text:
Million-dollar ministry: How Cleveland evangelist Perry Stone built a ministry empire
October 27th, 2013 | by Shelly Bradbury
Eleanor Wilson sings along during a worship service at evangelist Perry Stone's annual conference, called "The Main Event," at the Omega Center International in Cleveland, Tenn., on Thursday, Oct. 10, 2013.
Selma Tillich paused in the hallway outside the sprawling auditorium and remembered the day she was saved.
The music from the night's service was already rising and falling rhythmically behind her and about 2,500 people were worshipping inside the brand-new, 3,000-seat auditorium. A full band and robed gospel choir were onstage belting out classics while TV cameras stream images to two large screens and latecomers filled up the bleachers in the back.
Worshippers spun, or danced, or clapped their hands. Some, like Tillich, drove hundreds of miles to hear the night's sermon.
Everyone was waiting for one man -- a man Tillich has been following for 36 years.
Perry Stone. He's a 54-year-old evangelist with a thick black beard who's quietly built a multimedia ministry empire in Cleveland, Tenn. He travels the world and regularly preaches to thousands. His TV show, "Manna-fest," airs on 84 networks and stations and is available in 249 countries.
"I got saved at a Perry Stone camp meeting in Virginia when he was 18," said Tillich, a retiree. "I'm so thankful that the Lord used him to help me get saved. We love him. He's wonderful and he's true."
The 6-foot-tall preacher's nonprofit Voice of Evangelism Outreach Ministries employs 35 people and pulled in $11.8 million in revenue in 2011, mostly from donations.
Stone has written more than 80 books, recorded hundreds of DVDs and CDs and just put the finishing touches on a $22 million church and conference center in Cleveland this summer, built debt-free. The gathering place complements Stone's original Voice of Evangelism headquarters, about a mile away.
PERRY STONE PROPHECIES
1996 -- While resting his head on a Bible, Perry has a vision that shows an attack on the World Trade Center.
1998 -- Perry is asleep and hears a voice that says George W. Bush will be the next U.S. president. "It says, 'It's my will for the governor of Texas to be president,'" Stone said. "And I didn't even know who the governor of Texas was."
Nov. 3, 2000 -- Perry is praying when he hears the Lord say, "He will win by one." After the election Perry realizes what it means: "What happened with the win by one was -- let me get this right -- one Supreme Court justice tilted toward Bush, one state, Florida, and he won [a majority] by one electoral vote," he said. "The number one was all over it."
April 2011, a week before Osama Bin Laden's death -- While half-asleep, Perry hears a conversation that predicts Bin Laden's death. "I heard what sounded like walkie-talkie static," he said. "Then, 'We have the target. Bin Laden is dead.' And it said, 'Verify with DNA, verify.' I heard this conversation as loud as we're talking right now."
Source: Perry Stone
1976 -- Perry preaches first sermon at age 16
1985 -- Voice of Evangelism Outreach Ministries is founded
1982 -- Perry marries Pamela Stone
2000 --Manna-fest TV program starts on Trinity Broadcasting Network
2013 -- Omega Center International opens
Source: Perry Stone Ministries
He's built a robust following of people like Tillich, and sends out a bimonthly magazine to about 31,000 people. Tillich and her husband drive to as many of Perry's services as they can -- so far this year they've made it to about 10 throughout the Southeast in Florida, Tennessee, West Virginia, Georgia.
Tillich buys his DVDs after each service and shows them to a group at her church on Monday nights.
"He's genuine," she said, clutching one of his books. "Perry feeds you. A lot of these other people, it's a religion. To him, it's like being in touch with the Lord."
Stone lives in a 6,100-square-foot house on a quiet drive in Cleveland. He's a die-hard Alabama football fan, with an African Grey parrot who squawks, "Roll Tide." He peddles everything from Holy Land perfume to aprons on his website, claims to sometimes see visions that predict future events, and has been called both a heretic and false prophet by critics.
Evangelist Perry Stone holds an oversized styrofoam heart as an assistant holds a brain over his head during a sermon called "What happened to my brain when the tempter came" at his annual conference, called "The Main Event," at the Omega Center International in Cleveland, Tenn., on Thursday, Oct. 10, 2013.
When he strides on stage in a black suit and maroon turtleneck to preach to Tillich, he looks completely at ease, cracking jokes, praying and singing. He takes his place behind a Styrofoam pulpit that's shaped like a castle wall, with four pillars and a faux stone finish.
"Who says coming to church has to be boring?" he shouted, to cheers from the crowd. "I'm just tired of Christians who look like they were baptized in lemon juice."
Ketchup and cash
A fourth-generation preacher, Stone grew up in Virginia and started preaching before elementary school.
"I can remember when he was 5 years old and he'd get his cousins on the steps and preach to them," said his mother, Juanita Stone, shaking her head. "I guess that's where he started."
He was a curious child, she added, always tinkering and tearing Christmas presents apart to see how they worked. And he was a natural performer, said his sister, Diana Stone, even as a 10-year-old.
"We went on vacation and he got mad because Mom and Dad wouldn't let him do something," she remembered. "So he went back up to the room and opened ketchup packets and poured ketchup on himself and laid on the bed so it looked like he was dead when they came in and found him."
She laughed.
"He's always been kind of theatrical, I guess," she said. "Even as a kid he'd dress up in something and make people laugh. He's never lost that."
Stone gave his first official sermon in 1976 at age 16, and decided to write a book as well. He couldn't pay a publisher, so he traded a drum set to a printer in exchange for printing 500 copies of his book.
"I sold that book for a dollar," Stone said, and laughs. "I didn't make much. But I loved to write, and I started writing booklets; all of them were 32 pages. And that was the start of the outreach ministry we have today."
At 18, he started to travel and preach, and became known for long revivals. While other preachers would preach every night for a week, he'd preach every night for five, seven, 11 weeks.
"One time I preached 16 weeks every night without a break," he said. He founded Voice of Evangelism in 1985 and became interested in prophecy after his first trip to Israel. He wanted to prove that the prophecies detailed in the Bible's Old Testament were coming true.
"We went all over the country documenting three major prophecies that scholars taught were not supposed to happen until the Lord returns that were already happening," he said. "Then I'd preach on Saturday nights -- "Prophecy updates from Israel" -- with slides. That was back in the slides days. You can tell how old I am. That became our most-requested teaching."
Slides and books turned into videos and DVDs, CDs and T-shirts, tours to Israel. All for sale. At his annual conference this year, attendees walked past 11 tables of merchandise to get in the door.
"To stand where Jesus stood, to see what he saw, you'll feel his miracles come alive inside you," read a banner advertising Stone's 10-day tour to Israel.
When Stone takes the stage, one of the first things he does is offer a mini-lesson, a nugget from the Lord. God wants to pour out his blessing on you, he tells his audience. Picture a goblet, he says. You can't pour anything out of a goblet if you put your hand on top and block the opening.
"God does not control your blessing, you do," he said. "We're always looking for God to do blessing, blessing, blessing. But if our hand is over the goblet, God won't do anything. We need to remove our hand from the goblet. So how do we do it? We do it by obedience."
In about one minute, he continues, the ushers will be coming around for the offering.
There's a loud rustling as the crowd reaches for the white donation envelopes on the backs of the seats in front of them. Stone breaks into a song.
Prophecy and powerpoints
Stone says one of his prophetic visions happened when he was preaching in Florida in 1996, and he lay down for a mid-afternoon nap.
"I had my Bible out and I was so tired I put my head on the Bible," he said. "Within seconds, I had a vision where I was not there and I saw in the vision the World Trade Center, shrouded in black. There were five gray colored tornado-looking twisters coming off it. They had fire in them, and sparks. Then they had paper. And I came out of it and I thought, 'Oh Lord, something is going to happen to the World Trade Center.'"
Three years later he commissioned an artist to draw a picture of the vision, which he showed on Christian television in 1999.
"I had predicted a terrorist attack on the trade center," he said. "When the plane hit and I saw the black smoke, that's the first thing I saw in the vision. When the buildings collapsed and I saw the dust, I went crazy. I totally freaked out. That was it."
Stone's prophetic claims are perhaps the most controversial part of his ministry. Dozens of blogs, websites and videos call him a heretic, a wolf in sheep's clothing, a cheat. One website posts his picture with the words "False Teacher" stamped across his forehead in bold red ink.
"[The critics] are usually the people who disagree on the prophecy part," he said. "They're not sinners, they're not heathens, but they disagree with you on prophecy. But if they disagree with your prophecy then you're a false prophet."
Stone has also drawn ire for teaching that the Christian tradition of communion, taken daily, can bring physical healing, spiritual healing and emotional healing. He designed a communion kit and sells a book titled, "The Meal that Heals" to help people receive that threefold healing.
None of the people behind the critical websites returned requests for comment. And Stone says all of his products, books and teachings are backed by the Bible.
"Don't go to a website and say Perry Stone said this little blurb," he said. "You have to hear the before and after. Listen to the whole teaching, then come back and criticize and tell me you don't believe and we'll go from there. If I'm going to teach something that is a little controversial, I'll prove that point from the Word first, or I'm not going to put it out there."
He doesn't have much formal education -- he attended Lee University off and on for eight years but never graduated, eventually earning a bachelor's from little-known Covenant Life Christian College. But he says he's spent 80,000 hours studying the Bible.
"All day," he said. "They bring lunch to my desk. Here's what I'm doing. Writing books, writing articles for the magazine, writing articles for the Internet, writing messages, doing PowerPoints for those messages, writing a study Bible, writing 30 messages for Israel. I'm wearing myself out just thinking about it."
He publishes some of his books through Charisma Media, a multimedia company that publishes both magazines and books. Steve Strang, Charisma Media's president and founder, said Stone is one of their best-selling authors.
"I've been covering the Christian community for most of my career," he said. "I know virtually every evangelical Pentecostal leader in the country. And I would say that Perry Stone is right at the top of the list when it comes to things like integrity. He's not a real flamboyant person, he doesn't promote himself a lot, yet he has a huge following."
Every weekend, Stone hops in Voice of Evangelism's twin-engine plane and preaches at churches around the country. He never charges a set fee to preach, although he sometimes asks for help to cover the travel expenses, and will take an offering during the service.
He doesn't earn any royalties on his books or other products -- all the money goes back into Voice of Evangelism, where he earned a $104,115 salary in 2011. He pays about $4 million a year for his twice-weekly TV show on Trinity Broadcasting Network and other networks and does the production in-house, with a full prop department to pump out oversized Styrofoam visual aids. Voice of Evangelism's emails reach about 70,000 people.
Stone's salary is set by the nonprofit's board, chaired by long-time Chattanoogan Rick Towe, formerly senior vice president at Covenant Transport. He said Stone has managed money well over the years.
"They're very frugal with their money," he said. "He's a great guy. And what you see on stage is what you see all the time. He's pretty steady. He doesn't have any agenda, it's just to preach the gospel."
Stone said he stays in ministry because he believes he is affecting lives for the better.
"It's watching people's lives be changed," he said, tearing up. "That's the whole motivation for me. If I did not see lives change, I would be doing something else. I would absolutely be doing something else."
Prayer and props
Going into a message, Stone always feels a burden of responsibility.
"I always have a weight on me," he said. "Sometimes it is stronger than others. Because you start realizing that for those two hours, God has made you responsible for every person in that room. You can't miss his will for that moment. So for me personally, the size doesn't matter. I can preach to 20 or 8,000 and I feel the same weight. You never know if that's somebody's last service on earth."
A couple hours later, Stone is on stage getting into the night's main sermon. He pulls out an oversized Styrofoam heart and a big Styrofoam brain. An assistant holds the brain over his head and he holds up the bright red and blue heart in front of his chest.
"You know what, everybody get your phone out," he says. "I'm going to hold the heart up and everybody get a picture on the count of three and send it to Facebook."
About 2,500 people reach for their phones and hold them up, creating a sea of blue glow.
"Ready?" he asks. "One, two three."
"Now I want you to text these words: 'What happened to my brain when the tempter came?'" He smiles. "That's tonight's message. So let's get that out there."
Contact staff writer Shelly Bradbury at 423-757-6525 or sbradbury@timesfreepress.com.
Parents in prison: 'Sesame Street' spearheading workshop to help children cope
Curb lane closed on westbound McCallie Avenue in Chattanooga


