvels from the caves are showcased –
Cave 1 – Made under Harisena, this cave has an elaborate carved facade, with relief sculptures on the entablature and ridges, and most surfaces embellished with decorative carving. There are scenes carved from the life of the Buddha, animals, as well as a number of decorative motifs.
Frieze, Cave 1, Ajanta.
Cave 4 – This cave is squarish, with a large image of the Buddha in preaching pose flanked by bodhisattvas and celestial nymphs hovering above. It consists, of a verandah, a hypostylar hall, sanctum with an antechamber and a series of unfinished cells. This monastery is the largest among the Ajanta caves and it measures nearly 970 square metres.
Buddha and bodhisattvas, Cave 4, Ajanta.
Cave 6 – It is two storeyed monastery made up of a sanctum, a hall on both levels. The lower level is pillared and has attached cells, the upper hall too has subsidiary cells. The sanctums on both level feature a Buddha in the teaching posture. The Miracle of Shravasti and Temptation of Mara is depicted in the lower level walls. Only the lower floor of cave 6 was finished. The unfinished upper floor of cave 6 has many private votive sculptures, and a shrine Buddha.
Cave 7 – a monastery of a single storey having a sanctum, a hall with octagonal pillars, and eight small rooms for monks. The sanctum Buddha is shown in preaching posture. There are many art panels narrating Buddhist themes. This cave has a grand facade with two porticos. The veranda has eight pillars of two types. One has an octagonal base with amalaka and lotus capital. The other lacks a distinctly shaped base, features an octagonal shaft instead with a plain capital. The veranda opens into an antechamber. On the left side in this antechamber are seated or standing sculptures, those of 25 carved seated Buddhas in various postures and facial expressions, while on the right side are 58 seated Buddha reliefs in different postures, all on lotuses.
Buddhas, antechamber, Cave 7, Ajanta.
Cave 19 – This structure was completed during the Vakataka rule which which is grand chaitya hall. It has a courtyard with attached cells. It has an elaborate facade and a single entrance to the cave having a portico with pillars. It has a circular window with lot of decoration around the opening. There are decorated pilasters and cornices. The grid has many sculptures, mostly Buddha figures. There is Naga group on the facade.
Entrance, Cave 19, Ajanta.
Naga group, facade of Cave 19, Ajanta.
Entrance sculptures, Cave 19, Ajanta.
Cave 9 – This cave has a distinct apsidal shape. The aisle has a row of 23 pillars. The ceiling is vaulted. The stupa is at the center of the apse, with a circumambulatory path around it. The stupa sits on a high cylindrical base. It is a chaitya or worship halls from the 2nd to 1st century B.C, the first period of construction, reworked upon at the end of the second period of construction in the 5th century. Many sculptures adorn the facade, mostly Buddha images.
Cave 9, entrance, Ajanta.
Cave 9, Buddha with Ananda, Ajanta.
Cave 9, apsidal hall with stupa, Ajanta.
Cave 11- It is monastery and the cave veranda has pillars with octagonal shafts and square bases. The ceiling of the veranda shows evidence of floral designs and eroded reliefs. The center panel is of the Buddha seen with votaries lining up to pray before him.
Exterior, Buddha with a devotee, Cave 11, Ajanta.
Elephant, Cave 16, Ajanta.
Cave 26 – It is a worship hall or chaitya, with elements of a vihara design. The interior view of the cave gives a general appearance of a Mahayana vihara. An inscription states that a monk Buddhabhadra and his friend minister serving king of Asmaka, gifted this large cave. It has two upper stories and four wings of the cave were planned, but these were abandoned and only the carved Buddhas on the right and left wall were completed. The cave consists of an apsidal hall with side aisles for circumambulation . This path is full of carved Buddhist legends, three depictions of the Miracle of Sravasti in the right ambulatory side of the aisle, and seated Buddhas in various mudras. At the center of the apse is a rock-cut stupa with an image of the Buddha in front, 18 panels on its base, 18 panels above these, a three tiered torana above him. On top of the stupa is a nine-tiered harmika, a symbolism for the nine samsara in Mahayana cosmology. The walls, pillars, and brackets are intricately carved with Buddhist themes.
Entrance, Cave 26.
Side shrines, Cave 26, Ajanta.
Reliefs, Cave 26, Ajanta.
Column designs, Cave 26, Ajanta.
Chaitya hall with stupa, Cave 26, Ajanta.
