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Regional Information Centre for Western EuropeREGIONAL INFORMATION CENTRE - UNRIC
UNRIC Library Backgrounder: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)
What is a coronavirus? Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease COVID-19.
What is COVID-19? COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
Source: World Health Organization (WHO) – Q&A on coronaviruses
UN launches COVID-19 plan that could 'defeat the virus and build a better world' (UN News, 31 March 2020):
https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1060702
UN issues $2 billion appeal to combat COVID-19 (25 March 2020):
https://www.unocha.org/story/un-issues-2-billion-appeal-combat-covid-19
UN chief calls for global ceasefire to focus on 'the true fight of our lives'
(UN News, 23 March 2020):
'Solidarity, hope' and coordinated global response needed to tackle COVID-19 pandemic, says UN chief (UN News, 19 March 2020):
Guterres urges prudence not panic (13 March 2020):
https://youtu.be/ubJaJPRdoMk
Five things you should know now, about the COVID-19 pandemic
(UN News Centre, 16 March 2020):
UN Entities
Health Topics – Coronavirus: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: https://www.who.int/covid-19
World experts and funders set priorities for COVID-19 research (12 February 2020): https://un4.me/2uznEgi
WHO declares the new coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern – Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (30 January 2020): https://un4.me/2S4Zi5F
Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19):
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen
WHO releases guidelines to help countries maintain essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic (30 March 2020): https://un4.me/3dAYGi2
Pass the message: Five steps to kicking out coronavirus: WHO, FIFA launch joint campaign to equip football community to tackle COVID-19 (23 March 2020): https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-03-2020-pass-the-message-five-steps-to-kicking-out-coronavirus
WHO Health Alert brings COVID-19 facts to billions via WhatsApp (20 March 2020): https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-health-alert-brings-covid-19-facts-to-billions-via-whatsapp
WHO, UN Foundation and partners launch first-of-its-kind COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund (13 March 2020): https://un4.me/2ITKqmw
WHO characterizes COVID-19 as a pandemic (11 March 2020): https://un4.me/2wNmAGc
WHO Western Pacific – Outbreaks and emergencies – Novel Coronavirus: https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus
WHO Europe – Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): :
http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19
Food and nutrition during self-quarantine: what to choose and how to eat healthily (27 March 2020): https://un4.me/2w3GRYc
Mental health and COVID-19 – new resources: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/mental-health/data-and-resources/mental-health-and-covid-19
Mental health and psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic (27 March 2020): https://un4.me/3bAazTz
Physical and mental health key to resilience during COVID-19 pandemic: Statement to the press by Dr Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO Regional Director for Europe (26 March 2020): https://un4.me/2UJfWt3
How to stay physically active during COVID-19 self-quarantine (25 March 2020): https://un4.me/2wscU4h
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): European Region focusing on readiness
(14 February 2020): https://un4.me/3a2h28W
Novel coronavirus outbreak in China – What does it mean for Europe? (24 January 2020): https://un4.me/2RGX1P2
Situation reports: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/
Travel advice: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/travel-advice
Advice for public / Infographics: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
Myth busters: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters
Coronavirus Scam Alert – Beware of criminals pretending to be WHO:
https://www.who.int/about/communications/cyber-security
COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund:
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/donate
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus
Impact of COVID-19 on UN Peacekeeping: https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/impact-of-covid-19-un-peacekeeping
Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA)
UN DESA portal launched on response to COVID-19: https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/covid-19.html
Web portal for the statistical community:
https://covid-19-response.unstatshub.org/
COVID-19 Outbreak and Persons with Disabilities: https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/covid-19.html
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: http://www.fao.org/2019-ncov/en/
COVID-19 – Impact on food and agriculture: http://www.fao.org/2019-ncov/q-and-a/en/
Mitigating impacts of COVID-19 on food trade and markets: Joint Statement by QU Dongyu, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus and Roberto Azevedo, Directors-General of FAO, WHO and WTO (31 March 2020): http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1268719/icode/
A battle plan for ensuring global food supplies during the COVID-19 crisis: FAO's Chief Economist maps the ways the world can mitigate shocks to agriculture and food systems (26 March 2020): http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1268059/icode/
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
How is the COVID-19 Virus Detected using Real Time RT-PCR? (27 March 2020): https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/how-is-the-covid-19-virus-detected-using-real-time-rt-pcr
IAEA to Support Countries in the Detection of Novel Coronavirus (9 March 2020): https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-to-support-countries-in-the-detection-of-novel-coronavirus
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
Aviation and COVID-19: https://www.icao.int/Security/COVID-19/Pages/default.aspx
ICAO assisting with humanitarian flight operations during COVID-19 (25 March 2020): https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/Pages/ICAO-assisting-with-humanitarian-flight-operations-during-COVID19.aspx
Collaborative Arrangement for the Prevention and Management of Public Health Events in Civil Aviation – CAPSCA Website COVID-19 area: https://www.capsca.org/CoronaVirusRefs.html
Improved coordination and awareness urged as COVID-19 impacts continue to be felt worldwide (24 March 2020): https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/Pages/Improved-coordination-and-awareness-urged-as-COVID19-impacts-continue-to-be-felt-worldwide.aspx
ICAO, IMO, and UNWTO call for urgent actions to help the aviation and tourism sector withstand COVID-19 impacts (20 March 2020): https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/Pages/ICAO-IMO-and–UNWTO-call-for-urgent-actions-to-help-the-aviation-and-tourism-sector-withstand-COVID19-impacts-.aspx
ICAO-WHO publish joint statement on COVID-19 (6 March 2020): https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/Pages/ICAO-WHO-publish-joint-statement-on-COVID-19.aspx
International Fund for Agricultural Development IFAD
COVID-19 pandemic: https://www.ifad.org/en/covid19
COVID-19 and the world of work: https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/coronavirus/lang–en/index.htm
Treat seafarers with "dignity and respect" during COVID-19 crisis (31 March 2020): https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_740307/lang–en/index.htm
New guidelines to help employers support families during COVID-19 (30 March 2020): https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_740217/lang–en/index.htm
Comment – COVID-19 cruelly highlights inequalities and threatens to deepen them (30 March 2020): https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_740101/lang–en/index.htm
Comment – COVID-19 has exposed the fragility of our economies (27 March 2020): https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_739961/lang–en/index.htm
Keys for effective teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic (26 March 2020): https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_739879/lang–en/index.htm
Op-Ed – COVID-19: Social protection systems failing vulnerable groups (25 March 2020): https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_739678/lang–en/index.htm
Almost 25 million jobs could be lost worldwide as a result of COVID-19, says ILO (18 March 2020): https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_738742/lang–en/index.htm
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Coronavirus (COVID-19) – advice for seafarers and shipping: http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Coronavirus.aspx
The IMF and COVID-19 (Coronavirus): https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19
Europe's COVID-19 Crisis and the Fund's Response (30 March 2020): https://blogs.imf.org/2020/03/30/europes-covid-19-crisis-and-the-funds-response/
IMF Enhances Debt Relief Trust to Enable Support for Eligible Low-Income Countries in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic (27 March 2020): https://un4.me/3arzSas
Policy Steps to Address the Corona Crisis (Policy Paper, 16 March 2020): https://un4.me/2IT5eum
How the IMF can help countries address the economic impact of Coronavirus (Factsheet, 2 March 2020): https://un4.me/2VLFsjq
IMF makes available $50 Billion to help address Coronavirus (4 March 2020): https://un4.me/3dID83k
Statement by the IMFC – The IMF's 189 member countries stand united to address global challenges posed by COVID-19 (4 March 2020): https://un4.me/3dDK7Kx
International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)
The International Narcotics Control Board calls on governments to ensure continued access to controlled medicines for pain relief and palliative care and for mental health and neurological conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic (17 March 2020): https://un4.me/3d39BRv
COVID 19 – INCB continues to ensure functioning of international system for trade in controlled substances to ensure their availability for medical, scientific, and legitimate industrial purposes (12 March 2020): https://un4.me/39333Ps
IOM Responds to Covid-19: https://www.iom.int/iom-responds-covid-19
Mobility Restrictions COVID-19: https://migration.iom.int/
The Rights and Health of Refugees, Migrants and Stateless Must be Protected in COVID-19 Response (31 March 2020): https://www.iom.int/news/rights-and-health-refugees-migrants-and-stateless-must-be-protected-covid-19-response
IOM Informing Migrant Communities in Italy on Protection from COVID-19 (27 March 2020): https://www.iom.int/news/iom-informing-migrant-communities-italy-protection-covid-19
COVID-19 Does Not Discriminate; Nor Should Our Response (20 March 2020): https://www.iom.int/news/covid-19-does-not-discriminate-nor-should-our-response
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
ITU Secretary-General Houlin Zhao's statement on the launch of a global platform to help protect telecommunication networks during the COVID-19 crisis (23 March 2020): https://www.itu.int/en/mediacentre/Pages/STMNT01-2020-global-platform-telecommunication-COVID-19.aspx