text:
Home/Online news / Blog
Online news / Blogsuperadmin2022-01-13T11:58:37+03:00
Greece included in Amazon's plans for global dominance
Amazon has announced it will be launching 30 new AWS Local Zones in major cities around the world. It is the first such launch outside the United States, aiming to maintain Amazon's supremacy in the technology arms race. The decision was announced by CTO Dr. Werner Vogels during his keynote at the Las Vegas conference. What AWS Local Zones do An AWS Local Zone provides customers better regional access to the company's services, meaning they should encounter faster and more [...]
economia2021-12-05T12:37:03+03:00December 5th, 2021|Online news / Blog|
Soufli in Evros among the "best tourism villages 2021"
Soufli, a town in the Evros regional unit, Greece, has been selected as one of the 44 "best tourism villages" by the World Tourism Organization. Soufli is notable for the silk industry that flourished there in the 19th century. The Best Tourism Villages by UNWTO initiative was launched to advance the role of tourism in safeguarding rural villages, along with their landscapes, natural and cultural diversity, and their local values and activities, including local gastronomy. The Silk Museum is housed in [...]
economia2021-12-02T22:07:05+03:00December 2nd, 2021|Online news / Blog|
Greece: A "State for Innovation"
The Greek ministry of Development and Investments moves forward with its plans for the first "State of Innovation" in Greece. The "State of Innovation" aspires to become "the natural headquarters for innovation" in the country, a multipurpose space, where start-ups, researchers, universities and business research & development departments will create (through synergies) innovative products and services. The international public tender for the Public-Private Partnership Contract is underway, as the second phase of the competition began a few weeks ago. [...]
economia2021-12-01T11:59:25+03:00December 1st, 2021|Online news / Blog|
Orgenesis and Theracell: Delivering cell and gene therapies to Greek patients
Orgenesis, a global biotech company working to unlock the full potential of cell and gene therapies, announced that its joint venture (JV) with Theracell Advanced Biotechnology in Greece has been designated a "Priority Investment of Strategic National Importance." The designation was awarded by Enterprise Greece, the official Greek national investment and trade promotion agency, which is responsible for the allocation of the government funds. As a result of this designation, the JV will be inducted into Greece's fast-track licensing and [...]
economia2021-11-30T01:41:05+03:00November 30th, 2021|Online news / Blog|
In the times of Delta and Omicron variants, Greece risks stumbling
In the times of Delta and Omicron variants, Greece risks stumbling by Antonis D. Papagiannidis For modern Greeks, the use of Ancient Greek alphabet letters in – say – astronomy (Alpha Centauri/aCen is a gravitationally bound star system, Beta Cygni/bCyg is double-star Albireo), physics (gamma rays) medicine (delta waves in EEG) may well sound a matter of praise if not of pride. When it comes to Covid variants /mutations, though, things are far more hazardous, or at least unpleasant: variants [...]
Greece as an outlier in the Covid-19 pandemic
Greece as an outlier in the Covid-19 pandemic by Antonis D. Papagiannidis The Covid-19 state of affairs has made of Greece an outlier in Europe – more than once. At the very beginning of the pandemic, decisiveness carried the day. Declaring (and implementing) a rigorous lock-down, where people had to send SMSs to a central digital node notifying they were getting out of their homes for essential chores only – getting meds at the pharmacy, supplies at the supermarket, or [...]
economia2021-11-22T12:05:33+03:00November 22nd, 2021|Online news / Blog|
Playing to the global public opinion
Playing to the global public opinion by Antonis D. Papagiannidis The high-profile clash of red-hatted (and -masked) aggressive Dutch journalist Ingeborg Beugel with obviously aggravated Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis over Greece's treatment of asylum-seekers, over push-backs at sea as well as over the ever-lasting matter of truth-and-lies has got quite a lot of public-opinion attention. One day later, the deliberately belligerent stance of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan over the same issue ("If we open our borders, I do [...]
COP26: Greece pledges to do its part and turn "green"
The power sector accounts for a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions. To meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, the world needs to move away from coal and towards clean power about five times faster than at present. Leaders at COP26 are working on plans to accelerate a global transition from coal to clean power that benefits jobs, workers and communities. EU Commissioner for Energy Kadri Simson hosted an COP26 event on the special EU Energy Day and stressed: [...]
Previous123456···3031Next

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Church burner receives 25-year prison sentence
by The Associated Press | November 4, 2020 at 4:41 a.m.
FILE - This file booking image provided by the Louisiana Office of State Fire Marshal shows Holden Matthews. Matthews, a Louisiana man who admitted to burning down three predominantly African American churches, was sentenced Monday, Nov. 2, 2020, to 25 years in prison and ordered to pay the churches $2.6 million. (Louisiana Office of State Fire Marshal via AP, File)
LAFAYETTE, La. -- A Louisiana man who admitted to burning down three predominantly Black-congregation churches to promote himself as a "black metal" musician was sentenced Monday to 25 years in prison and ordered to pay the churches $2.6 million.
U.S. District Judge Robert Summerhays of Lafayette sentenced Holden Matthews, giving the 23-year-old man credit for 18 months he already spent in jail, U.S. Attorney Alexander Van Hook said in a news release.
"Matthews admitted to setting the fires because of the religious character of these buildings, in an effort to raise his profile as a 'Black Metal' musician by copying similar crimes committed in Norway in the 1990s," the statement said.
Matthews had shown interest in "black metal," an extreme subgenre of heavy metal, according to authorities. The music has been linked, in some instances, to fires at Christian churches in Norway.
Matthews told the judge, pastors and congregations of the three Baptist churches that he was deeply sorry and wanted them to know he had recovered his faith in God, The Advocate reported.
He had pleaded guilty to state and federal charges. Summerhays said that when Matthews is sentenced in state court, that judge may order the sentence to be served at the same time as the federal one.
Matthews pleaded guilty in federal court to three counts of violating the Church Arson Prevention Act and to one of using fire to commit a federal felony.
Summerhays ordered him to pay $1.1 million in restitution to Mt. Pleasant Missionary Baptist Church and $970,213.30 to Greater Union Baptist Church, both in Opelousas, and $590,246 to St. Mary Missionary Baptist Church in Port Barre.
All three were burned down over 10 days in March and April of 2019. The churches were empty at the time of the fires, and no one was injured.
Although race was not considered a motive, Summerhays said, he had to consider that the crime brought the church communities back to a dark time of racial discrimination, the newspaper reported.
"These churches trace their origins to the post-Civil War Reconstruction period and, for generations, were a place for predominantly African American Christians to gather, pray, worship, and celebrate their faith," Assistant Attorney General Eric Dreiband of the Civil Rights Division, said in the news release. "The churches survived for nearly 150 years but did not survive this defendant's warped act of hatred."
The judge asked the Bureau of Prisons to put Matthews in a prison near his family and to ensure that he gets substance abuse counseling and mental health treatment, KATC-TV reported.
The hearing had begun Friday but was cut short after new evidence was introduced. On Friday, clinical psychologist and Louisiana State University professor Mary Lou Kelley -- a defense witness -- testified that Matthews struggles with anxiety, depression and arrested social development.
Matthews pleaded guilty in state court to three state hate crime counts, two of simple arson of a religious building and one of aggravated arson of a religious building. That sentencing had been scheduled Monday but was postponed with no date set, The Advocate reported.


Although the much awaited 2018 edition of the world's largest gospel concert, The Experience, has come to an end, the phenomenal impact it made still lingers on. This year's edition saw a mammoth crowd of over 700,000 persons occupy the Tafawa Balewa Square (TBS), Lagos with several overflow sitting areas around the venue filled to maximum capacity.
Crowd favourites and power singers, Tope Alabi and Chioma Jesus got everyone singing in their native dialects of Yoruba and Igbo respectively during their individual sets. Travis Greene and his Nigerian 'twin brother', Tim Godfrey performed their hit collab song, Nara, to the delight of everyone. Just when guests thought it couldn't get any better, other powerful artistes stepped on stage to literally bring heaven down to earth; and so the cycle went on until almost 6 am on Saturday.
Multiple award-winning American artist and choir director, Kirk Franklin closed out the concert with an energetic performance that got every sleepy eye and tired body ready to go on another 24hr praise ride!
Relive The Experience over the next few days on DSTV channel 198. Be part of the ongoing conversations on social media @theexperiencelagos using the hashtags, #TE13 and #JesusOurPeace.
Photo Credit: Damell Photography, House on The Rock E-Team and Jeje Bolanle (InfinityPix).
Which Abuja pastor's table is Timi Dakolo shaking?


