The Aerial Experiment Association was officially comprised of five members.
Frederick 'Casey' Baldwin and Lt. Thomas E. Selfridge.
The five members of the Aerial Experiment Association were from two distinct generations. Dr. Bell was the senior scientist-inventor with an established reputation and prominent public profile. The younger generation of four bright, energetic and dedicated men was a perfect mix of talents to take on the task of meeting the goal of the Association: "To get into the air."
Dr. Bell was an American citizen with strong Canadian roots and an early childhood spent in Scotland. Curtiss and Selfridge were Americans. McCurdy and Baldwin were Canadians. The blend of skills, personalities and energies fueled one of the most productive groups of aviation pioneers.
In addition to the five members of the AEA, Mabel Hubbard Bell, wife of Dr. Bell, was very prominent in the affairs of the Association. Her provision of funds and constant support during the brief period when the Association conducted their work is often overlooked. A brief biographical segment on Mrs. Bell is therefore also included below.
Alexander Graham Bell is widely known as the inventor of the telephone. His patent for the telephone was issued on March 7, 1876. The patent led to the formation of several companies by Bell. He created a company to manufacture telephones and others to develop and install municipal telephone systems. The patent and subsequent growth of his companies provided him with considerable wealth.
Bell was a pioneer in speech and sound research involved in understanding the physical condition of deafness. His work to assist deaf people to learn to speak and utilize sign language is well documented and widely admired. It was as a result of his work with the deaf that he met Boston lawyer Gardiner Hubbard who was seeking a teacher for his daughter Mabel.
The association with Gardiner Hubbard, his wife Gertrude McCurdy and daughter Mabel was an important one. Bell married Mabel and worked closely with Gardiner Hubbard on a number of projects and business enterprises over the years.
Bell was truly one of the great scientific and creative minds of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He utilized his wealth from the invention of the telephone to explore other areas of endeavour. He was instrumental in the formation of the National Geographic Society and its journal, The National Geographic Magazine, one of the most widely recognized journals in the world. He founded the acclaimed Volta Institute to further work on the study of education for the deaf and started the prestigous journal Science, which still publishes major science papers to this day.
Bell's pioneering work with the tetrahedral form led to a number of applications. The use of the tetrahedral in the structure of large kites, some of them big enough to carry a person aloft, was remarkable. His experimentation with the tetrahedron was used in construction projects (a tower on his property at Beinn Breagh in Cape Breton, N.S. and other structures) as well as in kite framing. Some of the sketches in his notebooks of tetrahedral design ideas show how enamored he was with the utility and strength of the tetrahedron as a three dimensional structure.
Other efforts in the development of early flight were achieved through his association with the talented group of individuals known as The Aerial Experiment Association.
Dr. Bell was named as Chairman of the Aerial Experiment Association and he ensured that all the work of the association was well documented with recorded and published notes as well as with photographs.
Bell's career as a teacher of the deaf, his work with the invention of the telephone, his work with early aircraft and his work with the development of hydrofoils makes him one of the great inventors of all time.
For additional information on Bell's life and work, American History in Video presents a detailed video documentary overview of his life, Alexander Graham Bell: Voice of Invention, that is well worth viewing.
Casey Baldwin was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Robert and Elizabeth Mary Baldwin. Casey's grandfather was Sir Robert Baldwin, a Canadian Prime Minister prior to Confederation. On January 9, 1893 he was enrolled by his parents at Ridley College, a highly respected private school in St. Catharines, Ontario. He entered the school in the mid-year in 2nd Form (7th Grade today). He graduated from Ridley College after completing his secondary school education on June 26, 1900.
Following his graduation from Ridley, Baldwin attended the University of Toronto where he studied electrical and mechanical engineering. He graduated from the University of Toronto in the spring of 1906.
Baldwin was actively involved in sports while at Ridley and the University of Toronto. In university he was captain of the cricket team in 1904 and then captain of the Dominion Rugby Intercollegiate football team in the fall of 1905. He was also active in baseball, fencing and golf. Baldwin's skill at bat in both cricket and baseball earned him the nickname of 'Casey' which would follow him all his life. His friends began calling him 'Casey' after the character in the classic Earnest Thayer poem, "Casey at the Bat" which was written in 1888 and was very popular during Baldwin's time in university.
While attending university, Baldwin became friends with Douglas McCurdy, a fellow student, who was from Baddeck, Nova Scotia. While at university Baldwin and McCurdy followed with interest news of the pioneering efforts of inventors to try to figure out ways to build successful flying machines.
As he was about to leave the university for home, McCurdy invited Baldwin to spend the summer of 1906 in Baddeck where McCurdy's father worked for Alexander Graham Bell as personal secretary. Since Casey Baldwin had no other immediate plans he thought it would be an interesting way to spend some time seeing Canada's east coast and getting to meet the famous Dr. Bell.
After three days of rail travel they arrived in Baddeck. McCurdy introduced Baldwin to the Bells and before long the two young men were heavily involved in assisting Alexander with his kite experiments. Mabel was delighted. Although Casey's plan was to spend a couple of weeks in Cape Breton, this turned out to be the beginning of a forty year association between Baldwin, the Bell family, and Baddeck.
Bell spent time showing the two young engineers his progress with kites and in particular his belief in the tetrahedral structure as having great promise since it was light and strong. Baldwin was offered a salary by Bell and they began work to construct a steel tetrahedral tower with the intention of demonstrating the strength of such structures. First a model was constructed and then an eighty foot steel tower was erected as proof of ease of construction and the integral strength of tetrahedral framed structures.
Baldwin worked with Bell through the fall of 1906 and stayed on through the winter and spring of 1907. He gathered information on flight from numerous sources to expand Bell's library of materials on the topic and the two built many models to test their theories of kite construction with the tetrahedral form.
In the spring of 1907 Douglas McCurdy returned from the University of Toronto, a graduate engineer. Now Bell had two fine, bright young assistants to work with.
In the summer of 1907 two additional visitors would arrive at the Bell summer homestead in Beinn Breagh. With the arrival of these two American visitors, the direction and energy level of their explorations in the science of flight would forever change.
Upon the formation of the Aerial Experiment Association, Casey Baldwin took on the duties of chief engineer of the Association.
Following the dissolution of the AEA, Baldwin remained in the employment of Dr. Bell to work with him on a number of projects.
In 1912 Casey Baldwin returned to St. Catharines, Ontario to marry Kathleen Stewart Parmenter. Alexander Graham Bell and Mabel Bell attended the wedding2.
Among the projects that Casey undertook with Bell following their work with flight was the very successful experimentation with hydrodromes (hydrofoils) which culminated in the construction of a hydrofoil boat, the HD-4, that set the world speed record of 70.86 miles per hour (114.04km/h). The HD-4 held the world's speed record until 1929.
Casey Baldwin was very close to both Alexander and Mabel Bell. He managed the Bell estate and various Bell enterprises for a period of time after his mentor's death. Baldwin went on to be elected to the Nova Scotia Legislature in 1933. He spent the remainder of his life in Nova Scotia.
John Alexander Douglas McCurdy was born in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. His father was the village postmaster until he became employed by Alexander Graham Bell as Bell's personal secretary. He had one brother.
Douglas became the preferred name by which McCurdy became known. After some education in the village school at Baddeck, Douglas was sent to St. Andrews School in Aurora, Ontario to complete his elementary and high school education. The Bell family assisted with paying for Douglas' private school education.
McCurdy enrolled in mechanical engineering at the University of Toronto and graduated with an engineering degree in 1906. While at university he became a good friend of Frederick Walker 'Casey' Baldwin. He encouraged Baldwin to visit Baddeck and see the work with large kites being carried out there by Dr. Bell.
Following graduation Douglas McCurdy returned to Baddeck to work with Dr. Bell. He became a member of the Aerial Experiment Association and acted as its treasurer for the duration of its existence.
After the AEA disbanded at the end of March 1909, McCurdy continues to work as a pilot and once again connected with Glenn H. Curtiss, one of his associates in the AEA. McCurdy worked as a demonstration pilot and flight instructor for the Curtiss Aviation Schools and travelled widely across the United States in that capacity.
In 1910 he was awarded the first Canadian pilot's license. He completed a long distance flight over water from Florida to Cuba in 1911 demonstrating the sturdiness and durability of Curtiss aircraft.
During the Second World War McCurdy served the Canadian government as Assistant Director General of Aircraft Production.
Later in life he returned to Nova Scotia and was appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia in 1947.
In 1959 he attended the 50th anniversary celebration of the flight of the Silver Dart at Baddeck and was a featured guest at the festivities. On that occasion, CBC Radio Canada interviewed McCurdy and asked him to describe his flight, as he recalled, it a half century after the event. McCurdy can be heard describing the event in this archival record at the CBC archives.
Glenn Hammond Curtiss was born in Hammondsport, New York, a small town at the southern end of Lake Keuka. His father died when he was only four years old so the role that his mother and grandmother played in his upbringing was very significant. He earned money at an early age working in the vineyards that supplied grapes for the wineries of Hammondsport.
Later Curtiss spent time tinkering with gadget and was always handy at figuring things out as well as repairing and building things. He became interested in the new safety bicycles that were coming into prominence in the late 1880's. He worked for a local pharmacist, Richard Smellie, who opened a small bicycle shop. Glenn kept the cycles in repair and gradually became known as an expert. In addition, he was a champion bicycle racer throughout New York state. Taking his interest in bicycles one step farther, Glenn opened a small bicycle shop of his own and eventually turned to designing and building his own improved models. He was so successful that he opened a second shop in the larger town of Bath NY a few miles south of Hammondsport.
Curtiss saw the potential for powering a bicycle with a small engine and set about to build his own using some castings for the cylinder walls that he ordered by mail. After much tinkering he got the engine to work and power one of his bicycles. This led him to designing his own engines, casting the parts and building motorcycles. His engines were reliable, light weight and produced good power. This combination of light weight and high power won him contracts from other bicycle manufacturers to produce engines for their plants.
The Curtiss Motorcycle Company led him to employ many local villagers. He gained a reputation as a hard working, inventive, and honest businessman.
One of his motorcycles found its way into the view of Capt. Thomas Baldwin of California, an early pioneer builder of the new semi-rigid balloons that were pioneering a form of air transport. In 1904, Baldwin ordered one of Curtiss' motorcycle engines for his balloon and began to rely on Curtiss for custom applications of the engine to drive his balloons by propeller. Baldwin eventually became so impressed with Curtiss and his manufacturing techniques that he moved his balloon factory to the village of Hammondsport to be close to Curtiss' plant.
Curtiss wrote to the Wright Brothers of Dayton, Ohio, to see if they might be interested in some of his engines for their work with their Wright Flyers. He even travelled to Dayton while on a longer business trip to see if he could secure some work from the Wrights. Although the meeting was cordial, the Wrights declined his offer and continued to build their own engines.
Curtiss raced his motorcycles in races and speed contests, just as he had earlier in his life when he was a bicycle racer. In 1903 he set the world land speed record of 103 kn/h (64 mph) over a distance of 1.6km (1 mile). In 1907 he set a world record of 136.36mph (219.31km/h) at Ormond Beach, Florida. Curtiss used a 40-hp V8 powered motorcycle of his own design and construction. For four years, until 1911, he was known as "The Fastest Man on Earth".
While exhibiting his motorcycles at the New York Automobile Show in 1906, Curtiss came into contact with Alexander Graham Bell who had been invited to exhibit his large tetrahedral kites that were gathering much attention in the press. Bell was looking for a light, powerful motor to lift his kites with a person on board. Bell came away muich impressed with Glenn Curtiss.
In the late summer of 1907 Curtiss was invited to Beinn Breagh, the summer estate of the Bell family in Baddeck, N.S. to see Bell's kites and discuss the potential of using engines to provide power for the kites. It was during this visit that he met Casey Baldwin and Douglas McCurdy who were already in Bell's employ, and Lt. Thomas E. Selfridge of the U.S. Army who was also visiting Bell to discuss aviation matters.
