Better And Better: The militarization of law enforcement.
In comments on the previous blog entry, Greg mentioned "the increasing militarization of law enforcement in this country."
I think that it's a concern worth having, but I also think that, by and large, our concerns are about issues more theoretical than practical.
We all shake our heads at the pictures of NYPD cops in full tactical gear (BDUs, tac vests, M4s, helmets) standing out front of their city administration buildings, and at cops going full-on dynamic entry on what should be a simple warrant service. We grimace upon learning that yet another federal agency has a SWAT team.
How about letting the U.S. Marshal's Service do the SWAT gig, and let the other agencies work with them for the most part? Oh, I can see having a Special Response Team within the Secret Service, perhaps. But the rest? They need to farm it out if for no other reason than economy. We don't require the silly redundancy. But more importantly, when you have a SWAT team, you tend to feel like you need to use it. The already unnecessary Department Of Education doesn't need to be looking at their jobs and saying, "How could we put our SWAT team to work solving this issue?"
But the fact is, those stories and pictures are in the news because they actually are news. The norm is not news. Sure, we definitely need to keep a weather eye on those guys and prevent them from becoming the norm, but day in, day out, the vast, vast majority of us never tac out, almost never pull the black rifle out of the trunk except for routine administrative purposes, and have never put on a helmet.
When you see that your local cop pulls a shotgun from his cruiser to answer a robbery call, you may notice that it's likely to have a black synthetic stock on it, these days. That's not a militarization issue-- it's a practical one. These days, you pay extra for wood over synthetic, and frankly, the synthetic is more durable, usually is lighter, is is less susceptible to water or oil soaking into it, and doesn't look bad when it's been scratched by daily patrol tours. When he pulls a carbine out of the car, consider that a single round of .223 into the bad guy is a LOT better than throwing stray rounds of pistol around a neighborhood (believe it or not, the .223 won't over-penetrate as badly as a duty pistol round will.) or a load of .36 caliber buckshot pellets that start off at 1300 feet per second. And make no mistake, if a cop has to fire on a bad guy, I WANT him using a long gun. A properly-used long gun will end a fight far faster than a pistol. If it's time to shoot a threat, I want that threat shot well. I want the least number of shots taken. If a gun fight looks likely, I want that police officer picking up a long gun.
The last time that I put on a tac vest and grabbed the carbine on a call, we were responding to a call of a heavily-armed mentally ill person who needed to be taken into custody and who had proven he was dangerous. We talked him out, and cuffed him, and got him some help, as police officers, not as a tactical unit. But we were damned happy to have the long guns, and the extra ammo, and the extra protection that the tactical vests provided, as we first responders from different rural agencies performed that role, that night. Then we put the gear back up, and went back on patrol.
Because we're not soldiers; we're patrolmen.
The concern stems from the (very real) fear of abuse. Unfortunately there are a lot of corrupt law enforcement agencies in this country, and the last thing they should have is more "power tools." That said, I agree that cops need better equipment and training.
You're fortunate to be in Texas, where citizen involvement and oversight keeps agencies relatively in line. I don't see many "abuse of police power" stories coming out of well-armed states like Texas; your citizens simply would not tolerate it. That environment give you the freedom to do your job well and ethically.
I was never a big fan of Texas' massive ego, but I think the rest of the nation could use a little Texas-style defiance. It would radically reduce the need to fear well armed law enforcement.
My concern with "The militarization of law enforcement" is not with the toys that Pauly Patrolman is issued , or comes up with . Rather I am concerned with the attitudes being fostered through academy teachings, hype , and dept. level institutional legacy via unsuitable ( to me anyway ) ftos.
After all you have ex officers actively training people who spout things like " BTW. When I was on SWAT our view is that "We will always win....even if we have to burn down your entire house by bombing it....we will win". Losing is not an option. " . This mindset being espoused among officers , much less to the public is pretty much what I see as the " problem " area here .
Agencies have developed ( on the whole ) a bunker mentality where they tend to defend the officers actions at any cost , and make any excuse to blame the citizen for tragic results .
So we have a series of high profile swat screw-ups , being excused by the weakest of possibly plausible stories rather than anything approaching the " honest remorse " that courts and society expect of the rest of the members of civilization .Is it any wonder that folks fear the trappings of militarization when you have forces that act more like an occupying army than public servants charged with the pursuit of justice ? And it follows logically that the entire profession gets painted with the stench of the uniformed gang members unfortunate enough to be caught, blogged , or put on youtube which is the new way to the press coverage that should be there from the get go .
Most of the guys/gals in Small Dept. USA are going to be responsible in action and word because they are much more accessible by and accountable to the public they serve . They tend to live where they police and take an interest in their community that goes beyond the job , forming friendships with the folks they serve . This creates a mindset far different from larger agencies and tends in most cases to weed out problem officers in quick order .
Reading you blog tends to make me consider going through with it.
Don't do it because you'll get specialized equipment (which is usually very NON-specialized to the job at hand) to play with; the armament is just not really a player in police officer's day-to-day life. Do it because you really think that you could help people, and are driven to do so, in spite of being criticized daily.
Besides, the NOAA fish police really need firearms.
Fishermen might get angry with them.
At least they haven't progressed to Fish SWAT yet.
You are a Peace Officer. Wish we had more like you.
I did not intend to impugn the integrity of anyone, and merely wished to red flag the proliferation of small, ridiculously inappropriate ( and expensive) heavily armed enforcement divisions of wildly improbable Federal agencies- basically Barney Fife with web gear,armor and an MP-5.
I also was not suggesting peace officers not have adequate equipments such as an effective patrol carbine. Texas Parks & Wildlife issues M4's to their Game Wardens, and that is perfectly reasonable for the threat they live with-alone and without backup ,facing drug gangs they bump into while looking for deer poachers.
I was really discussing mindset.
I was trained as a soldier, to wit " Kill as many as you can during the engagement, and then accept surrender of the survivors". Shooting, and mortaring and application of tank main gun is the First Resort in the soldier biz.
This is far different from the police approach - we expect cops to " Use minimum necessary force to effect an arrest; shoot as a Last Resort", especially in a constitutional Republic.
The kevlar helmet, balaclava, gargoyle shades, all black equipment, thigh holsters and full auto systems, i.e. the EQUIPMENT of the soldier, convey , I believe usually unintentionally, the idea that American policing is drifting dangerously towards the soldier approach.
If various police agencies around the country spent a bit more time learning to read street addresses and strip maps that would perhaps be a good thing, too.
I do not believe this is the case,at least at the state and local level, but I want to know that American cops still subscribe to Sir Robert Peels principles of policing, and havent succumbed to the Centurian mindset, because such thinking is anathema to a republic.
The Texas DPS Troopers who taught my CHL Instructor Course were very much free of the Centurian worldview, they spoke and acted as "Peace Officers" fully aware of their obligations as officers who swore a constitutional oath- I was very impressed.
I hope every cop in the country thinks in the same way, and his or her managers, trainers, Sergeants, Chiefs and Sheriffs insist on it- or they get fired as "unfit".
Well said, sir. You restore my faith in the system.
Plus...youre a darn good writer!
Your post made me smile briefly as I remembered LawDog's post about the tac team chasing the ghosts out of the old lady's house.
I believe that every patrolman should have immediate access to a carbine, be it select-fire or semiautomatic. A rifle sound suppressor is also a good idea. Body armor and ballistic helmet, too. All kept in the patrol car for use at need.
I agree with you that balaclavas don't have a place in the police uniform with the sole exception of preserving the anonymity of undercover officers.
What really bugs me is the casual use of no-knock warrants with the property damage, pet deaths, and emotional trauma that results when all too typically the team is busting down the wrong door. That either needs to stop or the officer in charge should be made personally liable for stupid mistakes.
So why all of the cops with the "high and tight" haircuts, or even shaved heads?
Back when I was a kid, civilian cops looked like civilians. Now they tend to look like Jarheads.
The sad thing is that the military is being told to use minimum force, while many police agencies are buying tac gear with "war on terror" Federal funds.
"Comrade", I wear my hair very short because it's thinning. So sorry to offend your sense of aesthetics.
"So why all of the cops with the "high and tight" haircuts, or even shaved heads?
Back when I was a kid, civilian cops looked like civilians. Now they tend to look like Jarheads."
That pretty much describes a lot of young civilian men's hairstyles. Jarhead look is in.
I cut my hair short because, like John, my hairline is receding (mine is dropping back faster than John's sadly). Also? I keep my hair neat and professional for pennies a year, using the electric clippers that I bought years ago, with a #2 guard on the top and a #1 guard on the side. I don't ever go get my hair professionally cut. I reckon this saves me a minimum of $120 a year, and countless hours of my life. It's simple.
When I was a kid, police definitely had longer hair. That said, I was a kid in the '70s and early '80s, when such was commonplace. When my father was a kid (in the '40s and '50s), I promise you that a police officer kept his hair cut very short.
I don't have a problem with police keeping their appearence uniform, and even somewhat para-military. You want us to be neat in our appearence. You want us to be held to a common standard. Trust me. Lack of discipline in the ranks of police is every bit as dangerous as lack of discipline among soldiers.
"They need to farm it out if for no other reason than economy. We don't require the silly redundancy. But more importantly, when you have a SWAT team, you tend to feel like you need to use it."
That's a good chunk of practical logic there. Unfortunately practical logic is turned inside out here; there could be no more chicken/egg question than "which comes first, the money or the swat?"
But make no mistake. It's about the money. And power. And politics. Talk about redundant.
But do you refer to the good folks you protect and serve as "civilians"?
My concerns are the same as Farm Dad's: the attitude being trained into a lot of cops. And, like you, I hate seeing cops in masks: they're a symptom of the attitude being trained in, I think.
Grew up around state cops, and I'll tell you something: when you've sat in a car with 15, 20, 25-year guys and listened to them talking about the attitude problems of a lot of the younger guys, it makes an impression.
Only quibble I have is that a 556 will zip through 1/4" plate every time, and I've yet to meet a pistol rnd that can do that.
I completely agree that a rifle is the way to go if you know trouble is imminent, but I don't believe that it's a safer way of lobbing rnds aside from being more accurate.
Heath, 5.56 will absolutely go through a quarter inch steel plate like pretty much any pistol round will not. But when confronted with multiple walls constructed of dry wall, the pistol bullet will go through more. This has been documented.
So, it turns out, there really are good cops out there. I can personally testify to this one, in fact. There are few better officers in the country.
This was my comment when I shared this post on Facebook. Proof? Read Matt's last post. His concern is for drywall instead of steel plates. Why? Because there's no drywall in body armor, and there's no steel plates in the walls in my house. I want the guy worried about my walls deciding what to grab from his trunk.
No, we don't call them civilians. We call them citizens.
Saying that there is a lot of corrupt agency is unfair and frankly wrong. I would say there are corrupt officers at many different agencies. Even if you look at the amount of officers that are arrested it is a small percentage. I'm a police officer and personally never violated anyone's civil rights. I've never seen anyone's rights violated.
Regarding tactical gear: The police department I work for issues a level 2 vest that stops majority of handguns but not .223 or 7.62. So for us if we want any kind of protection we have to purchase our own Tactical best with ballistic plates to protect our selves. We can only put it on when we have a call where someone is possibly armed with assault weapons. This is something we had to fight for. It's not trying to look cool. It's about survival.
Gewehr98: No, I don't. I'm a civilian, and we're not under martial law. As Zach said, I call them "Citizens," which actually is frequently incorrect, because a lot of the people that I serve are not citizens of this country at all. But they're citizens of some country, somewhere.
PB, I suppose that I could be naïve. I probably am on some issues. But I've been a libertarian since I was a voter, and I've been on the government payroll for a good dozen years, as well as having earned a degree or two in critical discussion of government process. I don't miss the "use it or lose it" feature of the net widening philosophy.
SpeakerTweaker: You're too kind. Seriously. Lots of us are worried about overpenetration.
Anon, you're carrying a vest that will stop 7.62? That's a heavy damned vest for tactical work, sir.
An annonymous poster said: "Even if you look at the amount of officers that are arrested it is a small percentage."
Sorry, but I have to direct you to Tam who had an entire series about LEOs driving drunk, yet somehow never getting called on it. Something about SOP not being followed, or evidence not admissible. Similar things have happened in Chicago.
Color me surprised to find that "very few" members of the Chicago PD have ever been arrested. When they do, it is for things so far outside the boundaries... well, Google "Jon Burge and the Midnight Crew from Area 2," or the Chicago PD Special Operations Section. (That last was shut down only after it rose - or sank - to the level of murder-for-hire, and organized kidnapping and extortion.) Once you are familiar with that (or Rampart in LA, or the behavior of NOLA PD after Katrina) then we can discuss why cops don't get arrested for stretching the truth, or aggressive interrogations or whatever.
Look up Brett Darrow, and the death threats he received. (Or if you don't think those came from LEOs, YouTube probably still has the video of the cops staking out his house for the crime of having busted a corrupt cop.).
Tampa Sheriff's deputy dumping a quadriplegic out of his wheelchair and onto the floor because he didn't obey her order to "stand up." (See the wheelchair if you are confused.) And the other members of Tampa Sheriff's dept on tape laughing at the guy on the ground. No one was arrested for assault.
I could actually go on for quite a long time.
Of course if LEOs make an "honest mistake" and take a SWAT team into the wrong house, they cannot be arrested, even if they murder an innocent person. Immunity is a wonderful thing - if you are on the right side of that line.
In each of the instances where cops were found doing something underhanded, do you think they were caught on video the very first time? Do you think none of their "brother officers" knew the skulduggery was going on? The officers?
An SBR AR-15 with a good sound suppressor is IMO better than a shotgun for a home defense longarm.
Matt is absolutely correct about 5.56mm terminal ballistics in wallboard; the bullets frequently begin fragmenting before exiting the second layer of wallboard.
In this month's issue of AMERICAN RIFLEMAN a Hornady Critical Defense 9mm round is fired into ballistic gelatin after passing through a layer of wallboard. This is a round designed to mushroom when striking any surface and it still penetrated over thirteen inches of gelatin and expanded to .57 inches.
Okay, Let me tell you why all the small towns in my area formed SWAT teams, about 15 to 20 years ago.
In one of the these cities, a man decided firing shots at random in the neighborhood was the thing to do. Responding officers and the Chief cleared the neighbors out and attempted to talk to him. When he attempted to shoot the Chief (who had approached him) he was shot by several officers and as a result was disabled.
He sued the city on the basis that since it did not have a trained response team, the city was responsible for his injuries. There was an undisclosed settlement and a gag order put on all the proceedings.
All the neighboring small towns thus felt they had to form SWAT teams trained under the auspices of local Big City to avoid liability. The SWAT teams were the red headed stepchildren of patrol, in most cases, out of necessity, and mostly funded by their members (who of course functioned primarily as patrolmen).
Sorry, no desire for power, just a response to the the court system and city insurance carriers.
I'll tell you what I don't like, and I think I can keep it succinct.
I don't like anything that separates law enforcement officers from other citizens.
LEO's ARE civilians, uniforms or not. No privileges, immunities, special rules, extra spicy weapons, reduced enforcement, or leeway of any kind at all is permissible. If *I* can't do it, *they* can't. They are not different from me. I think everyone see's different aspects as 'militarization', but any and every degree of separation from ordinary is a step in that direction.
Should also point out, in the last few years there have been more officer deaths due to assaults than auto crashes, an unheard of reversal.
There are a lot of reasons, good and bad, to have SWAT teams. You want people to practice the intricate katas that are required for safe, precise entries, searches, detentions, and extractions. You don't need everyone practicing that, though. SWAT doesn't mean "super cop." It means Special Weapons And Tactics. I.E., stuff not used routinely.
In our area, SWAT guys are all patrolmen who agree to be on call, and train a lot extra. It takes more dedication that I frankly would be willing to put in, at this stage in my life. But I want people to have that skill, and I don't want to have to call them out from Dallas or Houston or OKC and wait while they assemble. When I want them, I want them PDQ.
Edited to add: Yes, every street cop should be able to perform low-risk entries, searches, detentions, and even extractions. Every street cop should be trained and practice to respond immediately in high-risk situations if the situation warrants immediate action without time to call in SWAT. But it's worth pointing out that a lot of times, having the SWAT option actually causes officers to take a breath, evaluate whether this requires immediate intervention, or whether it's better to hold the status quo, call in specially trained others, and proceed with caution.
Yeah, that's right-- I just pointed to a philosophy where Special Ops teams are a symbol of cautious law enforcement. Who knew, right?
I'm not going to turn this into your forum to talk about your perception of the endemic problem of dirty cops, but I will point out: Generally you learn of a bad cop from other cops' actions. Also, you know what the opposite of data is, right? Anecdote.
Not impugning your intelligence, Matt G, nor especially your personal politics.
Rather, my disdain is for the thirst for power/money that is systemically inherent in organizations such as unions, churches, or any political body, which LE agencies certainly are.
It is this disconnect that leads to the tail wagging the dog with little regard for the actual needs of peace officers, their original mission statement, and the public they purportedly serve.
And that is why our jails and prisons are full of non-violent "offenders", the apprehension and incarceration of whom "necessitate" the paramilitary equipment and psych-eval'ed mindset that permeates even smalltown agencies today. The end (high arrest/conviction ratios) justifies the means, and the only score that matters is expanded budget and extended regimes. Power/money, money/power.
" Should also point out, in the last few years there have been more officer deaths due to assaults than auto crashes, an unheard of reversal.
Tuesday, August 21, 2012 10:19:00 AM"
That's what I THOUGHT I got from the Street Survival Webinar last night, better look at it again and see what else I misunderstood.
Enjoy your blog, I also work in a small town, with my backup being a Deputy Sheriff or sometimes when they are behind going to back them or secure their scene. So mostly I don't get to see how other folks handle things. So it's neat to read how you do things. Enjoy the family stories and recipes (migas).
Just really mean this as an aside for you, up to you if you want to publish it.
The jails are full of non-violent offenders because our legislators get into a frenzy to prove that they're "tougher on crime," and do nothing more than raise the penalties for what should be at worst simple misdemeanors, if crimes at all. You can't expect a cop not to make an arrest for a felony in his view, nor to investigate them when they're so prevalent. The thing is, many of those crimes shouldn't be felonies.
I don't personally know any cops that are in unions. But I'm from semi-rural Texas, where such things are rare-to-nonexistant.
Matt, that you don't or won't grok my point illustrates my earlier comment that your take on cause-and-effect here seemed naive.
The problem seems to be that you make a distinction between the politics and self-interest (money/power) of LE hierarchy and that of every other bureaucracy that becomes redirected from the needs and purposes of their rank-and-file...and more importantly, of their constituents.
No, that's not actually what I was doing.
Also, there is a legitimate need.
That the level of "legitimate need" is irrelevant to the level of pursuit and purpose is the crux exactly.
> The jails are full of non-violent offenders because our legislators get into a frenzy to prove that they're "tougher on crime,"
Well, that, yes. And, of course, half a million police who are "just following orders" when they arrest these non-violent folks who are enjoying freedoms guaranteed to them under the 9th and 10th amendments.
You can't outsource your morality.
If you can't take the paycheck without violating people's rights, you shouldn't take the paycheck.
Depends, there, TJIC. For example, with regard to drugs-- there are different ways of dealing with it.
Marijuana uses often find their weed poured out and a citation for paraphernalia.
Meth? I don't want meth heads in my town. I don't like how we as a society deal with it, but I have only one voice there. Meth users sadly are addicted to a substance that they now struggle daily to feed. Often the best way to help them is to prevent them for a few days from having access to it. So I lock them up the second that I find them with it. This has the additional effect of incapacitating a very high risk burglar and thief, and of sending the word: if you're going to do it, don't do it in my town. I can't stop crime everywhere, but I can push it (some of it) out of my town.
We've got some very stupid weapons laws, which we often have to overlook just to get through the day.
But do you see the problem here, TJIC? Now you're asking the cop to decide what laws are best, and what laws not to enforce. This leads to inequal enforcement, and the near guarantee of discrimination. The police officer's role in personal rights should be considering how to uphold the citizens' rights while enforcing the law, not deciding which laws are just enough to enforce.
> Depends, there, TJIC. For example, with regard to drugs-- there are different ways of dealing with it.
> Marijuana uses often find their weed poured out and a citation for paraphernalia.
I agree that this sort of discretion is better than sending someone to jail for a year.
...but it's clearly not a pro-liberty position.
Let's say that some slightly different laws are in place, and you found me with a copy of The Moon is a Harsh Mistress. Now, clearly, you're a good guy, and you don't want to send me to jail for three years for something that, in your opinion, is protected under the Constitution.
So you decide to exercise discretion and take my property from me, throw it down a storm drain, and just cite me for the paraphernalia (the bookmark I was using to keep my place). $100 find and I'm good to go.
Now, is this better than going to jail?
Is this the action of an individual who respects the Constitution and individual liberty?
> Meth? I don't want meth heads in my town.
Me either. But I've had far more trouble with alcoholics. So I'd prefer to live in a town without alchoholics. However, under both natural law and the Constitution, people are free to use alcohol (and meth), so there is nothing that one can do about it.
> Meth users sadly are addicted to a substance that they now struggle daily to feed. Often the best way to help them is to prevent them for a few days from having access to it. So I lock them up the second that I find them with it.
I question the word "addicted". They feel a large psychological desire (and a smaller physical desire) to engage in their consumption. ...but that's an argument for another day.
> But do you see the problem here, TJIC? Now you're asking the cop to decide what laws are best, and what laws not to enforce.
No. I'm asking an INDIVIDUAL if he's happy to take a paycheck for enforcing laws that are immoral, unconstitutional, and unjust.
It's a question I'd ask an individual in the US in 2012, in Communist China in 2012, in Stalinist Russia in 1950, and in Germany in 1943.
> The police officer's role in personal rights should be considering how to uphold the citizens' rights while enforcing the law, not deciding which laws are just enough to enforce.
If a policeman (or a member of a jury) is going to try to "uphold citizens' rights" withough spending any time thinking about whether the laws are just, then he or she has already made his decision: obeying orders and receiving a paycheck matters more than freedom.
If a policeman (or a member of a jury) decides that it's above his or her paygrade to think about what rights a citizen has then the Republic is dead.
...which is seems to be.
tl;dr : people can't outsource morality. "Just following orders" doesn't cut it in, even in things that are matters of rights and not life and death.
I'm usually more worried about a cop who openly proclaims himself to be "A soldier in the war on drugs!" Since Officer Friendly didn't train to be a soldier, he shouldn't consider himself one. When non-soldiers think of themselves as soldiers, My Lai scenarios tend to play out all too often. That nonsense in New York this previous week for example.


