Do Dooni Chaar to open New York Indian Film Festival!
[New York – March 8, 2011] The Indo-American Arts Council has announced the feature films that have been selected for the Opening Night, Centerpiece, and Closing Night spots for the highly anticipated New York Indian Film Festival which runs May 4 to May 8 in Manhattan.
Opening the 11th annual edition of the IAAC's popular film festival will be the North American premiere of Disney's critically acclaimed family comedy Do Dooni Chaar starring the legendary husband-wife acting couple Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh. The Habib Faisal-directed film marks the Hollywood studio's first live-action production in India and earned some of the best reviews of any Hindi film in recent years. It is a heart-warming comedy about the dreams and challenges of a middle-class family who take a chaotic journey to fulfill their dream of owning a car discovering the true meaning of family along the way. Special guests Kapoor, Singh, and Faisal will all be attending the red carpet premiere.
New York City's prestigious Paris Theatre will be the home to the star-studded red carpet Opening Night premiere of Do Dooni Chaar on Wednesday, May 4, followed by a gala benefit dinner at the Jumeirah Essex House. H.E. Meera Shankar, India's Ambassador to the United States, will deliver the welcome address. The Centerpiece selection will screen at Tribeca Cinemas and will be followed by an afterparty at Tribeca Bar. The Closing Night of NYIFF and the Tagore tribute will take place at Asia Society on Sunday, May 8, along with the annual awards ceremony honoring the festival's winners. Directors Sen and Ghosh will be attending the festival as well.
Created in 2001 in the wake of the September 11 attacks on New York City, the IAAC's film festival was started to create a better understanding of the people and stories from the Indian subcontinent by bringing the most acclaimed feature films, shorts, and documentaries from that region and its Diaspora to America's biggest and most remarkable city. Mira Nair's Monsoon Wedding closed that year's festival ahead of its worldwide theatrical release and was joined over the years by numerous films such as Deepa Mehta's Oscar-nominated 'Water', Nair's The Namesake, the Academy Award-winning Born Into Brothels as well as the New York Premiere of Danny Boyle's Slumdog Millionaire which won eight Oscars. With the help of loyal supporters such as Nair, Mehta, Salman Rushdie, Mani Ratnam, Shyam Benegal, Madhur Jaffrey, Shabana Azmi, Padma Lakshmi, Shashi Tharoor, the Indian Consulate, and the late Ismail Merchant, the IAAC's film festival has been able to bring cinema from one of the world's most vibrant film industries to audiences across New York City.
For the latest news, updates and ticket information about the New York Indian Film Festival, visit www.iaac.us.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: how to find nearest machine in terms of latency I have few servers, and would like to decide in my java client what is the nearest machine (with shortest time for tcp connection).
Is there any library who does that in java?
If not, what is the best way to do that?  I prefer to do that without actually connecting to the my server application if that is possible.

A: A simple way would be:
InetAddress.getByName(host).isReachable(timeOut)

Or with an Http client if you are willing to reach for an application rather than a host.
And measure time before and after, then sort the hosts.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


1) Create roles, imagined worlds, and improvised stories in a drama/theatre work.
Brainstorm ideas for roles, imaginary worlds, and stories.
Explore and articulate ideas for costumes for an improvised dramatic/ theatrical work.
Explore and articulate ideas for props for an improvised dramatic/ theatrical work.
Explore and articulate ideas for sets for an improvised dramatic/ theatrical work.
Explore and articulate ideas for setting for an improvised dramatic/ theatrical work.
Explore and articulate characters for an improvised dramatic/ theatrical work.
Collaborate to determine how characters might move in the dramatic/ theatrical work. Use high, medium, and low levels made by crouching, crawling, leaping, stretching to reach something high, etc.
Collaborate to determine how characters might speak in the dramatic/ theatrical work by improvising dialogue and the specific traits of various characters' voices (i.e., pitch, speed, volume).
Determine what the given circumstances are of a character in a dramatic/ theatrical work which include the elements that affect a character: his personal situation, the setting, events that are related to the character or historical period, and the character's motivation.
Use different methods (i.e., improvisational theater games, research) to devise original ideas for dramatic/ theatrical work.
Make choices with peers that will improve and deepen the group's dramatic/ theatrical work through the use of constructive criticism.
Collaborate with the group to fit within the parameters of the dramatic/ theatrical work. Staging choices may vary (i.e., Reader's Theater use of tableau, etc.).
Collaborate with peers to polish the group work to fit the parameters of the work.
Practice and refine or polish the design and technical choices for a devised or scripted dramatic/ theatrical work.
2) Explore and articulate ideas for costumes, props, and sets for the environment and characters in a drama/theatre work.
3) Collaborate to determine how characters might move and speak to support the story and given circumstances in drama/theatre work.
4) Participate in methods of investigation to devise original ideas for a drama/theatre work.
Example: Interview a grandparent to create a monologue from the perspective of someone born in another time period.
5) Compare ideas with peers and make selections that will enhance and deepen group drama/theatre work.
6) Collaborate with peers to revise, refine, and adapt ideas to fit the given parameters of a drama/theatre work.
7) Participate in and contribute to physical and vocal exploration in an improvised or scripted drama/theatre work.
8) Practice and refine design and technical choices to support a devised or scripted drama/theatre work.
9) Apply the elements of dramatic structure to a story and create a drama/theatre work.
Identify parts (see Freytag's pyramid) or other formats for dramatic plot structure and be able to identify examples of conflict in dialogue or short scenes.
Apply and use the elements of dramatic structure to create a dramatic/ theatrical work by mapping out a scene around some central conflict.
Participate in various physical exercises that can be used in a group setting for dramatic/ theatrical work to enhance expressiveness of movement and working as part of a group.
Participate in various vocal exercises that can be used in a group setting for dramatic/ theatrical work to work on relaxation, breathing, and articulation.
Participate in emotional/ mental exercises that can be used in a group setting for dramatic/ theatrical work, especially exercises that enhance concentration and recall.
Practice dramatic/ theatrical work individually.
Share reflections of the work individually.
Practice dramatic/ theatrical work in small groups.
Share reflections of the work in small groups.
Determine how sharing reflections enhances or harms the creative experience.
10) Investigate how movement and voice are incorporated into drama/theatre work.
11) Participate in a variety of physical, vocal, and emotional/mental exercises that can be used in a group setting for drama/theatre work.
12) Identify the basic technical elements that can be used in drama/theatre work.
Example: Identify costume and scenery needs for a small scene in class.
13) Practice drama/theatre work and share reflections individually and in small groups.
14) Make observations explaining why artistic choices are made in a drama/theatre work.
Make observations that explain why artistic choices were made in a dramatic/ theatrical work (e.g., being able to explain how movement, props, and other technical elements affect mood).
Explain meaning of cultural perspectives.
Practice identifying various cultural perspectives. Folktales from Africa, Native Americans, Japan, etc. and cultural figures such as Harriet Tubman, Mulan, etc., provide some good source material.
Consider multiple ways to develop a character using physical characteristics that reflect appropriate cultural perspectives (e.g., a warrior might walk with straight posture, a Chinese lady might make small, shuffling steps, etc.).
Consider multiple ways to develop a character using prop or costume design choices that reflect appropriate cultural perspectives (e.g., an old man may use a cane, a Japanese woman may carry a fan, a woman of African descent might wear a headscarf, etc.).
Recognize how audiences evaluate dramatic/ theatrical works (e.g., content, tone, technical elements, theme, etc.).
Identify what technical elements are (e.g., scenery, lighting, makeup and costume design, and props).
Identify and articulate technical elements found in multiple dramatic/ theatrical works.
Analyze the technical elements from multiple drama/ theatrical works. Be able to explain how they contribute to the story or characters in the work.
Explain what audience perspective is. Be able to articulate what your audience cares about, what might offend them, what they need and want, etc.
Evaluate and analyze problems and situations that arise in a dramatic/ theatrical work from an audience perspective. Explain how a work might be perceived from various perspectives (i.e., a sweet, old grandmother; a sad unloved, poor boy; a class clown, etc.) and how the work might need to change to work for those various audiences.
15) Identify multiple personal experiences when participating in or observing a drama/theatre work.
16) Consider multiple ways to develop a character using physical characteristics and prop or costume design choices that reflect appropriate cultural perspectives in drama/theatre work.
17) Examine how connections are made between oneself and a character's emotions in drama/theatre work.
18) Recognize how and why audiences evaluate drama/theatre work.
19) Consider and analyze technical elements from multiple drama/theatre works.
20) Evaluate and analyze problems and situations in a drama/theatre work from an audience perspective.
Example: Student audiences give peer assessment of student performances.
21) Use personal experiences and knowledge to make connections to community and culture in a drama/theatre work.
Connect personal experiences and knowledge to community and culture in a dramatic/ theatrical work (e.g., a commercial, a video, a skit, etc.).
Read or familiarize oneself with a particular story (e.g., "Jack and the Beanstalk", paying close attention to characterization and plot.
Explore how the story is adapted and presented historically in different art forms, genres, or dramatic/ theatrical conventions (e.g., the original Cornish version of" Jack and the Beanstalk" from the 1700s, wood engravings of the tale, and other illustrations through the centuries and decades, scenes in film from Abbott and Costello to Disney to the scene in the musical Into the Woods).
Explain how the plot and the depictions of the main characters have changed through the years. Suggest reasons why stories might have changed.
22) Identify connections to community, social issues, and other content areas in drama/theatre work.
23) Explore how stories are adapted from literature to drama/theatre work.
24) Examine how artists have historically presented the same stories using different art forms, genres, or drama/theatre conventions.


