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Александровский рудник — один из первых угледобывающих рудников на территории современного Донецка, в своё время крупнейший рудник на юге Российской империи.

По приказу Новороссийского и бессарабского генерал-губернатора Михаила Семёновича Воронцова создавалась топливная база для азово-черноморского торгового флота. Горный инженер А.В. Гурьев по поручению Воронцова занялся проектированием рудников в Донбассе.

Гурьев исследовал материалы прошлых геологических разведок. На их основе он решил провести детальные исследования верховий Кальмиуса. Исследования были проведены в 1841 году и подтвердили возможность промышленной эксплуатации месторождения каменного угля.

Для создания рудника у месторождения была готовая инфраструктура. Сёла, на основе которых в дальнейшем образовался Донецк могли дать рабочих для рудника. Село Александровка находилось в непосредственной близости. Вода из Кальмиуса могла обеспечить рудник и его паровые машины водой. Речной путь по Кальмиусу и грунтовые дороги в сторону Азовского моря и Днепра могли использоваться для транспортного сообщения.

Подземные ископаемые на площади 15 тысяч десятин и наземные участки, на которых разместился рудник были арендованы Воронцовым у помещика Ивана Ивановича Шидловского, которому принадлежали местные земли. Договор аренды был заключен в 1841 году на 30 лет.

С каждого добытого пуда угля Воронцов платил Шидловскому 2 копейки серебром.

Рудник был назван по названию села Александровка.

Центральная шахта рудника называлась Гурьевская. Она была открыта в 1842 году. На шахте использовалась первая в Донбассе паровая подъёмная машина. На шахте были свои механические мастерские, в которых изготавливали оборудование и инструменты для горных работ. Первоначально на Гурьевской шахте работало 76 человек. Шахта давала 1368 пудов угля в сутки. Общее количество работников достигло 350 человек.

После Гурьевской шахты были построены ещё две шахты: Михайловская и Елизаветинская. С постройкой новых шахт увеличилось количество рабочих и на Гурьевской шахте.

Уголь с рудника успешно продавался. Его ценили за хорошее качество, большую теплотворную способность (6602 калории) и коксуемость. Уголь закупался Комиссией Пароходства, использовался паровыми судами на Чёрном море и для отопления казённых зданий в российских портах Чёрного моря.

Рудник за несколько лет стал крупнейшим рудником на юге Российской империи и оставался таким в течение нескольких лет. Добыча угля составила полтора миллиона пудов в год, а при реконструкции рудника добыча угля могла увеличиться до пяти миллионов угля в год и более.

Успех Александровского рудника побудил местных помещиков тоже заняться угледобычей, что привело к созданию новых рудников. Из-за активной угледобычи стало расти местное население.

Шахтёрский посёлок Александровского рудника слился с рабочим посёлком металлургического завода Новороссийского общества. Этот посёлок был назван Юзовкой и стал основой современного Донецка.

Примечания

История Донецка
Рудники Украины

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A KOLTER waterfront project – preconstruction opportunity scheduled for occupancy in the Fall of 2018. Offering a refreshing new perspective. Rising 19 floors above the Atlantic Ocean and the Intracoastal Waterway, Kolter's iconic 5000 North Ocean luxury condos enjoy over 340 feet of direct South Florida oceanfront. Bold tropical modern design evokes a refreshing sense of style paired with seaside amenities and a host of private residential services. Inherent to its modern design, 5000 North Ocean amenities convey an atmosphere of stylistic expression from the oceanfront pool and oasis beach zone to the state-‐of-‐the-‐ art fitness center and clubroom.
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~ Ultra-‐high speed connectivity for easy custom home automation.


