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- The Energy Mix - https://theenergymix.com -
Massive Job Counts Show Renewables, Efficiency Taking Hold in 'Every U.S. Zip Code'
Posted By Mitchell Beer In Auto & Alternative Vehicles,Batteries/Storage,Bioenergy,Carbon-Free Transition,Cities,Coal,Demand & Efficiency,Drive to 1.5,Energy Politics,General Renewables,Hydropower,Jobs & Training,Oil & Gas,Shale & Fracking,Solar,Sub-National Governments,United States,Wind |
U.S. DoE/flickr
The Los Angeles, New York City, Chicago, and Boston regions lead the list of metropolitan areas that emerge as "America's top 50 clean energy job engines," producing 1.8 million jobs in energy efficiency and renewable energy—more than half of the country's 3,176,8329 clean energy employment, Environmental Entrepreneurs reports in a survey released this week.
The 50 communities employ 162,051 more workers in energy efficiency alone than the entire U.S. fossil industry, and their renewable energy work force outnumbers coal workers nearly two-fold.
SUBSCRIBE [1]
"Each day, more than three million Americans wake up and get to work building our clean energy economy," E2 states. "These workers install solar panels atop our homes and commercial buildings, manufacture wind turbines, and reduce wasted energy by making our homes, schools, and offices more energy efficient. And they now work in every zip code in the country."
The total count across 50 communities in 33 states: 1,286,816 jobs in energy efficiency and 328,336 in renewables as of May 2018. The total "includes all clean energy jobs categories, including solar, wind, energy efficiency, clean vehicles, battery storage, advanced biofuels, low-impact hydro, and other areas," E2 states. (Disclosure: The Energy Mix publisher Mitchell Beer is a member of E2.)
Those "top 50 metros" account for 38% of all the clean energy jobs across the country—reinforcing E2's point that this work force is both concentrated and widespread.
The analysis reveals [2] that:
Despite Donald Trump's obsessive efforts to resuscitate the country's failing coal industry and compensate his oil and gas donors with a lavish deregulatory agenda, clean energy employment in the U.S. exceeds fossil jobs nearly three-fold.
There are as many energy efficiency workers as there are waiters and waitresses in America's bars and restaurants.
The country employs as many clean energy workers as school teachers.
Renewable energy employees outnumber workers in agriculture, fishing, and forestry industries.
There are more solar energy workers in the U.S. than firefighters and pharmacists.
Clean energy means jobs for more than 350,000 veterans of America's foreign wars, who make up 11.2% of the clean energy work force.
And E2 notes that "clean energy jobs are local jobs that cannot be outsourced."
"I enjoy it, you know," said steel press operator Paul Golphin of Cleveland, Ohio. "I am helping to build the future. We need more clean energy, making us not so reliant on fossil fuels, and we are bringing jobs back to the community. All that is our future."
"I was looking for a profession with longevity and a good future," said solar site assessor Kim Griffin of Amherst, Wisconsin. "That's why I went with renewables."
"Our work in providing cost-saving energy efficiency solutions makes it possible for an elderly widow to make ends meet, a single mother to buy groceries, or a young paralegal to pay their mortgage," said Derrick Blue, interim CEO of the Tampa Hillsborough Action Plan in Tampa Bay, Florida.
While the top five on E2's cities' list are all in "blue states" based on 2016 voting patterns, the full list includes metropolitan areas in Texas (Houston and Dallas-Fort Worth place seventh and eighth, Austin 27th, and San Antonio 35th), Florida, Michigan, Georgia, Arizona, Wisconsin, Missouri, Indiana, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Ohio, Kentucky, Utah, Kansas, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and West Virginia.
In separate releases, Advanced Energy Economy points to more than 160,000 advanced energy jobs in Florida [3]—more than real estate, and double the work force in department stores—despite the notorious decision by governor and U.S. senate candidate Rick Scott to ban [4] references to climate change and global warming in state publications. In Texas [5], advanced energy employs 233,000 people, more than the combined work force in mining, oil, and gas, and double the number in auto dealerships.
1 Comment (Open | Close)
1 Comment To "Massive Job Counts Show Renewables, Efficiency Taking Hold in 'Every U.S. Zip Code'"
#1 Comment By Geoffrey Pounder On September 29, 2018 @ 6:50 PM
Typo. The actual figure reported by the survey is 58%.
Article printed from The Energy Mix: https://theenergymix.com
URL to article: https://theenergymix.com/2018/09/28/massive-job-counts-show-renewables-efficiency-taking-hold-in-every-u-s-zip-code/
[1] SUBSCRIBE: http://eepurl.com/Z7ZCr
[2] reveals: https://cleanjobscount.org/impact-country/
[3] Florida: https://info.aee.net/florida-advanced-energy-jobs-fact-sheet-1-0-1-0
[4] ban: https://theenergymix.com/2015/03/11/florida-bans-references-to-climate-change-global-warming/
[5] Texas: https://www.texasadvancedenergy.org/more-texas-workers-in-advanced-energy-than-in-mining-oil-gas
[6] : https://www.e2.org/cleanjobscities/
Copyright © 2017 The Energy Mix. All rights reserved.


