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Original Title: Van Gogh Museum-Teaching Manual Naturalism 01-11
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PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION 02
03 04 05 10 NATURALISM MUSEUM VISIT LESSON SUGGESTIONS BACKGROUND INFORMATION NATURALISM
At the end of the 19th century the work of numerous artists in Europe and America displayed striking similarities. These paintings were faithful representations of the visible world that highlighted contemporary social issues and often relied on photographs to more closely approximate reality. Although these artists were extremely popular in their lifetime, they were later forgotten. Nowadays they are counted as members of a movement called Naturalism. The general public in Western Europe became acquainted with naturalist art primarily through the Salon exhibitions in Paris. However, its appeal declined markedly in the course of the years. Artists of avant-garde movements such as Impressionism are much more famous now than the Academic artists who were so greatly admired in the 19th century. This teachers manual examines Naturalism from various angles. Not only are examples of Naturalist painting described, but also of literature, photography and cinema. In addition, various themes that occur in naturalist painting are discussed. The subject of Naturalism is highly suitable for students with a study focus on culture, society, history and literature. Students will gain knowledge and skills for courses on social studies, art, (art) history and literature.
ViNCENT VaN GOGh aNd NaTuraliSm
Vincent van Gogh was familiar with Naturalism, both in painting and literature, and actually wrote about it to his brother Theo. The excerpt below reveals that he considered Naturalism a movement that did not solely render reality, but added something to it. For Van Gogh the writings of the French naturalist author mile Zola also had a romantic feel because of the creative liberties he took:
Romance and romanticism are our era, and one must have imagination, sentiment in painting. HAPPILY, realism and naturalism are not free of them. Zola creates, but doesnt hold a mirror up to things, creates them amazingly, but creates, poetizes. Thats why its so good. So much for naturalism and realism, which are NONETHELESS related to romanticism.
Vincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh, Nuenen, about 28 October 1885
muSEum ViSiT: praCTiCal iNfOrmaTiON
Information for booking a visit to the Van Gogh Museum can be found at www.vangoghmuseum.com. Please note that reservations are limited to 40 students at a time. For questions about your reservation, you can reach us Monday through Thursday from 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm by calling the Van Gogh Museums education number: +31 (0)20 570 52 46.
TraVElliNG by publiC TraNSpOrT
lENGTh Of ViSiT aNd COSTS
A visit to the Van Gogh Museum lasts about one hour. Payment can be made at the cash register on the day of your visit. For additional information, please consult the museums website: www.vangoghmuseum.com.
Trams 2 and 5 run from and to Amsterdam Central Station. Tram 5 also runs from Station Zuid WTC. Alight at the Van Baerlestraat stop. Tram 3 runs from and to Muiderpoort Station. Alight at the Museumplein or Van Baerlestraat stop. Tram 12 runs between the Amstel Station and Sloterdijk Station. Alight at the Museumplein or Van Baerlestraat stop. Busses 145, 170 and 172 stop at the museum. Alight at the Museumplein stop.
muSEum rulES
SChOOl SupErViSiON
When you visit the exhibition with your students, the Van Gogh Museum educator expects the group to be accompanied by at least one school supervisor. Teachers and adult helpers are responsible for their students at all times and must stay with their group.
Van Gogh Museum Paulus Potterstraat 7 1071 CX Amsterdam
Van Gogh Museum P.O. Box 75366 1070 AJ Amsterdam
No touching the works of art. Coats, bags, backpacks and umbrellas must be checked at the cloakroom. The use of cameras and audio/video equipment is prohibited. Mobile phones and MP3 players must be switched off in the gallery. No eating, drinking or smoking. No running or screaming.
Mail your questions to educatie@vangoghmuseum.nl. You can also call the Department of Education and Visitor Services Monday through Thursday from 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm, via the Van Gogh Museums education number: + 31 (0)20 570 52 46.
The Van Gogh Museum is on Museumplein in Amsterdam. Ample paid parking is available in the Q Park Garage underneath Museumplein. Follow the signs P Museumplein.
lESSON SuGGESTiONS
Begin a lesson on Naturalism by outlining the characteristics of the era concerned, namely the end of the 19th century. Discuss important social developments, such as industrialisation and the ensuing urbanisation. You can also describe the position of artists at the time. In this context, the difference between Academic and avant-garde artists is relevant. For background information on Naturalism, see page 12 of this manual. Below are several suggestions for study options, questions and creative activities for lessons. The suggestions are easily adapted or expanded to suit your needs.
While nowadays most people have never heard of the movement called Naturalism, it was well known in the 19th century. Vincent van Gogh was also familiar with naturalist art. The following excerpt from a letter he wrote to his brother Theo evidences this:
Romance and romanticism are our era, and one must have imagination, sentiment in painting. HAPPILY, realism and naturalism are not free of them.
Read the excerpt from Vincent van Goghs letter. What does Vincent mean by the statement: Romance and romanticism are our era, and one must have imagination, sentiment in painting? Van Gogh is pleased that Realism and Naturalism are not devoid of Romanticism. What is Romanticism?
The following excerpt is from the same letter:
Zola creates, but doesnt hold a mirror up to things, creates them amazingly, but creates, poetizes. Thats why its so good. So much for naturalism and realism, which are NONETHELESS related to romanticism.
Van Gogh mentions Zola as an example. Who was he? Find information on Zola and his work. Explain what Van Gogh meant by his remark that Zolas work is not free from Romanticism?
SalON praCTiCES
In the 19th century it was important for artists to get their work exhibited at the Paris Salon, the (bi-) annual show held by the Acadmie des Beaux-Arts. Participation in these shows was determined by a very strict and conservative jury, which only selected works of art made in the Academic style. This meant that there was no room for innovative art. Naturalist paintings were displayed at the Salon and were critically acclaimed. The influence of the Salon diminished with the establishment of other venues where artists could exhibit their work. Still, the Salon exhibitions remained immensely popular: they afforded beginning artists the best opportunity of garnering critical notice. Because the works of art were hung above and below one another at the Salon, admittance was no guarantee that a painting was easy to see. The height at which a work was hung reflected the jurys opinion of its importance. If it hung at eye level, the artist was ensured greater recognition.
Naturalist paintings quite often tell a story, one that can easily be perceived by the viewer. A single painting often includes so many details that you can imagine an entire story. This differed greatly from the more modern paintings being produced. Still, these two contrasting styles occurred side by side at the end of the 19th century. The modern paintings gave the viewer much less information for figuring out the given scene. Sometimes they did not even have a story.
Determine the criteria for Salon paintings at the end of the 19th century. The Salon des refuss was established in 1863. It presented works of art that had been rejected by the other Salon. Determine what kind of art was accepted at the Salon des refuss and how it differed from that shown in the official Salon. Honor Daumier made caricatures of the public at the Salon. Find drawings by Daumier about the Salon on the Internet. What point was Daumier trying to make with his caricatures? Did he succeed? What can you learn about Salon practices from these drawings? Honor Daumier made caricatures of the public at the Salon. Find drawings by Daumier and naturalist paintings (for example, via Google) on the Internet. Let them inspire you to make a cartoon in response to a naturalist painting or an art exhibition.
Select a naturalist painting. Write a story in which one of the scenes you describe is the one depicted in the painting. Select a naturalist painting. Find a more modern painting that you believe tells a comparable story in art books or on the Internet. Explain why you think the same subject is depicted as well as the way in which the paintings differ most. Select a naturalist painting. Describe the thoughts and feelings of each character in the painting that he or she might have at that moment.
iNduSTrialiSaTiON aNd rural lifE
Some naturalist paintings criticised social developments, such as the impact of industrialisation on rural life. Is there an issue in present-day society that you believe warrants critical attention? How would you want to make this abuse clear? Would you make a painting of it? What would it look like? Would you choose another way to call attention to the problem? Describe how you would go about doing this and/or actually do it now.
Top image: Nikolaj Kasatkin, Poor people collecting coal in an abandoned pit, 1894, The Russian Museum, St. Petersburg
Compare Let the little children come to me by Fritz von Uhde with the Pieta by Vincent van Gogh. Both paintings represent a story from the Bible. Even though they were made just a few years apart at the end of the 19th century, they nevertheless differ greatly.
List some differences in the style in which the artists painted. The way in which they wanted to tell the biblical story deviates. What is the greatest difference? Van Goghs painting is entitled Pieta (after Delacroix). Look up Pieta on the Internet. You can find Van Goghs painting on the Van Gogh Museum website. What does after Delacroix mean?
Vincent wrote the following about von Uhdes painting Let the little children come to me:
Theo, you mustnt think that if I saw Uhdes painting itself I would lose the impression I got of it. I say again that I believe this man will go the same way as Knaus and Lobrichon namely that after a few things full of character, the very technique will play a dirty trick on him, thats to say hell start working more and more correctly and more and more drily.
Vincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh, Nuenen, Monday, 6 July 1885
Vincent van Gogh mentioned Fritz von Uhde more than once in his letters. Find the letters in which Van Gogh wrote about Fritz von Uhde at www.vangoghletters.org. Use the search term Uhde. Explain in your own words what Van Gogh thought about this painting by von Uhde. Do you agree with him? Explain why or why not.
Top left image: Fritz von Uhde, Let the little children come to me, 1884, Museum der bildenden Knste, Leipzig Top right image: Vincent van Gogh, Pieta (after Delacroix), 1889, Van Gogh Museum Amsterdam (Vincent van Gogh Foundation)
In this painting The geography lesson The black stain made by Albert Bettannier in 1887, schoolchildren are being taught about the conflict surrounding Alsace-Lorraine.
Look up what the Alsace-Lorraine conflict was all about. How did the artist view it? And, how is this reflected in the painting?
The way in which naturalist painters conveyed their stories in a single image greatly influenced the cinema. These motion pictures provided new possibilities for telling stories to the public and were first shown in the last decade of the 19th century. Some film directors used naturalist visual language to do so. This was done, for example, in the films that were made of the naturalist novels by the French writer mile Zola.
Select a naturalist painting. Can you imagine that this painting represents a scene from a film? What do you think would happen in the next scene? And what happened previously? Who are the leading characters? What is their story? Make a storyboard: sketches of a sequence of scenes. The painting is the middle scene. Draw two scenes before and two after it. While making your storyboard think about zooming in, the surroundings, and the development of the story. When you are done, compare it to those of your classmates. Do you understand each others stories? Are there comparable story lines? Select a naturalist painting. Make a short film in which you include the scene that you see in the painting. Of course, you can reverse the influence paintings had on film. Select a scene from one of your favourite movies and make a painting of it.
Top image: Albert Bettannier, The geography lesson The black stain, 1887, Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin
Some naturalist artists used photographs as the basis for their paintings. Accordingly, their paintings make a very realistic impression. Photographs allowed them to study reality very closely. The French artist Jules-Alexis Muenier often relied on photographs when making his paintings. For Beautiful days he took several photographs of his wife and young son. The other people in the painting are not relatives, but were included to complete the picture of a family. For Muenier, photography had one great advantage: he no longer had to make so much as a sketch before he started to paint. The photographs were his point of departure. Nevertheless, some art critics noted that the use of photography had disadvantages.
The Van Gogh Museum would like to see the results of your lessons; poems, photos and images of paintings can be sent to educatie@vangoghmuseum.nl. Please include the name, age and class of the student and the name of the school.
Top left image: Jules-Alexis Muenier, preparatory photo for Beautiful days, c. 1889, collection family of the artist Top right image: Jules-Alexis Muenier, Beautiful days, 1889, Bradley P. Radichel
Write an essay defending the following position: Artists who rely on photographs to make their paintings are cheating. Naturalist artists used photographs to make their paintings more realistic. Ultimately, however, they did not paint reality entirely faithfully. Rather, they manipulated it for the sake of a perfect composition. This gave the artist a certain power over reality. Experience this power for yourself. Take a photograph of an event in your life and manipulate it to achieve an ideal image. Perhaps a person is missing in your photograph, or you wore the wrong clothes. This can be corrected by altering the photo in a graphics-editing programme on the computer. Select a naturalist painting. Take a photograph imitating the scene in the painting as precisely as possible. Pay attention to the surroundings, the clothing worn by the figures, and the lighting. You can also make a more modern version of the painting, on the condition that you try to approximate its atmosphere in your photograph. Make your own naturalist painting with the help of photography. First, take a series of photographs and then use them to determine your composition. To enlarge a photograph to the size of your painting, try the trick that Jules-Alexis Muenier probably used. Divide your photo into different sections. By dividing your canvas in the same way, you can easily transfer the sections in the photo to the corresponding sections in the canvas.