text:
N.Y. Classics Big Band
New York Dances
N.Y. Classics Big Band - New York Dances 01. DUOF March (5:18) 02. Mood Indigo (4:52) 03. Say Amen, Brother (6:08) 04. First Time At Last (3:48) 05. Sweet Emma (5:17) 06. Corcovado (6:30) 07. Laura's Little Waltz (3:40) 08. No Mas Merengue (2:50) 09. Summer Night (3:08) 10. Sidewalk Samba (4:05) 11. Legs for Days (5:00) 12. Caravan (5:46) 13. Goodbye Pork Pie Hat (9:29)
N.Y. Classics Big Band - orchestra
Nr kat.: M03632
Label : Mapleshade (USA)
The trademark low brass punch of the NY Classics knocks out audiences all over the Big Apple, me included. Not so much a jamming big band like Clifford's, they're more in the tightly-knit Ellington groove. The Classics' leader (and bass trombonist), Jack Jeffers is as good as they get. He's spent more than 30 years in the big band trenches with some of the best, including the Count Basie, Dizzy Gillespie, Ray Charles and Clark Terry big bands. A great composer, Jack's arrangements are a blast! He melds Ellingtonian elegance and bayou funk, gospel and John Philip Sousa, Harlem and the samba. According to Stereophile, "The arrangements are fabulous…it's unbelievably dynamic and physical. Lots of sock, layer upon layer of sound…They just don't come any cooler than this disc."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package xyz.cloudkeeper.model.beans.execution;

