text:
MIA adds a third EV to its fleet as it strives for the "Net Zero" target
Continuing its march towards the goal of Net Zero emissions, Mangaluru International Airport added the third electric vehicle (EV) on 13th October to its 'green vehicle' initiative. MIA earlier in July had procured two such vehicles kept with the Endeavour of being carbon neutral and achieving the 'net zero' status for their future. The third electric vehicle will be used in aero operations at the airport.
Using electric vehicles for its day-to-day operations will help Mangaluru International Airport reduce its carbon emission and thereby pare the carbon footprint that this facility generates operationally, in toto. This conscientious switch to electric vehicles is part of larger plan of the airport to convert all of their fossil fuel driven vehicles to electric vehicles, & wherever this green option is available which will be going forward to March 2025.
The airport earlier on August 1st had commissioned an electric vehicle charging station to support the move in order to operationalize EVs at MIA. Plans are afoot to set up a second EV charging station on the airside to complement the existing charging station at traffic island four which is near the flag post. Stakeholders at the airport or passengers visiting the airport may utilize this EV charging station on the city side, which is already operational.


text:
L'année 1961 est une année commune qui commence un dimanche.

En bref
 12 avril : premier vol orbital d'un homme dans l'espace, Youri Gagarine, à bord du Vostok 1.
 16 - 20 avril : échec du débarquement de la baie des Cochons à Cuba par les exilés cubains militarisés, soutenus par les États-Unis.
 21 - 26 avril : putsch des généraux à Alger.
 2-3 juin : sommet Kennedy-Khrouchtchev à Vienne (Autriche) ; début de la « coexistence pacifique ».
 12 - 13 août : début de la construction du mur de Berlin.
 17 octobre : ouverture du congrès du Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique (PCUS) consacrant la rupture avec la Chine.
 10 décembre : le prix Nobel de la paix est attribué au Suédois Dag Hammarskjöld à titre posthume.

Relations internationales
 30 mars : tenue de la convention unique sur les stupéfiants à New York sous l'égide de l'ONU qui prohibe la production, le commerce, la détention et l'usage de la coca, l'opium, du cannabis et leurs dérivés (excepté à des fins médicales) pour les pays signataires.
 28 mai : le quotidien à grand tirage londonien The Observer publie « L'appel pour l'amnistie 1961 », de Peter Benenson. Cette initiative conduit à la fondation du mouvement Amnesty International.
 23 juin : entrée en vigueur du traité sur l'Antarctique.
 -6 septembre : Tito organise une conférence des États non-alignés à Belgrade, avec la participation de 25 pays. La Yougoslavie, l'Inde et l'Égypte sont les nations dirigeantes du groupe des pays non-alignés dans ses premières années.
 9 septembre : ajournement de la conférence sur le désarmement nucléaire (Genève), sans la France.
 18 septembre : Dag Hammarskjöld, secrétaire général des Nations unies, meurt dans un accident d'avion en Rhodésie.
 3 novembre : le Birman U Thant, dit « Monsieur U », est nommé secrétaire général des Nations unies.
 20 décembre : résolution de l'ONU sur le statut des corps célestes ; ils peuvent être librement explorés par tous les États et ne sont pas susceptibles d'appropriation nationale.

Événements

Afrique

 3 janvier : gouvernement Houphouët-Boigny en Côte d'Ivoire.

 3-7 janvier : la conférence de Casablanca réunit les gouvernements africains les plus « progressistes ». Elle adopte la charte africaine de Casablanca signée par des représentants du Ghana, de la Guinée, du Mali, du Maroc, de la RAU et du GPRA. Elle définit des objectifs supranationaux, dont la création d'un marché commun africain et d'une citoyenneté africaine unique. Elle apporte son soutien aux territoires en lutte pour l'indépendance. Le « groupe de Casablanca » se prononce en faveur du gouvernement de Patrice Lumumba au Congo-Kinshasa.

 17 janvier, crise congolaise : assassinat de Patrice Lumumba, premier ministre du Congo-Kinshasa. Un de ses partisans, Antoine Gizenga, vice-premier ministre du gouvernement continue le gouvernement à Stanleyville (Kisangani).
 19 janvier : démission de Modibo Keïta. Après avoir mis en place un nouveau cabinet, il se fait réinvestir le lendemain à l'unanimité des votants par l'Assemblée nationale du Mali. En mars, à Ségou, il lance un appel à l'austérité et en octobre, il décide la mise en route du premier plan quinquennal malien.
 20 janvier : Modibo Keïta demande l'évacuation rapide de toutes les bases françaises du Mali (2200 hommes, qui assurent la surveillance de la frontière avec l'Algérie). Ce retrait est achevé en septembre.

 4 février : début de la rébellion nationaliste en Angola soutenue par l'Union soviétique (1961-1974). Émeute à Luanda où les rebelles attaquent les prisons, suivie d'une insurrection massive de paysans (février-mars). Les membres du MPLA tuent 2000 colons portugais, ce qui déclenche la guerre d´indépendance (1961-1974). L´insurrection est matée dans le sang à partir du 5 février.
 11 février : référendum au Cameroun britannique ; le sud s'unit à la République du Cameroun (ex-Cameroun français) nouvellement indépendante, le nord vote en faveur du rattachement au Nigeria.
 12 février : Léon Mba est élu président du Gabon. Un gouvernement d'Union nationale est formé le 21 février.
 21 février : la résolution 161 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies autorise l'Opération des Nations unies au Congo à recourir à la force en dernier recours pour faire cesser les combats au Congo.

 15 mars : l'Union des populations de l'Angola (UPA) de Holden Roberto lance depuis le Congo la grande révolte des Bakongo dans le nord de l'Angola. Plusieurs centaines de Portugais et d'assimilados sont massacrés.
 30 mars : la constitution du Togo est promulguée.
 25 - 31 mars :  Conférence des Peuples africains au Caire.

 6 avril, Ghana : « Discours à l'aube », discours radiodiffusé de Kwame Nkrumah qui stigmatise la corruption de plusieurs cadres de son parti, le CPP.
 9 avril : Sylvanus Olympio est élu président du Togo.
 13 avril : Salazar prend le ministère de la défense au Portugal et organise une répression sanglante en Angola :  à  Africains sont tués et de  à  Angolais se réfugient au Congo Léopoldville. Le mouvement se poursuit par des guérillas dans le nord et dans l'est du pays.
 26 avril : arrestation de Moïse Tshombe, emprisonné à Léopoldville jusqu'au 22 juin ; l'État du Katanga est gouverné par un collège constitué du vice-président Jean-Baptiste Kibwe, le ministre de l'éducation nationale Joseph Kiwele et le ministre de l'intérieur Godefroid Munongo.
 27 avril : indépendance de la Sierra Leone.
 29 avril : signature à Accra d'une « charte de l'Union des États africains » par les chefs d'État de la Guinée, du Ghana et du Mali. Elle ne se réalisera pas.

  : Julius Nyerere (TANU), Premier ministre du Tanganyika devenu autonome.
 2 mai : André Malraux, ministre d'État aux Affaires culturelles se rend à Bamako pour normaliser la situation entre la France et le Mali. Quelques jours plus tard, Modibo Keïta propose l'ouverture de négociations bilatérales, qui sont conduites à Londres alors que la France évacue la base de Kati (8 juin). Les bases de Tessalit (8 juillet), de Gao (2 août) et de Bamako (5 septembre) sont évacuées.
 8 - 12 mai : conférence de Monrovia (21 participants) réunie à l'initiative de sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Premier ministre du Nigeria. Elle prône le renforcement des États-nations en affirmant l'égalité absolue entre eux, la non-ingérence dans les affaires intérieures de chacun, le respect de leur souveraineté et la nécessité de coopérer au sein d'organismes consultatifs. Elle préconise le maintien des relations avec les anciennes métropoles et propose l'introduction du français et de l'anglais aux côtés des langues nationales.
 10 mai : Charles Swart est élu Président de la République d'Afrique du Sud.
 15 - 25 mai : à la Conférence d'Addis-Abeba organisée par l'UNESCO, les représentants des États participants se donnent pour objectif la scolarisation universelle à la fin des années 1970.
 25 - 30 mai : congrès constitutif de l'USPA (Union syndicale Panafricaine) à Casablanca.
 31 mai : entrée en vigueur de la nouvelle Constitution sud-africaine. l'Union d'Afrique du Sud cède la place à la République d'Afrique du Sud et quitte le Commonwealth plutôt que de renoncer au principe d'inégalité raciale.

 20 juin : la constitution somalienne est adoptée par référendum.

 9-11 juillet : premier congrès du United National Independence Party (UNIP). Kenneth Kaunda lance une campagne de désobéissance civile en Rhodésie du Nord (Cha-cha-cha campaign). La situation devient insurrectionnelle dans le Nord de la fédération de Rhodésie et au Nyassaland.

 14 août : libération de Jomo Kenyatta après neuf ans de détention, après que la KANU, victorieuse aux élections de février, a conditionné la formation d'un gouvernement responsable à sa libération ; il prend la direction du parti le 28 octobre. Le Kenya obtient son indépendance en 1964.
 15 août : gouvernement noir au Nyassaland après la victoire du Parti du congrès du Malawi aux législatives.
 20 août : Moktar Ould Daddah est élu le président de Mauritanie (fin en 1978).

 28 août : opération « Rumpunch » menée par l'ONUC contre Élisabethville pour en déloger les mercenaires. Le succès est partiel.

  : un groupe de onze anciens soldats érythréens mené par Hamid Idris Awate attaque un poste de police. Début de l'insurrection de l'Érythrée contre l'Éthiopie sous la direction du FLE (Front de libération de l'Érythrée). Le conflit dure trente ans.
 6 septembre : décret-loi n° 43.893. Les habitants de l'empire colonial portugais accèdent à la citoyenneté portugaise.
 11 septembre : constitution par les États africains « modérés » du Groupe de Brazzaville de l'Union africaine et malgache (UAM) à la conférence de Tananarive (6-12 septembre).
 13 septembre : échec de l'opération « Morthor » menée par l'ONUC pour arrêter les dirigeants sécessionnistes du Katanga (Tshombe, Munongo, Kibwe et Mutaka ). Seul Kibwe est fait prisonnier.

 17 septembre : reddition de 158 soldats de l'ONUC (dont 155 irlandais) assiégés à Jadotville par l'armée katangaise.
 Nuit du 17 au 18 septembre : le secrétaire général des Nations unies Dag Hammarskjöld est tué dans un accident d'avion près de Ndola, en Rhodésie du Nord.
 18 et 25 septembre : élections supervisées par l'ONU au Burundi et au Ruanda.