Having a playset that gives your children hours of energy-burning fun is incredibly important for their development. At MyDeal Australia, we pride ourselves on having great high quality products for children, and our Picnic Tables for Kids are no different. These sets are manufactured by commercial brands with amazing track records in the children's equipment field.
What we have available at MyDeal Australia are made by brands such as Little Tikes and Plum Kids. These products are perfect to get the imagination of your kids flowing, and inspire their cretive spirit. They can have picnics outside with their friends or siblings, which gets them out into the fresh air and out of your way for the afternoon simultaneously. The Little Tikes range include products that are just perfect for toddlers and small children. With compact designs that are easy to store and amazingly easy to clean, the range of products here are great for the young ones.
The Plum Kids products are great for children, as they incredibly sturdy and use FSC certified timber. The combination of having strong and sturdy tables including a play gym will give your children hours of fun and enjoyment. Including a hidden sand and water section, slide and climbing wall, these high quality play centres are a great accompaniment for any of our amazing products.
For more information about the products that we have, including our children's Playground Equipment for sale, please feel free to contact us using the MyDeal online enquiry form and telephone service. Our customer service team will be able to help you with any product enquiries you may have. Many of the amazing products we have available at MyDeal Australia are eligible for free shipping Australia wide.


NASA to Start Irradiating Monkeys?
NASA is stepping up its space radiation studies with a round of experiments that for the first time in decades will use monkeys as subjects.
How extremely unnecessary!!!!!!!!!!! Why not stay out of space instead, or take the consequences with it?


Vintage set titled "Golden Ice" by Sarah Coventry including a graduated strand necklace, bracelet and earrings. Both the necklace and bracelet are in a triple strand format with lengths of clear lucite faceted beads which sandwich a gold rope chain and all drape beautifully. The lovely clasps could also double as a pendant in the necklace, or arm charm on the bracelet. Drop earrings feature a single lucite bead dangling from a delicate gold chain. This classic parure can transition from day to evening very easily, and is as in style now as it was back in the day.
20" 22" and 24" graduated strand necklace, 7 1/2" x 1 1/4" wide bracelet. Earrings are 1 1/2" long x 3/8" wide.
Vintage jewelry is rarely perfect. We will do our best to note any obvious flaws, but flea bites, and small scratches are to be expected. Please view all photos with zoom to see characteristics of this listing, and note the measurements provided, as we use a telephoto lens to show as much visual detail as we can. This may enhance size perception. We would be happy to answer any questions, or provide additional photos. This set is in excellent vintage condition.


The Supreme Court today dismissed a plea filed by industrialist Kalanithi Maran challenging a Madras High Court verdict setting aside a trial court order discharging him in a case relating to the alleged setting up of illegal telephone exchanges.
A bench of Justices Ranjan Gogoi, Navin Sinha and K M Joseph rejected Maran's plea, following which he, along with his brother and former Union Telecom Minister Dayanidhi Maran and others, would have to face trial in the case.
On 30th of last month, the apex court had rejected a plea filed by Dayanidhi challenging the high court's 25th July order and asked him to face trial in the case.
The case relates to the period when Dayanidhi Maran was the Minister for Communications and Information Technology during the tenure of UPA-1 government.
The CBI has alleged that he had misused his official position and got private telephone exchanges installed at his residences in Chennai. The agency alleged, these telephone lines were used for Sun Network's business transactions.
The special CBI court had on 14th March discharged the Maran brothers and five other accused, holding there is no prima facie case against them.


Music lost a guiding light on July 23rd 2011, when Amy Winehouse succumbed to alcoholism. Fans continue to mourn the loss of her music, and now this first look at the upcoming documentary Amy will make you miss her even more. The clip offers a very human portrait of the vulnerable artist, and culminates in a truly heartbreaking bit of self reflection from Amy herself.
"I don't think I'm going to be at all famous," says a young Amy in a voice over. "I don't think I could handle it. I think I would go mad." Directed by Senna filmmaker Asif Kapadia and produced by Exit Through The Gift Shop's James Gay-Rees, the film is set to premiere in England on July 3rd.


How I can create information pages, such as articles and content.
Where i can change text on the above of top menu on the home page?
My Article has Content but it renders as Blank on the Website How do I fix it?


text:
Neoitamus smithii är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Frederick Wollaston Hutton 1901.  Neoitamus smithii ingår i släktet Neoitamus och familjen rovflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Rovflugor
smithii

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


- This Christmas is the best and worst of times for Randy Hundley, who was at the Rosen Group's event at Club Macanudo. Whereas the popular ex-Cubs catcher's son, Todd, just signed a lucrative deal to play for Rupert Murdoch's L.A. Dodgers, he also has this--wife Betty is battling a serious illness.
- Gov. Jim Edgar and Brenda were toasted by his staffers, past and present, at a party Wednesday in Springfield's Renaissance Center. In addition to a call from former U.S. President George Bush (you expected Bill Clinton?), the guv was most pleased with two items: A taped message from ex-U.S. President Gerald Ford inviting him to golf and a document from 1861 signed by Abraham Lincoln.
- Radio wits Robert Murphy and Fred Winston partied with legendary performer Roberta Flack in the Signature Lounge of the John Hancock to celebrate Murphy's January return to Chicago airwaves on WXXY/WYXX-FM 103.1. Murphy, noting that when he left the city three years ago, many of the partygoers were sitting in a bar, quipped: "I'm glad to see things haven't changed."
Tailgating: INC. hears the arrest of a Chicago cop this week for allegedly trafficking in narcotics almost got blown when a WBBM-Ch. 2 news crew, tipped in advance, barged into the surveillance and began tailing FBI agents who were following the cop. Our source said it was "a deplorable situation made worse." To their credit, the TV crew did back off when the angry agents radioed the station.
A big draw: When Lawrence Paull, a Chicago native and the production designer for "Light It Up," the movie now filming here, needed a mural for a school room, his research sent him to Gallery 37. It, in turn, recommended two G-37 participants, Sterling Price and David Finney. Working three weeks (at union painter's wages), they painted the mural on the film's Goose Island set with some help from actor Robert Ri'chard, whose character's dreams in the movie are depicted in the mural.
Other shoe: While we understand the battle is far from over, a federal judge in Chicago ruled Thursday that the city must pick up the legal fees--close to $500,000--for the Federation of Advertising Industry Representatives Inc., which got an ordinance struck down last summer prohibiting alcohol and tobacco ads on most billboards. The federation's legal team was Deutsch, Levy & Engel.
Noble Roman: Ex-Congressman Roman Pucinski gets a Distinguished Service medal from the Federal Aviation Administration--he championed crash-proof cockpit recorders--in Friday ceremonies at the Polish Museum of America here. . . . WGN-Ch. 9's Roy Leonard makes a final appearance on the a.m. news show Friday after 31 years at the station. Of special interest should be tapes of Leonard's interviews with Tom Hanks, Tom Cruise and Steven Spielberg early in their careers.
Passages: Friday birthdays: Ossie Davis, 81; Ray Liotta, 43; Ray Meyer, 85; Bill Deutsch, 80; Brad Pitt, 35; Keith Richards, 55; Roger Smith, 66; Steven Spielberg, 51; Bill Skowron, 68. Saturday birthdays: Jennifer Beals, 35; Alyssa Milano, 26; Tim Reid, 54; Cicely Tyson, 65; Robert Urich, 52.
Making dough: Was that really MJ in one of the limos that cruised through the drive-through at Krispy Kreme Doughnuts in Summit in its opening week? Maybe the North Carolina native wanted a taste of home, and his hankering helped the store's first-week sales of nearly a half million doughnuts break the 60-year-old company's record.


There are 3 Parking Lamp choices for the 1980 Pontiac Acadian!!!
Notes: Some vehicles come with several Parking Lamp choices and could be very confusing. Please make sure to read the Parking Lamp description below before placing an order. In particular, match the Parking Lamp's specifications, fitting notes and side (when applicable) with your vehicle's specifications. To buy a particular Parking Lamp, place your order online or call our sales staff at 1-800-378-7566 with the stock number.


text:
Lewes Road is a major road in the English seaside city of Brighton and Hove. It was part of the A27 cross-country trunk route until the Brighton Bypass took this designation in the 1990s; since then it has been designated the A270. The road runs northeastwards from central Brighton through a steep-sided valley, joining the A27 at the city boundary (formerly the borough boundary) and continuing to Lewes, the county town of East Sussex.

The road originated in the 18th century as an alternative to the ancient drove road across the South Downs which was much used by fishwives bringing fish caught in Brighton to the market in Lewes. Lewes Road was turnpiked in 1770, and urban development spread rapidly along the road from the early 19th century.

Most of the road is built up on both sides, and many important buildings flank the  road: one of Brighton's largest churches, a former barracks, many university buildings, a major bus depot (formerly the hub of Brighton's tram operations), The Keep archive centre and a large supermarket. Proximity to Brighton and Sussex Universities makes the area a centre for student life and accommodation, and a major redevelopment scheme started in 2018 to provide more buildings and facilities for the University of Brighton.

The road is a key bus corridor, but the Kemp Town branch railway's Lewes Road station was short-lived and its infrastructure no longer survives. Lewes Road has been altered and modernised several times since World War II and is now a dual carriageway along most of its length. Bus lanes, cycle paths and the Vogue Gyratory—"a fiendish maze of one-way systems, roundabouts and crossings", named after a pornographic cinema—add to the road's complexity.

Description and designation
Lewes Road is one of the main entry routes into Brighton, and therefore gives "many visitors ... their first impression of the city." Sitting at the bottom of a dry valley with hills on each side, particularly alongside the northern part of the route, the road is sheltered and hidden from distant views. It is an important commercial and industrial area for its surroundings and the wider Brighton area, and is known as the city's "academic corridor" because of the presence of the city's two universities, Brighton and Sussex. The road's character changes substantially along its length, and the city council considers it to have three separate character areas: the central fringe (The Level to the Vogue Gyratory), largely Victorian in character with a mixture of housing and retail and an "uncoordinated urban realm"; the inner suburban area (Vogue Gyratory to Natal Road), dominated by the dual carriageway and "hostile to pedestrians", with council flats, privately rented terraced houses, industrial buildings and the large university buildings; and outer suburban, consisting mostly of rented housing, more university buildings and some open space, giving "a very green approach to the city".