baCkGrOuNd iNfOrmaTiON ON NaTuraliSm
The 19th century was a multifaceted period, in which the norms and values of both society and the art world changed drastically. It witnessed the shift of art education from the atelier to the academy, the opening of the first public museums, and the growing importance of artists as individuals. Nineteenth-century artists and art movements have been studied extensively; even so, some lacunas remained. For instance, Professor Gabriel Weisberg discovered the existence between 1875 and 1918 of a long unrecognised art movement, namely Naturalism. In his book Beyond Impressionism. The Naturalist Impulse, Weisberg demonstrated that around the turn of the 20th century the work of European and North-American artists was stylistically uniform. Interestingly there was no structured mutual collaboration or a joint manifesto. However, through a common (unconscious) pursuit in terms of style and content it can, in fact, be called an art movement. Although the name of this movement might suggest otherwise, Naturalism does not mean that the paintings always strictly reflected reality. In contrast to realist painters, the naturalists took creative liberties, transforming their works from depictions of raw reality into carefully composed scenes that tell a story about society.
A discussion arose in the mid-19th century regarding which painting style could best convey modern life. The popularity of historical, mythological and allegorical scenes steadily diminished in favour of scenes from daily life. Not only did the themes have to be appealing, contemporary viewers also had to recognise themselves in and learn from them, which is why naturalist painters depicted the life of the common man. As a result, their work was ideally suited for display in public spaces, such as town halls or universities. Consequently, naturalist painters often worked on commission for the government. They scaled their works to show up well in the large spaces where they came to hang.
Naturalism addressed subjects in daily life. These can be grouped into several categories: rural life, industry, politics, religion and youth.
Naturalist artists often painted peasants in the countryside. Sometimes they chose this subject to present an idyllic image of rural life. However, this changed with the advent of the industrial revolution and artists were eager to immortalise this disappearing way of life. This can be seen, for example, in The haymakers by the French artist Lon Augustin Lhermitte. Other artists captured the raw side of rural life and did not shy away from social problems, such as alcoholism. The enormous painting Grimaces and misery by Fernand Pelez shows a group of travelling circus performers. The harshness of their life is announced in the title and can also be sensed instantly in the painting. The painter underscored a poignant irony: the acrobats and clowns, who travel through villages and towns to entertain others, themselves lead a bleak existence. The impression this work made at the Salon was profound.
Top image: Lon Augustin Lhermitte, The haymakers, 1887, Van Gogh Museum Amsterdam (Vincent van Gogh Foundation) Bottom image: Fernand Pelez, 1848-1913, Grimaces and misery, 1888, Petit Palais, Muse des Beaux-arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris
At the time of the naturalist movement, the consequences of the industrial revolution were also recorded on canvas. Some artists wanted to highlight the value of manual labour, others were more interested in rendering the harsh reality of factory life. One of the paintings portraying factory workers is The ironworkers noontime by the American artist Thomas Anshutz. Like his teacher Thomas Eakins, he relied on photography to compose his paintings. Each figure in The ironworkers noontime seems to have been studied and photographed in an atelier, and then incorporated in the painting. However, no photographic evidence to this effect has ever been found. The ironworkers noontime depicts workers at a nail factory in Wheeling, West Virginia. Washed and stretching their muscles, they are shown taking a break after working hard, recalling images of ancient Greek athletes.
Anshutz grew up near this factory and was fully aware of the difficulties facing this industry through overproduction: if the factory were forced to close, the small town of Wheeling would probably also disappear. On the one hand, this painting can be considered a tribute to the factory worker, and on the other it may have been intended as a monument to a way of life on the verge of extinction. The Finnish artist Eero Jrnefelt made a darker image of the effects of industry. In his painting Under the yoke (Burning the brushwood) we see labourers clearing a wooded section of land. Their clothing and circumstances betray just how heavy and dangerous this work is. Particularly the exhausted child staring ahead was meant to make viewers question the quality of these peoples life.
Top image: Thomas Anshutz, 1851-1912, The ironworkers noontime, 1880, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, gift of Mr and Mrs John D. Rockefeller 3rd Bottom image: Eero Jrnefelt, 1863-1937, Under the yoke (Burning the brushwood), 1893, Ateneum, Art Museum Finnish National Gallery, Helsinki
Naturalist artists depicted political events in a penetrating and at times biased manner. For example, in The strike at Le Creusot by Jules Adler, the artists sympathies clearly lie with the striking labourers. This painting was exhibited in the Salon in 1900. It presents a mass of people moving as a single entity in protest against the repression of their employers. The painter probably went to Creusot to gain a realistic idea of the strikers grievances first hand.
Top image: Jules Adler, The strike at Le Creusot, 1899, Muse des Beaux Arts, Pau
Religion was also often the subject of naturalist paintings, but then rendered in a different, untraditional way. This genre was adapted to the demands of modern times. The life of Christ by Ernest Renan, of 1863, influenced the way in which Christ was depicted. In this book, Renan wanted to humanise Christ, so that anyone could identify with him. In paintings Christ was given human traits and shown participating in daily life. An example of this is Fritz von Uhdes Let the little children come to me, in which Christ is shown in a 19th-century interior as an ordinary man without a halo and approachable for the children surrounding him. The religious feelings and experiences of the common man were also conveyed in naturalist paintings. In these works, humble human beings were endowed with saintly characteristics: a praying labourer could be depicted as though he were a devout saint. Using Christian subjects, attention could be focused on contemporary issues of injustice. For instance, a painting of the Good Samaritan by Aim-Nicolas Morot became an exhortation to care for the sick and needy.
Top left image: Fritz von Uhde, 1848-1911, Let the little children come to me, 1884, Museum der Bildende Kunste, Leipzig Top right image: Aim-Nicolas Morot, The Good Samaritan, 1880, Petit Palais, Muse des Beaux Arts de la Ville Paris, Paris
Ideas on the education and the raising of children changed in the 19th century. This, too, was expressed in naturalist art. An example of this is The geography lesson The black stain, in which a class is being taught about a conflict between France and Germany. In the painting a teacher points his stick at a large black area on a map. After the Franco-German War (1870-1871), this territory - AlsaceLorraine, which originally was part of France was annexed by Germany. The message of the painting is easily understood: French youngsters had to learn that this territory belonged to France and would one day be returned it.
ThE iNfluENCE Of phOTOGraphy ON NaTuraliST paiNTiNGS
Various naturalist painters relied on photography in making a painting. They would manipulate the figures and the setting in a photograph to arrive at the best composition. Because of their realistic rendering, such paintings made a great impression on the public. Some artists even became avid amateur photographers, including Jules-Alexis Muenier and Thomas Anshutz. Another development was emerging at the same time: photography began to evolve into an art form. In 1886, an English painter and photographer, Peter Henry Emerson, wrote an influential book entitled Naturalist Photography for the Art Student. He argued that photography should not be staged, but be real. The advent of photography as an art form prompted a discussion about the role of painting in rendering reality. The effect photographs had on the making of paintings varied. For example, in the paintings the figures sometimes seem oddly situated in their surroundings. Another effect is evident in the painting All Saints Day by mile Friant, in which a family visiting a cemetery is portrayed. A young girl offers a coin to a beggar seated at the entrance. She is depicted in suspended motion, her foot hovering just above the ground and her arm outstretched. This suggestion of movement recalls photography. The painting elicited a note of criticism: a caricature of All Saints Day was made in which the beggar is shown with a camera in his lap. The use of photography as a tool to facilitate the painting process was thus not always viewed in a positive light.
Top left image: mile Friant, All Saints Day, 1888, Muse des Beaux Arts, Nancy
Top right image: Caricature of All Saints Day, Le Journal Amusant, 1889, Bibliothque Nationale de France, Paris
milE ZOla: NaTuraliST liTEraTurE, ThEaTrE aNd CiNEma
Naturalism was not only a movement in the visual arts, but also in literature, photography and cinema. One of the leading proponents of Naturalism was not a painter, but a writer: mile Zola. Zola was instrumental in the development of a new naturalist writing style. Preparatory to his novels he filled notebooks with his observations on the basis of which he hoped to portray his characters objectively. This is comparable to the studies made by painters, who use sketches (and possibly photographs) as tools for observing reality. In his novels, Zola levelled criticism at the dark side of man and society. He broke through taboos, writing about incest, prostitution, rape and alcoholism. In a precise style he ruthlessly described the shortcomings of his main characters. He set his stories in surroundings recognisable to his readers; for example, a rural or industrial environment. This choice also had a bearing on painting. Zola aimed to describe the life of peasants and labourers and painters followed suit. Zola wanted his novels to reach as many people as possible. To this end he published them in serials in newspapers. He also ensured that inexpensive paperback editions were available on the market. He enjoyed giving interviews, which in turn drew great attention to his books. In order to bring his novels even closer to the pubic, he made stage adaptations of some of them. In these plays, as in his novels, Zola attempted to approximate reality. This impacted the dcor of his plays: the customary painted backdrops were replaced with real objects. The theatre critics were not enthusiastic, however. They found Zolas plays banal. The next step for Zolas stories was cinema, a new medium first used in the last years of the 19th century. This technique opened up new possibilities for presenting stories to the public. The early cinematographers undoubtedly saw the impressive naturalist paintings at the Salon and could also draw a great deal of inspiration from the theatre. However, while in the theatre an attempt was made to create the most realistic possible setting, filmmakers could actually go to the places where the story took place.
Zolas novel Germinal was shot on location in 1913. The director Albert Capellani filmed the conflict between an employer and his employees in a very naturalist manner. Germinal is about wealthy capitalists in the mining industry and the power they wield over poor labourers. Nevertheless, these labourers also have power, namely by going on strike they disrupt the dominion of the rich. Capellani conveyed his view on power relations through subtle visual clues. For example, hanging in the residence of the mines owner is a painting that refers to a work of Constantin Meunier. This artist was known primarily for his heroic portrayal of labourers, and mine workers in particular. An eye for detail is also characteristic of naturalist paintings. This gives the viewer more background information about the story, which in a painting, after all, has to be told in a single image.
Top left image: Hubert von Herkomer, On strike, 1891, Royal Academy of London, London
Top right image: Film still Albert Capellani, The strike /The charge, Germinal, 1913, Gaumont-Path Archives, Saint-Ouen
Naturalist art affords an image of society in the period 1875 1918. Artists at the time often added an extra dimension to their works, however: they did not just depict what they saw, but used and adapted reality to say something about society. By showing daily life, they wanted people to reflect on social issues. By the end of the 19th century, avant-garde movements took the lead, finding new ways to depict life. Naturalism no longer dominated and the movement was subsequently forgotten.
The exhibition Illusions of reality: Naturalist painting, photography and cinema, 1875-1918 is accompanied by a catalogue of the same title. It is available in the Van Gogh Museum store, via the Van Gogh Museums online shop, and in quality bookstores. www.vangoghmuseumshop.com Gabriel P. Weisberg, Beyond Impressionism: The Naturalist Impulse, New York 1992
Top image: Albert Edelfelt, Conveying the childs coffin, 1879, Ateneum Art Museum, Finnish National Gallery, Helsinki
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Isaac and Me had our first baby yesterday! On facebook. haha.
Dressed up the little baby. Cute right?! I wanted a female baby but he went to make a boy one. Gah. We named it Denver!
I insist on having a female baby because they looked damn cute, so i made one myself! Named it Melody. It's super super cute luh! I want to hug it to sleep. Hee.
Here's my fluffpet, called HappyHappy. okay, quite a lame name, but it does look happy doesn't it? I feed it good food hor. If you guys ever chanced upon it in facebook, do feed it with steak k? hee.
I totally love Benjamin's Pet lah! So cute lor. But he go and name it Labusai. What the hell is that.
Anyway, isaac showed me this blog of a 12 year old girl. We ended up laughing like siao. Read what she wrote!
And you know what is the funny part? Isaac is total strangers with the owner of this blog! I was there when isaac made his tattoo, and the only people who accompanied him was me, sjeting and peiling! It's a wonder how come some people have the cheek to blog about something that totally didn't happen. The picture of the uncle was ripped off isaac's blog, and everything that she said that happened, were all made up by her imagination.
Wahs. Even if she want to fake that she's friends with someone when she's not, also pick someone less famous right. Isaac leh! Hundreds of people read his blog everyday, she not scared her real-life friends found out meh -.- Haha!