import xyz.cloudkeeper.model.bare.execution.BareElementPatternTarget;
import xyz.cloudkeeper.model.bare.execution.BareElementTarget;
import xyz.cloudkeeper.model.bare.execution.BareExecutionTracePatternTarget;
import xyz.cloudkeeper.model.bare.execution.BareExecutionTraceTarget;
import xyz.cloudkeeper.model.bare.execution.BareOverrideTargetVisitor;
import xyz.cloudkeeper.model.beans.element.MutableQualifiedNamable;
import xyz.cloudkeeper.model.immutable.execution.ExecutionTrace;
import xyz.cloudkeeper.model.util.XmlToStringAdapter;

import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlValue;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

final class JAXBAdapters {
    private JAXBAdapters() {
        throw new AssertionError(String.format("No %s instances for you!", getClass().getName()));
    }

    static final class PatternAdapter extends XmlToStringAdapter<Pattern> {
        @Override
        protected Pattern fromString(String original) {
            return Pattern.compile(original);
        }
    }

    private interface JAXBOverrideTarget {
        MutableOverrideTarget<?> toMutableOverrideTarget();
    }

    static final class JAXBElementPatternTarget implements JAXBOverrideTarget {
        @XmlValue
        @Nullable
        private Pattern pattern;

        @Override
        public MutableElementPatternTarget toMutableOverrideTarget() {
            return new MutableElementPatternTarget().setPattern(pattern);
        }
    }

    static final class JAXBElementTarget implements JAXBOverrideTarget {
        @XmlValue
        @Nullable
        private MutableQualifiedNamable element;

        @Override
        public MutableElementTarget toMutableOverrideTarget() {
            return new MutableElementTarget().setElement(element);
        }
    }

    static final class JAXBExecutionTracePatternTarget implements JAXBOverrideTarget {
        @XmlValue
        @Nullable
        private Pattern pattern;

        @Override
        public MutableExecutionTracePatternTarget toMutableOverrideTarget() {
            return new MutableExecutionTracePatternTarget().setPattern(pattern);
        }
    }

    static final class JAXBExecutionTraceTarget implements JAXBOverrideTarget {
        @XmlValue
        @Nullable
        private ExecutionTrace executionTrace;

        @Override
        public MutableExecutionTraceTarget toMutableOverrideTarget() {
            return new MutableExecutionTraceTarget().setExecutionTrace(executionTrace);
        }
    }

    private enum ToJAXBOverrideTargetVisitor implements BareOverrideTargetVisitor<JAXBOverrideTarget, Void> {
        INSTANCE;

        @Override
        public JAXBElementTarget visitElementTarget(BareElementTarget overrideTarget, @Nullable Void ignored) {
            JAXBElementTarget jaxbOverrideTarget = new JAXBElementTarget();
            jaxbOverrideTarget.element = (MutableQualifiedNamable) overrideTarget.getElement();
            return jaxbOverrideTarget;
        }

        @Override
        public JAXBElementPatternTarget visitElementPatternTarget(BareElementPatternTarget overrideTarget,
                @Nullable Void ignored) {
            JAXBElementPatternTarget jaxbOverrideTarget = new JAXBElementPatternTarget();
            jaxbOverrideTarget.pattern = overrideTarget.getPattern();
            return jaxbOverrideTarget;
        }

        @Override
        public JAXBExecutionTraceTarget visitExecutionTraceTarget(BareExecutionTraceTarget overrideTarget,
                @Nullable Void ignored) {
            JAXBExecutionTraceTarget jaxbOverrideTarget = new JAXBExecutionTraceTarget();
            jaxbOverrideTarget.executionTrace = (ExecutionTrace) overrideTarget.getExecutionTrace();
            return jaxbOverrideTarget;
        }

        @Override
        public JAXBExecutionTracePatternTarget visitExecutionTracePatternTarget(
                BareExecutionTracePatternTarget overrideTarget, @Nullable Void ignored) {
            JAXBExecutionTracePatternTarget jaxbOverrideTarget = new JAXBExecutionTracePatternTarget();
            jaxbOverrideTarget.pattern = overrideTarget.getPattern();
            return jaxbOverrideTarget;
        }
    }

    static final class MutableOverrideTargetAdapter extends XmlAdapter<Object, MutableOverrideTarget<?>> {
        @Override
        @Nullable
        public MutableOverrideTarget<?> unmarshal(@Nullable Object original) {
            @Nullable JAXBOverrideTarget jaxbOverrideTarget = (JAXBOverrideTarget) original;
            return jaxbOverrideTarget == null
                ? null
                : jaxbOverrideTarget.toMutableOverrideTarget();
        }