Lewes Road is the longest continuously named road in Brighton: it runs for  northwards to the city boundary from Waterloo Place, where it diverges from the A23 (London–Brighton road). This point, close to the rear of St Peter's Church, is at the southeast corner of The Level. The  area of marshy open land now known as The Level was the meeting point of three winterbournes, including one which occasionally surfaced along the dry valley where Lewes Road runs. It has been used for fairs, sport and recreation since the 18th century. The road forms the eastern boundary of The Level, then meets Union Road and Elm Grove at a major junction. Elm Grove is the main route to Brighton Racecourse; it originated as part of a Roman trackway which formed part of the ancient trackway across the South Downs to Lewes (Juggs Road), and was developed with housing from the mid-19th century. The next major junction is the Vogue Gyratory, where Upper Hollingdean Road, Upper Lewes Road (both of which link Lewes Road with Ditchling Road, another major route) and Bear Road meet the Lewes Road. This was the northern boundary of Brighton until the borough was expanded in 1928; to the north and east was the parish of Preston, and the residential area east of Lewes Road and north of Bear Road (now known as the Bear Road area) was historically known as East Preston. In this area there is also some industrial development on the east side of the road, and the University of Brighton has several buildings. North of this, the Moulsecoomb council estate was built in several phases in the mid-20th century alongside the Lewes Road. Further north, the road passes the east side of a deep valley originally known as "Cold Dean", between Hollingbury and Stanmer. Scattered farm cottages near Lewes Road were the only buildings in the valley until Brighton Corporation developed it for council housing from 1950 as the Coldean estate.

The designation of Lewes Road within the British road numbering system has a complex history. For many years the A26 road ran from Maidstone, the county town of Kent, to Brighton, and the entire length of Lewes Road within Brighton bore this number. The A27 trunk road joined it at the Upper Lewes Road junction. When the A26's southern terminus was moved to Newhaven, the whole of Lewes Road took the A27 designation: the section between Upper Lewes Road and The Level became a spur of the A27. The Brighton Bypass was completed in 1995, and Lewes Road took the number A270 as far as the bypass.

History

A route has existed for centuries between Brighton and Lewes, the county town of East Sussex (and historically of Sussex as a whole), which is  to the northeast. The historic route to Lewes ran in a more easterly direction on a drove road across the South Downs; it still exists as footpaths and byways. It was travelled regularly by the wives of Brighton fishermen, who carried the fish to market at Lewes: fishermen were known locally as "jugs" or "juggs", and the eastern section of the old route is called Juggs Road. It lay further south, followed a different valley and entered Lewes at Southover. The present road, which takes a north–northeasterly course from the centre of Brighton as far as Falmer, existed by the 18th century and became a turnpike in 1770; the toll gate at the Lewes end survives, but that at Brighton—near the Bear Inn—is no longer standing.

Development of Lewes Road started at the south end, closest to the centre of Brighton, and was confined to the east side at first because the open ground of The Level was to the west. Until the creation of "Greater Brighton" in 1928, when the borough of Brighton absorbed territory from several surrounding parishes, the borough boundary was at Bear Road. North of this was the parish of Preston, which was wholly absorbed by Brighton in 1928. This section remained undeveloped (apart from Preston Barracks) until the 1890s, when the area east of Lewes Road was developed with housing and industry. Further north, the road was flanked on both sides by undeveloped downland. The present Moulsecoomb area was an outlying part of Patcham parish, with scattered farm cottages and a 16th-century manor house, and the land south of Moulsecoomb and east of Lewes Road now covered by the Bevendean estate was in Falmer parish. In 1940 it was "a small settlement with an 18th-century farmhouse".

Preston Barracks was built on open land on the west side of Lewes Road in 1793–95, when war was threatening in Europe. Facilities included accommodation, a hospital and a riding school, and "a small community grew up" on the east side of the road in connection with the barracks. Much of the barracks site, which was latterly owned by the Ministry of Defence, was redundant by the 1980s. The southern part of the site was bought by a developer and became the Pavilions retail park, whose first superstores opened in 1989. Halfords, B&Q, Comet and Harveys Furniture were among the early tenants. Brighton and Hove City Council bought the rest in 2002 and unveiled a £150 million redevelopment scheme in 2016 in conjunction with the University of Brighton. This developed into the "Big Build" scheme. An earlier proposal for a mixed residential and commercial development, announced in 2003, foundered during the 2007–2008 financial crisis; an alternative scheme was put forward by the University of Brighton in September 2009. The "Big Build" project started in 2018. The scheme provided five halls of residence for 800 university students, an academic building, gymnasium, student union building, car park and a pedestrian bridge above Lewes Road connecting the various buildings. Work on this, the final part of the scheme, started in January 2022, and the bridge opened in September 2022. As part of the £300 million scheme, the university announced in late 2021 that it would close its three sites at Eastbourne and consolidate their facilities at Lewes Road.

Brighton's first piped water was supplied from a small pumping station on the west side of Lewes Road in 1834. It was expanded in 1853 but was superseded by the new Goldstone Bottom pumping station in Hove in 1866. Attempts to restart pumping work at Lewes Road in 1896 were unsuccessful because the supply had become polluted, and the works was demolished in 1903. Soon after this, in 1910, industrial development began nearby with the opening of Allen West & Co. Ltd's first factory near the junction with Natal Road. This electrical engineering company expanded to become one of Brighton's largest employers, and it opened several factories along Lewes Road in the interwar period. Two munitions factories were also established alongside the road by 1915.

Brighton's first council houses were built in the Elm Grove area in 1897, but only in the 1920s with the commencement of the Moulsecoomb estate did significant council house building start. The development of Moulsecoomb was part of a council policy of "providing good family housing in the more healthy environments away from the town centre". Wartime restrictions and bomb damage in central Brighton meant that by the 1950s much more new housing was needed, and the council's policy of developing outlying estates resumed. Large developments of houses and flats took place in Moulsecoomb—expanding it to cover land on both sides of Lewes Road—Bevendean, at the south end of Moulsecoomb, and Coldean, northwest of Lewes Road.

Between 1869 and 1976 Lewes Road was crossed by a railway viaduct carrying the Kemp Town branch line above the valley floor. It was  long,  high and had 14 arches, and contributed to the substantial cost of the  line: £100,000 at 1864 prices, the year the line was authorised. The opening ceremony for the line, on 6 August 1869, started with the ceremonial laying of the final brick of the viaduct. The west end of the viaduct immediately adjoined the platform at Lewes Road station. Passenger trains and goods trains ceased in 1932 and 1971 respectively, and Brighton Borough Council bought all the infrastructure including the viaduct, which was mostly demolished in April 1976. The remaining arches at the western end were demolished in 1983 as part of the scheme to build the Vogue Gyratory and the Sainsbury's supermarket, which has a series of arches on its façade to commemorate the viaduct.

In relation to politics, "Lewes Road" was the name of a ward within the Borough of Brighton between 1894 and 1983. In 1926, during the general strike of that year, tensions linked to the proposed operation of local tram services with volunteer labour came to a head in the Battle of Lewes Road on 11 May, when "vicious struggles" broke out between 4,000 strikers and police officers.

Buildings

Waterloo Place, where Lewes Road begins, was designed as a 14-house terrace in 1819 by Amon Wilds and his son Amon Henry Wilds. The southernmost pair survive alongside the A23; Lewes Road itself starts alongside the "brutal intrusion" of the Phoenix Building, part of the University of Brighton School of Art, which was designed in 1976 and which replaced the other 12 houses. Behind this is the site of Tamplin's Brewery (latterly the Phoenix Brewery), established as one of Brighton's main breweries in 1821. Only the adjacent pub (latterly called the Free Butt; now closed), built in the same year, and the Italianate brewery office of 1893 survive. Immediately to the north are the villas of Richmond Terrace—also designed by Wilds senior and junior in 1818, and an example of the speculative housing development which was rife in Brighton during the early 19th century. These houses are next to the former Brighton College of Technology, a Grade II-listed Jacobean Renaissance-style building of 1895 which was converted into flats in 2007. Hanover Crescent, one of several set-piece residential crescents in Brighton, was built between 1814 and 1823, again as a speculative development to the design of Amon and Amon Henry Wilds. Next to the crescent are the Percy and Wagner Almshouses, the only surviving almshouses in Brighton. When the first six were built in 1795, they "stood in open country", being the only buildings north of Old Steine on the turnpike. Six more were added in 1859 at the expense of the Vicar of Brighton Henry Michell Wagner and his sister Mary.

North of the Elm Grove junction, the land on the west side of Lewes Road was common land until 1822, when it was sold to local entrepreneur James Ireland who established the Royal Gardens there. The large houses of Park Crescent was in turn built here from 1849. Densely built smaller streets west of Lewes Road and north of Park Crescent, such as Caledonian, Aberdeen and Inverness Roads, were built in the 1860s, as was the whole of the east side of Lewes Road as far as the Vogue Gyratory. The most significant development on this side was the "impressive" gault brick Gladstone Terrace, dating from the late 1860s.  Opposite is St Martin's Church, the largest church in Brighton by capacity. A cinema, originally the People's Picture Palace but latterly known as the Arcadia, stood nearby from 1910 until 1957; the local Labour Club stands on the site. On the east side, the Franklin Arms pub was destroyed by a bomb on 21 September 1940 and was rebuilt after the war. Another pub, the Gladstone, is nearby. Further north, near where the railway viaduct crossed the road, were the Lewes Road Congregational Church (1878) and its church hall of 1892, and the Connaught Institute (1879). Many shops line both sides of this section of the road: in 1985 Brighton Borough Council described Lewes Road as one of six "important shopping areas" in Brighton, subsidiary to the two "main [shopping] areas" of Churchill Square/Western Road/North Street and London Road.

