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First-Taste Guide to Chianti Classico
Tuscany's Most Historic Wine Region Comes of Age [Update 2022]
Raise your hand if you have never tasted Chianti Classico? As I turn the attention of our First-Taste Guide series to central Tuscany, I can't help but wonder: Who hasn't had a first taste yet of this famous, ubiquitous red wine?
Chianti Classico is Italian red wine to many people. From fine Italian dining to your neighborhood pizzeria, the wine selection is guaranteed to have at least one Chianti Classico.
Chianti Classico has been a moving target since the Middle Ages, and it has only found its current form in the last few years.
Check that laminated wine menu again. Do you see the word "Classico?" Without that word, it is a different wine. Chianti Classico is where it all began, but there is also Chianti, Chianti Superiore, Chianti Rùfina, Chianti Colli Senesi and five other name combos that you'll see — all of them Tuscan, all of them predominantly Sangiovese, but none of them from the same geographical area as the original. And that's important because Chianti Classico has what the supremely fickle Sangiovese grape wants in terms of soil, elevation and weather. You might find ideal pockets for Sangiovese cultivation in the other zones, but nothing on the scale of what Chianti Classico offers.
Given the area's historical significance and viticultural richness, it is rather surprising that so many people — even wine professionals — aren't quite sure what Chianti Classico is and where exactly it comes from.
But it's also understandable. Chianti Classico is complex, and its wines have been a moving target since the Middle Ages. It has only found its current form in the last few years. In fact, recent changes to the production code indicate that the appellation is still sorting out its top priority: winemaking process or terroir? (Correctly, it appears to be leaning toward the latter). Winemakers have gained a better understanding of Sangiovese's diverse clones, and with these improved regulations, the Chianti Classico DOCG is once again competing with Barolo and Bordeaux — and most notably, Brunello di Montalcino — for the attention of fine wine enthusiasts and collectors.
If you want more good news, know this: the area is a leader in organic viticulture. Plus, you can still drink a solid Chianti Classico for a decent price. Let's explore the wines with the black rooster on the label.
At Azienda Agricola Caparsa, Paolo Cianferoni practices organic viticulture — something that a majority of producers in the area are now certified for. ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
3 Reasons to Drink Chianti Classico
It Can Be One of Italy's Greatest Red Wines – At its best, Chianti Classico's mix of flavors and aromas are reminiscent of sour cherries, leather, and orange citrus. Mysteriously, they feel like the place they come from: a land of rolling hills, olive groves, and ancient castles and abbeys.
It Can Be Fresh and Vibrant, or Structured and Age-Worthy – Chianti Classico is a spectrum. If you fall in love with it, you'll find a huge diversity of wines, often within the same producer portfolio.
It is the History Channel in a Glass – Some of Chianti Classico's wineries are among the oldest continuously-operated businesses in the world. To open these bottles is to participate in a story that stretches back to the Middle Ages.
What is Chianti Classico DOCG?
Truthfully, this is one of Italy's hardest wine appellations to explain, so buckle up.
On the simplest terms, Chianti Classico is merely a region of regulated red wines from the hills between Florence and Siena. Only wines from this area that fit distinct parameters can be called Chianti Classico.
That region encompasses a varied collection of distinct zones centered on historical villages, broad mountain valleys, and rolling hillsides. Recent efforts to delineate these areas will likely lead to a better appreciation of Chianti Classico's nuances in the glass. However, given the variety of winemaking blends and methods used, these details can still be tricky to decipher.
In March, the fields of Chianti Classico are a vibrant green thanks to winter and spring rains. This vineyard is at Villa Calcinaia in Montefioralle. ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
As noted, the wines can be a blend or varietal, but Sangiovese is always in the lead. Blending partners can vary in proportion (see Blend vs. Varietal below) but cannot exceed a total of 20% of the wine.
Unlike many appellations, aging requirements are for time in bottle rather than time in oak. Three distinctive categories define the aging of the wine (see Categories below). Some producers refer to this as a "quality pyramid." However, I think it is far better to see these categories as contextual suggestions. Some of the most satisfying, rewarding wines in Chianti Classico are the so-called "entry-level" wines with the least amount of aging. (They often have the most versatility in terms of food pairings, too).
Chianti Classico can feel like a muddled picture because of this enormous diversity. But increasingly, the region is honing its focus more and more by elevating the varietal characteristics of Sangiovese: dark and succulent cherry-fruit flavors, a citric acidity, and savory tones that can range from leather to bacon to smoked meat. Not all Chianti Classico wines showcase this triumvirate, but the best ones do. (See Your First-Taste section below for our suggestions).
About the Appellation and Its Wines
Before we dig into the details, it is important to refer you to our article on Chianti Classico's lengthy history.
Throughout their time, the wines of Chianti Classico have taken on many different forms. Documentation shows that many of the esteemed regional wines from the 12th century were actually white. Red wines increasingly took over through the Middle Ages, and it is widely believed that by the 1800s many wines were Canaiolo dominant. Eventually, Sangiovese's charisma won out, but not after it was blended with other indigenous red grapes, Bordeaux varieties and even white grapes at different periods of time.
Understanding this history helps explain why today's wines have such variety.
The ancient cellar at Badia a Coltibuono. Oak aging — whether in large casks or small barrels — has a major influence on the final wine, but the choice is ultimately up to the producer. ©Badia a Coltibuono
Now, on to the details on how these wines today are comprised, categorized and the contexts with which they are best served.
Blend vs. Varietal
Presently, the laws governing current releases demand that wines must contain a minimum of 80% Sangiovese with a maximum of 20% auxillary grapes allowed under the legal code.
These auxillary grapes can include Canaiolo, Colorino, Ciliegiolo, Fogliatonda, Mammolo, Malvasia Nera and Pugnitello, although Canaiolo and Colorino are the most common you will see. Canaiolo softens the edges, while Colorino adds exactly what its name suggests: color. In small amounts, neither grape takes much away from Sangiovese, but they do have a natural alchemy. However, one winemaker — Enrico Pozzesi of the fantastic estate Rodáno — told me that the warming climate of Chianti Classico is giving Sangiovese more balance and color, rendering these grapes less necessary in future blends.
There are also a few international varieties allowed as auxiliary blending partners, including Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Syrah. What these assertive and strong-willed grapes lend to Sangiovese is the subject of much debate. To my taste and interests, these grapes alter Sangiovese's distinctive, only-from-Chianti Classico profile. Whether its Merlot's body and tannin, Cabernet's peppery spice, or Syrah's depth, the traits of these assertive French grapes tend to render Sangiovese's most distinctive attributes mute.
These wines can still be outstanding examples of the structured, robust style that has defined international taste for decades. If you enjoy red blends from Napa or Bordeaux, you'll likely enjoy them as well. But as a curious wine drinker who wants to taste something distinctive and unique — that is, a wine that transmits the unique character of these hills — they miss the mark because of how altered Sangiovese's voice becomes in the blend.
Categories: Aging and Oak
Chianti Classico also has three levels of aging requirements that producers can select. Frequently, a winery will produce two or three different Chianti Classico wines set to these categories. Some go a step further and produce multiple wines within a single category.
To explain these categories, listen to the president of the Consorzio Vino Chianti Classico, Giovanni Manetti of Fontodi, in this video we filmed in April 2022. A cheat sheet follows:
Chianti Classico ("Annata")
Price Range: typically $11–$30
Requirements: Annata bottlings are simply labeled as "Chianti Classico" and require the least amount of aging before release (no sooner than October 1 of the year following harvest). Annata means "vintage" in Italian, so this is the wine that's released every year, regardless of conditions.
The Profile & Pairings: Since these wines see the least amount of oak, they often show Sangiovese's lighter side with fresh red fruits, savory inflections, and a thread of citrus through the middle that holds everything together. These wines have the widest range of versatility with food pairings.
Requirements: A minimum of 24 months of aging, of which a minimum of three months must be in bottle.
Until the recent introduction of the Gran Selezione category, the Riserva category was at the top of the hierarchy. Initially, the only real distinction between the two wines was (a) the extra six months of aging, (b) a requirement of 90% Sangiovese in Gran Selezione, and (c) the caveat that Gran Selezione could only be made with estate fruit. Riserva does not have these last two restrictions. While it would be easy to assume these wines are a "middle child," many producers have decided to forego Gran Selezione and keep their top wine as Riserva, including several of the finest estates in Chianti Classico: Badia a Coltibuono, Poggerino, Monteraponi, Istine, Caparsa and Rodáno, to name just a few.
The Profile & Pairings: Flavors and aromas tend to be more concentrated with the Riserva category, and more structured. For food pairings, lean toward heartier and fattier dishes that typically scream "red wine tonight."
Price Range: typically $55-$85
Requirements: Chianti Classico Gran Selezione requires a minimum of 30 months of aging, of which a minimum of three months must be in bottle. Additionally, all fruit must be estate fruit, and the blending percentage of Sangiovese must be 90% or higher, rather than the standard 80%. Another positive development: international varieties will no longer be allowed in this category with newly adopted changes.
The Story: Winemakers have increasingly looked to this category as their "single-vineyard" wine, with the name on the label often referencing a singular parcel. (However, there are exceptions, like Rodáno's "Viacosta," which is a Chianti Classico Riserva).
Differences in taste and appearance between Riserva and the Gran Selezione are often miniscule. Some producers take those extra six months to age the wine longer in oak, and — depending on the age and size of the vessel — you can get more oak flavors with the Gran Selezione. I've heard many wine professionals claim that Gran Selezione wines are nearly always oakier, but I found a few that bucked this trend. I wouldn't assume this will be the case long-term, as heavy oak is increasingly falling out of fashion.
One added incentive to label a wine as Gran Selezione (at least in the near-future once it clears bureaucratic hurdles in Rome) is the option to include the name of the village where the wine hails from. These UGAs (Unita Geografica Aggiuntiva) include:
Castellina
Gaiole
Lamole
Montefioralle
Vagliagli
San Donato in Poggio
There is passionate discussion within Chianti Classico about expanding the UGA designation to the Riserva and Annata categories. Most producers seem to be on board with this idea, because (a) showcasing terroir and clarifying village identity is good for everyone in Chianti Classico, and (b) sometimes fresher, less structured wines can reveal terroir just as well. There is also the simple truth that the aging requirements of Gran Selezione require ample financial resources that not all producers have. Is it fair to exclude them from terroir-centric labeling if it could be of service to their customers?
There is a wrinkle. If Riserva and Annata wines continue to allow international varieties, then the concept of village labeling falls apart (e.g. Does Gaiole taste like spiced plums and peppercorn? Nope. That's the Merlot talking).
We shall see where the cards fall in the coming years. I would brace for more subtle changes to the code, but it feels like the region as a whole is getting closer to a long-term structure for classifying all of its wines.
Castellina in Chianti ©Angie Day
Sunrise in the vineyards of Chianti Classico in April. ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
A 1985 Badia a Coltibuono Chianti Classico Riserva, tasted at the winery. ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
A couple goes for a stroll through Radda in Chianti. ©Angie Day
Since I am not writing a book, we won't get into the distinct properties of these 11 villages here, which would require another 1,000 words of the unique geology of these hills as well as the distinct microclimates. The important take-away is that Chianti Classico has undergone a massive shift in philosophy over the last two decades: from prioritizing the blend on a winery-by-winery level to emphasizing Chianti Classico's unique terroir.
Your First Taste
If this sounds like a lot to keep track of, it is. Chianti Classico requires a lot of education on the part of consumers, and still, selecting the right bottle comes down to picking the best producers.
Since you've likely had Chianti Classico before, let's call this section your first taste as a student of Chianti Classico. Hopefully, with a little background on this DOCG's origins, your next bottle will feel like a fresh encounter.
In selecting these wines, I looked for very specific things. Sangiovese is a sensitive grape that is not particularly aromatic like Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon or Nebbiolo. The aromas are there and can be absolutely beautiful, but they need space to operate. Over the last nine months, I've tasted nearly 100 Chianti Classico wines, and the best ones always showcased Sangiovese front and center. Coincidentally, all of the wines in the top 50% of this sampling excluded international varieties, too.
Oak aging is another needle that needs to be threaded. I've found very few examples of Chianti Classico aged in small barrique or newer tonneaux barrels that don't speak of French oak first. Just like Nebbiolo and Aglianico, Sangiovese's sensitivity to oak usually means it needs older barrels and casks, or — in the case of some Annata wines — no oak at all. Cement tanks are a common fermentation vessel throughout Chianti Classico.
With all that said, below are my recommendations for your starting point in each category of Chianti Classico.
First Taste of Chianti Classico (Annata)
Winemaker Angela Fronti at Istine, with Radda in the distance. ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
2019 Istine Chianti Classico ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
UGA: Radda
Angela Fronti makes some of Chianti Classico's silkiest wines. Her high elevation vineyards are exceedingly stony, and one cannot help but notice how her Annata wines boast a remarkable minerality. In total, she makes four Annata wines — a blend of multiple plots and then three single vineyards — as well as a Riserva. The single-vineyard Annata wines are in high demand and can be hard to find. So, for a "first taste" seek out the 2020 Istine Chianti Classico (★★★★ 3/4), which requires little effort to parse and dissect: it's just a chilled-out, elegant wine indicative of its mountain origins. Look for elements of spice and savory to show up at times. If you ask me, this is the baseline for how Chianti Classico ought to be.
Winemaker Paolo Cianferoni of Caparsa. ©Kevin Day exclusive for Opening a Bottle
2018 Caparsa Chianti Classico ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
Caparsa
Radda seems to be everybody's favorite village, and for good reason: it is stacked with talented winemakers, and the cool mountain terroir seems to give Sangiovese the room it needs to operate.
Caparsa is one of the lesser known estates in Radda, but winemaker Paolo Cianferoni should be on everyone's list for his simpler-is-better approach and passion for organic viticulture. His 2018 Chianti Classico (★★★★ 3/4) is an iconic representative of just how fine an annata wine can be. There's that signature cherry-orange-meatiness we come to crave from Chianti, but with a lovely minty streak as well. On the palate, his wine may remind you more of Pinot Noir than the Sangiovese you are used to. I offered this wine at a recent virtual tasting event and it was the crowd favorite. Fun fact: he is also the uncle of Angela Fronti from Istine.
First Taste of Chianti Classico Riserva
Winemaker Roberto Stucchi of Badia a Coltibuono ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
2017 Badia a Coltibuono Chianti Classico Riserva ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
UGA: Gaiole
Solidly organic and traditional in the winery, Badia a Coltibuono makes wines of supreme patience and delicacy. This is one of Italy's greatest wine estates, yet somehow, it is still underrated (read: the wines are a bargain). Their Riserva can age magnificently, as a recent comparative tasting of two recent vintages — the 2015 and 2007 (both ★★★★★) — demonstrated.
There is a temptation when studying Chianti Classico to ask: why not just abandon blending altogether and go with 100% Sangiovese? Badia a Coltibuono answers that question resolutely. For this wine, Sangiovese is blended with Canaiolo, Ciliegiolo and Colorino for an elegant and timeless expression of this quartet's famous alchemy. In younger vintages, Badia a Coltibuono's Riserva shows notes similar to fennel and salami, but it seems to transition to menthol, mint and leather as the wine ages.
At $36, it is a true standout, and a superb wine to start a cellar with.
First Taste of Chianti Classico Gran Selezione
Sebastiano Capponi of Villa Calcinaia ©Kevin Day/Opening a Bottle
2018 Villa Calcinaia "La Fornace" Chianti Classico Gran Selezione ©Kevin Day / Opening a Bottle
Villa Calcinaia
UGA: Montefioralle
How Villa Calcinaia has stayed under the radar in America is a bit of a mystery to me. This producer is fantastic. Their Annata is one of Chianti Classico's finest, and the standard Riserva — while requiring time to spill its secrets — has outstanding potential for 10 to 15 years down the road.
But I want to spotlight Villa Calcinaia's three Gran Selezione, because more than any other wine from this category, they show its purpose. "La Fornace" (★★★★ 3/4), "Bastignano" (★★★★ 3/4), and "Contessa Luisa" (★★★★ 3/4) are each single-vineyard wines boasting sandy, silty and clay-rich soils respectively. I recently tasted the 2018 of each vintage. Winemaker Sebastiano Capponi is quite intellectual, and he loves to describe the variety of soils in these vineyards and how they lend minerality to "Fornace," generosity to "Bastignano" and a wild power to "Contessa Luisa." If you are going to make a Gran Selezione, you'll need to (a) showcase the unique attributes of your estate vineyards and (b) restrain your oak usage, two concepts that Capponi certainly understands and demonstrates with his wines. This is a great example of the category's potential.
These are ideal wines as a starting point to a deeper appreciation of Chianti Classico, but they're not exclusively the best wines. Subscribers can learn more with our upcoming Chianti Classico Tasting Report as well as the Essential Winemakers of Italy section.
Note: For this updated guide, I toured Chianti Classico for three days and visited 12 different wineries. With the help of paying subscribers, I funded my airfare and travel to the region, as investigating Central Tuscany was a high priority for me post-pandemic. Knowing my high level of interest in researching the area for editorial, the Consorzio Vino Chianti Classico offered quite a bit of assistance while I was there, both in terms of travel and food costs within the region, and in terms of setting up appointments. This afforded me tremendous access to not only interesting and candid conversations with producers and the consortium, but also a breadth of wines to taste. Learn more about my editorial and samples policy.
Badia a ColtibuonoCabernet Sauvignon GrapeCanaiolo GrapeChianti Classico DOCGChianti Classico Gran Selezione DOCGChianti Classico Riserva DOCGColorino GrapeFirst-Taste GuideFontodiIstineMerlot GrapeOrganic WinesRicasoliSangiovese GrapeSuper Tuscan WinesTuscany Wine RegionVilla Calcinaia
Previous Laura Lorenzo Turns Ribeira Sacra Orange
Next Tips For Buying the Right Wine This Summer
3 REASONS – Seeking out Chianti Classico is as simple as this.
CHIANTI CLASSICO 101 – What is Chianti Classico?
ABOUT – How Chianti Classico is made.
TO BLEND OR NOT? – That is the question.
CATEGORIES – Aging classifications.
FIRST TASTE – Recommended wines:
–ANNATA – Your best place to start.
–RISERVA – Starting a cellar?
–GRAN SELEZIONE – Last but certainly not least.
First-Taste Guide to Morey-Saint-Denis
First-Taste Guide to Vinho Verde