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Futurama is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series follows the adventures of a late-20th-century New York City pizza delivery boy, Philip J. Fry, who, after being unwittingly cryogenically frozen for one thousand years, finds employment at Planet Express, an interplanetary delivery company in the retro-futuristic 31st century. The series was envisioned by Groening in the mid-1990s while working on The Simpsons; he later brought David X. Cohen aboard to develop storylines and characters to pitch the show to Fox.
In the United States, the series aired on Fox from March 28, 1999, to August 10, 2003, before ceasing production. Futurama also aired in reruns on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim from 2003 to 2007, until the network's contract expired. It was revived in 2007 as four direct-to-video films; the last of which was released in early 2009. Comedy Central entered into an agreement with 20th Century Fox Television to syndicate the existing episodes and air the films as 16 new, half-hour episodes, constituting a fifth season.
In June 2009, producing studio 20th Century Fox announced that Comedy Central had picked up the show for 26 new half-hour episodes, which began airing in 2010 and 2011. The show was renewed for a seventh season, with the first half airing in June 2012 and the second set for mid-2013. It was later revealed that the seventh season would be the final season, as Comedy Central announced that they would not be commissioning any further episodes. The series finale aired on September 4, 2013. While Groening has said he will try to get it picked up by another network, David X. Cohen stated that the episode "Meanwhile" would be the last episode of season 7 and also the series finale.
Throughout its run, Futurama has received critical acclaim. The show has been nominated for 17 Annie Awards and 12 Emmy Awards, winning seven of the former and six of the latter. It has also been nominated four times for a Writers Guild of America Award, winning two for the episodes "Godfellas" and "The Prisoner of Benda", been nominated for a Nebula Award and has received Environmental Media Awards for episodes "The Problem with Popplers" and "The Futurama Holiday Spectacular".[10] Futurama-related merchandise has also been released, including a tie-in comic book series, video games, calendars, clothes and figurines. In 2013, TV Guide ranked Futurama as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time.
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CARBONDALE, Ill. — Southern Illinois University Carbondale will recognize 111 retiring employees for their service to the university in a ceremony and reception Nov. 30 in Student Center Ballroom D.
The ceremony begins at 8:30 a.m., and registration starts at 8 a.m. in the John W. Corker Lounge.
The recognition is for university employees who retired between Aug. 1, 2017 and July 31, 2018.
The retiring employees had 2,473 years of combined experience with the university. Of these retirees, 49 had 20 to 29 years of service and 21employees had 30 to 35 years of service. One employee retired after 41 years.
Fred R. Stearns, Physical Plant Service, 13 years.
Margaret Susan Lay, Office of Economic and Regional Development, 32 years.
James Clifford Willis, Physical Plant Service, 23 years.
Jo Ann E. Argersinger, History, 20 years.
Nanditha Balasubramanian, SIU Foundation Carbondale, 22 years.
Thomas John Bik, Family and Community Medicine/Carbondale-School of Medicine, Springfield, 11 years.
Lori Arlene Black, SIU Foundation Carbondale, 21 years.
Camellia Blythe-Friday, Head Start Agency, 28 years.
David R. Bond, Library Affairs, 20 years.
John Howard Carter, Library Affairs, 17 years.
Roger Feng-chang Chang, Technology, 26 years.
K.K. Collins, English, 41 years.
David T. Cronin, Physical Plant Service, 27 years.
Suzanne Marie Daughton, Communication Studies, 27 years.
Joyce E. Deutsch, Registrar's Office, 14 years.
Jarlen Don, Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, 33 years.
James Scot Ferraro, Physiology-School of Medicine, Carbondale, 31 years.
Douglas F. Fix, Microbiology, 30 years.
Carl Flowers, Rehabilitation Institute, 30 years.
Michael L. Grey, ASA School of Allied Health, 31 years.
Ramesh Gupta, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-School of Medicine, Carbondale, 34 years.
Lisa G. Hawkins, ASA Aviation Management and Flight, 21 years.
Paul Hinze, Recreational Sports and Services, 24 years.
Jeanette I. Johnson, College of Education and Human Services, 18 years.
Cynthia Kathleen Jones, Intercollegiate Athletics, 18 years.
Dimitrios H. Karayiannis, Languages, Cultures, and International Trade, 24 years.
Eileen R. Meehan, Radio, Television, and Digital Media, 10 years.
Lori Merrill-Fink, Theater and University Honors Program, 29 years.
Aldo D. Migone, Physics, 31 years.
Mary B. Nemetsky, College of Applied Sciences and Arts, 29 years.
Nancy Peck, Project 12 Ways, 29 years.
Marcella A. Pleasure, Physics, 24 years.
Gary D. Ray, Traffic and Parking, 20 years.
Mythili K. Rundblad, Center for Service Learning and Volunteerism, 19 years.
Charlotte Ann Sarao, College of Agricultural Sciences, 27 years.
Elizabeth A. Scally, University Housing, 28 years.
Gina J. Shiplett, Office of the Chancellor, 32 years.
Mary Lisa Smith, Accounting Services, 28 years.
Nathan P. Stucky, Communication Studies, 27 years.
Monica J. Tichenor, Broadcasting Service, 29 years.
Gary Dean Tisdale, Recreational Sports and Services, 25 years.
Brian C. Wagner, School of Music, 16 years.
Sharon E. Walters, Office of Assessment and Program Review, 35 years.
John Mark Watson, Library Affairs, 26 years.
Laura Ann Bell, University College, 11 years.
Barbara E. Bogard, SIU Foundation Carbondale, 30 years.
Timothy Bogard, Institutional Research and Studies, 30 years.
Joyce A. Davis, University Housing, 27 years.
LaVon Donley-Cornett, College of Mass Communication and Media Arts, 29 years.
Sharon L. Gideon, Printing and Duplicating Service, 11 years.
Gina Earleen Gurley, Registrar's Office, 9 years.
Cheryl A. Holder, University Honors Program, 28 years.
Julie Kay McDannel, Office of the Chancellor, 29 years.
Alice M. Noble-Allgire, Accountancy and SIU School of Law, 24 years.
Rod Sievers, University Communications and Marketing, 19 years.
Russell A. Thomas, Department of Public Safety, 21 years.
Pamela J. Winget, University Housing, 23 years.
Jo Ellen Perkins, Physical Plant Service, 9 years.
Randy Bruce Lowe, Physical Plant Service, 20 years.
Anthony Odey Agbeh, Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, 8 years.
Thomas Dale Hexamer, College of Mass Communication and Media Arts, 25 years.
Rhonda Lynn Hooper, Institutional Research and Studies, 35 years.
Donna J. Schumaier, School of Music, 32 years.
Beth Alongi, Student Center, 28 years.
Debra Lee Chapman, Career Services, 10 years.
Laura Davis Cobin, Broadcasting Service, 24 years.
Sue Ann Knapp, Office of Economic and Regional Development, 20 years.
Clarence E. White, Student Center, 19 years.
Debra Woll, Student Health Services, 18 years.
Jesus Rosado, Recreational Sports and Services, 12 years.
Twyla D. Adkisson-Peak, SIU Foundation Carbondale, 27 years.
Lawrence J. Christopher, Physical Plant Service, 16 years.
John K. Voges, ASA Aviation Management and Flight, 28 years.
Rita Kay VanPelt, Disability Support Services, 30 years.
Jennie M. Absher, Geography and Environmental Resources, 26 years.
Patricia Lynn Bird, Student Health Services, 20 years.
Michael Kent Kremer, Physical Plant Service, 18 years.
Ronald A. Dunkel, Student Center, 33 years.
Karen Renzaglia, Plant Biology, 22 years.
Mary Louise Bratzel, SIU Foundation Carbondale, 20 years.
Linda L. Floro, Recreational Sports and Services, 32 years.
Gary Kistner, ASA Off-Campus Academic Programs, 13 years.
Patricia J. Lynn, School of Law, 19 years.
Nadine Micheline Wojnarowski, School of Architecture, 12 years.
Ander Yen, University Housing, 16 years.
Phyllis Sue Bowers, Physical Plant Service, 15 years.
Gerald A. Thornhill, ASA Aviation Management and Flight, 21 years.
Kerry P. Cole, Office of the Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, 33 years.
Randy J. Dunn, Office of the President-SIU President's Office, 13 years.
Robert Stephen Easton, ASA Aviation Management and Flight, 15 years.
Steve Hammers, Information Technology, 29 years.
Carol Manis, School of Law, 31 years.
Michael W. Rothe, Intercollegiate Athletics, 26 years.
Rachel Stocking, History, 23 years.
Kim Alane Taylor, College of Agricultural Sciences, 16 years.
Steven Earl Weaks, Public Health and Recreation Professions, 13 years.
Shayla Kay Duran, Exploratory Student Advisement, 17 years.
Sarah J. Robey, School of Law Library, 14 years.
Catherine A. Kirkpatrick, University Housing, 8 years.
Deborah J. Gearhart, University Honors Program, 31 years.
Virginia M. Vicher, Workforce Education and Development, 4 years.
Regina Ann Wilkerson-Sims, Curriculum and Instruction, 14 years.
Susan Ann McLaren, School of Law, 20 years.
Richard Earl Jarvis, Procurement Services, 21 years.
Rebecca Jaye Pittman, Office of Economic and Regional Development, 19 years.
Ann M. Pearson, College of Business, 8 years.
John Michael Pearson, 16 years.
Sally A. Haynes, Workforce Education and Development, 22 years.
Thomas M. Alexander, Philosophy, 32 years.
Katherine T. Frith, School of Journalism, 10 years.
Russell E. Klein, Student Health Services, 19 years.