The enshrined Buddha is sitting in the pralambapadasana posture, with his legs down, maybe representing Maitreya, the future Buddha.
View, Chaitya hall with stupa, Cave 26, Ajanta.
Stupa, Cave 26, Ajanta.
Capitals, Cave 26, Ajanta.
Aisle, Cave 26, Ajanta.
Pariniravana of the Buddha, Cave 26, Ajanta.
The art of ancient India/Huntington, Susan,L,New York : Weatherhill, 1985.
Images from Wikimedia commons
This entry was posted in Ajanta, art history of India, asian art, Buddha, Buddhist art, Chaitya, sculpture of india and tagged Ajanta, Buddha, Buddhist art, Caves, Chaitya, sculpture on June 21, 2019 by historyreads.
Mathura art : varied images from ancient India
Mathura is a bustling city in Uttar Pradesh in present day India. The region has a long history of human occupation. Great art has been created there under different patronages by different dynasties who ruled the area from ancient times. This genre of art which grew around the town of Mathura, an important city in central northern India since Mauryan times and which has been differently known as Madhura, Madhupuri, Madhuban and Mathula. It is believed that the demon Madhu is the founder of the city. His son lost it to Shatrughna, brother of Lord Rama. Mathura is the birthplace of Lord Krishna and has been a centre for art, religion and literature. It is debated that the first image of Lord Buddha was created here. Lord Buddha visited Mathura twice. and Buddhism flourished here.
Standing Buddha, Mathura, India, 1st century AD, Sikri sandstone – Fitchburg Art Museum, U.S.A
Around 70 B.C the Indo-Greeks occupied this area for a century, while the Sunga dynasty stayed eastward of Mathura. The art which developed around the region started with sculptures of the yakshas,yakshis; earthly divine beings dating to 2nd-1st century B.C during the Mauryan rule. These sculptures showed Greek influence. The Indo-Scythian rule happened under the northern satraps under Rajuvula who had taken over from the Mitra dynasty which had come to power around 70 B.C. The Rajuvula dynasty recorded their events on the Mathura lion capital. The capital has two lions and the Buddhist triratna symbol at the centre within a flame palmette, which is again Hellenistic in character. The art of Mathura is a blend of Indian art of Bharhut and Sanchi and Gandhara art with the use of Hellenistic motifs. The images of yakshas, yakshis, nagas, Bodhisattvas and Lord Buddha, several forms of Tirthankaras and the Hindu pantheon of Gods and Goddesses have contributed to this art school. Pre-Mauryan burnt clay or terracotta figurines from 4th century B.C have been found of the Mother Goddess. One can find amorous couples from the 2nd to 1st century.
The Mathura lion capital, British Museum, London.
During Mauryan times folk art representations like huge yakshas, yakshis, Kubera figures have been found, though not very refined in form.The Sunga period sculptures were not very refined too with a lack of emotion on the face, heavy ornamentation, flat features, fluffy one-sided turban with a crest are seen. Basement stones, pillars, gateways with both secular and religious themes are found. The worship of the Buddha are denoted by sacred symbols only.
Roundel with the head of a nobleman, Mathura, 1st-2nd century A.D, pink sandstone, Honolulu Academy of Arts,U.S.A
Emperor Kaniska I of the Kushana dynasty issued the first known representation of Lord Buddha on a coin. He also depicted Maitreyi Buddha and Shakyamuni Buddha. Mathura art incorporated many Hellenistic elements like curly hair, folded garment, covering of only one shoulder given India's climate Gandhara influence on the art is also seen especially in the Bacchanalian scenes, statue of Heracles strangling the lion. From the Kusana period focus was on stone sculpting, during 1st century to 3rd century wherein the range grew and artists mingled with foreigners and all religions flourished together. Lord Buddha is the human form was generated in stone during the Kushana empire; drapery was seen having folds, the women had beautiful expressions on their faces. The Jataka stories were also being depicted during the time.
Sibi Jataka, 2nd century, Mathura, Indian Museum, Kolkata.
The art of Mathura has seen many upheavals along with political currents. Many objects and sculptures have been found in and around the region with archaeologists like Alexander Cunningham and F.S Growse recovering many during excavations. The Chinese traveller Fa-Hien, came to Mathura in 4th century A.D and mentions twenty monasteries along both sides of the river Yamuna. They are now seen in the form of mounds; Kankali Tila, Saptarsi Tila, Jail Tila among others.