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Democracy Now! — Tuesday, July 5, 2016
With the Republican National Convention opening in Cleveland in less than two weeks, the party's presumptive nominee, Donald Trump, is facing a new wave of controversies. Today the crew interviews Trump biographer Wayne Barrett, author of "Trump: The Greatest Show on Earth: The Deals, the Downfall, the Reinvention." Barrett has been reporting on Trump since the 1970s.
The Planet Waves Boutique has plenty of balm for your soul. Come pay us a visit, put your feet up, and enjoy discovering all the wonderful readings we have to offer.
With the Republican National Convention opening in Cleveland in less than two weeks, the party's presumptive nominee, Donald Trump, is facing a new wave of controversies, from Trump's tweeting of an anti-Semitic image showing Hillary Clinton against a backdrop of cash and a Star of David to his joke about Mexico attacking the United States. Today the crew interviews Trump biographer Wayne Barrett, author of "Trump: The Greatest Show on Earth: The Deals, the Downfall, the Reinvention." Barrett has been reporting on Trump since the 1970s.
He recalls an unusual offer from the billionaire mogul. "So he said to me, 'Wayne, you don't have to live in Brownsville. I have plenty of apartments," Barrett recalls. "And so, then, at another time, he started talking to me about how he had broken this other journalist by suing him and driving him into bankruptcy."
Barrett has been tracking Trump for decades. His 1991 biography of Trump was just republished as an ebook with the title of "Trump: The Greatest Show on Earth: The Deals, the Downfall, the Reinvention." Democracy Now! spoke to Wayne Barrett last week at his home, where he has largely been confined due to his battle with lung cancer. We asked Barrett about Trump's unkept promise to build affordable housing in Atlantic City in order to build a larger casino. "He was getting all kinds of agreements from the city regarding roadways and access to Trump Castle, which is out at the marina," Barrett said. "He agreed to build low-income housing. And he had the guy to do it. He had the guy who'd done it in New York. And they made all kinds of commitments that were written right into agreements with the city of Atlantic City. And then he failed on all of them."
About a thousand housekeepers, cooks, bellmen and servers at Trump's Taj Mahal Atlantic City casino went on strike on Friday and through the weekend demanding reinstatement of health, pension and other benefits eliminated during 2014 bankruptcy proceedings. This is only the latest in decades of labor disputes Donald Trump has faced at his hotels, casinos and resorts. Barrett says, "Trump's pathway to success is littered with bodies."
Throughout the 2016 campaign, Trump has repeatedly faced charges of sexism, from implying Fox News journalist Megyn Kelly was asking tough questions because she was menstruating, to saying women should be "punished" for having abortions.
Barrett continues today even though he is largely home-bound due to lung cancer. "He's really not qualified to run the Trump Organization. He's not fit to run the Trump Organization. So he's certainly not fit to run America," Barrett said. "I think he represents not just a danger to America, but because we are such an influence in the world, it's really a shocking threat to the world. And so, you know, I'm in a sick bed a lot, but he gets me up out of it."
We are honored to offer this broadcast as part of our affiliation with the Pacifica Network. Find out where the Democracy Now! crew is visiting next during the show's 100-city tour, celebrating 20 years on the air.
Posted in Democracy Now! on July 5, 2016 | No comments yet
← Cooperation and Conflict Planet Waves Daily Oracle for Wednesday, July 6, 2016 →


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Q: AppEngine App Deploy gives "Failed to copy file." I'm deploying a Laravel app to a fresh App Engine project. But I'm getting this error constantly. I tried creating a new project and deploying too.
╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
╠═ Uploading 9625 files to Google Cloud Storage             ═╣
╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
File upload done.
Updating service [default]...failed.
ERROR: (gcloud.app.deploy) Error Response: [3] Errors were encountered while copying files to App Engine.