In a toss-up game for the analysts, this game is too close to predict on paper. With Georgia as a 3-point favorite but a 48.6% chance of victory according to FPI, they will head to Auburn, AL to face the #10 team in the Nation. Boasting a 9-0 record, the Bulldogs will look to leave "the plains" with a hard-earned victory and a 10-0 record.
Following last year's 13-7 win in Athens, both defenses return starters and look a lot similar to last year with the exception of Georgia's season record.
With the season 12 games long, the Bulldogs will need to continue to mature as a team on both sides of the ball if they are going to make a run at the playoffs. After a so-so showing last week against South Carolina, the Dawgs now have a much more dangerous opponent in Auburn. They must make sure everyone learns from their mistakes last week and doesn't allow those same mistakes to happen on Saturday.
Just like last year, this game is going to be a 4 quarter battle! With Georgia manhandling all their opponents since week 2, now will have to face a team that not only is physical but also has the same game plan as them, which is running the ball consistently. If Georgia gets up big early, they must continue to pressure Auburn and not allow them to get back into the game.
Following last week's defensive mishaps where the secondary gave up 227 yards through the air, the Bulldogs must remain honest and not allow the receivers to get behind them and make big plays. With Auburn's QB, Jarrett Stidham averaging 221 yards a game, the defense will need to limit the damage he does through the air and make Auburn run the ball.
Georgia needs to continue to do what they do best which is run the ball. With the Dawgs averaging 279 yards and game, they will need to effectively run the ball. Yes I said effectively! Auburn's DL is stout and look to be the toughest test for UGA this year. I see Auburn stacking the box and daring Jake Fromm to beat them through the air. Like Georgia does week in and week out, they will run the ball 45-50 times and allow Fromm to throw 20 times.
I see Auburn limiting the damage Georgia is able to do on the ground "in the 1st half." You heard that right, first half. As Georgia does every game, they begin to wear defenses out as the game goes on which allows bigger gains and gives them the ability to run the clock out. I do believe Auburn will keep it close for most of the game but the balance of rushes and short slants will have them confused which will allow Jake Fromm to make just enough completions and a late TD to win the game!


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Q: Initiation call Django class based view. This is more of a conceptual question. While learning the Django class-based view, I am wondering if it is possible to make a call to a Django view as an initiation call. I mean, after the first call, the following calls from the templates can share the instance variables created by the first one. This avoids passing variables back and forth between the template and server.

A: No. Django views are specifically designed to prevent this. It would be a very bad idea; any instance variables set would be shared by all future users of that process, leading to potential information leakage and other thread-safety bugs.
If you want to store information between requests, use the session.

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Distance from Yorkville to Wheeling is 674 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 419 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Yorkville and Wheeling is 674 km= 419 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Yorkville to Wheeling, It takes 0.75 hours to arrive.
Yorkville is located in United States.


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Agave shrevei är en sparrisväxtart som beskrevs av Howard Scott Gentry. Agave shrevei ingår i släktet Agave och familjen sparrisväxter.

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Arten delas in i följande underarter:

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Cyber sharing
By SMG Admin
Building partner capacity in cyberspace will make them, and us, less vulnerable
By Lt. Col. Jason B. Nicholson and Lt. Col. David A. Pokrifchak
It's time for the U.S. military to add cyber activities to combatant commands' regular security cooperation efforts with partner nations.
This would bolster our partners' capabilities, reduce U.S. vulnerabilities, and provide a forward posture for future operations. Certainly, many of the U.S. military's cyber capabilities are classified, but there are areas where more cooperation is possible. Moreover, such efforts would likely be welcomed by U.S. partners who are aware of their vulnerabilities but are having difficulty coming to grips with the complexities of cyber defense. Such efforts would be far from altruism; in the cyber domain, perhaps more than in any other, our partners' vulnerabilities are often our own.
The stronger we build our virtual walls, the more our opponents will seek indirect ways to access U.S. information — and there is plenty of it on foreign servers. For example, much is shared to support the execution of a geographic combatant commander's Theater Campaign Plan. During the coordination and execution of Joint Chiefs of Staff exercises, Joint Combined Exchange Training, and Foreign Military Sales, the U.S. reveals data about weapons and even individual personnel. As the U.S. seeks to help allies improve their military operations, it often shares and exchanges sensitive tactics, techniques, and procedures. Even innocuous-seeming information — unclassified, or For Official Use Only — might be stolen and put to good use by adversaries. And the threat extends beyond government and military secrets to U.S. corporations' business information and trade secrets.
Few partner nations have adequate cyber security measures to protect this U.S. data, even ones with the budgets and expertise to mount advanced defenses. Longtime U.S. partner Saudi Arabia suffered large-scale destruction to Saudi Aramco's networks and systems in attacks attributed to Iran. In South Korea, where the U.S. exchanges extensive data as part of its shared defense of the Korean peninsula, North Korea and China are suspected of having gained access to portions of the defense plan through a compromised USB thumb drive in 2009. In Japan, which hosts forward-based U.S. forces, exercises, and FMS efforts, U.S. information is exposed to attack by China, Russia and North Korea.
The situation is even worse in developing nations. Many do not have dedicated military or government networks; instead, they conduct official military and government business using commercial email providers such as Yahoo!, Gmail, and Hotmail. This use of common commercial addresses facilitates phishing, since an adversary can more easily create a false Gmail account than spoof a .mil- or .gov-type address. Similarly, a significant number of military leaders in developing nations use computers they have personally purchased for their own use. There is a high probability such computers are running compromised software.
Moreover, many of these nations have leapt from little connectivity to ubiquitous mobile telephony and computing in the past decade or so. The authors have personally witnessed senior foreign military officers using commercial mobile phones to send text messages containing orders for forces conducting combat operations. In many cases, the infrastructure that facilitates this was built by U.S. competitors. In Africa, wrote Foreign Policy's John Reed, Chinese IT firm Huawei "isn't just providing cell phones, towers and fiber-optic cable and then turning them over to local businesses. The telecom giant … is often running these networks for the local communications providers and the government."
Adding Cyber
So U.S. security cooperation and cyber planners must begin looking at ways to decrease these vulnerabilities through engagement, training, and equipment provision. The sharing of basic passive defensive measures, network "hardening" procedures, some forensic detection techniques, and intelligence on cyber threats should all be implemented in country-specific security cooperation engagements.
Initial emphasis should be on improving partner capabilities in passive (procedural) and defensive countermeasures. Training in the DoD Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process can be tailored for the host and partner nations and would provide a common set of standards. Pre-deployment training for U.S. military personnel should also address mitigating cyber security risks. User training is usually a very cost-effective method for improving network security. Many of the same passive techniques used to protect personally identifying information could be modeled during training engagements with partner forces.
Next, U.S. military forces could establish agreements to share information about cyber threats and responses, along the lines of the ones that currently exist for technical intelligence. These could facilitate the sharing of information that is not available to civilian organizations. (Obviously, the sharing of offensive cyber capability and knowledge by the U.S. will be done with only the most trusted allies and partners.)
These agreements could lead to the expansion of Subject Matter Expert Exchange and Mobile Training Team programs to provide training in cyber operations and defense. Given the nature of cyberspace, there is opportunity for remote training, which also provides a substantial cost savings by reducing requirements for personnel to travel. Through the sharing of approved TTPs and lessons, the U.S. can help to build military capacity in cyber personnel.
In particular, it would be productive for U.S. military forces to help establish Computer Incidence and Response Teams (CIRTs) within partners' militaries and intelligence services. Many U.S. government agencies, and even commercial enterprises, have such teams, which share threat data and coordinate incidence responses internally and even with like organizations in some partner nations. But aside from a few allies, U.S. and partner militaries currently have no similar arrangements. Indeed, many partners do not possess even the most basic ability to respond to cyber attack. We spoke with a U.S. government contractor who discovered during a combined counterterrorism activity with one developing partner that their intelligence and police services had no such capacity at all. The lead investigator did not know how to retrieve deleted files or how to open a forensic image.
As well, the various military services each have specialized computer crime organizations, such as the Air Force's Office of Special Investigations, the Army's Criminal Investigations Division, and the Navy's Naval Criminal Investigative Service. Additionally, U.S. Cyber Command brings together the disparate cyber functions from throughout the services. All of these organizations provide excellent opportunities for engagement with partner nations.
Such cyber engagements would also give the U.S. the opportunity to showcase the capabilities of U.S.-manufactured equipment and software, thereby providing additional venues for FMS and commercial sale of U.S. products. This modern equipment would not only assist in hardening and improving a partner nation's cyber infrastructure, but would also provide the U.S. with forward platforms that could support its own operations. This would provide a countercapability to match competitors, like China, who provide cyber infrastructure and operations via parastatal companies that have murky relationships with their own nations' intelligence services.
To sum up, cyber operations must be part of the overall U.S. strategy of building partner relationships and capabilities — not just for their sake, but for ours.
Lt. Col. Jason B. Nicholson is an Army foreign area officer and strategist. His previous assignments include U.S. Embassies Tanzania and Uganda, the Joint Staff, and the Army Staff. His previous articles have appeared in the International Affairs Journal, DISAM Journal, Small Wars Journal, and the Peace and Security Operations Journal. He is currently assigned to Headquarters, U.S. Africa Command. Lt. Col. David A. Pokrifchak is an Air Force cyberspace defense officer. His previous assignments include U.S. Special Operations Command Pacific, U.S. Pacific Command, and the Defense Information Systems Agency. He is assigned to the U.S. Air Force Warfare Center.


