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Wabtec and Mining's Electric Evolution
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on International Mining.
It is a fascinating article, that describes how Wabtec are applying similar technology to the very large trucks used in mining and quarrying, that have been used in railway locomotives for decades.
AC electric final drives, overhead electrification and autonomous systems are all detailed.
They also talk about power agnostic technology, that can handle electricity no matter how it is provided.
It looks to me, that electric power will decarbonise these important industries.
The Quarrying Paradox
In the UK, we quarry a lot of stone and aggregate in places like the Mendips and the Peak District.
So will the quarrying companies go down the electric route for their on-site operations?
If the electric systems from Wabtec and other companies work reliably and reduce pollution, costs and carbon emissions, I can see no reason, why they shouldn't.
But then, you have just quarried thousands of tonnes of zero-carbon aggregate and Freightliner et al, then haul it to where it is needed using a Class 66 locomotive, that emits more pollution and carbon emissions, than you have saved.
We need zero-carbon heavy-haul freight locomotives, powered by hydrogen or batteries now!
October 22, 2021 Posted by AnonW | Energy, Hydrogen, Transport/Travel	| Battery-Electric Locomotives, Decarbonisation, Hydrogen-Powered Locomotives, Mining, Quarrrying, Wabtec | 5 Comments
Albannach Island: Multi-Million Pound Green Energy Plans Would Create 300 Construction Jobs
The title of this post, is the same as that of this article on the Aberdeen Press and Journal.
This is the introductory paragraphs.
A multi-million pound green energy power venture – called Albannach Island – would give a much-needed jobs boost to Caithness.
Highview Power is behind the plans to build a liquid air energy storage plant in a disused part of a quarry in Spittal, adjoining the most northerly stretch of the A9.
The plant appears to be a 50MW/250 MWh CRYOBattery, that is probably similar in size to the one currently being built by Highview Power at Carrington, near Manchester.
This Google map of the North-East corner of Scotland, shows the location.
John O'Groats is in the North-East corner of the map.
The red arrow shows the location of the A & D Sutherland quarry, where the Highview Power's CRYOBattery will be located.
This second Google map shows the location in more detail.
The A & D Sutherland quarry is in the South-East corner of the map.
The CRYOBattery will use five acres at the North of the quarry site.
In the North-West corner of the map is the Spittal sub-station.
The Spital sub-station is described like this on the Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks web site.
Spittal is a new electricity convertor station and is part of the £1.1bn Caithness-Moray project which represents the largest investment in the north of Scotland's electricity network since the hydro development era of the 1950s and is the largest capital investment project undertaken by the SSE Group to date. It is also the largest Living Wage contract ever awarded in the UK, demonstrating SSEN's strong commitment to ensure all employees working on its sites get a fair day's pay for a fair day's work.
It looks like the CRYOBattery will be the cherry on top of the very billion pound cake of the Caithness-Moray Link.
We'll be seeing more battery installations like this to stabilise power.
Nothing is said in the article, about who is paying for the battery. The only clue is it talks about Highview as a London-based conglomerate.
I wonder, if the company has formed a partnership with one of the energy trusts or a battery site developer.
May 6, 2021 Posted by AnonW | Energy, Energy Storage	| Albannach Island, Highview Power, Quarrrying, Scotland | 3 Comments
£14m Peak District Rail Freight Extension Unveiled
The title of this post is the same as that of this article on Rail Technology Magazine.
I discussed this project in full in Peak District Freight Sidings Get £18m Network Rail Boost, where I showed this Google Map of the sidings at Buxton, where the stone trains must reverse.
This latest Google Map, which is to a more detailed scale and 3D, clearly shows the lengthened sidings alongside the Manchester-Buxton Line.
Note the footbridge across the lines appears in both maps.
It looks to me that Network Rail have managed to implement this freight project to bring more stone out of the Peak District by train.
As the cost of the completed project is quoted as less than the figure quoted before the project started., the project could even have been completed within the budget.
This has been a project when £18million has been spent for these benefits.
Each train will transport 2,500 tonnes of materials.
Each train will take 76 lorry loads from the roads.
Less trains will be needed to transport the same tonnage.
How many other small projects like this could be undertaken?
April 30, 2019 Posted by AnonW | Transport/Travel	| Buxton, Freight, Network Rail, Quarrrying | 2 Comments
Peak District Freight Sidings Get £18m Network Rail Boost
The title of this post is the same as this article on Rail Technology Magazine.
This Google Map shows the spa town of Buxton and the surrounding countryside.
One of the towns major industries is quarrying and the white areas to the East of the town are the quarries. The large quarry at the top of the map is Tunstead Quarry, which produces 5.5 million tonnes of limestone a year.
This paragraph from Wikipedia, sums up the uses of limestone.
Limestone has numerous uses: as a building material, an essential component of concrete (Portland cement), as aggregate for the base of roads, as white pigment or filler in products such as toothpaste or paints, as a chemical feedstock for the production of lime, as a soil conditioner, or as a popular decorative addition to rock gardens.
So how does all this limestone get to where it is needed?
This map from this document on the Network Rail web site, shows the rail lines to the quarries
Note the two freight lines.
The Great Rocks Freight Line goes between a junction near Chinley station on the Hope Valley Line to Buxton via Tunstead Quarry and is used to take heavy trains into and out of the area.
The Quarry Freight Line connects other quarries to Buxton.
Trains going to and from the quarries on the Quarry Freight Line must reverse in sidings at Buxton to access the Great Rocks Freight Line.
This Google Map shows the various lines at Buxton.
Buxton station is in the South West corner of the map and the Buxton Line to Manchester goes out at the North.
The two freight lines come to Buxton from the South East and join in the sidings that run along the Buxton Line.
I took these pictures in March 2017.
They show the sidings, as my train approached Buxton station.
It would be desirable to be able to run longer trains to and from Hindlow and Dowlow quaries on the Quarry Freight Line, but these sidings are not long enough to reverse the longer trains.
The £18million project will lengthen the sidings, so trains can consist of 26 instead of 18 wagons.
The longer trains will mean that no new train paths will be needed on the crowded rail network.
This is only a small project, but it will increase freight capacity to and from Hindlow and Dowlow quarries by forty-four percent.
August 15, 2018 Posted by AnonW | Transport/Travel	| Buxton, Freight, Quarrrying | 1 Comment
Charting An Electric Freight Future
The title of this post, is the same as the title of an informative article in the April 2018 Edition of Modern Railways, which was written by Julian Worth, who has many years experience of the rail freight industry.
This is a very comprehensive article looking at the future of motive power for freight trains.
These are points from the article, with some added comments of my own.
2040 And A Diesel-Free Rail System
Government ministers have said that by 2040, the UK will have a diesel-free railway, which will reduce emissions and especially particulates.
This page on the Government web site is entitled Let's Raise Our Ambitions For A Cleaner, Greener Railway, which gives the text of a speech by the Rail Minister; Jo Johnson.
This is part of what he said.
And that's why I am today announcing a new ambition.
I would like to see us take all diesel-only trains off the track by 2040.
If that seems like an ambitious goal – it should be and I make no apology for that.
After all, we're committed to ending sales of petrol and diesel cars by 2040.
If we can achieve that, then why can't the railway aspire to a similar objective?
Rail may be less carbon intensive than road transport.
That's why modal shift's so important.
As an engineer. I feel it is a challenge that is acceptable.
The Diesel Locomotives Are Getting Old!
The ubiquitous Class 66 locomotives, don't meet the latest emission standards, but in addition, by the late 2020s, they will be getting to thirty years old.
Other locomotives like Class 59 locomotives will be even older.
Replacement locomotives will be needed, as maintenance costs will be getting too high.
The Last-Mile Electric Locomotive
Electric locomotives with a last-mile capability away from electrification like the Class 88 locomotive could be favoured.
They could be used for terminal work and short-distance movements.
They would have a 25 KVAC capability.
They could possibly have a 750 VDC capability, to work on the third-rail network.
They would meet all the emission standards, when running on diesel.
Julian Worth suggests that the last-mile capability could be provided by a battery.
Although, this would be environmentally-friendly and better in urban areas, I think that any onboard power, should be able to take a train into and out of the Port of Felixstowe, London Gateway and the other major ports.
I met a manager of the Port of Felixstowe a few years ago and they don't like 25 KVAC wires in a dock, as containers do occasionally get dropped.
Most lines into ports and inland terminals, don't appear to be too challenging and I'm sure that an uprated Class 88 locomotive could be built, that would handle entry and exit to all the ports and terminals in the UK.
Do We Need A Freight Electrification Strategy?
Julian Worth suggests we need one for the next couple of decades.
He makes some good points.
Electric traction current is cheaper than diesel fuel.
Availability of modern electric locomotives should be better than a diesel.
Diesels may be restricted in urban areas. It could be a vote winner in Mayoral elections in the large Metropolitan areas.
He finishes this with this statement.
Crucially, switching to electric locos from around 2030 would not entail premature replacement of the current fleet and would represent necessary asset renewal in modern equivalent form.
Just imagine the outcry from the Green Movement, if these ageing diesels were to be replaced with modern diesel locomotives..
Undoubtedly, we need a well-thought out freight strategy.
GB Railfreight
This article in Rail Magazine is entitled GB Railfreight In 'Locomotive Acquisition' Talks.
So at least one freight company is looking for new motive power. GB Railfreight has a fleet of seventy-eight Class 66 locomotives with other locomotives in the ageing category. Some of their work like hauling the Caledonian Sleeper needs well-presented reliable locomotives, so perhaps they need to update their image.
It will be interesting to see what type and class of locomotive they buy.
Rail Freight Has Changed
Coal to power stations used to be the dominant freight on UK railways.
But n0t any more! Thank goodness!
The major freight on UK railways is intermodal or trains of containers from port to inland terminal and vice versa.
There is also a large growth in construction materials, miuch of it going from quarries in the West Country and the Peak District to the South East of England. To send this any other way than by train, would surely be madness.
There also seems to be an increasing number of trains carrying new vehicles to and from the Continent. More will surely start to use the Channel Tunnel.
Julian Worth says this, after summarising the freight flows.
This suggests modest extensions of electrification might permit much of the construction and intermodal businesses, together with most automotive traffic, to be electrically hauled throughout.
He then goes on to say that the big gap is Felixstowe to Peterborough, Nuneaton and Birmingham.
The Port of Felixstowe
I partly grew up in the town and never thought the port would grow to the size, it is today.
I also remember in the 1980s, when only the odd intermodal train was to be seen on the Felixstowe Branch Line.
Now, a dozen trains in each direction on every day take the route between Felixstowe and the Midlands.
The Felixstowe Branch Line is being upgraded to raise the number of trains from the port from 33 to 48.
The Great Eastern Main Line and the routes through North London are close to capacity.
The direct route via Peterborough is a lot shorter than the London route.
Julian Worth states, that the number of trains between Felixstowe and the Midlands could rise to as high as fifty every day.
Routes That Should Be Electrified For Freight
Julian Worth suggests that the following routes should be electrified.
Route 1 – London Gateway to Thames Haven Junction
If you electrify Felixstowe to the Midlands, this will remove some diesel freight trains from London.
It would be stupid to replace them with diesel freight trains from London Gateway. So it would be fairly logical to electrify the connecting route to London Gateway.
This Google Map shows London Gateway and the rail connection to the electrified London, Tilbury and Southend Railway.
The electrified London, Tilbury and Southend Railway, runs North-South at the extreme left of the map.
The connecting spur curves East on what appears to be a new chord before accessing sidings on the North side of London Gateway.
There would appear to be a lot of space to expand the port.
The rail spur to the port is double track.
It looks like their are sat least five sidings for handling freight trains.
The sidings are double-ended, so last-mile capable electric locomotives could run round trains, without the need for electrification.
It would have appeared to have been designed for electrification.
Full details on London Gateway's plans for rail access are given here in the Wikipedia entry for London Gateway, under Rail Terminal.
This is a quick summary.
Freight trains will use the newly-electrified Gospel Oak to Barking Line to access the West Coast Main Line.
Freight trains have a route to the Channel Tunnel.
London Gateway has planning permission for a second rail terminal.
In other places Wikipedia says the port is highly-automated.
I am led to the conclusion, that the Gospel Oak to Barking Line will see a high number of electric freight trains in the future.
I'm not surprised that Julian Worth says the spur currently handles sixteen trains per day and is set to grow significantly.
I certainly wouldn't buy a house on the Gospel Oak to Barking Line.
Route 2 – Nuneaton To Birmingham Lawley Street
If Felixstowe to Nuneaton is electrified, then this extends the electrification to the massive Lawley Street Freightliner Terminal, which is in central Birmingham.
This diagram from Wikipedia shows the route.
Lawley Street Freightliner Terminal, is on the short spur at the top of the diagram.
iThis electrification would also complete a fully-electrified route between Birmingham New Street station and Sansted Airport, so CrossCountry could use electric trains on that route, instead of the current Class 170 train, which is often overcrowded.
Would the electrification open up opportunities for more electrified local services in Birmingham?
Julian Worth says that this twenty miles carries thirty-two trains per day.
Would electrifying this route also have environmental benefits in terms of pollution?
Route 3 – Basingstoke To Southcote Junction and Oxford to Denbigh Hall Junction
This route, which connects the Port of Southampton with the West Coast Main Line, would require forty-two miles of electrification.