Details: [
  [
    {
      "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.ResourceInfo",
      "description": "Failed to copy file.",
      "resourceName": "https://storage.googleapis.com/staging.rsvp.appspot.com/df4bc71e8832337e997291648609c4e207b5aa55",
      "resourceType": "file"
    }
  ]
]

WHat is the problem here and how can I fix it?

A: The reason for this issue was, I had some large size files ( > 30Mb ) in my project folder. I removed them and redeployed, it worked without an issue.

A: As OP already mentioned, the reason is large files. Here is how you can also find out which file is causing the problem.
If you have an error such as
Details: [
  [
    {
      "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.ResourceInfo",
      "description": "Failed to copy file.",
      "resourceName": "https://storage.googleapis.com/staging.bemmu1-hrd.appspot.com/b463c152ee1498bd4d27c1ea67c7f8e82cb4b220",
      "resourceType": "file"
    }
  ]
]

Note the hash that appears in resourceName, in this case "b463c152ee1498bd4d27c1ea67c7f8e82cb4b220".
Search for it in the most recent log file (mine was /Users/bemmu/.config/gcloud/logs/2019.07.30/00.45.43.657001.log) and you'll find it as part of a really long string, in my case:
...'templates/envato/images/arrangement.png': {'sourceUrl': 'https://storage.googleapis.com/staging.bemmu1-hrd.appspot.com/b463c152ee1498bd4d27c1ea67c7f8e82cb4b220'...

From this I could see that in my case the offending file was arrangement.png

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Just because you are travelling, it doesn't give you the excuse to skimp on your beauty routine. Your hotel may come with a hair dryer, but it definitely won't come with your favourite go-to travel essentials. There are many secrets when it comes to packing beauty travel essentials lightly, so keep reading to reveal what you should consider for your next trip abroad.
One way to reduce the amount of space your beauty essentials take up in your suitcase is to shop for travel or sample sized products. Across most categories including skin, hair and makeup, you will be able to source all of your favourite products in cute mini sizes. Sephora always has a large range of travel-sized options available, but also check the health and beauty travel aisle of your local supermarket.
Now, don't get too overwhelmed dealing with meeting carry-on liquid restrictions – you just need to know where to start. Here are some in-flight travel essentials you should consider adding to your carry-on.
Face wipes – there's nothing worse than the icky feeling of sitting in your makeup during a long-haul flight. Plus, they can also double up as hand wipes.
Lip balm – banish dry, flaky lips with your favourite travel balm.
Moisturiser and hand/body lotion – the air flow on planes is notoriously known for drying out your skin so keep hydrated with lotion.
Hydrating night face cream – sinking into those uncomfortable seats will feel like sitting at a spa after putting on your hydrating face cream.
Eye mask – if you are someone who is sensitive to light while trying to sleep, a mask will ease your transition to the land of Zzz's.
Toothbrush and toothpaste – nothing more refreshing than brushing your teeth on a plane, especially if you have been travelling for hours.
Deodorant – hygiene is important, yes even when travelling, this is a must.
Tinted moisturiser and lip gloss – to help you feel human on arrival.
It's important to feel good and confident in your skin while on holidays, so ensuring you pack the most important products in your routine is a must.
Cleanser – keep your face fresh and clean.
Moisturiser with sunscreen – sunscreen is a must when travelling!
Eye cream- look alive! You might need it after the long flight.
Night cream – already in carry on.
Body sunscreen – Protection from the harmful UV rays is very important. Be sun smart!
Even if you are someone who tries to limit their use of makeup while on a relaxing holiday, here is a list of the basics you might want to bring with you next time to go travelling.
Primer – not to prime is a crime!
Concealer – you might want to cover up those bags after busy days and sleepless nights.
Makeup palette – find something with it all: blush, bronzer and highlight.
We hope that this beauty travel guide makes your packing experience more enjoyable and less stressful. After all, who wants to be worrying just before embarking on an adventure. Happy Holidaying!


I'm unsure of the brand, but it's on a green base, has a tree trunk with a yellow door down the bottom and green slide coming off the top. It has a yellow roof ontop of the trunk and a yellow bird sitting on it. It has a swing to the left with a yellow bird sitting on top. On the right it has an apple which can be opened and shut. It's like a dolls house. It has stairs and rooms inside. It came with a little yellow plastic person with large red plastic hair. It must have been around in the early to mid 80's.
The following are links about Apple Tree House you may find interesting. Also check out the other pages.
The following are comments left about Apple Tree House from site visitors such as yourself. They are not spell checked or reviewed for accuracy.
That apple tree house looked alot of fun.
I hd one fro mthe early 90's. than it broke. I use to play with it outside.
I used to love playing with my tree. I got one for xmas when I was a tiny tacker.
I had one when i was little and ADORED it! I am desperate to find one for my daughters but as yet have had no luck! If anyone can help me out that would be great.
Ahhhhhhhh happy memories! I had one too! Loved it!
this is a vintage Koeda-Chan house. Made by Takara Japan!
It's by Jimson Toys. I'd LOVE to find one some day. My absolute favorite thing when I was little.


£17 Per sq ft excl.
roof, new UPVC windows and has been repainted.
clearing banks and all amenities of the town centre.
Self contained open plan office suite with kitchen/breakout area.
Open plan suite, with glass partitioned meeting room and fitted kitchen.
Open plan area with double sliding doors to boardroom, kitchenette.
Onsite parking available at an additional cost.
Situated within the business district of Douglas.


Huge Recently Renovated Duplex 2 Bedrooms Apt, 1500 Sq Ft. Large Kitchen W/ Granite Counter Top, New Stainless Steel Appliances. Large Dining Area, 2 Full Baths, Bright And Sunny Apt. With Lots Of Windows And Spacious Closets. New Wooden Floors Throughout, 2 Brand New Bathrooms. Minutes From Subway Station, 10 Minutes To Nyc, Very Convenient Location With School, Supermarkets, Restaurants And Bars All Around! Heat And Hot Water Included! Don'T Pass Out!!


text:
Q: Subtracting work days not working I tried a formula for subtracting 3 working day, I found googling and a piece of it does not work for me. I found this: =IF(WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR(RStartDate),MONTH(RStartDate),DAY(RStartDate)-3),2)=6,DATE(YEAR(RStartDate),MONTH(RStartDate),DAY(RStartDate)-4),IF(WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR(RStartDate),MONTH(RStartDate),DAY(RStartDate)-3),2)=7,DATE(YEAR(RStartDate),MONTH(RStartDate),DAY(RStartDate)-5),DATE(YEAR(RStartDate),MONTH(RStartDate),DAY(RStartDate)-3)))
I modified it to have my date field name and it calculates but when I do a date for a Monday, Tuesday or Sunday it calculates whole days and not working days as the formula states it would. I am a newbie to Sharepoint formulas. I looked for a long time on how to interpret the weekday function and have become lost and flustered.
I validated this with Excel networkdays comparison.
Example: Monday 11/6/2017 networkdays is 11/1/2017 but with this formula it is 11/3/2017.
sharepoint   EXCEL      start date   weekday
11/3/2017   11/1/2017   11/6/2017   MONDAY
11/28/2017  11/28/2017  12/1/2017   FRIDAY
10/13/2017  10/13/2017  10/18/2017  WEDNESDAY
9/18/2017   9/18/2017   9/21/2017   THURSDAY
9/29/2017   9/28/2017   10/3/2017   Tuesday
9/14/2017   9/13/2017   9/17/2017   Sunday
9/6/2017    9/6/2017    9/9/2017    Saturday

Can someone please help me understand why this is happening? Much appreciated :)
Breanna


Looking back at the human history I gleaned from schooling, family units evolved into tribes, clans, and eventually nations. A common language and culture, ultimately codified by geographic boundaries solidified into units. Common needs united humans and common symbols reinforced this bond. Symbols grew to include clothing, celebrations, pledges and anthems. Children were taught respect for symbols at an early age and respect was reinforced through daily and periodic activity. Empires follow when leaders' desire for power outgrows national borders. While empires eventfully fail, nations are longer lived, perhaps because of commonalities. Lifetime observations have led me to believe that the larger the entity, the less accountable and efficient it becomes. The most recent glaring example can be seen in Houston where local churches and individuals have shown more compassion and efficiency for hurricane relief than the mighty Red Cross.
The United States was formed as a federalist democracy under a constitution with checks and balances to maintain stability. Nothing devised by man and maintained by man is ever perfect, but our founding fathers foresaw many potential flaws and did their best to circumvent them as much as possible.
As I see current events, one faction in America holds true to founding principles and others seek change. In efforts to accomplish this change, leaders are taking the path of dividing the nation into splinter sects, each with a different and often even conflicting agenda. For example, how can feminists and homosexuals ever reconcile their goals with Islamic law? A divided house can not stand and currently forces to divide us seemingly outnumber those which unite.
When sports figures and other entertainers decide to expand their venue into the realm of politics, participants immediately invite dissension and division among followers. Before jumping on bandwagons, how many ask themselves these questions?
Do I believe in national borders and citizenship rights for legal citizens associated within these borders?
Do I want to live in a country where there is a single standard for all citizens or do I want exemptions for special groups?
Do I want to live in a nation under law with organizations employed to uphold and enforce law?
Do I want bad or outmoded laws changed through an orderly legal process?
Do I believe purveyors of goods and services have the right to set personal boundaries for what and when they offer?
Perceived social injustice, hatred for Trump or the police, racial bias or any other articulated "wrong" publicized by sports and entertainment figures in my mind is simply using the wrong venue. America has favored these people with massive wealth and prestige. Instead of tearing down the very fabric of what made it possible for them, in my opinion, they should donate spare time and money to fix things and garner favorable publicity for these problems through coverage of good works rather than the divisive and negative atmosphere I observe today. Yes, the first amendment offers them the right to free speech, but personal judgement suggests when it is appropriate and when it is not.
Shame on the media for allowing themselves to be used in this way and abdicating a charter trust for responsible journalism, fair and balanced.


text:
Songhong Road (淞虹路) is een station van de metro van Shanghai, gelegen in het district Changning.