Bodhisattva, 2nd century, Mathura, Musee Guimet, Paris.
The Hindu art at Mathura started to develop from the 1st century to 2nd century B.C. The Hindu deities were well represented. Also explicit and stylised images of women. Yaksha worship was an ancient cult and an inscribed one has been found at Parkham village of Mathura. The Gupta rule between 325 AD to about 600 A.D saw the finest sculptures produced with transparent drapery, love and beauty got depicted, light ornaments, straight nose, curved eyebrows and thick lips were seen. From the 7th century, a general decline happened with the art of Mathura.
Vishnu statue from Mathura, 5th century, Gupta period.,Uttar Pradesh State Museum, Lucknow.
Manibhadra, "yaksha" from Parkham, 3rd to 2nd century, Mathura.
Frieze with Worshippers from Mathura, Uttar Predesh, India, c. 150 A.D, sandstone, Norton Simon Museum, California, U.S.A
Lord Vishnu with ayudhapurushas, Mathura.
Owl depicted in an exhibit, Mathura art, San Diego Museum of Art, California, USA.
Sculpture, Gupta period, 4th to 5th century A.D, Mathura art, Linden-Museum, Germany.
Bhutesvara yakshis, Mathura, 2nd century A.D, Indian Museum, Kolkata.
Masterpieces of Mathura Museum/Jitendra Kumar, New Delhi : Sundeep Prakashan, 2002.
This entry was posted in art history of India, Mathura, Mathura Art, sculpture of india and tagged ancient indian art, art history of India, indian sculpture, Mathura, Mathura Art, sculpture of india on May 8, 2019 by historyreads.
Srirangam : sculptural grandeur and glory
Tiruchirpalli or Trichy; Trichinoply as it was called before, is a city in Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The Kaveri or Cauvery delta begins 16 kilometres west of the city where the Kaveri river splits into two, forming the island of Srirangam, which is now incorporated into the Tiruchirappalli City. Here is the famous Sriranganathaswamy temple popularly called Srirangam temple. It is a temple of Lord Vishnu as Sriranganathaswamy. The Atharva veda says :
Vishnu is the Almighty Lord,
In whose three wide-extended paces
All worlds and creatures have their habitation:
Vishnu strode through all the worlds
And all the worlds gathered
As grains of dust under His feet!
It is the world's largest functioning temple with 50 shrines, 21 towers and 39 pavillions. The temple complex covers 156 acres with seven prakaras or enclosures. Srirangam is a temple town on an island on the Kaveri river. At one time the entire population of Srirangam lived within the walls of this temple.
Gopurams, Srirangam temple complex, Trichy, Tamil Nadu.
The gopurams of the temple articulate the axial path, the highest is at the outermost prakara and the lowest is at the innermost. The Rajagopuram of the temple is the southern one which is 239 feet high, having been plated in gold. The Rajagopuram was stated to be built by Vijayanagara king Achyuta Deva Raya but it was completed by the Ahobila Matha in 1987. The diagram below shows structures in the temple complex; the gopurams, the mandapas, various shrines among others.
Layout of the temple complex, image.
Aerial photograph of Srirangam Island between Kaveri and Kollidam rivers.
The main temple has been built based on Agama texts and is dedicated to Sri Ranganathaswamy. It is a Vaishnavite temple and has many legends associated with it.It is in the inner courtyard. There is 6 meter deity of Sri Ranganathar reclining on Adisesha with five hoods in the sanctum which is entered from the south gateway. The doorway has the dwarapalas or guards Jaya and Vijaya. The mukhamandapa is also called Gayatri mandapa leading to the round sanctum surrounded by a raised square, encircling pillars and an inner square. The other images are of Lord Vishnu on Sesha, Lord Ganesha, Lord Narasimha in Yogasana and Goddess Durga. The 50 shriens include Lord Vishnu temples, Goddess Lakshmi temple, shrines of various Vaishnave scholars. The temple structures have rich sculptural detail. The temple's vimana is embellished with sculptures, and has carved pilasters with fluted shafts, double capitals and lotus brackets. The temple complex has many mandapas, frescoes, inscriptions on its walls, tanks and granaries. The inscriptions are over 800, from 9th century to 16th century of the times of the Nayaks, Pandyas, Hoysalas and Vijayanagara rulers, are in different languages like Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, Oriya and relate mostly to temple grants and gifts, rulers, nobles and temple management. Many of the temple structures have been renovated, rebuilt over time, though the temple was looted by different rulers.