The four young men and Bell hit it off very well and spent days with the kites trying different things to learn more about their lift. The evenings were spent socializing with the Bell family in the large home and discussing matters of flight for long hours. Sensing the compatibility of these bright young men with one another and with Dr. Bell, Mabel Bell proposed that they should form an association to continue their experiments with flight and attempt to solve some of the many problems associated with powered, human controlled flying machines.
Curtiss accepted the idea and became Director of Experiments with the Aerial Experiment Association.
Following Curtiss' role in the Aerial Experiment Association, he formed an aviation company that become one of the principal forces in advancing the design and development of aircraft during the early years of aviation. His work with aircraft design that enabled planes to take off from and land on water made his company a leader in the production of seaplanes. His work with the United States armed forces helped to create the aircraft and conditions necessary for the modern aircraft carrier.
A short video documentary about Glenn Curtiss, developed by "For People Who Think.com" details some of the achievements of this important aeronautical pioneer.
Thomas Etholen Selfridge was born in San Francisco, California. He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, on the Hudson River in New York State from 1899-1903. Selfridge graduated in the top one-third of his class. While there he was a classmate of Douglas MacArthur who graduated first in the class of 1903.
Selfridge was commissioned as an officer in the United States Army Field Artillery and was assigned to the U.S. Signal Corps in Fort Myer , Virginia, not far from Washington D.C. Shortly after his arrival at the base he was assigned to the Aeronautical Division of the Signal Corps. Having developed an interest in aviation while at West Point, Selfridge had read all he could on the fledgling efforts of men to successfully build and pilot airplanes.
Following news of the successful flight of the Wright Brothers at Kill Devil Hill near Kitty Hawk, N.C. Selfridge made it a point tolearn as much as he could about their airplane and their flight.
The Army was looking at the military potential of manned aircraft and had purchased a dirigible, Army Dirigible Number One, in July 1908, from Thomas Scott Baldwin an American balloonist of some significant accomplishments. Baldwin was powering his dirigibles with motors developed by Glenn H. Curtiss of Hammondsport, NY. Baldwin was so impressed with Curtiss' engines that he moved his dirigible factory from California to Hammondsport in 1906.
Lt. Selfridge became one of three pilots trained to fly the Army Dirigible. He strongly believed in the potential for aviation as an effective modern tool for Army opeations. As a result, in 1907 Selfridge approached the Wright Brothers about being assigned as a volunteer to assist them in their work in furthering the development of their airplane design. The Wrights declined in a letter stating that they had no need for part time staff and that they were not adding any full-time people to their operation.
Being stationed near Washington, Selfridge had occasion to hear Alexander Graham Bell speak on aviation and his experiments with kites in an address to the Smithsonian Institution. He approached Bell and had a conversation with him that thoroughly impressed the scientist and made a lasting impression on him. Bell invited him to attend his summer home in Baddeck where he could witness the work that was being undertaken with large kites.
Selfridge made the trip to Beinn Breagh, the Bell home in Baddeck, in the late summer of 1907 at the same time that engine manufacturer Glenn H. Curtiss was invited to be there. Casey Baldwin and Douglas McCurdy were already there working with Bell on the kites when Selfridge and Curtiss arrived.
The four bright young men were all keenly interested in the huge kites of Bell and in the general potential of aviation at that time. There were many energetic conversations in the evenings after dinner in the grand house of the Bells. Mabel Bell, Dr. Bell's wife, noticed the synergy of the four young men who added energy and focus to Bell's work. This was something that she had hoped might occur at some point, and so she proposed forming an association to further explore and experiment with flight.
Selfridge assumed the duties of Secretary of the Aerial Experiment Association.
Selfidge and Curtiss returned to Baddeck in late November. Selfridge made his first flight on December 6, 1907. The flight was in Dr.Bell's huge tetrahedral kite, the Cygnet, made of 3,393 winged cells. Towed behind a steamer on Bras d'or Lake, the Cygnet with Selfridge aboard took flight to an altitude of 168 feet (51m).
Selfridge flew in the Cygnet for over seven minutes until the large kite started to drift down due to decreasing breze which could not be totally offset by the progress of the small steamer. The Cygnet sank into the water of the lake and before the tow rope could be cut, the kite was partially dragged under the water and Selfridge had to free himself from the device. He came to the surface in the frigid waters of the lake. He was quickly rescured and warmed up.
The flight of the Cygnet made Selfridge the first passenger on any heavier-than-air craft in Canada. Bell immediately wired the major newspapers and the story was given wide press publication due to the hunger of the public for news of progress in aviation and because of the fame of Bell.
When the AEA moved their work to Hammondsport NY in the winter of 1908 Selfirdge was given the task of leading the design and development of the first powered aerodrome of the AEA, the Red Wing.
The aircraft was ready for flight testing in early March of 1912. Instead of Selfridge taking the initial flights, it was actually piloted by Casey Baldwin. Selfridge had been called back to Washington to carry out some Army duties..
The work of the Wrights, the Aerial Experiment Association, Augustus Herring, and others are detailed in the final section of the paper. Much description is given to the first two aerodromes of the AEA (the Red Wing and the White Wing) in this part of the paper as well. Selfridge concludes by listing all the known flying machines that have been built in the world from 1903 to the date of publication in May 1908.
The paper shows the academic skill that Selfirdge had developed while earning his commission at the United States Military Academy at West Point. It is insightful and is very well written. This paper is important reading for historians to understand the depth of research and the understandings that were the foundation of the amazing work of the AEA from 1907-1909.
Selfridge was called back to Fort Myers VA to receive instruction in flying the Baldwin dirigible that had been purchased by the Army in July of 1908.
The Army was also looking into purchasing an airplane from the Wright brothers as well. To that end Army officials had decided to conduct tests opf a Wright machine at Fort Myers in September. Selfridge, with his experience in designing the Red Wing and assisting with the construction of the White Wing, was chosen to observe the tests.
On September 17, 1908 Selfridge was a passenger in a Wright Flyer piloted by Orville Wright. As was customary at the time, neither pilot nor passenger wore any safety headgear.
The Wright Flyer had completed four circuits of the Fort Myer test area and was half way through the fiifth circuit. Flying at 150 feet (46m) the right propeller on the twin engine pusher aircraft broke loose. The shattering propeller hit some guy wire bracing in the rear vertical rudder and the Flyer went into a nose-dive. Orville shut off the other engine and managed to glide to an elevation of about 75 feet (23m) before the airplane went into a final nose-dive and hit the ground. Both Selfridge and Wright were thrown about in the open aircraft upon its crash. Selfridge struck his head on a wooden upright in the framework and his skull was fractured. He was given immediate medical attention on the field. He was then moved to the military hospital at Fort Myers and given neurosurgery. However, he died later that evening without ever regaining consciousness.
Selfridge was 26 years old at the time of his death. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery with full military honors. Selfridge was the first passenger ever to die in an airplane accident.
Orville Wright was severely injured with several broken leg bones, broken ribs and a damaged hip that required seven weeks of hospital care.
The death of Selfridge cast a major pall over the members of the Aerial Experiment Association. After the funeral they held a meeting with Thomas Selfridge's father and by special motion of the group transferred Thomas' membership in the Association to his father. Although the gesture was only symbolic, it was an honor that the senior Selfridge greatly appreciated.
Mabel Bell in particular grieved at the loss of Thomas. She wrote a lengthy letter about her affection for Thomas Selfridge. The letter survives today. It is a tribute to Thomas' character, personality and his abilities as an aerial experimenter.
Mabel Gardiner Hubbard was born in Cambridge, Massachussets to a prominent lawyer Gardiner Greene Hubbard and his wife Gertrude Mercer McCurdy.
As a young child of age five she became ill with scarlet fever and lost her hearing. As a deaf child who previously had developed speech based on her hearing capabilities prior to her illness, her parents wanted to be able to maximize her ability. They sought out the best teachers available in the Boston area. The approach to teaching Mabel incorporated both sign language and lip reading. Efforts to maintain her ability to use her vocal chords and the speech sounds that she had developed in the first years of her life led the Hubbards to seek out the assistance of the best vocal coach in Boston, Alexander Graham Bell.
Although Mabel was not overly impressed with Bell at first, she began to take interest in him as a teacher and then became attached to him as a person. Although ten years her senior, Bell developed a deep personal interest in and affection for his student. Seeking her parents' permission, and waiting a suitable amount of time as prescribed by Mabel's parents, Bell proposed to Mabel in 1875. Following a year and a half engagement they were married on July 11, 1877.
Bell was always busy with his business and scientific enterprises. He had complete confidence in Mabel and she managed the family finances and all of the operation of their two homes in Washington and Baddeck, Nova Scotia.
Always an avid supporter of Alexander's work in a variety of fields, Mabel made efforts to encourage him and keep him focused when he worked on too many project areas at one time. Sensing his deep interest in flight, she urged him to take on some associates to help him to solve the mysteries of the principles of flight. Bell countered that when it was time, when he was confident enough in what he was learning from kites, he would seek some helpful colleagues.
During 1907 a group of young men began to gather around the Bells at Beinn Bhreagh, their summer estate in Baddeck. Casey Baldwin and Douglas McCurdy were joined by Glenn Curtiss and Lt. Thomas Selfridge in the late summer of 1907. Sensing the synergy of this group of dynamic and skilled young engineers, Mabel proposed a formal association of the younger men with Dr. Bell.
Putting up $20,000 of her own personal funds (equivalent $2,410,653.99 in 2009 dollars)4, Mabel underwrote the work of the group that took the name "Aerial Experiment Association". She wrote of her excitement at helping to start this venture in letters to her mother.
Later she would travel to Hammonsdsport NY to stay at the home of Glenn and Lena Curtiss while some of the work of the Association unfolded close to the facilities of the Curtiss Motorcycle Company factory.
However, it was not until the Silver Dart arrived in Baddeck on Dec. 15, 1908 that she actually saw one of the Association's airplanes. She was on the ice on Baddeck Bay on February 23, 1909 to witness the flight of the Silver Dart with Douglas McCurdy as pilot. She told her beloved Alec that the sight of the Silver Dart in the air made her fully understand what had driven the five members of the Association to work so hard on solving the problems required to build a successful flying machine.
Over all the years that Alexander worked on his many fields of experimentation, Mabel devoted her attention to her family and the management of their two homes in Washington and Baddeck. Two sons, Edward and Robert, died shortly after birth causing heartache for the Bell family. Two daughters were raised with much joy. Although Alexander was a loving father and devoted to the welfare of his two girls, Mabel was the one who concerned herself with the education and socialization into society of Elsie May Bell and Marian Hubbard Bell (Daisy).
Always interested in world affairs and fiercely independent, Mabel became an advocate for women's rights. She supported the women's suffrage movement and took part in a parade down Pennsylvania Avenue in support of the cause. Her interest in education led her to found the first Montessori school in Canada in 1912 and to open a school using the principles of Maria Montessori in Washington DC. She began a discussion group for the women of Baddeck which focused on news stories and issues of the day. That group continues to meet to this day in the town that the Bell's made their summer home.
Mabel only outlived her beloved Alec by five months. During some of that time she organized Dr. Bell's papers so that his record would live on for future generations. She became ill in the third month after Alec's passing and is buried beside him on the estate at Beinn Bhreagh, overlooking Bras d'or Lake and Baddeck.
Toward, Lilias M. Mabel Bell - Alexander's Silent Partner. Sydney, NS. Breton Books, 1996. p 175.
Selfridge, Thomas E. A Brief Sketch of the Progress of the Art of Aviation. Aerial Experiment Association, Baddeck NS, May 17, 1908. (Contained in the Bulletin of the Aerial Experiment Association. Bulletin No. II, Monday, July 20, 1908).
Using the "Measuring Worth of Old Money Calculator" the $20,000 dollars invested by Mabel Bell in the Aerial Experiment Association is calculated to be well over $2,400,000.00 U.S. dollars in 2009.
The Intrepid Mr. Curtiss. Stephen W. Sears in American Heritage Magazine, April 1975, Volume 26, Issue 3.
Man in Motion. Carrie Brown in Invention and Technology Magazine, Spring-Summer, 1991, Volume 7, Issue No. 1.