So private...Pretty wooded building lot in Cherokee Point, a Reynolds Lake Oconee Subdivision. Situate your dream home to capture seasonal views of the lake on the this peaceful, larger home site. Slight slope to land might accommodate a walkout basement design. Within a few miles of Lake Oconee "city" center. Development has a boat launch and community pavilion. Have a larger family? Make an offer on this lot and Lot #20 as a package.


text:
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EKF Diagnostics partners with medical school for kidney disease research
EKF Diagnostics announced on Thursday that its subsidiary Renalytix AI has signed an exclusive licence and collaboration agreement with New York's Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
Under the terms of the deal, the AIM-traded company will give Icahn School of Medicine access to its biomarkers and artificial intelligence technology for the purposes of researching patient data and identifying candidates who face the highest risk of progressive diabetic kidney disease.
Barbara Murphy, dean for clinical integration and population health and chair of the department of medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine and chair of the Renalytix AI scientific Advisory board said: "Our ability to apply the power of artificial intelligence against such a deep repository of data and disease specific biomarkers has the potential to change the game for all of our diabetic patients and other populations at risk for kidney disease."
The disease costs the US healthcare system $100bn per year, according to EKF Diagnostics.
Meanwhile, Renalytix AI will gain access to Mount Sinai's data warehouse, which contains 3m patient records, with the hope that this will aid the company in creating an advanced learning system to monitor and flag patients at risk for kidney disease.
Julian Baines, chief executive of EKF and executive chairman of Renalytix AI, said: "Coupling its technology with the Mount Sinai patient database will improve patient care in end stage renal disease, a significant unmet medical need. The fact that so many patients on dialysis have never seen a specialist has to change, both from a patient care and cost perspective. I believe that this partnership will result in Renalytix AI being leaders in the field of kidney care, alongside Mount Sinai."
Following the completion of the agreement Mount Sinai has committed to participation in testing thousands of at-risk patients in a $6m clinical utility study in 2019.
Subject to funding, the company will then seek to develop and launch a product for the early identification and management of kidney disease.
As of 1610 BST, EKF Diagnostics' shares were up 7.62% at 33.90p.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


ATHENS, Ohio – Ohio track and field has signed eight future Bobcats to the program. The Green and White would like to welcome Payton Grigsby, Alaya Grose, Jocelyn Knauss, Autumn Mohan, Lauren Parrell, Briahna Sark, Halie Sciury, and Rachel Simpson to the Bobcat family, head coach Clay Calkins announced this month.
"We are excited about the future of Ohio Track & Field, coach Calkins said. "We believe these ladies will be great contributors in the years ahead."
Grigsby lettered in cross country for three years and track for four years at Wadsworth High School under coaches Matthew McConnell and John Burton. Lists her personal bests as 5:13 in the 1600m, 2:18 in the 800m, 11:42 in the 3200m, and 19:13 in the 5K. She was named team captain from the 2016-2018 seasons. Grigsby received several awards First and Second Team All-Conference awards for cross country and track throughout her career as well as Athlete of the Week awards in local newspapers and radio stations.
Grigsby is the daughter of Jeff and Tina Grigsby and has one sister, Paige, and one brother, Cole. She plans to major in Psychology/Art to become an art therapist.
Grose lettered in track for four years at Mansfield Senior High School under coach Tyree Shine. She was named track and field team captain for the 2016-2017 season. Grose was earned MVP, First Team All-Conference, All-Ohio, and the Coaches Award during her 2014-2017 career and was a state finalist for the 100m hurdles, 4x100, and 4x200 relays from 2015-2017. She currently holds her high school's record in the 100m hurdles with a time of 14.37.
Grose is the daughter of Ali and Antoinette Grose and has one sister, Joslyn, and six brothers, Ali, Tyrell, Angelo, Aveon, Jaiden, and Anthony. Plans to major in Criminology.
Knauss ran cross country for four years and track for two years at Strongsville High School under coach John Syroney. She was named cross country captain during the 2017 season. Throughout her high school career, garnered First Team All-Conference awards in 2015 and 2016, MVP in 2016, Most Improved Runner in 2015, and was an individual regional qualifier in 2016. Knauss currently holds the record for the 3200m with a time of 11:08.60.
Knauss is the daughter of Sharon and Mark Knauss and has two sisters, Gabriella and Hanna. Plans to major in Biological Sciences to become a Physicians Assistant.
Mohan ran cross country and track for four years Unioto High School under coach Liza Elliot. She was named captain the cross country team in 2017 and the track and field team in the 2017 and 2018 seasons. She was awarded the Academic All-Ohioan 2016 and 2017, qualified for state eight times and made it to the podium four times throughout her career, helped her team to become three-time conference and district champions and regional runner-ups once. Mohan currently holds her high school discus record at 138' 1" and also the record in the weight throw.
Mohan is the Daughter of Kerry and Shawn Mohan and has two younger sisters, Abbey and Addison, and one younger brother, Macklin. Plans to major in Exercise Science to obtain a doctorate in physical therapy.
Parrell ran cross country and track at Brighton High School under coach Kristi Matuszewski. She posted three personal-bests in the 2015 season clocking a 2:22 in the 800m, a 5:19 time in the 1600m and an 18:46 in the 5K and she clocked an 11:06 in the 3200m in the 2017 season. She was named cross country team captain in 2017 and track team captain in 2018. She helped her cross country team become state runner-ups in 2015, conference champions in 2014, and regional champions in 2015, 2016 and 2017 seasons. Parrell received several accolades throughout her career including multiple First Team All-Conference, First Team All-County and First Team All-Region awards in cross country and track.
Parrell is the daughter of Eric and Heather Parrel and has one older brother, Connor who currently runs cross country for Ohio. Plans to major in nutrition to become a dietician.
Sark lettered in track at Lancaster High School under coaches Aaron Henwood, Kevin Miller, and Heather Powers. She earned the MVP Throws in 2016 and 2017 and was named All-OCC for the 2016 and 2017 seasons, as well.
Daughter of Bret and JoLena Sark and has three sisters; Brittany, Brienne, and JaciLynn; and one brother, Braeden. Plans to major in Psychology.
Sciury lettered all four years in track under coach Jason Calkins at Sandy Valley High School while also playing soccer all four years and football for one. She was named First Team IVC for the 2015 and 2016 seasons; Second Team All-County, All-Academic Ohio, and placed eighth at the indoor meet at state in the long jump in 2016; and placed fourth in long jump at the state meet in 2017. Sciury currently holds the school long jump record at 17' 8" and the IVC Conference record as well as the 4x400m school record of 4:13.04 both posted in 2016.
Sciury is the daughter of Joseph and Susan Sciury and has one older brother, Dakota. She plans to major in Marketing to acquire a position with a sports team in the marketing department.
Simpson earned four varsity letters for track at Port Clinton High School under coach Seth Benner and Phil Fought. Competed in 60 track meets and counting and was named the throwing team captain her junior and senior season. In her junior year, she was named Throws MVP.
Simpson is the daughter of Jennifer and William Simpson and has one brother, Dylan. Plans to major to become a defense attorney.
Ohio track and field returns to action for the 2017-18 indoor season this week as they travel to the Marshall Opener in Huntington, W. Va. on Dec. 7.


This new construction, quick move-in home is the "Milan" plan by Pulte Homes, and is located in the community of The Highcrest at Meadow Walk - Townhome Collection at 13 Farmstead Lane, Sudbury, MA-01776. This Townhome inventory home is priced at $791,845 and has 2 bedrooms, 2 baths, 1 half baths, is 2,160 square feet, and has a 2-car garage. The Builder describes this home as: "Quick move available". Listing provided by newhomesource.com.
Hello, I'd like more information about the listing I found on Homes.com at 13 Farmstead Lane.
This home is located at 13 Farmstead Lane Sudbury, MA 01776 US and has been listed on Homes.com since 1 January 2019 and is currently priced at $791,845, approximately $367 per square foot. Similar properties nearby are 180 Marlboro Rd and 511 Potter Rd.


Placed: G16,G14,D16(3 wks). Veale on 4 now but top rider, up, looks ready to win.
Placed: G16,G16,G16,G14(3 wks). In good form & Marcus takes the ride, respect.
Placed: E14,D14,G19,G18,(15 wks). Looks better than last two & drawn best of all.
Placed: G12,G14,E16,D20,E16,D16(6 wks). Often loses a lengths at the start but capable on form.
Placed: G16,G17,(7 wks). Can progress back on the poly.
Placed: G19,G20,G20,G16,G14,G16,G14,G18,G14,G14,G18,G14,G14,G14,G16,G18,G14,(10 wks). Best MR:67.
Placed: S12,G12,G12,Q10,D10,G16,G14,(7 wks). Best MR:64. Much better than excusable last run.
Blinkers OFF. Best MR:43. Poor form but still lightly raced.
Sister to:BANNER HILL6g(19: 6, 7),BELIEVE ME4f(12: 4, 2), Poor debut but tries a mile now, follow.
Placed: G16,(25 wks). Sister to:LADY LINDA6m(16: 1, 8),TIGRESS POEM7m(18: 1, 5),THE GREAT VICT5g( 6: 1, 2) Drawn widest but has scope.