The demolition of the viaduct and the construction of the Vogue Gyratory on its site brought great changes to this part of Lewes Road. The Vogue Cinema opened in 1937 as the Gaiety and was Art Deco in style. Its first renaming, to the Ace, took place in 1965. It was temporarily converted into a bingo hall three years later, but it reopened as a cinema in 1969 and became the Vogue two years later, specialising in pornographic films and striptease. In its last year (1979–80) it was called the Classic. The 1,500-seat venue, with its distinctive  façade, was demolished soon afterwards as part of the wholesale redevelopment of the area. The site is now buried under the Vogue Gyratory. Behind the cinema, at the Upper Lewes Road junction, stood Cox's Pill Factory. It was built in the 1860s as the Brighton Steam Laundry, but the sons of Arthur H. Cox—who had patented a flavourless coating for pills—bought the building in 1910 and converted it into a factory in 1912. Pills were manufactured there until 1979; thereafter the building stood empty until a large Sainsbury's supermarket opened on the site in April 1985. A landmark clock which had been installed on the factory when it opened was reinstalled on the façade of the supermarket. On the northeast corner of the gyratory is the Bear Inn, a historic pub with 18th-century origins but since rebuilt. Its name derives from the bear-baiting which regularly took place at the pub. The inn gave its name to Bear Road and, by extension, the whole residential area north of Bear Road and east of Lewes Road.

North of the Vogue Gyratory, beyond the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Lewes Road depot of the Brighton & Hove bus company, many of the buildings are associated with the University of Brighton, whose "Big Build" project resulted in much rebuilding from 2018 onwards. The Preston Barracks site took up  of land on the west side of Lewes Road, but by 1990 only  remained in use by the Territorial Army and two original buildings survived. The large warehouse-style stores of the Pavilions Retail Park were in place by 1989, and the rest of the site has been developed by the university. Opposite, Mithras House—another University building—was built as a factory and design office by local electrical engineering company Allen West & Co. Ltd in 1966 but was sold soon afterwards to Brighton Polytechnic, as the university was then. Allen West had several other factories along this part of Lewes Road, but all have been demolished. The university's original, pre-"Big Build" accommodation along this stretch of Lewes Road consisted of "a collection of utilitarian modern buildings" on both sides of the road. As well as Mithras House, there is the ten-storey Cockcroft Building (1962–63), the Aldrich Library (1994–96) and the Huxley Building (2010).

Further north, the housing of Moulsecoomb, described in 1940 as "a model village", was "some of the earliest suburban council housing in the country" and now dominates both sides of Lewes Road. In the 1920s development stopped at The Highway, where The Avenue was later built to connect the Bevendean and East Moulsecoomb estates, and the land beyond was still farmed. South Moulsecoomb, commenced in 1923, was the earliest part; the denser North Moulsecoomb followed in 1926–30; East Moulsecoomb was started in 1935, just after the development of the adjacent Bevendean estate; and the Bates Estate or West Moulsecoomb, mostly 1950s and 1960s flats, took up land on the west side of Lewes Road. One older building survives on this side: Moulsecoomb Place, the Grade II-listed 16th-century manor house. It was bought by Brighton Corporation in 1925 and housed various recreational facilities for the estate's residents; it also served as the Moulsecoomb estate's first library before being bought by the University of Brighton in 1993. Moulsecoomb's present library stands close by, opposite The Avenue. It was built in 1964 on the site of one of Moulsecoomb Place's lodges.

Close to the city boundary at the north end of Lewes Road are the Brighton Aldridge Community Academy, built in 2010–11 and set back from the road into the hillside, and The Keep (2011–13), an archive and historical resource centre for East Sussex and the city of Brighton and Hove.

Churches

St Martin's Church is the Church of England parish church serving this part of Brighton. It stands on the west side of Lewes Road near the Elm Grove junction. It succeeded a smaller building and was built between 1872 and 1875 to the design of George Somers Clarke. The church was built on the initiative of Arthur Wagner to commemorate his father, the Vicar of Brighton Henry Michell Wagner, who had died in 1870.

The present Lewes Road United Reformed Church was registered in September 1996, replacing an older chapel further south on the road. This was built as a Congregational church in 1878 in the Italian Gothic style to the design of architect A. Harford. The façades of the old chapel and its adjacent Sunday school have been retained, and YMCA-supported flats have been built behind.

The Brighton meetinghouse of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is on the north side of the Vogue Gyratory. It was registered for worship in August 1993.

The former Connaught Institute, which had entrances on Lewes Road and an adjacent side-street, was built in 1879 as an institute for soldiers and manual workers, where religious services were held (it was registered for non-denominational worship in 1890) and educational facilities, medical care and other activities were provided. It was also used as an Anglican mission hall and an Evangelical church, but it went out of use in 2003 and was demolished in the following decade.

Transport
In 2016 it was reported that Lewes Road carried 25,000 vehicles daily.  It is a dual carriageway from the Vogue Gyratory to the city boundary and then as far as the edge of Lewes. The first dualling work took place between 1963 and 1964.  The section between The Avenue (Moulsecoomb) and Stanmer Park was not done at that time, but this gap was filled in 1967–68. The section beyond the borough boundary as far as Lewes was converted into a dual carriageway in 1981.

Between October 2009 and January 2011 major changes, including the construction of a flyover, were made to the road layout at the junction of Lewes Road and the A27 Brighton Bypass to provide better access to the new Falmer Stadium, The Keep and the University of Sussex campus. The work was part of a larger scheme to turn the full length of Lewes Road into an "academic corridor", linking the Falmer, Moulsecoomb and Brighton (Grand Parade) campuses of the two universities. In 2012 the speed limit on the northern part of Lewes Road was reduced from  to . The number of accidents fell substantially after this change.  In 2013, Brighton and Hove City Council spent £1.4 million on converting one lane of Lewes Road in each direction into a shared bus and cycle lane with traffic light priority for cyclists and 14 "floating" bus stops (where the cycle lane diverges and passes behind the bus stop, allowing buses and bicycles to avoid each other). These were the first such bus stops in the United Kingdom.

Vogue Gyratory

The Vogue Gyratory was named after the Vogue Cinema, which in its last years was a venue for pornographic films. The new road system was completed in mid-1984. It is the meeting point of Lewes Road, Upper Lewes Road, Hollingdean Road and Bear Road. A "fiendish maze of one-way systems, roundabouts and crossings", it has been described as "an issue that was identified by almost everybody in [council] consultation events" and "a fairly brutal place ... [especially] if you're a pedestrian". Radical redevelopment plans were prompted by the discovery in 2005 that the gyratory was one of the most polluted sites in the city: it was even suggested that the whole area could be demolished (including the Sainsbury's supermarket) and laid out again from scratch. More modest changes were made instead from 2007, including additional bus and cycle lanes.

Tramways
An open site on the east side of Lewes Road north of Bear Road, occupied at the time by a travellers' camp, was chosen as the site of the Brighton Corporation Tramways depot, offices and workshops. Construction started in May 1901 and the first tram ran on 25 November 1901 on the "Lewes Road route" (Route L) to Victoria Gardens (Old Steine). Routes E and Q to Elm Grove and Queens Park Road respectively were established later and used the Lewes Road tracks as far as the Elm Grove junction. Short-lived Route M ran from the depot to Seven Dials, avoiding central Brighton, in summer 1922. Plans were also made to extend the tram tracks north from the depot along Lewes Road towards the developing Moulsecoomb estate, and the council and central government (who were required to pass a Light Railway Order) authorised an extension in 1920; but Brighton Corporation Tramways never took up the option and the permission lapsed.

Trolleybuses
The tram route along Lewes Road was the first to be replaced by trolleybuses, with effect from 1 May 1939. The network reached its greatest extent in 1951, but as the operation of trolleybuses became increasingly expensive following the nationalisation in 1948 of Brighton Corporation's electricity supply and the consequent loss of a cheap electricity source, the system was cut back and eventually withdrawn entirely in 1961. The Lewes Road trolleybus routes were replaced by conventional motor buses from 25 March 1959 and the wires were taken down.

Buses

Lewes Road is an important corridor for bus routes, and buses are well-used. The growth in passenger numbers on routes along Lewes Road serving the universities was greater than on any other part of the Brighton & Hove bus network between 1986 and 2010. The service of three buses per hour between central Brighton and the University of Sussex in 1986 was first augmented by a limited-stop service from September 1991; the frequency was then doubled in May 1996 and rose again in 2001 (eight buses per hour) and 2002 (12 per hour). Services from the universities via Lewes Road to the Royal Sussex County Hospital and Brighton Marina started in 2002. In 1996 a service of three buses per hour was introduced between central Brighton and the Coldean and Hollingbury estates, running the full length of Lewes Road and replacing an older route whose frequency had fluctuated. Routes to the Bear Road, Coombe Road and Meadowview areas of Brighton use the southern part of Lewes Road and have run at various frequencies over the years. The Moulsecoomb and Bevendean estates are served by regular buses which travel to the city centre direct down Lewes Road. Brighton & Hove's longest route, the long-standing "Regency Route" to Royal Tunbridge Wells via Lewes and Uckfield, and its shorter variants to Ringmer, also provides regular services along the length of Lewes Road. By 2009 the various routes combined to give a bus approximately every three minutes to the city centre. The Corporation Tramways depot, on the section of Lewes Road also known as Coombe Terrace, is now part of the Lewes Road bus depot, one of three bus garages in the city.

Railways
The Kemp Town Railway, a branch line from Brighton to Kemp Town, crossed Lewes Road on a  viaduct at a point just south of the historic boundary between Brighton and Preston parishes. A station called Lewes Road was in use between 1 September 1873 and 31 December 1932, when the line closed to passenger services; despite its name it was on D'Aubigny Road in the Round Hill area and could only be accessed from Lewes Road by means of a long footpath. Lewes Road Viaduct, which was  long, was partly demolished in 1976, five years after the line closed to all traffic.  The last section was removed seven years later. The site, and the land previously occupied by Cox's Pill Factory and the Vogue Cinema, was cleared to make way for the Vogue Gyratory and the adjacent Sainsbury's supermarket.

Open space

Saunders Park occupies a  site on the west side of Lewes Road between the Latter-day Saints meetinghouse and the site of Preston Barracks. It opened on 17 September 1924 on the site of the 19th-century waterworks and pumping station. Although it is "the only green space along the route" until Wild Park at Moulsecoomb is reached, its location on the busy road remote from housing means it is underused.

Much of the land on the east side of Lewes Road opposite the Vogue Gyratory has been given over to cemeteries since the mid-19th century. The Brighton Extra Mural Company was formed in 1850 to buy land to form a private cemetery; over time it expanded, and a public cemetery (now called Woodvale Cemetery) was laid out alongside it in 1857. Nearby, the Brighton Borough Cemetery was established in 1868 and the Brighton and Preston Cemetery 18 years later. The Extra Mural and Woodvale cemeteries occupy a sheltered, well-wooded hillside above Lewes Road and have been described as among "the most delightful spots in the whole of Brighton"; they are open to the public, and have been considered "one of the most pleasant and quiet places in Brighton in which to take a walk" since the Victorian era, when a guidebook was published with suggested walks around the Extra Mural Cemetery.