Pilasters and carvings, Srirangam.
Bracket figures, Srirangam temple.
Sculpture, Srirangam temple.
Yoga Narsimha, Srirangam temple.
Among the mandapas the 1000 pillar mandapa is a theatre like structure built during the Vijayanagara period made out of granite.
1000 pillar mandapa, Srirangam temple.
Warriors on horses, 1000 pillar mandapa, sculpture, Srirangam temple.
Dancer and musicians, sculpture, Hall of 1000 pillars.
Elephant being led by his mahout, sculpture, Srirangam.
During the Vijayanagara rule the temple complex developed under Sri Krishnadeva Raya. The temple structures include the Sesharayar mandapa and the Venugopala temple which have amazing sculptural work. The Sesharayar mandapa was built during the Nayaka rule. The Garuda mandapa was also made during the Nayaka rule. It has a free standing seated Garuda. Kili mandapa is next to the main shrine, made during the 17th century. The Ranga vilasa mandapa is a large community hall with murals and narratives from mythology and the epic Ramayana. The temple has many wooden monuments like the Garuda vahana, Simha vahana, Hanumantha vahana among others.
Sesharayar mandapa, Vijayanagar period, 16th century, Srirangam temple.
Sesharayar mandapa, Srirangam temple.
Motif, Sesharayar mandapa, Srirangam.
Fencing, Sesharayar mandapa, Srirangam.
Sesharayar mandapa, Srirangam.
With the pot of nectar, Sesharayar mandapa, Srirangam.
Damsel, sculpture, Sesharayar mandapa, Srirangam.
Woman warrior, Sesharayar mandapa, Srirangam.
Sage Agastya, sculpture, Sesharayar mandapa, Srirangam.
Venugopala shrine, Srirangam temple complex.
Lord Krishna or Venugopala, Venugopala shrine, Srirangam temple complex.
Sculptures, Venugopala shrine, Srirangam temple complex.
Salabhanjika sculpture, Venugopala shrine.
Woman playing musical instrument, Venugopala shrine.
Mithuna or loving couple, sculpture, Venugopala shrine.
Woman applying vermillion, sculpture,Venugopala shrine.
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
https://poetrypoem.com
Images sourced from Wikimedia Commons
This entry was posted in art history of India, asian art, sculpture of india, Srirangam, Temple architecture, Temple art of India, Temples of India and tagged sculpture, sculpture of india, South Indian temples, Srirangam, Temples on September 3, 2018 by historyreads.
Peacock in art : images from sculpture
The peacock is a charming, graceful bird. It has magnificent tail feathers and a curved blue neck. The tail feathers can be opened up into a resplendent display when the bird dances. It is one of nature's most splendorous sights. The peacock is the National Bird of India. it is a popular art motif in India since yore. In Sanskrit the bird is called mayura and In Hindi, mor. Zoologically the bird's name is Pava cristatus and it is from the family of pheasants, quails, partridges and snowcocks.The peacock has a fan-shaped pretty crest which adds to its beauty. A peacock's forelimbs are modified into wings and two hindlimbs are for general mobility. The male has the ornamental tail feathers called train consisting of upto 150 feathers !
A peacock feather.
The female is called peahen and is smaller in size. It is a plain brown bird without the train. Fully white peacocks too are there but are bit rare. The peacock rejoices on seeing the clouds and is often called meghananda. Found mostly in South Asia and Far Eastern Asia. Peacocks have been depicted in India since Harappan times. The peacock is India's favourite bird in the Rigveda. The peacock was a favourite among the Indus Valley people, peacock has been depicted in folk literature too! Peacock was the totem of the Mauryan rulers, a word derived from mor or mayura. and has been found on stones used for the palace of Chandragupta Maurya. The peacock is an important component in the Jataka tales.
Peacock is found at the railings of the Bharhut Stupa dating to 1st century B.C, now seen at the Indian Museum, Kolkata. the northern gateway of the Great Stupa at Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh, from 2nd-1st century B.C depicts peacocks in pairs with their long tails. There are many sculptural depictions of the peacock across India across centuries.
Peacock motif, Great Stupa, Sanchi, 2nd to 1st B.C, Madhya Pradesh.
By Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand (017 Maya on Lotus, Couple on Horse, and Peacock) [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
The peacock is associated with Lord Kartikeya or Murugan as his vehicle or vahana. Lord Murugan is the Commander-in-chief of the Gods in Hinduism. He vanquishes Tarakasura. To achieve this Garuda (vehicle of Lord Vishnu) gave his son, the peacock to him. Lord Shiva gave him a locket and Indra gave him a string of pearls. The other gods gave him different powers. Agni gave him a shula or spear, Brihaspati gave him a danda or club, Ganga gave him a kamandala (pot for water).
Kartikeya depicted on his peacock in upper left, on a Nataraja relief on Temple 1; Ganesha in upper right corner, Parvati in lower left and a musician is in lower right, Jageshwar Temples, Uttarakhand, 7th-12th century .
By Nitin Sharma – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28550582
Kartikeya on peacock, Hucchimalligudi, 8th century, Aihole, Karnataka.
By Ms Sarah Welch [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)%5D, from Wikimedia Commons
Abhaneri temple, 7th/8th century, Rajasthan.
By Arpita Roy08 [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)%5D, from Wikimedia Commons
Kolaramma temple, Kolar, 11th century,Karnataka.
By Shailesh.patil [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)%5D, from Wikimedia Commons
Lower panel of relief depicts musicians and dancing peacocks, 12th-century, Hoysaleswara temple, Halebidu, Karnataka.
Jaisalmer Palace and Fort, 12th century, Rajasthan.
By Schwiki [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)%5D, from Wikimedia Commons
Chennakesava temple, Somnathapura, 13th century, Karnataka.
By Jean-Pierre Dalbéra from Paris, France (Le temple de Chennakesava (Somanathapura, Inde)) [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
Lakhsminarasimha temple, Javagal,13th century, Karnataka.
By Dineshkannambadi [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)%5D, from Wikimedia Commons
Achyutaraya temple,Hampi, 16th century, Karnataka.
By Vu2sga [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)%5D, from Wikimedia Commons
Peacock in Indian art,thought and literature/Krishna Lal, New Delhi : Abhinav Publications, 2006.
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This entry was posted in art history of India, Peacock, sculpture of india, Temple art of India, Temples of India and tagged art history, art history of India, Peacock, sculpture, Temples on May 2, 2018 by historyreads.
Architecture of Bengal : piety and variety
The history of urbanisation of Bengal seems to have started since the 1st millennium B.C ; after the decline of Indus valley civilisation. Ancient Bengal was a centre for trade and urban networking, with contacts up to Persia. The archaeological sites like Chandraketugarh, Mahasthangarh and Mainamati, the Bateshwar ruins all are evidence of a highly organised urban set-up. Architectural remains of early Bengal remain scarce, stupa fragments have been found at some archaeological sites. The Pala architecture is remembered for its constructon of viharas and stupas. The Somapura Mahavihara is an iconic monument built by the Palas (now in Bangladesh).
Somapura Mahavihara, Paharpur, Bangladesh.
By Masum-al-hasan – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=51184053
The mode of building in rural Bengal is the paddy roofed thatched traditional chala type of huts. Temples have drawn inspiration from this and amazing number of temples have been constructed in different districts of undivided Bengal with many interesting variations. What follows in the rest of this write up is the variety and piety of these structures, many of which are still available for us to see !
Village in a clearing at Sundarbans showing thatched huts, drawing, Frederic Peter Layard, January 1839.
By British Library – British Library, Copyrighted free use, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11175234
In early times wood and bamboo were used as building material. After that bricks were used. The land of Bengal has alluvial soil and stone is not much available. Hence brick is used for building. the architectural parts were made of stone and wood, black basalt, sandstone , granite and black marble. Initially lime or mud was used for the floor concrete. Later mortar was used and lime was used as a plaster. the accounts of travellers Fa-Hien and Hieun Tsang mention temples of stone and brick in ancient Bengal. The Ramcharita of Sandhya Kar mentions Bangarh as an important temple city. But most of these temples have not survived to this day and have destroyed either due to climate or by invaders.
The main types of temples in Bengal are many and varied yet a basic similarity is detectable, a beautiful architectural signature !