  : réunification du Cameroun. Le 11 novembre, le président Ahmadou Ahidjo se prononce pour la constitution d'un parti national unifié.
 18 octobre : victoire du Parti national aux élections législatives sud-africaines.

 9 - 20 novembre : voyage de la reine Élisabeth II au Ghana.
 25 novembre : début de la répression du « Complot des enseignants » en Guinée. Le régime élabore la théorie du « complot permanent » auquel il répond par la terreur symbolisée par les « pouvoirs révolutionnaires locaux » et le « camp Boiro » où sont internés les opposants.

 6 décembre : constitution en Rhodésie du Sud, négociée avec le Royaume-Uni, qui institue une assemblée élue sur la base des « races », avec 50 sièges pour les colons blancs et 15 pour les Africains.
 9 décembre : indépendance du Tanganyika au sein du Commonwealth. Julius Nyerere chef de l'État.
 11 décembre : Sir Albert John Lutuli (Afrique du Sud) reçoit à Oslo le prix Nobel de la paix pour 1960.
 19 décembre : l'ONU forme un comité spécial d'enquête sur les territoires portugais d'Afrique.
 21 décembre : accords de Kitona entre Moïse Tshombe et Cyrille Adoula. Par une déclaration en huit ponts, Tshombe renonce à l'indépendance du Katanga et reconnait Joseph Kasa-Vubu comme président du Congo.

Afrique du Nord

 8 janvier : référendum français sur l'autodétermination de l'Algérie. La politique du général de Gaulle est approuvée par près de 75,2 % des suffrages exprimés en métropole et par 69,1 % en Algérie.
 25 janvier : l'avocat Pierre Popie est assassiné (premier meurtre revendiqué par les fondateurs de l'OAS).
 11 février : création à Madrid de l'Organisation armée secrète (OAS) par Pierre Lagaillarde et Jean-Jacques Susini pour défendre l'Algérie française.

 3 mars : intronisation du roi Hassan II après la mort à Rabat du roi Mohammed V du Maroc le 26 février ; le 4 mars, Hassan II prend la tête du gouvernement.

 10 avril : le premier tract de l'OAS est distribué à Alger. « L'OAS frappe où elle veut et quand elle veut ».

 21 - 26 avril : tentative de putsch des généraux à Alger. Dans la nuit du 21 au 22 avril les généraux Challe, Jouhaud, Zeller, rejoint par le général Salan le 23 avril, parviennent à soulever plusieurs régiments dans un coup de force pour s'opposer à la politique algérienne du général de Gaulle. Le  étranger de parachutistes commandé par Hélie de Saint-Marc prend le contrôle de la ville. Le putsch durera quatre jours avant son échec.
 23 avril : dans une allocution télévisée, Charles de Gaulle condamne le « quarteron des généraux en retraite » et s'attribue les pleins pouvoirs en vertu de l'article 16 de la Constitution.
 25 avril : opération gerboise verte, dernier essai nucléaire français atmosphérique tiré à Reggane en Algérie.
 25-26 avril : la sédition des généraux prend fin : Gouraud, Challe, puis Zeller se constituent prisonniers.

 20 mai-13 juin : échec de la première conférence d'Évian sur l'Algérie.

 29 mai : le général Salan prend la tête de l'Organisation armée secrète.

 5 juillet : sanglants affrontements dans la région de Constantine et d'Alger à l'occasion de la journée nationale contre la partition du pays organisée par le FLN.
 11 juillet : les généraux Raoul Salan, Edmond Jouhaud et Paul Gardy sont condamnés à mort par contumace par le Haut Tribunal militaire.
 12 juillet : dans un discours radiotélévisé, De Gaulle déclare « La France accepte sans aucune réserve que les populations algériennes constituent un État entièrement indépendant ».
 17 - 22 juillet, Tunisie : crise de Bizerte. Revendiquant la base de Bizerte, le président Bourguiba poste ses troupes autour des installations françaises : un affrontement sanglant s'ensuit. La Tunisie rompt les relations diplomatiques avec la France et saisit le Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies (résolution 164). Le 29 septembre, un accord prévoit l'évacuation de la base par la France.

 29 août : De Gaulle adresse ses instructions au premier ministre Michel Debré et au ministre d'État, chargé des affaires algériennes, Louis Joxe : « Vis-à-vis de l'Algérie, notre politique est celle du dégagement ». Depuis le début du mois de juillet, les troupes françaises se retirent progressivement d'Algérie.

 5 septembre : de Gaulle admet les prétentions algériennes sur le Sahara. La négociation avec le Gouvernement provisoire de la République algérienne (GPRA) reprend le 9 décembre.
 11 - 12 septembre : graves incidents dans le quartier juif d'Oran.
 12 septembre : graves incidents à Bab El-Oued.

 2-20 novembre : Ben Bella et les détenus algériens en France font la grève de la faim pour obtenir le statut de prisonnier politique.

Amérique

 4 janvier : rupture des relations diplomatiques entre les États-Unis et Cuba à la suite de l'expulsion de diplomates américains en poste à la Havane. Eisenhower transmet le dossier à Kennedy, qui donne le feu vert à l'invasion, à condition qu'aucune force nord-américaine ne soit impliquée.
 20 janvier : début de la présidence démocrate de John Fitzgerald Kennedy aux États-Unis (fin en 1963).

 31 janvier : Jânio da Silva Quadros, (UDN), Président de la République au Brésil. Il doit affronter une situation économique délicate.

 23 février : Ernesto Guevara devient ministre de l'industrie à Cuba. Il élabore un plan de restructuration, dans l'idée de rompre la dépendance économique de Cuba à l'égard des exportations de sucre, de diversifier la production agricole et d'industrialiser le pays. La production de sucre tombe de 6,8 millions de tonnes en 1961 à 4,8 en 1962 et 3,8 en 1963, privant le pays de précieuses devises. L'industrialisation est handicapée par l'embargo nord-américain.

 13 mars : le président Kennedy propose à l'Amérique latine une « Alliance pour le Progrès » afin de promouvoir conjointement le développement économique, engager des réformes structurelles, instaurer ou consolider la démocratie. Le lendemain, il demande au Congrès des États-Unis l'autorisation de créer un Fond interaméricain de progrès social.

 14 avril : plébiscite de François Duvalier lui permettant de commencer un nouveau mandat le  et de rester au pouvoir à Haïti jusqu'en 1967.
 17 avril : débarquement de la baie des Cochons. Un millier d'opposants au régime castriste, bénéficiant de l'aide de la CIA, tentent un débarquement armé. Les attaquants sont attendus par les troupes de Castro et ne reçoivent aucune aide aérienne de la part des États-Unis. L'opération se révèle un fiasco et a pour conséquence un rapprochement officiel de Fidel Castro avec l'Union soviétique. La veille de l'attaque, il a proclamé le caractère « socialiste » de la révolution cubaine et Khrouchtchev lui assure son soutien inconditionnel. Le gouvernement des États-Unis décrète un blocus.
 25 avril : création au Brésil d'une société nationale, Eletrobrás, pour contrôler la production et la distribution d'électricité.

  : Cuba devient une République démocratique socialiste.

 30 mai : assassinat de Trujillo en République dominicaine, ouvrant une période d'instabilité politique. Longtemps écartée du pouvoir, la bourgeoisie se rue sur les biens du dictateur déchu.

 23 juillet : fondation du Front sandiniste de libération nationale au Nicaragua, qui mène des actions insurrectionnelles.

 5 - 17 août : conférence exceptionnelle du Conseil interaméricain économique et social de l'OEA à Punta del Este, en Uruguay. Après le fiasco de l'intervention à Cuba, Kennedy présente ses projets d'« Alliance pour le progrès ». Deux documents sont signés : le premier, la Déclaration des peuples d'Amérique, fixe un certain nombre d'objectifs généraux détaillés dans le second, la Charte de Punta del Este. La rhétorique de l'Alliance pour le progrès concernant la démocratie ne sera guère suivie d'effet et sera même contre-productive. À l'opposée, l'assistance militaire fait des progrès considérables. Elle passe de 65 millions par an pour l'Amérique latine entre 1953 et 1961 à 172 millions pour les trois années de l'administration Kennedy. L'aide économique est singulièrement accrue, passant d'une moyenne annuelle de 204 millions de dollars sous la présidence d'Eisenhower à 1,3 milliard entre 1962 et 1965.
 23 août, Brésil : le journaliste Carlos Lacerda dénonce à la télévision de São Paulo un coup d'État qu'aurait préparé le président Quadros. Le 24 août, il fait de même à la télévision de Rio.
 25 août : le Président brésilien Jânio Quadros renonce à la présidence et quitte Brasilia, laissant une lettre accusant les forces occultes et étrangères. Le vice-président João Marques Goulart, ancien ministre du Travail de Getúlio Vargas qui se trouvait en Chine, revient en hâte, et trouve un compromis avec l'armée : l'armée laisse Goulart accéder à la présidence, mais la Constitution est amendée (2 septembre). De présidentiel, le régime devient parlementaire. Goulart entre en fonction le 7 septembre et Tancredo Neves forme le gouvernement le 8 septembre.

 19 septembre : référendum en Jamaïque, qui choisit de quitter la Fédération des Indes occidentales.

 7 novembre : les militaires mettent un terme au quatrième mandat du dirigeant populiste Velasco en Équateur. Le vice-président Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy lui succède le 9 novembre. Il fait preuve de nationalisme et d'inclinaisons à gauche (fin le ).
 30 novembre : opération Mongoose de la CIA contre le gouvernement cubain.

 2 décembre : Fidel Castro se déclare marxiste-léniniste.

Asie et Pacifique
 28 janvier : au Cambodge, Penn Nouth est nommé Premier ministre.
 9 mars : première compétition internationale de récitation du Coran à Kuala Lumpur.
 23 mars : le  dalaï lama refonde l'institut de médecine et d'astrologie tibétaine à Dharamsala en Inde.

 11 mai : cessez-le-feu au Laos.
 16 mai :
 ouverture de la Conférence de Genève sur le Laos (fin en ).
 coup d'État militaire en Corée du Sud. Un gouvernement militaire mené par le général Park Chung-hee gouverne par décret la Corée du Sud jusqu'en , quand Park Chung-hee est élu président. Il reste au pouvoir jusqu'à sa mort en 1979. Début de la dictature militaire (fin en 1988).
 20 mai : le gouvernement indien fait voter une loi interdisant d'exiger une dot pour conclure un mariage, le .
 27 mai : Tunku Abdul Rahman propose d'élargir la fédération de Malaisie à Singapour, Sarawak, Sabah (Nord-Bornéo) et Brunei.

 12 juin : promulgation de la loi fondamentale sur l'agriculture au Japon.
 22 juin : accord de Zurich permettant l'installation d'un gouvernement d'union nationale au Laos.
29 juillet : Wallis-et-Futuna devient un territoire d'outre-mer.