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// Copyright (c) 2013-2014 The Khronos Group Inc.
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Buddha Temple is a famous temple of Lord Buddha located in Dehradun of Uttarakhand state. Buddha Temple is a religious place of Tibetans, located in Clement Town, Dehradun. It is a Tibetan monastery and it is also famous as the Mandoling monastery. The Buddha Temple was constructed in 1965 by the famous "Cohen Rinpoche" and protect the religion of Buddhism and was by many other monks to promote culture. This popular temple is built in Japanese architecture style. The statue of Lord Buddha's 103 feet in this famous temple is very beautiful and the centre of attraction. The height of the Buddha Temple is 220 feet, which is a 5th-floor temple and the ornate decoration on three floors of the Buddha Temple is very beautiful. It is believed that the temple was painted by about 50 artists, who took three years to build such a structure of golden paint and this painting describes the life of Buddha. In the temple premises, rolling the iron's roller made in many places makes every wish complete. There are also many shops, restaurants and a bookshop on the temple premises. In the Buddha Temple, can enjoy a lot of things related to Tibetan culture such as books, his dress, food, architecture and objects made by handicraft etc.
Buddha Temple is located in Dehradun Clement Town on Delhi-Saharanpur Road, just 4 km from ISBT Dehradun.


text:
Zur Bundesratswahl 1966 am 14. Dezember 1966 kam es wegen des Rücktritts von Bundesrat Paul Chaudet (FDP). Dadurch wurde eine ausserordentliche Wahl durch die Vereinigte Bundesversammlung nötig. Offizieller Kandidat der FDP war Nello Celio. Dieser wurde mit klarer Mehrheit gewählt.

Detailergebnisse der Ersatzwahl für Paul Chaudet, FDP

Der 1. Wahlgang erbrachte bereits den von der FDP gewünschten Ausgang. Nello Celio wurde mit deutlicher Mehrheit zum Bundesrat gewählt; Nationalrat Georges-André Chevallaz aus dem Kanton Waadt und Nationalrat Gérard Glasson aus dem Kanton Freiburg (beide FDP) erhielten zahlreiche Stimmen. Celio war dann 1967 und 1968 Vorsteher des Militärdepartements und zwischen 1969 und 1979 Vorsteher des Finanz- und Zolldepartements.

Einzelnachweise

1966
Schweiz Bundesratswahl

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Sharapova Queen of Clay After Stuttgart?
On Sunday the Russian defeated fellow French Open title winner Li Na 6-4, 6-3 for the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix crown in Stuttgart, Germany.
Sharapova has now won 16 straight matches on clay, including Rome and Roland Garros last year. Li fell to 7-10 in career finals.
Some have accused Francesca Schiavone of phoning it in since her French Open championship in 2010, but the Italian showed she still has championship range on Sunday, defeating Lourdes Dominguez Lino 6-1, 6-3 in the final of the Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem in Marrakech, Morocco.
Dom�nguez Lino dropped to 2-1 in finals.
9 Comments for WTA Reviews: Sharapova Queen of Clay After Stuttgart?
I would still say Sharapova a cow on ice that is strong enough with clean enough groundies to hit thorugh the court and cause trouble to her opponents on clay.
Justine Henin is more appropriately the queen of clay.
Would say that Evert is the queen of clay, still. She has a clay-court winning streak that is 50% longer than Nadal's and has the seven RG titles, too.
Sharapova has a long way to go even to equal Henin, let alone Evert.
She has improved her movement on clay, though, quite a bit.
So you are correct–Evert's streak is slightly over 50% longer than Nadal's.
Henin had a great game on clay. I couldn't stand her. Ever since she retired in the middle of the final v. mauresmo I couldn't even watch her matches.
Whether Henin was lovable is subjective and, in any case, entirely independent of how good she was on clay. I didn't love her but I didn't dislike her, either.
Anyhow, Sharapova has a long way to go before rivaling Henin on clay, let alone Evert, perhaps the greatest slow-court player in women's tennis.
I certainly don't see anyone who could really challenge her at RG save for Serena, but there's always the chance of an upset.
Go on poke the lioness.