Het station ligt aan lijn 2 en werd op 30 december 2006 geopend als onderdeel van de extensie in westelijke richting van de lijn van Zhongshan Park naar Songhong Road. Het station was dan ook de westelijke terminus van lijn 2 tot op 16 maart 2010 de verlenging naar het westen tot East Xujing in gebruik werd genomen.

Het station bevindt zich bij de kruising van Songhong Road met West Tianshan Road, waarlangs de lijn loopt.

Metrostation in Shanghai

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


After several years of working in frameworks like Wordpress, Expression Engine and the likes, The Nine decided it was time to build our own Content Management System to handle all of our digital sites. Ruby on Rails was the platform of choice as we desired a language that allowed us to write clean code and build quickly.
The Nine has built our own Content Management System called Caboose. With our love for Rails, we felt it only right to name our backend system with such a name. Caboose is a robust and powerful CMS that allows you to edit and add to your site in ways never experienced before. The beauty of Caboose is you won't need any experience or development background to handle editing your content. We provide training to your team to help understand how to use Caboose and will also give you access to how to videos on using the system.


Where is Arbors Wellness located?
We are located at 321 E Liberty in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Our nearest cross streets are S.Division & 5th Avenue.
We have free parking on site!
Do you sell marijuana seeds or clones to patients?
No, we do not provide seeds or clones at this time.
Yes, all of our products (flower, concentrates, and edibles) are tested by PSI Labs, an accredited medical marijuana testing facility.
How do I get my Michigan Medical Marijuana Card?
To obtain your Michigan Medical Marijuana Card, you must go to the following website: http://www.michigan.gov/lara/0,4601,7-154-72600_72603_51869—,00.html and print out a copy of the MMMp Application Packet. This packet contains three forms: a checklist, The Patient Information Form, and a Physician Certification Form. Fill out the Patient Information Form and take the Doctor Certification Form to your certified Michigan physician or a physician at a certification center, such as Pied Pfeifer Compassionate Care Clinic. After your Application Packet is completed, please send it priority mail to the address provided on your application as well as a $60 check or money order. In about 3 weeks, if approved, you will receive your Michigan Medical Marijuana Card in the mail.
Do you have physicians in house to complete my medical marijuana application?
As of this writing, there are about 30 states with qualifying medical marijuana programs. If you're unsure if your documentation works, just give us a quick call before you visit.
OHIO PATIENTS: Please note that you must have an copy of your official state issued registry. We're sorry, but older doctor issued cards can't be accepted.
Can you mail or deliver my medicine?
Unfortunately, the delivery of medical marijuana through the mail is illegal.
We do not provide a delivery service for medication; however, we do have Express Pickup for patients where you can call your order in for pick-up and it will be ready for you when you arrive to our building.
What products do you have/ Do you have non-smoking forms of cannabis?
Visit leafly.com & weedmaps.com for detailed updated list of our current inventory.
Do you accept temporary paperwork?
We're sorry, but new regulations mean we are unable to accept temporary paperwork.
LARA MMMP website writes: "If you submitted your application more than 5 weeks ago and have not received your registry ID card, please call (517)-284-6400 and select option #4".
Michigan's cannabis laws are complex and often changing. Although counties and cities may have different regulations, the state has produced several pieces of legislation that pertain to all of us.
To become a patient or caregiver, renew your cards, or change your registry information, you will need to fill out forms provided by Michigan's LARA. There is even a form for a reduced application fee.
Is your card about to expire? Apply for a card renewal beforehand to continue medicating legally. This process is very similar to your original card application, but it is very necessary to protect yourself while carrying and consuming cannabis safely.


text:
Navy report cites crew's ineffective response for loss of Bonhomme Richard
(WASHINGTON) — A cascade of failures – from a junior enlisted sailor not recognizing a fire at the end of his duty watch to fundamental problems with how the Navy trains sailors to fight fires in shipyards – were responsible for the five-day blaze that cost the service of USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6), according to an investigation into the July 2020 fire reviewed by USNI News.
The investigation, overseen by former 3rd Fleet commander Vice Adm. Scott Conn, found that a two-year, $249 million maintenance period rendered the ship's crew unprepared to fight the fire, which the service says was set by a crewmember.
The amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard burns at Naval Base San Diego on July 12, 2020. U.S. Navy photo
"Although the fire was started by an act of arson, the ship was lost due to an inability to extinguish the fire," Conn wrote in his investigation, which was completed in April and reviewed by USNI News this week. "In the 19 months executing the ship's maintenance availability, repeated failures allowed for the accumulation of significant risk and an inadequately prepared crew, which led to an ineffective fire response."
Beyond the ship, Conn concluded that training and oversight failures throughout the fleet – from Naval Sea Systems Command, U.S. Pacific Fleet, Naval Surface Force Pacific Fleet and several other commands – contributed to the loss of the $2 billion warship. Conn singled out 36 individuals, including five admirals, who were responsible for the loss of the ship due to either their actions on July 12 or lack of oversight leading up to the alleged arson.
"The training and readiness of the ship's crew were deficient. They were unprepared to respond. Integration between the ship and supporting shore-based firefighting organizations was inadequate," wrote Pacific Fleet commander Adm. Samuel Paparo in his Aug. 3 endorsement of the investigation. "There was an absence of effective oversight that should have identified the accumulated risk, and taken independent action to ensure readiness to fight a fire. Common to the failures evident in each of these broad categories was a lack of familiarity with requirements and procedural noncompliance at all levels of command."
The revelation of the report comes after the Navy charged Bonhomme Richard sailor Seaman Apprentice Ryan Sawyer Mays with arson in July. Prosecutors say he set the fire on the ship, while his attorney says the Navy has little evidence to tie him to the crime. Mays' Article 32 preliminary hearing is expected to be held on Nov. 17 in San Diego.
Click here to read the complete USNI report.
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This book is about the relations of friendship with the other nations of the earth, political and commercial, have been preserved unimpaired, and the opportunities to improve them have been cultivated with anxious and unremitting attention.
The Duplicate Letters, the Fisheries and the Mississippi. Documents relating to transactions at the negotiation of Ghent. Collected and published by J. Q. Adams.


The hexadecimal color code #75686a is a shade of pink-red. In the RGB color model #75686a is comprised of 45.88% red, 40.78% green and 41.57% blue. In the HSL color space #75686a has a hue of 351° (degrees), 6% saturation and 43% lightness. This color has an approximate wavelength of 494.52 nm.


text:
.. _aiohttp-client:

Client
======

.. module:: aiohttp

The page contains all information about aiohttp Client API:

.. toctree::
   :name: client

   Quickstart <client_quickstart>
   Advanced Usage <client_advanced>
   Reference <client_reference>
   Tracing Reference <tracing_reference>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Overall Impression: Can't wait to go back!!!!!
I have been to 3 other camps in Saskatchewan,and Richard & Kathy's is by far the best. I arrived as a client,and I feel I left as a FRIEND. The hunting experience of being way back in the "bush" is second to none. I saw the "Buck of MY DREAMS" on day 2,but was unable to get a shot,only to get fooled by a similar but smaller buck later the same day. My guide,Lawrence,was everything a guide should be. He worked very hard,and knew what he was doing.We are now keeping in touch as friends. I'm booked again,along with 2 friends.


text:
Advertising on national icons?
16 June 2010 min read
ABC television show, The Gruen Transfer, has put the controversial question to top industry figures about whether advertising should be permitted on national icons such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the Opera House and Uluru.
Interviewees included, Richard Herring, CEO of APN Outdoor Advertising, Todd Sampson, CEO of Leo Burnett Sydney and Russel Howcroft, national managing director at George Patterson Y&R.
Herring focused on the benefits that such a project could bring to Australia: "The advertising would need to be in keeping with the icon. You've got to be sensitive about it. But it would still have enormous impact. The impact of advertising on something like the Opera House or Uluru would be global. It's hard to put a dollar value on it, but it would most likely be in the tens of millions. That money could then flow back to help maintain and preserve those icons for future generations. Government money could then be redirected from our precious national icons and used to support things like public hospitals."
Sampson also answered in the affirmative: "They're already advertising on the Opera House. They're advertising for Pink Ribbon Day. It goes pink and everybody knows. They're using it as a public billboard. It's pink, nobody complains and everyone's okay with it."
Howcroft mentioned the monetary aspect of such a project, "You could go with a global brand. Maybe Apple launching its latest iAd on the side of the Opera House. The Opera House gets a million bucks for doing it for one day. That's pretty good."
The show is due to be broadcast on Wednesday 16th June and is being supported and promoted by national newspaper advertising.
« Online communities are the way to surviveMedia bosses out on the street »


text:
var mongoose = require('mongoose'),
  ObjectId = mongoose.Types.ObjectId,
  HError = mongoose.model('HError'),
  HErrorType = mongoose.model('HErrorType'),
  HErrorTypeGroup = mongoose.model('HErrorTypeGroup'),
  UAParser = require('ua-parser-js');

var userService = require('../../admin/services/admin-user.server.service');
var errorService = require('../../error/services/error.server.service');

exports.createError = function (req, res, next) {

  // @TO-DO
  // projectKey 랑 apiKey 로 유효성 검즈하는 로직 필요
  var herror = new HError();
  herror.projectKey = req.params.projectKey;
  herror.userAgent = req.query.userAgent;
  herror.language = req.query.language;
  herror.host = req.headers.host;
  herror.referer = req.headers.referer;
  herror.clientIp = req.ip;

  //safari 에서 columnNumber 가 아예 안 넘어오네
  req.query.columnNumber = req.query.columnNumber ? req.query.columnNumber : -1;

  //https://github.com/faisalman/ua-parser-js
  var uaparser = new UAParser();
  var uaResult = uaparser.setUA(herror.userAgent).getResult();
  herror.browser = uaResult.browser;
  herror.device = uaResult.device;
  herror.os = uaResult.os;