Firstly the Bhadra type : roof is of horizontal tiers which diminish gradually and are topped with a amalaka sila. The Rekha type has a sukanasa shikhara or tower which is curvilinear and topped by a amalaka sila carrying a kalasa or pot of plenty. A hybrid of these exists which is bhadra with a stupa as acrown. Another variety has a shikhara as a crown. The Sarvatobhadra is a square temple with four entrance points on four sides. Usually five storeys and sixteen corners, spires and turrets are parts of the temple. The hut or chala type of temple have sloping roofs. The ratha type is arranged in tiers of bent cornices, corners with miniature curvilinear towers and topped by a large sized shikhara. The Bhadra type of temples can be studied by the image of Nandi pavillion at Ekateswara at Bankura district, with two receding tiers. the evolution of this type is exemplified at Jangibadi in Dhaka with a amalaka sila crowning the structure. Further on, it can have kalasa as already mentioned, as in Mandoli, Kumarpur. The Rekha deul or temple are slimmer, taller, curvilinear and built on a square platform. with a amalaka sila or kalasa crowning the structure. Gothic architecture has influenced the design of these temples. The hut or chala type of temples has sometimes been called 'cottage architecture' of Bengal which resembles the thatched roof. There are many such temples across Bengal. The terracotta temples when classified based on their number of spires or superstructures are a type of chala or ratna respectively. The single hut are the ek-chalas, the double huts type are called the do-chalas. The others include triple huts, the teen-chalas, twin huts the Jor-mandirs or temples, the twin double hut type and the grouped hut type.
Twin hut type or Jor-Bangla are temples where two do-chala hut type temples are joined. The twin temples of Bimanagar, Nadia and Bishnupur, Bankura are of this type and decorated with ornate carvings. The hut type also influenced the Sultanate architecture of Bengal.
Jor-Bangla Temple, Bishnupur, Bankura,West Bengal.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kgabhi/8415024198/
The Rasamancha at Bishnupur is different and does not conform to the styles mentioned. It has a circumbulatory passage on all sides. It has a square chamber with arched openings and has a pyramidal roof. It stands on a five-foot high platform. The innermost gallery has 5 arched openings on each side, the 2nd has eight and the last has four arched openings. The outer arches have four do-chala roofs with one smaller four chala at the corners for decoration.
Rashmancha, Bishnupur ,West Bengal.
By Chiranjibmazumdar1 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37129790
The temples across Bengal are mostly on platforms up to 6 feet in height. The main temple has a sanctum, with a covered verandah in front mostly with three arches with pillars. On top of the temple there are spires. The Kalighat temple at Kolkata is a char-chala or having four sloping roofs. The Ratha typre of temple is exemplified by the temple at Kantanagar (presently at Bangladesh) at Dinajpur. The ratha type combines the hut and shikhara design. These temples stood on platforms with bent cornices and three arched openings on each side. A long spire is in the centre surrounded by 4,8,12,16 or 24 spires. The Hangeswari temple at Hooghly is a 13 spired ratha temple, south facing having 12 arches with ornate terracotta design. 25 spired ratna temples or panchabhimsati ratna are seen at Krishna Chandra temple at Kalna, Bardhaman. The Ananda Bhairabi temple at Sukharia, Hooghly built in 1813 has three storeys and 25 towers. At some places separate rathas were made. One example is at the Radha Gobindo temple at Bishnupur in Bankura district.
Ek-ratna, the Madan-Mohan Temple of Bishnupur, Bankura, West Bengal.
By AsisKumar Sanyal (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
Char-chala, Raghunathjee Temple, Ghurisha.
By Amitabha Gupta – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41750396
Palpara temple in Nadia is a char-chala,one of the earliest forms of temple architecture in Bengal , built in the 17th century by Gandharba Roy, also called Math mandir and Kali Mandir. The char chala structure stands on a raised plinth and is made of brick facing south . and is around 21 metres tall. The decorated arched entrance is flanked by brick pillars on either side. The area above the arched entrance once contained intricately carved terracotta panels. Some scenes from the Ramayana, geometric and floral patterns and the lotus motif still remain. Later the char-chala was modified into the at-chala, which consists of a char-chala upon a char-chala, and is a most common type of temple architecture in Bengal.
Char-chala, Palpara Temple, Nadia,West Bengal.
By Biswarup Ganguly – Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16882959
Pancha ratna, Shyam Rai Temple, Bankura,West Bengal.