Global Network Resiliency Platform (#REG4COVID): https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regulatory-Market/Pages/REG4COVID.aspx
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
OCHA and COVID-19: https://www.unocha.org/covid19
ReliefWeb – COVID-19: https://reliefweb.int/topics/covid-19
UN humanitarian chief: All of humanity must fight back against COVID-19 (30 March 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/un-humanitarian-chief-all-humanity-must-fight-back-against-covid-19
5 ways humanitarians are responding to COVID-19 (27 March 2020): https://unocha.exposure.co/5-ways-humanitarians-are-responding-to-covid19
OCHA and COVID-19 (20 March 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/ocha-and-covid-19
Humanitarian workers reiterate need for support to the most vulnerable during COVID-19 pandemic (20 March 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/humanitarian-workers-reiterate-need-support-most-vulnerable-during-covid-19-pandemic
COVID-19: How to include marginalized and vulnerable people in risk communication and community engagement (IFRC / OCHA / WHO): https://reliefweb.int/report/world/covid-19-how-include-marginalized-and-vulnerable-people-risk-communication-and
UN releases $15 million to help vulnerable countries battle the spread of the coronavirus (1 March 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/un-releases-15-million-help-vulnerable-countries-battle-spread-coronavirus
ReliefWeb – "Epidemics": https://reliefweb.int/updates?advanced-search=%28DT4642%29
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
The rights and health of refugees, migrants and stateless must be protected in COVID-19 response: A joint statement by UNHCR, IOM, OHCHR and WHO (31 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25762
COVID-19: Economic sanctions should be lifted to prevent hunger crises – UN expert (31 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25761
Human rights experts call for immediate release of political prisoners and detainees in yemen given risk of spread of covid-19 (30 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25759
COVID-19 fears should not be exploited to attack and exclude minorities – UN expert (30 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25757
COVID-19: Measures needed to protect people deprived of liberty, UN torture prevention body says (30 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25756
Advice of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture to States Parties and National Preventive Mechanisms relating to the Coronavirus Pandemic (adopted on 25th March 2020) (advance unedited version): https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/OPCAT/AdviceStatePartiesCoronavirusPandemic2020.pdf
States must combat domestic violence in the context of COVID-19 lockdowns – UN rights expert (27 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25749
"Unacceptable" – UN expert urges better protection of older persons facing the highest risk of the COVID-19 pandemic (27 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25748
COVID-19: Health care heroes need protection – UN expert (27 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25754
No exceptions with COVID-19: "Everyone has the right to life-saving interventions" – UN experts say (26 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25746
Urgent action needed to prevent COVID-19 "rampaging through places of detention" – Bachelet (25 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25745
UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies call for human rights approach in fighting COVID-19 (24 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25742
Bachelet calls for easing of sanctions to enable medical systems to fight COVID-19 and limit global contagion (24 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25744
COVID-19 and human rights (23 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/COVID19andHR.aspx
COVID-19 will not be stopped without providing safe water to people living in vulnerability – UN experts (23 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25738
States should take action against COVID-19-related expressions of xenophobia, says UN expert (23 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25739
"An immediate human rights response to counter the COVID-19 and the global recession ahead is an urgent priority," says UN expert (20 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25733
COVID-19 does not discriminate; nor should our response (20 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25730
COVID-19: Governments must promote and protect access to and free flow of information during pandemic – International experts (19 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25729
COVID-19: Israel has 'legal duty' to ensure that Palestinians in OPT receive essential health services – UN expert (19 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25728
"Housing, the front line defence against the COVID-19 outbreak," says UN expert (18 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25727
COVID-19: Who is protecting the people with disabilities? – UN rights expert (17 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25725
COVID-19: States should not abuse emergency measures to suppress human rights – UN experts (16 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25722
Coronavirus: Human rights need to be front and centre in response, says Bachelet (6 March 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25668
In Focus: Gender equality matters in COVID-19 response: https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/in-focus-gender-equality-in-covid-19-response
Take five: "We need to have a common vision and ideology to advocate for the rights of all women and girls with one voice" (30 March 2020): https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/3/take-five-with-getrude-mligo
Greater support needed for working families as COVID-19 takes hold (30 March 2020): https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/3/press-release-support-for-working-families-as-covid-19-takes-hold
Family-friendly policies and other good workplace practices in the context of COVID-19: Key steps employers can take: https://un4.me/3dB85GB
Women and COVID-19: Five things governments can do now (25 March 2020): https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/3/news-women-and-covid-19-governments-actions-by-ded-bhatia
Checklist for COVID-19 response by UN Women Deputy Executive Director Åsa Regnér (20 March 2020): https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/3/news-checklist-for-covid-19-response-by-ded-regner
COVID-19: Women front and centre (20 March 2020): https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/3/statement-ed-phumzile-covid-19-women-front-and-centre
Paying attention to women's needs and leadership will strengthen COVID-19 response (19 March 2020): https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/3/news-womens-needs-and-leadership-in-covid-19-response
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)
Local and regional leaders showcase the value of public services to respond to the COVID-19 crisis (26 March 2020): https://unhabitat.org/local-and-regional-leaders-showcase-the-value-of-public-services-to-respond-to-the-covid-19-crisis
UN-Habitat COVID-19 Key Messages on Informal Settlements: https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020/03/english_final_un-habitat_key_messages-covid19-informal_settlements.pdf
UN-Habitat Covid-19 Key messages: https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020/03/covid19_key_messages_eng_1.pdf
What Water and Sanitation Operators Can do in the Fight Against COVID-19 (22 March 2020): https://unhabitat.org/what-water-and-sanitation-operators-can-do-in-the-fight-against-covid-19
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
COVID-19 and HIV: https://www.unaids.org/en/20200317_covid19_hiv
UNAIDS calls for a human rights approach to the COVID-19 outbreak that puts communities at the centre (20 March 2020): https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2020/march/20200320_human-rights-approach-covid-19
Chains of solidarity and kindness during the COVID-19 outbreak (20 March 2020): https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2020/march/20200320_chains-of-solidarity
Opinion: Successful global epidemic responses put people at the centre (12 March 2020): https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2020/march/20200312_covid-19
United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF)
UNCDF Response to COVID-19: https://www.uncdf.org/article/5452/covid-19
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Coronavirus (COVID-19) : News, Analysis and Resources: https://unctad.org/en/Pages/coronavirus.aspx
UN calls for $2.5 trillion coronavirus crisis package for developing countries (30 March 2020): https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2315
Trade and Development Report Update: The Covid-19 Shock to Developing Countries:Towards a "whatever it takes" programme for the two-thirds of the world's population being left behind: https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/gds_tdr2019_covid2_en.pdf
Coronavirus could cut global investment by 40%, new estimates show (26 March 2020): https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2313
Global Investment Trend Monitor, No. 35 [Special Coronavirus Edition]: https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/diaeiainf2020d3_en.pdf
#Tourism – A life line in free fall (26 March 2020): https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2312
Coronavirus: Can policymakers avert a trillion-dollar crisis? (9 March 2020): https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2300
Coronavirus could shrink global FDI by 5% to 15% (8 March 2020): https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2299
Short-terms effects of the coronavirus outbreak: what does the shipping data say? (4 March 2020): https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2296
Global trade impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic (UNCTAD Technical Note, 4 March 2020): https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditcinf2020d1.pdf
United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Resource Centre (UNDDR)
Disaster expert shares COVID-19 lessons from China (27 March 2020): https://www.undrr.org/news/disaster-expert-shares-covid-19-lessons-china
How South Korea is suppressing COVID-19 (25 March 2020): https://www.undrr.org/news/how-south-korea-suppressing-covid-19
COVID-19 pandemic (12 March 2020): https://www.undp.org/covid-19-pandemic-response.html
COVID-19: Looming crisis in developing countries threatens to devastate economies and ramp up inequality (30 March 2020): https://un4.me/2yhfqL2
UNDP support for coronavirus-affected countries goes beyond health / Asako Okai, Assistant Secretary General & Director, UNDP Crisis Bureau (28 March 2020): https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/blog/2020/undp-support-for-coronavirus-affected-countries-goes-beyond-heal.html
COVID-19: WHO, UNICEF and UNDP Partner with WhatsApp to Get Real Time Health Information to Billions around the World (18 March 2020): https://un4.me/2wqlRLb