Consider.
It would create a fully-electrified route from Southampton to the West Coast Main Line.
Julian Worth says it carries forty-eight trains per day.
I also think, he is assuming that the Great Western Electrification extends to Oxford, which surely it will do in the next few years.
Dual voltage locomotives would be needed.
It would require electrification of part of the East West Railway.
The East West Railway is to be built as a privatised railway and I'm sure if the sums were right, they would electrify the route from Oxford to Denbigh Hall Junction.
If the Western end of the East West Railway were to be electrified, this must increase the options and operating speed for passenger trains on the route.
Route 4 – Merehead/Whatley to Newbury
Merehead and Whatley are both Quarries of the Mendip Hills.
The line is double-track and seventy-two miles long.
Julian Worth says that this route carries twenty-eight stone trains per day.
Many trains are double-size.
In a four hour period, using Real Time Trains I found,three stone trains that weighed 4,800 tonnes and had a maximum speed of 45 mph and four stone trains that weighed 2,000 tonnes and had a maximum speed of 60 mph, using the route from the Mendips to London.
With all that heavy traffic, it strikes me that their are only two ways to power these trains on the route.
Very powerful diesel locomotives, possibly working in pairs.
Very powerful 25 KVAC electric locomotives, which would need electrification, able to supply lots of amps.
Mendip Rail currently run these services using Class 59 locomotives, which have the following characteristics.
Built in North America between 1985 and 1995.
They were the first privately-owned locomotives on the UK main line.
They have the ability to creep to shift heavy loads on gradients.
They have a maximim speed of 60-75 mph.
They are towered by a 2.5 MW diesel engine.
This extract from Wikipedia illustrates their power.
On 26 May 1991 Kenneth J Painter (59005) (with assistance from Yeoman Endeavour) set the European haulage record, with a stone train weighing 11,982 tonnes and 5,415 feet (1,650 m) long. However the so-called 'mega train' experiment was not very successful, as a coupling in the centre of the train broke.
It would appear, there was nothing wrong with the locomotives.
By the late 2020s, these locomotives will be over forty years old and although they could probably soldier on for another ten or even twenty years, the cost of maintenance will increase and reliability could decrease. You don't want a 4,800 tonne stone train blocking the Reading to Taumton Line.
I suspect too, that it is unlikely that this important stone traffic will decrease. This is said in the Wikipedia entry for Mendip Rail.
Mendip Rail's class 59s work services between various destinations which have changed over time according to demand and specific contracts. They have worked regularly over southern railway tracks, for example to the former Foster Yeoman terminals at Eastleigh and Botley, as well as delivery aggregates for construction work on the Thames Barrier, Second Severn Crossing, Channel Tunnel and most recently Heathrow Terminal 5, which required 3 million tonnes of stone.
Mendip Rail hauls about 4.5 million tonnes of stone from Torr Works each year, and about 2.5 million tonnes from Whatley Quarry.
I suspect that these stone flows will continue and there will come a time in the not-to-distant future, where new locomotives will be required.
The Class 59 locomotives were built for these stone trains and have a maximum tractive effort of 507 kN at just 7 mph.
A large electric Class 92 locomotive has a maximum tractive effort of only 400 kN.
But I suspect that engineers can design an electric locomotive, that can handle these trains either by themselves or working in a pair.
So there will be a choice between a very powerful diesel locomotive or a very powerful electric one.
Will those that live by the railway and environmentalists accept new diesel locomotives?
Electric locomotives would require the line to be electrified.
Electrification would allow Great Western Railway to run their Class 800 trains more efficiently using the wires.
Would those who live by the railway, accept the electrification of the line?
It's a difficult choice.
Route 5 – Felixstowe to Ipswich. Haughley Junction to Peterborough and Helpston to Nuneaton
This would be a big project, as it would require 146 miles of new electrification.
But the return could be worthwhile, as currently the route handles twenty trains per day and once the Felixstowe Branch Line has more double track, this figure could rise to fifty-six trains per day.
At Ipswich, Peterborough and Nuneaton, the route connects to fully-electrified lines.
My project management knowledge tends to electrifying this line from East to West as almost three separate projects.
Felixstowe to Ipswich
Haughley Junction to Peterborough
Helpston to Nuneaton
It could even be five, if Helpston to Nuneaton was split into two at either Leicester or the Midland Main Line.
I have three general questions.
When the gauge clearance was undertaken a few years ago, were bridges raised to accommodate wires as well?
Will the natives object to fifty trains per day?
Will the line be resignalled to handle the greater number of trains?
Once the full route is electrified, the number of trains to and from Felixstowe , that used the Great Eastern Main Line and the routes through London would drop. Obviously, some trains like those between Felixstowe and Wales and the West Country would still need to use the London routes.
But overall, this would allow a mixture of the following.
Higher passenger train frequencies on the North London Line
Higher passenger train frequencies on the Gospel Oak To Barking Line
More freight trains to and from London Gateway could use the cross-London routes.
The last point would mean, that electric locomotives would need to have access to London Gateway.
I will detail my thoughts on Felixstowe to the Midlands electrification in the next three sub-sections.
Route 5A – Felixstowe to Ipswich
Electrifying between Felixstowe and Ipswich shouldn't be the most challenging of projects.
The route is fairly flat.
The route is double track, except for part of the Felixstowe Branch Line.
The line was cleared for the largest containers a few years ago.
Doubling of the Felixstowe Branch Line around Trimley and the removal of some level crossings should start this year.
There should be an adequate 25 KVAC power supply at Ipswich.
I have two extra questions.
Will the partial doubling of the Felixstowe Branch, prepare the line for electrification?
Has a scheme been designed to take electrification to the port?
But there will be benefits.
Some freight trains that use the Great Eastern Main Line and the electrified routes through London, could be hauled all the way. by electric locomotives.
If Felixstowe station was to be electrified, Greater Anglia could run five-car Class 720 electric trains instead of Class 755 bi-mode trains on the branch, if required.
Class 755 bi-mode trains on the Ipswich to Lowestoft service, would be able to use the electrification between Westerfield and Ipswich stations.
Noise and vibration could be reduced.
It is just over a dozen miles of elwctrification, so isn't the largest of projects.
Route 5B – Haughley Junction to Peterborough
Like the first section between Felixstowe and Ipswich, this section is also not very challenging.
The route is double track.
Ely is being remodelled to remove a bottleneck.
Ely to Soham improvements seem to have been dropped, but will surely happen.
Haughley Junction needs to be remodelled.
Network Rail are already removing level crossings.
There should be an adequate 25 KVAC power supply at Haughley and Peterborough.
I have an extra question.
Will the route between Cambridge and Chippenham Junction be electrified?
Electric freight between Felixstowe And The East Coast Main Line as far as Scotland.
Greater Anglia could run their service between Colchester and Peterborough with a Class 720 electric train.
Greater Anglia's service between Ipswich and Cambridge would do more running under wires.
The electrification might even enable some useful electrified diversion routes.
Route 5C -Helpston to Nuneaton
I don't know this section of the route, as well as I know the two other sections.
There is a busy level crossing in the middle of Oakham.
There should be an adequate 25 KVAC power supply at both ends of the route.
It would appear that the route goes through Leicester station on the Midland Main Line.
As the electrification of the Midland Main Line has been postponed, how will this section of the route be handled?
Electric freight between Felixstowe And The Midlands
Fewer freight trains would need to go via London
Some passenger services, like Birmingham-Stansted Airport, could be run using electric trains.
Completing all three sections will open up new possibilities for both freight and passenger services.
Route 6 – Hare Park Junction to Leeds Stourton
This is a freight route , which can be followed this way.
It leaves the electrified Wakefield Line at Hare Park Junction, which is South of Sandal and Agbrigg station.
It passes Wakefield Kirkgate and Normanton stations and there appears to be a connection to Wakefield Europort.
It then joins the Hallam Line and goes to the Stourton Freightliner Terminal.
Electrification of this eighteen mile route, would allow freight trains with electric traction to reach the Stourton terminal.
The electrification could also be extended to Leeds station, so that passenger services on the Hallam Line, run by bi-mode trains would have an electrified route into Leeds.
Route 7 – Mountsorrel to Syston Junction and Manton Junction to Corby
Mountsorrel Quarry is one of the biggest granite quarries in Europe. It is not on the railway anymore, but is connected to the Midland Main Line at
Barton upon Soar, by a mineral conveyor.
These two short lengths of electrification connect Mountsorrel to the electrified portion of the Midland Main Line to London and by using the Felixstowe to Nuneaton route, there is access to the East and West Coast Main Lines.
Julian Worth says that thirty trains per day use the route.
Looking on Real Time Trains, they are not the mega-trains of the Mendips, but they seem to go all over England.
Route 8 – Whitacre Junction to Birch Coppice
Birch Coppice is a freight terminal and it is connected to the Birmingham Lawley Street to Nuneaton Line at Whitacre Junction, by a six mile rail link.
As in Julian Worth's plan, the Birmingham Lawley Street to Nuneaton Line will have been electrified, it will be an logical section of wires to install.
Summarising The Routes
Summarising the routes, you get the following, once all the proposals are added to the UK's electrified network.
There is a major East-West route from Felixstowe to Birmingham, that connects to the two major North-South routes; East and West Coast Main Lines and East Anglia's Great Eastern Main Line.
The Reading to Taunton Line now provides an route to the South-West for electric trains.
The massive quarries in the Mendips and at Mountsorrel are connected to the main electrified network.
The ports of Felixstowe, London Gateway and Southampton are connected to the main electrified network.
The inland depots of Birch Coppice, Birmingham Lawley Street and Leeds Stourton are connected to the main electrified network.
Others may well be added.
For instance, an electrified connection to Liverpool2 along the Canada Dock Branch, which runs in places through densely-packing housing and has been looked at for a passenger service by Merseyrail.
Installing The Electrification
Traditionally, electrification schemes have been done using money directly from the Treasury.
To say, performance in recent years has been mixed would be an understatement!
With my experience of project management, I have my theories about the poor performance, but as I have no serious data to back them up, I will not put most of them in this post.
I will say however, that my observations of the electrification of the Gospel Oak to Barking Line have led me to the conclusion, that there are not enough competent engineers, surveyors and technicians to install the current low-level of new electrification.
However, recent statements and documents from Chris Grayling about how the Southern rail access to Heathrow is to be financed, might suggest a model for electrification.
This Press Release on the Department of Transport web site, starts with these two paragraphs.
Private companies have been asked to come forward with ideas to deliver a new southern rail link to Heathrow Airport.
The link will be one of the first projects under government plans to invite third parties – such as local authorities and private sector companies – to invest in the rail network, over and above the £47 billion the government is already planning for the next 5 years.
The idea is that a private consortium would do the following.
Design, build and finance a new line, station or other piece of railway infrastructure.
Maintain it for a number of years.
Charge train operators a charge for using the infrastructure, in much the same way as Network Rail charge every train for track access.
If the sums add up, I suspect it is model that will work for electrification.
I will take the Felixstowe Branch Line, that I know well as an example.
The benefits of electrification on this line could be as follows.
Freight trains from the Port of Felixstowe using electrified lines from Ipswich, could be able to use electric haulage, which might be more affordable.
Greater Anglia could run Ipswich to Felixstowe services using trains running solely on electricity.
There would be less pollution and possibly less noise and vibration.
Electrification might allow faster operating speeds on the branch, which in turn would allow more freight and passenger trains.
The hourly passenger service between Ipswich and Felixstowe might be able to be doubled in frequency.
Currently, after the dualling at Trimley has been finished, the branch is planned to handle an hourly passenger train and around fifty freight trains per day.
It strikes me that if the contracts and charges have the right balance, that a deal could be struck with a competent consortium.
It would have the following parts.
The consortium would design, finance and install the electrification.
Installing the electrification would be done, without disturbing the passenger and freight traffic.
The consortium would maintain the electrification for an agreed number of years.
Electrification access charges would be modelled on track access charges and agreed with a regulator, such as the Office of Road and Rail.
Failure to provide a working electrified railway, would incur penalty charges to operators.
I feel the model could work.
The consortium would use best practice from around the world.
The consortium might encourage innovative design and working.
The consortium would make sure it had the best engineers, technicians and equipment to keep the electrification in tip-top condition, as that is the best way to maximise return on capital, against a fixed income.
The Office of Road and Rail would ensure safety, quality and reliability.
I also feel, that one of the ways to get the electrification installed in a professional manner and then operational at an agreed date, is to get the project management right.
Too much of what I've seen on electrification in the UK, reminds me of the phrase – It'll be alright on the night!
A consortium, which has to raise and justify the money it needs, can't rely on this mantra and must be sure that if a scheme is going to cost £100 million, then.
The initial budget must be correct.
The electrification can be installed for that sum.
Sufficient contingency is included.
Get the first project, seriously wrong and they won't get another of the many electrification projects in the pipeline.
March 25, 2018 Posted by AnonW | Finance, Transport/Travel	| East West Railway, Electrification, Freight, GB Railfreight, Greater Anglia, London Gateway, Port of Felixstowe, Project Management, Quarrrying | 1 Comment