 6 septembre : rupture des relations diplomatiques et fermeture des frontières entre l'Afghanistan et le Pakistan sur la question du Pachtounistan (fin le ).

 27 octobre : l'Union soviétique soutient la candidature de la Mongolie à l'ONU.

 17 novembre : au Cambodge, Norodom Sihanouk se nomme Premier ministre.

 18 novembre : Kennedy envoie  conseillers militaires américains à Saigon pour aider le gouvernement sud-vietnamien dans sa lutte contre le Front national de libération du Sud Viêt Nam.

  : le Conseil de la Nouvelle-Guinée occidentale créé par les Pays-Bas, qui est la puissance coloniale, hisse un nouveau drapeau, l'« Etoile du matin ».
 9 décembre : élections fédérales australiennes.
 11 décembre : arrivée du premier contingent d'hélicoptères de combat américain à Saigon. Début de l'engagement américain ( hommes) au Viêt Nam.
 18 et 19 décembre : annexion de Goa, Daman et Diu (territoires portugais) à l'Inde avec l'intervention de l'armée (opération Vijay, combat de Mormugão).
 20 décembre : résolution 1723 de l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies sur la situation au Tibet à la suite des appels du  dalaï lama.

Proche-Orient
 15-21 janvier : le Qatar adhère à l'OPEP à la suite d'une décision de la conférence de Caracas.

 11 avril : début du procès Adolf Eichmann en Israël.

 11 mai : le président américain Kennedy adresse une lettre aux principaux dirigeants arabes, qui lance une initiative de paix pour le Moyen-Orient. Il souhaite l'application des recommandations de l'ONU sur les réfugiés palestiniens et la résurrection de la Commission de conciliation de 1949. Les réfugiés arabes pourraient se voir octroyer le droit d'émigrer en Amérique du Nord, en Amérique latine et en Australie, sauf 25 % qui rentreraient en Israël. David Ben Gourion refuse tout retour de réfugiés avant le règlement durable de l'ensemble de la question. Il se rend aux États-Unis (entrevue du Waldorf-Astoria le 30 mai) et recherche une intervention américaine contre les livraisons d'armes de l'Union soviétique à la RAU. En septembre, Kennedy désigne un émissaire spécial au Moyen-Orient, Joseph Johnson, chargé d'étudier la question des réfugiés palestiniens sur la base des propositions américaines. Nasser s'affirme favorable au plan américain. Washington se rapproche de Tel-Aviv, malgré la question de l'armement nucléaire israélien.

 19 juin : le Koweït accède à l'indépendance après abrogation du traité de protectorat de 1899.
 25 juin : le premier ministre irakien Qasim envoie un mémorandum à la Ligue arabe qui revendique « le territoire koweïtien comme partie intégrante de l'Irak » et menace de l'occuper militairement. Le Koweït fait appel à la Grande-Bretagne qui débarque des troupes . Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies se réunit du 2 au 7 juillet, mais le veto de l'URSS empêche toute résolution. La Ligue arabe accueille le Koweït le 20 juillet et le 10 septembre les troupes arabes remplacent les britanniques.

 20 juillet : Nasser nationalise les banques, les compagnies d'assurances et de nombreuses autres sociétés industrielles en Égypte.
 25 juillet : une nouvelle loi de réforme agraire est promulguée en Égypte. Le plafond de la superficie des propriétés est réduit à 42 ha. Les cultures sont réglementées par l'État et encadrées par des coopératives agricoles.
 17 août : le gouvernement de la République arabe unie est entièrement centralisé en Égypte.
 11 septembre : début de la révolte kurde en Irak. Qasim soutient les opposants au dirigeant kurde Barzani, qui réplique en prenant le maquis et demande l'autonomie du Kurdistan. En septembre, les organisations kurdes sont interdites et l'armée entame une répression contre les forces de Barzani. Devant la situation, les officiers kurdes de l'armée démissionnent et s'engagent auprès de Barzani. La guérilla kurde est efficace et l'armée irakienne ne parvient à contrôler que les principales agglomérations. Le régime de Qasim en sort affaiblit.
 28 septembre : la centralisation du gouvernement de la République arabe unie, décidée le  provoque un coup d'État à Damas. L'armée syrienne s'empare du pouvoir. Nasser refuse une épreuve de force et rapatrie tous les Égyptiens présents en Syrie. La RAU est dissoute le 5 octobre.

 15 octobre : élections législatives en Turquie.
 18 octobre : nouveau gouvernement en Égypte, sans représentation syrienne.
 24 octobre, Arabie saoudite : inauguration de l'université islamique de Médine, chargée de former des missionnaires pour répandre le Wahhabisme. les États-Unis soutiennent la politique de prédication des wahhabites qui leur apparaît comme un moyen de combattre l'arabisme révolutionnaire et le marxisme.
 15 décembre, Israël : à Jérusalem, le nazi Adolf Eichmann est condamné à mort après un procès de 8 mois.
 31 décembre : échec d'une tentative de prise de pouvoir par le Parti social nationaliste syrien au Liban.

Europe
 22-23 janvier : détournement du paquebot Santa Maria par le capitaine Henrique Galvão pour attirer l'attention sur le régime de l'Estado Novo au Portugal.
 31 janvier, Portugal : la préparation des élections permet de mettre au point un « programme pour la démocratisation de la République », rendu public le 11 mai par une conférence de presse. Le gouvernement interdit la publication de ce document jugé diffamatoire et subversif. Les principaux signataires sont poursuivis.

 10 et 11 février : les 6 États-membres de la CEE veulent une union politique.

 21 mars : Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej devient président du Conseil d'État en Roumanie.
 31 mars : recensement en Yougoslavie. À cette occasion, les musulmans de Bosnie-Herzégovine obtiennent un statut ethnique distinct pour les mettre sur un pied d'égalité avec les Serbes et les Croates.

 15 avril : élections législatives polonaises.
 25 avril : gouvernement de Théo Lefèvre en Belgique (fin en 1965).
 26 avril : l'aide économique soviétique à l'Albanie est officiellement suspendue.

 15 mai : encyclique Mater et Magistra du pape Jean XXIII sur les questions sociales. Renouvellement de l'enseignement social de l'Église.

 4 juin : entrevue de Kennedy et Khrouchtchev à Vienne. Le dirigeant soviétique annonce son intention de signer un traité de paix avec la RDA, qui rendrait caducs les droits d'accès aérien et terrestres occidentaux à Berlin-Ouest. Kennedy réagit fermement et demande en juillet au Congrès des États-Unis le droit de rappeler  réservistes. Après la construction du mur de Berlin, Khrouchtchev annonce qu'il renonce pour le moment à la signature d'un tel traité.

 5 août : les ministres des Affaires étrangères occidentaux réunis à Paris décident de maintenir par tous les moyens la présence à Berlin de leurs troupes, la liberté de la population et le libre accès à la ville.
 9 août : Harold Macmillan demande formellement l'adhésion du Royaume-Uni à la CEE.

 Nuit du 12 au 13 août : construction d'un réseau de barbelés qui coupe Berlin en deux, ce qui va devenir le mur de Berlin quand le béton commencera à remplacer le fil de fer, deux jours plus tard. Les autorités est-allemandes veulent ainsi mettre un terme à l'exode massif des Berlinois de l'Est vers l'ennemi de l'Ouest. Le mur tombera après vingt-huit ans et plus de deux cent trente-huit morts, le , événement marquant le début de la fin de l'empire soviétique et de facto celui de la guerre froide.

  : reprise des essais nucléaires soviétiques dans l'atmosphère.
 11 septembre :
 fondation à Lisbonne de la , chantier naval le plus important du monde occidental.
 élections législatives norvégiennes.
 17 septembre : élection du  Bundestag en Allemagne de l'Ouest.

 17 octobre : massacre d'indépendantistes algériens lors d'une manifestation à Paris.
 17-31 octobre :  Congrès du Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique à Moscou. Khrouchtchev réitère certaines de ses accusations contre Staline et fait retirer sa dépouille du mausolée où il reposait au côté de Lénine. Il obtient également l'exclusion du parti des staliniens qui s'étaient opposés à lui en 1957.

 18 octobre : la charte sociale européenne est signée à Turin.

 27 octobre : à Checkpoint Charlie à Berlin, face à face de deux colonnes de chars d'assaut américains et soviétiques 16 heures durant.
 29 octobre : les élections législatives en Grèce reconduisent la majorité absolue à l'Union nationale radicale de Constantin Caramanlis sur fond d'irrégularités ; l'Union du centre de Geórgios Papandréou émerge avec 33,65 % des suffrages.
 30 octobre: explosion au-dessus de l'archipel arctique soviétique de Nouvelle-Zemble de Tsar Bomba, la bombe nucléaire la plus puissante jamais mise au point par l'homme.

 14 novembre : cabinet Adenauer IV en RFA.
 28 novembre : reprise de la conférence de Genève sur le désarmement, Khrouchtchev réclame la présence de la France.

 10 décembre: rupture des relations diplomatiques entre l'URSS et la République populaire d'Albanie ; l'Albanie pratique une politique prochinoise.
 31 décembre : tentative de putsch militaire à Béja au Portugal.

Fondations en 1961

Naissances en 1961

Décès en 1961

Personnalités majeures décédées en 1961
 10 janvier : Dashiell Hammett (romancier américain)
 17 janvier : Patrice Lumumba (homme politique congolais)
 21 janvier : Blaise Cendrars (écrivain français d'origine suisse)
 26 février : Mohammed V (sultan puis roi du Maroc)
 3 mai : Maurice Merleau-Ponty (philosophe français)
 13 mai : Gary Cooper (acteur américain)
 6 juin : Carl Gustav Jung (psychiatre suisse)
 1er juillet : Louis-Ferdinand Céline (écrivain français)
 2 juillet : Ernest Hemingway (écrivain américain)
 1er septembre : Eero Saarinen (architecte et designer américain d'origine finlandaise)
 11 octobre : Chico Marx (acteur américain)
 14 octobre : Paul Ramadier (homme politique français)

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Années 1960

 Guerre froide - Chronologie de la guerre froide

Liens externes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


An intensive seminar discussing topics in print media from pre-history to the present. Subjects may include early forms of printmaking and how print media revolutionized communication and the distribution of information in society. This course will explore the historical framework of print culture and discuss contemporary and future directions in print media.
Prerequisite/Corequisite: You must have taken ART 215 or ART 216 or ART 221 with a grade of "C" or better before taking this class.


text:
Q: Is mean deviation the same as mean absolute difference? Do both  terms mean the same thing or are they different?