Highest level of political commitment needed to fight COVID-19 (10 March 2020): https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/stories/highest-level-of-political-commitment-needed-to-fight-covid-19.html
African finance ministers: urgent need for $100bn immediate emergency financing for COVID-19 (31 March 2020): https://www.uneca.org/stories/african-finance-ministers-urgent-need-100bn-immediate-emergency-financing-covid-19
Three Things the G20 must do to support Africa in COVID-19 Pandemic (26 March 2020): https://www.uneca.org/stories/three-things-g20-must-do-support-africa-covid-19-pandemic
Opinion – Emergency response to Africa by the G20 is our collective insurance (26 March 2020): https://www.uneca.org/stories/emergency-response-africa-g20-our-collective-insurance
African Finance Ministers call for coordinated COVID-19 response to mitigate adverse impact on economies and society (23 March 2020):
https://www.uneca.org/stories/african-finance-ministers-call-coordinated-covid-19-response-mitigate-adverse-impact
ECA estimates billions worth of losses in Africa due to COVID-19 impact (13 March 2020): https://www.uneca.org/stories/eca-estimates-billions-worth-losses-africa-due-covid-19-impact
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)
In response to COVID-19, countries coordinate efforts to guarantee the delivery of medical supplies, including oxygen (27 March 2020): https://un4.me/3bBUwVn
UNECE launches Observatory on Border Crossings Status due to COVID-19 and calls on all countries to facilitate flow of goods to maximum extent possible
(24 March 2020): https://un4.me/33Kyddg
COVID-19 and the nature trade-off paradigm (31 April 2020): https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/covid-19-and-nature-trade-paradigm
Waste management an essential public service in the fight to beat COVID-19 (24 March 2020): https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/waste-management-essential-public-service-fight-beat-covid-19
COVID-19 updates from the United Nations Environment Programme (19 March 2020): https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/covid-19-updates-united-nations-environment-programme
UNESCO's Response to COVID-19: https://en.unesco.org/covid19-response
COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response: https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-emergencies/coronavirus-school-closures
Global Education Coalition for COVID-19 Response — #Learning never stops: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationglobalcoalition
UNESCO to support media in developing countries to face Coronavirus challenge (31 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-support-media-developing-countries-face-coronavirus-challenge
Covid-19 school closures around the world will hit girls hardest (31 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/covid-19-school-closures-around-world-will-hit-girls-hardest
UNESCO mobilizes 122 countries to promote open science and reinforced cooperation in the face of COVID-19 (30 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-mobilizes-122-countries-promote-open-science-and-reinforced-cooperation-face-covid-19
How is the coronavirus affecting learners with disabilities? (30 March 2020): https://gemreportunesco.wordpress.com/2020/03/30/how-is-the-coronavirus-affecting-learners-with-disabilities/
Motivating children during remote learning: Tips for Teachers and Parents (30 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/motivating-children-during-remote-learning-tips-teachers-and-parents
UNESCO stresses importance of safety of journalists amid COVID-19 pandemic (27 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-stresses-importance-safety-journalists-amid-covid-19-pandemic
UNESCO rallies international organizations, civil society and private sector partners in a broad Coalition to ensure #LearningNeverStops (26 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-rallies-international-organizations-civil-society-and-private-sector-partners-broad
1.37 billion students now home as COVID-19 school closures expand, ministers scale up multimedia approaches to ensure learning continuity (24 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/137-billion-students-now-home-covid-19-school-closures-expand-ministers-scale-multimedia
Amidst global school closures UNESCO's Futures of Education initiative receives strong support (20 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/amidst-global-school-closures-unescos-futures-education-initiative-receives-strong-support
Half of world's student population not attending school: UNESCO launches global coalition to accelerate deployment of remote learning solutions (18 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/half-worlds-student-population-not-attending-school-unesco-launches-global-coalition-accelerate
Corona Virus Media Watch launched by UNESCO's International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia (17 March 2020):
https://en.unesco.org/news/corona-virus-media-watch-launched-unescos-international-research-centre-artificial-intelligence
With one in five learners kept out of school, UNESCO mobilizes education ministers to face the COVID-19 crisis (10 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/one-five-learners-kept-out-school-unesco-mobilizes-education-ministers-face-covid-19-crisis
How to plan distance learning solutions during temporary schools closures (6 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/how-plan-distance-learning-solutions-during-temporary-schools-closures
290 million students out of school due to COVID-19: UNESCO releases first global numbers and mobilizes response (4 March 2020): https://en.unesco.org/news/290-million-students-out-school-due-covid-19-unesco-releases-first-global-numbers-and-mobilizes
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UNESCWA)
At least 1.7 million jobs will be lost in the Arab region due to the coronavirus pandemic (18 March 2020): https://www.unescwa.org/news/least-17-million-jobs-will-be-lost-arab-region-due-coronavirus-pandemic
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
COVID-19 pandemic: https://www.unfpa.org/covid19
UNFPA Appeal: Coronavirus Emergency – Protect Pregnant Women, New Mothers and Newborns: https://donate.unfpa.org/us-en/covid-19-3
Women, girls, health workers must not be overlooked in global COVID-19 response (26 March 2020): https://www.unfpa.org/press/women-girls-health-workers-must-not-be-overlooked-global-covid-19-response
As pandemic rages, women and girls face intensified risks (19 March 2020): https://www.unfpa.org/news/pandemic-rages-women-and-girls-face-intensified-risks
Safe Delivery – Even Now UNFPA Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Global Response Appeal (19 March 2020): https://www.unfpa.org/updates/safe-delivery-even-now-unfpa-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-global-response-appeal
As COVID-19 continues to spread, pregnant and breastfeeding women advised to take precautions (5 March 2020): https://www.unfpa.org/news/covid-19-continues-spread-pregnant-and-breastfeeding-women-advised-take-precautions
UNFPA statement on novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and pregnancy (5 March 2020): https://www.unfpa.org/press/unfpa-statement-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-and-pregnancy
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Urgent Appeal for Coronavirus (COVID-19): https://donate.unhcr.org/int/coronavirus-emergency/~my-donation
UNHCR: Staying and delivering for refugees amid COVID-19 crisis (31 March 2020): https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/3/5e8202a64/unhcr-staying-delivering-refugees-amid-covid-19-crisis.html
Q&A: Access to health services is key to halting COVID-19 and saving refugee live (27 March 2020): https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/3/5e7dab2c4/
Live blog: Refugees in the COVID-19 crisis (25 March 2020): https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2020/3/5e79e2410/
UNHCR seeks US$255 million to respond to COVID-19 outbreak (25 March 2020): https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2020/3/5e7b57e90/
Statement by Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, on the COVID-19 crisis (19 March 2020): https://un4.me/396rU59
The coronavirus outbreak is a test of our systems, values and humanity / By Michelle Bachelet and Filippo Grandi (12 March 2020): https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/3/5e69eea54/
UN Refugee Agency steps up COVID-19 preparedness, prevention and response measures (10 March 2020): https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/3/5e677f634/
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – What you need to know about the virus to protect you and your family: https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/covid-19
Fact or fiction: How much do you know about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)? https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/fact-or-fiction-how-much-do-you-actually-know-about-coronavirus-covid-19
Greater support needed for working families as COVID-19 takes hold – UNICEF and ILO (30 March 2020): https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/greater-support-needed-working-families-covid-19-takes-hold-unicef-and-ilo
Despite challenges, UNICEF continues to ship vital supplies to affected countries amid soaring number of COVID-19 cases (27 March 2020): https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/despite-challenges-unicef-continues-ship-vital-supplies-affected-countries-amid
COVID-19: Children at heightened risk of abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence amidst intensifying containment measures (20 March 2020): https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/covid-19-children-heightened-risk-abuse-neglect-exploitation-and-violence-amidst
How teachers can talk to children about coronavirus disease (COVID-19) – Tips for having age appropriate discussions to reassure and protect children (13 March 2020): https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/how-teachers-can-talk-children-about-coronavirus-disease-covid-19
UNICEF statement on COVID-19 outbreak (11 March 2020): https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-statement-covid-19-outbreak
How to talk to your child about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): 8 tips to help comfort and protect children (11 March 2020): https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/how-talk-your-child-about-coronavirus-covid-19
Key messages and actions for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and control in schools: Guidance from UNICEF, the World Health Organization and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: https://www.unicef.org/reports/key-messages-actions-coronavirus-disease-prevention-control-schools
Novel coronavirus outbreak – What parents should know: https://www.unicef.org/stories/novel-coronavirus-outbreak-what-parents-should-know
UNICEF ships 6 metric tons of supplies to support China's response to Novel Coronavirus outbreak (29 January 2020): https://un4.me/2HOXid3
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
Information about the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/covid-19.html