        @Override
        @Nullable
        public Object marshal(@Nullable MutableOverrideTarget<?> original) {
            return original == null
                ? null
                : original.accept(ToJAXBOverrideTargetVisitor.INSTANCE, null);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Trying To Get To Heaven ;-)
Words and music by Bob Dylan
Tabbed by Eyolf Østrem
Note: This is a version with textual commentaries on the lyrics. If you're just looking for the chords (incl. the 2000 live version), you can walk down this lonesome valley.
The air is gettin' hotter, there's a rumblin' in the skies.
I've been wadin' through the high muddy waters, [1]
But the heat riseth in my eyes.
Everyday your memory goes dimmer,
It doesn't haunt me like it did before.
I've been walkin' through the middle of nowhere,
Tryin' to get to heaven before they close the door.[2]
When I was in Missouri, they would not let me be.[3a/3b]
I had to leave there in a hurry, I only saw what they let me see.
You broke a heart that loved you, [3c]
Now you can seal up the book and not write anymore.[4]
I've been walkin' that lonesome valley,[5]
Tryin' to get to heaven before they close the door.
People on the platforms, waitin' for the trains. [6a/6b]
I can hear their hearts a-beatin', like pendulum swingin' on chains.
When you think that you've lost everything,
You find out you can always lose a little more.
I'm just going down the road feelin' bad, [7]
I'm goin' down the river, down to New Orleans.
They tell me everything is gonna be all right,
But I don't know what all right even means.
I was ridin' in a buggy with Miss Mary Jane, [8]
Miss Mary Jane got a house in Baltimore.
I've been all around the world boys,
I'm tryin' to get to heaven before they close the door.
Gotta sleep down in the parlor, and relive my dreams.
I close my eyes and I wonder, if everything is as hollow as it seems.
Some trains don't pull no gamblers,
No midnight ramblers like they did before. [9]
I've been to Sugartown, I shook the sugar down,[10]
Now I'm tryin' to get to heaven before they close the door.
[3a] From a post to r.m.d. from Rob Lake:
I may have missed it but I don't think anyone has posted the connection between the line in "Tryin' To Get To Heaven" and this opening verse from a blues called "Turn Your Money Green":
I was in Missouri, would not let me be
I could not rest content, till I came to Tennessee
I have this song on a Tom Rush album called "Take A Little Walk With Me" where the songwriter is credited as Ric Von Schmidt.
(note: Ric Van Schmidt is one of Dylan's early influences in his first New York period. He learned the song "Baby let me follow you down" on his first album from Von Schmidt. EØ.)
[1] A later verse goes:
I looked over muddy waters, believe I spied dry land
I wade muddy waters, trying to reach dry land
I said if you don't love me, lets shake hand in hand
which may be a source for the earlier line about high muddy water.
This is the Tom Rush album that has a musician called Roosevelt Gook playing piano on the "electric" side 1. At one stage it was thought that this might be Dylan, because he is mentioned in the liner notes as visiting the studio during the sessions, and Dylan refers to Roosevelt Gook during one of the interviews in the 60's (Bob Fass phone in if my memory is correct). I think Al Kooper, who plays electric guitar on the album, later admitted Roosevelt Gook was him - perhaps credited under a different name for payment reasons?
The album also includes Statesboro Blues ("turn your lamp down low"), a song called Suger Babe, and another Ric Von Schmidt tune "Joshua Gone Barbadoes" which Dylan performed as part of the basement sessions.
The album has some similarities with BIABH, with an electric "rock and roll" side and an acoustic side, and signalled Tom Rush's move to performing songs by contemporary songwriters with electric arrangements. It's well worth a listen.
Incidentally, does anyone know if the Dylan/Von Schmidt tape listed in Tangled Up In Tapes (based on an article in Telegraph #44) ever emerged?
[8] From a post to r.m.d. from Seth Kulick:
As a followup to Peter's earlier posting, here are the lyrics to "Miss Mary Jane", from "The Folk Songs of North America" (Alan Lomax).
Ridin' in the buggy, Miss Mary Jane
Miss Mary Jane, Miss Mary Jane
I'm a long way from home
Who moan for me?
Who moan for me, my darlin'?
Sally got a house in Baltimo',
Baltimo', Baltimo'
Sally got a house in Baltimo'
And it's three stories high
An' it's full of chicken pie
From a post by spjohnny:
This may be obvious, but is it reasonable to assume that Miss Mary Jane's got a "house" in the sense of "House of the Rising Sun"? And that because he is "tryin' to get to heaven," the singer is going to "sleep down in the parlor" rather than sleep upstairs with a prostitute? If that is reasonable, and given all the "sun" references on this album, it seems almost as if he's learned a lesson from Frankie Lee's "soulful, bounding leap" in that "house as bright as any sun." But even though he knows the difference between a house and a home and paradise, he has no home and has to bide his time in houses.
[5] From a post by catherine yronwode
Eduardo Monteverdi Ricardo wrote:
The song below is an old Negro spiritual available at Digital Tradition. Does the John the Baptist verse reflect ambivalence about Christian/Jewish identity, do you think?
You got to walk that lonesome valley
You got to walk it by yourself;
There's no one here can walk it for you
You got to walk it for yourself.
Some say John, he was a Baptist
But I say he was a Jew
It's written there, for all to see it
That he had the gospel too.
Though you cannot preach like Peter
And you cannot pray like Paul,
You can tell the love of Jesus
You can tell He died for all.
Jesus walked that lonesome valley...
Now here is my take on the "lonesome valley" line in "Trying To Get To Heaven". While the phrase "that lonesome valley" obviously invokes the old spiritual (and you really brought it home by pointing out the Christian/Jew ambiguity in the second verse!) i would like to add that the FORM of the line
I've been walkin' that lonesome valley
calls into play yet another song, "Hard Travelling'," by Woody Guthrie, in which Guthrie sings:
I've been walking that Lincoln highway, I thought you knowed,
I've been hittin' that 66, Way down the road
Heavy load and a worried mind,
Lookin' for a woman that's hard to find,
I've been hittin' some hard travelin', lord
[note to non-Americans: the Lincoln Highway (Highway 30; the old northern route) and Highway 66 (the old southern route) were travelled by "Dust Bowl Refugees" headed west during the 1930s.]
Guthrie was OBVIOUSLY quoting/rearranging the "Lonesome Valley" spiritual in his song "Hard Travellin'" – and Dylan plays with his knowledge of this by copying Guthrie's FORM, but restoring the altered Lincoln Highway lyric to the ORIGINAL Lonesome Valley lyric, while conflating his search for a woman with a search for Heaven's door.
[9] The gambler also appears in Dylan's "Trying to Get to Heaven" – in a verse that evokes the old gospel song "This train is Bound For Glory," that being the song-title Woody Guthrie chose to reference as the title of his own autobiography!
Here's a verse from Guthrie's version of "Bound For Glory":
This train don't carry no gamblers, this train,
This train don't carry no gamblers
No hypocrites, no midnight ramblers,
This train is bound for glory, this train.
-- and Dylan, from "Trying To Get To Heaven":
Some trains don't pull no gamblers
No midnight ramblers like they did before
[7] Then there is another Dylan's line in the same song:
I'm just going down the road feeling bad
-- and again the link to Guthrie is written in concrete, not floated on the wind, for that line is also Guthrie's, from a song called "Going Down the Road Feeling Bad":
I'm going down the road feeling bad
I'm going down the road feeling bad, Lord, Lord
And I ain't gonna be treated this-a-way.
[6a] Oh, and let's not forget Dylan's lines
People on the platforms
Waiting for the trains
Those are taken from Guthrie's "Poor Boy," in which he sings:
I'm standing on a platform
Smoking a big cigar
Waiting for some old freight train
Carrying an empty car
(Hey – that cigar belongs in "Standing In the Doorway," not "Trying To Get To Heaven" ;-)) But wait! – the very next verse of Guthrie's "Poor Boy" is
I rode her down to Danville town
Got stuck on a Danville girl
You bet your life she was a pearl
She wore that Danville curl
-- and that brings us to Dylan's "New Danville Girl" and her twin-sister, the "Brownsville Girl," who is asked to
Take me all around the world
Evidently the Brownsville Girl complied with Dylan's request, because in "Tring To Get To Heaven," he sings,
I been all around the world, boys
And that, i believe is enough "trainspotting" for this post!!!
[6b] Richard Thomas comments:
On Trying to Get to Heaven, I think spjohnny is right in connecting that house in New Orleans with the one in Baltimore. If so then why not connect
"The Rising Sun Blues" Folk Songs of North America (Lomax) p.290:
One foot is on the platform
The other one on the train,
I'm going back to New Orleans
To wear that ball and chain
with Get to Heaven's
People on the platforms,
waiting for the trains.
I can hear their hearts a-beatin'
like pendulum swingin' on chains
[3c] Also from Richard Thomas:
The one line of "Get to Heaven" that seemed to me closer to Dylan of Blood on the Tracks, e.g., than to his remarkable folk, blues and spiritual intertexts on this amazing song was:
You broke a heart that loved you
But then I found in "Folksongs of Alabama" on the song "Golden Chain" (anyone else notice how many "chains" there are on TOOM?):
You have recked a heart that loved you
And no others bride I'll be;
Heaven's blessings rest upon you
You are nothing more to me.
[3b] By the way, on "they would not let me be" in the same verse of "Get to Heaven" Robert Johnson's "Kindhearted Woman Blues" has the line:
But these evil-hearted women man, they will not let me be
[10] From a post to r.m.d. from Jim Jenigen
Sorry I did not see the original post. But if you're referencing the line I've been to sugartown, I shook the sugar down), I have found what I think is the source.
Dylan: "I've been to sugartown, I shook the sugar down".
Song: "Buck-Eye Rabbit"
in Byron Arnold: Folk Songs of Alabama, University of Alabama Press, 1950, p. 120. This is the date of the anthology. The songs date much earlier.
I wanted su-gah ver-y much,
I went to Sug-ah Town,
I climbed up in that sug-ah tree
An' I shook that sug-ah down.
[4] Here's another.
Dylan: "Now you can seal up the book and not write anymore."
SONG: John The Revelator, third verse
From: Alan Lomax: Our Singing Country, Macmillian, N.Y.,194, p. 22.
Seal up your book, John,
An' don't write no more,
O John, John,
An' don't write no more.'
[2] Indulge me for one more.... The Best One.
Dylan: "Tryin' to get to heaven before they close the door."
Song: The Old Ark's A-Moverin', verse seven
From: Lomax: The Folk Songs of North America, Doubleday,N.Y. 1960.
Heard in Negro churches in the South-West in the 1930's, this song is of Civil War vintage.
Look at that sister comin' 'long slow,
She's tryin' to get to Heaven fo' they close the do'.
Well that will do for now, though I do have more. In fact I have references to 19 lines. The ones above are the most interesting to me right now. This is an incredible song. In my opinion this song alone should be consideration for the Nobel. This writing is so very cleverly crafted it has become my favorite of the record with Not Dark Yet a close second. Even though I have a favorite track I really think this is a record that plays as a whole. I've waited a long time for this kind of record. Thanks Bob.
Peace, Jim Jenigen Richmond VA Asheville Bound
;-) (I actually intended to include only specific references, not general comments, but this one is too good to exclude:)
From "R. Bentz Kirby" to rec.music.dylan:
Today, on the way home from soccer game, I slipped TOOM into the play mode right after the Dreaded Wallflowers. My 8 year old daughter commented on Trying to Get to Heaven. Her comments were something like this:
Well they better not close the door to heaven. At least not until everyone is in. [She thinks for a while and then says] Well, I guess it would be ok, as long as they open it when the next person comes. But, why would they do that. Open and close it. Close it and open it. I think they ought to just leave it open.
Peace, Bentz