Close to the cemeteries on the east side of the road is William Clarke Park, also known as The Patch. The park covers just under  of land which was a railway cutting of the Kemp Town branch line until it was demolished. The park has a sports area, a children's playground and a pond among other things. It is also the venue of Patchfest, an annual community festival which has live music.

Further north, at Moulsecoomb, Wild Park was bought by Brighton Corporation in 1925 to preserve it from development and has been left as open downland, apart from the construction of some sports pitches. Wild Park and Hollingbury Hill together make up the city's largest Local nature reserve (LNR), covering  west of the Lewes Road. The Wild Park area itself covers about , with a further  adjacent to it used as farmland.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Brighton
Streets in England


text:
Q: Is there a hotkey to toggle between the two panes only in Nautilus (with Extra Pane/F3 mode)? I am running Nautilus with the Extra Pane feature enabled. But I am missing a keyboard shortcut to switch between the left and right pane. Is there a shortcut key for toggling just between the left and right file pane? Something that works like tab in Total Commander/Midnight Commander?
Tab and Shift-Tab are not what I'm looking for. They cycle through several other GUI elements in addition to the two panes.
I'm on Ubuntu 10.04 if that matters.

A: If you are using Status Bar the control will be to the first element on it. But if you remove the status bar by choosing "Status Bar" in the view menu, the control will move to the right side file browser's column when pressing the Tab key.
Shift + TAB will take the control to the left side file browser's column when in the right side.

A: F6 switches between the two panes. You don't need to use Tab and Shift + Tab. This works on 10.04.

A: The only way to make it a bit easier to move the focus from the left to the right pane and back is to disable the Location Bar from View.
With the Location Bar disabled you can use TAB to move the focus to the right and Shift + TAB to move it to the left.

A: Method 1:
F6 may not work on many systems. (like mine has F6 assigned to the mute volume option by default). Use fn + F6 in that case.
Method 2:
Also here's what I do to effectively switch between the two without having to

cycle through several other GUI elements in addition to the two panes.

*

*When in the Extra pane, press → to switch focus to the default pane

*When in the Default pane, press Shift + Tab to switch focus back to the extra pane

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's time for another new challenge at The Ribbon Reel, this time it's a sketch challenge. (Sketch by me, go easy on me it's my first one, I'm sure they'll get better!!) I decided to turn it on it's side... after the first card didn't work out. Anyway, here's the sketch!
It is a large flower, it would make a nice topper for a gift too. The leaves (from Roses in Bloom by Waltzingmosue Stamps) I stamped onto some cream card with VersaMark ink and embossed in gold.
The sentiment is from Fancy Phrases by Waltzingmouse Stamps, again embossed in gold. The brown paper I embossed using the In Stitches embossing folder by Craft Concepts.
Don't forget to pop over to The Ribbon Reel Challenge Blog to check out what the rest of the Design Team have dreamed up to inspire you. Oh and don't forget to play along of course, there's another bundle of goodies up for grabs! Have a great week!
Other: Guipure Lace, Ivory Burlap Cord, Champagne Twill, Silky Crush Wired Ribbon all from The Ribbon Reel, Glimmer Mist, embossing folder In Stiches, Die-cutting machine, vintage earring, sewing machine, heat gun, gold embossing powder.
WOW!!! This is soo BEAUTIFUL!!! You make the most beautiful flowers Clare - I'm so impressed.
+ LOVE your sketch! I'll definately play along!
Beautiful Clare, I just love that gorgeous flower! Like how you dyed the lace too, your card reminds me of a caffe latte!
This is stunning Clare, I absolutely love the colours and your flower is just breath taking.
Композиция в прекрасна цветова гама,моите поздравления!!!
I can comment again!!!! This is beautiful. Love the color combo.
WMSC47.... polka dots and ruffles!
The Ribbon Reel - brand new challenge blog!!


text:
COURAGEOUS **: Law enforcement officers are confident and focused, but unprepared for one challenge: fatherhood. From the creator of "Fireproof." Rated PG-13. (Entertainment Weekly) 2:10
FOOTLOOSE * 1/2: A close remake of the 1984 movie. Stars Kenny Wormald as the low-rent verison of Kevin Bacon, who moves to a small Tennessee town that prohibits dancing in public. Rated PG-13. (Roger Ebert) 1:53
HAPPY FEET 2 ** 1/2: Sequel to the Oscar-winning 2006 film, with the Penguin Nation now trapped at the bottom of a giant ice bowl. Rated PG. (Roger Ebert) 1:39
IMMORTALS **: Theseus (Henry Cavill) is a mortal man chosen by Zeus to lead the fight against the ruthless King Hyperion (Mickey Rourke), who is on a rampage across Greece to obtain a weapon that can destroy humanity. Rated R. (MSN movies) 1:50
JACK AND JILL (Zero stars): Family guy Jack Sadelstein (Adam Sandler) prepares for the annual event he dreads: the Thanksgiving visit of his identical twin sister (also played by Sandler). Rated PG. (New York Post) 1:31
J. EDGAR *** 1/2: Clint Eastwood's biopic of the head of the Bureau of Investigation from 1924 to 1972. Features Leonardo DiCaprio in a fully realized, persuasive and subtle performance. Rated R. (Roger Ebert) 2:16
MARGIN CALL *** 1/2: A Wall Street investment firm makes a long night's journey into collapse. Stars Zachary Quinto, Stanley Tucci and Kevin Spacey. Rated R (Roger Ebert) 1:49
PUSS IN BOOTS ***: An animated story about the events leading up to the sword-fighting cat's meeting with Shrek and his friends. Rated PG. (Houston Chronicle) 1:30
TOWER HEIST ** 1/2: Alan Alda is a Ponzi scheme shark whose solid gold Ferrari must be stolen from a penthouse condo directly above the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. Also stars Ben Stiller. Rated PG-13. (Roger Ebert) 1:44
TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN - PART 1 ** 1/2: Bella Swan (Kristen Stewart) allows the vampire Edward Cullen (Robert Pattinson) to take her to the altar, after which they have an idyllic Brazilian honeymoon. Then, a baby is on the way, leading to distressing problems. Rated PG-13. (Roger Ebert) 1:57
A VERY HAROLD AND KUMAR CHRISTMAS ** 1/2: Stoner buds (Kal Penn and John Cho) cause a holiday fracas by inadvertently burning down a Christmas tree in this tired raunch fest that features so much pot smoking the film could've been shot using a fog filter. Rated R. (Roger Ebert) 1:30


text:
Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States | SELF
Band R&B Funk
Share Z-Man's EPK!
"Area songwriter Z-Man likes to keep it original"
Z-Man (aka Zach Cleven) will be performing at the farmers market on October 14th from 3 to 7.
Z-Man is truly a ONE OF A KIND act words cannot describe, you just have to listen in to find out about this special sound
It's a high energy acoustic show, I'm dancing around I'm shaking my hair going crazy!!
He also hosts a weekly open mic at Starbucks Coffee on Wednesdays form 7 to 9 on oneida st. in Green Bay and you can also catch the Z on Fridays at Harmony Cafe on west mason st.
connect with the Z-Man
www.thezmansound.com
- Kendra Meinert, Green Bay Press Gazette
"Z-Man has a new sound of music"
Zach Cleven has been performing in Green Bay and surrounding areas with a style of music that has a variety of appeals. Z-Man incorporates scatting and funk-inspired guitar techniques with his energetic personality to create his own style.
- Nicole Lasee, Fourth Estate Newspaper
Zach Cleven, Green Bay, WI's own "Z-Man" has an exclusive style and new genre of music, combined with the sounds of various artists. His energetic stage presence, and central focus on his original tunes cover a wide range of age groups, and appreciation. His particular genre of music is truly described as one- of- a -kind, and has been developed as he has made a name for himself, in the local Wisconsin area. His drive and love of music, has given him uncompromising passion for his dream of sharing his music, with a global emphasis. Zach graduated from school in 2006, and sought opportunities to express his creativity through Show Choir, where he sang and danced on stage. His first rock band was called, The Grozzlies, and he continues to make a name for himself across the area, by playing at The Rave/ Eagles Club, Steel Bridge Song Festival, The Blue Bird Cafe, Harmony Cafe,and hosting the weekly Open Mic Night, at Starbucks Coffee.