United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)
UNOPS pledges its support to help tackle the Coronavirus crisis (24 March 2020): https://www.unops.org/news-and-stories/news/unops-pledges-its-support-to-help-tackle-the-coronavirus-crisis
UNRWA responds to COVID-19: https://www.unrwa.org/covid_19
United Nations Volunteers (UNV)
Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic response: https://www.unv.org/UNV-Novel-Coronavirus-COVID-19-pandemic-response
Information for serving UN Volunteers and candidates: https://www.unv.org/COVID-19
UNV call for health professionals interested to help combat COVID-19 as UN Volunteers – Apply for COVID-19-related assignments: https://www.unv.org/special-calls
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
When a global pandemic has your address, but your government doesn't know where you are (30 March 2020): http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/when-a-global-pandemic-has-your-address-but-your-government-doesnt-know-where-you-are/
Joint statement: UPU and UNI Global Union on postal operations during the COVID-19 pandemic (27 March 2020): http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/joint-statement-upu-and-uni-global-union-on-postal-operations-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/
Address information and mapping vital in COVID-19 fight (25 March 2020): http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/address-information-and-mapping-vital-in-covid-19-fight/
The Post & COVID-19: Your safety first! (23 March 2020): http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/the-post-covid-19-your-safety-first/
Keeping the mail flowing: How the world's postal operators are confronting COVID-19 (20 March 2020): http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/keeping-the-mail-flowing-how-the-worlds-postal-operators-are-confronting-covid-19/
Tourism and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): https://www.unwto.org/tourism-covid-19-coronavirus
International Tourism Arrivals Could Fall by 20-30% in 2020 (26 March 2020): https://www.unwto.org/news/international-tourism-arrivals-could-fall-in-2020
UN Tourism News – Coronavirus Special Edition – 23 March 2020: https://www.unwto.org/sites/default/files/news/un-tourism-news-10.html
The chain that COVID-19 cannot break: How the World Food Programme will continue its work saving and changing millions of lives despite the virus (31 March 2020): https://insight.wfp.org/how-the-largest-humanitarian-logistics-agency-in-the-world-is-responding-to-covid19-84bdbde6f0e5?gi=6769ccafac55
COVID-19: 'Children in the front line' (27 March 2020): https://insight.wfp.org/covid-19-children-in-the-front-line-729ab4a9c511
New digital map shows terrible impact of COVID-19 on school meals around the world (27 March 2020): https://www.wfp.org/news/new-digital-map-shows-terrible-impact-covid-19-school-meals-around-world
Food for thought: 7 tips on keeping a healthy diet in the face of Coronavirus (23 March 2020): https://insight.wfp.org/food-for-thought-7-tips-on-keeping-a-healthy-diet-in-the-face-of-coronavirus-7fab7f06177
World Food Programme gears up to support children left without meals due to COVID-19 school closures (23 March 2020): https://www.wfp.org/news/world-food-programme-gears-support-children-left-without-meals-due-covid-19-school-closures
Coronavirus: WFP ready to rise to the challenge: UN agency puts expertise and infrastructure at the service of pandemic response (18 March 2020): https://insight.wfp.org/coronavirus-wfp-ready-to-rise-to-the-challenge-8178a4d0aeac
How to minimize the impact of Coronavirus on food security (Analysis, 16 March 2020): https://insight.wfp.org/how-to-minimize-the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-food-security-be2fa7885d7e
WFP provides lifesaving medical equipment supporting China's response to COVID-19 (15 March 2020): https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-provides-lifesaving-medical-equipment-supporting-chinas-response-covid-19
COVID-19 and world trade: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/covid19_e.htm
The World Bank Group and COVID-19 (coronavirus): https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/news/coronavirus-covid19
East Asia and Pacific: Countries Must Act Now to Mitigate Economic Shock of COVID-19 (30 March 2020): https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/03/30/east-asia-and-pacific-countries-must-act-now-to-mitigate-economic-shock-of-covid-19
World Bank Group Increases COVID-19 Response to $14 Billion To Help Sustain Economies, Protect Jobs (17 March 2020): https://un4.me/394eKoW
World Bank Group Announces Up to $12 Billion Immediate Support for COVID-19 Country Response (3 March 2020) : https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/03/03/world-bank-group-announces-up-to-12-billion-immediate-support-for-covid-19-country-response
Ask DAG: How is the United Nations responding to the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China? http://ask.un.org/faq/281723
Coronavirus global health emergency: Coverage from UN News
https://news.un.org/en/events/un-news-coverage-coronavirus-outbreak
This page brings together information and guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations regarding the current outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that was first reported in Wuhan, China, on 31 December 2019. Please visit this page for daily updates. WHO is working closely with global experts, governments and partners to rapidly expand scientific knowledge on this new virus, to track the spread and virulence of the virus, and to provide advice to countries and individuals on measures to protect health and prevent the spread of this outbreak.
United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
"International Law and Infectious Disease Control", lecture by Professor Gian Luca Burci, Former Legal Counsel of the WHO: https://legal.un.org/avl/ls/Burci_HS.html
not an official document – for information only
https://staging.unric.org/en/unric-library-backgrounder-novel-coronavirus/
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People in their late teens and early twenties who are out of work, education or training are getting the chance to use the power of performance to boost their skills and self-esteem.
Norwich Theatre Royal is joining forces with The Prince's Trust to set up a free week-long training course this winter which will give them the opportunity to learn new skills in a challenging and new environment.
It will also have a strong practical base as everyone on the course will work together to create their own piece of theatre which will be performed at the end of the course, held within the new Stage Two learning and participation centre behind the venue.
Wendy Ellis, Norwich Theatre Royal's learning and participation manager, said: "They will enjoy a fun work. As well as getting an insight into stage skills and how to create a performance, it will also improve their teamwork and communication skills, and boost their confidence.
To assist the participants, the course is also free, with lunch and transport provided.
The partnership with the Prince's Trust is part of a nationwide programme which sees the organisation work with a number of bodies with links to industry and the commercial world. Previous partners on similar courses have included the likes of the Premier League, Asos and Sony.


The Seven Sisters is a picturesque coastline of white chalk cliffs overlooking the seaside. These cliffs are known for being in a variety of TV productions and films including Robin Hood!
Not only are they a beautiful landmark, but they are also covered in vegetation can enjoy beautiful coastal walks through the cliff tops and enjoy the breathtaking views of the English Channel.
Whether you are visiting Brighton on a sunny summer's day to enjoy the blue sky and calm waters or during the winter weather the cliff tops provide an enjoyable walk and have a couple of quaint tea rooms.


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DIRECTIONS From Sydney: Travel north along the F3 Freeway from Sydney. Turn left at the Swansea exit and left again at the Cams Wharf exit (approx. 25kms). From Newcastle: Follow the Pacific Highway south via Swansea to the Cams Wharf turn off. At the bottom of Cams Wharf Road you will see Raffertys Road on the Right. At the end of this road you will see the sign for Raffertys Resort. Turn left into the Resort and follow the road until you see the first road to your right (Kingfisher Cr) continue straight on this road until you see #101 on the Right hand side. You can park in the garage, the driveway and additional parking is available just to the left of your unit.
Close to tennis courts, heated pool and BBQ area, this roomy 3 bedroom Villa and provides fully equipped living for the larger family.
1 x QS bed 4 x SS beds Garnet Deluxe Villa is situated in a quiet off road environment, overlooking the tennis courts and is just a short walk to the undercover climate controlled pool, At a glance * Accommodates up to 6 guests * Bedroom 1 - Queen bed with doona * Bedroom 2 - 2 Single beds * Bedroom 3 - 2 Single beds or an additional lounge room area * 2nd TV & DVD player in the first floor Loft * Ducted air-conditioning * Lounge/dining room with polished timber hardwood floors * Flat screen Television with Foxtel * CD player * Fully equipped laundry and kitchen with Stainless Steel fittings, dishwasher & ceramic cook-top * 2 bathrooms * Verandah and private courtyard * A minutes walk to the heated swimming pool, spa & BBQ area. * Overlooks tennis courts with filtered lake views. Fully air conditioned, the 2 storey Villa has polished hardwood floors throughout the living and dining areas and pamper you with easy living furniture & furnishings with TV, CD players and Foxtel. The kitchen is fully equipped, including a dishwasher, microwave oven, electric frypan, range hood and stainless steel pots, pans and cutlery. The Master bedroom has a Queen size bed, the 2nd bedroom, 2 Single beds and the upstairs loft provides another 2 Single beds, accommodating up to 6 guests with ease. There are 2 bathrooms. The Villa also has its own laundry facilities with automatic washing machine, clothes dryer, ironing board and iron.
Lakeshores have now expanded their range of holiday homes and cottages to include the historic township of Catherine Hill Bay.
60 minutes north of Hornsby, south of Swansea and Caves Beach, Catherine Hill Bay is a coal mining village, dating from the late 1800's, nestled into the hills overlooking the Pacific Ocean and just a stones throw from Lake Macquarie. This is the perfect place to escape from the cut and thrust of city life, to simply relax and unwind.
Whether you enjoy bushwalking, surfing, swimming, beach / lake / rock fishing, strolling along a deserted beach or just getting stuck into a good book, this is the place for you.
The only commercial establishment in Catherine Hill Bay village is the original, weatherboard pub, affectionately known as "The Catho". On Friday and Saturday evenings and Sunday afternoon it hosts a variety of bands to entertain you while you enjoy some pub grub or just an ice cold drink.
The Beach is famous for its surf and is patrolled during the Summer months by the dedicated local Life Saving Club.