  HErrorType.findOne({
    projectKey: req.params.projectKey,
    type: req.query.name,
    message: unescape(req.query.message),
    fileName: req.query.file,
    colNo: req.query.columnNumber.length < 1 ? -1 : req.query.columnNumber,
    lineNo: req.query.lineNumber.length < 1 ? -1 : req.query.lineNumber
  }).exec(function (err, fherrorType) {

    if (!fherrorType) {
      var herrorType = new HErrorType();
      herrorType.projectKey = req.params.projectKey;
      herrorType.projectRoot = req.query.projectRoot;
      herrorType.context = req.query.context;
      herrorType.type = req.query.name;
      herrorType.message = unescape(req.query.message);
      herrorType.fileName = req.query.file;
      herrorType.colNo = req.query.columnNumber;
      herrorType.lineNo = req.query.lineNumber;
      herrorType.stack = req.query.stacktrace;
      // 크롬에서는 message가 errortype:message 형식으로 와서 짤라냈는데 일단 그거 하지 말자
      //if( herrorType.message.indexOf(':') > -1 ) herrorType.message = herrorType.message.slice(herrorType.message.indexOf(':')+1);

      herrorType.save(function (err) {
        if (err) {
          console.error(err);
        }
        var herrorTypeGroup = new HErrorTypeGroup();
        herrorTypeGroup.projectKey = req.params.projectKey;
        herrorTypeGroup.errorType = herrorType;
        herrorTypeGroup.errorTypeRep = herrorType;
        herrorTypeGroup.save(function (err) {
          if (err) {
            console.error(err);
          }
          herror.errorType = herrorType;
          herror.errorTypeRep = herrorType;
          herror.save(function (err) {
            if (err) {
              console.error(err);
            }
            res.end();
          });
        });
      });
    } else {
      HErrorType.update({_id: fherrorType._id},
        {
          lastSeen: new Date()
        }, function (err) {
          if (err) {
            console.error(err);
          }
          HErrorTypeGroup.findOne({
            projectKey: req.params.projectKey,
            errorType: fherrorType
          }).exec(function (err, fherrorTypeGroup) {
            if (err) {
              console.error(err);
            }
            herror.errorType = fherrorType;
            herror.errorTypeRep = fherrorTypeGroup ? fherrorTypeGroup.errorTypeRep : fherrorType;
            herror.save(function (err) {
              if (err) {
                console.error(err);
              }
              res.end();
            });
          });
        });
    }
  });
};

exports.listErrorStream = function (req, res, next) {
  HError.find({
    projectKey: req.params.projectKey,
    created: {$lt: req.query.createdBefore}
  }).populate('errorType').limit(req.query.limit).sort('-created')
    .exec(function (err, herrors) {
      if (err) {
        return next(err);
      }
      res.json(herrors);
    });
};

exports.listErrorTypeSummary = function (req, res, next) {
  HError.aggregate([
    {
      $match: {
        projectKey: req.params.projectKey,
        'errorTypeRep': {'$exists': true},
        created: {
          $gt: new Date(req.query.start),
          $lt: new Date(req.query.end)
        }
      }
    },
    {
      $group: {
        _id: "$errorTypeRep",
        users: {$addToSet: "$clientIp"}, // clientIp 를 여기서 다 가져오는게 맞을까...
        occurances: {$sum: 1}
      }
    },
    {
      $sort: {occurances: -1}
    },
    {
      $limit: 50
    }
  ], function (err, result) {
    if (err) {
      return next(err);
    }
    HErrorType.populate(result, {path: '_id', name: 'errorType'}, function (err, errorTypeSummaryList) {
      if (err) {
        return next(err);
      }

      var totalOccurances = 0;
      errorTypeSummaryList.forEach(function (a, b) {
        totalOccurances += a.occurances;
        a.users = a.users.length;
      });
      var errorTypeSummary = {
        totalOccurances: totalOccurances,
        list: errorTypeSummaryList
      };
      res.json(errorTypeSummary);
    })

  });

};

exports.listErrorTypeHistory = function (req, res, next) {
  var start = new Date(req.query.start);
  var end = new Date(req.query.end);
  var diffMs = end - start;
  var diffDays = Math.round(diffMs / 86400000); // days
  var diffHrs = Math.round(diffMs / (1000 * 60 * 60)); // hours
  var diffMins = Math.round(diffMs / (1000 * 60)); // minutes

  // day
  var historyGroup = {year: {$year: "$created"}, month: {$month: "$created"}, day: {$dayOfMonth: "$created"}};
  var historyMatch = function (data, date) {
    return data._id &&
      data._id.year == date.getUTCFullYear() &&
      data._id.month == (date.getUTCMonth() + 1) &&
      data._id.day == date.getUTCDate();
  };
  var historyAdd = function (date) {
    date.setDate(date.getDate() + 1);
  };
  var historyRange = diffDays;
  var resultLabel = function (date) {
    return (date.getMonth() + 1) + "/" + date.getDate();
  };

  if (diffMins < 61) {        // 60분 이하면 분 단위 그루핑
    historyGroup.hour = {$hour: "$created"};
    historyGroup.minutes = {$minute: "$created"};
    historyMatch = function (data, date) {
      return data._id &&
        data._id.year == date.getUTCFullYear() &&
        data._id.month == (date.getUTCMonth() + 1) &&
        data._id.day == date.getUTCDate() &&
        data._id.hour == date.getUTCHours() &&
        data._id.minutes == date.getMinutes();
    };
    historyAdd = function (date) {
      date.setMinutes(date.getMinutes() + 1);
    };
    historyRange = diffMins;
    resultLabel = function (date) {
      return (date.getHours() + ":" + (date.getMinutes() < 10 ? "0" : "") + date.getMinutes());
    };
  } else if (diffHrs < 25) {   // 24시간 이하면 시간 단위 그루핑
    historyGroup.hour = {$hour: "$created"};
    historyMatch = function (data, date) {
      return data._id &&
        data._id.year == date.getUTCFullYear() &&
        data._id.month == (date.getUTCMonth() + 1) &&
        data._id.day == date.getUTCDate() &&
        data._id.hour == date.getUTCHours();  // db 에서 긁어온건 UTC hour 임. 비교할 때만 utc 로 하고 나머지는 걍 hour 로 하믄 됨
    };
    historyAdd = function (date) {
      date.setHours(date.getHours() + 1);
    };
    historyRange = diffHrs;
    resultLabel = function (date) {
      return (date.getHours() + ":00");
    };
  }

  HError.aggregate([
    {
      $match: {
        projectKey: req.params.projectKey,
        errorTypeRep: new ObjectId(req.params.errorType),
        created: {
          $gt: new Date(req.query.start),
          $lt: new Date(req.query.end)
        }
      }
    },
    {
      $group: {
        _id: historyGroup,
        count: {$sum: 1}
      }
    },
    {
      $sort: {_id: 1}
    }
  ], function (err, result) {
    if (err) {
      return next(err);
    }
    var resultWithEmptyDates = [];
    var curDate = new Date(req.query.start);
    var historyData = result.length > 0 ? result.shift() : {};
    for (var inx = 0; inx < historyRange + 1; inx++) {
      var count = 0;
      if (historyMatch(historyData, curDate)) {
        count = historyData.count;
        historyData = result.length > 0 ? result.shift() : {};
      }
      resultWithEmptyDates.push({
        label: resultLabel(curDate),
        count: count
      });
      historyAdd(curDate);
    }
    res.json(resultWithEmptyDates);
  });
};

exports.listErrorTypeBrowserShare = function (req, res, next) {
  var matchOption = {
    $match: {
      projectKey: req.params.projectKey,
      errorTypeRep: new ObjectId(req.params.errorType),
      created: {
        $gt: new Date(req.query.start),
        $lt: new Date(req.query.end)
      }
    }
  };

  if (req.query.filter == "true") {
    var filterDevice = JSON.parse(req.query.device);
    var filterOS = JSON.parse(req.query.os);
    if (filterDevice._id) {
      // https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/mongodb-the-definitive/9781449344795/ch04.html
      // subdocument의 경우 dot notation 을 쓰지 않으면 모든 속성이 맞아야 검색 가능
      // device 의 경우 type 을 빼고 검색하기 때문에 dot notation을 안 쓰고 걍 하면 안 됨
      matchOption.$match = {
        "device.vendor": filterDevice._id.vendor,
        "device.model": filterDevice._id.model == 'PC' ? '' : filterDevice._id.model
      };
    }
    if (filterOS._id) {
      matchOption.$match.os = {
        name: filterOS._id.name,
        version: filterOS._id.version
      };
    }
  }

  HError.aggregate([
    matchOption,
    {
      $group: {
        _id: {name: "$browser.name", major: "$browser.major"},
        count: {$sum: 1}
      }
    },
    {
      $sort: {count: -1}
    }
  ], function (err, result) {
    if (err) {
      return next(err);
    }

    res.json(result);
  });
};

exports.listErrorTypeDeviceShare = function (req, res, next) {

  var matchOption = {
    $match: {
      projectKey: req.params.projectKey,
      errorTypeRep: new ObjectId(req.params.errorType),
      created: {
        $gt: new Date(req.query.start),
        $lt: new Date(req.query.end)
      }
    }
  };

  if (req.query.filter == "true") {
    var filterBrowser = JSON.parse(req.query.browser);
    var filterOS = JSON.parse(req.query.os);
    if (filterBrowser._id) {
      matchOption.$match = {
        "browser.name": filterBrowser._id.name,
        "browser.major": filterBrowser._id.major
      };
    }
    if (filterOS._id) {
      matchOption.$match.os = {
        name: filterOS._id.name,
        version: filterOS._id.version
      };
    }
  }

  HError.aggregate([
    matchOption,
    {
      $group: {
        _id: {
          model: {$ifNull: ["$device.model", "PC"]},
          vendor: {$ifNull: ["$device.vendor", ""]}
        },
        count: {$sum: 1}
      }
    },
    {
      $sort: {count: -1}
    }
  ], function (err, result) {
    if (err) {
      return next(err);
    }
    res.json(result);
  });
};

exports.listErrorTypeOSShare = function (req, res, next) {
  var matchOption = {
    $match: {
      projectKey: req.params.projectKey,
      errorTypeRep: new ObjectId(req.params.errorType),
      created: {
        $gt: new Date(req.query.start),
        $lt: new Date(req.query.end)
      }
    }
  };

  if (req.query.filter == "true") {
    var filterBrowser = JSON.parse(req.query.browser);
    var filterDevice = JSON.parse(req.query.device);
    if (filterBrowser._id) {
      matchOption.$match = {
        "browser.name": filterBrowser._id.name,
        "browser.major": filterBrowser._id.major
      };
    }
    if (filterDevice._id) {
      matchOption.$match = {
        "device.vendor": filterDevice._id.vendor,
        "device.model": filterDevice._id.model == 'PC' ? '' : filterDevice._id.model
      };
    }
  }