Leyla Ilkham gyzy Aliyeva was born on 3rd July 1985, in Moscow.
In 2000 she graduated from Queen's College in London, and entered the European Business School (EBS).
From 2006 until 2008 Leyla Aliyeva studied for her Master's degree at MGIMO (Moscow State Institute for International Affairs) in Moscow. She remained the President of the MGIMO Azerbaijan Club until 2010.
Since the 10th of May 2007 Leila Aliyeva has headed the representation of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation in the Russian Federation.
On 19th December 2007 Leila Aliyeva first launched the glossy magazine BAKU in Moscow, and has remained its Chief Editor since then.
From 8th May 2008 Leila Aliyeva launched the social initiative "Justice For Khojaly" – a campaign on behalf of the bereaved and those left destitute as a result of hostilities in the Daghlig Garabagh conflict.
Also in May 2008 she became the General Coordinator of the O.I.C. Youth Forum for international dialogue.
Leyla Aliyeva was made the Chair of AYOR – the Azerbaijan Youth Organisation of Russia – in April 2009.
Since 2011 Leyla Aliyeva has been the Vice-President of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation.
In July 2011 Leyla Aliyeva was awarded the Tereggi Medal for her achievements in inspiring Azerbaijanis living abroad, and bringing information about today's Azerbaijan to the attention of the wider world community.
On July 12, 2011, following Leyla Aliyeva's initiative, IDEA (International Dialogue for Environmental Action) Public Union started its activity.
In October 2011 Leyla Aliyeva launched the new English-language version of Baku Magazine in London.
In November 2011 in New York, Leyla Aliyeva was granted the "Key To Life" award – recognition of her continued involvement in humanitarian projects benefiting children.
On November 22nd 2011 Leyla Aliyeva received a special Certificate and Commendation from the United Nations.
On October 7th 2013, at the behest of Patriarch Kirill of All Russia, Mrs Leyla Aliyeva was bestowed twith he honour of the Holy Order Of St Olga, Apostelian Princesss (Third Class).
On 20 December 2013, she was awarded the Saint Princess Olga Medal of the 3rd degree and the medal "For Services to Volgograd Region"
In May of 2015, Mrs Leyla Aliyeva was awarded the title of Goodwill Ambassador by the Food & Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations - for her role in the fight against hunger, and her achievements in goals including food security, increased performance in the fields of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and the creation of healthy systems of food.
On 20 October 2015, she was awarded Russian Federation's "Pushkin" Medal. On 4 November 2015, at a reception in honour of the People's Unity Day, Russian President Vladimir Putin presented the "Pushkin" Medal to Leyla Aliyeva.
On September 28, 2016, by a decision of the Moscow State International Relations Institute's Scientific Council, she was conferred on "Medal of Merit".


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Andy Serkis Signed As Gollum In 'Hobbit'
By Mike Fleming Jr
Mike Fleming Jr
Co-Editor-in-Chief, Film
@DeadlineMike
More Stories By Mike
Issa López To Write/Direct Searchlight Adaptation Of Matthew Baker Short 'Lost Souls;' Noah Hawley Producing
Matt Damon To Re-Team With 'Ford V Ferrari' Helmer James Mangold On Don Winslow Novel 'The Force'
Briarcliff Entertainment Acquires U.S. Rights To 'Honest Thief;' Action Thriller Stars Liam Neeson & Kate Walsh
EXCLUSIVE: I'm told that Andy Serkis has closed his deal to bring back Gollum in The Hobbit, the two films that Peter Jackson will direct in New Zealand starting in February. Serkis will join returning cast members Cate Blanchett and Elijah Wood. Wood's participation was made official last week after Deadline first revealed his negotiations. According to sources, others who appeared in The Lord of the Rings poised to return at this point include Ian McKellen (who's still working out a deal to return as Gandalf in a major role), Christopher Lee is in talks to reprise the wizard Saruman, and Ian Holm to return as an older version of Bilbo Baggins (Martin Freeman is playing that title role in the two new movies). I've written in the past about a possible reprise of Orlando Bloom's Legolas, but it's unclear at this point if he'll be back.
There was no confirmation from the Serkis' camp, but the character certainly fits a small but important role in the storyline of the JRR Tolkien book. Bilbo is on an epic quest with Gandalf and 13 dwarves led by their King, Thorin Oakenshield, to reclaim the Lonely Mountain and strike down the talking dragon Smaug (I'd heard last year Bill Nighy was a possible to voice Smaug, but have heard nothing since). During that journey, Bilbo wanders into Gollum's lair and finds the Ring of Power. Serkis will likely be there early in the shoot. The chamelon actor, who has become a fixture in Jackson's movies, will do reshoots for The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn. Serkis plays Captain Haddock in the film, a collaboration between Jackson and Steven Spielberg. Spielberg directed the first Tintin film, but it's being posted at Jackson's New Zealand facilities. The Hobbit, a partnership between Warner Bros and MGM, is now being fully financed by Warner Bros, which will distribute worldwide.
This article was printed from	https://deadline.com/2011/01/andy-serkis-signed-to-reprise-gollum-in-the-hobbit-95307/


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Iain Armitage Age, Biography, Family, Education, Wiki, Career, Movies, TV Shows, Height, Awards & Net Worth – Celebsupdate
Iain Armitage Age, Biography, Family, Education, Wiki, Career, Movies, TV Shows, Height, Awards & Net Worth
Iain Armitage Biography
Iain Armitage Age & Biography:
Family Info:
Category: Actors
American Actors
Iain Armitage is a skilled American youngster actor and theater critic. He was born on 15 July 2008 in Georgia, United States. Iain Armitage age is 12 years
. He is celebrated for his role in Young Sheldon and in Big Little Lies.
Famous Name: Iain Armitage
Full Name: Iain Armitage
Gander: Male
Birthplace: Georgia, United States
Net Worth: $3 Million Dollar (As in 2020)
Famous for: He is famous for his role in Young Sheldon and in Big Little Lies
Father: Euan Morton
Mother: Lee Armitage
He is the child of famous actor Euan Morton, who was born in Falkirk, Scotland, and theater maker Lee Armitage. It was accounted for that he was named after Sir Ian McKellen. He is the grandson of previous United States Deputy Secretary of State Richard Lee Armitage.
Height: 4 feet 11 inches (1.5 m)
Eyes Color: Blue
Hairs Color: Blonde
Body Shape: Mesomorph
Zodiac Sign: Cancer
1st Tv (Show): Impractical Jokers (2014)
1st Movie/Drama: The Glass Castle (2017)
Armitage initially picked up noticeable quality for his YouTube arrangement Iain Loves Theater where he investigated theater. His recordings grabbed the eye of the theater business including two or three specialists who needed to sign him up. He filled in as a reporter for Perez Hilton and was even referred to in the initial number of the show.
In 2017, Armitage featured in a scene of Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, playing a small kid, Theo Lachere, who has been grabbed. He showed up in Impractical Jokers "Post Below", where he was conversed with by Murr in "Who Let The Dogs Out?", in the second test of that scene. He played Ziggy Chapman in the HBO miniseries Big Little Lies and he showed up in The Glass Castle, a film variation of Jeannette Walls' diary of a similar name. He was additionally in the movies I'm Not Here and Our Soul at Night, which likewise featured Jane Fonda and Robert Redford.
In 2017, he was given a role as a youngster in Young Sheldon, a prequel to the sitcom The Big Bang Theory. What's more, he showed up in a scene of The Big Bang Theory. In 2020, Armitage voices in the film Scoob!
The Glass Castle (2017) (Young Brian Walls)
Our Souls at Night (2017) (Jamie Moore)
I'm Not Here (2017) (Stevie)
Scoob! (2020) (Young Shaggy Rogers)
PAW Patrol: The Movie (2021) (TBA)
Impractical Jokers (2014) (Himself)
Little Big Shots (2016) (Guest judge)
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2017) (Theo Lachere)
Big Little Lies (2017-2019) (Ziggy Chapman)
Young Sheldon (2017-present) (Sheldon Cooper)
Jeopardy! (2018) (Video Clue giver)
The Big Bang Theory (2018) (Young Sheldon Cooper)
Nickelodeon's Unfiltered (2020) (Himself)
Group Chat with Jayden & Brent (2020) (Himself)
Young Artist Awards
Iain Armitage net worth is assessed to be $3 Million Dollar as in 2020. He is likewise capable youngster actor.
ALSO READ Ambyr Childers Age, Biography, Family, Wiki, Education, Career Debut, Movies, TV Shows, Husband & Net Worth - Celebsupdate
Categories Lyrics Tags Age, Armitage, Awards, Biography, Career, Celebsupdate, Education, Family, Height, Iain, Movies, Net, Shows, Wiki, Worth Post navigation
Ahsaas Channa Age, Biography, Family, Education, Wiki, Career, Movies, TV Shows, Height, Awards & Net Worth – Celebsupdate
Ghani Bawri song Lyrics – Tanu Weds Manu Returns(2015) Jyoti Nooran,R. Madhavan,Kangana Ranaut,Jimmy Shergill


text:
O São Paulo Futebol Clube foi um clube esportivo brasileiro que era sediado no centro da cidade de Florianópolis, no estado de Santa Catarina. Suas cores eram vermelho, preto e branco.

Títulos
 Campeão Citadino de Florianópolis - 1967

Clubes de futebol extintos de Santa Catarina
Futebol de Florianópolis
Clubes de futebol fundados em 1953
Fundações em Santa Catarina em 1953

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
www.lung.org > Lung Health and Diseases > Lung Disease Lookup > Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS, is a viral disease that can cause lung infection and kidney failure in humans. It is transmitted from camels and bats to humans. It can also be transmitted by human-to-human contact.
Learn About Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
MERS primarily causes infection of the lungs and affects breathing. It may also cause damage to the kidneys and other organs.
Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Symptoms, Causes and Risk Factors
The MERS virus causes a flu-like disease with pneumonia in most cases. However, it is important to distinguish it from other diseases with similar symptoms. A history of travel to affected areas, particularly the Middle East, and contact with patients known to be infected with the MERS virus are helpful for early detection.
Diagnosing and Treating Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
While early diagnosis of MERS is important for preventing complications and viral spread, many patients are not diagnosed initially, and usually develop more severe illness.
Recovering from Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Patients with MERS may have mild to severe disease. Younger patients without prior medical problems usually do well and recover completely. Patients with severe disease may require longer hospitalizations and have a higher risk of death.
Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
People in the United States who did not travel to areas where MERS usually occurs are at very low risk of infection. However, if you develop new respiratory symptoms or fever and have recently traveled, lived or come in contact with someone in one of these areas, you should see your healthcare provider. Here are some questions to ask.
This content was developed in partnership with the CHEST Foundation, the philanthropic arm of the American College of Chest Physicians.
Lung Procedures, Tests & Treatment