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HOW POLITICIANS USE TWITTER
New electronic technologies provide legislators with a raft of new tools that can deepen and enrich their connection with constituents. But how widespread is their use? Baker Institute fellow in political science Mark P. Jones and Jorge Francisco Aguirre Sala of Mexico's University of Monterrey set out to find the answer by surveying the use of Facebook, Twitter, websites and email by legislators in Nuevo León, Mexico, and the Texas House of Representatives.
The results of the study are in "The Use of Electronic Technology and Legislative Representation in the Mexican and U.S. States," a paper prepared for the Puentes Consortium -- a group of five universities, including Rice, in the United States and Mexico that researches issues that affect both countries.
Consortium members met at the Baker Institute on April 25-26, 2012, to discuss their latest studies, including new approaches to the production of safe drinking water in rural colonias and media coverage of border violence.
Jones and Aguirre Sala"s research on electronic technology showed, among other findings, that legislators use Facebook and Twitter much more often in Texas than in Nuevo León; analysis focused exclusively on Nuevo León underscored the difficulty faced by constituents who wish to email their representatives; and within the Texas Republican House delegation, the most moderate Republicans utilized Facebook and Twitter at a substantially lower rate than their more conservative copartisans.
The Puentes Consortium aims to strengthen the alliance between Mexico and the United States by drawing on the perspectives of both countries. Participating institutions include Mexico"s Monterrey Tec, University of Monterrey and University of the Americas in Puebla; and in the United States, the University of Arizona and Rice University.
Download Jones and Aguirre Sala's paper, "The Use of Electronic Technology and Legislative Representation in the Mexican and U.S. States," at the Puentes Consortium website, along with other papers from participating members.