text:
Glimpses of Erotic Sculptures at Khajuraho Group of Monuments
Khajuraho Group of Monuments is located in Madhya Pradesh, India. These groups of monuments are the largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples which are basically famous all around the world for their erotic sculptures. The temples were built during the Chandella Dynasty that reached its peak point between 950 and 1050 AD.
Kandariya Mahadev Temple in Khajuraho Group of Monuments
Image by John Ubinger on flickr.com
Total area of the complex is enclosed by a wall with eight originates and each of them bordered by two golden palm trees. Originally, there were 85 temples but now only 25 temples remain that falls into three distinct groups namely eastern, western & southern and follows Hinduism and Jainism styles. They scattered in an area of over 20 square kms. A perfect balance displays between the architecture and sculpture of the temples.
One of the many erotic sculptures at Khajuraho Temple
Image by GrandecapoEstiCazzi on flickr.com
The whole complex of Khajuraho illustrates a unique artistic creation, surprising quality, variety of scenes of amusements, sculpted decor of mythological repertory or amusements. All the temples are elegantly decorated on the outside. These temples are world famous for their exceptional art due to which they have been listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Devi Jagadambi Temple
Some of the temples like Visvanatha, Parsvanatha and Vaidyanatha belong to the period of King Dhanga, who was the successor of Yasovarman. The Jagadambi, Chitragupta, are the most remarkable among the western group of temples of Khajuraho. Other temples are Vamana, Adinatha, Javari, Chaturbhuj and Duladeo, are the smaller temples but designed elegantly.
Lakshmana Temple
The Khajuraho group of monuments and temples are esteemed for soaring terraces and functionally effective plans. The sculptural adornments include besides the clan images of parivara, avarana devatas, dikpalas, apsaras and sura-sundaris and all win universal applause for their exquisite, adolescent female forms of enchanting beauty. The apparel and embellishments embrace the winsome elegance and charisma.
Ercotic sculptures of women
Image by east med wanderer on flickr.com
These temples serve as finest example of Indian architecture that have gained popularity mainly due to their precise depiction of sexual life during medieval time period. These erotic sculptures can be easily locate by anyone on Kandariya Mahadev Temple. The sexual art is located outside the temple or even near the deities. It has been said by many people that the erotic art suggests Tantric practices. Many sculptures, i.e. around 10% display the sexual activities between people rather than among deities. The rest of the sculptures depict the everyday life of the people including women putting on makeup, potters, musicians, farmers, etc.
Sculptures on outside walls of one of the temples
The temple complex also offers an evening light and sound show. The show covers the history, philosophy and the art of sculpting of these temples and so enjoyed by most of the people. Two languages are preferred in the show, i.e. English and Hindi. One can choose according to their comfort and understanding of the language. Thus, nobody forgets any moment spent in Khajuraho temples for their whole life.
Posted by Swati Singh on October 28, 2013 in Madhya Pradesh Heritage Sites, Monuments, World Heritage Sites in India
Tags: Architecture, Erotic, India, Monuments, Sculptures, Temples, UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Outlandish Grace of the Brihadeeswarar Temple
Brihadeeswarar Temple is located in the Thanjavur of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is a Hindu temple which is a part of Great Living Chola Temples that are enlisted as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. It was built during the 9th century and completely dedicated to the Shiva. The linga of the temple was brought from the river Narmada and said by many that when it was brought, the water of the river kept increasing day by day and so the name Brihadeeswarar was given to this temple. It is one of the largest temple in India and also most prized one only due to its architectural designs.
Brihadeeswarar Temple in Tamil Nadu
The temple majestically stands amidst the fortified walls that were added in the 16th century. It has the tower or Vimana of the gopuram which is 216 ft high. This Vimana is among the tallest of its kind in the entire world. The Kalasha of the temple is intricately carved out of a single stone and weighs around 80 tons. A big statue of Nandi is amazingly carved out of a single rock and measures about 16 feet long and 13 feet high. This shows that it is a distinctive example of architecture inside the temple.
Nandi(Bull)
Image by ashok_sridhar on flickr.com
This glamorous temple is the world's first fully granite temple. Most of the inscriptions on the walls depict the Bharatanatyam which is a popular classical dance of southern India. One of the interesting parts of this temple is the shadow of the gopuram (pyramidal tower which usually stands over the gateway of the temple) never falls on the ground at noon. This served as a great example of the South Asian style of architecture.
Inscriptions on the wall
The square sanctuary of the temple is surrounded by a narrow passageway and adjoins an antechamber. The double storey plastered walls of the sanctuary are located on a raised basement. Projections of the wall have niches that occupied by fully model images of Shiva. Some finest figures that intricately carved on the walls of the temple include Bikshatanamurti, dancing Shiva, Harihara and Ardhanarishvara.
Brihadeeswarar Temple Entrance
Another interesting thing to see is an Archaeological Museum which showcases the ancient ruins. It surely gives you the chance to look back into the history of the Chola Empire. 107 paragraphs long inscription can also found on the walls of the Vimana which reads the contribution of the Chola King Rajaraja and his sister Kundavai.
Murals and Shiva Lingams in the temple
This popular temple turned 1000 years old on September 2010 and the day was celebrated with great pomp and show. State government celebrated this birthday of the temple with great excitement. Many cultural events were held there during this wonderful occasion. People travel to this place in a large number only to glare or participate in the cultural activities.
On 26th September 2010, which was the fifth day of the millennium celebrations, Indian post released 5 special postage stamps featuring the 216-ft tall giant Raja Gopuram. Also, the Reserve Bank of India commemorated this special event by releasing the 5 coins embossed with the model of the big temple. A 1000 rupee coin was also released to commemorate the same picture as on the Rs. 5 coins. The temple is visited by a large number of pilgrims and tourists from across the globe. It is one of the important heritage sites in Tamil Nadu.
Posted by Swati Singh on October 25, 2013 in Tamil Nadu Heritage Sites, World Heritage Sites in India
Tags: Architecture, Chola Temple, India, Pilgrimage, Tamil Nadu, Temples, UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Soul of Himachal – Kalka Shimla Railway
Kalka Shimla Toy Train is a part of the mountain railway project located in Himachal Pradesh, India. It was built by the British in 1903 to provide access to their summer capital of Shimla. Being a 2 ft 5 inch narrow gauge railway, it covers the entire mountainous route from Kalka to Shimla. It is popular all around for the picturesque views of hills and the surrounding villages. Spectacular scenery during the whole journey keeps the traveler to spell bound on this line. It rejuvenates passengers when the cozy air touches their cheeks and then further makes its way upwards along the narrow track through majestic mountains and pine forests. Due to its glory and charm, it is also listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Image by Shubh M Singh on flickr.com
The route of this train offers panoramic views of all the hill stations. It stops at several points namely Dharampur, Solan, Kandaghatm Taradevi, Barog, Salogra, Totu, Summerhill and Shimla. Originally, there were 107 tunnels that built on this track. In 1930, four of them were discarded, so, remained 103. In 2006, again tunnel no. 46 were dismantled and the number became 102. So, presently there are 102 tunnels but the last tunnel no. 103 at Shimla is still famous as tunnel no. 103. This tunnel is a famous landmark of the town. The longest tunnel is located at Barog. This tunnel is associated with a number of tales and legends.
Himalayan Queen going through a tunnel on the Kalka–Shimla Railway route
Total 864 bridges are located on this line. One of the bridge is 18.29 meter plate girder span. Other bridges have multi-arched galleries like the ancient Roman aqueducts. Bridge No. 493 is known as the "Arch Gallery" and is situated between Kandaghat and Kanoh stations. It is an arch bridge that made in three stages. Another one is bridge no. 226, located between Sonwara and Dharampur. It is an arch gallery bridge and have tier galleries of multiple spans.
Train passing over the Arch Gallery Bridge
Image by Jarkko Viikki on flickr.com
Many sharpest curves are there. The most sharpest one is 48 degrees. Two class "B"0-4-OST locomotives were the first locomotives that arrived there from the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. Diesel locomotives are currently used on this railway.
Main tourist train services that available on this route are the Shivalik Deluxe Express, Himalayan Queen and Rail Motor Car. Each train has its own quality. A number of extra train services are available during the holiday season in India. It is usually from May to July, September, October, December and January. Rail Motor Car is also a temporary service that operates during the rush time of the year, only to manage the crowd.
Image by edge_one on flickr.com
This train is also used for making documentaries and shooting the songs of Indian Bollywood movies. In the UK, the BBC has made a series of documentaries on the Indian Hill Railways. First documentary deals with the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway while the third one deals with Kalka-Shimla Railway. It's shown on BBC FOUR TV on February 2010, on BBC TWO on April 2010 and again on BBC FOUR in January 2012 & September 2012. Songs related to the movie "Tridevi" also shot in this train and many others are in the list.
Thus, the route is the soul and the heart of the Himachal Pradesh, India. A large number of visitors go there throughout the year to enjoy their vacation and surprised by the beauty of the place. They keep the memories of the journey by taking the photographs of this breathtaking destination.
Posted by Swati Singh on October 23, 2013 in Himachal Pradesh Heritage Sites, World Heritage Sites in India
Tags: Himachal Pradesh, India, Kalka, Kalka Shimla Railway, Locomotive, Mountain Railways, Shimla, Toy Train, UNESCO World Heritage Site
A Mausoleum Dedicated to Love – Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal is such a popular monument that almost everyone in the world knows about it. It is located in the Agra city of Uttar Pradesh, India and is a major tourist destination. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the World and an iconic structure of India. Due to its beautiful architecture, it is listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its beauty is unmatched and has never been surpassed by any other building. This timeless monument was built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan in the memory of his beloved life Mumtaz Mahal. It is made-up entirely of white marble. Its dazzling architectural beauty is beyond adequate description, particularly at dawn and dusk. It glows more in the light of the full moon and in the foggy morning, it looks pure white structure, which is placed among the clouds.
The timeless beauty – Taj Mahal
This monument is referred as "elegy in marble". It is a mausoleum that houses the grave of his beloved queen Mumtaz Mahal. Later, the grave of Shah Jahan was added up to it. This marvel of India took twenty-two years to complete its construction with the help of twenty thousand workers. More than 1,000 elephants were employed in transportation of the construction material. In 1648 C.E. the whole structure completed perfectly. Total cost of 32 Million rupees was used for the construction purpose. The master architect of the mausoleum was Ustad Isa. He was the renowned architect of his time. Expert craftsmen from several places of India like Delhi, Qannauj, Lahore and Multan were employed. Also, renowned Muslim craftsmen from Baghdad, Shiraz and Bukhara worked on specialized tasks to build it perfectly.
Graves inside Taj Mahal
Interior of Taj Mahal
The monument stands on a raised and a square platform with its four corners truncated that forms an unequal octagon. The architectural design uses the interlocking arabesque concept in which the each element erects on its own and integrates perfectly with the main structure. Its central dome is 58 feet in diameter and 213 feet in height. It is encompassed by four subsidiary domed chambers. The four graceful, slender minarets outside the main chamber are about 162.5 feet high. The entire mausoleum is decorated with veneer design of flowers and calligraphy using precious gems namely agate and jasper. Main archways are chiseled with passages from the holy Quran and the engrossing work of flowery pattern that captivate charm to its beauty.
Reflection of Taj Mahal in Yamuna River
The Taj Mahal complex is vast and full of several other palatial buildings like mosques, garden, gateway, reflecting pool, etc. Behind the complex, there is the Yamuna River that reflects the beauty of this marvelous wonder throughout the day. Many replicas are modeled on the Taj Mahal like the Taj Mahal of Bangladesh, Bibi Ka Maqbara in Maharashtra, Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City and the Tripoli Shrine Temple in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. But, none of them were able to get even close to the beauty of Taj Mahal.
Bibi ka Maqbara in Maharashtra
It was created by Azam Shah, son of Aurangzeb and grandson of Shah Jahan, to rival the beauty of Taj Mahal
Thus, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of mixed Indian and Muslim art and architecture as it combines the elements of both Persian and Indian architectural elements. A large number of visitors choose the Taj Mahal tour only to see this white marvel. Some tourists across the globe come to India only to visit this elegy in marble. So, a curiosity to visit this marvel of India only makes the Golden Triangle tour popular in India.
Posted by Swati Singh on October 21, 2013 in Monuments, U.P. Heritage Sites, World Heritage Sites in India
Tags: Agra, Architecture, India, Monuments, Taj Mahal, UNESCO
Observe the beauty through Darjeeling Himalayan Railways
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR) or popularly known as Toy Train is a 2 ft, narrow gauge railway runs between New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling in West Bengal, India. It is the first and the most outstanding example of a hill railway. It opens in 1881 and displays the engineering skills. Due to this, residents of hill terrain can travel from one place to another through the steep hills. It is about 86 kms long and the elevation varies from about 100 meters at Jalpaiguri to about 2,200 meters at Darjeeling. The headquarters of the railway is located in the town of Kurseong.
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Locomotive
Image by Mark Herriott on flickr.com
DHR was listed in the World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999. It is only the second railway that gets this honor after the Semmering Railway of Austria in 1998. The main problem that faced by DHR was the steep slopes of the mountain. Those loops and Z-Reverses were designed as an integral part of the system at different points along the route to achieve a comfortable gradient for the stretches in between them. While climbing a slope, the train moves forwards, reverses and then moves forward again, by doing so, it gains height along the side of the hill.
Image source – wikipedia.org
The railway line that crisscross the mountain peaks stops at several locations to deliver the passengers. The climb is through reverse and loops, so, 5 reverses and 3 loops are there. The most popular among the loops is the Batasia Loop located between Ghum and Darjeeling. Besides this, it has 5 major, 498 minor bridges and 177 unmanned level crossings. Total 14 stations are there including New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling.
Locomotive going through a curve
Image by bhaswaran on flickr.com
Stations on which the DHR stops are New Jalpaiguri Junction, Siliguri Town Station, Siliguri Junction, Sukna Station, Rangtong Station, Tindharia station, Mahanadi Station, Kurseong Station, Tung Station, Sonada Station, Ghum Station, Batasia Loop, etc. Main locomotives that used currently are the steam ones and designed by Sharp Stewart company and later by the North British Locomotive Company. Four diesel locomotives are also in use.
DHR Locomotive on Batasia Loop
A number of films have illustrated this railway like the film Aradhana, Barfi, Parineeta, Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman, Darjeeling Limited, etc. BBC news made a series of three documentaries which deals with Indian Hill Railways. The first film covers the Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway, the second is the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the third one is the Kalka-Shimla Railway. So, Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is a wondrous thing and the visitors of West Bengal & Darjeeling must enjoy this journey to make the trip unforgettable.
Posted by Swati Singh on October 17, 2013 in West Bengal Heritage Sites, World Heritage Sites in India
Tags: Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, DHR, India, Locomotive, Mountain Railways, Toy Train, UNESCO
Churches and Convents of Goa
Goa, famous for its golden beaches, is also known for its catholic religious buildings all over India. Despite being the smallest state of India, it has lots of things to offer to its visitors. One of the main glories of Goa is its Churches and Convents. They are spread all around in Old Goa. Like Maharashtra's Vasai Fort that showcases the Portuguese heritage, the Portuguese style of art and architecture commemorate the past of the Goa. The Old Goa was the capital of the Portuguese Indies from 1565 and abandoned in 1760 because of malaria outbreak.
Se Cathedral – The largest church in India
Old Goa is now an archaeological site and its churches and convents come under the UNESCO World Heritage List. In this place, only few people live now, but it is hard to imagine that once there were two lakh inhabitants. Their religious buildings have survived in the form of Churches and Convents.
Church of St. Francis of Assisi
There are many churches and convents are there, some of them are St. Catherine's Chapel, Church and Convent of Francis of Assisi, Basilica of Bom Jesus, Church of Saint Cajetan, Church of Our Lady of the Rosary and St. Augustine Tower. Most of these Churches are plain, especially the interiors. Some of the above said Churches have faded wall paintings and wooden carvings. All of them are of naïve style. Not only the architecture, the Portuguese influence can also be found in the delicious cuisines in Goa.
Basilica of Bom Jesus or Borea Jezuchi Bajilika – A UNESCO World Heritage Site
Only one or two cathedrals seem to be used for religious services while the others are just like a historical monument. The Basilica of Bom Jesus is the famous one. It holds the mortals remains of St. Francis Xavier, a missionary across Asia who died in 1552. He was noted as the patron saint of Goa.
Church of Saint Cajetan
Besides the Churches, there is a Viceroy's Arch near the coast. This arch is a collapsing gate that was erected to commemorate the capture of the city by the Portuguese. Statue of Vasco DA Gama is located on the top of the gate. Many people visit the Old Goa only to see the remains of Portuguese art and architecture.
St. Augustine Tower Ruins – Image by lobodrl on flickr.com
Viceroy's Arch – Image by simonk on flickr.com
Posted by Swati Singh on October 14, 2013 in Goa Heritage Sites, World Heritage Sites in India
Tags: Churches, Convents, Goa, Heritage Buildings, India, Towers
Intricate Inscriptions on Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
Sanchi is a village in Madhya Pradesh, India. Basically, it is known in India for its popular Buddhist Stupa and its monuments. It is listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Many monasteries, temples and pillars are located around the famous Sanchi stupa. The intricate carvings on the stupa illustrate the events from the life of Buddha. It is an important Buddhist pilgrimage site in India.
Sanchi Stupa 1 or the Great Stupa
Image source: wikipedia.org
The great stupa is the oldest stone structure in India and was commissioned by the emperor Ashoka. There are a number of monuments at this place namely Stupa 1, Stupa 3, Pillar 10, Temple 18, Temple 17, Eastern Area Temple, Southern Area Temple, Western Area Monastery, Chetiyagiri Vihara and Archaeological Museum. They are the unrivaled masterpiece of early Buddhist Art. Also, there are ruins of about 50 monuments. Among the ruined monuments, 3 are large stupas, temples, a monastery and monolithic pillars.
Pillar at the northern gate of Stupa 1
Stupa no. 1 is the Great or Principal monument of the place. It has many porticos with stone railings. Decorative work or Torana on the four gateways give it a stunning look. The illustrations located in the decorative work depict the former lives of Buddha. Numerous themes are illustrated there that taken from legends and history. The wonderfully carved inscriptions of plants, animals and humans show the unrivaled skills and art of the earlier times of Buddha.
Buddhist Monastery in Sanchi
All the stupas are crowned with a chhatra. Chhatra is a parasol type structure that symbolizing high rank, peace and honour to the relics of Buddha. Also, temple 17 & 45 and monastery 51 are among the most sojourning structures.
Temple 17 (front) and Temple 18 (behind)
So, the monuments of Sanchi are the worth visiting site and have great historical importance. Emperor Ashoka built many Buddhist monasteries and stupas all over India to spread Buddhism. Many pilgrimage sites are there that correlates with Buddhism and a large number of pilgrims visit them throughout the year.
Shalabhanjika – The most well-known sculpture of Sanchi Complex
Image by jamyang190 on flickr.com
Posted by Swati Singh on October 11, 2013 in Madhya Pradesh Heritage Sites, World Heritage Sites in India
Tags: Buddhist, Buddhist Monastery, Gautama Buddha, India, Monuments, Pilgrimage, Sanchi, Sculptures, Stupas, Temples