A: Mean deviation is the same as mean absolute deviation; it is mean deviation from the mean.
$$
MAD=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}|x_i-\overline{x}|
$$
Mean absolute difference is for two independent values $X$ and $Y$
$$
MD=E[|X-Y|]
$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

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<TITLE>
javax.security.sasl (Java 2 Platform SE 5.0)
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<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="javax.security.sasl package">

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Package javax.security.sasl

Contains class and interfaces for supporting SASL.

See:

          Description

Interface Summary

SaslClient
Performs SASL authentication as a client.

SaslClientFactory
An interface for creating instances of <tt>SaslClient</tt>.

SaslServer
Performs SASL authentication as a server.

SaslServerFactory
An interface for creating instances of <tt>SaslServer</tt>.

Class Summary

AuthorizeCallback
This callback is used by <tt>SaslServer</tt> to determine whether
 one entity (identified by an authenticated authentication id)
 can act on
 behalf of another entity (identified by an authorization id).

RealmCallback
This callback is used by <tt>SaslClient</tt> and <tt>SaslServer</tt>
 to retrieve realm information.

RealmChoiceCallback
This callback is used by <tt>SaslClient</tt> and <tt>SaslServer</tt>
 to obtain a realm given a list of realm choices.

Sasl
A static class for creating SASL clients and servers.

Exception Summary

AuthenticationException
This exception is thrown by a SASL mechanism implementation
 to indicate that the SASL
 exchange has failed due to reasons related to authentication, such as
 an invalid identity, passphrase, or key.

SaslException
This class represents an error that has occurred when using SASL.

Package javax.security.sasl Description

Contains class and interfaces for supporting SASL.

This package defines classes and interfaces for SASL mechanisms.
It is used by developers to add authentication support for
connection-based protocols that use SASL.

SASL Overview

Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) specifies a
challenge-response protocol in which data is exchanged between the
client and the server for the purposes of
authentication and (optional) establishment of a security layer on
which to carry on subsequent communications.  It is used with
connection-based protocols such as LDAPv3 or IMAPv4.  SASL is
described in
RFC 2222.

There are various mechanisms defined for SASL.
Each mechanism defines the data that must be exchanged between the
client and server in order for the authentication to succeed.
This data exchange required for a particular mechanism is referred to
to as its protocol profile.
The following are some examples of mechanims that have been defined by
the Internet standards community.

DIGEST-MD5 (RFC 2831).
This mechanism defines how HTTP Digest Authentication can be used as a SASL
mechanism.

Anonymous (RFC 2245).
This mechamism is anonymous authentication in which no credentials are
necessary.

External (RFC 2222).
This mechanism obtains authentication information
from an external source (such as TLS or IPsec).

S/Key (RFC 2222).
This mechanism uses the MD4 digest algorithm to exchange data based on
a shared secret.

GSSAPI (RFC 2222).
This mechanism uses the
GSSAPI
for obtaining authentication information.

Some of these mechanisms provide both authentication and establishment
of a security layer, others only authentication.  Anonymous and
S/Key do not provide for any security layers.  GSSAPI and DIGEST-MD5
allow negotiation of the security layer.  For External, the
security layer is determined by the external protocol.

Usage

Users of this API are typically developers who produce
client library implementations for connection-based protocols,
such as LDAPv3 and IMAPv4,
and developers who write servers (such as LDAP servers and IMAP servers).
Developers who write client libraries use the
<tt>SaslClient</tt> and <tt>SaslClientFactory</tt> interfaces.
Developers who write servers use the
<tt>SaslServer</tt> and <tt>SaslServerFactory</tt> interfaces.

Among these two groups of users, each can be further divided into two groups:
those who produce the SASL mechanisms and those
who use the SASL mechanisms.
The producers of SASL mechanisms need to provide implementations
for these interfaces, while users of the SASL mechanisms use
the APIs in this package to access those implementations.

Related Documentation

Please refer to the
Java
SASL Programming Guide for information on how to use this API.

Since:

1.5

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Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java 2 SDK SE Developer Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you are planning to spend a chilling time in a sunny place, check out this convenient 7-night package deal to Pula for only €67 per person (on 4 adults basis)! The price includes return flights from Brussels Charleroi and accommodation very well-rated apartment !
Croatia is an amazing country! Beautiful Adriatic sea coast and the stunning nature of numerous national parks make this country one of the most popular destination in Europe. Visit ancient Balkan cities, taste delicious Mediterranean food and discover the rich cultural legacy of this fascinating country!
Pula lays on the Croatian coast looking at the Adriatic Sea and offer stunning beach life together with ancient architectural beauty of the Roman amphitheatre. The Old Town of Pula is known for its historic sights such as the Temple of Roma and Augustus. Excursions to the Brijuni Islands National Park can be arranged in the city centre.
For this package you'll be staying at the well-rated apartment Ferienwohnung Kastelir 155S, located in Fažana just 160 m away from the beach. Free WiFi is available and free parking is provided on site.
All rooms include flat-screen cable TV and a seating area. The private bathroom comes with a bath or a shower and a hairdryer. Some units boast a balcony as well. A fully equipped kitchen is included in some units.
For this package you'll be staying at Ferienwohnung Kastelir 155S with so follow our links and book your vacation!
One personal item per passanger.


text:
Sidman is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its ZIP code is 15955. It was part of the St. Michael-Sidman census-designated place, before it was split into two separate CDPs during the 2010 census. The population of Sidman as of the 2010 census was 431.

References

Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Census-designated places in Cambria County, Pennsylvania


text:
REVIEW: The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet by Becky Chambers
Rosemary Harper doesn't expect much when she joins the crew of the aging Wayfarer. While the patched-up ship has seen better days, it offers her a bed, a chance to explore the far-off corners of the galaxy, and most importantly, some distance from her past. But Rosemary gets more than she bargains for with the Wayfarer. The crew is a mismatch of species and personalities, from Sissix, the friendly reptilian pilot to chatty engineers Kizzy and Jenks who keep the ship running. Life aboard the Wayfarer is chaotic but more or less peaceful – exactly what Rosemary wants. That is until the crew is offered the job of a lifetime; the chance to build a hyperspace tunnel to a distant planet. They'll earn a fortune… if the manage to survive the long and dangerous trip. Along the way Rosemary learns she isn't the only one on board with secrets to hide, and that space may be vast, but spaceships are very small indeed.
The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet is mostly a space road trip where not a lot of big plot things happen. Instead it's a character driven story as Rosemary becomes a part of this crew that's more like a family. The way exposition and character backstories are interwoven into the story is wonderful, as often it is from characters learning from one another or learning to open up and ask for help and support.
The book is told from all of the crew member's point of view at least once, though characters like Rosemary, Sissix, Kizzy and the captain Ashby seem to get more focus. You still get a good feel of all the characters though and how they fit together. They each have their problems or secrets, some of which they don't even know about themselves, but they still all mange to work together.
How space, and the many different species that live there, is beautiful and vivid. Humans are far from the dominant species which is a different take compared to the majority of sci-fi I've come across before. It's also great to read about characters that are different species and are so different from humans – whether that's by appearance, social norms or both. The political systems, and politics between different species, are intricate yet as the author has taken the time to sprinkle information throughout the story, when there's tension between species, you can quickly understand why.
The world (or should that be universe) of The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet is full or rich detail as the crew stop off at different planets to restock their ship and even see friends. There's so many different people and their technology is advanced yet not always working well, meaning the world feels lived in. This isn't the shiny and sleek kind of sci-fi, instead it's a dirty, lived in kind of sci-fi. The Wayfarer isn't a new ship, things go wrong with it and it's the crew that fixes it and makes it feel like a home.
The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet is a bit of a slow read but that doesn't mean it's not a compelling one. It has so much detail with its world building and it really gives the characters room to breathe. Every single member of the Wayfarer crew has their own unique personality and the author does a great job of not turning any of them into clichés.
The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet is a sweeping science-fiction novel that never forgets that humanity (though is that the right word when there's characters who are not human?) is the most important thing. 4/5.
Posted in Books, Reviews and tagged 4 stars, Becky Chambers, book review, sci-fi, The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet on August 1, 2019 by elenasquareeyes. 3 Comments
← REVIEW: Someone Great (2019)
REVIEW: The Fate of the Furious (2017) →
ericarobyn says:
I NEED to get to this one soon!! Great review!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We like to make a habit out of celebrating hump day. Every Wednesday we have a special deal in our factory shop and we make a fun cocktail for our customers. We really nailed the drink this week, and have had several requests to share the recipe. So, here ya go!
Are you asking yourself…why is it called the Rib Tickler? Once you try it, you'll know why.
Don't you just love St. Germain?? So many fun ways to take your cocktail to the next level with St. Germain.
How cute are Joy's nails?
Tada! And how cute is Joy? Come by the Zum Factory every Wednesday, where there's always a deal and always a drink. And, unlike other happy hours, ours goes all day until til 7pm. Can't make it on Wednesday? Come see us anytime, we're open Monday-Ffriday 9-5 and Saturday 10-2.
← Baby making is fun. And so is having the safest laundry soap you can buy!