You will find a late closing Supermarket at Swansea which is 10 minutes drive away, as well as Banks, small shops, video hire, Clubs, Restaurants and Take-Aways.
The person making the booking MUST be at least eighteen years of age.
DEPOSIT: Until either a deposit or full payment is received confirmed and receipted by Lakeshores Management a booking is tentative only and Lakeshores Management may cancel it at any time.
GUEST REGISTRATION AND SECURITY BOND: Prior to arrival and to ensure that the property is treated fairly a Guest Registration form is required to be completed for all bookings and must be completed online and electronically signed agreeing with our Conditions of Tenancy.
This registration requires your credit card details. Damages breakages and excess cleaning charges etc. will be charged to this Credit Card if required. If Credit Card details cannot be supplied a cash security deposit is payable with the minimum payment being $500.00 This will be refunded within 14 days after departure subject to inspection to ensure that the property has been left in a tidy state no damages or loss of property are found and that our Booking & Tenancy Terms and Conditions have not been breached.
The pin code required to access the property will not be provided unless this registration has been read and signed.


20 miles from Oswego, NY.
Pot-ash, salt, 16 tons salt ballast.
Hit by lightning during squall. Vessel sank in 15 minutes.
1815 Enrolled Sacketts Harbor, NY as new vessel.
1818-1821 6 enrollments Sacketts Harbor, NY.
1823, Oct 14 Sank near Oswego, NY.


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When you read this the weather will have cooled off a bit and the crisp fall air should be in place. Hopefully this will put you in the mood for Grange work. There is a lot to be done and what better way to get started than to attend all or part of our State Grange Session. Here we can reap the rewards of our last years' work and get information on what's ahead.
Saturday evening is when the Lecturers Awards will be given out. Come and enjoy the banquet and sit back and enjoy the music of the Bristol Old Tyme Fiddlers.
This is also a great time to visit with old friends and make new ones. You can exchange ideas and bring them back to your own Grange.
We all have a lot of work to do to keep our Granges strong and healthy. Let's use the invigorating fresh air of autumn to create new programs that will bring out our current members and to attract new ones.


text:
The Ecumenical Heresy of Our Times
Written by Michael Davies, RIP
(Complete Article)
The only true Catholic attitude to ecumenism is that set out by Pope Pius XI in his encyclicalMortalium Animos: "Let these separated children return to the Apostolic See established in this city which the Princes of the Apostles, Peter and Paul, consecrated with their blood, to this See, 'the root and matrix of the Catholic Church,' not indeed with the idea or hope that the Church of the living God, the pillar and ground of truth will abandon the integrity of the Faith and bear their errors, but to subject themselves to its teaching authority and rule."
Address by Michael Davies The Remnant Forum
Tarrytown, N.Y., Nov. 1979
We hear a great deal about the ecumenical movement. Today I am going to speak to you about the ecumenical heresy. The theme of this forum is "Fidelity to the Catholic Tradition". Catholic tradition has been challenged in many ways since the Second Vatican Council but no challenge has been more blatant, more widespread, and more dangerous than that of those who wish the Church to deny Her very nature in the interests of spurious ecumenism.
Before examining false ecumenism, the ecumenical heresy, we must be clear about true Catholic ecumenism. Dietrich von Hildebrand tells us in The Devastated Vineyard that: "The attitude which goes with true ecumenism involves sympathetically emphasizing the elements of truth in other religions while clearly rejecting the errors they contain." "While clearly rejecting the errors they contain" – I would like you to keep this phrase in mind. It is fundamental to the thesis I shall put before you and I shall be returning to it again.
And what is the aim of ecumenical dialogue pursued in the spirit proposed by von Hildebrand? The only acceptable aim for a Catholic ecumenist is that proposed by Pope Pius XI in Mortalium Animos, that is to bring our separated brethren to realize that: "The unity of Christians cannot be otherwise obtained than by securing the return of the separated to the one true Church of Christ, from which they unhappily withdrew. To the one true Church of Christ, we say, that stands forth before all and that, by the will of its Founder, will remain forever the same as when He Himself established it for the salvation of all mankind."
The late Cardinal Heenan warned: "It is dishonest to dissemble…The ultimate aim of ecumenism is the reunion of all Christians under the Vicar of Christ."
Having established the nature and purpose of true Catholic ecumenism we shall proceed at once to examine the ecumenical heresy not in theory but in practice. On Friday, 14th of September this year, a letter from Father Henry Haacke appeared in the Catholic Telegraph. I am surprised that the Catholic Telegraph printed his letter. You will be surprised when I read it to you. Here it is:
I was startled at the news that the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Hartford, Conn., has been loaned to the Protestant Episcopal Church for the "consecration of a bishop. In an effort – no doubt well intentioned – to be understanding to non-Catholics, has not the Archbishop of Harford gone much too far? Why not invite the Chinese "bishop" recently elected by the people – and rebuked by the Vatican…or even Archbishop Lefebvre to the broadminded Cathedral in Hartford? Subjective good faith does not ensure the validity of the Sacrament of Orders or the Eucharist. Should a Catholic cathedral be exposed to the possible "simulation" of these most sacred rites of our Holy Faith…? This can only further confuse and scandalize laity and clergy. Thomas More and John Fisher, have you died in vain?
My first reaction to this letter is to say "God bless you, Father Haacke." I have never met Father Haacke, I have never corresponded with Father Haacke, I had never even heard of Father Haacke until a reader of The Remnant sent me a zerox of his letter, and what his letter reveals is that, despite the devastation in the vineyard of the Lord which has followed the Second Vatican Council, Father Haacke has retained the sense of what it means to be a Catholic, he is a priest who has retained the ability to think with the Church, sentire cum Ecclesia", he has a sound grasp of theology and a profound love of the Church. He also has courage.
I don't know if Father Haacke ever entertained any hope of advancement in the Church, I don't know if he hoped that one day he might be Monsignor Haacke and need to purchase a cassock with red button-holes. If he has put any money aside for this purpose he need not hesitate about withdrawing it and investing it in a copious supply of Jim Beam, Southern Comfort, or a fishing holiday – because there is certainly no hope whatsoever of any advancement in the Conciliar Church, the American Church, the Ecumenical Church for a priest who is still imbued with the Catholic ethos. Father Haacke has committed the sin against ecumenism for which there is no forgiveness – he has spoken the truth. He is a true disciple of Our Lord Jesus Christ who came into the world to bear witness to the truth.
The first reaction of an ecumenical heretic to Father Haacke's letter would be to say that it is uncharitable. The correct reaction to his letter is to ask whether what it states is true. If it is true it cannot be uncharitable. There can be no conflict between 'veritas', truth, and 'caritas', charity.
If Father Haacke's criticisms are justified then it is Archbishop Whealon of Hartford, Conn, who is being uncharitable – for what is contrary to Christian truth is clearly contrary to Christian charity. If an act is contrary to Christian truth and charity it is an anti-Christian act. I submit to you that Archbishop Whealon has committed an anti-Christian act by allowing his cathedral to be used for the so-called bishop – to be used, as Father Haacke expressed it, for the "simulation" of the most sacred rites of our Holy Faith. Archbishop Whealon is acting contrary to the will of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
When He offered Himself as a perfect sacrifice upon the Cross, Our Lord atoned for the sins of all men and won sufficient grace to save all men – which does not mean that all men will be saved as we have an obligation to co-operate with divine grace in order to achieve our salvation. Our Lord willed, I repeat, Our Lord willed that His Church should be the ordinary means by which divine grace is mediated to men. The Catholic Church is His Mystical Body, an extension of the Incarnation throughout the nations and throughout the centuries. Our Lord willed that divine grace should ordinarily be mediated to men through His Church by means of the seven Sacraments which He instituted. God is not bound by His sacraments. Where necessary he will bestow grace directly upon individual men – but this is an extraordinary means of salvation. The ordinary means of salvation is His Mystical Body, which alone has a mandate to preach the Gospel, offer public worship, and administer the sacraments. The power He bestowed upon His Church is indeed awe-inspiring, terrifying.
"He who hears you hears me, and he who rejects me rejects Him who sent me."
Our Lord could scarcely have been more specific – to reject the authority of the Church which He founded is to reject Father, Son and Holy Ghost. This is not a personal opinion which I am expressing. I am quoting the words of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.
Our Lord, then, founded one Church and one Church only which was to be the ordinary means of salvation for mankind and outside which there is no salvation. Writing in 1968, Bishop B.C. Butler, now an ardent ecumenist, still had sufficient sense of being a Catholic to write: "Ours is the one true Church; the only body in the world which has a mandate to preach the Gospel. Outside this Church there is no salvation. According to the divine intention there are, outside the full, visible Catholic Communion, only individual human beings (I exclude from consideration those who are not yet morally adult), for each of whom entry into the guaranteed sphere of salvation is by the unique door of personal adhesion to the one Catholic Communion. Moreover, the only authorized form of public worship is that of the Catholic Church, performed under her own making; they are an expression of immutable divine law. She cannot compromise."