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Natural Enuresis Treatment
99 Ways To Stop Bedwetting
53 Minutes From Now, You'll Know Exactly How To Stop Your Child From Wetting The Bed...Without Drama Or Discipline. It's one of the hardest problems families face and can be very tough on a child's self esteem. When one of your children is a bed wetter, it can be a very sensitive topic. Even though it's a normal part of growing up, siblings can still give them a hard time.
Stop Bedwetting Today
By James Heintz on Fri, 12 Jul 2019
Here Are Just a Few Examples of What You'll Discover Inside: The 6 important warning signs that most parents completely overlook. How your behavior can actually be causing your child's bedwetting problem. What to tell your child to make him or her feel better about their problem. How to know for sure that it's time for your child to see a doctor? What you can do to make bedtime less stressful for your child. The easy way to tell whether or not your child has a more serious problem. The single most important thing you can do to make it easier for your child to tell you about an accident. 10 warning signs that you need to seek more aggressive treatment. Click Here to Purchase Stop Bedwetting Today. Why making your child go to sleep earlier can actually help him or her to stop wetting the bed. 6 vital steps that you must follow to prevent your child from developing skin irritations. The single most harmful thing you can do when trying to stop bedwetting. Discover how to give your child hope. How to use night lifting to keep your child dry. 3 bladder control exercises guaranteed to help your child. Click Here to Purchase Stop Bedwetting Today. Which liquids to keep your child away from in the evening. Note: They aren't what you think! The 3 single most effective medications to stop bedwetting fast. Discover the 10 things you should write down every time your child wets the bed. Doing this one simple thing can have a huge impact on your child's problem. What your pediatrician absolutely needs to know, and when you should think about getting a second opinion. 7 amazing resources that can give you incredible information on your child's specific problem. The 5 all-important questions to ask before attempting any bedwetting fix.
Stop Bedwetting Today Summary
Author: Shannon Miller
My Stop Bedwetting Today Review
I usually find books written on this category hard to understand and full of jargon. But the writer was capable of presenting advanced techniques in an extremely easy to understand language.
Overall my first impression of this book is good. I think it was sincerely written and looks to be very helpful.
Last Updated on Thu, 30 Apr 2015 | Antiepileptic Drugs
Interictal electroencephalograms (EEGs) were normal except for a mild slowing in the left frontocentral region. Five seizures were recorded during video-telemetry. Seizures were all induced by an unexpected acoustic stimulus (Figure 25.2). The seizures started with a startle reaction, followed by tonic posturing with symmetrical extension of arms and legs, accompanied by a loud, undulating, high-pitched vocalization. This was followed by rhythmic pelvic movements, a rolling of the body and frenetic, thrashing movements of all limbs. There was also enuresis associated with long seizures. There was no postictal confusion the patient was immediately able to act and speak, and he claimed to be aware of everything that happened during the seizure. Seizure duration was always less than 1 min. The duration and severity of seizures were inconstant however, the sequence of motor elements was highly stereotypic. Ictal surface EEGs were unrevealing beyond movement artifacts.
Treatment and outcome
Last Updated on Fri, 01 May 2015 | Lobe Epilepsy
When the mother and the girl were shown the video-EEG, they realized what the problem was and finally became motivated to try a new drug. The girl was started on ethosuximide syrup without any adverse events. The absences disappeared and the child slowly regained her self-confidence. It was possible to get leave for the mother from her job for 2 months so that she could support the child. The daughter was able to regain her confidence about her school performance. The bed wetting disappeared after the valproate was tapered off (it had previously been unsuccessfully treated with a reward of 5 Danish kroner for each dry night and a penalty of 2 Danish kroner for each wet night). At discharge the patient could return to her school without problems, and the EEG was normal.
Autonomic Seizures
Last Updated on Thu, 25 Jul 2019 | Epileptic Seizures
A 15-year-old boy was admitted for uncontrolled seizures of several types. On video-EEG he was seen to stop his activity (writing) and look thoughtful, then abruptly to push his chair away from the table and look down at his lap in surprise. He called the nurse to say I had a little flash. When asked what he meant he reported that he had had a seizure and wet himself. The origin of this patient's epileptic seizures was widespread areas of the frontal lobe, including some clearly starting in the cingulate gyrus. Isolate enuresis was not recorded on intracranial monitoring (51).
Other Parasomnias
Last Updated on Mon, 10 Sep 2018 | During Sleep
The other parasomnias are disorders in which the phenomena of interest are not closely associated with a particular stage of sleep. Of the other parasomnias, features of three may suggest the possibility of epilepsy sleep bruxism, sleep enuresis, and nocturnal dissociative disorder. In the psychogenic nocturnal dissociative disorder, conscious awareness becomes dissociated from behavior, and patients perform complex activities for which they are amnestic. Patients are often young women with psychiatric conditions, and the episodes are sometimes accompanied by self-mutilating behavior and injuries.
Last Updated on Sun, 13 Mar 2016 | During Sleep
Sleep enuresis, defined as recurrent involuntary bedwetting that occurs beyond the age of expected nocturnal bladder control, is a common distressing disorder. The age at which continence is expected varies across cultures while the prevalence of continence is similar. In general, girls attain nocturnal continence earlier than boys. If continence has never been attained, the disorder is called primary sleep enuresis, while enuresis that recurs following a period of at least 3 months of bladder control is called secondary sleep enuresis. Primary sleep enuresis accounts for 75 of cases however, in older children, up to half have secondary enuresis. Because nocturnal seizures may be accompanied by incontinence, epilepsy is sometimes a part of the differential diagnosis. The majority of children achieve bladder control by age 4 with a 1-3 prevalence of enuresis at age 12 and a 1 prevalence in young adults (Schmitt, 1984 Klackenberg, 1987 Friman and Warzak, 1990). Daytime enuresis occurs...
Biological Basis
Last Updated on Mon, 11 Jan 2016 | During Sleep
Genetic factors may play a role in some cases. Enuresis is more common in children of enuretics than in the general population, and in some families, the pattern of involvement is consistent with an autosomal dominant inheritance with greater than 90 penetrance. Linkage to markers on chromosome 13 has been reported (Eiberg et al., 1995). Primary sleep enuresis is caused by a combination of genetic, maturational, psychosocial, and endocrinological factors the relative importance of each of these varies across individuals. Anatomic abnormalities of the genitourinary system and other sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea are uncommon in enuretic children although they may contribute to enuresis in some (Friman, 1995). Psychosocial factors that may contribute to or exacerbate enuresis include marital discord, parental separation, sexual abuse, and birth of a sibling. Maturational factors may also contribute because enuretic children tend to have lower birth weight, delayed...
Last Updated on Mon, 14 Mar 2016 | During Sleep
The parasomnias refer to clinical disorders consisting of undesirable physical phenomena that occur predominantly during sleep (DCSC, 1990). They have been classified based on the stage of sleep from which they originate. They include both normal and abnormal phenomena. Included in the category of NREM parasomnias are hypnic jerks and hypnic imagery, considered to be normal, in addition to confusional arousals, sleep terrors (pavor nocturnus), and sleepwalking (somnambulism), referred to as disorders of arousal. These all originate from deep NREM sleep, stages 3 and 4. They are all common in childhood and decrease in frequency as age increases. These individuals tend to have a family history of similar disorders. REM parasomnias include nightmares and REM behavior disorder (RBD). A third group consists of disorders that may occur during any or all sleep stages and includes bruxism, enuresis, rhythmic movement disorder (including head-banging), sleep talking (somniloquy), and...
Postictal Sleep
Last Updated on Thu, 07 Apr 2016 | During Sleep
Postictal sleep is a common phenomenon after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. The patient may pass through several stages from sleep to delirium to drowsiness before awakening. During the late postictal state, the heart rate begins to normalize from the typical ictal tachycardia. There is a decrease in muscle tone with bladder sphincter relaxation and incontinence that typically occurs in the early postictal phase. In the immediate postictal phase, there is partial obstruction of the airway resulting in stertorous respirations. Deep tendon reflexes are diminished and the plantar responses are sometimes extensor. The patient then may pass into sleep. If the seizure occurs during the night, the patient may sleep through the postictal period and awaken with complaints of tongue soreness, muscle aches, or nocturnal enuresis. Patients may often experience postictal morning headaches or unexplained bruises.
Intermittent explosive disorder in
Epilepsy dissociation Postictal
Mesial Temporal Lobe Seizures
In Vitro Models Absence Epilepsy
Examinations investigations Lobe
The MES scPTZ tests Epilepsy
THE VAGuS Nerve StimuLation
Pathophysiology uld Epilepsy
Indusium Griseum Epilepsy
Epilepsy in Developing Countries
Application Practicalities
Acute Slices Status Epilepticus
Clinical evidence synergistic
Laboratory Studies Epilepsy
Epilepsy Diagnosis
Pyramidal Cells
Epilepsy Neuroimaging
Postictal Psychosis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sir Arnold Theiler KCMG (26 March 1867 – 24 July 1936) Pour le Mérite is considered to be the father of veterinary science in South Africa. He was born in Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland. He received his higher education, and later qualified as a veterinarian, in Zurich. In 1891 Theiler travelled to South Africa and at first found employment as a farm worker on Irene Estates near Pretoria, owned by Nellmapius, but later that year started practising as a veterinarian.
His success at producing a vaccine to combat an outbreak of smallpox among the miners of the Witwatersrand brought him an appointment as state veterinarian for the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, in which capacity he served during the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902. During this period his research team developed a vaccine against rinderpest, a malignant and contagious disease of cattle. His tremendous energy, pioneering spirit and professional integrity brought him international recognition.
He described in 1919 what is now known as Theiler's disease (acute serum hepatitis, postvaccination hepatitis or idiopathic acute hepatic disease) - one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis in horses - when he observed the symptoms of liver disease in animals vaccinated against African horse sickness with a combination of live virus and equine antiserum. This disease is now known to be caused by a pegivirus.
Theiler was the first Director of the Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, outside Pretoria. This institute under his leadership carried out research on African horse sickness, sleeping sickness, malaria, East Coast fever (Theileria parva) and tick-borne diseases such as redwater, heartwater and biliary. The University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science was established there in 1920 which enabled veterinarians to train locally for the first time. Theiler became the first dean of this faculty.
He married Emma Sophie Jegge (1861–1951) and had two sons and two daughters, the younger two of whom worked at Onderstepoort: Hans (1894–1947), a veterinarian; Margaret (1896–1988), a teacher; Gertrud (1897–1986), a parasitologist and professor; and Max Theiler (1899–1972), a Nobel laureate in 1951 in Physiology and Medicine.
^ a b c Jaff, Fay (1963). "Arnold Theiler - Veterinary Genius and Founder of Onderstepoort". They Came to South Africa. Cape Town: H. Timmins. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
^ Chandriani, S; Skewes-Cox, P; Zhong, W; Ganem, DE; Divers, TJ; Van Blaricum, AJ; Tennant, BC; Kistler, AL (9 April 2013). "Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (15): E1407–15. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219217110. PMC 3625295. PMID 23509292.
Biography of Arnold Theiler at the S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science.
This page was last edited on 22 March 2018, at 02:00 (UTC).