text:
Dedicated To Classic Cartoons: Past, Present & Future
Friedwald
Korkis
Kausler
Deitch
Deneroff
JB Kaufman
Stathes
Boschen
Ehrbar
Judkins
Kazaleh
Parten
Sam Singer and Hanna-Barbera's "Sinbad Jr." on Records
In His Own Words: Bob Clampett Talks About Robert McKimson
BAXTER'S BREAKDOWNS
October 12, 2016 posted by
Disney's Silly Symphony "Woodland Cafe" (1937)
Everybody's truckin' on down with this week's breakdown, with one of my favorite Silly Symphonies!
Development for "Bug Cabaret," the working title of this film, occurred around March 1936, with Bianca Majolie as the story director. Majolie, a classmate of Disney's in high school, was the first woman in Disney's story department, hired in February 1935. During her time at Disney's, she contributed to different subjects for Silly Symphonies, which never make it past story development, including Ballet des Fluers, Goldilocks and the Three Bears and Japanese Symphony. Woodland Café was one of the few with Majolie's involvement that surpassed these preliminary stages.
The film went into layout by summer 1936, as drawn by Terrell Stapp and John Walbridge. By the time of this film's production, Disney's cartoons were increasingly sumptuous in their appearance, as they continued production on Snow White. Stapp and Walbridge later made significant marks in Disney's features—Stapp drew the layout of the Prince's castle in the final scene in Snow White, and Walbridge designed the Chinese mushrooms for the "Nutcracker Suite" in Fantasia. Wilfred Jackson served as the director on this film, supported by a strong cast of animators.
The recurring guests inside the café are a grumpy bee with a female red ant, resembling William Randolph Hearst and Marion Davies. Their scenes are animated by Izzy Klein, a seasoned New York animator who worked at International Film Service (animating characters from Hearst's newspapers) and Barre-Bowers in the teens. He left animation to become a free-lance cartoonist in the mid-'20s, but returned to animation at the Van Beuren Corporation in the early '30s. He left for the West Coast to work for Charles Mintz, before joining Disney in 1936, under the recommendation of head story artist Ted Sears. He soon left Disney and went back to New York, working for Paul Terry, and helped create Mighty Mouse, the studio's most durable character.
The middle of the film consists of a floor show, depicting the Apache dance as it originated in the Parisian slums during the late 19th century—a street-tough spider spots a naïve female fly, who retaliates against his domination over her. In a fascinating turn, the fly wins against her captor, tangling him in his web, and she takes his place underneath the lamppost. Dick Lundy animates the entirety of this sequence, which lasts about two and a half minutes. The sharp timing in Lundy's scenes is exceptional, especially under the hands of a detail-oriented director as Jackson; in a subtle musical touch, after the spider takes his strides, grasping the fly by her antenna, the sharp violin notes accompany his movements and her dangling is accompanied by small woodwind sections. Lundy also animates scenes of the grasshopper jazz band, as the Cab Calloway-esque bandleader demonstrates "truckin'."
Ward Kimball, in one of his earliest solo assignments, animates the final montage sequence in the film. Kimball's scenes perpetuate an exuberant energy, showcasing his fast timing accompanied by the jazzy musical track, which accentuates the motions to great effect. The scenes with the grasshopper slapping on the bass fiddle appears to be cyclical animation, yet the character's body (and instrument) leans from right to left, as he taps his foot, brings his hand closer toward the camera and tosses his head back and forth. In the following scene, Kimball uses a smear effect as the bandleader sets each foot down to a bouncy step, as he balances his baton on his finger and waves his top hat. Kimball also animates the quick flash cuts between the brass section and the cymbals, resulting in a musical explosion as the film irises out.
Cy Young is credited on effects animation for this film, including the dazzling effects of light reflections from a clover blossom illuminated by fireflies, and the dandelions slowly dropping down like balloons, as the insects dance on the ballroom floor. Young is also credited on a few sequences with character animation—he wasn't strictly an effects artist, having animated on his own film, Mendelssohn's Spring Song (1931), which featured insects dancing to the aforementioned musical composition. (Since the film's actions encompass much of the space needed for these spectacles, some of Young's effects credit alongside the listed character animator is omitted from the video to avoid overcrowding.)
Musical composer Leigh Harline uses a small selection of popular hit songs for the soundtrack to Woodland Café—usually reserved for original compositions in the Silly Symphonies. The first tune played by the grasshopper jazz band is Euday L. Bowman's ragtime standard "Twelfth Street Rag," performed in big band fashion. During the finale of the film, the band performs Ted Kohler and Rube Bloom's "Truckin'," from the Cotton Club Parade revue, introduced a year before the film's production. A butterfly ballet was intended to be the centerpiece of the film, but was removed, with the Apache dance — from Offenbach's ballet Le Papillion — assumedly to better complement the earthy, contemporary elements in the cartoon.
Some dissimilarities in the draft for Woodland Café are enigmatic, and in some cases, don't reflect the finished scenes in the film. The artist credited as "Byrne" in the draft may be either Tom Byrne or Charles Byrne, who were both brothers that worked in the animation business. No credits for Tom's work have surfaced during this period for Disney, and Charles had worked for the studio in the early '30s. No evidence from the exposure sheets have been examined—however, on the strength of his previous credits, Charles is credited for his scenes on the video.
There is some re-used animation during the "Truckin'" finale, credited to other artists in the draft; for instance, scene 96A, credited to "Byrne," is actually a Kimball scene—fielded in a tight close-up—intended to occur later in the cartoon (scene 105). Similarly, scene 97 is credited to Jack Hannah, but is actually lifted from an earlier Lundy section (scene 91), with re-dubbed dialogue; this practice is also carried to scenes 103B and 103C, which have no animator credit—they are both Lundy scenes, with dialogue re-dubbed.
Many of the Disney cartoons I've written about are from the Silly Symphonies, and not many starring its main stars Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Goofy. A large majority of the drafts from the Mickey Mouse cartoons released in the 1930s, as well as a select few Donald Duck entries from the mid-'30s — Goofy and Wilbur included, as well — have already been shared on animator/historian Hans Perk's blog. It wouldn't be fair, or make much sense, to create a breakdown video of what is readily accessible. Many Disney cartoons from the 1940s and 1950s, starring Donald and Goofy, aren't available to me at the moment, and as far as I know, aren't available in copies from collectors, as many of these drafts are. The Disney Archives houses these documents, but gaining access to their holdings is a venture that may have to wait for a while. For now, I hope you all appreciate what I have to share.
Enjoy! (Check out the description for scene 94—it's just great.)
(Thanks to J. B. Kaufman and Didier Ghez for their help.)
Silly SymphonyWalt DisneyWard Kimball
Bigg3469
October 12, 2016 12:19:35 am
I've noticed that in future showings of Woodland Café the scenes of the Cab Calloway inspired Grasshopper Jazz Band were deleted and censored by politically correctiveness because of the grasshoppers had the "Minstrel Blackface" and might have been offensive to viewers.
October 12, 2016 1:57:55 pm
Everybody's truckin' on down….
Somehow you never fail to make me giggle uncontrollably each week….
Mark Mayerson
Not to blow my own horn (or slap my own bass), I did an analysis of one of Kimball's shots at the end of the film.
http://mayersononanimation.blogspot.ca/2009/11/patterns-of-motion.html
And I'd like to say that the business lost a great animator when Dick Lundy was promoted to directing.
Joe Marchesa
October 13, 2016 3:12:31 am
In 1985, I belonged to the Ferko String Band, one of the bands that marches in the Philadelphia New Years Parade. We did an animal theme that year. We borrowed two pieces from Woodland Cafe, 12th Street Rag from the opening, and Everybody's Truckin' At the end. A link to the video is below.
https://youtu.be/BgrFiPfA068
ramjet637
Just brilliant. Please don't let pc keep these films from us.
Moosetta
The grumpy old insect reminds me more of Lionel Barrymore. And who voices the bandleader who sings "Truckin"? He sounds a bit like John Bubbles.
ABOUT DEVON BAXTER
DEVON BAXTER is a freelance video editor, currently residing in Pennsylvania. He has provided vintage material and edited supplemental features for Tom Stathes' Cartoons on Film Blu-Ray/DVD sets.
MORE BAXTER BREAKDOWNS
CARTOON RESEARCH © 2020 by Jerry Beck


Writing everyday is hard. But it shouldn't be. I am at fault, I don't write everyday. I should, but I don't. One of those challenges I am still trying to overcome. However, I am going to start taking a page from my own advice starting now.
One way to get yourself to write a few hundred words a day is to simply take a look around where you are at, find something and come up with a narrative around it. 300 to 500 words. Easy.
For example, one day at work I arrived and it was storming out. I cracked open my journal and wrote this excerpt about the storm. Whether it's good or bad it irrelevant, this is an unedited, raw entry. I may use this later on, I may not. The point is I created an insight to story just from some dark storm clouds rolling in. You can see the motivation picture here.
Black ribbons stretched across the sky as the storm approached. Slowly marching closer was a destructive force that will be talked about for a generation. Townsfolk that hadn't taken the warnings serious were scrambling down Main street looking for any shop still open. Wood, nails, tarps, ammo, food all were cleared off the shelves weeks ago. Procrastination may be their final mistake. An event of myth and lore, not believed by the masses, yet feared by the elders was not about to hit the island world.
No one is sure where the storm comes from. Travelers have said it appears from the heavens, others say it spews out of the acid sea. Once it forms it stays for years, disappearing with as little reason as its birth. Not for 10 generations has the storm crossed the shores, long enough to be forgotten and disbelieved. The emerald sky rolling over to a deathly black has everyone believing today.
The air is still, quiet, not a sound to be heard. The normal rings of the ship's bells have ceased, the bustle of the markets silent, any sound of life of a neighbor to song bird is not heard. All eyes fixed on the waves of clouds about to crash on the small nation.
Legend talks about the calm before the storm, if the silence is a measure of what's to come then we may not survive the night.
Maybe the woman walking into the office is on an espionage mission, the man leaving work early is heading to see his mistress, the plane flying over head has a mechanical problem, the bird sitting in the tree is observing the people, every item on your desk or in your car has a story. Write about it. Whatever you want. Exercises abound and you are writing about it. You don't need to write a work of art or anything you would use, but the simple act of practicing writing is honing your skills for your real masterpieces.


You were one of the best motorcyclist in your area when you were living. You thought that you could stay that way forever, but all things have an end and thus, you met yours in a freak accident. IN heaven, you can't accept that you are already dead and made a bargain with a devil to resurrect for the cost of your soul. The devil granted your wish, but he can't resurrect you with your flesh and now, you are the Ghost Rider. You might be scary outside, but everyone knows that it is not our judgment to criticize others.
Since the day, you have been resurrected, you are still riding your bike since your mission is to find the one that run over you and make him pay. Until that day, you would be forever be a skeleton riding his bike. You might look sinister, but you are not evil and you use your powers to fight evil. Others might not like you at first, but eventually they would like you since you are a good person or whatever you are. It is just right to say that our appearance should not be the way that we should be judge. We should be judge by our doings.
In this game, the idea is to get to the finish line in as fast as you can. The path ahead might be scary, but we should not look at it that way since this is just a game and the real challenge is arriving to the finish line safely. You need to get there as fast as you can since the timer dwindles and along with the points that you would get from it. You should concentrate on balancing your bike in this game and not the scary stuffs out there. The game gets better and better as you play the game.


Last night, while walking after dinner, we took a route we hadn't taken in a while, and off in the distance to the southwest I saw a huge Christmas light show. Some house off in that direction had really gone over the top with their display. It looked too far away to walk, so we headed home and tried to drive out to find it.
It took a long time to find our way there, because out first two guesses as to where it was took us into dead ends. Fernley has a lot of these, in the form of partially-built subdivisions that don't connect to each other and are full of cul-de-sacs and dead ends. After three attempts, we finally found the house in question, and we wish we'd brought the camera.
Even though it was challenging getting there, we're glad we saw the show before the lights came down.