Which makes it look a bit more like the Equinox. There is a bit more chrome. But it all seems to work very well.
Otherwise, there are no big changes for the compact Chevrolet.
Engines are the same. The great hatchback returns. And it is now available in a more affordable LS version as well. Which is good news.
It's amazing how Chevrolet got more adventurous with this generation of the Cruze while Hyundai got more conservative with the current Elantra. It almost seems like the two brands exchanged design teams.


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Emily Overholt
View Emily Overholt's Biography
Canada Announces Team For Hosted 2016 World Short Course Championships
Full Name: Emily Overholt
Nickname(s): Em
Nationality: Canada
Emily Overholt was born on October 17, 1997 to parents Carman and Deborah. She has one older brother and one younger brother. 2013 At the FINA World Junior Swimming Championships, Overholt won bronze in the 400M Individual Medley(IM). At the Canada Games, the then 15 year old won gold in the 200M and 400M Individual Medleys as well as a gold in the 400M Free and a silver in the 200M Free. At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, Overholt helped her relay team finish second for the silver medal. In 2015, competing at the Pan American Games, Overholt was disqualified in the 400M IM but went on to win three other medals, including gold in the 400M Free. The same year, at the World Championships, beat the Canadian National record by more than three seconds in the 400M IM while racing to a bronze medal. 2016 Rio Olympics Overholt will be swimming the 400M IM for Team Canada.
Three-time NCAA Champion Brittany MacLean will lead a roster of 37 Canadians to their home Short Course World Championships in December.
Comment First!
UBC Signs Six Men, 10 Women To Team For 2016-17 Season
The University of British Columbia Thunderbirds are undergoing a large rebuild in terms of their team, saying goodbye to staple veterans such as Tera Van Beilen and Rebecca Terejko, and focusing on a new group of athletes.
Swimming's TopTenTweets of the Week: #7 Anders Holm Reads Our Magazine
#10 82 days until trials begins and a lot is going on. There are currently 1667 qualified for a great…
2016 Canadian Olympic Trials: Day 3 Prelims Live Recap
Canadian record holder Ryan Cochrane will compete in the men's 400m free on day 3 at the Canadian Olympic Trials.
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2016 Canadian Olympic Trials: Day 2 Finals Live Recap
Kylie Masse will look to make her first Olympic team tonight after setting the national record in the women's 100 backstroke this morning.
World Championship bronze medalist Emily Overholt will swim her first race of the trials this morning in the women's 400 IM prelims.
WATCH: Emily Overholt Shares Approach To Olympic Trials
Emily Overholt will be looking to take her talents to the top of the podium in the 400m IM today, entering the event as the top seed. Overholt comes in fresh after scratching the 400m freestyle on day one to focus on the 400 IM.
Katerine Savard will compete in the women's 100 butterfly on day 1 of the 2016 Canadian Olympic Trials.
Emily Overholt Out Of The 400 Freestyle At Canadian Olympic Trials
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2016 Canadian Olympic Trials: Overholt And Pickrem Medley Masters In The Making
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2016 Canadian Olympic Trials: Savard, Lacroix Look To Dominate Fly
Canada has the potential to put multiple swimmers in both the 100 and 200 fly finals at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, the question is, who will they be? Katerine Savard, Noemie Thomas, and Penny Oleksiak look to go head-to-head in the 100 whereas the heavy favourite Audrey Lacroix will have to defeat Emily Overholt for her spot on the team.
2016 Canadian Olympic Trials: Fastest Field Of Female Freestylers Ever
The 2016 Canadian Olympic Trials will feature one of the best fields of freestylers on the women's side that the nation has ever seen. From the 50 to the 800 there are competitors who could potentially make Olympic finals and have competed well internationally.
World Jr Champ Markus Thormeyer De-Commits from USC, Heads to UBC
Thormeyer helped Canada to a gold medal in the mixed 4×100 free relay at the 2015 World Jr Champs in Singapore.