By Dr. Indranil Banerjee (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
The temples of Bengal and their exquisite architecture has influenced the temples of Burma, Siam, Cambodia, Java and Nepal. The sculpture at the temple vide the terracotta art was the art of the common people. 17th century onward to the 18th century was a period of expression both for the artists, craft-persons and the patrons alike. The patrons were the rulers, landlords and wealthy merchants. There was a lot of temple building at Bardhaman, Birbhum, Bankura, Nadia, Hooghly and Murshidabad. The depictions on the temples are condensed and full of vitality. There are panels of processions, soldiers, horsemen,elephants with their riders, deities, geometrical motifs, floral motifs, miniature temple are shown above the other. Scenes from the epics, social scenes,, Europeans, love scenes too can be seen at different places. The 19th century saw some flat roofed temples being built. Temple building of this type went on up to the middle of the 19th century. It declined under Western influence.
At-chalas, 26 Siva Temples in Khardah beside Ganga, Barrackpore,West Bengal.
By Aryan paswan – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21324358
At-chala, Bhukailash Shiv Temple, Khidirpur, Kolkata.
By Kinjal bose 78 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
Nava-ratna, the Dakshineswar Temple, Near Kolkata,West Bengal.
Von Dakshineswar Temple view from outside the temple gates.JPG: Dhruba08derivative work: Vinkje83 – Diese Datei wurde von diesem Werk abgeleitetDakshineswar Temple view from outside the temple gates.JPG:, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19348092
Ek-ratna, Lalji Temple in the city of Bishnupur, West Bengal.
By Amartya Bag – http://www.flickr.com/photos/26529222@N02/4374679207/Uploaded by MrPanyGoff, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19800539
Ek ratna, Ananta Basudeba Temple, Hooghly, West Bengal.
By Amartyabag (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons.
Panchavimsati Ratna, Lalji Temple,, Kalna,Bardhaman,West Bengal.
By Sudiptorana – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21745887
The word deul is actually a nomenclature given to a temple style of Orissa, North India and Deccan between 6th and 10th centuries. The temples of Bengal are termed as the Rekha deul, having a square sanctum, curvilinear shikhara or tower, vertical ridges or projections on the walls.
Rekha deul, Pratapeswar Temple, Kalna, Bardhaman, West Bengal.
By Piyal Kundu (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
Rekha deul, temple of Ichai Ghosh, Bardhaman,west Bengal.
By BengaliHindu – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36800791
Rekha deul, Banda, Purulia,West Bengal.
By Amitabha Gupta (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons.
Rekha deul, Mothurar Deul, Faridpur (in Bangladesh).
By Imranforestry (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
Terracotta art of Bengal/Biswas,S.S,Delhi : Agam Kala Prakashan,1981.
Indian terracotta art/Ganguly,O.C, Bombay : Rupa and Co,1959.
aishee.org
This entry was posted in art history of India, asian art, Bengal art, Bengal temple architecture, sculpture of india, Temple architecture, Temples of India, Terracotta, Terracotta temples and tagged art history, art history of Bengal, art history of India, Bengal, sculpture, Temples, temples of Bengal on November 15, 2017 by historyreads.


The function abort-dialog aborts the current dialog. For example, it can be made a selection callback from a Cancel button so that pressing the button aborts the dialog. In a similar manner the complementary function exit-dialog can be used as a callback for an OK button.
Above, foo will be called only if there is no current dialog.
as in both cases it is not well-defined whether foo will be called if there is a current dialog.


text:
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University of Limerick launches apprenticeship programme to address skills gap in cyber security.
Richard Lynch
UL Cyber Security – Denis Kelly, former VP Dell and consortia chair, Minister of State, Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science, Niall Collins TD, Professor Ann Ledwith, Dean of Graduate and Professional Studies at UL and Joe Leddin, Regional Skills Forum manager. Pic Arthur Ellis.
Richard Parker, Director Cyber Security Dell, Dr Lubna Luxmi Dhirani UL, Denis Kelly, former VP Dell and consortia chair, Minister of State, Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science, Niall Collins TD, Professor Ann Ledwith, Dean of Graduate and Professional Studies at UL and Joe Leddin, Regional Skills Forum manager. Pic Arthur Ellis.
A new apprenticeship programme has been launched at University of Limerick to address the critical skills shortage in the field of cyber security.
Minister of State, Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science, Niall Collins has announced a new Level 8 Honours Degree Cyber Security Practitioner Apprenticeship at University of Limerick.
The two-year UL Cyber Security programme, which will commence intake in September 2022, has been developed by UL in collaboration with Limerick for IT industry network and the Mid-West Regional Skills Forum.