Donald Trump on the stump is like the advertising for Spirit Airlines: childish, offensive and crude--and extremely effective with a certain segment of low-information consumers.
Speaking of Spirit, Delta's Basic Economy, the stripped-down coach price offered in many markets where Delta and Spirit compete, shows how phony these low-fare/high-fee rates truly are. Delta says 65 percent of travelers who start booking Basic Economy end up switching to higher fare categories because they realize there's no actual value in the quoted low Spirit-style rate.
Michael Matthews wrote last month about how few "amazing" hotel experiences he's had in his career. I am happy to report I had an amazing one last weekend in Dublin. My flight from New York arrived at dawn on Saturday morning. Even after walking both terminals at Dublin Airport and spending an hour in Aer Lingus' new business-class arrivals lounge, I found myself in the lobby of the Conrad hotel around 8:15 a.m.
The front-desk clerk quickly found my reservation, waived the 3 p.m. check-in time and gave me an upgraded room. He handed me a chit for breakfast and another for a drink at the hotel's terrific pub. When he heard I'd be checking out at the crack of dawn the next morning, he booked a cab for my 4:30 a.m. departure and offered to arrange a wake-up call and delivery of a cup of tea. When I told him I'd be back at the Conrad for another stay 36 hours later, he summoned a bellman who offered to come to my room at any time and collect whatever bag I might want to leave behind. When I hit the lobby next morning, the same bellman was waiting for me at the check-out desk with the cabbie in tow.
The repugnant airline-industry trade group, which uses the Orwellian name Airlines For America, opposes a rise in the passenger-facility charge, the $4.50-a-flight fee most airports charge to fund facilities and operations. The equally repugnant Rep. John Mica (R-FL), who is usually on board with anything his airline contributors tell him to want, prefers to increase the federal cap on PFCs so his hometown airports in Orlando can charge more. He's introduced a bill to cap checked-bag fees at $4.50. See the repugnant political game going on? If not, Bloomberg News explains it all.
I checked my dictionary and was surprised. You'd think there'd be a German word for "hoping both sides fail miserably and fall into a vat of acid," wouldn't you?
Speaking of Germany, you know German chancellor Angela Merkel insisted Greece accept a brutal package of "austerity measures," including allowing Sunday shopping. But I was in Hamburg last Sunday and you could shoot a cannon down the main shopping streets. Not a single retail shop was open even though there were many visitors in town for a major triathlon event.
By the way, the austerity package also required Greece to raise its VAT to 23 percent and slap it on a lot of items that were once exempt. So next time you visit, expect to pay more for meals, hotels and almost anything, including bread.
Several of you sent me this Rolling Stone story about a blogger who flies around the world for the supposed thrill of it all and literally doesn't have a home. You may recall that it's the same guy who tried to get you to pay for his $25,000 ride on Etihad Airways. Look, folks, I don't care about this feckless infant's lifestyle. It's a free country (in his case, almost literally) and if he wants to live an empty, pointless and emotionally bankrupt life, it really is his choice.
That said, I do object to the gullible mainstream media making believe this kid knows anything about business travel, which is what we do with real money, real purpose and real consequences. And I object when some fool at CNN uses him as the sole source for a supposed trend story about "a special breed of travelers" who fly weird routes to slurp airline wine.
The Canadian dollar has fallen to 77 U.S. cents. More Tim Hortons for me.
Just one problem with going to Canada: Several U.S. travelers I know have recently been turned back at the border for decades-old minor offenses such as marijuana possession. Now that the U.S. government is feeding our permanent records to Canadian authorities, Canadian border officers have been empowered to keep out anyone whose old infractions are a lot less offensive than a Tim Horton hip check.
The Big Three U.S. airlines are rushing to "upgauge" their fleets, swapping out 30-to-50-seat regional jets for larger RJs, putting Boeing 717s and 737s on routes they'd once busted down to RJs and even placing the odd Boeing 757 or widebody on routes once "downgauged" to 737s or Airbus A319s and A320s. This is generally good for us, of course, and sound business strategy since flying larger aircraft reduces airline costs. But airline executives act as if they were forced at gunpoint to downgauge in earlier years.
I want you to imagine the scene, fellow travelers. Thugs from Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier and Embraer, wielding knives or shotguns and maybe hopped up on drugs that would get you kicked out of Canada, threatening frightened and weak-willed airline executives. "Buy our crappy, tiny planes," the aircraft-making thugs threaten, "or we'll ..." Geez, I should have thought out this joke better. What could they possibly have threatened?
There's a hotel building boom and lodging glut in Brooklyn, home to hipsters, holier-than-thou former Manhattanites and haughty makers of artisan everything. I looked on TripAdvisor and there are 54 existing properties in my old hometown. And a Brooklyn College journalist did a story about the boom of B&Bs in decidedly unhip parts of Brooklyn like my old neighborhood. All this astounds me since I wrote a column in 1998 about the opening of the first hotel in Brooklyn in 60 years.
Speaking of ridiculous lodging stories, Oakland this weekend slaps an additional $1.50-a-night tax on hotel stays in the stressed city across the bay from San Francisco. 'Cause, yeah, more taxes will make me want to stay in Oakland.
United Airlines reported record second-quarter earnings today and that ensures perpetually clueless chief executive Jeff Smisek will live to torture us for at least another quarter or two. But, man, the guy is a space cadet, as you can see by this astonishing, self-delusional interview.
As we have long known, United is phasing out its awful international first-class product, but Smisek's claim that first is only for "subsidized Gulf carriers" is truly bizarre. Have any of his C-suite acolytes told him that his transatlantic joint-venture partner, Lufthansa, has more aircraft outfitted with international first class than any carrier in the world? Is he aware that his primary transatlantic competitor, British Airways, has almost as many planes with first as Lufthansa? Does he know that his key transpacific partners, Singapore Airlines and All Nippon Airways, have lavish first-class service? Has anyone bothered to tell him that Qatar Airways, one of the "subsidized Gulf carriers," is getting rid of most of its first-class cabins?
It's nifty to see all these pictures coming from Pluto. But I do feel bad for Goofy.
By the way, it got lost in all the other coverage, but did you see that Donald Trump called Pluto "a loser, the worst in the solar system" because it is now classified as a dwarf planet?


I am ocean views hard to describe.
I am chic restaurants and trendy roasteries.
I am cocktails at sunset across the bay.
I am a mere feet from the mecca of the Waterfront.
I am the turquoise coastline.
I am Atlantic Seaboard Agent, Minette Munitz.
Hi, I'm Minette Munitz and I have been working with Pam Golding Properties since 1996. I specialise in residential property sales in Bantry Bay, Fresnaye, Sea Point and Green Point. When I am not doing that I enjoy reading and travelling to see my family, who live overseas.
I graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematical Statistics from the University of Cape Town. My Real Estate Qualification is FETC Real Estate.
Since property has always been my passion, I entered the world of Real Estate in 1989 and I have been fortunate enough to work on the Atlantic Seaboard since then. My passion for helping others, alongside my commitment to excellence, allows me to go above and beyond what is expected of me. I pride myself on providing outstanding client satisfaction by offering trusted advice and market insight.
In the last financial year I have, together with my team, concluded sales to the value of R280 million, which resulted in me qualifying for the prestigious Emerald Club award and a trip to New York.
Please feel free to contact me to discuss how I can assist you with your property requirements.


City of Powell River mayor Dave Formosa.
Powell River's economic development prospects are progressing.
At the Tuesday, April 2, committee of the whole meeting, mayor Dave Formosa reported on the Townsite cannabis facility, and airport development.
Formosa said he had an interesting phone call from Alex Coleman, chief executive officer of TILT, the company operating the cannabis facility in the old mill office in Townsite, formerly known as Santé Veritas Therapeutics.
"I'm pleased to announce that we should see them in full swing very soon," said Formosa.
The mayor said he asked about the number of jobs that would be created and Coleman could not confirm, but that he would get back to the mayor for an overview. He said TILT has become a large corporation and that it is a fully integrated company, with the Powell River operation being a part of it.
Formosa said Powell River is going to become the company's research centre, so it will be conducting research into both consumer and medicinal products.
Formosa said the city owns the building that the company occupies and TILT pays a handsome lease. The city is also receiving taxes.
The company does have an option to purchase the facility, according to the mayor.
"It's been a win and it will continue to be a win," said Formosa.
Formosa also said he and staff met with representatives of Gaoshi (Canada) Holdings, the company that signed the long-term lease at Powell River Airport. He said they talked about logistics around the project they are wanting to do at the airport and the issues of working with Transport Canada and all of the restrictions they have on them, and the city has upon itself as landlord.
Formosa said the leaseholders are still trying to get a fence around the property. They also want to go in and brush the lands so they can start doing more detailed work on the upgrades to the land, he added.
Formosa said the leaseholders seem committed.
Gaoshi Holdings has a $600,000 99-year lease with City of Powell River for 4.6 hectares of airport property.
Phase one of the project will include two buildings: one for mixed used and the other for a hanger that will fit two commuter aircraft similar in size to those used by Pacific Coastal Airlines. Plans for the two-storey mixed-use building include a comfortable lounge area for passengers and a cafeteria.