Those who accept what I have said so far, that the Catholic Church is indeed the one true Church founded by Our Lord, have certain duties incumbent upon them. They have the duty of making a response which von Hildebrand describes as "purely positive and morally called for". He explains: "One cannot find the truth and grasp it clearly as such, without seeing through errors. Knowledge of truth is inseparably linked with the knowledge of error, with the unmasking of error." In other words, possession of the truth is a privilege, it is a sacred trust which involves duties and these duties are not fulfilled simply by refraining from a formal denial of the truth, these duties demand that we do not behave in practice as if truth does not exist, as if there is no distinction between truth and error. This duty is demanded not simply by truth but by charity. Archbishop Lefebvre has pointed out frequently that those imbued with true charity towards our separated brethren will be concerned to bring them from the error of heresy to the truth of Catholicism.
Let us now examine the Episcopalian Church in the light of what I have established. The first point to make is that it is not a Church at all, there is only one Church and, as Bishop Butler stated with admirable clarity, outside the Church there are only individual human beings. The so-called Episcopalian Church is, therefore, no more than a sect, a group of individuals who have set themselves up in opposition to the Church of Christ, to the will of Christ.
They have taken it upon themselves to preach their own Gospel in opposition to the Gospel of Christ and to offer public worship in opposition to the Church of Christ. Unlike the Orthodox Churches, Episcopalians do not have valid orders. They have no priesthood, no bishops, and no valid Eucharist – valid, that is, in the sense understood by the Catholic Church. All this is explained at great length in my book The Order of Melchiesdech and I will not go over the ground again here. The Bull Apostolicae Curae is as applicable today as it has been since Pope Leo XIII promulgated it in 1896: "Wherefore, strictly adhering, in this matter, to the decrees of the Pontiffs, Our predecessors, and confirming them most fully, and, as it were, renewing them by Our authority, of Our own initiative and certain knowledge, We pronounce and declare that ordinations carried out according to the Anglican Rite have been, and are, absolutely null and utterly void."
In the light of all this, what should our reaction be to Archbishop Whealon's decision to loan his Cathedral to the Episcopalians? I submit that unless it is a reaction of horror, scandal, and outrage – then we are in danger of losing the sense of what being a Catholic means. Von Hildebrand has warned us that such is the devastation in the vineyard of the Lord that we are losing our capacity to be scandalized.
We have to realize that our time is like the time of Arianism, and so we have to be extremely careful lest we be poisoned ourselves without noticing it. We must not underestimate the power of those ideas which fill the intellectual atmosphere of the time, nor the danger of being infected by them when we are daily breathing this atmosphere. Nor should we underestimate the danger of getting used to the evils of the times, and then becoming insensitive to them.
Unless we have become insensitive to the truth, we can criticize Father Haacke on only one count: he has put the case against Archbishop Whealon far too mildly. What the Archbishop's conduct amounts to in practice is a denial of the true nature of the Catholic Church. I asked you to keep in mind a definition of true ecumenism made by von Hildebrand which involved emphasizing the elements of truth possessed by the other religions while clearly rejecting the errors they contain.
Archbishop Whealon is not simply failing to reject the errors of Episcopalianism, he is not simply remaining silent concerning them, he is, in practice, endorsing them. The ceremony for which he has loaned his Cathedral amounts in practice to a public denial that Our Lord Jesus Christ has founded one true Church to which alone He has given a mandate to teach, to sanctify, and to offer public worship. Archbishop Whealon is not to be commended for an act of charity – he is to be condemned for a denial of Christian truth. His action is an anti-Christian action. It constitutes his public acceptance of the existence of some amorphous entity called the Christian Church of which Catholicism and Episcopalianism both constitute branches.
Episcopalians cannot possibly be blamed for taking this act as acceptance that they constitute a Church, or at least constitute part of the Catholic Church. It would be an outrage to lend them a Catholic Church for any form of service – but to lend it to them for what Father Haacke correctly describes as the simulation of the most sacred rites of our Church is an act of sacrilege. The man who was to be consecrated is not even a priest, he is a layman, and after the ceremonies he will have remained a layman. Nothing will have happened. But, no doubt, Archbishop Whealon will have been among the first to come forward with an effusive ecumenical smile, to offer him a prolonged ecumenical handshake, and to congratulate him upon being made a bishop.
Note well, I am not condemning the Episcopalians concerned. Charity demands that, without evidence to the contrary, we must presume that they are acting in good faith and are saved from sin by invincible ignorance. But no such excuse can be used to defend Archbishop Whealon who, presumably, was taught the true faith in the days before Vatican II and, as a bishop, has a duty to die for the faith if necessary.
It is fashionable today to praise the Church of the first four centuries, to extol primitive practice. How would the Church of the first four centuries have regarded Archbishop Whealon? Anyone who is remotely acquainted with Church history can give one answer and one answer only. Archbishop Whealon would have been regarded as an apostate, he would have been anathematized, and every true Catholic bishop would have broken off Communion with him. I believe that the Church of the first four centuries was right. I believe that Archbishop Whealon is an apostate. It seems a harsh thing to say. It may make me appear harsh and intolerant – but nonetheless it is the truth.
Cardinal Newman has a magnificent sermon upon this very point, Tolerance of Religious Error. I will not begin quoting it as once. If I began I would find it hard to stop and, in any case, it is included in the collection of his sermons which I edited under the title Newman Against the Liberals. Suffice to say that the great cardinal castigates those whose concern is not to uphold truth but to avoid the appearance of being intolerant. But once again I must repeat, those who possess the truth, those who love the truth cannot tolerate error.
In another fine sermon included in the same collection, Many Called Few Chosen, Cardinal Newman warns that: "Those who serve God faithfully must ever look to be accounted in their generation singular, intemperate, and extreme." In his Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, he characterized the Church of the first four centuries by its intolerance towards error, its exclusiveness, its ceaseless war with all other bodies called Christian, its naming them as heretics, warning them of coming woe, and calling them to forsake their errors and enter the one fold of Jesus Christ.
I submit to you that Archbishop Whealon has committed an anti-Christian act by allowing his Roman Catholic Cathedral in Hartford, Conn., to be used by the Protestant Episcopal Church for the "consecration of a bishop." Archbishop Whealon is acting contrary to the will of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
Furthermore, I submit that Archbishop Whealon's conduct would have been considered incompatible with Catholicism not only by the Church of the first four centuries – it would have resulted in his immediate excommunication by every Roman Pontiff up to and including Pope John XXIII. I accept that what I am saying will make me appear singular, intemperate, and extreme in the ecumenical climate of the Conciliar Church – but the view point I am putting forward would have been accepted by 99% of Catholics up to Vatican II. Read the encyclical Mortalium Animos of Pope Pius XI; read the relevant encyclicals of Pope Pius XII. If Archbishop Whealon is right then the Church has been wrong for 2000 years. If it is eccentric, intemperate, or extreme to be united to the Church of 2000 years then I am happy to accept these epithets.
I am sure that no one here today imagines that Archbishop Whealon represents an isolated act of infidelity to the teaching of Our Lord. He is simply reflecting the prevailing climate of the ecumenical heresy. In England we have shared churches – can you believe it? We have shared churches and shared tabernacles and public campaigns of joint-evangelization endorsed by our bishops.
Can you imagine the reaction of St. Athanasius or any other Father of the Church to a proposal to share churches or engage in campaigns of joint evangelization with the Arians or any other heretical or schismatic sect? To ask this question is to answer it. Bishop Walter F. Sullivan of the Catholic diocese of Richmond, Virginia has established at least one joint parish. Can you believe that? It is called the Anglican-Roman Catholic Church of Tidewater. A Catholic priest and an Episcopalian minister are acting as joint pastors. This is not simply an outrage, it is lunacy. There is no Anglican-Roman Catholic Church. I repeat again, there is only one Church—the one, holy, Roman, Catholic and Apostolic Church founded by Our Lord Jesus Christ and I submit that not only is the Anglican-Roman Catholic Church of Tidewater not a part of that Church but that Bishop Sullivan of Richmond can no longer be considered a member of it.
And what of the campaigns of joint evangelization I have mentioned as taking place in England? Evangelization means preaching the Gospel. Well, what Gospel is being preached in these campaigns? It is certainly not the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Our Lord did not command his Apostles to co-operate with heretics in preaching an amorphous lowest-common-denominator message of philanthropy and good will to all, and to let those evangelized in this way make up their own minds whether to join His Church or one of the heretical sects with which it was cooperating. The idea is outrageous, it is lunacy, it is diabolic.