How you came to live with each other: After the sudden passing of our beloved cat Micah we weren't sure how or when we'd be ready for a new cat. Our older cat Jake was terribly lonely so it was decided a month later that it was time. I knew I wanted another Siamese so I put the word out to several rescue organizations. Just as I was about to give up I received an email with a link to his story and photo. I knew immediately that he was the one. We had to wait 2 whole days for the shelter he was being held at to re-open, then we rushed down and adopted him right away. He was terribly shy at first but every day he becomes more and more outgoing.
Favorite shared activity: Taking him outside to explore the backyard or sleeping in with him in the morning. He also likes to just hang out right next to me on the couch while we watch t.v.
Tell us about this photo: I was hoping to get portraits of myself with each of the cats. That is easier said than done of course. I like the way this one turned out because it's not your run of the mill "cat with human" portrait. Jonah is the focal point and I especially like that.
What you love most about your cat: Jonah has the silliest personality that perfectly matches his quirky appearance. He has one floppy ear, crossed eyes, vampire fangs and ants in his pants. He is the most playful cat I've ever known. You can't help but smile when you look at him. He's simply adorable.
How or why you incorporate cats in your photography: Cats are perfect for photographing. I take photos of my cats every day and I photograph cats during all my travels. Esthetically they're enchanting and the camera just loves their beauty, grace and full range of expressions.
Pawsome interview with a very handsome mancat!
We love all the cats at Jake and Micah - especially Jonah!
I love that photo! Absolutely classic and frameworthy!