text:
Molekulska formula -{C8H16}- se može odnositi na:
 Ciklooktan
 Okten


text:
import React, { Component } from "react";
import {Button,TextField } from "@material-ui/core";
import SearchIcon from "@material-ui/icons/Search";
import { withStyles } from "@material-ui/core";
import { fmconnection } from "constants/connection";
import PropTypes from "prop-types";

const styles = theme => ({
  root: {
    padding: "2px 4px",
    display: "flex",
    alignItems: "center",
    width: 400
  },
  row: {
    width: "60%",
    display: "flex",
    flexDirection: "row"
  },
  formControl: {
    minWidth: 180
  },
  input: {
    marginLeft: 8,
    flex: 1
  },
  iconButton: {
    padding: 10
  },
  divider: {
    width: 1,
    height: 28,
    margin: 4
  },
  button: {
    marginLeft: theme.spacing(1)
  }
});

class SearchBar extends Component {

  state = {
    productName: "",
    isSearching: false
  };

  componentDidMount(){
    fmconnection.get("/productTypes").then(res => {
      const {productTypes} = res.data.productTypeList
      this.setState({
        productTypes: productTypes,
        productTypeName: productTypes[0].name})
    }).catch(err => console.error(err))
  }

  handleChange = (e) => {
    this.setState({ [e.target.name]: e.target.value });
  }

  onSearch = () => {
    setTimeout(() => {
        this.props.onQueryTimeout({ isQueryTimedOut: true });
    },3000);
    this.setState({isSearching: true})
    this.props.onSearch(this.state.productName)
  }

  render() {
    const { classes } = this.props;
    return (

        <TextField
          id="outlined-basic"
          label="Product name"
          fullWidth
          className={classes.formControl}
          value={this.state.productName}
          onChange={this.handleChange}
          name="productName"
          variant="outlined"
        />

        <Button
          startIcon={<SearchIcon />}
          variant="contained"
          size="large"
          className={classes.button}
          onClick={this.onSearch}
          color="primary"
        >
          Search products
        </Button>

    );
  }
}

SearchBar.propTypes = {
  classes: PropTypes.object.isRequired,
  onSearch: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
  onQueryTimeout:PropTypes.func,
};

export default withStyles(styles)(SearchBar);


text:
2018 Perchville Royalty
With the 68th annual Perchville USA winter festival quickly approaching, February 1-4, event organizers have announced that the 2018 Perchville King and Queen are Dareck and Kristin Cherwinski.
"The Cherwinski's are a fantastic selection for Perchville royalty," said Annge Horning, President of the Tawas Area Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors. "Crowning a King and Queen for Perchville is a long-standing tradition to honor individuals who give back to our community and Dareck and Kristin really exemplify this spirit of giving."
Dareck grew up in Vanderbilt in northern Michigan, together he and Kristin moved to the Tawases in 2002, which is also the year they got married (Kristin grew up in Wisconsin and Indiana). Dareck travels throughout Michigan doing maintenance, wire-lining and anything else Cobra Oil & Gas needs him to do on their oil wells. Kristin works part time at State Farm Insurance and has also opened her own business with her twin sister, Erin, nearly three years ago, Twisted Twinz Emporium, a retail shop in Tawas City that sells unique goods and artist's works as well as offering a full schedule of art classes. She loves that the store gives her the ability to be involved in the community and share her creativity.
Dareck and Kristin love doing things for others. Kristin explains it by saying "We think a good deed every day just makes the world a better place." Dareck agrees, saying "Anything we can do to put money back into our community and help others in need, we do." The Cherwinski's have had a ton of success at doing both: by channeling another of their interests, riding their Harley Davidson Motorcycle, they have organized the highly successful "Rug Rats Ride," which has raised over $17,000 for Tawas area youth organizations. The ride takes place in early June each year; the couple and their team of organizers are currently reviewing applications to decide who will be the recipient of this year's event proceeds.
Dareck and Kristin are also involved in organizing another fundraising ride in West Branch, named Reece's Ride. Originally started to raise college tuition for the daughter of a close friend who tragically passed away, the success of the annual ride means that they will soon be able to start raising tuition for another student. They hope to continue the event to help as many students as possible continue their education. Dareck tries to explain their motivation, saying "in our group of friends, we're really a tightknit family and we want to help them. We love people who love kids."
The Cherwinskis are involved members at the local Moose lodge, aiding in the organization of that group's events like the Chocolate Extravaganza, Moose on Bikes, which has helped dozens of local families by supplying gifts and necessities to families at Christmas, and other retirement and kid's programs. They also belong to the East Tawas Church of the Nazarene.
Kristin gives her time endlessly to area kids, she was Cub Master for many years, volunteers at Clara Bolen Elementary every Tuesday with the accelerating reading program, and also volunteers her time through the District Library system by teaching art classes to kids in Tawas, Oscoda, and Hale. She was also involved helping with costumes for the most recent Witz End/WE Players production.
Dareck takes up the cause and organizes his friends and acquaintances to help people he sees in need, whether it's a fundraiser for a close friend or a call out for support for a local resident whenever he sees a need. The couple explains that anyone can fall on hard times, but they believe that a simple act of kindness can really help turn someone's life around. "We have this one life to make a difference," says Kristin, "God put us all here to help other people."
The couple also organized and supported a Buy Local campaign and Facebook page called the "Tawas Area Cash Mob" for at least five years. Once or twice a month, they would randomly pick a local business then challenge everyone they knew to visit that business and buy something, no matter how big or little. This effort, especially during the slow winter months, was a huge success at helping local businesses make extra sales and gain familiarity with a wider audience.
The couple has two sons, Zane and Keegan. Zane is a 2012 Tawas graduate who is newly married and settled in Illinois working as an engineer. Keegan is a freshman at Tawas Area Schools and has been in Cub Scouts and also has an artistic streak. Kristin and Dareck are very proud of both of their sons.
Kristin and Dareck are both so excited to represent the community as Perchville King and Queen. They annually host numerous out-of-town friends to come to Tawas for the Perchville celebration. Make sure to say "thanks" to the Cherwinskis for all that they do for the community when you see them during Perchville.
A Junior King and Queen will also reign over the Perchville festivities. Junior royalty is nominated by their peers and selected from area 5th, 6th, and 7th graders. According to Tawas Area Chamber of Commerce managing director, Penny Payea, the selection criteria is similar to the adults. "The Junior King and Queen were chosen based on outstanding character, community service, leadership, or academic achievement. We are so pleased to present this year's Junior King and Queen: Joshua Wooton and Katelyn Papenfus."
Joshua Wooton is a 6th grader at Holy Family School who represents the outstanding character of a Junior Perchville King. His parents are Charles and Joan Wooton, and has four siblings: Savannah, Landon, Emma, and Jack. He enjoys math and plays trumpet, as well as being very involved in church and school activities, including altar service and singing. He was nominated by his classmate who said "he is honest, fair, a great leader, and he accepts responsibilities for his actions." Josh says he "loves having a big family, spending time with them and doing things outside." He helps out with his family's farm animals and likes learning how to help his dad fix things. He is looking forward to seeing the Polar Bear Swim and says that "his goal is to have a good day and be a better person."
Katelyn Papenfus is a 7th grader at Tawas Area Middle School who stays very busy, participating in ice skating, competitive cheerleading, altar service and youth group at Holy Family, does plays at Witz End, and likes to go horseback riding. Her parents are Alissa and John Parnicky and Kraig and Erin Papenfus. The classmate who nominated Katelyn explained, "She is the kindest, friendliest, most thoughtful, and just downright best person you'll ever meet." The nomination also stated, "Katelyn is always showing some sort of act of kindness. For example, she helps out with the Salvation Army. Not many kids our age take the time to stand out in the cold and ring that bell." Katelyn explains her outlook on life: "My goal every day is to make at least one person smile or laugh." It's obvious that Katelyn takes the time to help others: listening to friends, asking how classmates are doing, saying the right thing to make people feel better, running errands for teachers, and always with a big smile on her face. Katelyn has big plans for the future, too: she sees Ferris State University in her future to become a dentist. She is looking forward to being the Junior Perchville Queen, and especially being in the parade.
The junior royalty will participate in the Coronation Breakfast and also preside over the Family Tent during Perchville.
The community is encouraged to join the Perchville celebration and congratulate our 2018 Royalty at the Coronation Breakfast on Saturday, January 27th at the East Tawas Community Center. Admission to the breakfast celebration is just a $5 Perchville button, which are on sale at local businesses throughout town, at the Chamber and will be sold at the breakfast.
Attendees to the breakfast will also have an opportunity to enjoy some fun Perchville style entertainment and win great prizes.
For a complete schedule of Perchville activities, visit tawas.com or call the Chamber at (989) 362-8643. Event schedules are posted throughout town and are available at the Chamber.