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Home » Health News » COVID-19 Patient Receives Lung Transplant From Living Donors
COVID-19 Patient Receives Lung Transplant From Living Donors
April 10, 2021 TimeMagazine Off Health News
TOKYO — Doctors in Japan announced Thursday they have successfully performed the world's first transplant of lung tissue from living donors to a patient with severe lung damage from COVID-19.
The recipient, identified only as a woman from Japan's western region of Kansai, is recovering after the nearly 11-hour operation on Wednesday, Kyoto University Hospital said in a statement. It said her husband and son, who donated parts of their lungs, are also in stable condition.
The university said it was the world's first transplant of lung tissue from living donors to a person with COVID-19 lung damage. Transplants from brain-dead donors in Japan are still rare, and living donors are considered a more realistic option for patients.
"We demonstrated that we now have an option of lung transplants (from living donors)," Dr. Hiroshi Date, a thoracic surgeon at the hospital who led the operation, said at a news conference. "I think this is a treatment that gives hope for patients" with severe lung damage from COVID-19, he said.
Kyoto University said dozens of transplants of parts of lungs taken from brain-dead donors to patients with COVID-19-related lung damage have been carried out in the United States, Europe and China.
The woman contracted COVID-19 late last year and developed breathing difficulties that rapidly worsened. She was placed on a life support machine that works as an artificial lung for more than three months at another hospital because her lungs were so severely damaged.
Even after she was free of the virus, her lungs were no longer functional or treatable, and the only option for her to live was to receive a lung transplant, the university said.
Her husband and son volunteered to donate parts of their lungs, and the surgery was conducted at Kyoto University Hospital by a 30-member team headed by Dr. Date. Her husband donated part of his left lung, and son gave part of his right lung.
She is expected to be able to leave the hospital in about two months and return to her normal life in about three months, the university said.
Contributor: MARI YAMAGUCHI / AP
Previous: Hundreds of thousands of vaccine doses go unordered by states amid outbreaks, spurring calls for new approach
Next: At Last, Aid for Senior Nutrition That Offers More Than Crumbs
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Transparency: Why it Matters to Songwriters and Fans
Welcome to Part Two of FMC's look at transparency and why it matters to musicians and composers. In Part One, we described three different types of transparency, and outlined why each matters to anyone who wants to get paid in the digital age:
1. structural transparency: how different services function and how they compensate artists
2. rates and revenue transparency: how money is split, who gets paid what and why
3. repertoire transparency: readily available ownership information to facilitate more efficient licensing and accuracy in payment
Today, we're going to look at a current hot topic—direct deals for performance rights in music publishing—as a case study.
Remember, when we talk about music publishing, we're referring to the underlying composition and lyrics, which is separate and distinct from sound recordings (music captured on tape or hard drive). Publishing concerns "musical works," and rights that belong to composers and music publishers.
A public performance of a musical work is when the underlying composition is "performed" in venues or on AM/FM or digital radio. In the United States, there are three well-established performing rights organization (PROs) that collect and distribute royalties for the public performance of musical works: ASCAP, BMI and SESAC. Of these three PROs, the larger two—ASCAP and BMI—operate under agreements called "consent decrees"—a legal term, which in this instance means a set of restrictions that the government has put in place to curb anticompetitive behavior. (Our fact sheet on the consent decrees has a more detailed history.)
The ASCAP and BMI consent decrees were established several decades ago, at a time when publishers and PROs acted as gatekeepers to musical works to the disadvantage of broadcasters and the public. A compromise of sorts was stuck that allowed ASCAP and BMI to issue "blanket licenses" to broadcasters on equivalent terms, meaning they couldn't play favorites and the licenses would allow a user to perform whatever was in the PROs' catalog. For the most part, a radio station—large or small—could pay a licensing fee to ASCAP and BMI and be secure in the knowledge that they were covered.
Composers and songwriters of all backgrounds also benefited to the extent that there was an efficient way for their music to be performed, and the PROs would directly pay the writers' their 50 percent share. This money was not held by the publishers as part of any "recoupable costs" (or composer debt to the publisher.) The straightforward clarity of this arrangement—including the 50 percent non-recoupable writer income—is a great example of structural transparency.
Now that the marketplace for music is once again shifting (sales are declining and streaming music is growing but not enough to replace lost revenue), there is increased pressure on radio and radio-like services to make up the difference. Whether you think this is appropriate or not probably depends on your vantage point. At FMC, we want songwriters to be paid fairly and welcome increased revenue for musical works across the board. (We're songwriters and composers ourselves.) But we're concerned that the big publishers' plans could come at the expense of revenue transparency, meaning songwriters could have a have a harder time knowing how they're paid and why.
Let's look at the specifics of what is being proposed. Right now, music publishers—including Sony/ATV, Universal Music Publishing Group and Warner/Chappell, who together control the largest swath of musical works in the world—are pushing the US Department of Justice (DOJ) to modify the ASCAP and BMI consent decrees. The PROs are also seeking an amendment to the rules, though possibly for different reasons.
The big publishers want the ability to remove partial catalog—namely, digital rights—from the PROs in order to license with services directly. The reason is because they think they can get higher rates, but that's not a guarantee. What's more likely is that, like major labels with on-demand streaming platforms, the publishers will demand hefty cash advances or other non-play related income from digital services, and the rates will actually not increase by much, if at all. (More likely, they will offer discounts on per-stream rates in exchange up-front sums and equity shares in the service.) Will any of that "non-attributable" income make its way to songwriters and composers? Given the strong likelihood that the deals will be under non-disclosure agreements, we songwriters will likely never know.
There are other modifications under consideration at the DOJ, including the ability of PROs to license additional rights beyond public performances. We don't think this is crazy, especially considering that the PROs global counterparts already have the ability to bundle rights. But our rallying cry for transparency also applies to the PROs, who must always be improving their systems to offer the greatest degree of information possible to their writer members about the deals that are entered into on their behalf.
Now let's talk repertoire transparency. The publishers' ability to directly license digital performance rights would mean that any online radio service—including smaller commercial or non-commercial platforms and new entrants—would need to obtain specific permission from the publishers in order to perform music. That might not be the worst thing in the world, and one imagines the bigger online radio companies would have an open seat at the negotiation table. The smaller players—college radio, niche webcasters, etc.—may not be so lucky. Maybe that doesn't bother you, but we believe that the only way more songwriters get paid for performances is when their music has more chances to be played. The promise of online radio was always that it offered more opportunities for a greater diversity of music than would ever be heard on AM/FM. After all, songwriters and fans benefit when more music is performed: songwriters get paid, and fans get exposed to new sounds.
Another major frustration around repertoire transparency comes down to not knowing what is and isn't in a publisher or PRO's catalog. Without the benefit of a blanket license or (at the very least, information about what songs are off-limits), broadcasters are opening themselves up to tremendous liability—up to the tune of $150,000 per work for "willful infringement." For direct licensing to work on any level requires a degree of information about publishing repertoire that simply does not currently exist.
This problem is compounded by the fact that unlike sound recordings, which are typically owned by a single label or performed by a single artist or band, publishing can involve a staggering number of co-writers and publishers. In fact, we counted 13 writers and 17 publishers on a recent Flo Rida hit. These co-writers might not all be based in the United States, and likely belong to rights societies in their own territories. These societies no doubt have "reciprocal agreements" with ASCAP and BMI, who will collect royalties on the foreign writers' behalf. But what happens if the publishers pull just the digital catalog from the US PROs and aren't transparent about which writers this affects? Without repertoire transparency, it's what some would call a potential trainwreck of global proportions.
All of these reasons are why we're adamant that if direct deals are allowed for the digital performance of musical works, they need have some serious transparency requirements. If you're a songwriter, we encourage you to let your publisher and PRO know.
Next up in our series on transparency, we'll look at how data standards and interoperable, global databases can help increase transparency in the music industry.
Image via Shutterstock
Submitted by Casey on January 14, 2015 - 12:34pm
Performance Royalties