15 Tips to help you sleep better.
Studies show that 62% of Americans have some trouble sleeping every week and up to 40 million Americans have a chronic sleep disorder, yet researchers and sleep specialists still can't agree on the exact number of hours sleep we should get. It does seem that most people need at least eight hours of sleep each night to function optimally. However, some people feel great and are energetic with only 5-6 hours, and some people need way more.
Your body and mind adhere to natural patterns of sleep and wakefulness called the circadian rhythm. This internal clock could vary based on many small factors, like seasons, the amount of exercise you get, noise as you try to sleep, and light. So it's important to pay attention to what works for you and helps you feel the best rested so you can replicate those conditions. Keep a sleep journal for a few weeks, recording what you did during the day and especially at night before sleep, the duration and quality of your sleep, and how you felt when you woke up.
Most people's bed times fluctuate wildly based on their activity level, what they have planned for the next day, and if they're up late having a good time on the weekend. But the best way to sleep well is to establish a consistent bedtime and stick to it. If you want to make changes, then do so gradually.
You should also try to stick to the same wake up time every morning. If you are getting plenty of sleep then you won't even need an alarm – your body will wake up naturally.
Most people who don't sleep well have a hectic or active nighttime routine and then expect to fall asleep easily once they lay down. But your body needs to unwind and get in a relaxed state, which triggers your circadian rhythms. About an hour before bed time, try reading a book in soft light, taking a hot bath or shower, listening to relaxing music, deep breathing, or stretching or light yoga.
Naps during the middle of the day are great to help you feel refreshed and energize your brain, and making up for lost sleep the night before, but make sure you don't nap for longer then 30 minutes.
You probably want to eat smaller meals at night because heavy meals with fatty or rich foods take more work to digest, which will interfere with your sleep. For that same reason, stay away from acidic or spicy foods in the evening, too.
If you have trouble sleeping stay away from alcohol – it might help you doze off faster but it will wake you up and reduce your sleep quality. Most people also love their coffee, especially I they don't sleep well (sense a vicious cycle?) but caffeine can impact your sleep patterns even 12 hours after drinking it!
One of the crucial times for people who don't sleep well is right after dinner, when they feel drowsy and start becoming sedentary. But by winding down too early in the evening, they actually disrupt their later sleep pattern. So if you're feeling like melting into the couch in front of the TV after dinner, get up and do some light activity or something fun that gives you energy instead. Even an after-dinner walk can boost your energy levels and help you feel much more relaxed later on.
Melatonin is the hormone that's controlled by your exposure to light and in turn regulates your sleep-wake cycle. When it's dark in the evening (or winter) your body secretes more melatonin to make you sleepy, and it produces less during sunny times. Unfortunately, modern life disrupts a lot of peoples' melatonin levels. Sitting in an office all day under artificial light is one of the biggest conditions that mess with your melatonin levels, and the same can be said od staring at backlit screens – television, computers, and smart phones – so often.
So make sure you roll down the windows and open the sun roof, eat lunch outside, take breaks outdoors, and go for a walk when there's still light.
People sleep way better if they are consistently active and get exercise. You don't have to spend countless hours at the gym – even 30 minutes of movement and walking a day helps your ability to get a good night's rest.
Consider all of your technology the enemy when it comes to sleeping well, so turn off your television at least two hours before you go to bed and minimize time on smart phones, iPads, and your computer. Reading on a Kindle if you want to read eBooks, which isn't backlit. All of this technology is probably the single biggest detractor from good sleep for our modern society.
You should also use dimmers on lights in the bedroom and close curtains to make sure the bedroom stays dark. When you get up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom, use a flashlight or have a glow night-light so you don't have to flip the switch and flood the room with light.
You should get in bed only when it's time to sleep or when you're getting romantic. Other than that, lying around in bed will confuse your body's natural alarm clock and make it harder to get rest at night.
Too often, our thoughts consume us, and especially at night it's hard to turn off stress, concern, anger, and even positive excitement, inhibiting sleep. There are several ways to cope with this. First, practice relaxation techniques, deep breathing, and mediation before you go to bed every night. You can also write out your To Do list for the next day so those tasks won't be on your mind. If a thought or feeling keeps you awake on a consistent basis, write it down on a pad you keep on your bed stand, then revisit it in the morning so you can address it with clarity and positivity.
Some insomniacs have trouble going to sleep, while others doze off fine but then wake up and can't get back to sleep. If you are the latter (I know I am!) then try to stay out of your head when you wake up. Visualize a beautiful place that makes you feel calm and feel the sensation of rest. Don't worry about falling asleep – just focus on feeling relaxed and your breathing. If you still can't fall asleep after 15 minutes or so don't fight it – get up (without turning on bright lights) and do a non-stimulating activity, like reading a book, listening to music, or watering plants. If something is worrying you then write it down so your mind will feel with confidence that it doesn't need to hang on. Then lie back down and try it again.
Most of us can greatly increase the quality of our sleep with these strategies, but if you're still struggling with sleep, it's impacting your health, job, or relationships, or you feel depressed or anxious, visit a doctor. You might have a condition like sleep apnea, which is easily treated, or a sleep specialist may recommend gentle prescription medication just to help you get in a better pattern of sleep.
Doctors are writing prescriptions for fruits and vegetables to combat obesity.	This year's flu is one of the worst we've seen, so read up on the dreaded influenza virus and stay healthy.