text:
it's all one thing
Liz Shetterly, and her memorial service
I've posted 198 pictures at flickr that were taken by one of her neighbors who goes by 3.14R@. I've chosen a few that seem representative. Here's Liz at her flea market:
We held her memorial service there:
My mom and dad, next to my niece, brother, and sister-in-law:
Emma spoke and sang:
My dad and cousin Wanda spoke:
So did good friends we had known in northern Ontario, at what is now Mishkeegogamang First Nation:
So did some of Liz's friends and neighbors in Alberta:
Others sang, or helped beind the scenes, or simply chose silence:
It may've seemed like a strange way to remember someone, but Liz would've approved.
Labels: autobiography
two quotes from the trip
1. "No plan survives contact with my family." —me. (I'm so funny.)
2. "Women's councils are strong." — Chief Connie Gray-McKay of Mishkeegogamang First Nation.
A little background on the second quote: My father is an amazing man in many ways, but when it comes to people's emotional needs, he's clueless. He's heroic at practical needs, which is why so many people love him, but his understanding of emotional needs is so great that he says he doesn't believe in love; he believes in loyalty. After the service, he was being especially clueless. Decades ago, knowing that my father hates the idea of living his last days in a hospital, I decided that should the time come, I would take the responsibility of performing a mercy killing. That day, I was wondering if the mercy killing should be performed a little sooner than I had expected. (Joke. I'm still so funny. But I did make a joke along those lines when Emma, my cousin Wanda, and I were trying to decide what could be done to help my father get a better idea of what my mother needed that day.)
Connie, who lived with my family when they ran a trading post at Rat Rapids, Ontario, and who says she has two mothers, her natural mother and my mom, and one father, my dad, because she didn't know her natural father, was a great help. I told her I wanted to talk to Dad alone, but if I failed, the women should take over. That's when Connie made her observation. She was a very capable teenager when she lived with us; it's no wonder that she's become the chief now.
The talk with Dad went well. But I did warn him the women were ready to come in if necessary, and that didn't hurt the outcome.
five things about my sister's memorial
1. The chief of Mishkeegogamang First Nation drove about 25 hours from northern Ontario with her mother, a good friend, and the friend's daughter to be at the memorial.
2. Two more friends drove about as far from the Northwest Territories.
3. My brother and his family drove about two thousand miles from southern New Mexico.
4. I drove from Tucson. Because I was without my beloved navigator (who flew from Minneapolis), I got lost and set a personal best for driving on the second day: at least 950 miles, and maybe a thousand. (Not planning to do anything like that ever again.) (I left Ogden, Utah, made a wrong turn at Butte, and decided to take a stretch of my favorite road, US 89, from Livingston to Great Falls. Ended the night where I had planned, in my favorite motel, the Bluebird in Claresholm, Alberta.)
5. I conducted the memorial service. It was meant as a gift to my mother, but I regret it a tiny bit: I was a little less present than I would've liked because I had to focus on how everyone else was doing. My day for grieving was the day after. I wish we had recordings of what everyone said. The friends who drove great distances were especially poignant, but perhaps the most touching comments were from three children from different families who I had not known, friends of Liz's from the area. Their parents said they had not expected the kids to say anything, but hearing the adults speak, one girl decided to speak, and then another boy and girl did also. It's good to know my sister was loved so very much.
Lost Sibling Club
This is not a club very many people want to join. While I've appreciated comments from everyone, in some ways, hearing from people who have lost siblings is especially touching. Then my gut reaction isn't along the lines of "Thanks for the sympathy." It's more like, "Oh, man, I'm sorry!"
Ann Vandermeer posted pictures of her sister a few days ago on Facebook. I think I'll do something like that for Liz after the memorial. In the meantime, there are a few pictures of her at the Dogland post I made a while back. This is the canonical one:
update with small mystery
The family and friends will gather next week. We're still working out details, changing Emma's ticket so she can meet me in Edmonton, weighing the merits of me driving up or both of us flying for the whole trip, etc. Many phone calls have been made. It's odd how funerals are too often the times we see people we love. I must tell a relative to get married.
Actually, among the coincidences: my nephew Brian got married without telling anyone on the morning Liz died. He's driving up with his new wife and their child, the most adorable two-year old ever.
Mom doesn't remember the exact term the coroner used; she came away thinking it was some sort of heart disease. I have had slightly high cholesterol for the last few years, never so high that the doctor insisted I start taking something for it, but now I will.
The mystery: Liz and Mom usually put both of their names on anything like a bank account or safety deposit box. There's no will in the safety deposit box that Mom's name was also on. But two days before she died, Liz rented another safety deposit box, and Mom's name isn't on it. They can't open it until they have a death certificate.
I don't think it's a big mystery. I suspect Liz needed to get Mom's signature to add her to the official owners of the new box. But if I was plotting a story, this would have to be significant.
What I really think is it's another example of none of us knowing how much time we have left.
another day, another update: Liz
I think the oddest moment occurred yesterday. I was thinking about my parent's situation now, and this thought blipped through my mind: "Thank God Lizzie's up there to look after them. Oh."
I talked to my cousin who has been closest to Mom and Dad, and she agrees that the right thing to do is to follow their wishes about waiting to go up. I called the folks today and got a woman who was cleaning Liz's house. She said Mom and Dad were handling things surprisingly well. I think coping with the immediate problems is an important part of how they're coping with this.
I don't envy anyone doing the cleanup. One of the many ways that Liz and I were opposites is she was a packrat. Her flea market was an excuse to indulge that. There are two large tents like quonset huts filled with the sorts of things you find at swap meets--"flea market" is not a euphemism for an antique business. A blunter name for Liz's business would be that she was a junk dealer, but to her, everything was useful, and it was just a matter of waiting until the right person came along for the right thing.
Whether Liz's business has negative value, I don't know, but a great deal of her collection will probably end up in a landfill now, because she won't have the thirty years she should've had to find the buyer for every unwanted thing she owned.
I don't think anyone's found a will yet. Lizzie lived with cats and dogs. She never married or had children. Alberta law says when people die intestate without spouses or children, everything goes to the parents, and fortunately, Mom and Dad are both able to handle finances, so I'm not worried about that. But I wonder if there's a will, simply because Liz would've had so much fun dividing her possessions.
If you don't have a will, find out what happens if you die intestate, then decide if you're comfortable with that.


To further build the relationship between Glasgow and Colombia, the University has developed a partnership with the Fundación para el futuro de Colombia. Columbia University is a private institution that was founded in It has a total undergraduate enrollment of 6,, its setting is urban, and the campus size is. información RSS · Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sitio Oficial · Aspirants · Students · Graduates · Teachers · Administratives. entai.co.uk The University.


Collecting personal information is necessary if we are to satisfy the expectations and requirements of our users, e.g. by communicating with them in mailing lists, allowing them to comment on blog articles and for study of data to improve our website for our visitors. We appreciate that you do not want the personal information you provide to us distributed indiscriminately and here we explain how we collect information and what controls you have.
(a) Non-personal information such as files downloaded. Numerical IP addresses, user agent strings and the date and time of your visit.
(b) Personal information such as your name, address and email address. We collect this information only in connection with specific activities, such as general enquiries and interactive data input. You don't have to disclose any of this information to browse our site. However, if you do choose to withhold requested information, we may not be able to provide you with certain services.
(c) Interactive data defined as any data stored in tracking and analytical cookies.
We may disclose personal information if we receive a complaint about any content you have posted, if required to do so by law or if we believe that such action is necessary to protect and defend the rights, property or personal safety of the web site and its visitors.
Our site contain links to other websites. We cannot be responsible for the privacy policies and practices of other websites even if you access them using the links from our websites and recommend that you check the policies of each site you visit. If you linked to our website from a third party website, we cannot be responsible for the privacy policies and practices of the owners or operators of that third party site and recommend that you check the policy of that third party site and contact its owner or operator if you have any concerns or questions.
We place great importance on the security of all personally identifiable information associated with our customers and users. We have security measures in place to attempt to protect against the loss, misuse and alteration of personal data under our control. Our security and privacy policies are periodically reviewed and enhanced as necessary and only authorised personnel have access to user information. Preventative measures have been taken to protect against XSS (Cross Site Scripting), XRXF (Cross Site Request Forgery) and SQL Injection. We have taken care to ensure that the system of data collection and storage implemented by this website does its best to conform with the guidelines set in Information Security (Principal 7) of the data protection act.
by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages.
Information which you submit via our websites forms is sent to a computer located in the United Kingdom.
If you would like to review or revise information you have previously provided to us online, you may do so by emailing john@thegrapestore.com.