Raymond Lavelle Shue of Garrison, formerly of Mount Enterprise, Texas passed away Friday, April 12, 2019, in Garrison at the age of 91. He was born March 1, 1928, in Ennis, Texas, to parents Jimmy and Erma Mae Shue.
Mr. Shue enjoyed singing in the church choir at First Baptist Church of Mount Enterprise and was very involved in other various church activities. He also volunteered his time at local community centers. Some of his hobbies were camping, hunting, and fishing. He was an outstanding third baseman for fast-pitch softball. He was involved with The Lion's Club in Newton, Texas as well.
Raymond was preceded in death by his parents; wife, Maxine Shue; wife, Reba Edgar Shue; and daughter, Debra Lavelle Pierce.
He is survived by his son, Charles David Shue and wife Nancy; son, Randall Dean Shue and Gale; grandchildren, Tracy Westbrook and husband Tabor, Stacy Westbrook and husband Clay, Raymond Dean Shue and wife Stefanie, Mako Shue, Jennifer Stevens and husband Shane, and Daniel Shue and wife Laura; great-grandchildren, Dru Westbrook, Brice Westbrook, Dannah Stallone and husband Joseph, Amara Stevens, Zachary Shue, Jackson Shue, Charles Shue, Samuel Shue, and Anders Shue; and a host of nieces and nephews.
A funeral service will be held at 10:00 a.m. Thursday, April 18, 2019, at Cason Monk-Metcalf Sunset Chapel officiated by Bro. Joe Orr. Committal service will follow at 2:00 p.m. at Newton City Cemetery in Newton, Texas.
In lieu of flowers, the family suggests that memorial contributions be made to a church choir of your choice.
Mr. Shue was a fine gentleman. He was faithful to his church and a faithful choir member. We sat together for many volleyball matches and rooted for the Eagle Ladies. He will be terribly missed for a season. But I know I will see him again. Thoughts and prayers to the girls and their families. Love y'all.


text:
const ws = require('../lib/waterdataservice');
let workers = {};

workers.msToTime = (duration) => {
    let milliseconds = parseInt((duration % 1000) / 100),
        seconds = parseInt((duration / 1000) % 60),
        minutes = parseInt((duration / (1000 * 60)) % 60),
        hours = parseInt((duration / (1000 * 60 * 60)) % 24);

    hours = (hours < 10) ? "0" + hours : hours;
    minutes = (minutes < 10) ? "0" + minutes : minutes;
    seconds = (seconds < 10) ? "0" + seconds : seconds;

    return hours + ":" + minutes + ":" + seconds + "." + milliseconds;
}

workers.getInterval = (delay) => {
    let dt = new Date();
    let minDelay = (delay - 1 - (dt.getMinutes() % delay)) * 60 * 1000;
    let secDelay = (60 - dt.getSeconds()) * 1000;
    // console.log('Calculated %s delay.', workers.msToTime(minDelay + secDelay));
    return minDelay + secDelay;
};

workers.getDataByState = (state) => {
    ws.getWaterDataByState(state);
}

workers.loop = (interval) => {
    console.log('inside workers.loop. Interval = %d', interval);
    let wsTimer = setTimeout(function getData() {
        dt = new Date();
        console.log('Beginning USGS WaterData Update...', new Date(dt.getTime() - dt.getTimezoneOffset() * 60000).toISOString().slice(0, -1));
        workers.getDataByState('tx');
        interval = workers.getInterval(15);
        wsTimer = setTimeout(getData, interval);
    }, interval);
}

workers.init = () => {
    let dt = new Date();
    console.log('Beginning USGS WaterData Update...', new Date(dt.getTime() - dt.getTimezoneOffset() * 60000).toISOString().slice(0, -1));
    workers.getDataByState('tx');
    let interval = workers.getInterval(15);
    workers.loop(interval);
}

// Export the module
module.exports = workers;


How Often Should A Timing Belt Be Replaced?
The timing belt on your car, van, truck, or any vehicle for that matter, does a very important job.
But because it's something which only needs to be replaced every few years or so, it's a job which can be easily overlooked.
That could be a big and costly mistake.
Because the job of a timing belt is, essentially, to keep a number of important parts moving in synchronisation, if it fails the consequences can be immediate.
So in this article, we'll look at the vexed question of how often you should replace your timing belt - and hopefully, armed with this knowledge, you'll know when it's time to start shopping around for timing belt replacement quotes.
The timing belt keeps a vehicle's camshaft and crankshaft turning at the right speeds relative to each other.
The crankshaft moves the pistons up during the engine's compression and exhaust cycles, while the pistons move down in the power and intake cycles. In some vehicle makes, the timing belt also operates the water pump, oil pump and injection pump. So it's easy to see what an important job this pretty small piece of apparatus does.
So what can go wrong? If the timing cycle is not correct, fuel may not enter the cylinder or could escape through an open exhaust valve, so leading to problems with your vehicle's performance and economy. If the valves are not fully closed during compression, the majority of the engine's power will be lost.
Why Does A Timing Belt Need To Be Replaced?
All the parts which are moving inside your vehicle's engine in order to produce the power which moves it are like a mechanical ballet performance. They need to be kept working in synchronisation - and inside an engine this can mean margins of a fraction of a second.
Otherwise, unwanted forces are put on parts which might not be able to take the stress, and, in extreme circumstances, can snap or break. And because this can all happen with tremendous force, that means all that energy has to be dissipated somehow - if it happens to be through the casing of your vehicle's engine, the damage will be considerable, and the cost of putting it right, therefore, likewise.
Timing belts are more often than not made out of very strong rubber. This is designed to absorb and be able to operate under tremendous stresses. But over time, its ability to do this is compromised. Rubber will, however gradually, deteriorate as time passes, and a timing belt made of rubber will lose its tautness. When this happens, the tiny intervals between the various actions which it helps control become more difficult to keep in sync.
The result, at the very least, is a reduction in the performance of your engine. But ultimately, you're running the risk of this lack of synchronisation getting steadily worse, and falling victim to the consequences as outlined earlier.
The Key Question - How Often to Change Cambelt?
For many years, the key question was: "At what mileage should the cambelt be changed?" And the rule of thumb was every six years, or 60,000 miles, according to replacement car parts supplier to the trade, Meineke. But with the new reality of vehicles being subjected to huge variations in their amount of use (and abuse), coupled with improvements in engine technology, some say that interval can be increased to up to 100,000 miles.
That, of course, brings with it a huge risk. To start with, if you buy a car second-hand, you're never going to know what kind of use it's been subjected to, and whether that has contributed to the timing belt suffering excessive wear.
The reading on the mileometer only tells you a tiny fraction of the story, but unless you're a trained mechanic, it's quite easy to miss other signs which might suggest that an engine - and so the timing belt too - have been treated harshly, so possibly storing up problems which you can't readily anticipate.
Your best bet is to check your owner's manual, as this will contain the advice as it applied at the time your car was built.
Volkswagen has issued specific advice covering all its vehicles, which says that all those registered after 1 September 2009 (so in the UK those with a 59-reg plate and later) should be subjected to a timing belt replacement every five years. Yet at the same time, it says that those vehicles with an 09 plate or older need to have a replacement timing belt every four years.
Our recommendation at MyCarNeedsA.com is to firstly check your vehicle's owners' manual - assuming you can find it. If not, you might do best to consult the website of your car's manufacturer. Failing this, your dealer should be able to help.
The best dealers will let you know if or when they replace a timing belt when they have serviced your car. But the long service intervals recommended for many modern cars is a double-edged sword, and the job of fitting a new timing belt might easily slip through the net.
So we recommend that you look up what your manufacturer says - it will be in your owner's manual, whether you have a paper copy or can look it up online.
What If I Bought My Car Second-Hand?
First up, check through the paperwork you were given when you took delivery. An important job such as fitting a replacement timing belt should always be flagged up, and ideally the receipt showing details of what was done and when be kept.
If not, the garage or individual who sold it to you insisted a new timing belt had been fitted, you can ask whether they can prove it. If they can't you're safest to assume that a cam belt has to be replaced every four to six years. So work out how old your car is, and divide the number of years by four.
Age of car = 8 years old, divided by 4 = 2 - get some timing belt replacement quotes.
5 years old, divided by 4 = 1.25 - Check - do you know/can you find out whether the car had a replacement timing belt when it was four years old? If not, look into getting a replacement timing belt ASAP!
Having a replacement timing belt fitted according to schedule might not make an appreciable difference to the running of your car, but it will protect you against a possibly crippling repair bill. So it's especially important to be aware of the timing belt replacement interval which applies to your car if you rely on it for daily use.
When you need timing belt replacement cost quotes for your car, you can get them quickly and without any fuss by registering with MyCarNeedsA.com, and posting a request online. You can then choose who you want to fit your new timing belt on the basis of the price quoted, their location, or reviews posted by other users of our service.
What Does A Car Timing Belt Tensioner Do?


text:
Cal represents DU diving in CAA championships | The Triangle
Cal represents DU diving in CAA championships
By Brian Palmer
A Drexel women's diver prepares for a dive off of a diving board at the Drexel pool during a home meet. Men's junior diver Stephen Cal has been a standout on the boards in 2011-12.
With the Drexel University swimming anddivingseason winding down,thereis only one meet remaining. Thisdiving-only meetwilltake placeFeb.11 at 11a.m.against the University ofMaryland-BaltimoreCounty.
Juniorstandoutdiver Stephen Cal is the only member of the Drexel men's swimming and diving team that competed last week in meets against Navy and Columbia University. In the meet, Cal scored 247.55 in the 1-meter board for seventh place against Navy and Columbia. Cal also posted a score of 239.10 for a fourth-place finish in the 3-meter event in Navy's Lejeune Hall. Despite the positive results, it was a rough meet for Cal, who felt that he didn't perform to his full potential.
"One of thegoodthings I took away from the meet wasthatI have a lot to work on, and I'm lookingforwardto it," Cal said of his performance. "I didn't do as well as I wanted to, but it motivates me even more to get to practice and come back strongerinthe next meet."
Headingintothe finaldivingmeet before theColonialAthleticAssociationChampionships, Calwillbe looking to work on the mental aspects of his gamethathelp him performinthe pool.
"Iwillwork to be more consistent with mydivelist and to mentally prepare myself for the meet," Cal said. "Divingis extremely mental, and lately I've had a problem with focusing on what I need to do in order to do well."
After the meet against UMBC, Cal has his sights set on the CAA championships. It has been a long season where Cal has had some ups and downs. However, he has been working hard and hopes to finish the season strong.
"I'm lookingforwardto CAA's because it's really a culmination of all the work I've been doing during the season," Cal said about the opportunity to dive at the CAA Championships.


In 2001 I had a one man show titled "Artist as Landscape" at the Norton Studio of the Pacific Art League in Palo Alto. The theme of the show was what the artist sees of himself, usually without the use of reflective technology (mirror). The pictures in this section appeared in that show.


After 40 years of providing service,THE CAMERA CLINIC OF OHIO has gone out of business. If you have photographic equipment that needs repair, we have made arrangements with a repair firm that Mr. Goldberg worked closely with over the years.
Mr. Fox works on all makes and model, both film-based and digital.


text:
Paul Stein (Wittemberg, -Treptow, ) est un entomologiste et conservateur de musée allemand.