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SUPERINTENDENT POSITIONS
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS - MSAD #60
North Berwick, Berwick and Lebanon, MAINE
Start Date: July 1, 2020
The MSAD 60 Board of Directors seeks dynamic, innovative candidates for its Superintendent of Schools position.
Maine School Administrative District #60 (MSAD 60) is a regional, rural school district serving 3,100 students in Berwick, North Berwick, and Lebanon, Maine with a total population of residents of approx. 18,000. MSAD #60 has a rich legacy of leadership, mission-driven accomplishments, and innovation for our students in grades K-12. The district is comprised of 5 elementary schools: Vivian Hussey School, K-3 (Berwick); Eric L. Knowlton School, 4-5 (Berwick); Hanson Elementary School, K-3 (Lebanon); Lebanon Elementary School, 4-5 (Lebanon); and North Berwick Elementary School, K-5 (North Berwick). The students from the three towns come together in grades 6 and 7 at Noble Middle School in Berwick. Noble High School, in North Berwick, serves approx. 1,150 students in grades 8-12. The Mary Hurd Academy, a special purpose school for grade 6-12 students with specific behavioral and emotional needs, is also an integral part of the MSAD 60 programming.
For the last twenty-five years, MSAD 60 has continually found innovative, effective ways to organize and deliver instruction in increasingly personalized, student-centered structures and methodologies. With a 2019-2020 budget of $42 million dollars, the District is overseen by a nine-member elected Board of Directors. The board has full authority to set the budget and bring it to a community vote. The community is consistently financially supportive of the MSAD 60 public schools. The District is focused on education from the ground up, with strong staff involvement in curriculum development, and an educational philosophy that embraces personalization, inclusion, heterogeneity, and rigor. The district is also committed to supporting its students' social-emotional well-being through such approaches as Responsive Classroom and Second Step.
The Superintendent is supported by several district-wide staff members, including Assistant Superintendent, Director of Teaching and Learning, and Business Administrator.
The position offers the opportunity to join a faculty, staff, and administration that is focused on continuous improvement; lead the district's smooth transition to new construction focused on each of our three town's elementary schools; work with an engaged and supportive community, and support and implement best practices across the district.
Qualified candidates will possess:
●an attitude that reflects that s/he is "In the Kid Business;"
●strong administrative leadership skills;
●high ethical standards in all aspects of his/her work;
●an understanding of the demands and needs of today's environment (social-emotional, trauma-informed) for both students and staff;
●excellent communication skills;
●excellent professional relationships with faculty, staff, administration and community partners;
●success in fiscal and personnel management, and
●involvement at the state level to advocate for and remain current with relevant legislation and policy.
An advanced graduate degree is preferred and a Master's Degree is required. This position offers a regionally competitive salary and benefits package.
Review of applications will begin on February 14, 2020. The expected start date for the new Superintendent is July 1, 2020.
Ms. Astrida Schaeffer and Ms. Susan Austin
MSAD 60 Superintendent Search
North Berwick, Maine 03906
Email: hr@msad60.org
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS - MAINE INDIAN EDUCATION
Application Deadline: Friday, March 6, 2020 at Noon
To serve the three Native American school communities in Maine.
State of Maine Superintendent (010) certification required.
Salary and benefits are regionally competitive.
MIE is comprised of three K-8 schools located at the Indian Township Passamaquoddy Reservation, the Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Reservation (both in Washington County) and Penobscot Indian Nation (Penobscot County).
The Central Office of Maine Indian Education is located in Calais, Maine at the Wabanaki Culture Center.
High schools students are tuitioned to area high schools.
MIE and its three schools receive funding through the Bureau of Indian Education and Maine Department of Education and is responsible for meeting federal and state accountability measures.
Maine Indian Education is seeking a knowledgeable and culturally-aware Superintendent to:
Provide leadership in developing and maintaining the best possible
educational programs and services for the students of our school system.
This person will lead, guide, and direct every member of the administrative,
instructional, and support services teams in setting and achieving the highest standards of excellence in educational programs and operating systems and will be responsible for a system of supervision and evaluation for all staff designed to meet the goals of the school system.
The Superintendent will also oversee and administer the use of all facilities, property, and funds in the best interests of students and the school system.
The successful candidate must submit to substance abuse testing as required by the School Committee.
Only completed applications will be considered.
Search Committee
Maine Indian Education
39A Union Street
Calais, ME 04619
Contact: Wanda.Barlow@bie.edu
MIE Administrative Application available at: http://www.mie.bie.edu/
Native American Preference/EOE
Superintendent of Schools - MSAD 49
Albion, Benton, Clinton and Fairfield, MAINE
Application Deadline: Open until a suitable candidate is found
The School Board of the Maine School Administrative District 49 (MSAD 49) seeks an experienced and visionary school leader to oversee its PreK-12 educational programs in the district. The district has 2,074 students and 416 staff. Schools in the district include the Fairfield Primary School (PreK-K), three elementary schools (Albion, Clinton, Benton), Lawrence Junior High School and Lawrence High School. Students also have the opportunity to attend the Mid-Maine Technical Center in Waterville.
The district strives to inspire and promote a positive learning environment. In this environment students learn to become both critical and creative thinkers so that they can engage with the larger world with thoughtfulness and empathy.
MSAD 49's Next Educational Leader Will Demonstrate:
Proven leadership skills in both the academic and operations realms
Exemplary communication skills (verbal and written)
A passion for enhancing student achievement, as well as promoting and supporting professional development for educators in the district
Proven expertise in developing and implementing curriculum, programs, and educational practices that improve teaching and learning in K-12 environments
Well-developed skills in operations and financial management- strong working knowledge of budget development and management
Ability to forge positive working relations with students, staff, parents, and the general public
Strong working knowledge of state and federal educational policies, programs and laws
Proven experience handling personnel and labor relations
Ability to both develop and work closely with educational management/leadership team
Experience with the development and execution of short and long-term maintenance plans for school buildings and grounds
Best practices in School Board and Superintendent relations
Ability to lead district through new school construction process
Passion for life-long learning and self-improvement as a leader
High level of Emotional Intelligence
Experience, as well as a positive track record as a Superintendent of Schools
Minimum of a Master's Degree in educational administration or equivalent in a related field
Must hold an active Maine State Superintendent certification (010)
Salary commensurate with qualifications and experience.
Key job responsibilities include but are not limited to:
Providing effective leadership in the academic and operations realms
Creating, implementing and maintaining positive, comprehensive and productive educational programs
Building and maintaining a positive culture for students and employees
School Finance/Budgeting
School Facilities Management
Interested candidates should submit the following materials:
Current Resume - Curricula Vitae accepted in addition to resume
Letter of Interest - Addressed to MSAD49 School Board
Statement on philosophy of educational leadership
Three written recommendations
Copy of active Maine State Superintendent certification (010)
Completed MSAD 49 employment application available at:
https://tinyurl.com/msad49jobs
No incomplete applications will be considered.
Mail or email applications to:
MSAD 49
Board Chair – Superintendent Search
amber.lafrance@msad49.org
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE POSITIONS
PRINCIPAL – RSU 21, kENNEBUNK hIGH sCHOOL - kENNEBUNK, mAINE
DATE AVAILABLE: JULY 1, 2020
Bring a love for what you do and your expertise to Kennebunk High School as our next principal, where you will deliver measurable results in leadership, student achievement, and staff engagement. Kennebunk High School consistently ranks as one of the best high schools in Maine, and as principal you will continue to amplify and strengthen our mission to:
Develop Productive Global Citizens with innovative learning like our International Baccalaureate program (the first in Maine), internships, and community service requirements.
Build Student Knowledge by embracing our multiple pathways model,including IB/AP/STEM, Career and Technical Education, dual enrollment choices, project-based learning opportunities, and school-to-work transition programs.
Build Student Character by celebrating diversity, equity, and inclusion with an engaged and dynamic student population.
Drive our student success further by attracting, supporting, empowering, and developing our amazing team of dedicated teachers and staff. Demonstrate your results in delivering on a vision, managing stakeholder relations, and inspiring positive student outcomes. Share your point of view, openness, and join our ongoing work on Universal Design for Learning, social-emotional learning, and Restorative Practices, among other educational innovations.
RSU 21 is an equal opportunity employer. We strive to be a welcoming and inclusive community that supports the safety and well-being of all of our students and staff. We are committed to implementing programs and practices that support diversity, equity, and inclusion. As a part of this commitment, we welcome all applicants. RSU 21 does not discriminate based on race, color, gender, gender identity, orientation, disability, religion, age, national origin, or any other status protected under federal, state, or local law. If you are a person of color, LGBTQ+, disabled, or belong to any protected class, we encourage you to apply. Our diversity strengthens our mission to produce global citizens.
Our newly renovated school serves 750 students and 100 staff members for the communities of Arundel, Kennebunk, and Kennebunkport. Our scenic coastal location offers a great quality of life, rich in cultural, natural, and economic opportunities. Check us out online: www.rsu21.net, Instagram: @rsu21 or #iamrsu21, Twitter: @PhilPotenziano, @KennebunkHS
By February 10, 2020, submit a complete application, resume, and proof of (or eligibility for) ME certification.
Print: Superintendent of Schools Office
177 Alewive Road
Email pdf: sallen@rsu21.net
https://www.rsu21.net/khs-principal-opening
BUSINESS MANAGER – SANFORD SCHOOL DEPARTMENT - SANFORD, MAINE
APPLICATION DEADLINE: JOB WILL BE POSTED UNTIL FILLED
DATE AVAILABLE: JANUARY 2020
The Sanford School Department is conducting a search for a Business Administrator who will oversee all business and accounting functions of the School Department, including payroll and benefits, accounts payable and receivable, procurement, reconciliations, grant programs, budget preparation, state and federal reporting, and school construction projects.
Ideal applicants will possess skills and experience in:
School Business Management: Federal and State Reporting, Fund Accounting Processes, Effective Communications, Strategic Planning, Budgeting
Cash Management: Cash Collection and Disbursement, Cash Flow Analysis, Reconciliation Processes, Student Activity Accounts
School Construction: Request for Proposals and Bidding, construction funding and SRRFs
School Organization and Operations: School committees, City governance, Analyzing Economic Factors, Liaison with City Financial Personnel, Developing procedures for cost-effectiveness
Insurance and Risk Management: Workers Compensation, Property/Casualty and Liability insurance, Health insurance, Cafeteria Plans, Errors and Omission Insurance, Methods of Risk Management
Labor Relations & Employment Law: Collective Bargaining, Wage and hour, Discrimination, COBRA, FMLA, Federal & State Retirement Issues
Payroll & Related Personnel Issues: State and Federal payroll laws and regulations, Tax regulations, Employee retirement plans, Aspects of completing payroll and direct deposits
Revenue, Expenditures and Budgeting: Maine's Essential Program and Services (State Aid), Federal and State Programs, Forecasting, Accounting Manuals, Fund Accounting, Journal Entries, external audit, internal controls
Purchasing: Bidding, Reviewing Contracts, Lease Purchases, Bonding, Borrowing and Investing, Arbitrage
Support Services: Transportation, Facilities, Food Service, Technology, Performing Arts Center
Technology Skills: Experience with ADS ProFund software systems, Maine Department of Education MEDMS/NEO software, Microsoft Office software are highly desirable.
Fundraising: Manage separate non-profit 501c3 and serve as donor liaison.
Public speaking: Board presentations, public hearings, district PD on insurance and health
Position Type: Full-Time
Preferred candidate would hold or be eligible for Maine Association of School Business Officials "School Business Official lll, Certification."
Active CPA license required
Minimum of 5 years relevant experience in supervisory role
Experience in auditing and financial reporting, non-profit organization preferred
Citizenship, residency or work Visa required
Apply for this job online at: http://www.schoolspring.com/job?3209609
Matt Nelson, Superintendent
OUT OF STATE ADMINISTRATIVE POSITIONS
Superintendent of Schools – Alisal Union School District, Salinas, California
Application Deadline: January 16, 2020
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS – North Gem School District, Bancroft, Idaho
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS – Montgomery County R-II School District, Montgomery City, Missouri
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS – SAU 84, Littleton School District, Littleton, NEW HAMPSHIRE
Assistant SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS – SAU 70, Hanover and Norwich SCHOOL DISTRICT, Hanover, New Hampshire and Norwich, Vermont
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS – Sag Harbor Union Free School District, NEw York
Superintendent of Schools– smithtown central SCHOOL DISTRICT, on Long Island, western suffolk county,
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS – North Wasco County School District 21, The Dalles, Oregon
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS – Quileute Tribal School, La Push, Washington
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS – School District of La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS – School District of Sheboygan Falls, Sheboygan Falls, WISCONSIN
If your school unit is interested in having administrative vacancies listed on this site, please email notice to Steven Bailey.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The three main components to social media success are quality, consistency, and authenticity. With that said, creating and curating the content to uphold this standard can be a tedious process that leaves you feeling drained at the end of the day. Social media management can be one of the most time-consuming parts of your routine.
If keeping up with social media management seems like another full-time job to you, that's because it is another full-time job! The reality is, you have enough to do. Social media management tends to fall to the wayside, even though you know it should be a top priority.
We have some time-saving tips that will help you embrace social media's potential to grow your business without sacrificing all your time to the almighty screen.
Taking one designated time to create content is much easier than trying to find the time to do so every single day. Trust us.
Set aside 20 – 30 minutes a week to create and schedule social content for the following week, so you're always a week ahead and the content is still timely and relevant.
Content schedulers are a social media manager's best friend. With content schedulers, you write or paste in content you want to be published (along with appropriate photos, videos, or links), pick the date and time you want it to be published, and voila! You can schedule ahead as far as you'd like.
We suggest Buffer or Later. Both platforms are simple to use, provide valuable analytics, and auto-publish to Instagram!
Part of social success for your brand is being involved in the conversation that's happening about you online. Actively responding to your audience's inquiries builds stronger relationships and customer loyalty.
If you are active on many platforms, it can be hard to keep up with the conversation. With apps like Nuvi & SproutSocial, you can see conversations happening about your brand in real time.
Work smarter, not harder. This timeless saying can't be emphasized enough.
If you have a bank of evergreen content, use it! Turn your old content into new content by repurposing it into blogs, a series of social posts, stand-alone campaigns, videos, and infographics. While we appreciate your ambition, recreating the wheel isn't necessary for each post. Repurposed content gives your material a longer shelf life and creates less work for you.
It's important to relate to and solve problems for your audience, but social selling is a science that can't be done with one sole message. Part of enforcing the credibility in your message is to find reputable sources that speak on similar topics.
Curating content from other reputable sources not only breaks up the monotony on your page, but also reinforces the message you are delivering.
Bonus: curating content saves you valuable time because the brunt of the work is already done for you.
Sources like Feedly and Alltop allow you to curate based on hashtags, topics, or specific URLs.
Another way to curate content is to search hashtags for articles about the topics you're speaking on. For example, if you are writing content about summer reading, you can search #summerreading on the platform of your choice, then pick/post the article that you think your audience will get the most out of.
What's more frustrating than trying to find the time to strategize, post, and engage? Finding the time to do all of the above and falling flat.
Social platforms have built-in analytics that give you details on post performance, audience, and more. Some platforms have more detailed analytics than others, but regardless, you can still gauge content performance from what these analytics tell you. Use those analytics to plan your future content. They will tell you what's working and what's not.
Waiting in the parent pick-up line at school? Waiting for your lunch? Sitting in the waiting room at the doctor's office? Struck by inspiration in a random place, away from your laptop? Good news – you can create and schedule content via mobile apps before you are interrupted.
You can create posts right in the platforms themselves, such as Facebook Pages manager, or schedule them from your phone with your scheduling app (like Later or Buffer, as mentioned above).
How are you making your social media management easier? We'd love to know your tips!