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Prof Paul Grobler
Genetics IB 116
Genetics Administration Block A A10
Paul Grobler received his BSc, BSc Honours, MSc and PhD degrees at the Rand Afrikaans University between 1987 and 1994. He started his professional career in the Department of Zoology at the University of the North in 1993 and 13 years later took up a position at the UFS. He is the immediate past president of SAWMA (the Southern African Wildlife Management Association) and is an NRF rated researcher (C2). He has research linkages with several local and international researchers and was elected to the adjunct faculty of Virginia Tech University in the USA from 2005. He has acted as referee for a range of accredited journals and is currently Genetics sub-editor for the journals Mammalian Biology (Elsevier) and African Journal of Aquatic Sciences (Taylor & Francis). Nineteen masters and eight doctoral students have completed their studies under his supervision, with another 5 and 8 respectively currently registered. Paul has published 75 papers in peer reviewed journals and has made 39 contributions to international and 46 contributions to national conferences.
Grobler, J.P., Van Wyk, A.M., Dalton, D.L., Jansen van Vurren, B. and Kotze, A. 2018. Assessing introgressive hybridization between Blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and Black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou) from South Africa. Conservation Genetics,19: 981–993.
Van Wyk, A.M., Kotze, A., Grobler, J.P., Janse van Vuuren, B., Barrow, L.N. and Dalton, D. Isolation and characterization of species-specific microsatellite markers for blue- and black wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus and C. gnou). Journal of Genetics, 97(Suppl 1): e101–e109.
Coetzer, W.G. and Grobler, J.P. Identifying Rhabdomys museum specimens following taxonomic changes: use of short COI sequences. Vertebrate Zoology, accepted and in print.
Coetzer, W.G., Turner, T.R., Schmitt, C.A. and Grobler, J.P. Adaptive genetic variation at three loci in South African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and the role of selection within Primates. PeerJ, 6:e4953 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4953.
Pienaar, L., Grobler, J.P., Scholtz, M.M., Swart, H., Ehlers, K., Marx, M., MacNeil, M.D. and Neser, F.W.C. 2018. Genetic diversity of Afrikaner cattle in southern Africa. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 50:399–404.
Svardal, H., Jasinska, A.J., Apetrei, C., Coppola, G., Huang, Y., Schmitt, C.A., Jacquelin, B., Müller-Trutwin, M., Weinstock, G., Grobler, J.P., Wilson, R., Turner, T.R., Warren, W.C., Freimer, N.B. and Nordborg, M. 2017. Ancient hybridization and strong adaptation to viruses across African vervet monkey populations. Nature Genetics, 49(12):1705-1713.
Ahmeda, S., Grobler, J.P., Madisha, T. and Kotze, A. 2017. Mitochondrial D-loop sequences reveal a mixture of endemism and immigration in Egyptian goat populations. Mitochondrial DNA, 28(5): 711–716.
Du Toit, Z., Du Plessis, M., Dalton, D.L., Jansen, R., Grobler, J.P. and Kotzé, A. 2017. Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae. BMC Genomics, 18:746.
Barasa, J.E., Mdyogolo, S., Abila, R., Grobler, J.P., Skilton, R.A., Bindeman, H., Njahira, M.N., Chemoiwa, E.J., Dangasuk, O.G., Kaunda-Arara, B. and Verheyen, E. 2017. Genetic diversity and population structure of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) in Kenya: implication for conservation and aquaculture. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 147 (2): 105–127.
Woogeng, I.N., Coetzer, W.G., Etchu, K.A., Ndamukong, K.J.N. and Grobler, J.P. 2017. Current patterns of genetic diversity in indigenous and introduced species of land snails in Cameroon reflect isolation by distance, limited founder size and known evolutionary relationships, Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 2:375-380.
Grobler, J.P., Hayter, K.N., Labuschagne, C., Nel, E.J. and Coetzer, W.G. 2017. The genetic status of naturally occurring black-nosed impala from northern South Africa. Mammalian Biology, 82: 27–33.
Van Wyk, A., Dalton, D.L., Hoban, S., Bruford, M., Russo, I-S.M., Birss, C., Grobler, J.P., Janse van Vuuren, B., Kotzé, A. 2017. Quantitative evaluation of hybridization and the impact on biodiversity conservation. Ecology and Evolution, 7(1): 320–330.
Du Toit, Z., Grobler, J.P., Kotze, A., Jansen, R. and Dalton, D.L. 2016. Scale samples from Temminck's ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii): a non-invasive source of DNA. Conservation Genetics Resources, doi:10.1007/s12686-016-0602-3.
Labuschagne, C., Nupen, L., Kotzé, A., Grobler, J.P. & Dalton, D. 2016. Genetic monitoring of ex situ African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) populations in South Africa. African Zoology, 51: 83-90.
Turner, T.R., Coetzer, W.G., Schmitt, C.A., Lorenz, J.G., Freimer, N.B. and Grobler, J.P. 2016. Localized population divergence of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus spp.) in South Africa: evidence from mtDNA. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159: 17-30.
Jones, J.W., Johnson, N., Grobler, J.P., Schilling, D., Neves, R.J. and Hallerman, E.M. 2015. Endangered Rough Pigtoe Pearlymussel: assessment of phylogenetic status and genetic differentiation of two disjunct populations. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 6(2): 338-349.
Pienaar, L., Neser, F.W.C., Grobler, J.P., Scholtz, M.M., Swart, H., Ehlers, K., Marx, M. and MacNeil, M.D. 2015. Pedigree analysis of the Afrikaner cattle breed. Animal Genetic Resources, 57: 51-56.
Labuschagne, C., Nupen, L., Kotz, A., Grobler, J.P. and Dalton, D.L. 2015. Assessment of microsatellite and SNP markers for parentage assignment in ex situ African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) populations. Ecology and Evolution, 5(19): 4389-4399.
Grobler, J.P., Ndyogolo, S., Barasa, J., Abila, R., Bindeman, H. and Schlemmer, A.F.J. 2015. Genetic identification of invasive walking catfish Clarias batrachus intermingled with African catfish C. gariepinus in South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 45(1): 55–62.
Pienaar, L., Grobler, J.P. Neser, F.W.C., Scholtz, M.M. Swart, H. Ehlers, K. & Marx, M. 2014. Genetic diversity in selected stud and commercial herds of the Afrikaner cattle breed. South African Journal of Animal Science, 44: S80-S84.
Kotzé, A., Grobler, J.P., Van Marle-Köster, E., Jonker, T. and Dalton, D.L. 2014. The Tankwa Karoo National Park feral goat population: a unique genetic resource. South African Journal of Animal Science, 44: 43-48.
Labuschagne,C., Kotzé, A., Grobler, J.P. and Dalton, D.L. 2014. The Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus). Gene, 534: 113-118.
Theron, N., Dalton, D., Grobler, J.P., Jansen, R. and Kotze, A. Molecular insights on the re-colonization of the Limpopo Valley, South Africa, by Southern Ground-Hornbills. Journal of Ornithology, in print (DOI 10.1007/s10336-013-0937-4).