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Q: How to publish Blazor WebAssembly app without unwanted files? I want to publish my Blazor WebAssembly app using file system and CPanel, but unsure of the steps and the settings. I am using File System method

Which settings should I select here?

Also, I have published this and received these files

How di I publish without the .br and .gz file extensions?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Rivershed Profile: Erica Stahl—A bigger picture in shifting the focus to riversheds
Posted on March 13, 2019 by thegreengazette, In Sustainable Living Leadership Program6 minute read
By Lisa Bland –
Erica Stahl is a public interest environmental lawyer. She grew up in Vancouver and worked at the Canadian Environmental Law Association for two years after completing Law School in Toronto where she obtained a joint Master's degree in environmental studies and law. She now works for West Coast Environmental Law in Vancouver as the liaison lawyer for the company's legal aid services.
Erica Stahl in right foreground, 2018 SLLP participants, Sammy Penner (left), Vanessa Scott (right) and facilitators, Oliver Berger (middle) and Doug Radies (back). Photo: Brandi Wattam
Erica decided to combine her interest in the environment with law because she has always loved nature. "I grew up around the spectacular mountains, forest, and ocean living in Vancouver, and I decided to turn my passion into a job," she says. "I was involved in the environmental activist sector during my undergrad, and I decided to go to law school because I wanted to continue doing environmental activist work but with more job stability and the ability to effect a different kind of change."
Erica was drawn to the work the Rivershed Society of BC (RSBC) was doing throughout the Fraser River watershed and wanted to learn about and connect with the organization. "I think the work RSBC is doing is inspiring and so important." she says. "It's exactly where we need to be going—shifting and growing people's sense of community from the idea of cities and towns to their larger riversheds, which is a more logical sense of place."
Erica believes that more concrete actions are needed to protect the Fraser River watershed instead of a piecemeal or patchwork approach. "I think we need to be using strong, targeted, and measurable protections in specific riversheds," she explains. "If it's successful as a model, it could potentially be put into place more widely across the province and used as an inspiration for people in other jurisdictions as well."
Erica decided to apply to the RSBC's Sustainable Living Leadership Program (SLLP) to take her advocacy work into the field while learning about the Rivershed Society's work and the Fraser River Basin. "The key thing that drew me to the SLLP was the opportunity to get out from behind my desk, to be out on the water and connecting with the land and communities that I spend my time working to protect," she says. "It is important to me to build relationships with the river, the land, and the wonderful people in every community we visited along the Fraser. I feel that public interest lawyers need to be out with the people and places they serve."
SLLP group leadership discussions in the Fraser headwaters. Photo: Doug Radies
Erica's SLLP project is to create a legal education resource that acts as a guide to existing laws that protect surface water, ground water, and riversheds. "My plan is to put together resources on legal tools currently in place for freshwater and river protection in BC, with the goal of having these resources easily accessible to the public and also turning them into an education tool that will allow me to educate other lawyers," she explains. "These tools would be disseminated broadly and assist people who want to protect their water from the many threats this precious resource faces in BC. The information gathering stage will be really interesting, and there is a lot to learn. There are many levels of government to be aware of, including federal, provincial and Indigenous laws."
While on the journey, Erica spread the word about West Coast Environmental Law's free environmental legal aid services and learned about the important work that local environmental advocates were doing.
"One of the main things I took away from the journey was realizing the connections that communities along the river have to the river and to each other," she says. "I knew about many of the threats the rivershed faces, such as declining salmon, logging, and mining effects, but it's different to read about them than it is to see them, meet the people and be a part of those landscapes. My biggest takeaway from this trip is that you can't practice environmental law only from a desk in Vancouver—you have to get out of the concept and into the reality."
Erica steering the voyageur canoe on the last day of the journey from river to sea. Photo: Doug Radies
The SLLP journey helped Erica build relationships with the other participants, as well. "Being surrounded by such a great group of people who also care about the Fraser and these issues helped to keep me focused on my goals," she says. "Spending a month with such committed, passionate, fun people was definitely the best part. I think our group was pretty rad."
2018 SLLP participants in the Fraser River headwaters at Kinney Lake. Photo: Doug Radies
Another insight Erica had was that she could swim in the Fraser River. "Growing up in Vancouver, you don't think about the Fraser River as something you want to touch," she explains. "It's perceived as so dirty down here and it is—industrial contamination and pollution from human activity concentrates in the mouth of the Fraser, right where I grew up," she explains. "Up in the headwaters, the Fraser River water was an incredible glacier blue, and the awareness that it is the same river from the headwaters to the sea really made an impact on me."
Erica swimming in the Fraser River. Photo: Doug Radies
Other highlights along Erica's river journey included wildlife encounters. "Seeing a grizzly bear in the Fraser headwaters, watching a white sturgeon breach in front of the Voyageur canoe in Hope, BC, and seeing seals venturing upriver as far as Hope, chasing salmon, was incredible," she says. "The waterfall we visited near Hell's Gate was amazing too. I loved swimming there."
Erica swimming at a waterfall in the Fraser Canyon near Hell's Gate. Photo: Brandi Wattam
Erica frequently volunteered to set the pace paddling the Voyageur canoe or steering from the bow, and one of her challenging moments was guiding the raft down a stretch of rapids. "Steering the raft through the rapids was a little scary and challenging," she says. "But Shane Turnbull, the Fraser River Rafting Expedition leader, was there guiding me, and it turned out to be exhilarating," she says. "I tried to give the rudder back to him when we were nearing the bigger rapids, and everyone else yelled,'Go for it!' and he told me to go ahead. Even though it was a bit uncomfortable, I did it and it turned out to be amazing."
Trip leader, Shane Turnbull encouraging Erica as she steers through the rapids. Photo: Brandi Wattam
Erica says the biggest life-changing thing about the trip is feeling how happy she was out on the water with the group of people for that long. "I had never camped for that many days in a row and knowing that I can is great," she says. "It also made me realize that I can have more balance in my life. A trip like this is so big and transformative in so many ways, I can say for sure that it's given me a bigger community of people I care about and who also care about the river," she adds. "People and relationships are the driving forces in life."
Erica Stahl and RSBC Executive Director, Fin Donnelly in the Fraser Canyon. Photo: Doug Radies
She also believes the trip will inspire her to shift her focus to riversheds and the myriad of issues around protecting them. "From the mountain, all the way to the ocean, holds everything that I love," she says. "The rivershed concept is a really great organizing principle that allows you to focus while keeping the big picture in mind."
The 2018 27-day SLLP journey's end from river to sea, Vancouver, BC. Photo: Doug Radies
To read more about Erica's journey with the RSBC 2018 Sustainable Living Leadership Program, see her blog post at: https://www.wcel.org/blog/headwaters-sea.
Apply Today ~ Deadline to apply: April 30th
https://rivershed.com/get-involved/sustainable-living-leadership-program/about-the-sllp/
← Rivershed Profile: Brandi Wattam—Building the foundation for a dream
Rivershed Profile: Myka Kollmann—Reflections on a river journey to the sea →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home > Blog > HR & Development > Early Careers Framework: Statutory Induction for ECF Teachers
Early Careers Framework: Statutory Induction for ECF Teachers
Written by Nicki Harris
The Early Career Framework is a two-year support plan that supports new teachers in their professional development. Keep reading to find out more.
The Early Career Framework is a two-year support package that aims to support new teachers to continue their professional development. For the first two years of your teaching career, you will now have the support of a mentor to reach your greatest potential.
In this post, we will look at what the ECF is, and the changes that have taken place since this framework was introduced.
Introduction to the Early Careers Framework
The new Early Careers Framework took effect on 1 September 2021, providing a more comprehensive development and support programme for new teachers and extending the statutory induction period from one to two years. It also introduces us to yet another education acronym to get used to, ECT – Early Careers Teacher, which replaces NQT (Newly Qualified Teacher).
All ECTs in Maintained Schools must complete a statutory induction period. It is not a requirement in academies, but a teacher cannot move to a Maintained School without completing their Statutory Induction. Most academies support their teachers to complete Induction.
A 2-year Statutory Induction Period
New ECTs will now have to complete a two-year Statutory Induction Period rather than the past one year. The two-year period is full-time equivalent, so part-time staff will have to serve a longer period.
Any teacher who began their Statutory Induction before 1 September 2021 under current arrangements will have to complete their 3 terms by 1 September 2023 or undertake the new 2-year Induction (deducting any period of time already completed).
The induction period is automatically extended when an ECT's absences per year of induction (or equivalent for part-time teachers) total 30 days or more with the exception of statutory maternity leave, statutory paternity leave, shared parental leave, statutory adoption leave, or parental bereavement leave. In these circumstances, the ECT may decide whether their induction should be extended (or further extended) to reflect the number of days absent for this purpose.
Early Career Teacher Assessment
ECF teacher's assessment will continue to be solely against the Teaching Standards with the Early Careers Framework providing a structured programme of development, support and professional dialogue to ensure that the ECT can meet those standards. The framework itself is not an assessment tool.
Formal assessments will occur annually rather than termly, although interim reviews should occur each term.
As of now, an appropriate body must be appointed to provide support and independent quality assurance.
ECT Entitlements
In the first year (terms 1-3) of induction, an ECT must receive 10% off-timetable time, and in the second year (terms 4-6), they must receive 5% off-timetable time. This time off timetable should be used to enable ECTs to undertake activities in their induction programme specifically. This time is in addition to the entitlement to PPA time.
Schools must identify a person to act as the ECT's mentor. The mentor is expected to hold QTS and have the necessary skills and knowledge and release time to work successfully in this role. The role of the mentor is described in 5.7 of the Statutory Induction Guidance. The role of the mentor is distinct from the role of the Induction Tutor, whose role is to assess the ECT against the Teachers' Standards.
The DfE is providing funding for additional off-timetable time and mentor release.
HR GUIDANCE FOR YOUR SCHOOL
In our blog, our experts discuss HR topics from flexible working and interviews to contracts and professional development. Read more to discover what guidance our experts give.
EYFS Schools, HR Guidance, Infant Schools, Junior Schools, MATs, Primary Schools, Secondary Schools
Nicki Harris
Nicki joined the Education HR Team in 1989, following completion of her psychology degrees and has a Post-Graduate Certificate in Employment Law. Nicki co-manages the HR team with Colin Hooker and her main responsibilities are leadership of the support, business and development functions services. She manages the provision of model policies, procedures and guidance to customers, pay and conditions issues and the training offer. Nicki has worked with the Local Government Association over the years on various projects around pay, terms and conditions and is an Advisor to the National Employers Organisation for School Teachers (NEOST).
View all articles by Nicki Harris
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NextContracts: Getting It Right
HR and education in 2023
In this blog, we'll highlight three of the biggest HR-related trends that schools should be aware of in 2023, and what HR teams can do to resolve them, or at least mitigate the impact.