text:
import aiohttp
import asyncio
import json
import pytest
import urllib.parse
import uuid
import zipfile

from smartmob_agent import autoclose
from unittest import mock

@asyncio.coroutine
def get_json(client, url):
    response = yield from client.get(url)
    with autoclose(response):
        body = yield from response.read()
        return response, json.loads(body.decode('utf-8'))

@asyncio.coroutine
def post_json(client, url, payload, headers={}):
    response = yield from client.post(
        url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers
    )
    with autoclose(response):
        body = yield from response.read()
        return response, json.loads(body.decode('utf-8'))

@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_full_flow(event_loop, server, client, file_server, event_log):
    """Follows links in REST API."""

    # Create an application.
    archive_path = file_server.provide('stuff.zip')
    with zipfile.ZipFile(archive_path, 'w') as archive:
        archive.writestr('Procfile', 'web: python dots.py')
        archive.writestr('requirements.txt', 'Flask==0.10.1')

    # Start a new session.
    response, index = yield from get_json(
        client, server,
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert index['create']

    # Listing should be empty.
    response, listing = yield from get_json(
        client, index['list'],
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert listing == {
        'processes': [],
    }

    # Create a new process.
    create_request_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
    response, process = yield from post_json(
        client, index['create'], {
            'app': 'foo',
            'node': 'web.0',
            'source_url': file_server.url('stuff.zip'),
            'process_type': 'web',
        },
        headers={
            'X-Request-Id': create_request_id,
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 201
    assert process['app'] == 'foo'
    assert process['slug']
    assert process['details'] == response.headers['Location']
    assert process.pop('state') == 'pending'
    event_log.info.assert_has_calls([mock.call(
        'process.create',
        app='foo',
        node='web.0',
        slug='foo.web.0',
    )])

    # Get the process details.
    response, process2 = yield from get_json(
        client,
        process['details'],
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert process2['app'] == 'foo'
    assert process2.pop('state') == 'downloading'

    # Listing should contain our new process.
    #
    # NOTE: state here is unpredictable and flaky.
    response, listing = yield from get_json(
        client, index['list'],
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert listing['processes'][0].pop('state') == 'downloading'
    assert listing == {
        'processes': [
            process2,
        ],
    }

    # Attach console (to stream logs).
    stream = yield from client.ws_connect(
        process['attach']
    )
    event_log.info.assert_has_calls([mock.call(
        'process.attach',
        slug='foo.web.0',
    )])

    # Detach console.
    yield from stream.close()

    # Now, delete the process.
    response, delete = yield from post_json(
        client, process['delete'], {
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert delete == {}
    event_log.info.assert_has_calls([mock.call(
        'process.delete',
        slug='foo.web.0',
    )])

    # Archive download should have been logged too.
    event_log.info.assert_has_calls([mock.call(
        'http.access',
        path='/stuff.zip',
        outcome=200,
        request=create_request_id,
        duration=mock.ANY,
        **{'@timestamp': mock.ANY},
    )])

@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_create_duplicate(event_loop, server, client, file_server):

    # Create an application.
    archive_path = file_server.provide('stuff.zip')
    with zipfile.ZipFile(archive_path, 'w') as archive:
        archive.writestr('Procfile', 'web: python dots.py')
        archive.writestr('requirements.txt', 'Flask==0.10.1')

    # Start a new session.
    response, index = yield from get_json(
        client, server,
    )
    assert response.status == 200

    # Create a new process.
    response, process = yield from post_json(
        client, index['create'], {
            'app': 'foo',
            'node': 'web.0',
            'source_url': file_server.url('stuff.zip'),
            'process_type': 'web',
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 201

    # Try to create the same process again.
    response = yield from client.post(
        index['create'], data=json.dumps({
            'app': 'foo',
            'node': 'web.0',
            'source_url': file_server.url('stuff.zip'),
            'process_type': 'web',
        }),
    )
    with autoclose(response):
        assert response.status == 409

    # Now, delete the process.
    response, delete = yield from post_json(
        client, process['delete'], {},
    )
    assert response.status == 200

@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_create_missing_fields(event_loop, server, client, file_server):

    # Start a new session.
    response, index = yield from get_json(
        client, server,
    )
    with autoclose(response):
        assert response.status == 200

    def without(d, key):
        return {k: v for k, v in d.items() if k != key}

    # Full request that works.
    req = {
        'app': 'foo',
        'node': 'web.0',
        'source_url': file_server.url('stuff.zip'),
        'process_type': 'web',
    }

    # App field is required.
    response = yield from client.post(
        index['create'], data=json.dumps(without(req, 'app')),
    )
    with autoclose(response):
        assert response.status == 400

@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_unknown_slug(event_loop, server, client):

    # Try to query an unknown process.
    response = yield from client.get(
        urllib.parse.urljoin(server, '/process-status/unknown'),
        data=json.dumps({}),
    )
    with autoclose(response):
        assert response.status == 404

    # Try to delete an unknown process.
    response = yield from client.post(
        urllib.parse.urljoin(server, '/delete-process/unknown'),
        data=json.dumps({}),
    )
    with autoclose(response):
        assert response.status == 404

    # Try to attach to an unknown process.
    with pytest.raises(aiohttp.errors.WSServerHandshakeError):
        stream = yield from client.ws_connect(
            urllib.parse.urljoin(server, '/attach-console/unknown'),
        )
        print(stream)

@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_download_failure(event_loop, server, client, file_server):
    """Follows links in REST API."""