Labuschagne, C., Kotzé, A., Grobler, J.P. and Dalton, D.L. 2013. A targeted gene approach to SNP discovery in the White Rhino (Ceratotherium simum). Conservation Genetics Resources, 5: 265-266.
Labuschagne, C., Van Wyk, A.M., Kotzé, A., Grobler, J.P. and Dalton, 2013. D.L. Isolation and characterization of species-specific microsatellite loci in African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus). Conservation Genetics Resources, 5: 169-171.
Schwab, P., Debes, P.V., Witt, T., Hartl, G,B., Hmwe, S.S., Zachos, F.E. and Grobler, J.P. 2012. Genetic structure of the common impala (Aepyceros melampus melampus) in South Africa: Phylogeography and implications for conservation. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 50: 76-84.
Soma, P., Kotze, A., Grobler, J.P. and Van Wyk, J.P. 2012. South African sheep breeds: population genetic structure and conservation implications. Small Ruminant Research,103: 112-119.
Grobler, J.P., Jones, J.W., Johnson, Grobler, J.P., Jones, J.W., Johnson, N.A., Neves, R.J. and Hallerman, E.M. 2011. Homogeneity at nuclear microsatellite loci masks mitochondrial haplotype diversity in the endangered fanshell pearlymussel (Cyprogenia stegaria). Journal of Heredity, 102(2): 196-206.
Grobler, J.P., Rushworth, I., Brink, J.S., Bloomer, P., Kotze, A., Reilly, B. & Vrahimis, S. 2011. Management of hybridization in an endemic species: decision making in the face of imperfect information in the case of the black wildebeest – Connochaetes gnou. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 57: 997-1006.
Bubb, A, Ehlers, K., Kotze, A and Grobler, J.P. 2011. The effect of sample age and storage method on DNA yield and microsatellite amplification from baboon (Papio ursinus) faecal samples. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 57: 971-975..
Moganedi, K.L.M., Sibara, M.M., Grobler, J.P. and Goyvaerts, E.M.A. 2011. An assessment of genetic diversity among marula populations (Sclerocarya birrea) using the AFLP Technique. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(4): 790-797.
Peters, F., Kotze, A., Van der Bank, F.H. and Grobler, J.P. 2010. Genetic profile of the locally developed Meatmaster sheep breed in South Africa based on microsatellite analysis. Small Ruminant Research, 90: 101-108.
Swart, H., Kotze, A. Olivier, P.A.S. and Grobler, J.P. 2010. Microsatellite-based characterization of Southern African domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). South African Journal of Animal Science, 40(2), 121-132.
Garrine, C.M.L.P., Kotze, A., Els, H. and Grobler, J.P. 2010. Genetic characterization of the indigenous Landim and Pafuri goat breeds from Mozambique. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(22): 3130-3137.
Kotze, A., Ehlers, K., Cilliers, D.C. and Grobler, J.P. 2008. The power of resolution of microsatellite markers and assignment tests to determine the origin of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in southern Africa. Mammalian Biology, 73: 457-462.
Hallerman, E.M., Grobler, J.P. and Jones, W.J. 2007. Application of DNA markers for population genetic analysis. In: Aquaculture Genome Technologies. Edited by J. Liu. Blackwell Publishing. 584pp. (ISBN: 9780813802039).
Henley, W.F., Grobler, J.P. and Neves, R.J. 2006. Non-invasive method to obtain DNA from freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Journal of Shellfish Research, 25(3): 975-978.
Vignieri, S.N., Hallerman, E.M., Bergstrom, B.J., Hafner, D.J., Martin, A.P., Devers, P., Grobler, J.P. and N. Hitt. 2006. Mistaken view of taxonomic validity undermines conservation of an evolutionarily distinctive mouse: a response to Ramey et al. (2005). Animal Conservation, 9: 237-243.
Grobler, J.P., Jones, J.W., Johnson, N.A., Beaty, B., Struthers, J., Neves, R.J. and Hallerman, E.M. 2006. Patterns of genetic differentiation in the slabside pearlymussel, Lexingtonia dolabelloides Lea 1840, in the Tennessee River drainage. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 72: 65-75.
Grobler, J.P. 2006. Enzyme structure, enzyme function and allozyme variability in mammals: trends from South African population genetic studies. African Zoology, 41(1): 137-142.
Grobler, J.P., Pretorius, D.M., Botha, K., Kotze, A., Hallerman, E.M. and Jansen van Vuuren, B. 2005. An exploratory analysis of geographic genetic variation in southern African nyala (Tragelaphus angasii). Mammalian Biology, 70: 291-299.
Grobler, J.P., Kotze, A., Swart, H. and Hallerman, E.M. 2005. The application of microsatellite DNA markers for forensic analysis of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). South African Journal of Science, 101: 19-21.
Grobler, J.P., Hartl. G.B., Grobler, N., Kotze, A., Botha, K. and Tiedemann, R. 2005. The genetic status of an isolated black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou) population from the Abe Bailey Nature Reserve, South Africa: Microsatellite data on a putative past hybridization with blue wildebeest (C. taurinus). Mammalian Biology, 70: 35-45.
Nolte, M., Kotzé, A. Van der Bank, F.H. and Grobler, J.P. 2005. Microsatellite markers reveal low genetic differentiation among southern African Camelus dromedarius populations. South African Journal of Animal Science, 35(3): 152-161.
Kotze, A., Swart, H., Grobler, J.P. and Nemaangani, A. 2004. A genetic profile of the Kalahari Red goat breed from southern Africa. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34(1): 10-12.
Greyling, M., Grobler, J.P., Van der Bank, F.H. and Kotze, A. 2004. Genetic characterization of a domestic dog Canis familiaris breed endemic to South African rural areas. Acta Theriologica, 49(3): 369-382.
Grobler, J.P., Mafumo. H.B. and Min
Conservation and Population Genetics
My main research interest is genetic connectivity among populations, and the identification and management of possibly unique geographical genetic variants within species, at levels lower than the levels traditionally addressed by taxonomists, thus addressing ESUs (evolutionary significant units) and MUs (management units). This question is studied using various organisms as models, extending from large ungulates and primates down to invertebrates (including freshwater mussels). I have also studied genetic diversity in fragmented populations through most of my career. The current aim is to include an adaptive component, to gauge the real fitness effects of loss of genetic diversity. A final research interest is hybridization between species, specifically between blue and black wildebeest. The aim of the latter work is to find DNA markers and statistical approaches for the unambiguous identification of hybrids.
Courses Presented
GENP6824 (Conservation Genetics)
GENE3744 (Population Genetics)
Faculty Manager: Velaphi Makgwahla
E: makgwahlamvt@ufs.ac.za
Marketing Manager: Elfrieda Lötter
E: lottere@ufs.ac.za