The call centre will take your information, and a utility operator will return your call within half an hour.
If you notice an issue with the sewer, please contact us through Fort Report. A City employee will be in contact within 48 hours.
Learn how to prevent sewer backups before they happen and protect the environment. Visit theclog.ca.
Don't pour fats, oils or grease down the drain. Instead, collect and dispose them into your green organics cart.
Avoid flushing wipes and other hygiene products; even products labelled as flushable can clog pipes.
Take unused medications to the pharmacy for disposal rather than flushing them down the toilet. Pharmaceuticals are not treated and end up in our water and environment.
Properly dispose of household hazard waste. Materials such as paints, glycol and motor oils are accepted at the Fort Saskatchewan Transfer Station year round.
Set aside pesticides, herbicides, solvents, and chemicals for the Toxic Round-Up collection event or take to an eco centre in the region.
Use your organics cart for vegetable peelings and food instead of a garborator. Ground organic materials cost more to treat and must be disposed of at the wastewater treatment plant.


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You don't need to make racial slurs to be racist
Faculty of Arts, Education and society, Politics and law, Christchurch terror attack, Human rights
Opinion: Shocking, but believable in diverse NZ where race relations have been neglected for years, writes Associate Professor Louise Humpage of the terror attack.
New Zealand is the fifth most ethnically diverse country in the world. Photo: Lynn Grieveson
We have all been shocked by Friday's terrorist attack on two mosques. Over and over again I have heard media commentators, politicians and everyday people saying they found it "unbelievable" this could happen in New Zealand.
Yet many scholars and political commentators have argued that such an event was not only believable but increasingly likely in New Zealand, since successive governments have failed to sufficiently address New Zealand's 'superdiversity': 25 percent of the population is now born overseas, making our home the fifth most ethnically diverse country in the world.
There has long been evidence that New Zealanders are not as 'friendly' and 'welcoming' as we like to believe. Not only are there a large number of continuing complaints of ethnic or racial discrimination to the Human Rights Commission every year, but research over three decades highlights the many discriminatory experiences migrants face when searching for work. You don't need to make explicit racial slurs to be racist: you simply do not short-list candidates with foreign-sounding names, you discount qualifications gained overseas and you desire something called 'New Zealand experience'.
My own research found that New Zealanders who have returned home after living several years overseas also experience a form of xenophobia (a fear or aversion towards foreigners and, more broadly, people, values, customs and beliefs differing from those of one's own culture). Many described how employers or recruiters employ the same discriminatory practices when assessing international qualifications and work experience that migrants face. They reported conversations about what they learned overseas (about different cultures, about themselves, about New Zealand national identity) is at best ignored and at worst shut down by friends and family. Ideas about how we might resolve some of New Zealand's enduring social problems are responded to with implied suggestions that you lose your right to complain when you leave the country.
You don't need to make explicit racial slurs to be racist: you simply do not short-list candidates with foreign-sounding names, you discount qualifications gained overseas and you desire something called 'New Zealand experience'.
If we are afraid of the different ideas and experiences that New Zealanders who return bring with them, what chance do migrants – especially those who are visibly different – have of ever feeling welcome in this country?
There are, however, ways to challenge such views, which can – over time and given the right circumstances – lead to attacks such as Friday's.
We should make it compulsory for every child to learn a second language, because this inevitably leads to understanding a new culture.
We should also ensure every young person, at secondary school or university, has an opportunity to go on cultural exchange, providing an opportunity to know what it feels like to not be able to express yourself fully and to have your everyday norms challenged.
Funding will be needed because not every parent can afford international airfares – although leaving the country is not necessary to gain this experience: mosques, synagogues and cultural organisations could provide short-term stays similar to marae visits to open eyes to different ways of living. Similarly, there are many migrant organisations already providing cultural awareness and cross-cultural communication programmes that, if funded appropriately, could immediately start visiting clubs, sporting organisations, churches and other organisations where adult New Zealanders congregate to provide spaces for communication and dialogue about not only differences but what we share.
Employers also need targeting for such cross-cultural training so that they view migrants (and New Zealanders returning from overseas) as a resource rather than a deficit. New Zealanders returned from overseas and settled migrants could help could mentor new migrants since they know the difficulties of integrating and may bring some appropriate cultural knowledge to the relationship. And new ways of monitoring employment practices are needed to ensure that 'New Zealand experience' or other subtle exclusionary tactics that are unrelated to the actual requirements of the job are stubbed out.
All of these suggestions must be part of an explicit ethnic relations policy that focuses not just on better support for migrants to integrate into New Zealand (although that is needed) but that also targets those already living here. In particular, those of us from a European/Pākehā background need to be encouraged to think about the privileges we gain from living in a country where our culture and language are the 'norm'.
Often we fail to acknowledge that our lives are easier to live because, for example, all of the signs, services and media we engage with happen to be in the only language we speak. But it is hard to forget your own privilege as a white person when there are reports that Friday's gunman met a European/Pākehā man on the street, looked into his eyes, then ignored him and turned to shoot Muslim mosque-goers.
This means it is our job to call out racism and ethnic slurs when we hear them (as a former solider reportedly did regarding Bruce Rifle Club) and for the police, schools, employers and others to take these reports seriously. Some might call this 'PC madness' but it is the only way to ensure that we become the welcoming, friendly society that so many people believe New Zealand to be.
Dr Louise Humpage is an Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Auckland. She specialises in research into Immigration, and refugee policy and settlement. This article reflects the opinion of the author and not necessarily the views of the University of Auckland.
Used with permission from Newsroom You don't need to make racial slurs to be racist published on 21 March 2019.


A few months ago I virtually met the artist who created this gorgeous wall hanging. Justine actually won a giveaway awhile back, and over our emails she shared her touching story with me. She's a mother, artist and recently dealt with an untimely loss. While life hasn't been perfect, you can see the love and passion she pours into her work. She graciously sent me one of her stunning pieces and I've loved looking at it every day.
The toughest part has been finding the perfect spot for it. It's been living on this wall, hanging from another photograph and I actually love the layered look. It makes our little apartment feel cozier and more lived in than it did a month ago.
Since then, I've been keeping up with Justine via Etsy and Instagram and continue to be amazed at her gorgeous work — how cool are the pillows? I absolutely love her use of color, shape, texture and composition. Her pieces are intriguing and so peaceful. You can easily add warmth and softness to a modern gallery wall with a Justine Moody wall hanging and you probably should because they're simply so cool. They provide an unexpected and interesting mood to any wall. Be sure to check out this amazing woman's incredible work over this weekend!