text:
Barbara Aichinger January 16, 2019 @ 5:02PM
by Barbara Aichinger | Jan 16, 2019 | LPDDR4 Memory |
Hello Memory Enthusiasts! Please see here a guest post by the distinguished Patrick Moran Thanks Pat for allowing the repost!
LPDDR4 was introduced in 2014 about two years after LPDDR3. This was probably the fastest transition for a new generation memory ever in JEDEC history. New products and features being introduced into the mobile ecosystem requiring faster and lower power memory propelled the fast development. LPDDR4 succeeded in increasing maximum data rates from 1866 Mbps to 3200 Mbps. But active power results for initial products were disappointing since operating voltage was reduced by only 7%.
The industry responded with LPDDR4X early in 2017. The 'X' stands for 'eXtra' or 'eXtended'. It headlined lower I/O voltage to save system power and new features to kick the data rate from 3200 to 4266 Mbps. Today it has replaced the original LPDDR4 for new designs (LPDDR4 remains available for legacy systems.)
Think of LPDDR4X as LPDDR4 done right.
What makes a good LP DRAM and where did LPDDR4 come up short?
Two things really – active power and standby power.
Maximum active power occurs when the mobile device is operating at full speed, for example playing an action game, and includes memory device power and the power the system uses to operate the memory. An aggressive goal for a new generation of LP DRAM might be the same power at its full speed for the new generation LP DRAM. For example, a LPDDR4 at its max speed of 3200 Mbps might consume the same power as a LPDDR3 operating at its max speed of 1600 Mbps. The least aggressive goal would be that active power remains the same at a given speed (e.g. LPDDR3 and LPDDR4 consuming the same power at 1600 Mbps with LPDDR4 power increasing above 1600 Mbps).
Standby power broadly refers to power consumed by the device when it is waiting for the user to awaken it. A reasonable goal is for the new generation device to consume less power than its predecessor using an apples-to-apples technology comparison. For example, an 8Gb LPDDR3 memory built with 2y nm technology compared to an 8Gb LPDDR4 memory built on the same tech node.
Improvements can from either reducing memory voltages or inventing new operating modes that use less power.
LPDDR4's 7% operating voltage reduction compared to LPDDR3 (1.2 to 1.12 V) achieved some standby power reduction. However, even with the introduction of new features like DBI, this reduction was not enough to reduce I/O power at the higher LPDDR4 speeds. A more refined approach on both the memory and system sides was needed. Enter LPDDR4X.
LPDDR4X – What's new?
The biggest change is the reduction in I/O voltage (VDDQ) by almost 50% (1.12 to 0.61 V) creating an obvious power reduction on both the memory and system sides of the bus. This savings turned out to be compelling for applications even considering the added cost to generate a new voltage I/O power supply in the system.
Maximum data rate was increased from 3200 to 4266 Mbps by adding termination and calibration options. Newer system PHY's were designed to leverage these options and provide more deskewing on the system side. Systems also started to make more use of periodic calibration functions introduced in LPDDR4.
Unfortunately, LPDDR4X is not backward compatible to LPDDR4. LPDDR4X devices are not required to be compatible with or tolerate higher LPDDR4 voltage on their I/O. Also, there is no specified way to query a LPDDR4 or LPDDR4X device to determine its type during the power-up sequence. This is not as bad as it sounds since LPDDR memory devices are not user (or even technician) replaceable once installed by the manufacturer.
Sorting out the JEDEC specs
JEDEC has published two LPDDR4 specifications which are available for download describing LPDDR4. The base specification is JESD209-4 (currently at Revision B). It contains information for both LPDDR4 and LPDDR4X. The other is JESD209-4-1 which is described as an addendum. The addendum is intended to describe differences / additions / deletions applicable to LPDDR4X compared to the base LPDDR4 spec.
In practice, users should carefully compare the two specifications to determine functionality deltas. For example, Mode Register 0 is shown in its entirety in both specs. But a detailed comparison shows that the real difference is that the OP[7] bit (CATR) exists in LPDDR4, but is reserved in LPDDR4X.
Readers: If you have LPDDR4 or LPDDR4X designs that need analysis think FuturePlus! We have BGA Interposers, equipment and services to assist in your validation and testing.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Spinning dust grains in the interstellar medium are expected to align with their short axes perpendicular to the magnetic field as a result of radiative torques \citep{Lazarian2007,Andersson2015}. Given this alignment, the polarization of thermal dust emission at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths is expected to be perpendicular to the magnetic field. Therefore, polarimetric observations at these wavelengths have frequently been used to determine the magnetic field morphology in the plane of the sky in the interstellar medium, especially in star-forming regions. The morphology of magnetic fields has been studied via dust polarization over a wide range of scales: from Galactic scales \citep[kpc; e.g.,][]{Stephens2011} all the way down to protostellar envelope scales \citep[100s -- 1000\,s\, au; e.g.,][]{Girart2006,Rao2009,Stephens2013,Hull2014}. Magnetic fields are thought to play a crucial role in the accretion process for protostellar disks via magnetorotational instability \citep[e.g.,][]{Balbus1998} and/or disk-winds \citep[e.g.,][]{Blandford1982}. Nevertheless, the magnetic field morphology remains observationally poorly constrained in the circumstellar environment.

The earliest attempts to detect polarization in circumstellar disks found polarization typically perpendicular to the major axis of the disk \citep{Tamura1995,Tamura1999}. However, these observations were at $\sim$2000\,au resolution, so they did not resolve the disks; it is certainly possible that the polarized emission could come from protostellar envelopes. \citet{Hughes2009,Hughes2013} made the first attempts to resolve submillimeter polarization within a disk, but such efforts resulted in non-detections, putting upper limits of the linear polarization fraction, $P=\sqrt{Q^2+U^2}/I$, at $\sim$1\% when averaged over the telescope beam (where $I$, $Q$, and $U$ are Stokes parameters). Most recently, polarization has been detected toward a handful of disks and candidates disks: the Class~0 disk candidate IRAS~16293--2422 \citep{Rao2014}, the disk of Class~I/II source HL~Tau \citep{Stephens2014b,Kataoka2017}, the Class~0 disk of L1527 \citep{SeguraCox2015}, the Class~0 disk candidate of NGC~1333 IRAS~4A \citep{Cox2015}, the Herbig~AE late-stage protoplanetary disk HD~142527 \citep{Kataoka2016b}, and the disk candidate of the high-mass protostar Cepheus~A~HW2 \citep{FL2016}. Polarization toward disks have also been detected at mid-infrared wavelengths of 8.7, 10.3, and 12.5\,$\mu$m \citep{LiDan2016,LiDan2017}. However, polarized emission at mid-infrared wavelengths can occur due to absorption, emission, and sometimes scattering, causing difficulty in interpreting the polarization morphology.
\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{HL_Tau_Band3pol_debiased_3sig_new.pdf}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{HL_Tau_Band6pol_debiased_3sig_new.pdf}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{HL_Tau_Band7pol_debiased_3sig_new.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{ALMA polarimetric observations at 3.1\,mm (top, \citealt{Kataoka2017}), 1.3\,mm (middle), and 870\,$\mu$m (bottom), where the red vectors show the $>$3$\sigma$ polarization morphology (i.e., vectors have not been rotated). Vector lengths are linearly proportional to $P$. The color scale shows the polarized intensity, which is masked to only show 3$\sigma$ detections. Stokes $I$ contours in each panel are shown for [3,\,10,\,25,\,50,\,100,\,200,\,325,\,500,\,750,\,1000]\,$\times$\,$\sigma_I$, where $\sigma_I$ is 44, 154, and 460\,$\mu$Jy\,bm$^{-1}$ for 3.1\,mm, 1.3\,mm, and 870\,$\mu$m, respectively.
}
\label{pol_images}
\end{figure}

Despite these detections, the polarization morphologies usually were not consistent with what would be expected from magnetically aligned dust grains. In particular, \citet{Stephens2014b} used the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) to measure the 1.25~mm polarization morphology in HL~Tau. The morphology was inconsistent with grains aligned with the commonly expected toroidal magnetic fields (polarization/E-field vectors distributed radially in the disk). Instead, the E-vectors were oriented more or less along the minor axis of the disk. \citet{Kataoka2015,Kataoka2016a} and \citet{Yang2016a} suggested that the polarization morphology is actually consistent with that expected from self-scattering \citep[also see][]{Pohl2016,Yang2017}. Indeed, several disks where polarization is detected show consistency with the polarization morphology expected from self-scattering rather than grains aligned with the magnetic field. However, except for the ALMA observations of HD~142527 \citep{Kataoka2016b} and HL~Tau \citep{Kataoka2017}, the published observations are too coarse to resolve more than a few independent beams across the disk, making it difficult to distinguish between scattering and other polarization mechanisms.

The high-resolution ALMA observations of HD~142527 by \citet{Kataoka2016b} resolved polarization for many 10s of independent resolution elements across the disk. The polarization was radial throughout most of the disk, which is expected for grains aligned with a toroidal field, but toward the edges the morphology changed from radial to azimuthal, which is more consistent with scattering. Models in \citet{Kataoka2016b} found that scattering can broadly reproduce the features observed in parts of the disk -- especially where the polarization orientations change sharply -- but not everywhere. A complete understanding of this interesting case is still missing.

HL~Tau is one of the brightest Class~I/II disks in the sky at (sub)millimeter wavelengths, and thus the polarization morphology can be determined at high resolution with reasonable integration times. \citet{Kataoka2017} followed up on the \citet{Stephens2014b} observations with 3.1\,mm observations of HL~Tau. Surprisingly, they found that the polarization morphology was azimuthal, which suggests grains aligned with their long axes perpendicular to the radiation field, as predicted by \citet[][also see \citealt{LazarianHoang2007}]{Tazaki2017}. Henceforth, we will call this grain alignment mechanism ``alignment with the radiation anisotropy."

The very different polarization morphologies observed at 1.25\,mm with CARMA \citep[0$\farcs$6 resolution,][]{Stephens2014b} and 3.1\,mm with ALMA \citep[0$\farcs$4 resolution,][]{Kataoka2017} suggest that the morphology of the polarization emission is strongly dependent on the wavelength. The CARMA observations poorly constrained the 1.25\,mm polarization morphology since they only resolved polarization for $\sim$3--4 independent beams across HL Tau. This paper presents ALMA observations at both 1.3~mm and 870\,$\mu$m at resolutions of 0$\farcs$3 and 0$\farcs$4, respectively.

\section{Observations}
With the ALMA Cycle 4 program 2016.1.00162.S (PI: I. Stephens), we observed polarized emission toward HL~Tau at 870\,$\mu$m (Band~7) and at 1.3\,mm (Band~6) on 2016 December 4
and 2017 July 12, respectively. The ALMA configurations for 870~$\mu$m and 1.3\,mm observations were C40-4 and C40-5, respectively. At 870~$\mu$m, the correlator was tuned to four 1.75~GHz spectral windows at center sky frequencies of 336.5, 338.6, 348.5, and 350.5\,GHz, and for 1.3~mm at center frequencies of 224, 226, 240, and 242\,GHz. For both wavelengths, the bandpass and flux calibrator was J0510+1800, the phase calibrator was J0431+1731, and the polarization calibrator was J0522--3627.

We used the delivered calibrated uv-data and performed imaging with CASA version 4.7.2. We used the CASA \texttt{tclean} task using a Briggs weighting parameter of robust=1. After a quick clean, we performed a series of phase-only self calibration, and images were cleaned after each self calibration iteration with progressively shorter solution intervals. We first performed several rounds of self calibration to the Stokes $I$ image only, and then did self calibration a final round of self calibration on all four Stokes parameters. Images were primary-beam corrected. We also include 3.1\,mm (Band~3) data which were from \citet{Kataoka2017}, except we re-imaged in the identical way described above. The synthesized beams for 3.1\,mm, 1.3\,mm, and 870\,$\mu$m were 0$\farcs$51$\times$0$\farcs$41 with a position angle (measured counterclockwise from north) of --67$\fdg$6; 0$\farcs$37$\times$0$\farcs$24 at --44$\fdg$1; and 0$\farcs$44$\times$0$\farcs$35 at --17$\fdg$9, respectively. Given a distance to HL~Tau of $\sim$140~pc \citep{Rebull2004}, the spatial resolution is 64, 42, and 55~au, respectively.