text:
Bynes launched her comeback campaign with a tell-all interview with Paper Magazine. (Image via Paper Mag)
Screens x December 15, 2018
Amanda Bynes Is Back, and She's Looking for a Clean Slate
If she pulls it off, Bynes' turnaround would be one of the most dramatic in celebrity history.
By Paige Brauser, Connecticut College
I have watched the movie "What A Girl Wants" starring Amanda Bynes in my grandmother's bedroom more times than I'd care to recall — sometimes on repeat. In 2010, Bynes took one final acting gig, "Easy A," before announcing that she would be taking a break from the spotlight. If you were wondering why she suddenly disappeared, she commented on her decision last year: "I literally couldn't stand my appearance in 'Easy A' and I didn't like my performance. I was absolutely convinced I needed to stop acting after seeing it."
Granted, the former Nickelodeon star admitted she was on something when watching "Easy A" for the first time. "I was high on marijuana when I saw it," she said. "It absolutely changed my perception of things." She started smoking marijuana consistently at the age of 16, around the pinnacle of her stardom. Whatever the reason, shortly after the film's release, she tweeted, "I don't love acting anymore, so I've stopped doing it."
Bynes was born on April 3, 1986, in Thousand Oaks, California. She is the youngest of three children. Her mother, Lynn, was a dental assistant, while her father, Richard, is now a retired dentist. Seems like a pretty perfect match to me. Bynes' acting career took off before she hit double digits. She first appeared in a Nestle commercial at the age of 7 before starring in the Nickelodeon show "All That." She performed so well in these early gigs that her comedic skill and stage presence landed her "The Amanda Show," a play on "The Carol Burnett Show."
Unfortunately, the years following "Easy A" were not so good to her. A combination of marijuana use and, ironically, some free time in her typically crazy schedule led Bynes on a downward spiral. She remembers feeling like she "just had no purpose in life." To go from memorizing lines, attending rehearsals and following a strict routine to having so much free time, the young star simply didn't know what to do with herself. She just sat at home watching TV and tweeting.
We Need to Revive Kids' Sketch Comedy Shows, STAT
Receiving a DUI, throwing a bong out of her apartment window and reportedly "starting a fire in a neighbor's driveway" led to her being hospitalized and later receiving involuntary psychiatric treatment. But 2019 is around the corner, and Bynes is apparently revving up to reenter the limelight.
Bynes was unrecognizable in her 2013 court hearing after she was arrested for throwing a bong out of her apartment window. (Image via People)
However, just because she managed to stay under the radar doesn't mean she wasn't busy. In 2014, Bynes enrolled in the Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising in Los Angeles. Unfortunately, she was kicked out of FIDM for allegedly showing up to class high and paying fellow students to complete several of her homework assignments. She was able to reenroll in FIDM at the end of 2015 "after entering a treatment facility."
She changed course and pursued a major in product development, graduating that same year. But now the Nickelodeon child star seems genuine about putting the past behind her and acting again. Although the former actress has received multiple offers, Bynes is waiting for the right one to come along.
In June 2017, Bynes sat down with Diana Madison of "The Lowdown" for her first interview in four years. Perhaps more shocking than Bynes' seemingly unexpected appearance was her platinum blond hair. It was clear that being on camera is something that she has to become comfortable with again. Her laughter was more nervous than anything, as she was probably just hoping to get through the interview without any hiccups, which she did.
As to how she has been keeping herself busy and on the straight and narrow, she discussed fashion school. The actress shared, "I've learned how to sew, I make patterns and I want to start a clothing line in the future. Other than that, I hike, go spinning, take spinning classes and I feed the homeless and that's been really interesting and fun."
I hate to say it, but I was a little concerned by Bynes' comment about "feeding the homeless." I couldn't help but question if perhaps the reason she decided to share this tidbit was to try and get back in the good graces of Hollywood or the rest of the world. I wish I weren't this skeptical, but the thought has certainly crossed my mind.
Regardless, Bynes' friends and family say she is doing well. And it shows. Recently, the recovering starlet was on the cover of Paper Magazine's third cover in their "Break the Internet" issue. In her interview that followed, she opened up about why she shied away from the cameras for so many years. Looking back to 2010 after seeing herself in "Easy A," Bynes wholeheartedly regretted her decision to retire at the time. Clearly, it was in the heat of the moment, and marijuana and whatever other drugs were in her system surely didn't help matters. She said her decision was "really foolish," that she was "young and stupid" and would change everything that now makes her feel "really ashamed and embarrassed."
In November, Bynes was featured on the cover of Paper Magazine, looking much healthier than she has in previous years. (Image via Paper Magazine)
Bynes is taking it slow, day by day. But sure enough, her dream to start a clothing line is in the works. On Oct. 12, she filed the necessary paperwork to trademark her now officially trademarked brand, Vintage By Amanda Bynes. The former actress intends to sell coats, crop tops, dresses, footwear, hats and more.
It has become evident that her foray into fashion will be an instrumental component of Bynes' comeback. While the child star is getting herself to a good place, she has a life lesson to share with her fans and anyone else who may need to hear it: "Be really, really careful because you could lose it all and ruin your entire life like I did."
While the actress made a series of bad choices, she is still young, with a lot of life left in her. I wish I could tell her that she did not in fact "ruin her life." But Bynes is slowly but surely getting to be in a good place, so maybe that's all that really matters.
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Home Sports Stars Male Roberto Firmino Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Roberto Firmino Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Roberto Firmino Barbosa de Oliveira
Roberto Firmino celebrates a goal against Swansea City on October 1, 2016
Maceió, Brazil
Professional Soccer Player
Siblings – Unknown
Firmino is signed with ROGON.
Forward, Attacking Midfielder, Winger
Shirt Number
5 ft 11 in or 180.5 cm
Roberto Firmino is married to Larissa Pereira with whom he started dating back in 2013. Together, they are parents of one daughter Valentina (born in 2014).
Roberto Firmino and Larissa Pereira
Specific hairstyle
Roberto Firmino's body specifications may be –
Chest – 37.5 in or 95 cm
Arms / Biceps – 14 in or 35.5 cm
Waist – 31 in or 79 cm
Roberto Firmino shirtless body
Roberto has been sponsored by Adidas and Imprint.
Firmino's religious beliefs are not known.
Firmino is a versatile player, who can play as forward, winger, and attacking midfielder too.
He is known for his time at the German team TSG 1899 Hoffenheim with whom he spent 4 years of his career from 2011 until 2015. Roberto appeared in a total of 140 matches for the Germans and managed to score a total of 38 goals.
First Soccer Match
On October 24, 2009, Firmino debuted for Toninho in a 1-2 defeat to Ponte Preta in the Serie B championship.
He had his debut for Hoffenheim in February 2011 against Mainz. He came in as a substitute for Sebastian Rudy in the 75th minute of the match.
Roberto played his first official match for Liverpool FC on August 2, 2015 against Swindon Town.
On November 12, 2014, Firmino earned his first national cap in a friendly match 4-0 win over Turkey.
Holding on to the ball
Defensive contribution
Powerful shot
The player has no significant weaknesses.
Roberto has not performed as an actor in a movie yet.
Other than soccer matches itself, Firmino has not appeared in any other TV show yet.
Roberto Firmino Favorite Things
Roberto's favorite things are not known.
Roberto Firmino in action during a match between Liverpool and Derby County on September 20, 2016
Roberto Firmino Facts
Firmino began his soccer training at a local Brazilian club called CRB.
At the age of 17, Roberto shifted to the youth categories of another Brazilian club Figueirense where he stayed until 2010.
On May 8, 2010, Roberto scored his first professional goal of his career in a match against Sao Caetano.
In December 2010, Firmino penned a deal with the Bundesliga team Hoffenheim until 2015. Then, on March 27, 2014, Roberto extended his contract for three more years.
On June 23, 2015, Firmino and Hoffenheim reached an agreement about Roberto's possible transfer to the English Premier League club Liverpool FC. The deal was finalized on July 4, 2015, after the Brazilian passed Liverpool's medical tests. He penned a deal worth 29 million British pounds.
In January 2016, Firmino was chosen as Liverpool's Player of the Month.
Visit Firmino's official website @ robertofirmino.com.
Follow Roberto on Instagram and Facebook.
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