    # NOTE: intentionally do NOT provide an archive.

    # Start a new session.
    response, index = yield from get_json(
        client, server,
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert index['create']

    # Create a new process.
    response, process = yield from post_json(
        client, index['create'], {
            'app': 'qux',
            'node': 'web.0',
            'source_url': file_server.url('stuff.zip'),
            'process_type': 'web',
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 201
    assert process['app'] == 'qux'
    assert process['slug']
    assert process['details'] == response.headers['Location']
    assert process['state'] == 'pending'

    # Wait until download completes.
    while process['state'] in ('pending', 'downloading'):
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        response, process = yield from get_json(
            client,
            process['details'],
        )
        assert response.status == 200
        assert process['app'] == 'qux'

    # Process should not have started.
    assert process['state'] == 'download failure'

    # Now, delete the process.
    response, delete = yield from post_json(
        client, process['delete'], {
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert delete == {}

@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_no_procfile(event_loop, server, client, file_server):
    """Follows links in REST API."""

    # Create an application without a Procfile.
    archive_path = file_server.provide('stuff.zip')
    with zipfile.ZipFile(archive_path, 'w') as archive:
        archive.writestr('requirements.txt', 'Flask==0.10.1')

    # Start a new session.
    response, index = yield from get_json(
        client, server,
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert index['create']

    # Create a new process.
    response, process = yield from post_json(
        client, index['create'], {
            'app': 'bar',
            'node': 'web.0',
            'source_url': file_server.url('stuff.zip'),
            'process_type': 'web',
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 201
    assert process['app'] == 'bar'
    assert process['slug']
    assert process['details'] == response.headers['Location']
    assert process['state'] == 'pending'

    # Wait until download completes.
    while process['state'] in ('pending', 'downloading', 'processing'):
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        response, process = yield from get_json(
            client,
            process['details'],
        )
        assert response.status == 200
        assert process['app'] == 'bar'

    # Process should not have started.
    assert process['state'] == 'no procfile'

    # Now, delete the process.
    response, delete = yield from post_json(
        client, process['delete'], {
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert delete == {}

@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_unknown_process_type(event_loop, server, client, file_server):
    """Follows links in REST API."""

    # Create an application.
    archive_path = file_server.provide('stuff.zip')
    with zipfile.ZipFile(archive_path, 'w') as archive:
        archive.writestr('Procfile', 'web: python dots.py')
        archive.writestr('requirements.txt', 'Flask==0.10.1')

    # Start a new session.
    response, index = yield from get_json(
        client, server,
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert index['create']

    # Create a new process.
    response, process = yield from post_json(
        client, index['create'], {
            'app': 'meh',
            'node': 'web.0',
            'source_url': file_server.url('stuff.zip'),
            'process_type': 'invalid',  # note: intentional.
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 201
    assert process['app'] == 'meh'
    assert process['slug']
    assert process['details'] == response.headers['Location']
    assert process['state'] == 'pending'

    # Wait until download completes.
    while process['state'] in ('pending', 'downloading', 'processing'):
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        response, process = yield from get_json(
            client,
            process['details'],
        )
        assert response.status == 200
        assert process['app'] == 'meh'

    # Process should not have started.
    assert process['state'] == 'unknown process type'

    # Now, delete the process.
    response, delete = yield from post_json(
        client, process['delete'], {
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert delete == {}

@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_venv_failure(event_loop, server, client, file_server,
                      subprocess_factory):
    """Demonstrates resilience to internal failure."""

    # Create an application.
    archive_path = file_server.provide('stuff.zip')
    with zipfile.ZipFile(archive_path, 'w') as archive:
        archive.writestr('Procfile', 'web: python dots.py')
        archive.writestr('requirements.txt', 'Flask==0.10.1')

    # Start a new session.
    response, index = yield from get_json(
        client, server,
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert index['create']

    # Create a new process.
    response, process = yield from post_json(
        client, index['create'], {
            'app': 'meh',
            'node': 'web.0',
            'source_url': file_server.url('stuff.zip'),
            'process_type': 'web',
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 201
    assert process['app'] == 'meh'
    assert process['slug']
    assert process['details'] == response.headers['Location']
    assert process['state'] == 'pending'

    # Wait until download completes.
    while process['state'] in ('pending', 'downloading'):
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        response, process = yield from get_json(
            client,
            process['details'],
        )
        assert response.status == 200
        assert process['app'] == 'meh'

    # Wait until the virtual env process is spawned.
    while len(subprocess_factory.instances) == 0:
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)

    # Simulate failure to spawn virtual environment.
    child = subprocess_factory.last_instance
    child.mock_complete(1)

    # Process should not have started.
    while process['state'] in ('processing'):
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        response, process = yield from get_json(
            client,
            process['details'],
        )
        assert response.status == 200
        assert process['app'] == 'meh'
    assert process['state'] == 'virtual environment failure'

    # Now, delete the process.
    response, delete = yield from post_json(
        client, process['delete'], {
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert delete == {}

@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_pip_failure(event_loop, server, client, file_server,
                     subprocess_factory):
    """Demonstrates resilience to internal failure."""

    # Create an application.
    archive_path = file_server.provide('stuff.zip')
    with zipfile.ZipFile(archive_path, 'w') as archive:
        archive.writestr('Procfile', 'web: python dots.py')
        archive.writestr('requirements.txt', 'Flask==0.10.1')

    # Start a new session.
    response, index = yield from get_json(
        client, server,
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert index['create']

    # Create a new process.
    response, process = yield from post_json(
        client, index['create'], {
            'app': 'meh',
            'node': 'web.0',
            'source_url': file_server.url('stuff.zip'),
            'process_type': 'web',
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 201
    assert process['app'] == 'meh'
    assert process['slug']
    assert process['details'] == response.headers['Location']
    assert process['state'] == 'pending'

    # Wait until download completes.
    while process['state'] in ('pending', 'downloading'):
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        response, process = yield from get_json(
            client,
            process['details'],
        )
        assert response.status == 200
        assert process['app'] == 'meh'

    # Wait until the virtual env process is spawned.
    while len(subprocess_factory.instances) == 0:
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)

    # Let the virtual environment appear to succeed.
    child = subprocess_factory.last_instance
    child.mock_complete(0)

    # Wait until the pip process is spawned.
    while len(subprocess_factory.instances) == 1:
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)

    # Simulate failure to install dependencies.
    child = subprocess_factory.last_instance
    child.mock_complete(1)

    # Process should not have started.
    while process['state'] in ('processing'):
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        response, process = yield from get_json(
            client,
            process['details'],
        )
        assert response.status == 200
        assert process['app'] == 'meh'
    assert process['state'] == 'pip install failure'

    # Now, delete the process.
    response, delete = yield from post_json(
        client, process['delete'], {
        },
    )
    assert response.status == 200
    assert delete == {}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Couldn't resist pullng out my camera as I was un-decorating such shiny, sparkling color.
Just love all the reflection (although I can see my camera too).
Don't the lights look like stars, almost as though I had a filter?
But, I don't have fancy equipment like that.
They are actually reflections of the ceiling fan above the table!
...then wrapping it up for another year.
It's very colorful. I will put away my Christmas stuff on January 10. Happy New Year!
Enjoyed your photos so much, beautiful, shiny, sparkling intense colors!
Wonderful and so pretty. I love the decorations but it's always nice to get back to normal too.