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Mayor Sam Liccardo will get tattoo of San Jose's logo if he gets 1 million retweets
SAN JOSE, Calif. (KGO) -- San Jose's Mayor has issued a challenge many are finding irresistible. He'll get a San Jose tattoo if he gets one million re-tweets. That could be difficult. He's shy of 1,000 retweets so far. The other sticking point is where the tattoo should go.
So what brought this on?
My staff dared me to follow Jake's example, so I told them I'd do it for 1M retweets. Don't worry @kohl_garcia – they tell me it's impossible! https://t.co/4paN0sSgrs
— Sam Liccardo (@sliccardo) August 14, 2018
Jake McCluskey is so proud of San Jose, he had the city's logo tattooed on his calf. That caught the eye of Mayor Sam Liccardo, who issued the challenge on his Twitter feed, @sliccardo.
It's a new logo popping up at Mineta San Jose Airport and on promotional signs for city tourism and events. It doesn't replace the city's official logo, but the simple design seems to be instilling pride.
"I know I'm going to need some help from a lot of Russian bots if we're going to be able to break this one million barrier, so we've got some work to do before we actually pick the tattoo location," said Mayor Liccardo.
He's playing coy about where he'll put the tattoo.
Mayor @sliccardo says he'll get a #sanjose tattoo if he gets 1 mil retweets. Still pondering where it will go. Maybe his calf (shown here)? Details on what to retweet at 4:55 & 6pm https://t.co/4CBC33SDXW #abc7now pic.twitter.com/gSBJFSvVq6
— David Louie (@abc7david) August 15, 2018
"I have tremendous legs," he said proudly. "My challenge is that I'm a bit swarthy, and I know with a lot of hair, it's difficult for those tattoos to come through, so we're going to have to be strategic about this."
He unbuttoned a cuff of his shirt sleeve, revealing a hairy arm.
The Mayor later hiked up his pant leg to show off a muscular calf from all his bike riding. That could be a potential site. However, there could be one stumbling block. He hasn't gotten his wife's approval.
"We're still working on the negotiation," said Liccardo. "Hopefully while the retweets are building, we'll be there just in time." He's hoping she won't be watching the news until he talks with her.
How feasible is a million tweets? He'd join luminaries such as TV host Ellen DeGeneres, President Obama, and singer Ariana Grande, who have topped three million retweets each.
We asked former city hall intern Kamera Hadnot whether Liccardo has a big enough name to generate a million tweets. "I think so... with all San Jose retweets... San Jose and surrounding neighborhoods, I think we could get it done," she said.
San Jose has one million residents. Just one retweet from each would make it happen. The mayor said he hasn't set a deadline to reach that one million re-tweet goal.
A local tattoo studio, Blacksuit Tattoo, where artist Mune did the San Jose tattoo for Jake McCloskey indicated that the cost is about $150.
politicssan josetattoosam liccardotwitter
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Category: seesaws
How can a spinning object keep constant velocity with the direction of its parts changing at every instant?
When you consider an object as rotating, you normally stop thinking of its parts as moving in their own independent ways and treat the whole assembly as a single object. While it's true that the various parts of that object are accelerating in response to internal forces those parts exert on another, the object as a whole is doing a simpler motion: it's rotating about some axis. This ability to focus on a simple motion in the midst of countless complicated motions is an example of the beautiful simplifications that physics allows in some cases.
That's an interesting question and requires two answers. First, if you push on a part of the rotating object and that part moves a distance in the direction of the force you exert, then you do work on it. In principle, it is possible to identify all the work that you do on the rotating object via this approach.
However, it is also possible to determine the work you do entirely in terms of physical quantities of rotation. If you exert a torque on the rotating object and it rotates the an angle in the direction of your torque, you again do work on the object. That's the rotational version of the work formula: whereas force time distance is the translational work formula, torque times angle is the rotational work formula.
An important complication arises, however, in that you must measure the angle in the appropriate units: radians. The radian is the natural unit of angle and is effectively dimensionless (no units after it). When you multiple the torque times the angle in radians, the resulting units are those of work and energy. If you use a non-natural unit of angle, such as the degree, then you'll have to deal with presence of the angle unit in your result.
Rotating "up" or "down" — is that like clockwise and counter-clockwise?
When an object is rotating, both the "up" and "down" directions point along the vertical axis. Do they correspond to clockwise and counterclockwise?
Yes. Distinguishing between the two opposite directions of rotation using words alone requires that everyone agree on what to call those two directions. It also requires that everyone have an artifact that they can use to identify which direction is which. When something is spinning about a vertical axis, a carousel or merry-go-round, for example, then physicists name the two possible directions of rotation "up" and "down" and use a right-hand rule to identify which is which. Since most people have a right hand and know which hand it is, the necessary artifact is built-in.
In more common language, the two directions might be called "clockwise as viewed from above" and counter-clockwise as viewed from above". In this case, the artifact is an old-fashioned analog clock and is probably more of a remembered artifact than one that is in the room with you. Nonetheless, that common naming convention is fine; it's just wordier than the physicist's version.
What is torque?
What is torque? — JPT, Calgary, Alberta
A torque is a physicist's word for a twist or a spin. When you twist the top off a jar, you are exerting a torque on the jar and causing it to undergo an angular acceleration—it begins to rotate faster and faster in the direction of your torque. Similarly, when you spin a toy top, you do this by exerting a torque on the top and it again undergoes an angular acceleration.
We know that spinning objects on earth can lose their spin (angular momentum) du…
We know that spinning objects on earth can lose their spin (angular momentum) due to friction (fluid or sliding) with the air or ground. However, if an object is set spinning in space, will it lose its initial angular momentum eventually or will it spin forever assuming no outside forces (e.g., gravity) act upon it? If it does come to rest, how does the earth maintain its spinning motion? — RD, Kingwood, TX
If a spinning object is truly free of outside torques—the influences that affect rotation—then it will spin forever. Angular momentum is a conserved quantity in our universe, meaning that it can't be created or destroyed and can only be transferred between objects. Thus if you set an object spinning (by exerting a torque on it) and then leave it entirely alone, it will not be able to change its angular momentum. The earth is a good example of this situation—it's almost free of torques and so it spins steadily about a fixed axis in space. Its angular momentum is essentially unchanging.
Since gravity acts at the center of rotation of a freely falling object (which is that object's center of mass), gravity exerts no torque on freely falling objects. Because of that fact, even objects in orbit around the earth are essentially free of torques and satellites that are set spinning when they're launched continue to spin steadily for centuries. The space shuttle astronauts encounter this result each time they release or catch a satellite. If they set it spinning when they let go of it, it will still be spinning when they retrieve it years later.
When you exert a torque on a merry-go-round, how does it exert one on you? I hav…
December 31, 1969 December 31, 1969 Lou Bloomfield	Leave a comment
When you exert a torque on a merry-go-round, how does it exert one on you? I have to exert a lot of torque to get it going but it doesn't feel like torque is being exerted back on me.
When you spin a merry-go-round, you exert a torque on it and it exerts a torque back on you. If you were free to rotate, this torque on you would be quite apparent. Suppose that the merry-go-round was located on an ice skating rink and that you were attached to the central pivot of the merry-go-round by a strap that went around your waist. As you spun the merry-go-round clockwise, you would begin to spin counter-clockwise. In fact, because your moment of inertia is much smaller than that of the merry-go-round, you would experience a much larger angular acceleration and would end up spinning much faster than merry-go-round. The reason that you don't rotate like this after spinning a playground merry-go-round is that your feet touch the ground. As the merry-go-round exerts its torque back on you, you exert that same torque on the ground. The result is that the earth undergoes angular acceleration in the opposite direction from that of the merry-go-round. Because the earth's moment of inertia is so huge, you can't tell that it undergoes angular acceleration at all. It really does, just as the earth undergoes acceleration when you jump-you push down hard and the earth as it pushes up hard on you and you both accelerate away from one another. Since the earth is much more massive than you are, it doesn't accelerate nearly as much as you do.
You said that when you were spinning around in circles, you were actually causin…
You said that when you were spinning around in circles, you were actually causing the earth to move, but it was too tiny a motion to notice. If everyone on the planet got together in one area and started spinning around at exactly the same time and with the same angular velocity, could the effect of the people causing the earth to move be noticed?
I don't think that it would be possible to detect any change in the earth's rotation. The earth has a mass of about 6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg, which is about 20,000,000,000,000 times the mass of all the people on earth. The earth's moment of inertia is even more different than that of the people because much of the earth's mass is located far from its rotational axis. So if all of the people gathered together and started spinning one way, the effect on the earth would be to make it spin the other way about 1/1,000,000,000,000,000,000 as much. The result might be that the day would change lengths by about a trillionth of a second. (1/1,000,000,000,000 s). That change is less than the natural fluctuations in the earth's rotation rate, so no one would ever notice. You might find it interesting that the earth's rotation rate changes slightly with the seasons because of snow in the mountains. When there is lots of snow in the northern hemisphere (during its winter), the earth's moment of inertia increases just enough to slow its rotation. The day is a tiny bit longer than during our summer. People might be able to duplicate this effect by all climbing to the tops of mountains.
Can you give me an example of when the angular acceleration is in a different di…
Can you give me an example of when the angular acceleration is in a different direction from the torque applied?
When an object isn't symmetric, it can rotate in very peculiar ways. If you throw a tennis racket into the air so that it is spinning about an axis that isn't along the handle or at right angles to the handle, it will wobble in flight. Its axis of rotation will actually change with time as it wobbles. If you were to exert a torque on this wobbling tennis racket, its angular acceleration wouldn't necessarily be along the direction of the torque.
Given a lever long enough, could you move the world?
Yes. Of course, you would need a fixed pivot about which to work and that might be hard to find. But you could do work on the world with your lever. If the arm you were dealing with was long enough, you could do that work with a small force exerted over a very, very long distance. The lever would then do this work on the world with a very, very large force exerted over a small distance.
How can cats turn their bodies around to land on their feet if they fall and how…
How can cats turn their bodies around to land on their feet if they fall and how can people do tricks in the air when they are skydiving if you're supposed to "keep doing what you've been doing" when you leave the ground?
Cats manage to twist themselves around by exerting torques within their own bodies. They aren't rigid, so that one half of the cat can exert a torque on the other half and vice versa. Even though the overall cat doesn't change its rotation, parts of the cat change their individual rotations and the cat manages to reorient itself. It goes from not rotating but upside down to not rotating but right side up. Overall, it never had any angular velocity. As for skydiving, that is mostly a matter of torques from the air. As you fall, the air pushes on you and can exert torques on you about your center of mass. The result is rotation.