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Judicial Review When a New Administration Changes Course: The Surprising Supreme Court Decision that Saved Countless Lives
Posted on January 27, 2016 by Robert Percival
In an excellent December 21st blog post ("Are Obama's Climate Pledges Really that 'Legally Durable'?") Richard Stoll questions two of the premises behind my assessment of the legal durability of U.S pledges at the recent Paris climate conference. In particular he challenges my conclusions that EPA's Clean Power Plan is likely to survive judicial review and that its repeal by a new president would require a lengthy rulemaking process that could be rejected on judicial review.
First, he correctly notes that "EPA's authority to regulate GHG emissions is not at issue in the challenges now pending in the D.C. Circuit." But my belief that the Obama administration's Clean Power Plan ultimately will be upheld in the Supreme Court is not founded principally on the Court's repeated affirmation of Massachusetts v. EPA. My reasons for believing the Clean Power Plan ultimately will be upheld are discussed in detail here. I agree that it will be close, probably 5-4, with Justice Kennedy likely casting the deciding vote.
Second, Stoll argues that a new administration is free to reverse course and that there is no heightened scrutiny from reviewing courts when it seeks to do so. I agree entirely. In fact, that is precisely what the Supreme Court held in Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Ass'n v. State Farm, the case cited in my initial posting. In fact, State Farm is the very case the D.C. Circuit relied on when it applied those long-settled principles in National Association of Home Builders v. EPA, the case Stoll cites.
But the State Farm case also provides a powerful lesson that a new administration must have a good reason for changing course beyond knee-jerk opposition to federal regulation. In State Farm the new Reagan administration sought to rescind a regulation by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) that required passive restraints in new automobiles. Like the Clean Power Plan, the regulation had been the subject of considerable political controversy and it was bitterly opposed by the auto industry. Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca had famously endorsed the notion that air bags were more suited to serve as a method of capital punishment than as safety devices. The Supreme Court later observed that "the automobile industry waged the regulatory equivalent of war against the airbag and lost."
Less than one month after taking office, the Reagan administration reopened the passive restraint rulemaking. Two months later it postponed the effective date of the passive restraint regulation and proposed its rescission. The White House Press Office announced the decision, describing it as part of a package of "economic recovery" measures. After a six-month rulemaking, NHTSA rescinded the passive restrain regulation, despite the agency's previous estimate that it would save 12,000 lives per year and prevent more than 100,000 serious injuries annually.
When NHTSA's decision was challenged in the D.C. Circuit, the prevailing assumption was that "arbitrary and capricious" review was so toothless that it rarely could be used to overturn an agency's decision. Instead, the D.C. Circuit panel struck down the rescission decision by announcing a new standard of judicial review – that sudden reversals of course by an agency required heightened judicial scrutiny. [State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Department of Transportation, 680 F.2d 206 (D.C. Cir. 1982), affirmed on other grounds 463 U.S. 29 (1983)].
The Supreme Court then granted review. The Justices unanimously rejected the D.C. Circuit's conclusion that a new administration's sudden change of course required heightened judiciary scrutiny. But the Court surprised most observers by declaring NHTSA's rescission of the rule to be arbitrary and capricious. In an opinion by Justice White, the Court held that NHTSA had "failed to present an adequate basis and explanation for rescinding the passive restraint requirement . . ."
What State Farm powerfully illustrates is that a new administration cannot simply impose its ideological preference for less regulation to quickly rescind a rule as the Reagan administration tried to do to eliminate passive restraint requirements. The auto industry then was as vehement in its opposition to air bags as states opposing EPA's Clean Power Plan are now. But because the record supported the extraordinary life-saving potential of airbags, the Court held that the regulation could not be repealed without the agency coming up with a new record or a better explanation for doing so. Due to this surprising Supreme Court decision hundreds of thousands of lives have been saved and millions of serious injuries prevented.
To be sure, the Supreme Court did not order that air bags be required. Rather it required the agency to offer more than ideological opposition to regulation as a justification for repealing the rule. Archival research I conducted in the papers of the late Justice Thurgood Marshall revealed a memorandum from Justice White stating that for at least one aspect of its decision he doubted that NHTSA on remand "would find it too difficult to cover its tracks based on the present record." I agree with Stoll that a new administration could repeal the Clean Power Plan. But State Farm cautions that it should not act too hastily if it wishes such a decision to withstand judicial review.
In the wake of the State Farm decision both President Reagan and Lee Iacocca eventually changed their minds about the merits of air bags. The fascinating story of how Transportation Secretary Elizabeth Dole helped persuade President Reagan that air bags should be required is told in Michael R. Lemov, Car Safety Wars: One Hundred Years of Technology, Politics and Death (2015). Perhaps today's fierce opponents of EPA's Clean Power Plan ultimately will have a similar epiphany concerning the merits of the Clean Power Plan and the transition to a greener energy infrastructure.
Tags: Judicial Review, Clean Power Plan, Paris Climate Agreement
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Extreme Networks is to acquire Brocade Communications Systems' data centre, switching, routing, and analytics business for $55m (£44m) - part of a bid to beef up its portfolio and take on Switchzilla – aka Cisco.
The deal follows Ethernet switch and wireless vendor Brocade's acquisition by Broadcom for $5.9bn last year.
Extreme expects the acquisition to boost its revenue by $230m (£185m). For the full-year 2016 the business posted revenue of $528m (£424m).
Earlier this month Extreme said it plans to pay $100m (£80m) to acquire Avaya's networking business just months after Avaya said it was seeking Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. It said the Avaya deal will generate over $200m (£160m) in annual revenue.
Last year Extreme completed the acquisition of Zebra Technology's wireless LAN business for $55m.
Ed Meyercord, president of Extreme Networks, said: "The addition of Brocade's data center networking business significantly strengthens our position in the expanding high-end data center market and reinforces our strategy of delivering software-driven networking solutions focused on enterprise customers."
He said the deal will also expand its commercial relationship with Broadcom.
Lloyd Carney, chief exec of Brocade said: "Extreme is highly complementary to our data center switching, routing, and analytics business on many levels, and represents a positive outcome for our customers, partners, and employees."