text:
Summertime Events in the Triangle are Sizzling in July!
access_time July 8, 2018 (Updated: Jul 5, 2018)personLisa EllishomeBlog Home
Summertime Events in the Triangle are Sizzling in July! When it comes to hot fun in the summer, nobody brings the heat quite like Raleigh-Durham! Check out the upcoming events in the Triangle around you this month.
Calling all Foodies
It's only appropriate that we kick off this month's firey festivities by cooling down with everybody's favorite summer treat! Celebrate National Ice Cream Day this Sunday at Hillsborough's own Maple View Farm, the place to be for homegrown flavors and plenty of fun! Enjoy live music along with lawn games, face painters, visits with a calf, the Napoli Food truck and more!
The foodie fun doesn't end there! Let the tastes of NC transport you back in time at Duke Homestead this Saturday with the Pork, Pickles & Peanuts festival! Celebrate the food culture and history of the Old North State at this tasty event, complete with a BBQ and Pie contest!
If you're still craving native NC nosh at the end of the month, head over to Cary's Koka Booth Amphitheatre for the Beer, Bourbon, & BBQ Festival July 27-28. The name says it all! Enjoy unlimited beer and bourbon tastings as you stroll through the tables and tents where 40 bourbons and 60 beers will be on tap. Top it off with heavy portions of BBQ galore and all the fixin's you could want along with the sweet sounds of all-day live music!
Sunflowers & Superheros
For a day of free family fun this Saturday, head over to Sunfest at Dix Park, the new location for Raleigh's famous annual sunflower field! From 2-7pm this Saturday, enjoy a solar celebration which will include arts and crafts, performance artists, a photo booth, food trucks and brews, and a live bluegrass concert by Shiloh Hill!
Keep your eyes peeled for superheroes hanging around the capital city later this month when Supercon returns to Raleigh, the 27-29. This three-day festival for fans of pop culture, superheroes, science fiction, andanime will feature comic book creators, artist, cosplayers, and celebrity guests like William Shatner, Henry Winkler, Alice Cooper, Joey Fatone, and Barry Bostwick! This event is expected to bring 30,000 attendees together to see and be seen, meet celebrities, go head-to-head in video games, and generally geek out!
Summertime Events for Music & Art Lovers
If grooving to live music is more your thing, there are plenty of amazing opportunities for that this month! Grammy award-winner, Jill Scott will return to DPAC July 10th for the first time since her sold-out show in 2015. On Thursday, you'll have your choice of shows with Arcade Fire at Red Hat Amphitheater and Lake Street Dive at the North Carolina Museum of Art. Red Hat Amphitheater will also host the doo-wop queen herself, Ms. Lauryn Hill on the 25th. For the classic outdoor summer concert experience, head to Walnut Creek when Dave Matthews Band jams out on the 20th and Keith Urban brings some country twang on the 27th.
Finally, be sure to top off your month of taking part in all that our area has to offer by enjoying someworld-renowned local art! The NC Museum of History has an exciting new exhibit that will thrill fans of art, the NFL, and the history of our own home state. Explore the work of athlete-turned-artist, Ernie Barnes, a Durham-native and NC Central alum. Barnes was known for his unique style of elongation, energy, and movement, and affectionately nicknamed "Big Rembrandt" by his football teammates. He's known for having art featured on the TV series Good Times, as and the cover of Marvin Gaye's album, "I Want You." This exhibit will showcase many unpublished original paintings, as well as artifacts from his life, and will be open to the public through March 3rd.
folder_openEvents, Summer EventslabelSummer Events, things to do in the triangle
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text:
Man sentenced to 56 years to life for fatal stabbing, stuffing body in barrel
Timothy John Cook, 54, was convicted of second-degree murder for the September 2017 stabbing death of Omar Medina, 28
A man who stabbed his roommate 66 times at the Chula Vista home they shared, then stuffed the victim's body into a barrel and tossed it into San Diego Bay, was sentenced Monday to 56 years to life in prison.
Timothy John Cook, 54, was convicted last month of second-degree murder for the death of Omar Medina, 28. He was stabbed in September 2017 in a detached room of the home on McIntosh Street where the two men had lived.
Medina's family never heard from him again after Sept. 30, 2017, and filed a missing person's report soon afterward with Chula Vista police. His unlocked car was found about a week later on Oaklawn Avenue, near the home he had shared with Cook. Numerous belongings, including his computer and guitar, were inside the car.
On Oct. 12, 2017, Medina's body was found inside a 55-gallon drum floating in the bay. He had been stabbed in the chest, back, neck and head.
A San Diego Superior Court jury found Cook guilty of murder at the end of a trial that lasted roughly five weeks. The panel split 10-2 in favor of finding co-defendant Derrick Spurgeon, 40, guilty as an accessory after the fact.
Deputy District Attorney Cherie Somerville had argued during that Cook killed Medina to gain access to around $84,000 the victim had received in a legal settlement. Text messages shared during the trial also indicated Cook disliked Medina's frequent drinking and sloppy household behavior.
Cook's defense lawyer, Kara Oien, conceded that Cook disposed of the victim's remains, but maintained he didn't kill Medina. She said that upon finding Medina's body, her client ``panicked. He did not contact police because he was worried he would be blamed for the killing and had poor prior experiences dealing with law enforcement, the attorney said.
Oien also argued the money motive was speculation on the prosecution's part, particularly because Cook never accessed Medina's bank accounts, though he did have images of Medina's bank statements in his Google account.
Somerville countered that Cook knew taking the money so soon after the murder would "set off red flags and alarm bells," so he didn't access the accounts as a cautionary move.
The prosecutor said that from Oct. 1 to Oct. 7, 2017, Cook told his brother he was out of town in Northern California, though he never actually left San Diego County. Instead, Somerville said, Cook spent that week cleaning up the crime scene by tearing out portions of the detached room as well as areas of Cook's kitchen.
Oien argued Cook was merely making routine repairs to the home as part of a deal with the landlord for reduced rent.
The defense attorney read a written statement from Cook at his sentencing hearing, in which he reiterated his innocence, though he admitted to concealing the crime, disposing of the body and failing to report what happened to police.
Cook apologized to Medina's family, saying he did what he felt he had to do out of fear, though he did not expect the family or the court to believe him.
"I am truly embarrassed and ashamed for my involvement in this case," his statement read.
Medina's mother, Alicia Romero, and sister, Alicia Villegas, told the judge that though it was difficult, they forgave Cook.
Villegas, who was wearing the dress she wore at her brother's burial, told the defendant: "I wish I could say it makes me feel good that you're going to prison, but it doesn't. What I want is my brother."
In rejecting a defense request for a lesser sentence of 16 years to life, Judge Carolyn Caietti pointed to Cook's extensive criminal history, which included a 1997 attempted murder conviction for which he served 17 years in prison.
In that case, Cook shot a man in the face, blinding the victim in one eye, the prosecutor said.
Spurgeon, who is accused of helping to dispose of the body by providing his boat to dump the barrel, remains in custody and awaits a May court date to determine whether he will be retried on the accessory charge.
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U.S. officials say they are highly confident to have reached tally on separated children: 4,368
Attorneys are still trying to reach hundreds of parents of separated children as part of San Diego litigation
Court ruling jeopardizes county approval of two North County housing projects
Tentative rulings would put a hold on developments west of Escondido
1 brother pleads guilty in fatal freeway shooting of Navy 'good Samaritan'
Brandon Acuna pleaded to voluntary manslaughter; Edson Acuna still headed to trial on murder charge