I took the Reesults exam prep on Saturday and bought the simulators for the National exam and took my exam Monday and passed! The strategies you gain for test taking really help, I had to retrain myself on how to take a test the correct way. I recommend and know many who have also used Mark's class and do as well.
I will tell you that this is the most effective method of study I have ever had. I've taken other licenses and certifications. The technique of reading the answers and then the question saved me a lot of time. I can go on and on, just enroll in the class and get the simulators.
I began attending Mark's Saturday Prep courses in November of 2018. Over those months, I learned SO much from the PDF provided with my purchase, attending the prep classes, and just talking with Mark. The way he sets up his materials and teaches is very helpful in actually LEARNING real estate aspects rather than just MEMORIZING them. I passed the National and Nebraska State portions of the test on my first try & have REEsults Coaching to thank for much of that!
This class gives you everything you need for passing the AMP Real Estate Exam. You get a book and online portion to study from for both the National and State Tests. I reviewed just as Mark coached and passed my exam on the first try!
I took the exam prep class with Mark. The materials and methods are proven to deliver the "reesults" we are all looking for!
After passing the state exam but failing the national it was recommended to me to take Mark's Exam Prep class. I passed the exam on my next try. His methods really work! I wish I had taken it sooner. Highly recommend!
This class along with the materials helped me to pass the test 1st time. The sample tests were awesome! Mark was always available to answer my questions….24/7. —Thank you Mark.
Over the last month, I really hit the coursework hard and passed my NE Broker's exam Friday! I just wanted to reach out and say thank you, it would not have been possible without the Reesults Coaching!!! I was finally able to let go of the test anxiety and really focus on the terminology and the questions to take the test without worry!
Mark's pre-exam cirriculum and coaching iis highly recommended. I could have not passed the exam on the 1st try had I not studied his material and guidelines. Truly a game changer in learning and retaining the content!
Nothing like the school I went to 44 years ago. If I would have been aware of this method of preparing for a test , I might have been valedictorian of my class. Thank you for new skills that will serve me again and again!!!
Passed the broker's exam the first time I took it. I took several classes and the exam prep course with instructors Mark and Russ Williams. Both are extremely knowledgeable and have tons of real estate experience to speak from. Their passion for the business is great and their passion for educating and developing is even greater. They make themselves available at nearly all times to address questions and aid if necessary. I completed two classes at another real estate school in Omaha, and without question, I would recommend Reesults Coaching over any other school.
I passed my exam on my first try. Mark is very dedicated to helping his students to succeed in the real estate industry. He was always available to answer all my questions. Not only Mark had helped me prepared for my exam, I had also gained a lot of knowledge from just listening to him sharing his experiences. His teaching method and his wealth of knowledge definitely worth every single penny of my investment, but more importantly every single minute of the 60hrs I had put in!
I called on short notice to the office and Mark himself answered the phone! I told him I had a short time to the exam - 48 hours - having completed some classes at MCC just needed to make sure I could pass the state and local exams. He told me just what to do to prepare online and I got 'er done - plus he gave great advice about what to do after I passed. Excellent coach and online services!
Please know that your commitment to your students shows in our success!! I believe your life examples helped a ton to relating the material to real life and I only hope I can be as successful as both of you have been in your careers.
Thank you for all your time & caring about MY new career!!
Mark's STATE (Nebraska) Real Estate Exam Simulators were a huge help to me for passing the tests on the first try. Especially the state portion. The way it lays out the question, answer and the explanation of the answer made learning the material ten times easier. Can't recommend these and his study prep classes enough.
I did end up taking the broker exam this morning - and passed both portions! This was my first attempt at it, and I am convinced I would not have had the same results if I didn't use your method and materials. Thank-you for being a valuable resource!
It was actually fairly easy, but that's because I spent about 4-5 hours per day for 4 days studying only the exam prep materials that you gave me. The book and all the print outs were invaluable! They were the test! There's a lot of material to learn, but there's no way, of course, to know what questions will be on the test, so I had to study it all. Il I've always been an anxious test taker, so I followed EXACTLY what you said about sitting back, hand off mouse, reading the answers from D to A, then reading the question. YOU WERE RIGHT! You can almost always eliminate 2 of the answers before you even read the question. After the first several questions, I relaxed, knowing that I knew the material, and that taking the test the way you taught us works. The amount of time you spend preparing us for the tests, and the Saturday mornings you devote to us, is very commendable. It's easy to see that you do all of this to make US successful. Thank you so much, and I'll look forward to seeing you now that I'm a realtor!
I finally took the National and Nebraska tests yesterday and passed both the FIRST TIME!. Your exam prep info was way more valuable than all the classes I took at the 'other' real estate school.
The Exam Prep class taught by Mark gave me the confidence and knowledge I needed to successfully pass both the State and National exams the first time I took them!
I passed my test the first time in 2.5 hours, and credit the Reesults Exam Prep with Mark in providing me the training, and materials that made it happen. I followed Mark's guide exactly, moving through the materials as taught. And while I was told I would walk "in" with a little swagger, I didn't feel the swagger until after the State portion ... when I knew I was prepared. Great class and worth every minute and every $. A great decision. Thanks ReEsults Training team!
I absolutely could not have passed the Brokers Exam on the First try without this program. Follow the system and believe, because it works!! Thank You!!
Mark Wehner's REEsults Coaching process is revolutionary. The energy and enthusiasm is infectious and stimulating. The fresh approach to information sharing provides for a fun and an exceptionally rewarding learning experience. Classroom phobia is quickly replaced by a desire to participate. I am completely comfortable recommending REEsults Coaching's School of Real Estate to anyone that is serious about joining the real estate Industry and wanting to hit the ground running.
I just returned home from taking my Real Estate Exam... and I PASSED on the FIRST try! I owe it all to the wonderful instructors at REESults Coaching! I tried the self-study option thru another school a couple years ago and I couldn't get past the first few pages. I was highlighting everything! I was referred to this school by a Broker and boy was he right! I have pretty bad A.D.D. and have a hard time retaining stuff, but their methods worked for me! Their personal stories/experiences helped me remember terms, their methods help me retain the information, and their personal caring touch is what set it apart from the rest! Your relationship with them isn't over once the class has ended, it's only begun! Such supportive and caring instructors that I can call at any moment for help with anything. That's the REEsults way! Do yourself a favor and study with the BEST!
I wasn't sure if I wanted to be in real estate but taking Mark's classes give me the knowledge and stories to give me the confidences to know I could do this!! I would highly recommend REEsults coaching to anyone who ask me!! I loved his reviews and especially the exam prep would of never been ready to take the national and state!! Mark is someone who has been in the business for many of years and he gives you real life situations that it's makes it easier to understand!! Thanks again Mark!
Just wanted to follow up and share the good news that I sat for my Broker's exam yesterday and passed both sections on the first try. I'm really pleased! Your course and materials were exactly what I needed to get me prepared!
Mark, Just thought I would let you know that I passed my Brokers exam (on the first try) May 19th. Your material was VERY helpful, and was the KEY to me passing. I will recommend, and refer you in the future.
"Nailed it! Passed both exams today in a little under two hours!
I took the course from Mark for my brokers exam and was very impressed with the information and studying process he taught us. Completely made a difference when I sat for my brokers exam.
I live a great distance from Omaha and Mark still was able to guide me and answer all my questions via email, phone and text.
I am not the best test taker, but went in with the confidence I needed to pass, all in due to Mark and his great program. This way of studying and taking a test is also something I have passed along to my kids.
Thank you Mark and I highly encourage anyone who is wanting to take their salesperson exam or brokers exam to first take your course!
I used the online version of the Reesults Coaching to prepare for my Nebraska real estate license exam. I found it very easy to use and full of easy to understand information. The exam prep class was excellent and the practice exams were very similar to the actual license exam. I passed both the general (national exam) and the state exam the first time I took them! I would highly recommend this program to anyone!
I took my real estate test 32 years and passed. I let my license lapse a few years ago but decided to get back into the business. I had some apprehension about passing the test as I was sure things had changed dramatically. I reached out to Mark as we have been in the business together and I was well aware of his stellar reputation on his classes and pre-license training. I studied very diligently and used his techniques and methods exactly how Mark presented. I passed both sections of the test in a little over 2 hours and owe almost 100% of this success to Mark-my studying contributed obviously but with his technique-the studying was well directed. I am 61 years old-passed the test the first time-If I can do it-you can. He has my complete endorsement-Thanks Mark !!!
The classes are very informative and instructors are experienced in their fields. The test prep class is a MUST and Mark is willing to help and answer any and all questions with real life scenarios, which lend to full understanding. He is genuinely concerned with helping those in his class not only pass the test, but be successful! Since I passed my test, I look forward to the CE classes at Reesults coaching!
This is such an amazing tool for feeling more comfortable and confident about the real estate test! I took some other prep courses, and left feeling anxious and uncertain about the test and the material. After taking this course and going through the material, I felt so much better about taking the test and went into it knowing I knew how to read and understand the questions! This is definitely an investment in your real estate career!
This was my second attempt and I scored a 92 on IG and an 82 on DM on the Broker's Simulation Exam. I studied the Broker Simulation material you provided to the point that I had memorized every simulation and scored a 100% on all 12 simulations. I would advise that people studying for the Broker Simulation do the same, the Simulation was the most challenging part of the exam for me and studying it to the point of memorization is what I feel enabled me to pass. Anyway, thank you so much for your help and study material. You have devoted a lot of time and effort to develop a study program and material to enable others to be able to start and/or advance in the real estate profession and you should be proud of what you have developed.
I hate tests and obsess about them constantly until they are over. I was worried sick about being able to pass the real estate tests and get my license. I am proud to say that I have passed both of the tests and frankly, many times, I knew the question before I read it! That is right - the question. Mark makes learning easy and fun. He has turned traditional education and test prep on its head. If you want to pass the exam and get a head start on really understanding the art of real estate, I highly suggest you enroll in Mark's school. Each session is fun and informative! There are no lectures, no reading of useless information. Your time is spent getting ready for the test and getting excited about your future. I highly recommend REEsults Coaching and look forward to attending many more classes with Mark and his team.
Originally completing Larabee and attempting the real estate exam proved to be more difficult than I had thought. I was discouraged after failing the state and national exams miserably but was given Mark's contact information.
Attending REEsults Coaching was the best decision I ever made! Small class sessions, flexibility on schedules, and some of the strongest knowledge in the industry are just a few of the wonderful experiences I walked away with. I learned more in the one month I attended classes than the 6 months it took me to get through Larabee.
Everything that Judi taught actually made sense and the process that Mark suggests to help pass the exam really made sense. I walked away from exam prep with a new found confidence, a wealth of knowledge, a respect for the instructors I never thought possible, and a passing grade on the state and national exams.
I will recommend REEsults Coaching to every person I encounter that is beginning their real estate journey. This program is by far the best program I could have ever asked for. —Thank You!
Good job, Mark. Very professionally thought out course for my needs - as a Nebraska Real Estate Broker Candidate.
Mark's materials helped immensely. Also, I had a few questions, from a distance point of view (150 miles from the Omaha headquarters) that I needed to have clarified. I would either call or text Mark, which he encouraged me to do, and he would respond almost immediately. I was very pleased with this personal service. I would recommend using his materials and services to help pass your licensee exams.
I am a horrible test taker. I also really hate tests too. I was skeptical about if this program could actually help me pass the exam. After talking with Mark I was convinced I should try the class out. I spent $165 on the full package to pass the Broker's Exam. I followed his suggestions and studied the material. After going through the material I figured I would give the Broker's Test a shot. I passed the first time! I was able to pass with just the materials he sent to study and I did not have to go to the class. This program works but you must study and go through all the material. It is put together very well and easy to understand. If you put the effort into this class, you will pass your exam. Final thought, I would have paid at least double maybe more for this material, had I known I would pass the first time! It was worth it.
I started taking classes in February and slowly paced myself through the course work as I am also working another full time job. I used his materials and techniques to study and they really helped me out. I am not someone who generally does well on tests however today I am proud to say I passed my test, both National and State, on my first try!
I could not have done this without the help of Mark, Russ and all of my peers that were in class with me. If I could recommend Mark and his Real Estate School ten times over I'd do it eleven!!
After failing the Nebraska Real Estate Salesperson exam twice, I was determined to find a better way. Mark provided the fresh start, test-taking strategy and better understanding of the material that I needed to finally pass the exam. Not only is he an industry expert, but his passion is contagious and keeps you moving forward with a very positive outlook. His Salesperson Exam Prep course and materials transformed my experience and approach - this absolutely works if you follow the study plan and apply the strategies he provides. I finally passed the exam with hours to spare and I owe that to Mark without question. If you are looking to pass the exam on your first try or if you have not been successful in the past, I highly recommend Mark's Real Estate Exam Prep at REEsults Coaching. You will go into the exam with the confidence knowing you WILL pass, anxiety-free! If I could start all over, I would have taken my core classes and exam prep all from Mark from the beginning. It would have saved me time, money and the stress of failing the exam twice.
If you are interested in taking the Nebraska Real Estate Salesperson exam, I highly recommend Mark's program - you will pass with flying colors and feel prepared to start your career with an energized approach! I encourage everyone I know to go through REEsults Coaching for all of your real estate education needs, it's the most valuable investment you can make in yourself!
Thank you Mark, Doug Dohse, and Russ Williams for an amazing experience! I took Finance, Law, and Exam Prep. Due to the great content material, the awesome instructors, and the test taking system, I passed the Real Estate Exam on the first try. THANK you! Mark and team, they were enthusiastic and are there to help you succeed. Again, thank you for EVERYTHING!!!!
Not only does he supply you with prep exams to help prepare you for the material on the test, but HOW to take the test as well. That's just as important since the real estate exam is meant to trip you up and make you fail. If you follow his direction you WILL pass! I highly recommend Mark's class if you're looking to take the State and National Real Estate Exam.
You will have the materials you need and most importantly you will know how to study them. Would recommend to anybody wanting to get into real estate.
Mark's system works! I couldn't recommend Mark's Exam Prep Course strongly enough! If you want your best opportunity to pass the real estate exam....take your classes at REEsults Coaching's School of Real Estate; and follow Marks instructions to the letter. Marks system works!
After taking a 3 day real estate exam prep course at another school in town, I left feeling overwhelmed and unprepared. I heard about Mark's REEsults Coaching School and decided to give it a try. He gave us test taking strategies and lots of helpful study materials. I took my tests two weeks later and PASSED both the State and the National on the FIRST try!! Following Mark's test taking methods and studying all of his materials was the key to my success! I highly recommend REEsults Coaching and thank Mark for sharing his expertise!
Gal at the testing office was surprised - mentioned less than 30% pass both on first attempt.
Walked in with a lot of confidence that Mark's course gave me the right info AND process of how to study and take the tests.
If you're still shopping around for courses, instructors, or even a school to prep you for the exams...you must consider and enroll in REEsults Coaching School of Real Estate if you want proven results! His method of instruction is effective, materials are spot on, and his real-world experiences provide for interesting anecdotes that tie what we study into how it applies to being a salesperson. Even if you suffer from test anxiety as some of us do (I have a friend that might), he provides logical methods to focus on while taking the test. Ultimately, check him out, talk to previous students if necessary, and make an appointment...you have exams to pass!
Mark's passion and caring ways, will always inspire me to help others. I took my classes at a different school in which the curriculum was very outdated. I didn't realize this until it was time for the test, needless to say it didn't go very well. I turned to Mark and with some time he got me where I needed to be so I was successful on both tests! Mark is the difference.
I was able to take and pass the exam with 37 minutes to spare!
After taking my classes elsewhere and then failing the exam, I discovered Marks Exam Prep Course by accident really. He exposed the process of taking the exam in such a way that it really forced a different way of thinking. This thought process took a few weeks to "click", but once it did, I was able to take and pass the exam with 37 minutes to spare and with almost no stress. Marks approach is dynamic and unlike anything else I have ever seen. I will without any hesitation take every class I can. I want to learn as much about the real estate business as I can, and I can think of no one better to learn it from than REEsults Coaching This is an excellent resource for existing and new Real Estate Professionals.
Thank you Mark for sharing your expertise and proven approach to test taking! Setting aside 'old school' methods of test taking allowed me to trust Marks instruction and guidance to pass both National and State exams!
I cannot express enough how grateful I am for Mark Wehner. I was attending another school in town and was having a hard time passing a class. I had one more shot to take a test with no option but get a high score or take the class over. It was at this time a mutual friend introduced me to Mark. Using Mark's advice and study techniques, I was able to pass that class with an almost perfect score!
I decided to take the Exam prep through REEsults and it was then that it seemed like I was seeing most of the information for the first time which made me very nervous about testing for my license. What I wasn't aware of is that I WAS seeing much of the information for the first time. After this, I enrolled and took Modern Real Estate Practice which was like Principles & Practices course again through REEsults along with their exam prep.
The course through REEsults was outstanding. Judi has to be one of the most knowledgeable and creative teachers I have ever had. Along with REEsults study techniques and Judi's wisdom – everything for the first time just made sense!! Judi not only brings working knowledge to the material but is such a pleasure to be around. I appreciate so much the pleasure of attending classes at REEsults and look forward to future continuing education opportunities. I can confidently say that if you want the best of the best to move your success forward, REEsults is the only option. Mark and Judi are both such a class act and I look forward to all opportunities to work with them again! Thank you!!!!
There were many terms and several concepts that were totally left out of the study materials at the other school, but I was able to study them thanks to the REEsults information.
I took my course work elsewhere, and scored very well on all exams I took for those classes. However, I know without a doubt that if I hadn't received the book, practice exams, and other review materials from REEsults review class that I would have failed the actual exam.
I would definitely recommend this course to anyone who is preparing to take the real estate exam.
I will admit, it was not an easy test at all, but with his help, I was able to understand the concepts better and Mark helped me apply the questions to real-life situations.
I was able pass the exam my FIRST time and in under 2 hours total!!!
I had the opportunity to meet with Mark and discuss what I needed from a Real Estate prep course. After speaking with Mark, receiving his materials, learning his method and attending just 1 prep seminar I was able pass the exam my FIRST time and in under 2 hours total!!! The way Mark explains his philosophy of test taking and the materials he provides is above and beyond what I previously received! The Verbiage, structure and ideas within the REEsults Coaching program are almost verbatim what you can expect from the test! Mark believes in his students and will do whatever it takes for them to be successful, I highly recommend the materials he provides, but more importantly I recommend Mark's enthusiasm and confidence in making the program an industry leading curriculum.
I just finished taking the state and national exams for the first time after taking your course. Before I tell you the results I will be the first to admit I was skeptical about your approach and methodology but as adhered to your instructions and study methods I began to understand your approach to this. I could see during my studying and adhering to your methods that you could really see the answers jumping out. I passed both exams on the first attempt. I am a true believer to your approach to not only this exam but how to approach any exam in this format in the future. I look forward to being able to thank you personally in the very near future.
Mark is very entertaining and great source for all of my questions. His prep Class made sence of how to take the test and the material that comes with the class is what got me to pass the tests. His help also went beyond the class setting and shows that he really wants to help people. Thank you!
This class and the methods taught were great. Mark's techniques helped me relax for the test, and it only took me 2hrs 10 minutes to pass both sections of the state! The materials provided were perfect.