Biographie

Après des études de mathématiques et d'histoire naturelle à Berlin (1870-1875), il devient enseignant à Genthin (1907) puis à Treptow.

Spécialiste des diptères et particulièrement des anthomyiidae dont il découvrit et décrivit de nombreux genres et espèces, il travailla avec Theodor Becker, Mario Bezzi et Kálmán Kertész au Katalog der Paläarktischen dipteren (1903) aujourd'hui conservé au musée d'histoire naturelle de Berlin.

Œuvres

 Die Anthomyidengruppe Homalomyia nebst ihren Gattungen und Arten, 1895
 Nordamerikanische Anthomyiden, 1897
 Die afrikanischen Anthomyiden des Königl.Zool.Mus.zu Berlin, 1906
 Persische Dipteren von den Expeditionen des Herrn N. Zarudny 1898 und 1901 (avec Theodor Becker), 1913
 Voyage Alluaud en Afrique Orientale. Anthomyidae, 1914

Annexes

Bibliographie
  A. Musgrave, Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1775-1930, Sydney, 1932.
  Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum, 1984, p. 288.
  F. Christian Thompson, Adrian Charles Pont, Systematic database of Musca names (Diptera), 1993, p. 26.
  Graham C. D. Griffiths, Flies of the Nearctic region: Orthogenya Dolichopodidae, 1995, p. 41.
  Gordon Gordh, David Headrick, A Dictionary of Entomology, 2001, p. 873.

Liens externes

Entomologiste allemand du XIXe siècle
Entomologiste allemand du XXe siècle
Conservateur allemand de musée
Naissance en avril 1852
Naissance à Wittemberg
Naissance dans la province de Saxe
Décès en septembre 1921
Décès à Berlin
Décès à 69 ans


Are you considering making the switch from grain-fed beef to grass-fed, local beef?
The benefits of switching to a grass-fed alternative when it comes to your meat source are numerous. Not only are you making a healthier choice for your family, you're also making a big impact on the world by choosing meat from ethically-raised, healthy animals.
Here are just a few of the benefits of eating local beef as opposed to the supermarket alternative.
In addition to having more omega-3s than conventionally raised beef, local beef is rich in another type of healthy fat: conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).
Conjugated linoleic acid has been shown to help with weight loss, protect against cancer, and even help prevent obesity. Research indicates that this essential fatty acid may actually combat tumor growth, making it a versatile and beneficial fat along with its other health benefits.
We know that omega-3s are essential for heart, skin, and brain health. However, studies show that getting healthier fats in your diet such as omega-3s and CLA may help stabilize your blood sugar, therefore lowering your risk of diabetes.
Local beef is not only lower in total fat with more types of healthy fat, but also contains less cholesterol than your supermarket beef. This means the meat is heart healthy as it contains less fat overall and more vitamins and minerals, without the added antibiotics and hormones.
Red meat is typically associated with higher cholesterol levels, but as grass fed beef contains more essential fatty acids, it can actually help promote a higher level of good cholesterol (HDL) and a reduced level of bad cholesterol (LDL).
When you choose to purchase local beef, you're getting meat from cows that weren't treated with antibiotics or hormones. Best of all, the grasses they were fed weren't treated with any herbicides or pesticides, making their diet a natural, organic alternative to genetically modified grains.
Perhaps even more importantly, these cattle were ethically treated. Their healthy lifestyle and natural diet means their meat contains more antioxidants such as vitamin E, a higher content of vitamin A, and more nutrition for you and your family.
Choosing to purchase grass-fed beef is not only the healthier option for you, but makes a positive impact on the planet as well.
By choosing a local ranch for your meat source, you can also help reduce antibiotic resistance, which leads to bacteria in some types of conventionally raised beef. Did you know what 80% of all antibiotics used in the United States are used in animal agriculture? That's a lot of antibiotics in your meat!
In addition, more and more alarming research is showing just much bacteria is in conventional beef. Many of these bacteria have become resistant to the antibiotics that farmers use to try and stop them. Some of these bacteria—including MRSA—kill thousands of people in the United States every year.
In fact, nearly 20% of supermarket beef contains some type of superbug, which are bacteria defined as being resistant to three or more types of antibiotics. How can you trust what's safe for your family to eat? You can make the safer choice with local beef.
Finding local beef from a true local ranch shouldn't have to be difficult. Eating tasty, ethically-raised meat has some important benefits that factory raised beef just can't offer. From more protective, cancer-fighting healthy fats to less cholesterol and zero antibiotics, you just can't beat the purity and nutrition that comes with your local, grass-fed beef!


Russian authorities pressing Crimean Tatars to vote, leader of the Crimean Tatar national movement in Ukraine and worldwide Refat Chubarov says.
Despite the fact that the Presidential election in Russia is devoid of intrigue, officials are trying to ensure the high turnout of votes.
The Insider publication shows at least ten ways used by Russian authorities to increase turnout: there are to be held referendums on important local issues and local elections on the day of the nation-wide elections; there's going to be a lot of fair-style competitions with nice prizes for participating voters; and there is also going to a practice of forcing the staff of kindergartens and schools to compulsory entry into the polling station by collecting their personal data.
Russian officials pay special attention to the Crimea events. The newspaper Kommersant quotes a statement by the head of the Sevastopol branch of United Russia in the occupied Crimea, Boris Kolesnikov, who says that "the turnout of the presidential elections will be compared with the turnout of the referendum," and therefore "it is important to come to the polls and vote" (the official figures of turnout in the so-called "referendum on the accession of the Crimea to Russia" were 89.5% in the Crimea, and 83.1% in Sevastopol).
The head of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people, Refat Chubarov, in his interview to the Russian "Voice of America" representatives confirmed that the pro-Russian authorities in Crimea are trying to increase the turnout of the presidential election, especially among the Crimean Tatars.
"According to the data we receive, the Russia-appointed authorities in Crimea mobilize everything in order to ensure a high level of people's participation in the illegal elections. Particular attention is paid to the Crimean Tatar part of the electorate, and the feeling that this time the occupiers want to play for the total non-participation of the Crimean Tatars in the staged "referendum" of 2014 ".
Refat Chubarov says that special services are also involved to ensure high attendance rate of the Crimean Tatars at the polling station.
According to the leader of the Crimean Tatars, the leadership of the Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University exerted considerable pressure on students, "resorting to threats that if they do not show proper social activity in the upcoming elections, then it is going to be difficult for those students to continue their study".
Teachers, who already begin to compile the lists of children and their parents, endure the same kind of pressure. People were also recruited to participate in the elections through Crimean Tatar entrepreneurs… For Putin and his entourage, it is very important that the Crimea not only demonstrates a high turnout but shows the number of voters much higher than in Russia, especially among the Crimean Tatars ", thinks Chubarov.


Curt practices general corporate and securities law. He represents privately held companies and investors in a wide range of transactions including venture capital and private equity investments. His practice focuses on business organization, growth and finance, mergers and acquisitions, corporate governance, securities regulation, complex business contracts, executive compensation and business succession planning.
Curt spends significant time counseling boards of directors, CEOs and executive management teams regarding strategic business/legal issues and has gained substantial experience as a member of several boards of directors of public and private corporations. He has represented several companies that have experienced significant growth and development, such as CheckFree Corporation (acquired by Fiserv), Rocky Brands, Inc., Tween Brands, Inc. (acquired by Dress Barn), and Applied Innovation, Inc. (acquired by Kentrox), Veeam Software Corporation and Highlights for Children.
Curt currently serves on the board of directors of Rocky Brands, Inc. and previously served on the boards of several other public and private companies. He has been recognized in The Best Lawyers in America® in the area of Corporate Law for more than 10 consecutive years and in Chambers USA in the area of Corporate Law/M&A. He is a founding member, board member and past president of the Columbus chapter of the Association for Corporate Growth.