Our lovely old garden had been neglected for the best part of a century, so once we have stripped back, felled the dead wood, cleared out and cleaned up, there were lots of places which needed some interest. I planted this selection in a bare east facing raised bed a couple of days before Christmas 2016. We walk past them every day and the brillint flowers are a joy every day. Never seen such beautiful, full muscari flowers. Very happy indeed.
"...looking forward to tasting my rewards in the summer"
Really pleased with the size of these plants, done really well since potted up. Arrived in good time as per advised dates and in good condition, looking forward to tasting my rewards in the summer.
"...after years of variable quality composts I now use only this one"


The Victoria Inn has a fresh feel and a real sense of place in the old seaside village of Perranuthnoe.
Talented duo, Chef-Owner Nik Boyle and Head Chef David Waters, both grew up within five miles of this popular pub. Having both honed their crafts in Cornwall, they are fiercely passionate about what the county has to offer.
Nik and his wife-to-be Laura took over the already successful Victoria inn six months ago to live the dream by the sea; Laura is originally from Hamble and also grew up by the sea.
The chefs may be modest about their CVs and previous successes, but they are very proud of the pub classics on the menu, such as the Sunday roasts, cheaper less fashionable cuts of meat such as blade of beef and ox cheek. Nik says: "We are 'old school' in our style of cooking, with no foam guns or water baths in the kitchen. We love the flavour you get from roasting lamb and beef in the oven or basting sea bass with foaming butter and just doing things simply and doing them well." There is, however, certain sophistication and fresh feel to the food; it's light, fresh and above all very, very tasty!
Being a local lad has its advantages, as both chefs are on first-name terms with local producers: there are superb daily catches from fisherman Budgie's day boat; beef is from a herd in Zennor; Rita up the road supplies fresh eggs.
The vegetables come from two miles away. "When our local grower can't fit the cauliflowers eight in a crate for the supermarkets, we get the big ones – they are like footballs," Nik adds.
You can feel that old and new come together in perfect harmony at the twelfth century Victoria Inn with great food and traditional family values.