Based on extensive research, Grammar and Beyond ensures that students study accurate information about grammar and apply it in their own speech and writing. This is the second half of Workbook, Level 1. In the Workbook, learners gain additional practice in the grammar from the Student's Book, including practice correcting common learner errors.


How to get rid of oil from my hair due to oily scalp without washing it?
I have super oily skin and scalp so I need to wash my hair every 2 days to keep it oil free. If I have no time to wash my hair then I rub my hair with tissue papers. This pulls out some oil from it. I often use this technique when I am at work as tissue is the only resource I can find. Baby powder also helps in extracting some oil from your hair, making it look much normal than before! But be careful to use excess powder, else you may end up with white hair and people may also confuse it with dandruff.


Confident Kids Celebration! Summer Lemonade Stand!
Children with Selective Mutism may be impacted in many situations due to their anxiety about communication; one of the most challenging things for parents is to see their child struggle to participate in holiday traditions that should be fun and exciting, such as going trick-or-treating or interacting with Santa Claus. Confident Kids Celebrations will include a series of events intended to provide children with SM the opportunity to verbally participate in various traditional holiday and seasonal celebrations, potentially for the very first time. Each Celebrations event will also include a group lesson, affording children with SM the opportunity to also practice being brave by speaking with new, similarly-aged children, speaking in front of a small group, and playing verbal games in groups.
Ask a Therapist Series: Childhood ADHD: 5 Strategies to Make Your Life Easier, by Heather Schmitt, Ph.D.


Great up-dated home on corner lot, ready to move in. This house has new kitchen, new bathrooms, new 2 Car Garage, carpet, paint, tile and more. This is the one you've been looking for; don't let it get away! Not far from Victory Park w/EZ access to I-5.


Yep! Yep! It was a blast!
that I needed in fuel to jam all night.
Friends accompanied me – we hung real tight.
The Decadence NEW YEARS EVE Party in A-Z did not disappoint.
As a young aristocrat who did hit that — It was tha' joint!
2018 came in erect and quite on point.
I prayed at the close of 2017 and God did anoint.
though an open mind and heart will assist in all that cures.
And that, my friend, is a DECADENT outlook!!


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https://www.fairplanet.org/editors-pick/pakistan's-denial-of-devastating-women-safety-record/
31.Mar
Pakistan's denial of devastating women safety record
Shadi Khan Saif, Kabul
Yet another gruesome act of sexual abuse against a woman in Pakistan has taken place this month (by none other than her husband) has exposed the ugly side of a society ranked among the five worst countries for women's rights and safety in the world.
Unable to make headlines in the local media – which is too occupied in covering the political wrangling – the incident of a married woman being physically and mentally tortured by her husband and his friends took place in the country's second biggest city of Lahore.
In a viral social media video, the victim Asma Aziz, tells the world how her husband took her clothes off in front of his employees, shaved her hair off and burned it. She said she was bound by a pipe and hung from the fan. As per her case, the suffering did not end here, as the police asked for bribe instead of providing her with support and conducting a medical examination.
Important to remember is that this is not an isolated rare incident in a country of some 200 million. In fact, this incident is mirrored by identical reports emerging from all rural corners of the nation, and even major cities that are perceived to be safe and sound for women and girls. According to data collected in 2016, 26.8 percent of Pakistani women said they have experienced intimate partner violence.
Only a few months have passed since the rape and murder of the seven-year-old Zainab Ansari in Pakistan – a story that broke so many hearts and wounded many more souls. But, identical acts of apparently forced sex followed by sadism and masochism indicate the country is battling an acute problem of sexual assault against its women, which needs soul-searching and urgent and lasting solutions.
Put in the context of a robust march by women in Pakistan, dubbed as the 'Aurat March' for their rights and liberties on the International Women's Day, these incidents reveal a larger picture of the current state of women's rights in the country.
However, such robust protests and calls for women safety, or even simple criticism in this regard, is often blurred with an unwarranted barrage of chauvinism – as if this is only meant to defame the country.
The denial of the problem means there can be no headway towards at least trying to address it.
To support this cause follow the link
more picks from our editors
The ethno-nationalist project at the heart of Brexit
Gurmeet Singh, Berlin
Brexit is white, British, elite project in all but name. It will reveal itself for what it is in time.
Read / Listen
U.S. Supreme Court: Gov't may detain immigrants indefinitely
Yair Oded, New York City
In a blow to immigrant rights, the U.S. Supreme Court authorises the government to indefinitely detain immigrants without access to bond hearings.
Our collective duty in addressing the global water crisis
Bob Koigi, Nairobi
Despite the commitment by global leaders to ensure safe and clean water for world population by 2030, little has been done to actualise this resolve.
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Dawn Song, a Berkeley computer-science professor, is the founder of Oasis Labs, a start-up which aims to overcome some of the privacy problems faced by companies with the help of blockchains. Oasis Labs has already tested some of its ideas by helping install a new privacy safeguard platform at Uber.
In particular, the start-up helped build and deploy an open source tool that limits how much Uber employees can learn about individual customers by analyzing rider data. This tool is based on a technique called differential privacy, which is specifically designed to protect individuals' identity. In this way, when employees query a database to summarize recent rides in a particular area, algorithms assess the risk that the request will leak information about individuals, and immediately add "random noise" into the data to completely avoid that risk.


What is a venture philanthropist? According to the European Venture Philanthropy Association (EVPA), venture philanthropists provide financial and non-financial support to help social purpose organizations increase their societal impact. Aside from financial support, and with it high donor engagement and tailored multi-year financing, venture philanthropy involves other support including networking opportunities, capacity building, and performance measurement.
The EVPA website indicates that this industry, still in its early stages has committed investments exceeding 1 billion euros. Venture philanthropy ranges from not-for-profit, pure grant-making, up to impact first investments which also make financial returns.


Penn State Altoona softball has called Stewart Athletic Field home since 2002. The facility includes a scoreboard and a pressbox for game day operations. There are also dugouts, storage sheds, and a bullpen area, which is located behind the first base dugout.
Located near the Adler Athletic Complex, Port Sky Cafe, and many of the campus' dormitories, the softball field is in an ideal location on campus for spectators to view home games. Bleacher seating is available down the first base and third base lines, as well as in the outfield.


text:
/**
 *
 *

 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *

 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *

 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.myreader.ui.presenter;

import android.content.Context;

import com.myreader.api.BookApi;
import com.myreader.base.RxPresenter;
import com.myreader.entity.BookMixAToc;
import com.myreader.entity.ChapterRead;
import com.myreader.ui.contract.BookReadContract;
import com.myreader.util.LogUtils;
import com.myreader.util.RxUtil;
import com.myreader.util.StringUtils;

import java.util.List;

import javax.inject.Inject;

import rx.Observable;
import rx.Observer;
import rx.Subscription;
import rx.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers;
import rx.functions.Func1;
import rx.schedulers.Schedulers;

/**
 * @author lfh.
 * @date 2016/8/7.
 */
public class BookReadPresenter extends RxPresenter<BookReadContract.View>
        implements BookReadContract.Presenter<BookReadContract.View> {

    private Context mContext;
    private BookApi bookApi;

    @Inject
    public BookReadPresenter(Context mContext, BookApi bookApi) {
        this.mContext = mContext;
        this.bookApi = bookApi;
    }

    @Override
    public void getBookMixAToc(final String bookId, String viewChapters) {
        String key = StringUtils.creatAcacheKey("book-toc", bookId, viewChapters);
        Observable<BookMixAToc.mixToc> fromNetWork = bookApi.getBookMixAToc(bookId, viewChapters)
                .map(new Func1<BookMixAToc, BookMixAToc.mixToc>() {
                    @Override
                    public BookMixAToc.mixToc call(BookMixAToc data) {
                        return data.mixToc;
                    }
                })
                .compose(RxUtil.<BookMixAToc.mixToc>rxCacheListHelper(key));

        //依次检查disk、network
        Subscription rxSubscription = Observable
                .concat(RxUtil.rxCreateDiskObservable(key, BookMixAToc.mixToc.class), fromNetWork)
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(new Observer<BookMixAToc.mixToc>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onNext(BookMixAToc.mixToc data) {
                        List<BookMixAToc.mixToc.Chapters> list = data.chapters;
                        if (list != null && !list.isEmpty() && mView != null) {
                            mView.showBookToc(list);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onCompleted() {
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onError(Throwable e) {
                        LogUtils.e("onError: " + e);
                        mView.netError(0);
                    }
                });
        addSubscrebe(rxSubscription);
    }

    @Override
    public void getChapterRead(String url, final int chapter) {
        Subscription rxSubscription = bookApi.getChapterRead(url).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(new Observer<ChapterRead>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onNext(ChapterRead data) {
                        if (data.chapter != null && mView != null) {
                            mView.showChapterRead(data.chapter, chapter);
                        } else {
                            mView.netError(chapter);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onCompleted() {
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onError(Throwable e) {
                        LogUtils.e("onError: " + e);
                        mView.netError(chapter);
                    }
                });
        addSubscrebe(rxSubscription);
    }
}


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Storey (formerly, Madera Station) is an unincorporated community in Madera County, California, United States. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad (ATSF)  east-northeast of Madera, at an elevation of  It is also about  southeast of the Fresno River.