Freyja is a young blonde vanir girl dressed in dark green and white traveling clothes, and wears a similarly colored hat. She is unable to speak the dark elven language like her brother, and needs others to translate. Despite the hardships she faced that separated her from Freyr, Freyja remains a cheerful young lady who is happy to talk about her people and culture to visitors. Freyja is described as being idealistic about allowing drowussu into Vanaheimr.
Freyja and Freyr became separated from one another during a halme attack, and saw herself captured and brought to Nagyescsed's dungeons to be sacrificed to the halme king. She is quite scared of the ordeal but is able to manage thanks to Myou Kyorl'solenurn serving as a translator. When she and the other captives are freed by Ariel Val'Sarghress, the question of where to take the light elven slaves is brought up: Freyja mentions that other Vanir like herself exist beyond the northern mountains in Vanaheimr and they could stay in her homeland. Curiously, Freyja finds herself speaking to Diva in her own language and is given a message of greeting to Vala Hudr of House Trehar from Diva'ratrika of Sharess' House, but the little girl is unable to remember such a thing.
The journey to Vanaheimr is difficult--Chirinide and the others are still pursued by halme knights, loosing one of the vanir slaves along the way. They are also troubled by the stark change to chilly weather made worse by the lack of supplies. Still, Freyja remains optimistic about seeing her home again, happily telling the others tidbits about it. During the trip through the country's guardian mana forest the group is attacked--Freyr uses the opportunity to retrieve Freyja but quickly pummeled by the Val'Kyorlsolenurn. Freyja is sad to see the group go when the drowussu children leave Kveyka (for no one had told her anything until Freyr had come to see her), but is promised to go see the Vala at a later time for an important talk.
This page was last modified on 18 October 2018, at 18:49.