The ALMA instrumental error on $P$ is expected to be about 0.1\%. In cases where the measured $P$ rms was less than this value, we used 0.1\% as our error. The polarization intensity and $P$ was de-biased via the method described in \citet{Hull2014} and \citet{Hull2015}.

\section{Results}

Figure~\ref{pol_images} shows the observed polarization morphology for HL~Tau for ALMA at 3.1\,mm, 1.3\,mm, and 870\,$\mu$m. The polarization morphology at 3.1\,mm is azimuthal, with a void in the center about the size of the beam. This void likely occurs due to beam-averaging an azimuthal polarization morphology within the beam. The 3.1\,mm polarization morphology is broadly consistent with the pattern expected for emission from grains aligned with radiation anisotropy.\footnote{We will postpone a detailed discussion of the caveats of this interpretation to a future publication.} For 870\,$\mu$m, the polarization morphology is extremely uniform and parallel with the minor axis of the disk. This morphology is predicted for Rayleigh scattering for a geometrically thin (dust) disk \citep{Yang2017}. Toward the west edge of the disk, there is polarization detected that is not aligned with the rest of these vectors. This emission is about the size of the beam and could possibly be a spurious 3$\sigma$ detection

The 1.3\,mm morphology has slightly more structure but appears to be a superposition of those at 3.1\,mm and 870\,$\mu$m. Notably, along the disk's minor axis, the 3.1\,mm vectors are perpendicular to the axis while the 870\,$\mu$m vectors are parallel. At 1.3\,mm, these cancel, and thus polarization is significantly undetected along the minor axis. On the contrary, along the disk's major axis, 3.1\,mm and 870\,$\mu$m vectors are both perpendicular, and $P$ is highest on average for this line along the disk.

\begin{figure*}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=2\columnwidth]{IQUV_allbands.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{ALMA observations of the Stokes parameters $IQUV$ and the linear polarization fraction $P$ for 3.1\,mm (top), 1.3\,mm (middle), and 870\,$\mu$m (bottom). Stokes $I$ contours for a particular wavelength is shown in each panel for [4,\,25,\,100,\,500]$\times\sigma_I$, where $\sigma_I$ is given in Figure~\ref{pol_images}.
}
\label{stokes_images}
\end{figure*}

The transition of polarization morphologies from one wavelength to another is also apparent in the Stokes~$Q$ and $U$ images, as seen in Figure~\ref{stokes_images}. Specifically, at 3.1\,mm the Stokes~$Q$ image shows negative regions from north to south and positive regions from east to west. At 1.3\,mm, the negative regions are much brighter than the positive regions, and at 870\,$\mu$m, the positive regions almost completely disappear. Stokes~$U$ shows two positive and two negative regions at 3.1\,mm. The negative blobs disappear at 1.3\,mm, while the positive regions connect, and at 870\,$\mu$m, the positive regions turn into a single, large region.

For the Stokes $V$ images (Figure~\ref{stokes_images}), 3.1\,mm appears to be purely noise. For both 1.3\,mm and 870\,$\mu$m, Stokes~$V$ has a negative flux blob offset to the top-right of the Stokes $I$ intensity, and this blob is significantly brighter in 870\,$\mu$m. Although circular polarization can in principle be produced by scattering of linearly polarized light off non-spherical grains \citep[e.g.,][]{Tazaki2017}, Stokes~$V$ has not been well characterized for ALMA, so its detection could be spurious and will not be discussed in detail in this paper.

The central polarization vectors for 1.3\,mm and 870\,$\mu$m are 55$\fdg$4\,$\pm$0$\fdg$96 and 55$\fdg$3\,$\pm$0$\fdg$41, respectively. The major axis of HL Tau's disk is 138$\fdg$02\,$\pm$\,0$\fdg$07 \citep{ALMA2015}, indicating the polarization vectors are $\sim$7$^\circ$ from being perpendicular to the major axis. We would expect the polarization to be perfectly perpendicular to the major axis. The reason for this small 7$^\circ$ discrepancy is uncertain, but could indicate asymmetry in the disk.

The right panels of Figure~\ref{stokes_images} show $P$ for each wavelength. For 1.3\,mm and 870\,$\mu$m, there is a slight asymmetry for $P$ along the major axis of the disk, with the southeast more polarized than the northwest. For 1.3\,mm, the absolute difference between the two $P$ peaks along the major axis is 0.0013\,$\pm$\,0.0014, which is not statistically significant. The asymmetry for 870\,$\mu$m is more apparent, although the southeast part of the disk does not peak (i.e., it is still increasing at the edge of the detected polarized emission). The $P$ peak toward the northwest is 0.0077\,$\pm$\,0.0010. Drawing a line from the northwest peak through the center of the disk, at the same radius on the southeast side, $P$~=~0.0094\,$\pm$\,0.0010. $P$ rises to $\sim$0.0115 at the edge of the disk. Therefore, the $P$ asymmetry along the major axis for 870\,$\mu$m is $\sim$0.002--0.004. These asymmetries are relatively moderate, but the fact that they appear both at 1.3\,mm and 870\,$\mu$m suggests they could be a real feature. If we consider total polarization $P_T = \sqrt{Q^2+U^2+V^2}/I$, the asymmetry is similar; for 1.3\,mm, it is 0.0012\,$\pm$\,0.0014, while for 870$\mu$m it is $\sim$0.001--0.004.

\citet{Yang2017} showed that asymmetry along the major axis is not expected for scattering-induced polarization in an axisymmetric disk, so axisymmetry must be broken if the polarization is really due to scattering even though the total intensity (Stokes $I$) is highly axisymmetric. On the other hand, the polarization along the minor axis {\it is} expected to be asymmetric if the dust disk is optically thick and has a significant angular width (for a cartoon illustration, see Figure 6 in \citealt{Yang2017}). HL Tau disk is known to be optically thick at 870\,$\mu$m \citep{Carrasco2016}, but no asymmetry is detected along the minor axis. The lack of asymmetry for $P$ along the optically thick minor axis implies that that the large grains responsible for scattering at 870\,$\mu$m are already settled into a thin layer \citep{Yang2017}. Evidence for dust settling in HL Tau was also found in \citet{Kwon2011,Kwon2015a} based on modeling of the millimeter dust continuum, and in \citet{Pinte2016} based on the shape of gaps in dust continuum images

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\columnwidth]{HL_Tau_Band6pol_model_3sig_new.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{Morphological 1.3\,mm model for a 50--50 mix of azimuthal and uniform patterns is shown with yellow vectors, which are overlaid on top of the observed polarization morphology (red vectors). The contours are Stokes~$I$, with the levels given in Figure~\ref{pol_images}.
}
\label{model_image}
\end{figure}

\section{1.3\,mm Morphological Model of HL~Tau}
For illustrative purposes, we have also developed two simple models for the 1.3\,mm data: one for the polarization orientation and the other for the spatial distribution of the polarized intensity.

The polarization orientation model is a simple 50--50 mix of a purely azimuthal pattern (mimicking the pattern observed at 3.1\,mm) and a uni-directional pattern along the minor axis (an idealization of the pattern observed at 870\,$\mu$m). We created the model by averaging the Stokes $Q$ and $U$ of the two patterns separately. Figure~\ref{model_image} shows the model compared with the observations. The two match remarkably well, which strengthens the notion that the 1.3\,mm emission is a transition case between 3.1\,mm and 870\,$\mu$m.

The polarized intensity model is based on a disk model similar to Model~A of \citet{Yang2017}, but with a reduced scale height for the dust layer. The grains are assumed to be oblate spheroids with their shortest axes aligned radially, as expected in the case of alignment with the radiation anisotropy. The intrinsic polarization fraction of the non-spherical grains is set to 1\%, and the effective grain size is 30\,$\mu$m. The direct emission and scattering by such grains are computed under the electrostatic approximation (see \citealt{Yang2016b} for details). The resulting polarization pattern is shown in Figure~\ref{calculation_image} and broadly matches the observed pattern, especially the dumbbell-shaped distribution of the polarized intensity and the morphology of the polarization vectors. This model is not unique and does not match all details of the data; a detailed modeling will have many uncertainties in terms of dust properties and disk structure and is beyond the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, it does provide an illustration that the observed pattern at 1.3\,mm can plausibly be explained with a combination of direct emission and scattering by aligned grains.

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\columnwidth]{combined.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{Distribution of polarized intensity with polarization vectors superposed for an illustrative disk model where the polarization is produced by a combination of direct emission and scattering by azimuthally aligned grains. Color scale has been normalized to have a peak of 1.
}
\label{calculation_image}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary}
\citet{Kataoka2017} suggested that the polarization emission at 3.1\,mm for HL~Tau is caused by grain alignment via radiation anisotropy. In this paper, we present polarization images at two additional wavelengths. At 870\,$\mu$m the polarization morphology is uniform, which is consistent with polarization due to self-scattering. At 1.3\,mm, the polarization morphology appears to be a mix of the polarization morphologies at 3.1\,mm and 870\,$\mu$m, rather than purely self-scattering, as suggested in other studies \citep[e.g.,][]{Kataoka2015,Kataoka2017,Yang2016a}. These observations are the first to show a clear transition in a disk's (sub)millimeter polarization morphology with wavelength. The observations also provide a clear confirmation of two different mechanisms causing polarization emission at (sub)millimeter wavelengths. These observations are not consistent with polarized emission from grains aligned with a toroidal magnetic field.