  HError.aggregate([
    matchOption,
    {
      $group: {
        _id: "$os",
        count: {$sum: 1}
      }
    },
    {
      $sort: {count: -1}
    }
  ], function (err, result) {
    if (err) {
      return next(err);
    }
    res.json(result);
  });

};

exports.listErrorTypeStream = function (req, res, next) {
  HError.find({
    projectKey: req.params.projectKey,
    errorTypeRep: new ObjectId(req.params.errorType),
    created: {
      $gt: new Date(req.query.start),
      $lt: new Date(req.query.end)
    }
  }).populate('errorType').limit(500).sort('created')
    .exec(function (err, herrors) {
      if (err) {
        return next(err);
      }
      res.json(herrors);
    });
};

//daily errors summary by a project
exports.listDailySummaryForDashboard = function (req, res, next) {

  var fromDateStamp = req.query.fromDateStamp*1;
  var userId = userId = req.session.passport['user'];

  //get user's project id list
  userService.listUserProject(userId, function (err, projects) {
    if (err) return next(err);

    //get daily summary
    errorService.listDailySummaryByBrowser(fromDateStamp, projects, function (err, summary) {
      if (err) return next(err);

      var reduced = summary.reduce(function(pre, cur){
        if(!(cur._id.key in pre)) {
          pre.__arr.push(pre[cur._id.key] = cur);
          pre[cur._id.key].topBrowser = cur._id.browserName + '/' + cur._id.browserMajor;
          pre[cur._id.key].key = cur._id.key;
          delete pre[cur._id.key]._id;
        } else {
          pre[cur._id.key].total += cur.total;
        }
        return pre;
      }, {__arr:[]});

      projects.forEach(function(project) {
        if(!(project in reduced)) {
          reduced.__arr.push(reduced[project]={total: 0, topBrowser: 'n/a', key: project});
        }
      });

      //console.log(JSON.stringify(reduced));
      //console.log(JSON.stringify(summary));

      res.json(reduced.__arr);

    });
  });
};


Optos delivers comprehensive retinal imaging devices and evaluation tools to eyecare professionals. With the support of more than 400 clinical studies, optomap is the only clinically-validated, ultra-widefield retinal imaging technology in the industry. Our products enable eyecare professionals to detect, monitor, and effectively treat more retinal pathology thus saving sight and lives.


Nuriche Success Tip #3: Upgrade Your Circle of Influence!
In Nuriche, you have the privilege of being around top earners, hungry people and uber-successful folks. MLM is one of the few business models that constantly reinforces the motto that individuals MUST intend to reach the greatest potential and develop personally constantly.
The secret to empowering yourself through the sentiment of this message is to surround yourself with folks who are succeeding in Nuriche and other areas of life. No longer will you feel the need to associate with those who want to have a plain, typical existence and live by the phrase "hakuna matata!".
Yes, you will begin to live life with a purpose by associating with some of the most entrepreneurial individuals who will also push you to grow and grow past your previously held mental limitations.
Once you internalize this information, you'll find yourself achieving success in Nuriche that you never thought was possible!
This concludes part 3 of four in the series "4 Foundations for Success in Nuriche". Stay tuned for episode Four.
p.s. Are You Tired of Chasing Your Friends and Family, Wasting Gas Going Back and Forth To Nuriche Meetings to Meet Prospects that Never Show Up, Prospecting Strangers in the Parking Lot, and Spending a Bunch of Money on Leads Who "Don't Remember Filling Out Any Form?" I Was Too Until I Discovered the 7 Online Business Secrets to Get More Leads, Sales, and Sign-Ups…and how to Magically Make Money from Every Prospect You Talk To…Enter Your Email Below to Get The 7 Secrets!


text:
Q: iptables allow HTTP from anywhere, MySQL internally and lock SSH to a specific ip Having trouble getting my head around iptables rules
I need to:

*

*Allow HTTP traffic to 80 and 443 from anywhere

*Allow MySQL traffic 3306 internally

*Allow SSH access from a specific list of IP addresss

Any ideas?

A: According to fwbuilder (recommended) and a quick inspection, the following do ricks 1 and 3. Doing (2) depends strongly on your definition of "internal" (on interface, two interfaces, etc.)
$IPTABLES -N RULE_0
$IPTABLES -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp  -s 1.2.3.4   --dport 22  -m state --state NEW  -j RULE_0
$IPTABLES -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp  -s 1.2.3.4   --dport 22  -m state --state NEW  -j RULE_0
$IPTABLES -A RULE_0  -j LOG  --log-level info --log-prefix "RULE 0 -- ACCEPT "
$IPTABLES -A RULE_0  -j ACCEPT
#
# Rule 1 (global)
#
echo "Rule 1 (global)"
#
$IPTABLES -N RULE_1
$IPTABLES -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp  -m multiport  --dports 80,443  -m state --state NEW  -j RULE_1
$IPTABLES -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp  -m multiport  --dports 80,443  -m state --state NEW  -j RULE_1
$IPTABLES -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp  -m multiport  --dports 80,443  -m state --state NEW  -j RULE_1
$IPTABLES -A RULE_1  -j LOG  --log-level info --log-prefix "RULE 1 -- ACCEPT "
$IPTABLES -A RULE_1  -j ACCEPT

E.g. for a 192.168.1.0/254 internal network:
   $IPTABLES -N In_RULE_0
   $IPTABLES -A INPUT  -i eth0:1  -p tcp -m tcp  -s 192.168.1.0/24   -d 192.168.1.0/24    --dport 3306  -m state --state NEW  -j In_RULE_0
   $IPTABLES -A FORWARD  -i eth0:1  -p tcp -m tcp  -s 192.168.1.0/24   -d 192.168.1.0/24   --dport 3306  -m state --state NEW  -j In_RULE_0
   $IPTABLES -A In_RULE_0  -j LOG  --log-level info --log-prefix "RULE 0 -- ACCEPT "
   $IPTABLES -A In_RULE_0  -j ACCEPT
   $IPTABLES -N Out_RULE_0
   $IPTABLES -A OUTPUT  -o eth0:1  -p tcp -m tcp  -s 192.168.1.0/24   -d 192.168.1.0/24   --dport 3306  -m state --state NEW  -j Out_RULE_0
   $IPTABLES -A FORWARD  -o eth0:1  -p tcp -m tcp  -s 192.168.1.0/24   -d 192.168.1.0/24   --dport 3306  -m state --state NEW  -j Out_RULE_0
   $IPTABLES -A Out_RULE_0  -j LOG  --log-level info --log-prefix "RULE 0 -- ACCEPT "
   $IPTABLES -A Out_RULE_0  -j ACCEPT


Today we are announcing a new IoT solution to accelerate the development of secure SoCs, which has been built on PSA principles. The Arm SDK-700 System Design Kitis a comprehensive SoC system framework for designing secure SoCs for rich IoT nodes, gateways, and embedded applications. This solution enables partners to build secure devices within a common software development environment, while enabling the diversity and differentiation for their business to thrive in new IoT applications.
Having more powerful processors in IoT end nodes is becoming a requirement in many applications. We are seeing continued growth in voice activated assistants, connected cameras, computer vision and more, but these and other emerging use cases require the ability to easily integrate media processing abilities and manage demanding workloads. The SDK-700 delivers a flexible compute architecture combining the performance of Cortex-A with the high efficiency and real-time capability of Cortex-M processors. The Cortex-A processor enables a rich development environment such as Azure Sphere OS or Linux OS.
The SDK-700 incorporates a new flexible subsystem, based on PSA principles, designed to save time-to-security and reduce risk for SoC developers.
Connecting a trillion connected devices will require all parts of the value chain to embrace the guiding principle that security can no longer be optional or an afterthought when designing IoT SoCs and systems. But to do this, the industry needs to move faster and foster more trust. SDK-700 is one more way for the industry to move faster with a proven and validated approach for embedded systems design. Fostering more trust comes from efforts like PSA, Azure Sphere and ultimately and more industry leaders upholding the digital social contract to protect products over their design lifetime.


The Drive Medical 3 Position Heavy Duty Bariatric Geri Chair Recliner is an extra strong bariatric model Geri Chair designed to allow you to get out the restrictions of your bed and gain independence and improve your quality of life similar to other Mobility Aids. It features a built-in headrest, and wide, comfortable armrests which are angled to provide maximum support in any reclined position. With a weight limit of 500 pounds this heavy duty Geri Chair recliner has three comfortable positions, upright, a deep recline position, or with the leg rest/footrest elevated. There is also a retractable lock bar which secures the chair in your chosen position.
The Drive 3 Position Heavy Duty Bariatric Geri Chair Recliner also includes self-adjusting suspension, and it has a moisture barrier applied in the seat. The suspension keeps the user from bottoming out when weight and pressure are applied to the seat, and the moisture barrier on the seat prevents seepage.
The Drive Medical D574EW Series 3 Position Heavy Duty Bariatric Geri Chair Recliner comes complete with 5-inch caster wheels, the two wheels in the rear feature brake locks that can be pressed down to secure the recliner in place. There is also a large blow molded tray attached to the recliner. For added flexibility, this tray can be locked in 5 different positions and it can also be stored on the side of the chair when not in use.