What is one thing a child does when he/she is happy? They dance. Smile on the cute chubby face is enlightened when he dances his heart with joy. Many of us with age enhance our dancing skills with training. To train right, you need proper dance equipment like shoes. Dancing shoes differ with each dance form. These shoes are comfort for your heels and leg support. It balances your steps on dance performance.
Here look at our top 10 Dance Shoes for Girls and Boys in different colours and styles with comfort and heels support while dancing.
When you are dancing, you don't want your shoes to come off in the middle of your dance. So, lace-up dancing shoes are fitted dancing shoes. They are easy to dance in. They look very stylish. It is everybody's choice.
Any dance needs glamour. Sequin dancing shoes is sequined dancing shoes. It has lace sometimes. They are shiny and very glamorous. They look perfect for any dance form. It is liked by all girls.
If you have dance with lots of jumping and lifts, then long dancing shoes is the best for you. They don't fall off. They are softer and tighter throughout. It is a cool looking dancing shoe.
Ballet is a special dance form. It is done with lot of balancing on the toes. It can't be done in any shoes. A special types of shoes called ballet dancing shoes is worn. It has thicker soles on the toes. It is softer and made of fabric completely.
Tap dance involves lots of tapping of toes on the floor. So their shoes needs to make a particular sound whenever they tap. Tap dancing shoes have metal part in their sole. It looks very much like formal shoes.
Lyrical dance shoes are similar to ballet shoes. It is half and it covers the toes only. It is worn to give extra support to the toes. They have leather base. It is mostly open from the ankle.
Hip-Hop is the coolest form of dance form. Everything about it has swag. The shoes are huge and very stylish. They are comfy and so classy. They have a little shine. They may or may not have laces.
Character dancing shoes are kitten box heeled shoes. They give you a lift and a right posture. They are used in many dance forms. Mostly in those where singing and dancing happen together.
Combat dance shoes are like lace shoes. It has harder soles. They are used when there are lots of stunts and running. They are tougher and very manly. It is also used if the dance floor is rough. They look like military shoes.
Free form dancing involves dancing with jumps, lifts and stretches. They are meant to allow you to do anything. They are softer and more flexible. It is a unisex dancing shoes. They are normal used by street dancers.
Dancing should be done comfortably and wearing the perfect shoes while dancing is very important. There are many dancing shoes. All you have to do find one which suits your needs well. You will get dancing shoes as per your dance choice. Check good customer reviews while you buy shoes from e commerce websites. Check brands and quality in your budget too.


text:
Shoving his hands deeper into his pockets, Arturo Delgado stumbled through the darkening streets as freezing rain fell like liquefied diamonds spilt from a black velvet sky. Various shades of neon light bled into quivering puddles, their garish vibrancy reflected starkly until scattered by some errant foot.
Hurriedly Arturo passed by a bar where music pulsed loudly through a briefly opened door. Absently he noticed two women tumble out, looking worse for wear and tottering drunkenly on their heels. The crass stares they threw in his direction were intended to be provocative but Arturo's current state meant that he missed their purpose entirely. Deaf to their indignant shouts he crossed the street, doing his best to follow the signs for the subway.
Arturo did not feel well at all. But he was determined to make his way back to his bedsit. He swayed unsteadily outside his front door, as sweat rolled in copious rivulets down his back. Suddenly he felt the need to lean heavily against the door jamb and he stood there for some time trying to ignore the tremors racking his body.
What had he done? No one had told him it would be like this. Shaking his head he began to fumble through his pockets thinking he'd lost his key. Presently he discovered it and staggered through the open door before collapsing onto his creaking bed. Vainly he tried to blink away his double vision. Perhaps he should call someone, he thought. But he didn't want to be ejected from the program and he had been told that he should expect some discomfort. After all the artificial synapses, whatever they were, had been inserted directly into his brain. So there were bound to be some after effects. That's why they'd given him the pills.
He took them from his pocket and tried to remember what he'd been told. Two of the blue ones every six hours and one of the small triangular yellow ones every four hours. Or was it the other way round? He scrunched up his eyes and tried hard to think. This would be much easier if his head didn't hurt so much, he thought – and easier still if he could just read what it said on the label. But Arturo had been raised on a remote plantain farm in the lush hills of Puerto Rico and had never been taught how to read anything beyond the clouds.
He washed down three of the pills with a drink of water and laid his head gingerly back on the pillow. Suddenly the phone rang, making him jump.
"Hello?" he said thickly.
"Arturo? Is that you?"
"Yes…" he answered.
Nausea churned in his stomach. If only he had been able to lie still a bit longer.
"Arturo, this is Dr Morgan. I just wanted to check in and see how you're doing."
"Oh..," he said, closing his eyes and swallowing hard. "I'm doing fine."
He tried to remember Dr Morgan's face. But it wasn't easy as he'd seen so many doctors over the course of the last few days.
"That's good," she said. sounding relieved. "No problems then?"
"Well I am a little tired," he said, hoping he sounded convincing. "But it's probably nothing an early night won't fix."
"Yes. Make sure you get adequate rest," said Dr Morgan. "I'm sorry. Could you just hold the line for one moment please?"
"Sure," replied Arturo lying back on the bed again with the phone pressed up against his ear. As he lay there he could hear her talking to someone in the background, about things that he didn't really understand. Science stuff.
A strange feeling came over him as he waited. One that he couldn't readily quantify. A feeling of supreme lightness began to grow inside of him, as though time was stretching out and reality was starting to unwind. Whether the feeling originated in his mind or his body he couldn't quite tell. All he knew was that everything felt as though it was receding like a spring tide pulling back from the shore. Then, something snapped him back again, just like that, to the conversation between Dr Morgan and the unidentified person in the back ground.
"So the other two are probably just isolated cases," he heard her say faintly.
"Yes," said the man in the background. "There's no need to tell Mr Delgado. They probably just suffered a system wide reaction to the drugs. The autopsy will probably confirm that. For the most part I think we could say that things are going well. Just make sure he knows which medication to take and we'll run some more tests in the morning."
"Ok," she said.
"Arturo?" called Dr Morgan. "Are you still there?"
"Yes I'm here."
"Good. We're going to need to see you back here tomorrow in order to do a few tests. Can you be here for nine thirty?" she said.
"Yes, I can do that," answered Arturo.
"Excellent. Don't be late. The timing is important for these tests. And make sure you don't eat anything. In the meantime take your tablets as directed; two of the Difessin every six hours. Those are the blue ones. And one Phytocyclamide, those are the small yellow ones, every four hours. And whatever you do, don't mix them up!"
Arturo's heart almost stopped. Holy mother of God! He'd taken them the other way round! He desperately wanted to ask her what would happen if he had taken the wrong dosage, but he couldn't risk losing that last payment. Without it his father was finished.
The money he expected to earn from helping Dr Morgan and her team would pay for his father's flight to America as well as the operation he needed. There was no way he could jeopardize that. He'd just have to hope and pray that he would be ok.
Once he had concluded his conversation with Dr Morgan he set the phone back down beside the bed. He ran his hand lightly over his scalp feeling the papery roughness of the surgical gauze. There weren't supposed to be any large open wounds under there, just minute puncture points where incredibly thin hollow needles had been used to insert the artificial synapses.
The synapses had been designed to initiate heightened activity in parts of the brain that human beings in their current evolutionary state are unable to access, in the hope that it would lead to markedly improved intelligence, heightened creativity and superior memory function. There had even been quiet speculation by some within Dr Morgan's team that paranormal abilities could be awakened, such as telepathy, extrasensory perception and even telekinesis.
The reality was though, that they had no idea what would happen for sure but it was thought that the risks to the subjects were minimal compared to the financial gains they would receive at the conclusion of the trials. In fact they had treated Arturo with such an air of condescension he had actually started to think they were doing him a huge favour – up until now. Now he felt terrible and he didn't even know whether it was because of the medicine he'd taken or the procedure.
If only he'd been big enough and strong enough the day his father had been shot, to stop the bandits from breaking into their house, then none of this would ever have happened. If only he could turn back time he thought, staring up at the ceiling. But failing that he'd settle for being fast enough to take the bullet in place of his father, so it would be him who suffered for years upon years instead.
Suddenly the pain in his head became excruciating. Then just like that Arturo was blind. Terrified he reached out for the phone and sent it crashing to the floor.
"Hello? Hello?" said a muffled voice.
Arturo could barely move a muscle and groaned like a wounded animal, saliva dripping unchecked from his mouth.
"Arturo? Is that you?" called Dr Morgan.
"Shit! Something's wrong," she said loudly on the other end of the phone. "He must have hit redial.
Quick! Get someone over there now!"
Suddenly the line went dead and the next thing Arturo knew he was being wheeled down a gleaming white corridor somewhere within the military base. Gentle hands expertly lifted him into some kind of imaging machine designed to take detailed pictures of his brain.
"Lie very still Arturo," commanded Dr Morgan. "We'll just be in here. You won't be able to hear us but we can hear you. If you need me just call. Ok?"
Arturo nodded mutely as she entered the glass cubicle. As the machine began to take detailed images of his head, he began to wonder about the pain. Where had it gone? They must have given him something for it, he guessed.
"What the hell?" he heard someone say.
"Is that what I think it is?" a voice asked in disbelief.
For a few seconds no one said anything.
"Yes it is," said Dr Morgan finally.
Arturo lay as still as a mouse wondering how on earth he could still hear them.
"Ok, how the hell did we miss that? Any ideas?" demanded Dr Morgan pointing to the computer screen.
Her question was greeted with more silence.
"No answers huh?" she said, biting her lip.
"No Alyson," said a male colleague. "Because there aren't any. That bullet simply wasn't there before."
"Look! See. Look at these previous scans. Not a dicky bird," he said holding up the film.
"Never mind that John, he's seizing!" shouted Dr Morgan suddenly making a dash for the door.
"Come on! Help me get him into the OR. We can't afford to lose another one."
Five days later Ramone Delgado sat next to his son's hospital bed willing him to open his eyes. He'd travelled for two days and flown over two thousand miles, which at the age of seventy nine was no mean feat, all because his son meant everything to him. In fact, about the time he'd gotten the call about Arturo he seemed to have forgotten all about his own pain. It was as if it had never even existed in the first place.
Over the next few days he learnt bits and pieces about what had happened to Arturo and as he sat waiting for hour after hour he began to formulate his own theories about things.
"Such a good son," he muttered one day, smoothing down the bed clothes. "Such a good heart, just like his mother."
A tear rolled down his face but he paid it no heed.
"He took my bullet, you know," he said, looking up at the nurse who was changing Arturo's dressings.
"What was that?"she said.
"I said he took my bullet."
The nurse looked at him incredulously, a little unsure of what he meant. But Ramone remained unphased and proceeded to try and explain the reason for his unlikely belief.
"Back when Arturo was small, thieves tried to break into our house. At that time we lived in an isolated place and I was all that stood between them and my family. So as any father would do, I did my best to defend them. I was shot in the process and the bullet got lodged in my brain making it too difficult for the doctors to remove. Ever since then it's been slowly killing me. But my son always swore he'd find a way to cure me, and so he moved to America. 'It's a land of miracles' he said. 'The doctors there can do amazing things. ' But I told him, I was old and that he shouldn't waste his youth on trying to fix a broken down wreck like me. Stubborn as a mule, he always was and as usual he did as he pleased and went to America anyway. Don't ask me how he did it, I'm not sure even the good lord knows! But somehow he did it. My son cured me!" said the old man with a slow nod. "Now all that matters is that Arturo get's to see it for himself!"
The nurse stood up and patted him gently on the shoulder.
"Sounds as though he is a good son," she said. "You're a lucky man."
"Yes, he is," smiled Ramone as she left the room.
The whole exchange had been carefully observed by Dr Morgan, who stood watching through tinted glass. In her hand she held the medical records of a seventy nine year old male and a forty one year old male. Both of whom until recently had a point two five calibre bullet lodged deep within their parietal lobe. Her final report on this whole affair was certainly going to make for interesting reading.
"What did he say to you?" asked Dr Morgan once the nurse had closed the door.
"The silly old fool thinks that his son took his bullet. Turns out he was shot years ago and it's been slowly killing him ever since. Obviously it's damaged him big time," she said.
"Really?" said Dr Morgan quietly. "He seems pretty cogent to me."
The nurse looked at her in genuine surprise.
"You're kidding right?"
"What?" said Dr Morgan as she started to walk away. "Do you think science has all the answers? Do you think we've discovered everything there is to know about the human body? If you do, then perhaps you're the deluded one, not old man Delgado!"
Audioslave, Author, Short Story, Techno-Thriller