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Home » Cricket » 5 Indian players for whom 2015 Zimbabwe tour matters a lot
5 Indian players for whom 2015 Zimbabwe tour matters a lot
in Cricket Jul 3, 2015	0 313 Views
As a long and grueling season came to an end with the series loss at the hands of Bangladesh in ODIs there was a lot of guessing about the team that would be travelling to Zimbabwe and the selection committee did make some exciting and unexpected additions and omissions to the squad. The changes were made after some "senior" players called for a rest in order to get over the fatigue and prepare themselves for another long season. In this article we would like to focus on 5 players for whom the Zimbabwe series holds enormous importance.
The selection committee has shown a lot of faith in the Mumbai lad and entrusted him to lead the team for the tour, but this call was severely contested by the media at the presser after the team was announced. Amidst getting dropped for the final two games in Bangladesh the selectors chose him and stated that they would like to see him perform with an added responsibility. Rahane has been performing well across all formats and this tour presents him a perfect opportunity to silence his critics and emerge out as another option for captaincy as well.
Manoj Tiwary
If one goes tries to make a list of the "unlucky" Indian cricketers in the last 8-10 years then Tiwary would find himself on top of the list. His Indian debut was cut short after he injured his shoulder on the eve of the match and then when he made his debut he was facing Brett Lee on a juicy Gabba wicket just 18 hours after flown in as a cover, since then he has done catching up to find a spot in the Indian squad. Sizeable and handy contributions in the 8 matches he has played since have not been enough to make him a regular feature in the squad. The upcoming tour is a golden opportunity for the Bengal captain to make a mark with the bat and regain his Indian cap.
Robin Uthappa
His inclusion as the wicketkeeper-batsman in the team in absence of MS Dhoni has placed him as his backup in the limited overs. After he was dropped from the team in 2008, Uthappa had a couple of really good IPL seasons but then his performance dipped drastically. He went out of way to find a personal batting coach in Pravin Amre and since then he has found his consistency in domestic cricket and the IPL for Kolkata Knight Riders and piled up the runs. A good show with the bat and behind stumps will boost his chance to be the replacement for Dhoni if the captain decides to retire in the shorter formats as well in the near future.
It has been a little over 4 years that the off spinner has turned out in colors for India and after a good IPL season he's back in the mix and will be the most experienced player in the side. He would've drawn confidence from his outing against Bangladesh in the test and like to carry it forward with him in the limited overs format as well. Bhajji has started to give the ball a bit of air again and is also bowling good lines to entice the batsmen in the trap so wickets against Zimbabwe will bolster his chances to become a permanent feature in the squad especially in the wake of dip in performances of Ravindra Jadeja.
Bhuvneshwar Kumar
Season 8 of the IPL saw the advent of Bhuvneshwar Kumar as a specialist death over bowler, but unfortunately in the process he has lost out on the skills with the new ball. He was not as effective with the new ball in the IPL and continued the trend in the Bangladesh series as well. His wicket taking ability in the early overs is crucial to India's bowling performances but a bowling average of 36 is not a reflection of his ability to make the ball talk. The Zimbabwe series gives Bhuvi ample chances to get back to his previous best else his lackluster performances alongside his pace will push him back in the pecking order.
What do you think about this analysis? Share your views with us in comment section. 🙂
Ajinkya Rahane Bhuvneswar Kumar Harbhajan Singh IND vs ZIM 2015 India vs Zimbabwe Indian Cricket Team Manoj Tiwary Robin Uthappa	2015-07-03
Tagged with: Ajinkya Rahane Bhuvneswar Kumar Harbhajan Singh IND vs ZIM 2015 India vs Zimbabwe Indian Cricket Team Manoj Tiwary Robin Uthappa
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Q: Table design for user sessions: highly-frequent selecting/updating of rows, that are subsequently not often touched I have a use-case where we are required to keep track of certain metrics within user sessions. Now, these metrics/stats update very often with each action/event that occurs (hundreds of times in several minutes per active user).
My current setup is simple: SQL Server table with the metric fields and an expiry datetime field. With every update done to the row, this expiry date is also updated to 5 minutes in the future. As longs as the expiry date is in the future, the current session is updated, otherwise a new one is created.
I have an index on the userId, some other related id column and on the expiry date column.
But as soon as load on the application increases, some queries (both selects and updates) on this table are really slow (10 seconds) and slow everything down to the point the application crashes.
I am assuming this occurs due to the large number of selects and updates on an ever-increasing field (expiry datetime) that is indexed? I still have to confirm this hypothesis.
Is anything fundamentally wrong with my table architecture? How would you approach something like this? Could in an intermediary table fix the problem?
Thanks a lot in advance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Godfrid may refer to:

Gudfred (died 810), king of the Danes
Godfrid Haraldsson (820–56), son of King Harald Klak in Jutland
Godfrid, Duke of Frisia (died 885), Viking duke in Frisia
Godfrid Storms (1911–2003), Dutch professor of Old and Middle English Literature

See also
Godfrey (name)
Gottfried
Gofraid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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When your dentist retires, or you have just moved to a new city, you need reliable dental care for you and your family. At Parkey & Davis DDS, the staff and doctors themselves know what excellent restorative, preventive and cosmetic dental services look like because they deliver them to the Jonesboro area residents every day. Of course, don't take their word for it. Investigate providers yourself.
First, do research. Ask for referrals from sources who know your area well. For instance, talk to friends, neighbors or coworkers. What dental office do they go to?
Additionally, look to the internet. Online rating services have a wealth of information about all kinds of health care providers. Read up on credentials, hours of operation and services offered. Also, while 5-star ratings aren't always 100 percent reliable, they may give you a general idea of how well a particular dentist is liked.
Next, call your state's branch of the American Dental Association or the dental school attached to the university nearest you. Get the name of more than one local dentist. For the Jonesboro area, contact the Arkansas State Dental Association.
When you have secured some names, look at the provider's website for information on services provided, office hours, and doctor's credentials and professional associations. Some websites contain patient testimonials. Look for a decided focus on patients in the way of newsletters, blogs and patient education articles.
What qualities should you see in a Jonesboro dentist?
Education and expertise are paramount. Like Drs. Parkey and Davis, the dentist you pick should have graduated from a fully accredited dental college. Plus, he or she should have ample continuing education hours and/or belong to dental study groups which keep skills current and sharp.
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| Comedy, | 16 August 2008 (USA)
Danielle Fishel | Danielle Fishel | Danielle Fishel |
The Dish was a satirical television series that aired on the Style Network in the United States. The show, hosted by Danielle Fishel, skewers the latest in pop culture in similar fashion to sister network E! Entertainment Television's series The Soup. The show also aired on International E! channels alongside The Soup. The show's final episode aired March 20, 2011.
Watch The Dish Seasons
EP289: The Dish #289 Dec 04, 2010
Season 2 76 Episodes
EP1: Season 2, Episode 1 May 23, 2009
EP3: Season 2, Episode 3 Jun 06, 2009
EP7: Season 2, Episode 7 Jul 04, 2009
EP9: Season 2, Episode 9 Aug 01, 2009
EP10: Season 2, Episode 10 Aug 08, 2009
EP14: Season 2, Episode 14 Sep 05, 2009
EP20: Season 2, Episode 20 Oct 17, 2009
EP26: Crazy for Love: TV's Most Insane Lovers & Fighters Nov 28, 2009
EP27: Season 2, Episode 27 Dec 05, 2009
EP28: The Top 20 Freaks of the Year Dec 12, 2009
EP29: Crazy for Love: TV's Most Insane Lovers & Fighters Dec 12, 2009
EP30: Best and Worst Moments of the Year Jan 02, 2010
EP31: Season 2, Episode 31 Jan 09, 2010
EP35: Season 2, Episode 35 Feb 06, 2010
EP39: Season 2, Episode 39 Mar 06, 2010
EP43: Season 2, Episode 43 Apr 03, 2010
EP47: Season 2, Episode 47 May 01, 2010
EP51: The Dish's Salute to TV Fights & Feuds May 29, 2010
EP52: Season 2, Episode 52 Jun 05, 2010
EP56: Season 2, Episode 56 Jul 03, 2010
EP75: Season 2, Episode 75 Nov 06, 2010
EP81: The Dish Salutes 2010's Craziest Moments Dec 18, 2010
EP87: 100th Episode Feb 20, 2011
EP4: Season 1, Episode 4 Sep 06, 2008
EP8: Season 1, Episode 8 Oct 04, 2008
EP14: 1x14 Nov 15, 2008
EP15: 1x15 Jan 01, 0001
Danielle Fishel as
[2014] Girl Meets World
[2008] The Dish
[1995] Kirk
[1993] Boy Meets World
Similar TV Series to The Dish


At the request of Yorkshire Publishing, a PB copy was sent, at no cost to me, for my honest opinion.
Synopsis: (portion from book's back cover) Death Of A Cure is a novel of mystery, suspense, and action. The murder of one good many by a respected colleague is more than a crushing personal deception, it is an unequaled violation of the trust of thousands afflicted by a horrible disease.
In a first person account, the brother of the murdered man, a military surgeon born to wealth and accustomed to success, is thrust into the rose of homicide investigator. Quickly, discovering that his skills as a detective are frustratingly insufficient, he calls upon a woman from his past for help. Together they unravel layers of evil and organized deception revealing that the rue work of this healthcare charity has little to do with curing the terrible disease born by a trusting constituency.
My Thoughts and Opinion: Within the first four (4) pages of this book, the mystery begins and had this reader wondering "who is it". The author has the unique writing style of using the more difficult use of first (1st person) perspective throughout the entire story line. I was, however, a bit disappointed after those first four pages. The next 1/3 of this book was a mix of extreme detailed events that bordered on boredom for this reader. Once getting past that portion, the mystery began again. The author also had the ability to convey, with his words, certain graphic situations within the story line. I also found that even with the large cast of characters, it was easy to see who the "who is it" was. It was a good read but this reader, and this is my opinion only, found it lacked a consistent page turning mystery novel.


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Q: Pandas DataFrame combine rows by column value, where Date Rows are NULL Scenerio:
Parse the PDF Bank statement and transform into clean and formatted csv file.
What I've tried:
I manage to parse the pdf file(tabular format) using camelot library but failed to produce the desired result in sense of formatting.
Code:
import camelot
import pandas as pd

tables = camelot.read_pdf('test.pdf', pages = '3')

for i, table in enumerate(tables):
    print(f'table_id:{i}')
    print(f'page:{table.page}')
    print(f'coordinates:{table._bbox}')

tables = camelot.read_pdf('test.pdf', flavor='stream', pages = '3')

columns = df.iloc[0]

df.columns = columns
df = df.drop(0)
df.head()

for c in df.select_dtypes('object').columns:
    df[c] = df[c].str.replace('$', '')
    df[c] = df[c].str.replace('-', '')

def convert_to_float(num):
    try:
        return float(num.replace(',',''))
    except:
        return 0

for col in ['Deposits', 'Withdrawals', 'Balance']:
    df[col] = df[col].map(convert_to_float)

My_Result:

Desired_Output:

The logic I came up with is to move those rows up i guess n-1 if date column is NaN i don't know if this logic is right or not.Can anyone help me to sort out this properly?
I tried pandas groupby and aggregation functions but it only merging the whole data and removing NaN and duplicate dates which is not suitable because every entry is necessary.

A: Using Transform -
df.loc[~df.Date.isna(), 'group'] = 1
g = df.group.fillna(0).cumsum()
df['Description'] = df.groupby(g)['Description'].transform(' '.join)
new_df =  df.loc[~df['Date'].isna()]