text:
Colors of Asia, Revisited – The Case of ASEAN and Korea
Haps Staff
August 28, 2018 @ 10:00 am – 6:00 pm Asia/Seoul Timezone
ASEAN Culture House
From July 11 to September 2, 2018, the ASEAN Culture House(ACH), which is operated by the Korea Foundation (President Sihyung Lee) will hold the ACH Special Exhibition "Colors of Asia, Revisited – The Case of ASEAN and Korea." This exhibition celebrates the first anniversary of the opening of the ACH whose establishment was one of the outcomes listed in the Joint Statement of the ASEAN-ROK Commemorative Summit in Busan in 2014.
This exhibition was realized in collaboration with the Department of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts(NCCA), the Embassy of the Philippines in Seoul and the ROK Embassy in Manila.
Haute couture costumes abroad for the first time
"Colors of Asia, Revisited" presents haute couture costumes created by prestigious designer Renee Salud and made of fabrics donated by ASEAN countries and the ROK. They were previously presented at the year-end fashion show "Colors of Asia-Pacific," organized by the Philippine DFA last December.
Encounter of the Philippines' fashion ambassador and the backbone of the Korean fashion industry
Visitors will be able to enjoy revisited contemporary aesthetics of fashion, created with traditional elements by the two designers whose fashion worlds merge in this exhibition.
Renee Salud: Philippine fashion ambassador and trailblazer
Renee Salud is both a fashion designer and cultural producer who is considered an icon of the Philippine fashion industry. Throughout his life, he has contributed to the development and promotion of the Philippine fashion industry. A trailblazer for Philippine fashion, he actively uses indigenous materials in his shows to increase the presence of uniquely Philippine fashion on the global stage. With his collection created for the "Colors of Asia-Pacific" fashion show, Salud aims to broaden his fashion world beyond the Philippines to include fabrics and idea from all over the Asia Pacific region.
Lee Jean Youn: Once a rising star, now the backbone of the Korean fashion industry
Lee Jean Youn is well-known for his reinterpretation of the beauty and sentiments of Korean traditions with a contemporary touch. His shows were displayed all over the world, including in Hong Kong, New York, Paris, Madrid and Qingdao. Lee transforms the aesthetics of Korean traditions into contemporary art works, and his creativity has caught the attention of the global fashion world.
Popular medium of fashion attracts people to the ACH and raises their understanding of the ASEAN region and its culture
As one of the staff members of the ACH put it, "This exhibition will not only greatly enhance the Korean public's understanding of Renee Salud's beautiful art and philosophy but also strengthen the friendship between Korea and the Philippines, as well as ASEAN as a whole, through the popular medium of fashion.
The Opening ceremony will take place on Wednesday, July 11 at 17:00, followed by a designer talk featuring Mr. Salud and Mr. Lee. This event is free admission and is open to the public.
For further information, please contact Ms. Tae Kyo YOO on 051-775-2032 or visit the ACH Webpage at http://ach.or.kr
Key Details of the Exhibition
Title: Colors of Asia, Revisited – The Case of ASEAN and Korea
Period: July 11 to September 2, 2018
Venue: Special Exhibition Hall, ACH (1F)
Opening Ceremony & Designer Talk by Renee Salud and Lee Jean Youn: Wednesday, July 11, 2018 at 5:00 p.m.
Host: Korea Foundation, ASEAN Culture House
In collaboration with: Department of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines; National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA); Embassy of the Philippines in Korea; Embassy of Korea in the Philippines; National Museum of Singapore (NMS)
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Is there something you'd like to see featured in Haps? Drop us a line: info@hapskorea.com


text:
def _enum(**enums):
    return type('Enum', (), enums)

ModeType = _enum(LIST=0, PARAM_SET=1, PARAM_UNSET=2, NO_PARAM=3)
ModuleLoadType = _enum(LOAD=0, UNLOAD=1, ENABLE=2, DISABLE=3)

def isNumber(s):
    try:
        float(s)
        return True
    except ValueError:
        return False

def parseUserPrefix(prefix):
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        prefix = ""

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        return nick, ident, host