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Genetic link found between spinal arthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Researchers at the University of Queensland Diamantina Institute in Brisbane, Australia, have found that a form of spinal arthritis is genetically linked to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The study will be published on December 2 in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a common form of arthritis involving chronic inflammation particularly of the spinal and pelvic joints, which causes pain, stiffness, and often disability.Affecting up to 0.5% of the population, the risk of AS is almost entirely genetically determined. Curiously, AS patients appear to be highly susceptible to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease. Similarly, the development of AS is common in IBD patients. Professor Matt Brown and his colleagues wanted to determine if this was more than a coincidence.
"It seemed likely that common pathogenic pathways may be acting in the development of both diseases" said Professor Brown.
In order to test whether genes associated with Crohn's disease are also associated with AS, they searched for known genetic markers of Crohn's disease in the genomes of more than 2700 AS patients, working with colleagues from England, North America and Canada. The results revealed that both AS and Crohn's disease share several similar genetic variations, and identified seven genes affecting both conditions.
When the researchers took a closer look at the function of the genes they had identified, they found that four of the genes are known to influence the activation of a recently discovered class of helper T-cells called Th17 cells. Identifying the involvement of these immune cells greatly increases what is known about how AS develops, and points to potential new therapies for this form of arthritis. This study highlights the value of studies that look into individual genes that might be implicated in related diseases.
Gardasil in the developing world
Funding awarded to investigate immune system memory in autoi...


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HC at Wells
Kateri Pelton
Prodigy: Balancing School and a Step Team
By Kara Reynolds • Wells Contributor • Lifestyle April 19, 2018 at 3:13pm
Being college student balancing school, work and club activities is difficult enough. I was curious about what it is like to be a step captain so I interviewed Prodigy team captain's Bellina Mushala and Bentley Gordon, two juniors from Wells college. Bellina is a Biochemistry & Molecular Biology major with an Economics minor. Bentley is a Computer Science major with a minor in Mathematics. They both agree that to lead a step team a person needs passion, discipline, determination, creativity, patience, and dedication.
When asked "How do you juggle your schoolwork while being captain of the step team?" both captains agreed that time management is a major key to their step success. Bellina says "There is a scheduled time for step practice that never changes. Practice is two times a week, on Wednesdays from 8-10 p.m. and Sundays 6-8 p.m. This allows me to properly plan out when to make up new steps and when to teach them to the team. With this scheduled time, I can juggle both schoolwork and tasks of the team." Additionally, Bentley says "planning out my week in advance and starting my assignments as early as possible enables me to deviate time to both schoolwork and Prodigy efficiently."
Being a part of the Prodigy step team has helped them to grow as people. Bellina asserts that "Being a part of the team has built my confidence, taught me how to be patient and work with people of different backgrounds. As a captain, I have learned ways to be motivational and inspire the team to do their best". Bentley believes that having multiple campus responsibilities has also helped him to improve his time management skills, and his responsibility to communicate with his team members efficiently has helped him gained towards his communication and social skills.
As we may know, team drama is inevitable, but how these captains resolve their issues if they arise? Bentley states "When it comes to altercations between team members, I like to give them their time before diving right into the solution phase. But I also express our rule of leaving all drama at the door". Bellina also emphasizes that "the number one rule in Prodigy is to leave all the drama out the door!!! There is a different atmosphere among members that permits very few discrepancies, but when they do occur, we immediately talk it out and solve it".
Receiving a new position such as captain is very rewarding, but I asked how was the adjustment. While Bentley says that the transition was not significant due to his previous leadership roles the hardest part was continually creating different steps. Conversely, Bellina thought that the adjustment was terrifying because she was used to performing in the back and just having to worry about herself rather than the team. Also, she had never stepped before joining Prodigy, which made her scared whether or not she could create and teach new steps to others. Being the team captain pushed her out of her comfort zone, but with the help of her co-captain, Bentley, it was a smooth transition.
Bellina and Bentley have taken their Prodigy team to new heights by working tediously all year to improve their team and their skills. In March of this year, they were selected to participate in the World of Step International Competition. The competition gave them an opportunity to represent Wells and show how hard they have worked for a moment like this. Although they were nervous at first, Bentley says "once on we got on the stage it felt like home, and we knew that we were blessed to be there." Bellina also adds that after participating in the regionals, they were chosen to advance to the final round. This was the first time in Prodigy history to be a part of a competition, and she is proud to be a part of the growing history.
To market their teams' skills, the captains have a public Facebook account where they advertise any upcoming events and post snippets of their shows and steps. They also have an official email [email protected] account where people and college clubs can reach out and invite them to perform and discuss collaborations.
If you want to see Prodigy's talent in action, come to their Annual Step Show at Wells college in the Phipps Auditorium April 20, 2018, at 7:30 p.m. and at the World of Step International Competition May 26, 2018, at John Jay College in the Gerald W. Lynch Theater!
step team
Your Month-by-Month College Application Plan, So You Can Make the Deadlines & Get Into Your Dream School
Why Join Her Campus UFL?
7 Qualitea Milk Tea Flavors


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Q: Client side encryption Python I'm trying to decrypt some S3 files that use client side encryption (not by me). I've been given the public and private keys and told RSA is used... but I'm struggling to figure out how to decrypt this file.
My understanding is that it's a 2 step process:

*

*Download the meta data of the file which contains metadata['x-amz-key'] - This is the first key that need to be decrypted using my private key.