The area was named after William Benson Storey, the former president of the ATSF. The former Storey Train Station (used by ATSF, and subsequently by Amtrak), was located in Storey, but Amtrak always referred to the station as Madera. The station was permanently closed after Amtrak moved its service to the new Madera station in November 2010. Within a few years thereafter, the station's side platform uncovered the waiting area, and parking lot were entirely removed, leaving little evidence of the former station.

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Madera County, California


Amy Monagan, EHRtv correspondent interviews Henry Wang, MD, of Wang Medical.
Amy Monagan: This is Amy Monagan with EHRtv. We're at HIMSS 2012 in Las Vegas. Today, I am with Dr. Henry Wang. Dr. Wang, thank you for taking the time to be with us today.
Dr. Henry Wang: Thank you for having me here.
Amy Monagan: Now, I understand that you went live using your EHR software back in March.
Amy Monagan: Can you tell us a little bit about your selection process and what you encountered with that and just kind of how you went through of vetting out the different softwares?
Amy Monagan: So it's my understanding that you chose to go with the InSync product by Intivia, yes?
Amy Monagan: Dr. Wang, can you tell me a little bit about your implementation and how that transition worked out for you?
Dr. Henry Wang: Yes. I had been previously using another software before and I understand the implementation is very important to have the workflow set up. That means you have to figure out who is going to collect what type of data, who's going to collect the, the patient demographic, the patient's vital sign, patient's review system, for example.
Amy Monagan: Can you tell me a little bit about how selecting Intivia and implementing the InSync product, how it has changed your office?
Dr. Henry Wang: Yes. As I mentioned before, I have been already using electronic medical records so I know the importance of having electronic records can be for my practice. And it would make your practice more efficient especially for your follow-up patient because most of the data is on a chart already. You just have to do some minor adjustment corrections. So it really makes seeing patient a lot faster, again, especially follow-up patients. And then as far as billing goes, it's a comprehensive software.
Amy Monagan: It sounds like it's improved your efficiencies quite a bit.
Dr. Henry Wang: It definitely does, yes.
Amy Monagan: Okay. Let me ask you one more question. Do you have any advice for a physician who is looking for an EMR?
Dr. Henry Wang: My best advice is to ask around who has been using the system and go there and see the workflow, and then test out yourself. I mean if you don't try it out, you don't know whether it's the right system for you.
Amy Monagan: Okay. Very good. Well Dr. Wang, thank you so much for being with us today. This is Amy Monagan with EHRtv at HIMSS 2012.


KCC offers many options to earn college credit while enrolled in high school. Check out the time-and money-saving opportunities below!
Dual credit opportunities are available at several local high schools. Dual credit allows high school students to earn both high school and college credit simultaneously. Credit awarded toward high school graduation is at the discretion of the student's high school. Contact your guidance counselor about how to earn dual credit.
Students 16 years of age and older can enroll in regularly scheduled college credit division classes at KCC while still enrolled in high school.
Through this program, students earn college credit before graduating from high school.
To get started, complete KCC's online application. Dual enrollment students must meet the same requirements as all other students in the class.
The Early College Program allows students from area high schools to earn both their high school diploma and work toward a college degree by attending KCC full-time during their senior year of high school. Ask your high school if it participates in KCC's Early College Program. Selection of program participants is made by each individual high school. Click here for more information.
KCC tuition is affordable, and that means education is available for thousands of students. KCC costs about one-fourth the average cost of tuition and fees at Illinois public universities and one-tenth the cost of private universities.
Every college class completed during high school will trim the length of time it will take you to earn a college degree after high school graduation.
Attending college while still in high school gives you a chance to become accustomed to the demands of college-level courses.
Completing just 12 college semester hours before your freshman year of college allows you to take fewer courses each semester once you enroll full-time in college and still graduate in four years. A lighter course load will make it easier to maintain a high GPA in college.
Sometimes it is necessary to drop a course in college. If you complete some courses at KCC, it will help you maintain your class standing as a freshman, sophomore, junior or senior even if you must drop a course. It also may help you avoid summer courses in college, despite a rough semester.


Get answers to our most commonly asked questions about ELEVATE. We recommend checking this guide before contacting us, as it might help clarify any confusion.
ELEVATE is a nationwide initiative to create welcoming, gender-affirming healthcare environments for transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) patients. By improving the cultural competencies of healthcare professionals and personnel involved in primary care and in HIV care, the ultimate goal of ELEVATE is to improve linkage to and retention in HIV care for TGNC patients.
A series of live, CME-certified dinner meetings for HIV specialists and infectious disease specialists.
A series of live, CME-certified activities for primary care physicians, held in conjunction with state and regional Academy of Family Physicians (AFP) chapters' meetings.
An on-demand, gender-affirmation–training webinar training geared to healthcare professionals as well as practice personnel/staff.
The 3-step ELEVATE Certificate Program for individuals as well as entire practices.
Individuals who complete the 3-step program will receive individual certificates denoting their professional development in cultural competency.
Practices that complete the 3-step certificate program will receive complete practice certificates - suitable for framing and display - that will raise the visibility of the practices for patients seeking a TGNC-inclusive environment.
Additional gender-affirming resources and training materials for healthcare professionals and personnel.
"TGNC" is an abbreviation for "transgender and gender-nonconforming". You can learn more terms and abbreviations related to transgender health and gender-affirmation healthcare by accessing the Glossary section of The Toolkit for Gender-Affirmation Healthcare.
How do I register for a dinner meeting?
You can register for a dinner meeting directly through the ELEVATE website. A list of dinner meetings in the ELEVATE series can be found here. Once you have chosen the dinner meeting that you wish to attend, click "Register" for that meeting and you will be brought to a page with more details and the ability to register for that specific dinner meeting.
How do I register for an AFP chapter meeting?
Registration for the Academy of Family Physicians (AFP) chapter meetings are conducted by the individual chapters. A list of the AFP chapter meetings that will be presenting an ELEVATE program can be found here. Please contact the AFP chapter directly for more details on how to register.
Why does the webinar have no sound?
Check the audio controls in the lower left corner of the video player.
Check the volume on your device.
Check the audio cables for your speakers or headphones to make sure that they are plugged in and functioning properly.
What do I do if the webinar playback is slow, is choppy, or shows an error message?
The online training webinar is hosted on our YouTube channel. Ensure that you have access to YouTube on your network. Some hospitals, schools, or public computer labs may block or limit access to YouTube.
Playback on videos can be affected by high Internet traffic in your local area. Check the YouTube Quality Report to learn about the best time to view videos in your local area.
If you think that the web browser may be the cause of your playback issues, try emptying your cached images and files, restarting your web browser, updating your web browser, or using an alternate browser.
Can I get CE/CME credit for the ELEVATE certificate program?
All dinner meetings in the ELEVATE live meeting series are certified for 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM. All AFP chapter activities in the ELEVATE live meeting series are certified for 1.0 hour American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) Prescribed credit. The online training webinar is nonaccredited.
Will the certificate be in my name or in the name of my practice/clinic?
Individuals who complete the ELEVATE certificate program will receive individual certificates denoting their professional development in cultural competency. Practices completing the certificate program will also receive a complete practice certificate - suitable for framing and display - that will raise the visibility of the practice for patients seeking a TGNC-inclusive environment.
How do I get my certificate of completion of the program?
All certificates - individual certificates and complete practice certificates - will be mailed to one address; the Annenberg Center will ask for the mailing address to send all certificates at the end of the telephone interview.
Does this program/certificate need to be renewed? How long is it good for?
The certificate is intended to show that the individuals and practice participated in the ELEVATE gender-affirmation healthcare training. It does not need to be renewed, as it does not expire.
Where can I find more information about transgender and gender-nonconforming patients?
We have developed The Toolkit for Gender-affirmation Healthcare, which includes additional resources for healthcare professionals and patients. The toolkit is an online resource that can be found here.
Who do I contact with questions about this program?
Please visit the Contact Us page to contact the Annenberg Center directly with questions related to any aspect of the ELEVATE program.