text:
IBAN Standard Structure
Geographical Usage
IBAN Implementation for UAE
Validate your IBAN
FAQ on the International Bank Account Number (IBAN)
IBAN stands for the internationally-accepted International Bank Account Number used by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 13616-1:2007 to make or receive international payments.
The IBAN does not replace a sort code and account number. It is an additional number with extra information to help overseas banks to identify the right account for payments
First adopted as a standard to govern European bank account numbers, IBAN was created with international standards and is applied worldwide, including in the UAE. An IBAN serves to promote faster and more reliable electronic customer fund transfers.
Validate an IBAN
The IBAN structure is defined in ISO 13616-1, and consists of a two-letter ISO 3166-1 country code, followed by two check digits and up to thirty alphanumeric characters for a BBAN (Basic Bank Account Number) which has a fixed length per country and a bank identifier included within it, with a fixed position and a fixed length per country. The check digits are calculated according to the scheme defined in ISO/IEC 7064 (MOD97-10).
IBAN formatting example
GR1 6 0110 10 5 0 0000 10 5 4 7 0 2 3 7 9 5
GB 3 5 MIDL 4 0 2 5 3 4 3 2 1 4 4 6 7 0
SA 8 0 8 0 0 0 0 3 7 5 6 0 8 0 101 9 01 6 0
CH 5 1 0 8 6 8 6 0 0 1 2 5 6 5 1 5 0 0 1
AE0 7 0 3 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 012 3 4 5 6
The characters that may be used in an IBAN are numerals '0' to '9' and the 26 upper case alphabetic characters 'A' to 'Z'. This applies even in countries such as Greece, Saudi Arabia and others where these characters and/or numerals are not used in the national language.
All banks in Europe (except for the Commonwealth of Independent States) provide an IBAN identifier for their accounts, as well as nationally-recognised identifiers, which are mandatory within the European Economic Area. In addition, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mauritius, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and Turkey also provide IBAN format account identifiers.
Some banks outside Europe may not recognise IBAN, although this is expected to diminish over time. Non-European banks typically accept an IBAN as a bank account numbers for accounts in Europe, although they might not treat an IBAN differently to other foreign bank account numbers. In particular, they might choose not to check that the IBAN is valid before sending the payment.
In the absence of an IBAN, it remains necessary to use the current ISO 9362 Bank Identifier Code system (BIC or SWIFT code) in conjunction with the BBAN.
The IBAN implementation for the UAE closely follows the international implementation standards.
The IBAN for the UAE is based on the following components:
The ISO 3 1 6 6 -1 alpha-2 country code
The ISO 7 0 6 4 mod 9 7 -10 check digit
The 3-digit institution identifier.
The domestic account number within the institution. Fixed length of 1 6 and prefixed with 0 if the domestic account length within an institution falls short of the expected length of 1 6.
Click here to see how to validate your IBAN.
What is an IBAN?
IBAN is the acronym for an ISO 13616 standard compliant International Bank Account Number. An IBAN is a unique customer account number which can be used to make or receive payments confidently within a country and abroad (excluding cheques or credit cards). This confidence comes from two sources: the first is the internationally-accepted standard for numbering bank customer accounts, and the second is the ISO standard methodology for verifying the IBAN's accuracy.
Who can create and issue IBAN?
Banks in the UAE with customer accounts used for electronic payments are authorised to generate an IBAN. No other party is permitted to generate an IBAN for bank customers.
Who requires an IBAN?
Bank customers who receive or make electronic payments in the UAE or abroad will require an IBAN. If you have more than one account at your bank, you will require an IBAN for each of your accounts.
How can I get my IBAN?
Since November 19, 2011, each of your account numbers have been converted into IBAN format, and your bank informed you of the details. Since that same date, your bank have also printed your IBAN on your bank statement(s).
How would bank customers benefit from IBAN?
The main benefit of IBAN to the customer is the assurance that their transactions are being made to the correct account and processed efficiently with no delay. Since banks check the IBAN's accuracy at the point of payment initiation, they can only make payments that carry the correct IBAN.
Briefly explain IBAN for the UAE
According to the ISO-compliant IBAN Standards issued by the Central Bank of the UAE, all IBANs have a fixed length of 23 characters.
An IBAN has 3 components - the Country Code, the Check Digit and the Basic Bank Account Number
The country code (an IBAN's first and second characters) helps to identify the country in which the account resides. It contains the ISO two-letter country code 'AE' (the ISO country code for the UAE)
The Check Digits (an IBAN's third and fourth characters), generated by a bank in UAE, help to verify the IBAN internationally and ensure that the account number is correct - or otherwise.
The BBAN helps to identify a customer's account number, as well as their domestic bank. It comprises the Bank Identifier (which identifies the account holding bank) and the customer account number. In the case of the UAE, the Bank Identifier is the three digits following the Check Digits.
The remaining part of the BBAN is the customer account number, whose length in the IBAN is fixed as 16 characters. It can ONLY contain numbers (0 to 9).
What is the difference between an IBAN and a normal account number?
An IBAN can always be distinguished from a normal customer account number by the following:
Two letters at the beginning of the IBAN, which refer to the country code where the account resides;
Two numbers (in the third and fourth position of the IBAN), which represent the check digits;
Three numbers (after the check digits) to identify the respective bank where the beneficiary maintains his/her account; and
The length of the IBAN – 23 characters
Is there a standard way to write an IBAN?
When you write or print an IBAN on a document, it should be split into groups of four characters each, e.g.: AE07 0331 2345 6789 0123 456 to support easy recognition. The last group of the IBAN for a customer in the UAE contains three characters.
When entering the IBAN in an electronic payment message, there should be no spaces. The IBAN should be presented as a continuous string of characters i.e., AE070331234567890123456
Do the existing account numbers become invalid with the introduction of IBAN?
No. Your existing account number will continue to be valid. An IBAN is not a new account number; it simply represents the existing account number in an electronically-recognisable ISO standard format. The adoption of IBAN in the UAE does not require changing or replacing the existing account numbers.
For which transactions can an IBAN be used?
An IBAN can be used for the domestic and cross-border payments. Additionally, the IBAN is required for use in the Wages Protection System.
Is IBAN to be used only for international payments?
No. Customers must use an IBAN to make and receive international and domestic electronic payments.
What happens if we don't mention a beneficiary account as an IBAN?
Since 12 April 2012, banks started to process transfer requests which contain a valid IBAN account number. There may be additional rejection charges applied to transfers without a valid IBAN (applicable only for payments made to beneficiaries in the UAE).


text:
The Life of a Glacier
About Glaciers
Facts about glaciers
What is a glacier?
How are glaciers formed?
Why do they move?
Components of a glacier
Where are glaciers located?
What types of glaciers are there?
How do glaciers affect land?
Do glaciers affect people?
Are glaciers dangerous?
Glaciers and climate change
Glacier Photo Gallery
Glacier Types
Glacier Features
Glacier Landforms
Science and Data Resources
Data and imagery
Learn More, How to Cite
Mountain glaciers
Variegated Glacier is a valley glacier that winds through the Saint Elias Mountains in Alaska, terminating near Yakutat Bay. —Credit: Photograph by Austin Post. 1965. Variegated Glacier: From the Glacier Photograph Collection. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.
These glaciers develop in high mountainous regions, often flowing out of icefields that span several peaks or even a mountain range. The largest mountain glaciers are found in Arctic Canada, Alaska, the Andes in South America, and the Himalaya in Asia.
Valley glaciers
Commonly originating from mountain glaciers or icefields, these glaciers spill down valleys, looking much like giant tongues. Valley glaciers may be very long, often flowing down beyond the snow line, sometimes reaching sea level.
Tidewater glaciers
As the name implies, these are valley glaciers that flow far enough to reach out into the sea. Tidewater glaciers are responsible for calving numerous small icebergs, which although not as imposing as Antarctic icebergs, can still pose problems for shipping lanes.
Piedmont glaciers
A classic tidewater glacier, Lamplugh Glacier terminates in a small embayment in Alaska's Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. —Credit: Photograph by William Osgood Field. 1941. Lamplugh Glacier: From the Glacier Photograph Collection. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.
Piedmont glaciers occur when steep valley glaciers spill into relatively flat plains, where they spread out into bulb-like lobes. Malaspina Glacier in Alaska is one of the most famous examples of this type of glacier, and is the largest piedmont glacier in the world. Spilling out of the Seward Icefield, Malaspina Glacier covers about 3,900 square kilometers (1,500 square miles) as it spreads across the coastal plain.
Hanging glaciers
When a major valley glacier system retreats and thins, sometimes the tributary glaciers are left in smaller valleys high above the shrunken central glacier surface. These are called hanging glaciers. If the entire system has melted and disappeared, the empty high valleys are called hanging valleys.
Cirque glaciers
Cirque glaciers are named for the bowl-like hollows they occupy, which are called cirques. Typically, they are found high on mountainsides and tend to be wide rather than long.
Ice Aprons
These small, steep glaciers cling to high mountainsides. Like cirque glaciers, they are often wider than they are long. Ice aprons are common in the Alps and in New Zealand, where they often cause avalanches due to the steep inclines they occupy.
Rock Glaciers
This satellite image shows the Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica, in 1998, four years before the shelf disintegrated. Taken at the beginning of the Antarctic winter, the ice shelf is clearly visible. Notice that sea ice is forming over the ocean to the right the ice shelf. —Credit: NSIDC, data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
Rock glaciers sometimes form when slow-moving glacial ice is covered by debris. They are often found in steep-sided valleys, where rocks and soil fall from the valley walls onto the ice. Rock glaciers may also form when frozen ground creeps downslope.
Ice shelves
Ice shelves occur when ice sheets extend over the sea and float on the water. They range from a few hundred meters to over 1 kilometer (0.62 mile) in thickness. Ice shelves surround most of the Antarctic continent.
Icefields
Icefields are similar to ice caps, except that their flow is influenced by the underlying topography, and they are typically smaller than ice caps.
Ice caps are miniature ice sheets, covering less than 50,000 square kilometers (19,305 square miles). They form primarily in polar and sub-polar regions that are relatively flat and high in elevation.
Ice streams
The Southern Patagonian Ice Field spans the border between Argentina and Chile and covers 12,363 square kilometers (4,773 square miles). —Credit: NASA
Ice streams are large ribbon-like glaciers set within an ice sheet—they are bordered by ice that is flowing more slowly, rather than by rock outcrop or mountain ranges. These huge masses of flowing ice are often very sensitive to changes such as the loss of ice shelves at their terminus or changing amounts of water flowing beneath them. The Antarctic ice sheet has many ice streams.
Found now only in Antarctica and Greenland, ice sheets are enormous continental masses of glacial ice and snow expanding over 50,000 square kilometers (19,305 square miles). The ice sheet on Antarctica is over 4.7 kilometers (3 miles) thick in some areas, covering nearly all of the land features except the Transantarctic Mountains, which protrude above the ice. Another example is the Greenland Ice Sheet. In the past ice ages, huge ice sheets also covered most of Canada (the Laurentide Ice Sheet) and Scandinavia (the Scandinavian Ice Sheet), but these have now disappeared, leaving only a few ice caps and mountain glaciers behind.


Motorhomes are road vehicles with moving parts, wheels, chassis and brakes, all of which need to be serviced as recommended by the base vehicle's manufacturer.
But internal habitation equipment also needs to be serviced. Equipment like cookers, heaters, fridges and electrical installations - mains and battery - all need regular safety checks. And most manufacturers' equipment warranties remain valid only if you have an annual service, so it's important to protect your investment.
To be part of the Scheme, workshops must pass an annual inspection by a team of independent assessors and comply with the Scheme's rigorous standards - the right things done, to a high standard by the right people.
By choosing an Approved Workshop, you can be sure that the technician working on your touring caravan or motorhome is a fully qualified servicing professional, trained to nationally-recognised standards.
To find your nearest Approved Workshop, visit the Approved Workshop Scheme website.


RCSB PDB - 4LIU: Structure of YcfD, a Ribosomal oxygenase from Escherichia coli.
Deposition Author(s): Brissett, N.C., Doherty, A.J., Fox, G.C.
Chowdhury, R., Sekirnik, R., Brissett, N.C., Krojer, T., Ho, C.H., Ng, S.S., Clifton, I.J., Ge, W., Kershaw, N.J., Fox, G.C., Muniz, J.R., Vollmar, M., Phillips, C., Pilka, E.S., Kavanagh, K.L., von Delft, F., Oppermann, U., McDonough, M.A., Doherty, A.J., Schofield, C.J.


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May i know the latest manufacturing date of current batch of SK2 cellumination surge UV, if I order now.
Hi, after applying CELLUMINATION DAY SURGE UV do I need to apply makeup base before i apply my cc cream? Or the CELLUMINATION DAY SURGE UV can act as the makeup base?
The day surge is a moisturizer and sunscreen. Therefore you have to apply makeup base.
When is the manufactured date?
[Re] When is the manufactured date?
Hihi! Came to this website because the picture says $59.90 for the Cellumination Day UV Surge. Unfortunately when I add to cart, the price is $72. Please advice. Thanks!
The promotion of 59.90 is over.
Please advice when will the stocks be in for the Cellumination Day Surge please?
I've written about the unshipped item twice. It's been almost 2 weeks after ordering. I did not hear from you. Can you please help?
Hi, can i use the SK-II Cellumination Day Surge UV as a moisturazer after the toner or do i need to use the SK-II Cellumination Deep Surge before that?
Does the SK-II Cellumination Day Surge UV act as both moisturazer and sunblock?
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