*Once this is decrypted it produces a new key that I can use to decrypt the actual file?
I'm not really sure how to do this. So far I've tried this (which I think is covering step 1).
Would love some help with this - very confused.
import base64
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

key = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\nMAHJKxxxxxxxx\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"
rsa_Key =RSA.importKey(key)
raw_cipher_data = envelope_key
second_key = rsa_Key.decrypt(raw_cipher_data)

This then produces something that looks like this:
b"\x15\\xc0\\s'

Even if this is correct... which I suspect it isn't. How would I then go on to decrypt the actual S3 file?
Thanks again.
NEXT STEP
This is as far as I got with it... seems like a reasonable approach and I'm more confident after lots of reading (this post also helped a lot (How To Decrypt AWS Ruby Client-side Encryption in Python).
However, still can't get this working...
from Crypto.Cipher import AES

object_info = s3.head_object(Bucket="xxxx", Key="Secret.txt")

metadata = object_info['Metadata']
envelope_key = base64.b64decode(metadata['x-amz-key'])
envelope_iv = base64.b64decode(metadata['x-amz-iv'])

ENV_KEY_LENGTH = 32

ENCRYPTION_KEY = base64.b64decode(KEY)

key = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\nXXXX\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"
rsa_Key =RSA.importKey(key)
envelope_key = rsa_Key.decrypt(envelope_key)[:ENV_KEY_LENGTH]
envelope_iv = rsa_Key.decrypt(envelope_iv)[:ENV_KEY_LENGTH]

decryptor = AES.new(envelope_key, AES.MODE_CBC, envelope_iv)

with open('Desktop/test.txt', 'r') as f:
    f.read()
    secret_de = decryptor.decrypt(f)
    print(secret_de)

A: Based on your reference to the metadata fields, I suspect that what you are looking at is an object that was encrypted using an S3 encryption client[1]. While this does mean that it is encrypted and stored in a consistent manner, unfortunately we do not currently have that format and methodology very well documented, and we do not currently have a client for Python. These are both things we are looking to improve in the future, but that doesn't really help you right now.
As much as I hate to push someone away from Python, in this case my first recommendation would be to use one of the existing supported clients that provides this functionality. Based on your description, you would need one that supports RSA key wrap, so from the feature matrix[2], you would need either the Java or Ruby client.
[1] https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/UsingClientSideEncryption.html
[2] https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws_sdk_cryptography.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


An association of REALTORS® is organized for the good thing about its members and the group. When you have a real estate query or need, the Bishop Realtor Group is your reply. However, this means further bills to the price of shopping for a home in the type of the realtor charges. March 8: Florida Realtors asks that all members contact their state legislators to help payments that would cap the charge that association management firms can charge sellers for an estoppel certificate.
Stephen Gasque, former Realtor and award-profitable broadcaster, produces and hosts Actual Property Right now. With the appropriate qualifications, an individual can enter this stream and begin off with a very good annual wage. The Bishop Realtor Group blends a mixture of vast expertise, broad information, and intensive expertise to the marketplace.
The Clarksville Area Actual Estate College, as offered and managed by the Clarksville Association of REALTORS, will present an efficient foundation of actual estate schooling in an organized classroom environment for these individuals looking for to acquire a real estate license and for those that wish to increase their information of the general real estate occupation.
By means of a complicated association, NAR sets the insurance policies for most of the A number of Listings Providers, and within the late 1990s, with the expansion of the Web, NAR advanced laws allowing Web Information Exchanges (IDX) whereby brokers would allow a portion of their data to be seen on the Web via brokers' or agents' web sites and Digital Office Websites (VOW) which required potential buyers to register to acquire information.


Texas Oncology in the Austin area offers leading-edge techniques for treating prostate cancer, the most common cancer among men. Prostate cancer treatment options vary depending on how advanced the cancer is and if it has spread to other parts of the body.
Known as a silent killer because men often do not have symptoms in early stages, prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer other than skin cancer among men in the United States and a leading cause of cancer deaths among men.
Prostate cancer may be treated by different members of the cancer care team. Treatment options vary depending on how advanced the cancer is and if it has spread to other body parts.


It's time for a fresh look for the News & Notes, so with the first issue of the new cycle we are launching with a fresh banner page and hope you will like it as much as we do. In keeping with the times, the News & Notes will now reflect the posts on my Blog. So, if you want to stay abreast of the story as it develops go ahead and sign up. And if you miss something, no worries, because a paper copy will be coming to your doorstep with the next edition of the news & notes.
NOTE: Home delivery is a benefit of membership to the Babb Family Association. To join for the (2011-2013 cycle) send $20 to Babb Family Association, 4252 Keys Drive, The Colony, TX 75056.


If you ever tried making your illustrator seamless pattern, you probably have failed to make it tile perfectly. Things get even harder when the pattern is random and chaotic.
In this tutorial, I will show you my own unique technique of creating seamless patterns and tiles effortlessly. I will start with a leaf and show you how to create a pile of leaves with different shades. After that, I will reveal my trick to make it tile seamlessly. With this technique in hand, you will be able to create your own wallpaper patterns.
13. Finally, we will need to copy the top to the bottom. Select the top bunch of tiles and go to Object>Transform>Move. The trick is to set the Vertical Position to a negative value of the square's height. So set Horizontal: 0mm and Vertical: -100mm. Click copy after that.
14. Now our four corners are covered and it will tile seamlessly. Be careful not to touch the leaves that overlap the edges of the square guide. We have some excess leaves sitting outside the square that we van use to fill the empty spaces in the tile. Drag those leaves and start filling inside the square. Make sure the new leaves you inserted don't overlap the edges of the square.
15. Here is my final tile. Note that the tones are quite evenly spread out. This will make the tile look even when you tile it. Select your pile of leaves and group it by pressing Ctrl/Command+G.
16. Open up your Layer Palette(Windows>Layers). You will notice that there is a lock beside our square guide layer as we have locked it in Step 7. Unlock it by clicking on the lock. Drage the square layer below our grouped leaves.
17. Duplicate a new square layer of the square guide by dragging it to the New Layer icon below the palette. Fill the new layer with dark green to cover up the white background.
18. Select our square layer by clicking on the circle icon beside it. The crucial step to make it tile is as follows. Set the Fill and Stroke to none as shown. This will tell illustrator that this is the grid of the tile. Also, make sure this layer is below the grouped leaves and green background. Select all 3 layers by holding Ctrl/Comman and click the circle icon beside the grouped leaves and green background. Finally, group it all together by pressing Ctrl.Command+G.
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fantastic! thanks so much for making this available… patterns have always thrown me, so this tutorial will come in handy. i look forward to your other premium tutorials!
Thanks! My second Premium Tutorial will be coming out very soon. Remember to subscribe to my RSS so that you won't miss it.
Thank you very much for this great tutorial! Very uselful! Can't wait to try it out!
Hi Sybille, I'm afraid Illustrator 9 doesn't work as it doesn't support symbol sprayer.
I want to make seamless patterns with complex swirls and flowers (I have something like what I want to make as the background to my website now). I have downloaded and purchased many.. but want to make something similar to what I use as my background (swirls and dashes on a large scale that). Will this tutorial help me create something like that?
Hi Lolly, this tutorial will teach you how to make the 4 edges tile with your pattern. But for your pattern, you will still need to know how to use illustrator to draw the swirls and dashes. For such a complicated pattern, I will work on the edges and use my tiling technique to make sure they tile before working to the center of the tile.
Hi! I really enjoy your website and I added you to my blog roll. If this is not okay for any reason, please contact me and I will remove your name. Thanks so much for all the great posts!