You may or may not be doing better than average, but you're almost certainly doing better than your parents.
Today's elderly are healthier, better educated and live longer than any previous generation, according to a report from the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Supportive public policies and decades of economic growth have helped retirees to enjoy unprecedented increases in well-being.
Here are some of the details about the lives and living standards of retirees. Take a look, and see how you compare to the averages.
How educated are you? Retirees have become more educated over time. Some 84 percent of people age 65 and over are high school graduates, and 27 percent have a bachelor's degree or higher, up from 24 percent and 5 percent, respectively, in 1965.
Are you poor? In the middle of the 20th century, nearly 30 percent of people age 65 and over lived below the poverty threshold. Today, the proportion of the older population living in poverty has decreased to about 10 percent. People 65 and older currently experience the lowest poverty rate of any age group in America.
How much do you rely on Social Security? Social Security accounts for about half of the per capita family income for people age 65 and older. Many retirees also receive income from continuing to work, pensions and assets.
Do you have health insurance? Nearly all Americans age 65 and over are covered by Medicare, which was created in 1965. Medicare pays for about 60 percent of all health care costs for retirees, financing most hospital, physician and home health care costs.
Are you still working? The labor force participation rate for older women increased from the 1970s through the early 2000s, but has leveled off in the past ten years. Conversely, for men over age 55, the labor participation rate declined in the 1970s and 1980s, then increased in the mid-1990s, and has been fairly flat since then.
What's your budget? Households headed by people 65 and over spend about 35 percent of their income on housing costs – either rent or homeowner's costs. The oldest age group, people 75 and over, spend an average of 16 percent of their income on health care – more than they spend on either food or transportation.
How's your health? The prevalence of certain chronic health conditions differs by gender. Women report higher levels of asthma and arthritis than men. Men suffer from higher levels of heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
How do you feel? Women over age 50 consistently show more symptoms of depression than men. But both men and women tend to get happier as they age. Adults experience the most depressive symptoms in middle age, but those between ages 65 and 79 actually experience lower levels of depression than any other age group.
Do you exercise? Unfortunately, probably not enough. Only about 15 percent of people between ages 65 and 74 participate in aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities that meet federal guidelines. Activity also declines with age, as only 5 percent of people 85 and over get any significant exercise.
How's your weight? As with other age groups, the percentage of people 65 and older with obesity has increased over the past 30 years. About 35 percent of people age 65 and over are obese, compared with 22 percent in the 1980s. The good news: Smoking has decreased. Just 10 percent of senior men and 8 percent of women are current cigarette smokers.
Do you restrict your driving? About one third of people 65 and over say they limit their driving to daytime because of a health or physical problem. Over half of those 85 and over report limiting their driving or have stopped driving altogether.
How long will you live? If you've made it to age 65, then you can expect to live, on average, to 83 if you're a man and 85 if you're a woman. If you've already made it to 85, then you can expect to live another six or seven years.
Does anyone help you out? An estimated 18 million informal caregivers – mostly children and spouses, and mostly women – provide 1.3 billion unpaid hours of care for the elderly on a monthly basis. While many caregivers say they have things they cannot handle or do not have enough time for themselves, most caregivers also report positive aspects of caregiving.