With the new year just underway, we polled 13 economic experts for their predictions for the global economy in 2019. Before diving into that, our latest economic outlook for the global economy has growth coming in at 3.1% in 2019, which is below the 3.3% increase projected for 2018. Global economic growth is seen coming in at 2.9% in 2020.
The global economy is projected to post weaker growth this year mainly due to less accommodative financial conditions worldwide and as some of the world's largest economies approach the tail-end of their current economic cycles, pushing down global economic activity and, especially, global demand. Moreover, risks to the global economic outlook continue to be skewed to the downside due to elevated political and trade tensions between China and the United States, fueling economic uncertainty. Meanwhile, the ongoing monetary tightening by central banks in advanced economies could spur further capital outflows from emerging markets, putting their financial markets at risk.
Global growth forecasts are especially difficult. Unlike an individual country, there is wide variability in results. These forecasts should have a wide error band, but this usually does not get much mention.
The shift in China to a consumer-driven economy. The amount and effect of stimulus is not certain, but will be slower than if added to manufacturing. Should we believe the "official" data?
Brexit – hard, soft, or reconsidered.
US government shutdown. This has an incremental effect, but it accumulates.
Iran sanctions, OPEC decisions, and Russian reactions.
Many of these factors ripple into emerging markets. My conclusion is that the error band is wider than ever this year. Despite this, I expect results a bit better than most forecasts. Why? Forecasters seem to be leaning toward worst-case conclusions to most major problems. Solutions are always difficult to see until they arrive.
Jeff Miller is the President of New Arc Investments, Inc. and a former professor of advanced research methods at the University of Wisconsin.
Visit Jeff's website Dash of Insight and follow him on Twitter here.
It is my view that in 2019, the global economy will undergo a significant slowdown resulting from several overlapping factors. First, the impending "tariff war" (including retaliatory tariffs) is expected to hinder international trade, likely reducing growth in the global economy. Moreover, because higher tariffs may trigger inflation (and expectations thereof), higher interest rates may ensue, which could serve as a further drag on global economic growth. Compounding the issue of higher interest rates is the growing U.S budget deficit. The short-run stimulus effects from the December 2017 deficit-financed tax cuts may already be waning. As such, tax revenue generated through recent increases in employment might not be sustainable, leading to larger budget deficits and potentially higher interest rates, ceteris paribus. While expanding U.S. budget deficits in recent years have not been accompanied by rising interest rates, it is important to note that these budget deficits occurred at a time when the Federal Reserve System was conducting "highly accommodative" monetary policy, which is no longer the case. Moreover, in the past several years the U.S.'s heavy borrowing from abroad (including from China) has probably helped to keep U.S. interest rates low. With a slowing global economy might come a fading in these countries' appetites to purchase U.S. Treasuries, thus contributing to higher interest rates, further hindering global growth. It is too early to tell if this slowdown in global economic growth will result in a global recession.
Marie Mora, PhD, is a professor of economics at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley and Director of the NSF-funded AEA Mentoring Program.
Follow Marie on Twitter here.
The central idea is that we are in the process of a change of cycle that central banks and governments are unlikely to disguise, because both monetary tools and fiscal space have been exhausted. This change of cycle may not lead to a 2008-style recession, but more likely to a Japanese-style stagnation as debt continues to rise while economic and productivity growth weaken. As such, we as investors may believe the mirage of a chain of "bullish" headlines in the first part of 2019: a trade deal between the U.S. and China (likely), a large China stimulus (very likely) and central banks' relative dovishness (highly likely). This may create short-term bounces, but the euphoria effect may quickly fade because even with a bounce in global liquidity, net financing needs may exceed real growth. If markets react quickly and aggressively to these "false" bullish signals increasing risk and leverage, the probability of falling into a 2008-style crisis increases. Liquidity is falling, and this may reduce this risk of abnormal bullishness.
Read the rest of Daniel's thoughts on the global economy in 2019 here.
Daniel Lacalle is Chief Economist at Tressis, professor of global economy and author of "Escape from the Central Bank Trap".
Visit Daniel's website his website here and follow him on Twitter here.
I expect a moderate deceleration in growth in 2019 for the US and the global economy. In fact, there are already signs that a slowdown is underway. In the US, for instance, fourth-quarter GDP growth is expected to soften for a second straight quarter to below 3%. A softer trend is showing up for late-2018 numbers on global scale as well. For now, the slowdown appears to be moderate and so recession remains low.
Disappointing reports in the incoming data in 2019 could change the outlook, however, and so close monitoring of the numbers in this year's first quarter is crucial for deciding if the expansion will survive in 2019.
Picerno has been writing about investing and macroeconomics since the early 1990s at Bloomberg, Dow Jones and other media groups before becoming an independent writer/analyst in 2008.
Visit James' website The Capital Spectator and follow him on Twitter here.
The global economy will continue to grow though there will be deceleration in the overall rate of growth. Some of this is a natural progression into the latter stages of an economic expansion and some is better thought of as a transition in economic model. FocusEconomics' blog post of the ten largest economies in 2019 and 2020 (11/8/2018) is a great starting point for discussion. At least eight of the top ten face serious structural questions related to their macroeconomic performance in the next two years. At the time of writing this the largest is in a government shutdown and the fifth largest cannot figure out the nature of its departure from a customs and trade union. Combine moderation in growth with the issue of government debt levels and questionable trajectories for fiscal policy and I expect global volatility to remain a concern for the coming year.
David T. Flynn, PhD, is the Department Chair and Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of North Dakota.
Visit David's website Barter is Evil and follow him on Twitter here.
Economists are often asked to predict where the (global) economy is going, but we've a bad track record so I wil merely describe a possible scenario that's worth considering.
In the past few years, we have seen a shift in the median political-economic situation in countries, from free-market liberalism towards interventionist nationalism. These perspectives have existed for ages, but the loss of faith in markets and anger at policies that favor rich global elites ("the 1 percent") has led many citizens to support politicians who promise to redistribute wealth on a local (often tribal) basis. This shift can be seen in Brexit, Trump, China and the rise (or unmasking) of nationalist politicians in Turkey, India, Italy, Brazil... the list is long.
Economists have a good understanding of the benefits of trade and the harm that results from its restrictions, so we can be pretty sure that anti-global, pro-national interventions will harm the poor who lose access to cheaper imported goods as they enrich local producers facing less competition at home. Although some workers will benefit from a shift towards autarky, a much larger number of their fellow citizens will be harmed by a loss of opportunities and increase in corruption fed by businesses lobbying for special treatment. These trends will be visible in macroeconomic data, but politicians and the media will pay far more attention to a few visible winners who get new jobs while ignoring the mass of invisible losers who suffer "pain by a thousand cuts." As an example, consider how Trump's steel-aluminum tariffs and pro-coal policies have saved a few jobs but kneecapped metal users, undermined renewable energy firms and increased pollution in many vulnerable communities.
My greatest worry is that voters and citizens seem willing to do great economic harm to themselves and others in order to gain political pride. Many of Trump's supporters and Brexiteers are fine with harming themselves and trade allies (Mexico/Canada and the EU, respectively). In my worst case scenario, I think that China may be close to discarding Hong Kong's "special status" in favor of national champions and/or a desire to quash political pluralism in the course of consolidating Xi's Chinese Dream of regional (and soon global) hegemony.
My bottom line is that we are likely to see emboldened populists making previously unthinkable mistakes in 2019 that will impoverish their citizens, aggravate their neighbors and trade partners, and perhaps trigger violence and migration among people who see their chances of future prosperity disappear.
Visit David's website The One-Handed Economist.
I am particularly focused on the US and UK for the next few months. There are many variables in the mix right now, and the US and UK have serious political troubles on the horizon. The recent UK vote has spun Brexit on its head, moving towards a more liberal order which will benefit citizens but potentially halt foreign investment. The US tariffs imposed on physical trade and the government shutdown could send the American economy into a deep tailspin.
Chad Hagan is an author; Chairman and CEO of Hagan Capital Group (HCG).
Visit Chad's website Chaganomics and follow him on Twitter here.
The US employment to population ratio will continue to creep up toward 61%, which given population growth implies robust new job numbers.
The euro-zone economy will continue to look sluggish, but will very gradually improve.
The UK economy will do OK, despite a continuing mess from Brexit. There is an outside, but important chance that a new referendum will cancel Brexit.
The Chinese economy will be the most important news in 2019. In particular, the financial system of the Chinese economy will show a lot of strain, even though the Chinese government will contain any potential financial crisis. Besides defaults and bailouts, the key thing to watch is whether borrowing rates for state-owned and state-favored enterprises and borrowing rates for private enterprises begin to converge. This is a key metric for whether the Chinese economy is moving in a healthy direction.
For world welfare, the most important news will be that Africa and India will continue to have significant growth in per capita income.
Miles Kimball is the Eugene D. Eaton Jr. Professor of Economics at the University of Colorado and also a columnist for Quartz.
Visit Miles' website Confessions of a Supply-Side Liberal and follow him on Twitter here.
While I cannot give you a precise number, the consensus on a slowing global economy seems about right to me.
The two main risks in my opinion are at a global scale an escalation of the trade wars between the increasingly unpredictable Trump administration and China, and in Europe the Italian government getting tangled in a banking crisis. I believe Brexit, even in its no deal form, to have been in some way already embedded in expectations and behaviors.
Francesco Saraceno, PhD, is a senior economist at OFCE Sciences-Po.
Visit Francesco's website Sparse Thoughts of a Gloomy European Economist and follow him on Twitter here.
This year is a really tough call. Why? Because the level of uncertainty is unusually high.
Mostly with China but also Germany. Either things will improve or they'll get worse (for free trade that is).
Not just in the US, but globally, this is a problem central banks are wrestling with. Unwinding their balance sheets is probably the easier part but they are also keen to normalise interest rates before the demographic time-bomb of unfunded state and corporate pensions blows up in their faces. I may find myself berating them but I genuinely feel sorry for central bankers, their mandates always leave them between a rock and a hard place.
What does that mean for markets (stocks, bonds, real estate and currencies) more volatility but also more erratic, disjointed volatility. Financial market returns never tend to be normally distributed but looking ahead I expect more skewness and kurtosis. Things will go from calm to crazy faster than usual in 2019. Good for traders but miserable for investors.
Colin Lloyd is a veteran of financial markets of more than 30 years.Visit his website In the Long Run.
To quote Yogi Berra, prediction is difficult, particularly about the future. But here goes. There are preliminary signs of a slowdown in German automobile production. China is ticking over slowly. Central Banks are reversing QE and the Eurozone is teetering on the brink of political crisis. US – China relations are fragile and new tariffs could be imposed in March.
The big predictor of US recessions is a downturn in housing starts which we have not, as yet, seen.
Scenario 1. Central banks continue to wind down balance sheets, the Fed raises rates at least twice, Britain crashes out of the EU without a deal and France revisits Paris 68. Trump imposes new tariffs and the Chinese execute a Canadian student in retaliation for detaining a Huawei executive. Probability of a global recession: p = 0.99.
Scenario 2. The Fed comes to its senses and maintains a large balance sheet, Brexit is tempered by loose UK fiscal and monetary policy, and the yellow jackets get tired of protesting. China blinks in trade talks and the Canada-China dispute is resolved diplomatically. Probability of a global recession in 2019-2020: p = 0.2.
My mean guess: p = 0.4.
Roger E.A. Farmer is Research Director at NIESR in London and a Professor of Economics at the University of Warwick.
Visit his website Roger Farmer's Economic Window and follow him on Twitter.
The only certain things about the world economy in 2019 are uncertainty and volatility given the current state of trade relations between the world's two largest economies at a time when economic growth in both also appears to be slowing down. The United States had a strong 2018 and is likely at the top of its economic cycle. Despite President Trump's protests directed at the Federal Reserve, interest rates are projected to continue rising and if there is continuing disruption to U.S. and world trade the U.S. economy may enter a mild recession. Compounding this are the potential negative wealth effects on spending by consumers and investors of an increasingly volatile stock market which is reacting to a high degree of political and economic uncertainty. As for China, its rate of growth while still robust by European or North American standards is nevertheless slowing down and this is being exacerbated by the impact of US tariffs as well as a massive amount of Chinese debt that will constrain future prospects for infrastructure spending. Naturally, a resolution of the current trade disputes between the U.S. and China would go a long way in improving the world economic outlook. With respect to Europe, growth there has also been slowing and the ultimate impact of Brexit remains a large source of economic uncertainty. Meanwhile Japan continues to expand but very weakly. And of course, it remains that the recovery from the 2008-09 recession is incomplete given that fiscal stimulus and easy money have in the end generated an even larger global debt pile. Based on all this, the optimistic projection for 2019 is that overall growth will remain positive but slow from rates achieved in 2017 and 2018. The pessimistic projection for 2019 is that continued trade disputes, gradually rising interest rates, debt overhang and economic uncertainty will come together to tip the global economy into recession.
Livio Di Matteo is Professor of Economics at Lakehead University in Canada. Livio contributes to the Worthwhile Canadian Initiative and also manages his own blog, Nothern Economist 2.0.
The second half [of 2018], and especially the last quarter of 2018 offered us a glimpse of what awaits investors in 2019 and 2020. The Goldilocks era was sharply bumped off its pedestal to be replaced by the VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) dynamics of the markets consumed by the re-coupling of key risks. These risks are here to stay.
In simple terms, 2019 is likely to be a year of structural breaks and VUCA re-coupling. Advanced economies' weakening real growth conditions are likely to run parallel to the financial markets characterized by rising liquidity risks, increased volatility and uncertainty. Growing complexity of financial strategies deployed to counter these risks will become tightly coupled with the ambiguity of the overall macroeconomic and monetary policies, as the U.S. and the rest of the world diverge on fiscal deficits and monetary tightening. Pursuit of growth by policymakers and chasing of higher returns by investors can easily give way to deleveraging and wealth preservation objectives. Such a shift, while overdue, is likely to be a painful one for all involved.
Dr. Constantin Gurdgiev is Professor of Finance at Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey and continues as adjunct assistant professor of finance at Trinity College, Dublin.
Visit Constantin's website True Economics and follow him on Twitter here.
5-year economic forecasts for more than 130 countries & 30 commodities.