The work-based apprenticeship will include 70% of students' time spent learning on-the-job with the remainder, two days a week during the academic year, in an academic setting.
Speaking at the launch, Minister Collins said: "Cyber security is one of the greatest challenges facing society today and the labour market is crying out for staff who have the skills to combat the criminal gangs that are plaguing businesses, governments and individuals across the world. I am especially delighted that the course while delivering an honours level 8 degree at the end, will be taught for the most part as an apprenticeship, with students spending 70% of their time learning practical skills with cyber security firms."
Minister Collins, a TD for Limerick, added: "We have big plans for increasing the number of apprenticeships in Ireland and this course is a perfect example of how apprenticeships can give learners the skills they need to fill a vital need in the labour market."
Speaking about the need for the new programme Denis Kelly, former VP of Dell and consortia chair, said: "The coronavirus pandemic has fundamentally changed the way we work, and that includes cyber criminals, who have had a particularly busy and lucrative time. The scale and complexity of cyber-attacks is wide ranging and financially devastating with a potential cost of $10.5 trillion by 2025 according to Dell EMC."
In 2020, Cyber Ireland surveyed the current labour market for cyber security skills and identified a clear skills gap and skills shortages. These shortages are affecting organisations of all sizes across a range of sectors, including indigenous and foreign-owned companies.
The survey shows that 41% of organisations' security teams are understaffed, a further 5% are significantly understaffed, and 48% of the companies have open or unfilled cyber security roles. A further 43% of cyber security hires are from outside of Ireland (28% from Europe and 15% outside Europe).
"Industry and education providers collaborating is how we address skill shortages in the Mid-West region. This new apprenticeship will help in developing a diverse pool of talent particularly for those working or looking to transition into IT roles," said Joe Leddin, Regional Skills Forum manager.
The new UL cyber security apprenticeship was developed with several global industry partners and public sector organisations. The industry consortia will advise on desired learning outcomes for graduates and provide on the job learning in Dell, Northern Trust, Johnson & Johnson, WP-Engine, General Motors, BD, Action Point, Lufthansa, Transact Campus, Limerick, Clare and Tipperary County Councils and many more.
The programme will create a learning pathway for those who may have completed the current Level 6 Cyber Security apprenticeship under the Fastrack into IT programme while also facilitating those looking to upskill or reskill and already in employment.
"Recognition of prior learning (RPL) will be in place to recognise candidates with a lower or a lack of qualification provided they have significant industrial experience and evidence of the ability to study at undergraduate level, such as the completion of professional training and development courses," said Professor Ann Ledwith, Dean of Graduate and Professional Studies at UL.
University of Limerick is a member of Cyber Ireland and collaboration with the network will facilitate a national reach for the programme, which will produce cyber security technicians and specialists.
Dr Thomas Newe of UL's Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, a board member of Cyber Ireland, said: "This initiative, combined with the suite of industry designed cyber security programmes that will be launched by [email protected] and CyberSkills, will develop Ireland's cyber capabilities and provide resilience against future cyber-attacks that will inevitability occur."
For more information on UL go HERE
For more stories on University of Limerick go HERE
#TBT Earlier this week, we launched our new apprenticeship to address significant skills gap in cyber security
Discover how our new apprenticeship programme aims to address this critical skills shortage:https://t.co/VZewAZZQzj#CyberSecurity pic.twitter.com/ogYbiZ6Eel
— University Of Limerick (@UL) July 15, 2021
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The NISC III program at Leidos is looking for a Occupational Safety/Health Analyst!
This position will support the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Air Traffic Organization (ATO), Western Service Area (WSA) Environmental, Occupational Safety & Health (EOSH) Program and assist the District Safety and Environmental Compliance Managers (SECMs) in providing EOSH support to Airway Facilities (AF) personnel within the Seattle District Office. The candidate will support the customer's Asbestos, Lead, Environmental Compliance, OSH Compliance, Confined Space, Fall Protection, Safety Training, Drinking Water, and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) programs. The candidate will participate in EOSH investigations related to potential accidental releases, mishaps, and employee complaints, as requested by the Safety & Environmental Compliance Manager (SECM).
The selected candidate must have experience in one of the following areas: Industrial Hygienist (IH); Occupational Safety and Health (OSH); Hazardous Waste/Materials; and/or Implementation of FAA EOSH regulations. The candidate must have experience with abatement procedures for toxic materials, and personal safety procedures.