And worst of all, the Vatican now sanctions inter-communion on certain occasions. Admittedly strict conditions are imposed in theory but in practice bishops have been given the discretion to ignore these conditions with impunity. The get out clause, published in a letter from Cardinal Willebrands' Unity Secretariat in 1973 states: "Nevertheless, the bishops can in the various situations decide what are the needs that make exceptions applicable, that is to say what constitutes a special case…" This gives the Bishops carte blanche to allow Protestants to receive the Catholic Sacrament on any occasion. Thus Fr. John Dietzen, in his question and answer column in The Catholic Telegraph on October 6, 1978, included the following in his reply to a questioner who was perturbed at the fact that Methodists had received Holy Communion at a wedding celebrated in the Catholic Church:
"We must note…that the bishop of a diocese (or a national conference of bishops) may allow Communion by non-Catholics in certain other 'urgent necessities'. I know of instances in which bishops have, for example, allowed non-Catholic parents to receive Communion at the marriage of their Catholic son or daughter; non-Catholic spouses to receive at the funeral of their Catholic husbands or wives, non-Catholic graduates to receive with their classmates at a baccalaureate Mass, and so on. In all such cases, however, only the bishop has the right and responsibility to judge whether inter-communion should take place. Of course, the conditions concerning faith in the sacraments and proper disposition must always be present. You ask about Methodist parents receiving Communion at the marriage Mass of their son. From what I've already said, you can see that if the proper conditions were fulfilled, and if the permission of the bishop was obtained, neither the priest nor the couple did anything wrong."
Thus speaks the Conciliar Church.
Great scandal was caused in 1967 when Pope Paul VI authorized Barbara Olson, an American Presbyterian, to receive Holy Communion at her marriage to a Catholic. A lengthy correspondence followed in the London Tablet, with a very fine English theologian, Fr. Edward Carey, firmly maintaining that such an act could not be justified under any circumstances whatsoever, as it was contrary to the nature of the Eucharist.
Despite the fact that the Vatican has since legalized the practice, Fr. Carey still maintains his original position – and he is right. Catholics rightly show great devotion to the Eucharist as the Body and Blood of Our Lord, but have paid less attention to the ultimate signification of the act of Holy Communion – and this signification is the unity of the Mystical Body.
St. Augustine pointed out that we become what we receive; therefore it can never be legitimate to give Holy Communion to anyone outside the unity of the Mystical Body. This is, as Fr. Carey has maintained so courageously, contrary to the nature of the Eucharist. Remember, every non-Catholic has the option of receiving the Catholic Sacrament by becoming a Catholic. There is no injustice in refusing the Catholic Sacrament to those who refuse to enter into the unity of the Mystical Body.
There is no doubt whatsoever that Vatican authorization for inter-communion is the greatest scandal of the Conciliar Church – and that is really saying something! It is now widespread. The Sydney Morning Herald on May 3, 1979, gave a whole catalogue of examples in a report of a tour of the South Pacific by Dr. Coggan, the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury. It cites an occasion when, in the presence of a Catholic Bishop, he gave Holy Communion to a combined congregation of Catholics and Anglicans and also names areas in which, where the clergy of both communions are not regularly present, Catholic priests administer Communion to Anglicans and vice-versa. The French bishops have issued an open invitation to Anglicans visiting France to receive Communion in Catholic Churches. I have had this confirmed by an official Anglican source.
Rather than list numerous cases of inter-communion, I will refer to just one more, one that should certainly shock anyone still capable of being shocked. The Rev. Lord George McLeod is a dignitary of the Church of Scotland, a Presbyterian body. A letter from him was published in Faith magazine in November 1976. It includes the following:
"On the Friday in the Cathedral we gathered together for Holy Communion. A Protestant from Northern Ireland read from St. John's Gospel: Tom Smail, a Presbyterian, preached a mighty word. The Cardinal broke the bread and wine. In that service there was prophecy, tongues and interpretation, open and free prayer, singing in and with the Spirit, and we concluded by singing and dancing up and down the aisles – professors, priests, pastors and the Cardinal, hands united and hearts united…"
The Cardinal was Cardinal Suenens.
There is much talk of the need for traditionalists to maintain a moderate approach. Who can be moderate in the face of such an outrage? The great danger at present is not that traditionalists will become immoderate, but they will succumb to the temptation against which I have already cited von Hildebrand's warning – that we can become so used to the evils of the day that we grow insensitive.
I have always maintained that the entry of Pentecostalism into the Catholic Church is the work of the devil. Can we describe the antics of Cardinal Suenens as anything but diabolic? And yet he is a prelate in good standing with the Vatican. This is a very serious matter; it is one about which we must think carefully and deeply.
The situation in the Conciliar Church is as follows: Cardinal Suenens is free to desecrate his beautiful old cathedral in the manner I have just described and to remain in good standing with the Vatican. But under no circumstances whatsoever would permission be given for the very Mass for which that ancient Cathedral was built to be celebrated in it. And for the crime of continuing to celebrate that Mass, Archbishop Lefebvre is the victim of sanctions and is not in good standing with the Vatican. I put it to you that this is also an outrage. Make no mistake about it, as I have shown clearly in my book, Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre, this great prelate has been treated in the way he has been treated for remaining faithful to the Mass of his ordination and for no other reason. All the other excuses given for the campaign against him are simply a pretence.
"Why not invite Archbishop Lefebvre to the broadminded Cathedral in Hartford:" asked Fr. Haacke in the letter with which I began this talk. That, as the Beatles would have put it, will be the day! Consecrations of Protestant bishops in Catholic cathedrals, yes. Inter-communion and dancing in the aisles in Catholic cathedrals, yes. Archbishop Lefebvre and the Tridentine Mass – "No, no, no", replies the Conciliar Church.
When the Archbishop came to dedicate the foundation stone of the Immaculata Chapel at St. Mary's Kansas this year, the local bishop forbade any of the faithful to be present – but more than 2000 crammed themselves into the temporary chapel for the Mass of the Assumption. I was there myself; I am glad I was there, I was proud to be there, and I hope to be there again. Was I disobedient? I am sure I was not and I am comforted that I can cite the authority of Dietrich von Hildebrand in support of this view.
I submit to you that in the American Church today there is absolute pluralism in questions of faith – excluding only those who wish to uphold the Catholic faith. I submit to you that, while Fr. Charles Curran, the high priest of pornology, holds a chair in the Catholic University, no American Catholic need have the least compunction about ignoring the directions of his bishops where these directions are intended to stamp out the last vestiges of the traditional faith among the remaining members of the faithful remnant.
Furthermore, I extend this claim to the Vatican itself. I have already mentioned the fact that Pope Paul VI sanctioned the practice of inter-communion. I know that the immediate reactions of many conservative Catholics will be to say that if the Pope authorized it it must be right. This is nonsense. In their confusion, in a no doubt sincere effort to be loyal to the Pope at all costs, they are committing intellectual suicide. If they justify Pope Paul VI they are condemning all his predecessors. Inter-communion was regarded as unthinkable until the pontificate of Pope Paul VI. Do we serve the papacy better by admitting that one Pope made a serious and culpable error of judgment or by insisting that every other Pope from St. Peter onwards has been in error?
I am firmly convinced that a future Pope will have the unwelcome task of condemning many of the acts of Pope Paul VI – remember that Pope Honorius was condemned by a successor. As the Pope who sanctioned the liturgical reforms, he must accept responsibility for the liturgical reforms – and it is in the liturgical reforms that we see the ecumenical heresy at its most blatant. I could talk to you about this for hours, but I won't. I have at last completed my book, Pope Paul's New Mass and will leave it to you to judge whether or not it establishes that Catholic Eucharistic teaching has been compromised in the interests of spurious ecumenism.
My book, The Order of Melchisedech, has already been published. In this book I prove, I do not allege, I prove that the traditional ordination rite has been purged of every mandatory reference to the true nature of a Catholic priest – that he is a man ordained to offer the sacrifice of the Mass for the living and the dead and to absolve us from our sins. Those who dispute this can prove me wrong by the simple process of listing its mandatory references to the true nature of the priesthood. Dr. Francis Clark, the greatest authority on these matters in the English-speaking world, in a review of my book, has accepted that there is no intrinsic signification of the Catholic priesthood within the rite itself. In other words, its signification must be sought for extrinsically. We must therefore presume that it is intended to ordain sacrificing priests because it was promulgated by Pope Paul VI, who did uphold the nature of the priesthood in a number of documents. Dr. Clark's testimony is a truly damning indictment of the new rite. Since completing my book I have discovered that Cardinal Heenan sent a formal protest concerning this new rite to the Vatican on behalf of the English hierarchy. He asked to have a number of the ancient prayers restored. He was turned down.
All the liturgical changes which have modified or eliminated prayers making Catholic teaching on priesthood, sacrifice, and the Real Presence explicit, have been made with the authority of Pope Paul VI. This is a fact. It is an unpleasant fact and, like most unpleasant facts, it is not easy to face up to. Then we have the Agreed Statements on the Eucharist and Ministry produced by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission. I could speak for hours about these, but I won't. Once again, ample documentation is available in The Order of Melchisedech.