(Bourbon) Pale pink sport from 'Mme.Isaac Pereire'. A good, reliable variety.
(Bourbon) Very pale silverypink. Translucent cupped flowers have the form of small water lilies. A beautiful, scented rose on a bush of medium vigour.
(Bourbon) A superb rose of lovely blush white with face powder-pink shadings. Each bloom is beautifully proportioned and opens out to a flat quartered shape. Scented.
(Bourbon Climber) A superb rose of lovely blush white with face powder pink shadings. Each bloom is beautifully proportioned and opens out to a flat, quartered shape. Scented.


text:
Home Learn Did You Know ? Why Real Hackers Prefer Linux Distro Over Other OS
Why Real Hackers Prefer Linux Distro Over Other OS
Sabarinath
Do you know why real hackers prefer Linux distro over Mac, Windows and other operating systems ?
Maybe we can say the availability of many hacking tools and the open-source nature of Linux is the main reason that compels hackers to use Linux. But it's not:
Hackers choose Linux because of a lot of reasons. In this article we are going to list those reasons: Why do real hackers use Linux?
First of all who is a hacker?
Now how to become a hacker?
Why Real Hackers Prefer Linux Over Other OS?
1. Open Source
2. Don't need to restart periodically
3. Normal system configuration
4. Don't freeze up or slows down due to memory leaks
6. Easy & fast installation
8. Multitasking
9. Network Friendliness
10. Privacy & Security
A hacker is someone who seeks and exploits weaknesses in a computer system or computer network and gains unauthorized access to your data.
Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, challenge, enjoyment or to evaluate those weaknesses to assist in removing them.
Maybe we can say a hacker is a "clever programmer". Because a real hacker always enjoys learning details of a programming language or system. Because they love doing programming rather than theorizing it.
So from the above point, it's clear that a hacker must need an operating system that provides the maximum security to test their skills and one which makes them more secure to do their activities on it.
So which is the favourite operating system of hackers:
Do Windows or Mac provide that kind of features?
Of course not they are busy spying their users. So whats hackers' next choice — Yes! definitely Linux. So, that's why real hackers prefer Linux — to test their programming skills in a secure environment.
Hacking is an art mixed with knowledge and dedication. So if any one asks me :
"How can I become a hacker?"
The answer is one simply can't become a hacker :
You must know to learn how to program — Important programming languages for hackers.
Next master in Linux kernel: learn how to use Linux.
Learn how to use the World Wide Web and write HTML.
If you like to learn how to use Linux without loosing Windows, then go for dual booting. Dual booting means installing two operating system, here Linux and Windows, which works independently in same PC.
I think dual booting may help beginners who like to become hacker to enter the Linux world without leaving Windows.
Checkout one example — How to dual boot Kali Linux and Windows.
Also checkout — 5 things to do before dual booting Linux with Windows.
Again back to why real hackers prefer Linux distro:
All types of hackers or hacking groups like Anonymous, Lizard Squad, etc uses Linux for hacking purposes. These hackers Linux choice clearly says the power of Linux over the world. Apart from hacking Linux also powers almost all supercomputers running today.
Do hackers use windows ?, Do hackers use a mac ? – No, real hackers use Linux because Linux is a free and open-source software development and distribution.
What's open-source software? — software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.
Having a Linux distribution is like having a fully controlled personal OS. Because Linux source code is at your fingertips as you can easily modify the source code of Linux distro according to your need and also the most of the applications that run on this operating system are also of open source which makes more benefit. Neither Windows nor Mac gives you this type of power as Linux provides.
After a software installation or after a Windows update your PC always asks to restart to make it fully functional. Hackers didn't use that type of OS which requires a frequent reboot after each software installation.
So hackers choose Linux which doesn't need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance levels.
System configuration is not a big deal in Linux, you can run Linux on any computer — from a low-cost PC to a supercomputer. Laptops/PC which is available today with normal system configuration is good to run a Linux distro.
This will be a notable feature of Linux. Another reason why hackers use Linux is unlike Windows or Mac, Linux doesn't need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance levels, and also it doesn't freeze up or slow down over time due to memory leaks and such things.
Another plus point of using Linux is its portability. One can use Linux distros along with Windows or Mac or any other OS without being installed. Yes, Linux always with you where ever you go 🙂
Because almost all Linux distro have Live booting feature. So you can get into any PC without installing Linux into it. You just need a downloaded Linux distro ISO file stored in your USB flash drive or CD/DVD.
May be difficult for beginners.
For hackers, Linux is handy — because hackers always switch their OS occasionally and Linux distros are always easy to install. And Linux installs faster than other operating systems. Also, the boot time of this operating system is faster than some of the operating system.
Linux distros support all the Unix software packages and can support all the common file formats in it. Even you can run Windows software with the help of a good emulator.
Linux is designed to do many things at the same time. Unlike Windows it won't hang up or slow down other works while copying or transferring files from your PC — and also, many much more work can easily be done on it without disturbing any primary processes.
The Linux is open-source and contributed by the team over the internet network, hence it very effectively manages to network over it and it also provides many libraries and commands that can be used to test network penetrations. Also, this operating system is more reliable and makes network backup faster than any other operating system.
Did you ever wonder why Linux doesn't requires an antivirus software ?
We all use an additional antivirus program along with pre-installed Windows Defender — Why ? Because we don't trust Windows inbuilt antivirus. So we are concerned about our online security.
On the other hand Linux doesn't requires an antivirus because Linux is the most secure OS as it has very fewer vulnerabilities.
And the next important feature is Linux comes along with security and privacy — every hacker likes to remains in the dark, so being anonymous is an important agenda for every hacker. And with the help of some tools in Linux, a hacker can completely remain under the hood.
Yes — now you will say — it is also possible in Windows by using a good VPN service. But the truth is even if you use a good VPN you can't hide away from Windows spying eyes.
So these are some reasons why Linux used for hacking. If you really want to become an ethical hacker uninstall your Windows and install a good advanced hacking Operating System or simply dual boot hacking Linux distro with Windows.
If you know any other reason — why hackers love Linux, please let us know.
Jason October 1, 2016 At 11:36 pm
Don't forget virtualization. Why dual boot when you can kvm? Virtual box and VMware run better on linux and for some reason, windows runs better on a virtual machine than it does running native on my computer. Shell scripting is another big reason we like Linux. A good script is worth a thousand clicks.
pooja Thakur June 28, 2017 At 11:35 pm
i really want to install linux in my computer but i can not decide FEDORA or UBUNTU what do you think is the best one?
TechLog360 July 14, 2017 At 9:08 pm
Go with Ubuntu..good one for newbies
Jks October 7, 2017 At 6:07 am
Kali linux would be a good choice
Tracy March 2, 2018 At 8:44 am
I haven't found a linux distro yet that doesn't freeze up. I found some that'll work for a while they all start freezing up and I have to hit the power button to shut down cause even the keyboard becomes unresponsive
I take that back. Knoppix is the only one that doesn't freeze up on me
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Two militants killed, soldier injured in Pulwama encounter
Srinagar: Two unidentified militants were killed and a solider was critically injured in an encounter that broke out between militants and armed forces in Zadoora area of South Kashmir's Pulwama district between the intervening night of Friday and Saturday, officials said.
A senior police official said that two unidentified militants have been killed while as a soldier has been injured in an exchange of fire between government forces and militants in Zadoora Pull area even as the operation is on.
Two militants have been killed whose identity is being ascertained, the official said adding that the soldier was critically injured and has been shifted to 92 base hospital Srinagar for treatment
Earlier, an official said that a joint team of Police, army's 50 RR and CRPF launched a cordon and search operation on specific information about the presence of militants in the area.
He said that as the joint team of forces approached towards the suspected spot, the hiding militants fired upon them which was retaliated triggering an encounter.
This is the second encounter in less than 24 hrs in south Kashmir as on Friday four militants were killed in a gunfight in Shopian district. (KNO)