text:
Portal naukowy
Wydawcy / Instytucje
Review of International American Studies
Czasopisma naukowe / Review of International American Studies
Review of International American Studies (RIAS) is the peer-reviewed, electronic / print-on-demand, Open Access journal of the International American Studies Association, a worldwide, independent, non-governmental association of American Studies. RIAS serves as agora for the global network of international scholars, teachers, and students of America as a hemispheric and global phenomenon. RIAS is published twice a year (Fall-Winter and Spring-Summer). The journal is funded from Association's annual dues as specified in the "Membership" section of the Association's website. All topical manuscripts should be directed to the RIAS Editors through this website.
RIAS, available free not only to all members of IASA, but also offering all issues for free to the general Americanist public, is designed to facilitate that conversation. National associations of American Studies continue to make very valuable contributions to the subject, but much of their focus is necessarily on matters close to home: the protection of local programs, safeguarding faculty positions, attempting to raise the subject's profile in often difficult circumstances, and so on. IASA, by contrast, offers the possibility of complementary or contrary perspectives which can expose practitioners of American Studies to intellectual outlooks very different from their own. This is not an 'export' model of American Studies, but one based upon the idea of reciprocal interaction, of mutual exchange and enlightenment. For academics based in North America or Europe, seeing how things appear from Australasia or Asia, Latin America or Africa, can often appear as a salutary corrective to the insularity of ideas often assumed, wrongly, to enjoy universal validity.
The function of RIAS, as indeed of IASA in general, is to enhance channels of communication among scholars concerned with American Studies in different parts of the world, so as to enable the subject to grow and develop in ways that may not be visible to any of us at the present time. While RIAS has no preconceived academic agenda, it will of course depend crucially for its usefulness on the participation of scholars in many different parts of the world. This e-journal is a venue of global intellectual exchange in American Studies, and, to this end, we warmly welcome contributions from all quarters.
Prof. Giorgio Mariani, University of Rome 'Sapienza' Italy
Prof. Paweł Krzysztof Jędrzejko, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
Prof. John E. Dean, Texas A&M International University, USA
Dr György Tóth, University of Stirling, United Kingdom
Senior Copyeditors
Dr. Emily Metzner, Department of Anthropology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
Mark Olival-Bartley, Amerika-Institut, LMU München, Germany
Dr. Manlio Della Marca, Amerika-Institut, LMU München, Germany
Founding Editors
Dr Michael Boyden, English Department Uppsala University Sweden, Sweden
Past Editors-in-Chief
2010–2016: Prof. Cyraina Johnson-Roullier, University of Notre Dame USA, United States
1996–2010: Dr Michael Boyden, English Department Uppsala University, Sweden
Past Senior Copyeditor
Marta Cafiso, University of Rome 'Sapienza' Italy
Meghan McKinney Jones, Department of English, University of Notre Dame, United States
RIAS INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC BOARD
Zilà Bernd (University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)
Manuel Broncano (Texas A&M University at Laredo, USA)
Theo D'Haen (Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium)
Carlos Garrido Castellano (Lisbon University, Portugal)
Thomas Claviez (University of Berne, Switzerland)
Jane Desmond (University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign)
Virginia Dominguez (University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign)
Maria del Mar Gallego Durán (University of Huelva, Spain)
Paul Giles (University of Sidney)
José Antonio Gurpegui (Universidad de Alcalá, Spain)
Manpreet Kang (Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, India)
Liam Kennedy (University College Dublin, Ireland)
Elisabetta Marino (Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy)
Carlo Martinez (Università "Gabriele D'Annunzio," Italy)
Samantha Viz Quadrat (The Fluminense Federal University, Brazil)
Roshan Lal Sharma (Central University of Himachal Pradesh, India)
Regina Schober (University of Mannheim, Germany)
Ian Tyrrell (University of New South Wales, Australia)
Lea Williams (Norwich University, USA)
Sun Youzhong (Beijing Foreign Studies University, China)
RIAS EDITORIAL BOARD
Marta Ancarani (Universidad Nacional de Villa Maria)
Rogers Asempasah (University of Cape Town, Ghana)
Antonio Barrenechea (University of Mary Washington, USA)
Claudia Ioana Doroholschi (The West University of Timisoara, Romania)
Martin Halliwell (University of Leicester, UK)
Patrick Imbert (University of Ottawa)
Manju Jaidka (Panjab University)
Djelal Kadir (Pennsylvania State University, USA)
Eui Young Kim (Inha University, South Korea)
Rui Kohiyana (Tokyo Woman's Christian University, Japan)
Kryštof Kozák (Charles University, Czech Republic)
Elizabeth A. Kuebler-Wolf (University of Saint Francis, USA)
Márcio Prado (Universidade Estudal de Maringá)
Yanyu Zeng (Hunan University of Science and Technology, China)
Prof. Giorgio Mariani
Dipartimento di Studi Europei, Americani e Interculturali
Università "Sapienza" di Roma
Circonvallazione Tiburtina 4
RIAS Editor-in-Chief
Università Sapienza di Roma
Email: giorgio.mariani@uniroma1.it
Pawel Jedrzejko
Email: pawel.jedrzejko@us.edu.pl
Zobacz wcześniejsze tomy
International American
https://www.journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/RIAS
Studies Association
https://doi.org/10.31261/RIAS.x.xxxx.xx
Aktualnie redakcja nie prowadzi naboru tekstów
Cyniarska 38
e-mail: info@academic-journals.eu
Colloquia Russica
ZN Humanistyczne
Najbliższe wydarzenia / konferencje
Konflikty, spory, waśnie
Zbrodnie – historia, społeczeństwo, kultura i media
Kryzys(y)
© 2021 Academic Journals


So David said to Ittai, "Come along then." So Ittai the Gittite went along, accompanied by all his men and all the dependents who were with him.
He brought me out into a wide open place; he delivered me because he was pleased with me.
Magnify the Lord with me! Let's praise his name together!
"You know how I have worked for you," Jacob replied, "and how well your livestock have fared under my care.


Mother Nature Network is the world's leading source for environmental news, advice on sustainable living, conservation and social responsibility. How to cope with an alcoholic spouse-Twenty ways of coping with an alcoholic husband or wife. Proven ways of handling difficult relationships. These Hey Guys. Yes it's called Karela, I have learnt from my mom, how to cook this. Just let you know when you Put indian or chinese karela/bitter melon in water Rammed Earth Construction is the ultimate in building with local materials. It is build from earth that is dug up from the building site. The technique consists.
Please note that once you make your selection, it will apply to all future visits to NASDAQ.com. If, at any time, you are interested in reverting to our default. About Akinika Debt Recovery. Akinika Debt Recovery, formerly Iqor Recovery Services, are a Preston based debt collection company. As with any debt collector their. 42 Mins Ago. The president is expected to sign an executive order Saturday that will direct his Commerce Department and the U.S. The last week has been a frenzy. Though I do have a couple of Glocks, I've always considered myself a revolver aficionado. I'd heard of Charter Arms, but honestly, prior to this purchase, I never. Yes, air travel is pretty amazing. But between flight delays and bumped seats, airlines give us a lot to complain about, too. Boarding procedures, for example, often.
There's an easy way to test whether your garden soil has a healthy population of bacteria, worms, and more: bury a pair of 100 percent cotton underwear 21 True Facts About Gaddafi You Weren't Told. By GPD on October 29, 2011. Gaddafi's pimps still peddling his lies Editor's note: The original document. How To Finance A Tiny House sets out the different options for securing the financing and funding to build or buy a tiny house. Throughout the last year, I've been increasingly troubled by a set of vague thoughts centered on the word addiction. Addiction as a concept has expanded Hell and High Water. Boomtown, Flood Town. by Neena Satija for The Texas Tribune and Reveal; Kiah Collier for The Texas Tribune; and Al Shaw for ProPublica August 20, 2012. Click for our Daily Tropical Weather Report. The August 19th, 2012 issue of The STAR (Cayo) is online HERE. This Week's Stories: Fourteen Brawling.


text:
Community of the Beatitudes
The Beatitudes ecclesial family is made up of priests and brothers, consecrated sisters and lay members. All the members of the Community share a common vocation of prayer, service and hospitality. Our Spirituality is both Eucharistic and Marian, inspired by the Carmelite tradition of contemplative prayer and living out the spirit of the Beatitudes.
 Contemplative prayer, a pure dialogue of love, has an essential place in our life, for it is the royal pathway by which we are led to the knowledge of Him who is Himself all Love: "The one who does not love, does not know God, for God is love" (1 Jn. 4, 8) (Book of Life, 22c).
"Contemplative prayer is nothing more than a close sharing between friends, it means taking time frequently to be alone with Him who we know loves us." -St. Teresa of Avila
Studio of St Philomena
The Studio of Saint Philomena specialises in the restoration and creation of Sacred Art. The Studio statues are well known for their life-like beauty and unsurpassed artistic excellence. Many churches today have statues from The Studio in order to enhance the devotional prayer life of their faithful.
From its very beginning the Catholic Church has used art to instruct men and women about the Faith and to inspire them to draw closer to God by contemplating His mysteries.
The early Church Fathers described the purpose of religious images as anagogic, literally meaning "leading one upward."
Visit Facebook Page
Replenish Healing Centre
The Replenish Respite and Healing Facility is in the North Canterbury countryside, away from all the stress of busy life. Our centre can cater to your needs, whether you're looking for a quiet break, a safe space to recover in, or caring support and prayer.
A hospital for the soul
Our trained and capable volunteers provide loving care for those in need of rest, respite, healing and optional prayer counselling as required. Our intention is to provide a welcoming and homely environment, of peaceful restoration, for those in need of TLC.
Visit Replenish Website
John Paul II Centre for Life
We are a Christchurch-based Catholic organisation dedicated to promoting a culture of life, marriage and family.
"Founded on love and open to the gift of life, the family contains in itself the very future of society; its most special task is to contribute effectively to a future of peace." – John Paul II
"To all the members of the Church, the people of life and for life, I make this most urgent appeal, that together we may offer this world of ours new signs of hope, and work to ensure that justice and solidarity will increase and that a new culture of human life will be affirmed, for the building of an authentic civilization of truth and love." -John Paul II-
Focus on the Family NZ
Focus on the Family NZ is a Christian organisation with a passion for helping families, communities and society to thrive through Christ and His Gospel.
Our purpose is to strengthen, defend and celebrate human dignity, marriage and the institution of the traditional family, and to highlight the unique and irreplaceable role that these play in God's larger story of redemption.
Through our radio broadcasts, websites, simulcasts, conferences, interactive forums, magazines, books, counseling and much more, Focus on the Family equips parents, children and spouses to thrive in an ever-changing, ever-more-complicated world. If you feel there is a specific way we can help your family, or if you'd simply like to know more about us, please browse our website or call us on 0800 200 362
North Canterbury Homeschool Community
There is a large group of Catholic Homeschooling Families based in Waimakariri.
Contact the parish office and we will put you in touch with our local homeschool Catholic families.