We are able to reproduce the morphology with a morphological model and a theoretical calculation. We also find tentative evidence that the linear polarization fraction $P$ is asymmetric along the major axis of the disk, which would suggest that HL~Tau is not perfectly axisymmetric. Furthermore, the lack of asymmetry along the minor axis at the optically thick wavelength of 870$\mu$m may indicate that the large grains responsible for the scattering-induced polarization have already settled into a geometrically thin layer, which provides an independent check on the dust settling inferred from the shape of the gaps in HL Tau disk.

By observing high-resolution polarization of HL Tau at three different wavelengths, we have the ability to decipher which polarization mechanisms are occurring at different wavelengths. Without observing polarization of HL~Tau at 3.1\,mm and 870\,$\mu$m, the polarization morphology at 1.3\,mm would have been difficult to interpret. Understanding and precisely modeling polarization in a protostellar disk probably require multi-wavelength, high-resolution polarimetric data.

\acknowledgements
H.F.Y. is supported by an ALMA SOS award. Z.Y.L. is supported in part by NASA NNX14AB38G and NSF AST-1313083 and 1716259. A.K. acknowledges support by JSPS KAKENHI grant number JP15K17606. W.K. was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2016R1C1B2013642).
 This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA\#2016.1.00115.S and ADS/JAO.ALMA\#2016.1.00162.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada); MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan); and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Diddy brought the stars and the fur to Harlem over the weekend. Clad in a mink, the hip-hop mogul took over famed food stand O'Fishole Seafood and Jumbo Hamburgers (formerly Willie's Burgers) with some of his famous friends on Sunday night.
A$AP Rocky, Nelly, Jermaine Dupri, Bow Wow, Ashanti, Meek Mill, Jadakiss, and Rick Ross draped themselves in furs while shooting a mysterious video.
A generous Puff even presented Meek with the black mink off his back. "@iamdiddy gave me his mink he said it matched my car I could have it," said the MMG rapper.
Diddy's main chick Cassie also joined her man, posing in front of a Maybach. "#Mitch #MMM #newyorknewyork," tweeted Cassie.
On Saturday, 2 Chainz and Lil Durk dug into their closets and joined Diddy to shoot additional scenes.
See them stunt in the snow.


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text:
Technology Stocks : Fintech (cryptocurrencies, ICOs etc.)
From: Glenn Petersen 1/5/2018 9:42:50 AM
Sr K
How the Winklevoss Twins Found Vindication in a Bitcoin Fortune
By NATHANIEL POPPER
The Winklevoss twins, Cameron (left) and Tyler, at their office in New York City. A bet on Bitcoin several years ago has grown into a fortune for the brothers. Credit Vincent Tullo for The New York Times
The Winklevoss twins have carved an unorthodox path toward fame in the American business world.
They went to Harvard University and then on to the Olympics as rowers. Along the way, they fought a legal battle with Mark Zuckerberg over the ownership of Facebook. In the Oscar-nominated movie "The Social Network," they were portrayed as uptight gentry, outwitted by Mr. Zuckerberg, the brilliant, budding tech mogul.
Cameron, the left-handed Winklevoss brother, and Tyler, the right-handed one, followed that with a risky bet: They used money from a $65 million settlement with Mr. Zuckerberg to load up on Bitcoin. That turned them into the first prominent virtual currency millionaires in 2013, back when Bitcoin was primarily known as a currency for online drug dealers.
More than a few people in Silicon Valley and on Wall Street saw the towering twins as the naïve — if chiseled — faces of the latest tulip bulb mania. Many still do.
But the soaring value of Bitcoin in recent months is giving the brothers a moment of vindication, and quite a bit more than that: Their Bitcoin stockpile was worth around $1.3 billion on Tuesday .
"We've turned that laughter and ridicule into oxygen and wind at our back," Tyler Winklevoss said in an interview last week.
It is unclear how fleeting their vindication, or their fortune, will be. Many Bitcoin aficionados are expecting a major correction to the recent spike in its value, which has gone from $1,000 for one coin at the beginning of the year to around $18,500 on Tuesday.
Currently, the average price of one Bitcoin is about $16,459, according to Blockchain.info, a news and data site.
If nothing else, the growing fortune of the 36-year-old Winklevoss twins is a reminder that for all the small investors getting into Bitcoin this year, the biggest winners have been a relatively small number of early holders who had plenty of money to start with and have been riding a price roller coaster for years. (The mysterious creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, is believed by researchers to be holding on to Bitcoin worth around $19 billion.)
The New York offices of Gemini, a virtual currency exchange founded by the Winklevoss brothers. Credit Vincent Tullo for The New York Times
Some of these new Bitcoin millionaires are cashing out and buying Lamborghinis, professional hockey teams or even low-risk bond funds. The Winklevoss twins, though, said they had no intention to diversify.
"We still think it is probably one of the best investments in the world and will be for the decades to come," Tyler Winklevoss said. "And if it's not, we'd rather live with disappointment than regret."
They have collected an additional $350 million or so of other virtual currencies, most of it in the Bitcoin alternative called Ethereum. The brothers are also majority owners of the virtual currency exchange they founded, Gemini, which most likely takes their joint holdings to a value well over $2 billion, or enough to make each of them a billionaire.
They have sold almost none of their original holdings. While they both have apartments in downtown Manhattan, they say they live relatively spartan lives with few luxuries. Cameron drives an old S.U.V.; Tyler doesn't have a car at all.
The Winklevoss twins' financial rise began during their settlement with Mr. Zuckerberg in 2008. Their lawyers urged them to take the $45 million (after lawyers' fees) in cash. But they wanted to be paid in shares of Facebook.
"The lawyers thought we were crazy," Cameron Winklevoss said last week. "We thought they were crazy for taking cash."
By the time Facebook went public in 2012, their stock was worth around $300 million, their rowing careers were over, and they were looking for something new.
When they began buying Bitcoin in late 2012, the price of an individual coin was below $10. Few people in Silicon Valley or on Wall Street had publicly expressed interest in the virtual currency.
The Winklevoss twins sit in on a daily meeting at Gemini in New York City. Credit Vincent Tullo for The New York Times
Over a few months, the brothers bought 1 percent of all the outstanding Bitcoin at the time — some 120,000 tokens. As they did, the price soared, making their Bitcoin portfolio worth around $11 million by the time they went public with it in April 2013.
Their buying spree was mocked at the time, and a few of their early decisions fueled that derision. They also invested in Bitinstant, one of the first companies to trade Bitcoins online. Bitinstant's executives, in fact, had tutored the brothers in the basics of Bitcoin.
The chief executive of Bitinstant, Charlie Shrem, was arrested in 2014, accused of helping to supply Bitcoins to users of online drug markets. Mr. Shrem pleaded guilty to lesser charges and was sentenced to a year in jail. The Winklevosses were never implicated in the wrongdoing, which happened before they became investors.
While that drama was unfolding, the twins applied to create the first Bitcoin exchange traded fund, or E.T.F., an investment product that would hold Bitcoins but be traded on stock exchanges. That brought more criticism from people who wondered why someone would buy a fund rather than Bitcoin itself. In March, regulators rejected the application.
On top of all that, until last year the price of Bitcoin was sliding and the virtual currency concept was looking wobbly. But the Winklevosses, who once bet that years of punishing rowing practices would take them to the Olympics, held their ground.
"We are very comfortable in very high-risk environments with absolutely no guarantee of success," Tyler Winklevoss said. "I don't mean existing in that environment for days, weeks or months. I mean year after year."
They sold some of their tokens to pay for Gemini, a name that means twins in Latin. Like the Bitcoin E.T.F., their investment in Gemini was driven by their experience with the difficulty of buying and securely storing Bitcoin.
Every Bitcoin sits in an address that can be accessed only with the corresponding password, or private key. The problem with this system is that anyone who gets hold of a private key can easily take the Bitcoin. And unlike money taken from a bank account, stolen Bitcoin are essentially impossible to retrieve. A number of virtual currency exchanges and wallets have collectively lost billions of dollars' worth of Bitcoin to thieves.
The Winklevoss brothers recorded parts of the security code for their Bitcoin on papers stored in safe deposit boxes around the country. Credit Vincent Tullo for The New York Times
The Winklevosses came up with an elaborate system to store and secure their own private keys. They cut up printouts of their private keys into pieces and then distributed them in envelopes to safe deposit boxes around the country, so if one envelope were stolen the thief would not have the entire key.
With Gemini, they have created a high-tech version of this process to hold customer money. Getting into the company's wallets requires multiple signatures from cryptographically sealed devices that were never linked to the internet.
Gemini got a license from New York State regulators that allows them to hold Bitcoins for regulated banks and asset managers — something essentially no other virtual currency companies can do. That has turned Gemini into one of the most trusted destinations for sophisticated investors.
"Gemini is an underappreciated exchange, one of the few exchanges I trust as a custodian," said Ari Paul, a managing partner at the virtual currency hedge fund BlockTower Capital.
Gemini is now expanding from its old 5,000-square-foot offices to new, 35,000-square-foot facilities in Midtown Manhattan.
This doesn't mean Gemini or the Winklevosses have ironed out all the kinks. Like many other exchanges, Gemini has struggled to stay online in the deluge of new customers in recent weeks.
These growing pains are part of the reason the brothers say they are holding on to their Bitcoin. They believe virtual currencies are still a long way from real mainstream adoption.
They said they might look at selling when the value of all the Bitcoin in circulation approaches the value of all gold in the world — some $7 trillion or $8 trillion compared with the $310 billion value of all Bitcoin on Tuesday — given that they think Bitcoin is set to replace gold as a rare commodity. But then Tyler Winklevoss questioned even that, pointing out the ways that he believes Bitcoin is better than gold.
"In a funny way, I'm not sure we'd even sell there," he said. "Bitcoin is more than gold — it's a programmable store of money. It may continue to innovate."
Follow Nathaniel Popper on Twitter: @nathanielpopper
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