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NYPD shooting arrest rate barely tops 20 percent as gunplay surges | #coronavirus | #scams | #covid19
The city is gripped by a gun-violence epidemic, but only about 20 percent of shootings have ended with an arrest, according to a Post analysis of NYPD data through late August.
Of the approximately 1,000 cases of gunplay tallied, about 210 have seen at least one suspect arrested, with the rest remaining open as of late last month, according to data The Post obtained from the city's five district attorneys when the NYPD repeatedly refused to provide it themselves.
Historically, the NYPD's so-called shooting clearance rate has hovered around 30 to 33 percent, department officials have said.
A shooting is considered "cleared" when cops make at least one arrest.
Brooklyn has seen both the most shootings — around 440 as of Aug. 23 — and the fewest resulting arrests, with around 70 busts, good for a roughly 15-percent clearance rate, the data shows.
Staten Island cops have cleared approximately half of the borough's shootings, though that incident count was only around 30 as of Aug. 30, according to figures from Richmond County prosecutors.
Of the other three boroughs, each of which had more substantial sample sizes, Manhattan fared the best, with about a 26-percent clearance rate on its more than 130 shootings as of Aug. 23.
The Bronx had a roughly 23-percent clearance rate on its approximately 250 shootings, nearly even with Queens' 22-percent clearance rate on about 145 shootings, as of Aug. 30 and Aug. 23, respectively.
As gunplay has exploded across New York this year to levels not seen in decades, city and NYPD officials have alternately blamed prisoner releases due to state bail-reform and the coronavirus, the pandemic-forced closure of many courts and increased scrutiny on how cops do their jobs amid a wave of anti-police sentiment.
While Post investigations have debunked the first two explanations, Maria Haberfeld, a police science professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, said that the third cannot be discounted.
"We cannot be ignorant of the fact that police are under a microscope," she said. "[It] does not encourage the average officer to out of his her way clear the cases, because even when they do there are accusations of misconduct."
Haberfeld noted that, nationally, a clearance rate around 40 percent is considered "very high and good.
"Clearance rates are low to begin with," she said. "It's not like the movies.
"I'm not saying it shouldn't be higher," Haberfeld continued. But "right now, I think there is a fear to arrest because there is a fear of almost secondary victimization.
"No matter what they do, it's not going to be good for them or the department, [and it] impacts the way they do their job."
In addition to those factors, the NYPD in July saw its budget significantly reduced due to the twin pressures of the coronavirus fiscal crunch and outcry over high-profile issues of police misconduct nationally.
In June, Commissioner Dermot Shea also disbanded the department's gun-hunting plainclothes anti-crime unit, citing a number of operations that went south to troubling result.
"The NYPD's commitment to gun suppression is undaunted even amid a perfect storm of unprecedented challenges," said department spokeswoman Sgt. Jessica McRorie, noting that firearms busts are up in 2020 as compared to four of the past eight years.
McRorie went on to list a number of the issues with which the NYPD has been contending.
"Headcount is down, enduring attrition, the July recruit class was canceled, overtime has been significantly limited, and resources are strained from the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, the continuing protests and the sustained increases in shootings that keep teams of officers tied to the scenes of violence for prolonged periods," she said.
"Through it all, the men and women of the NYPD always answer the call — and will continue to do so — because they never give up."


Summer In Hampstead is so unbelievably beautiful. As I am walking down my road all the flowers are blossoming and it feels as though summer has just exploded upon us.
I never used to like the summer, I was always a winter girl, but as I have got older I have yearned for warm weather, longer evenings and flowering surroundings.
Hampstead is home to artists, writers, The Hampstead Theatre, The Hampstead School of Art, The Freud Museum and Keats House which helps to make it a beautifully creative place to live and every year combined they run The Hampstead Summer Festival.
Today there was the Art Fair, which took place at the top of the Heath behind White Stone Pond. The Art fair is held in collaboration with The Hampstead School of Art. There is an art exhibition tent for recent graduated from the school, craft stalls, artists stalls and lots of art activities. There was also food and live music, a really beautiful summer fair.
My friend Nina was exhibiting her beautiful illustrated gifts, and there was a fabulous crowd of Hampstead local, days like today remind me so much of just why I love living here.


You are here: Home > Harmony at Home, Phase 3: 8 of 18 Sessions: Family China Settled!
Harmony at Home, Phase 3: 8 of 18 Sessions: Family China Settled!
It was truly joyful to make some final (for now) decisions about the family dining and tea service sets I would keep (to use on occasion) in my dining room… just in time for All Hollow's Triduum – Halloween, All Saints and All Souls days.
Last Tuesday and Thursday we moved my mother's (full), and maternal and paternal grandmothers' (partial) dining service sets into the dining room cabinet. I decided I would use my Grandma Mac's dishes for Day of the Dead (All Hallow's Triduum) celebrations with family and friends, as well as Thanksgiving dinner (as was the custom in my childhood to spend Thanksgiving weekend with her and my parents). My mother and Grandma Fraser's dining dishes will be used for Christmas and Easter dinners. Glassware from my mother-in-law will be incorporated into use as needed.
I kept one full tea service set ("Memory Lane," my maternal grandmother's forget-me-not pattern), just to be prepared for the Mad Hatter, March Hare, and other unexpected guests.


text:
About SMOS+ SOS
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10 December 2013 Upcoming meetings on surface salinity science
There are a number of meetings in 2014 that will be of interst to SMOS+SOS stakeholders:
23 - 28 February 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Hawaii Convention Center in Honolulu (www.sgmeet.com/osm2014/sessionschedule.asp?SessionID=073)
Co-sponsored by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO), The Oceanography Society (TOS), and the American Geophysical Union (AGU).
27 April - 2 May 2014 European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014, Vienna (meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/session/15292)
Session on Sea surface salinity variability: in situ and satellite observations.
26 - 28 November 2014 SMOS+SOS Workshop, Exeter, UK
Watch the SMOS+SOS webpage for further details of this workshop to be hosted by the UK Met Office.
meetings SSS salinity meeting sea surface salinity science AGU EGU
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text:
Stuart Rankin By: Stuart Rankin
Center of the Milky Way Galaxy
Edited Chandra Space Telescope visualization of the center of the Milky Way Galaxy (our galaxy), with lots of stars and gas and energetic processes.
Image source: chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2018/gcenter360/
Original caption: A new visualization provides an exceptional virtual trip — complete with a 360-degree view — to the center of our home galaxy, the Milky Way. This project, made using data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes, allows viewers to control their own exploration of the fascinating environment of volatile massive stars and powerful gravity around the monster black hole that lies in the center of the Milky Way.
The Earth is located about 26,000 light years, or about 150,000 trillion miles, from the center of the Galaxy. While humans cannot physically travel there, scientists have been able to study this region by using data from powerful telescopes that can detect light in a variety of forms, including X-ray and infrared light.
This visualization builds on infrared data with the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope of 30 massive stellar giants called Wolf-Rayet stars that orbit within about 1.5 light years of the center of our Galaxy. Powerful winds of gas streaming from the surface of these stars are carrying some of their outer layers into interstellar space.
When the outflowing gas collides with previously ejected gas from other stars, the collisions produce shock waves, similar to sonic booms, which permeate the area. These shock waves heat the gas to millions of degrees, which causes it to glow in X-rays. Extensive observations with Chandra of the central regions of the Milky Way have provided critical data about the temperature and distribution of this multimillion-degree gas.
Astronomers are interested in better understanding what role these Wolf-Rayet stars play in the cosmic neighborhood at the Milky Way's center. In particular, they would like to know how the stars interact with the Galactic center's most dominant resident: the supermassive black hole known as Sagittarius A* (abbreviated Sgr A*). Pre-eminent yet invisible, Sgr A* has the mass equivalent to some four million Suns.
The Galactic Center visualization is a 360-degree movie that immerses the viewer into a simulation of the center of our Galaxy. The viewer is at the location of Sgr A* and is able to see about 25 Wolf-Rayet stars (white, twinkling objects) orbiting Sgr A* as they continuously eject stellar winds (black to red to yellow color scale). These winds collide with each other, and then some of this material (yellow blobs) spirals towards Sgr A*. The movie shows two simulations, each of which start around 350 years in the past and span 500 years. The first simulation shows Sgr A* in a calm state, while the second contains a more violent Sgr A* that is expelling its own material, thereby turning off the accretion of clumped material (yellow blobs) that is so prominent in the first portion.
Scientists have used the visualization to examine the effects Sgr A* has on its stellar neighbors. As the strong gravity of Sgr A* pulls clumps of material inwards, tidal forces stretch the clumps as they get closer to the black hole. Sgr A* also impacts its surroundings through occasional outbursts from its vicinity that result in the expulsion of material away from the giant black hole, as shown in the later part of the movie. These outbursts can have the effect of clearing away some of the gas produced by the Wolf-Rayet winds.
The researchers, led by Christopher Russell of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, used the visualization to understand the presence of previously detected X-rays in the shape of a disk that extend about 0.6 light years outward from Sgr A*. Their work shows that the amount of X-rays generated by these colliding winds depends on the strength of outbursts powered by Sgr A*, and also the amount of time that has elapsed since an eruption occurred. Stronger and more recent outbursts result in weaker X-ray emission.
The information provided by the theoretical modeling and a comparison with the strength of X-ray emission observed with Chandra led Russell and his colleagues to determine that Sgr A* most likely had a relatively powerful outburst that started within the last few centuries. Moreover, their findings suggest the outburst from the supermassive black hole is still affecting the region around Sgr A* even though it ended about one hundred years ago.
The 360-degree video of the Galactic Center is ideally viewed in virtual reality (VR) goggles, such as Samsung Gear VR or Google Cardboard. The video can also be viewed on smartphones using the YouTube app. Moving the phone around pans to show a different portion of the movie, mimicking the effect in the VR goggles. Finally, most browsers on a computer also allow 360-degree videos to be shown on YouTube. To look around, either click and drag the video, or click the direction pad in the corner.
Christopher Russell presented this new visualization and the related scientific findings at the 231st meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Washington, DC. Some of the results are based on a paper by Russell et al published in 2017 in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. An online version is here. The co-authors of this paper are Daniel Wang from University of Massachusetts in Amherst, Mass. and Jorge Cuadra from Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, controls Chandra's science and flight operations.
Uploaded on January 11, 2018