These statements represent a straight-forward betrayal of the Catholic faith, though perhaps 'straight-forward' is not the right word. They are a very devious betrayal of the Catholic faith – the Agreement on the priesthood in particular. In not one instance where an aspect of Catholic teaching is denied by Protestants is that teaching affirmed in this statement. It is true that Pope Paul did not ratify these Agreements, but neither did he condemn them, nor did he take any action against the Catholic prelates who signed them. He received them all with smiles, warm embraces, and hearty congratulations. His condemnations were reserved for Archbishop Lefebvre.
Now that I am coming to the end of this talk I will refer once more to the magnificent letter by Fr. Haacke, which I quoted at the beginning. "Thomas More and John Fisher, have you died in vain?" he asked. Obviously, nothing done for the love of God is ever done in vain, but, if the ecumaniacs are correct, St. Thomas More, St. John Fisher, and all the other Welsh and English martyrs certainly died unnecessarily.
I will repeat once more that what is at stake here is a question of truth. If it is true that Our Lord founded one Church which alone was authorized to preach the Gospel, offer public worship, and minister the Sacraments, then the martyrs were right to die rather than compromise this principle. Before St. Margaret Clitherow was martyred, Protestant ministers announced that they would pray for her. "I will not pray with you, nor shall you pray with me," she replied. "Neither will I say Amen to your prayers, nor shall you to mine." That is the voice of a true Catholic. St. Margaret Clitherow did not have the advantage of the impressive lists of academic degree boasted by the conciliar periti, the liberal experts who drafted the documents which, von Hildebrand agreed with me, contain the seeds of all the present harmful tendencies in the Church including false ecumenism. But I submit to you that St. Margaret Clitherow knew more about the faith than all of them together – which is why she has been canonized and why they are unlikely to be. (There were, of course, a few totally orthodox periti such as Msgr. Bandas, a very good friend of The Remnant,)
Listen now to the voice of Thomas Colton, a teen-aged boy who endured terrible suffering for his faith. He refused to reduce those sufferings by so much as setting foot inside a Protestant church.
"If I should go to your church, I should sin against God and the peace and unity of the whole Catholic Church, exclude myself from all the holy sacraments and be in danger to die in my sins like a heathen. But, although I am but a poor lad, I have a soul to save as well as any other Catholic."
Isn't that beautiful? Isn't that heartening? Doesn't it make you proud to be a Catholic? And what do Cardinal Suenens, Archbishop Whealon of Hartford, Conn., and Bishop Sullivan of Richmond, Va., have in common with St. Margaret Clitherow and Thomas Colton? Nothing, absolutely nothing. St. Margaret Clitherow and Thomas Colton were Catholics. These three prelates and hundreds like them are not. It's as simple as that.
And what of the ecumenical movement, what should our attitude be? I believe that it has become so contaminated with the ecumenical heresy that the Catholic Church must withdraw from it completely and return to the pre-conciliar position of exclusiveness and insistence upon her position as the one true Church founded by Jesus Christ. However, I am advocating only what theologians term dogmatic intolerance – not personal intolerance towards our Protestant friends and relations. My parents and many of my friends are Protestants. We have excellent social relations – I visit them, I go to football matches with them, I go to the pub with them – but I never go to their places of worship. They would not expect me to, they do not resent this, in fact they respect me for it. I was very happy this week when a fairly near neighbour of ours, the wife of a Freemason who knows the strong Catholic convictions of our family, phoned us urgently to look after her children while she rushed to hospital with a son who had had an accident. We were very pleased that of all the people she knew she turned to us first of all.
I am not, therefore, advocating burning our Protestant neighbours at the stake – I would have no such scruples as regards a good number of Catholic bishops – but that's another matter. All that I am advocating is that, if we believe that the Catholic Church is the one true Church, if we accept her claims as the one true Church, then there can be no compromise with error.
The only true Catholic attitude to ecumenism is that set out by Pope Pius XI in his encyclical Mortalium Animos: "Let these separated children return to the Apostolic See established in this city which the Princes of the Apostles, Peter and Paul, consecrated with their blood, to this See, 'the root and matrix of the Catholic Church,' not indeed with the idea or hope that the Church of the living God, the pillar and ground of truth will abandon the integrity of the Faith and bear their errors, but to subject themselves to its teaching authority and rule."
That was the true voice of Catholic tradition. Let us remain faithful to it no matter who asks us to do otherwise.
Last modified on Thursday, March 27, 2014
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Andrew Yang is an entrepreneur and author who ran for president in 2020. In his book "The War on Normal People," he explains the mounting crisis of the automation of[…]
Universal basic income: The plan to give $12,000 to every American adult
Tax megacorps like Amazon to fund universal basic income, says 2020 presidential candidate Andrew Yang.
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ANDREW YANG: Universal basic income is an idea that's older than America, where Thomas Paine was for it at the founding of the country, he called it the citizen's dividend. Decades later Martin Luther King, Jr. was for it. He championed it before he was assassinated in 1968. And Milton Friedman and 1,000 economists signed a study in the late '60s saying this would be tremendous for both the economy and society. It received so much support that it passed the House of Representatives twice under Richard Nixon in 1971. And the only reason it didn't become law was that Democrats in the Senate wanted an even higher income threshold.
So a universal basic income has been with this country for a long time. And it actually became law in one state in 1982 where now every person in Alaska gets between $1,000 and $2,000 a year, no questions asked, from a petroleum dividend. It's wildly popular, has created thousands of jobs, has improved children's health, has decreased income inequality, and it was passed by a Republican governor, who made this argument to the Alaskan people: Who would you rather get the oil money the government, who's just going to mess it up, or you? And the Alaskan people said 'us', and now it's so popular that a majority of Alaskans which is a deeply conservative state generally the majority of Alaskans said they would accept higher taxes to pay for this dividend moving forward.
My plan, the Freedom Dividend, would pay every American adult, starting at age 18, $1,000 a month or $12,000 a year. This would push every American adult to just below the poverty line, which is $12,770 a year right now. But this money would get spent in Main Street businesses, on car repairs, food and tutoring for your kids, the occasional night out, a hardware store. It would go right back into our economy and would create 2 million new jobs, would grow the consumer economy by 8% to 10%, would make our families and communities stronger, would improved children's health and nutrition, would improve everyone's mental health and productivity. It would decrease domestic violence and hospital visits. So universal basic income is a powerful policy that helps improve human welfare, and that's why I'm proposing it as the centerpiece of my candidacy for president.
So the way I propose to pay for a universal basic income is based on a problem we have right now in our country, which is that more and more work and value is getting sucked up and soaked up by a handful of technology companies. Amazon, for example, is doing another $20 billion in commerce every year, and it's now pushing 30% of American malls and Main Street stores into closing. And so for the average American, you're seeing your Main Street stores close, and unfortunately being a retail worker is the most common job in the United States. The average retail worker is a 39-year-old woman making between $11 and $12 an hour. So the problem America is facing is that even as Amazon is soaking up more and more value, they're not paying much in the way of taxes. You probably saw the headline where last year Amazon enjoyed record profits and paid zero in federal taxes. And so the way we pay for a universal basic income is we put the American people in position to benefit from all this innovation by passing a value added tax, which is something that's already in effect in every other advanced economy. With a value added tax, the American public would receive a sliver of every Amazon sale, every Google search, every Facebook ad, every robot truck mile. And because our economy is now so vast at $20 trillion, up $5 trillion in the last 12 years alone, a value added tax at even half the European level would generate $800 billion in revenue which combined with current spending, economic growth, and putting this buying power into Americans hands, cost savings on things like incarceration, homelessness services, and emergency room health care, and then the value gains from having a stronger, more educated, more productive, more entrepreneurial population.
There's one study that showed that if you were to reduce poverty in this country, you would actually be increasing GDP by $700 billion just by making people stronger, healthier, better educated, and mentally healthier. And so we're going to be able to pay for this universal basic income if we put in a new tax that harnesses the gains of all these new technological innovations and brings them back to the American people.
For a long time, the West shaped the world. That time is over.
Parag Khanna


Someone who is average or plain in one culture is considered handsome in another culture.
This is all over the place, usually in horror or action stories related to the supernatural. Basically, there's an old evil, and people have figured out a way to contain it or keep it at bay, often with a ritual that needs to be repeated. Of course, the hero ends up unleashing it by failing to repeat the ritual in time or something else goes wrong and the hero has to face the evil. At the end, though, the evil is permanently defeated, and the people are no longer threatened or burdened, while sealing it only kept the issue from becoming dangerous.
Examples include the witches in Hocus Pocus being killed for good after they've been awakened for the first time in centuries, Calamity Ganon in The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, who is defeated after a sealing plan failed, the witch in ParaNorman finding peace at the end after her calming ritual fails and brings her back enraged, and in Coraline, where children have been kept away from the Other World by the landlady, but when Coraline slips through, she ends up eliminating the threat at the end.


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