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Once it's, I can't hesitate to move my company away from HSBC. Before you can even start to expect to make their company, you need to demonstrate your capacity to deliver on exactly what your service or product claims. Know why you wish to build a business. Anyone who has started a firm can inform you, it ain't straightforward. If you're going to start a tiny business, think twice. The few women and men in small business need to know more and do more with a good deal less.
A company letter format is used while the author does not know the person receiving the letter or the moment the receiver is highly regarded and therefore is necessary. Business documents are normally fairly dry and dull. When it might sometimes be evident you will find additional documents in an envelope or attached in an email, it is professional courtesy to add things like the contents of these on your company letter. If you're sending a duplicate of this letter to somebody else, add a CC line too. Letters are usually a few pages, but they are able to go longer if there's a purpose behind the lengthy format. You should sign the letter about a couple of lines under the final line.
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Facebook Libra Cryptocurrency Money Laundering Concerns
Before venturing into cryptocurrency trading, it only stands to reason that you must first know what crypto is.
There are many types of cryptocurrencies available, and as with any venture, you must also be up-to-date with the trends and news about crypto. This is to avoid buying or trading cryptocurrencies that might empty your pocket. In keeping abreast with the news about cryptocurrencies, one hot topic involving that right now is Facebook Libra.
You may or may not have heard about this controversial topic, but what matters essentially is knowing about the coin you're trying to buy or learning about it before investing in it. Facebook Libra may be famous, but you must first weigh whether it's worth the risk or not.
Before tackling the issue of Facebook Libra, you must first be aware of what exactly cryptocurrency is. From the words crypto and currency, cryptocurrency, or popularly known as crypto, is a type of digital currency. It has anti-counterfeiting and security measures called cryptography, which is used in crypto exchanges or transfers from one person to another.
In layman's terms, cryptocurrency is a digital currency that is exchanged in a decentralized currency system. This means that no banks or middlemen or central server charges you fees to record your balances. All it has is a shared database known as the blockchain to keep every financial transaction done by parties exchanging such currency.
Unlike banks, crypto transactions are not run by only one organization but by different companies and people.
Is Libra a Cryptocurrency?
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, altcoins, and many more are the ones already known. Libra, on the other hand, is a stable coin according to Facebook.
Unlike cryptocurrencies that use a decentralized system, a stable coin is backed by government security. Although it's a fiat currency, stable coins, as compared to cryptocurrencies, are less volatile and more stable, hence the name. Facebook, therefore, claims that Libra is a stable coin. To understand more about cryptocurrencies, one must first know the different types of cryptocurrencies that are in circulation.
Difference between Libra, Bitcoin, and Other Cryptocurrencies
Although Libra is pegged as a cryptocurrency, it's a bit different from Bitcoin. The major difference is the technology used for each currency.
Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies use blockchain to record every transaction. Blockchain is a network of computers forming a database so no individual can easily tamper with or control it.
Libra uses a distributed ledger technology, which is similar to the blockchain. However, technology is permissioned, which means that trusted parties are the only ones who can add transactions. These parties are from companies like Uber, Visa, and the like, forming what they call the Libra Association.
The Libra Association manages and holds the funds of the currency through its permissioned ledger.
Generally, when it comes to purpose, Bitcoin is used as an investment, while Libra is mainly used in money transfers and cross-border payments. Libra is said to be stable as other assets and government currencies back it up so that it won't be as volatile as other cryptocurrencies.
While this may sound advantageous, there are concerns that have arisen.
Concerns on Facebook Libra
Facebook Libra's primary goal is to become a currency that can be used worldwide without the complications that regular money has when exchanged. But governments around the world have voiced out their fears over Libra, prompting them to interrogate it before its launching.
Here are some reasons why governments want Libra to be interrogated:
Controlling – Although met with opposition by some government officials, Facebook claims that it will not have sole control over Libra because of the existence of the Libra Association members. When it comes to financial aspects, Libra Founders will gain from their invested money into Libra. Each founder has at least 10 million USD into it.
Having a New Global Financial System – With Facebook's network, it can potentially replace state currencies if not compete with them. Because Libra's primary purpose is to be used globally, government entities such as the Bank of England, the French Senate, and others are questioning Libra's proposal, which they claim to be vague and not sufficiently detailed. In addition, some countries like India are already planning to ban Libra even before its launch.
Unregulated – Since the Libra Association are a group of private entities that will be responsible for Libra's blockchain, central regulation is out. Although Facebook plans to partner with the government, the former still insists on less monitoring. Moreover, the US is adamant about subjecting cryptos and Libra to banking regulations.
Attracting Criminals – One of the major issues surrounding Facebook's Libra is its possibility to become a financial platform for crime syndicates and other high-rated criminals. Criminals such as drug syndicates, terrorists, and money launderers are only a few of the criminals that governments believe can use Libra's financial system without breaking a sweat.
What is Money Laundering?
One of the principles of money laundering is the act of crime syndicates or terrorists to get their funds to look like they came from a legitimate source. For instance, criminals will take advantage of complicated financial transactions so that authorities cannot trace the origin of the laundered money.
How Does Crypto or Digital Currency Cater to Money Laundering?
Although transactions can be viewed by anyone publicly, it cannot be denied that a lot of criminals use Bitcoins for their illicit activities. The reason for this is the possibility of hiding the real identity of the person spending, receiving, and sending cryptocurrencies.
Here are ways on how the criminals can launder their illicit money:
Mixing Bitcoins – Tumblers or Bitcoin mixers launder money through wallets hosted on the dark web. They divide and bounce clean cryptocurrencies to different addresses before recombining it. However, you would need two or more Bitcoin wallets so you can run them on the dark and standard web. It may cost them fees, but it's not a big loss on their funds since it will turn their illicit money into a clean one.
Using Unregulated Exchanges – One way to launder money without using a mixer is through an unregulated cryptocurrency exchange. These exchanges do not adhere to AML or Anti-Money Laundering Laws, or KYC or Know Your Customer procedures. These platforms do not require identity checks for the sender or receiver so they can exchange altcoins or Bitcoins across different markets. After which, they can withdraw it to their external wallet, though it's quite hard for unregulated exchanges to find fiat markets accepting them.
Turning to Peer-to-Peer Markets – Since fiat markets don't generally accept the withdrawal of unregulated exchanges, these criminals turn to dark deeds or peer-to-peer markets so they can change their Bitcoins into cash. For instance, a drug syndicate can sell their drugs using Bitcoins then later withdraw their Bitcoins into cash.
Facebook Libra and Money Laundering
Since money laundering can now be done through digital currencies, the more that governments are becoming concerned about the issues involving Facebook Libra. Fears of using Libra's financial system to launder illicit funds from different criminal entities have heightened, especially with Facebook's numerous connections. The secretary of the US Treasury plans to look into the whitepaper of Libra until regulatory issues are solved.
This is what Facebook has to say about money laundering issues:
Register with FinCEN – Facebook vows to wait for the decision of the US government before launching its Libra. In its proposal, the Libra is set to register with the FinCEN or Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the Treasury Department. FinCEN combats financial crimes like terrorist financing, international and domestic money laundering by analyzing the information collected from financial transactions. With this registration, Libra will be forced to comply with anti-money laundering rules and regulations.
Follow Regulatory Frameworks – Since Geneva is the headquarters of the Libra Association, Facebook expects that its privacy regulator will be the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner. Moreover, it says that they are planning to follow the proper regulatory framework set by the Swiss Financial Markets Supervisory Authority.
Comply with Anti-Money Laundering Laws – Facebook claims to also intend to adhere with the Anti-Money Laundering Laws on cryptocurrencies. AML Regulation has gone worldwide. Its standards apply to all virtual assets operations or activities. Here are some of the AML's salient features:
Virtual Currency Exchanges or VCE's special licensing requirements
AML rules cover wallet services and administrators
Securities law cover ICOs
FI or Fulfilling Identification – Needed to establish a customer relationship. This process includes confirming the real identity of the client before any deal or transaction. For instance, a person wanting to use a crypto wallet must verify his identity by taking a photo of himself together with his national or valid ID as required by the wallet.
Account Monitoring or KYC – This involves letting your customer understand what the business relationship is all about
Transaction Recordkeeping and Reporting – Crypto transactions, as well as the real identity of crypto holders, are sent to FIs for verification and audit.
Expect Licensing – Facebook also planned to be licensed before its full launch. It has already applied to the Department of Financial Services of the US for it to operate a crypto business legally. Since they will be licensed, Facebook will also incur capital gains taxes and sales tax.
Partnership with Local Stores – With Libra being a digital currency, Facebook also stated that it has been collaborating with local money exchanges and stores against money laundering. Facebook will use QR codes to let people sell or buy Libra in person, or when people will cash out or cash in Libra for state currencies.
Complement Financial Systems Already in Existence – Facebook also said that it wouldn't work as a bank, but only to support the existing financial system.
Operate in Specific Areas – Since Libra's goal is to be compliant and regulated, markets allowing Libra operation will proceed only where they will be.
Use Anti-Fraud/Laundering Check – Since Calibra, the wallet of Libra, will be integrated into WhatsApp and Messenger, only people with connected government ID and bank accounts can trade Libra.
Partnering with NGOs – Since a lot of areas do not have an ID, such as those in refugee camps, Facebook also stated that it would let non-government organizations or NGOs be part of the Libra Association. With it, they can expect to work with entities for identity authentication and confirmation.
Moreover, during the July 12, 2019 Senate Banking Committee, Facebook has presented the following:
1. Outdated US Financial Regulations Have been Shunned – Facebook has shown that the traditional financial system lessens commerce due to its limitations and barriers. For instance, the trade of US dollars and digital currency is made difficult as the majority of banks has banned these transactions. And to solve this problem, stable coins such as Libra have been created so that investors can trade state currencies and digital currencies without any complications. Moreover, Facebook claimed that if Congress had allowed banks to let investors trade in fiat and cryptocurrencies, then stable coins would not have arisen.
2. Payment Systems Have been Innovated – Digital currencies, including Libra, is seen to be one of the most significant innovations for payment from all over the world to become more efficient. Traditional payment systems take time for money to be transferred from one platform or bank account to another. As a result, capitals are trapped in banks as it takes days for it to be confirmed. But with Libra, it aims to transfer money from one wallet to another in a matter of seconds. Only then will fast flow of cash can help more companies to work out their capitals.
3. Compliant Framework Can Fit Digital Currencies – Since lawmakers have developed a roadmap and guidelines for digital currencies, all bankruptcy and legal disputes will follow regulated and established rules. For instance, if Libra will have a legal discussion, a law has already been built where judges know what to do with cases on digital currencies.
To sum it up, it appears that Facebook Libra has been developing more of its whitepaper since its first announcement. Facebook said that its announcement is a way to gather information on what areas should they focus on or establish. As with money laundering issues, Facebook claims that Libra will use KYC as a defense against any laundering or illicit activities of criminals. Moreover, Facebook has been collaborating with government and private entities to ensure that measures against money laundering will be hindered.
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