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Quarter two Council Plan Overview Report
22/07/2022 - Published in plan, Executive Key Decisions (22 July 2022)
12/08/2022 - Published in plan, Executive Key Decisions (12 August 2022)
02/09/2022 - Published in plan, Executive Key Decisions (2 September 2022)
16/09/2022 - Published in plan, Executive Key Decisions (16 September 2022)
14/10/2022 - Published in plan, Executive Key Decisions (14 October 2022)
04/11/2022 - Published in plan, Executive Key Decisions (4 November 2022)
11/11/2022 - Published in plan, Executive Key Decisions (11 November 2022)
09/12/2022 - Published in plan, Executive Key Decisions (9 December 2022)
13/12/2022 - Published decision: Quarter Two Council Plan Overview Report
13/12/2022 - Agenda item, Executive Quarter Two Council Plan Overview Report 13/12/2022
20/12/2022 - Call-in period expired: Quarter Two Council Plan Overview Report


The coat racks remain a classic unavoidable, but beyond their functional aspect, they must also participate in your decoration. Often neglected, the coat racks win however to be in old wood, metal patinated or well painted with bright colors. You'll find something for every taste with brands such as Chehoma, Ib Laursen, Madam Stoltz, Athezza or Antic Line.


Barnes, K. R., Mcguigan, M. R., & Kilding, A. E. (2014). Lower-body determinants of running economy in male and female distance runners. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1289-1297.
Baxter, J., & Piazza, S. J. (2014). Plantar flexor moment arm and muscle volume predict torque-generating capacity in young men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(5), 538-544.
Mooses, M. (2014). Anthropometric and physiological determinants of running economy and performance from Estonian recreational to Kenyan national level distance runners. Doctor Thesis, Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences, Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Centre of Behavioural, Social, and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Sano, K., Nicol, C., Akiyama, M., Kunimasa, Y., Oda, T., Ito, A., Locatelli, E., Komi, P. V., & Ishikawa, M. (2015). Can measures of muscle–tendon interaction improve our understanding of the superiority of Kenyan endurance runners? European Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(4), 849-859.
Scholz, M. N., Bobbert1, M. F., van Soest, A. J., Clark, J. R., & van Heerden, J. (2008). Running biomechanics: shorter heels, better economy. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 211, 3266-3271.


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Home » Competitive Shooting
SPP Collegiate National Title Exchanges Hands for 3rd Year in a Row
Ammoland Inc.https://www.ammoland.com/ Posted on April 7, 2015 April 7, 2015 by DeltaOperatorMan
West Point Cadets Take Top Honors
West Point Cadets ; Photo credit to Alabama Privateers SPP team
Scholastic Pistol Program
Fort Benning, GA -(Ammoland.com)- The Scholastic Pistol Program (SPP) held its 2015 Collegiate National Championships on March 21, with nearly 20 squads from nine schools vying for titles in both the Varsity (centerfire) and Junior Varsity (rimfire) divisions.
The United States Army Marksmanship Unit (USAMU) hosted the event at Fort Benning's Krilling Range in Georgia. Schools competing this year were Eastern Kentucky University, University of Kentucky, University of Florida, Florida State University, Michigan State University, Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets, Southeastern Illinois College, University of Vermont, and United States Military Academy at West Point.
The Cadets from West Point took first place honors in the Varsity Division, outshooting powerhouse Texas A&M Corps of Cadets by a score of 188.04 to 190.11. The 2.07 winning margin is one of the closest finishes in SPP history and sent the coveted Daniel C. Hodne Trophy to a new home on the Hudson River. The University of Florida Centerfire Squad 1 outpaced the Kentucky Wildcats to take third place.
In the Junior Varsity Division, West Point took its second title of the day over a strong runner-up Michigan State Green Squad, with Texas A&M Maroon Squad coming in third.
"The United States Army Marksmanship Unit Action Shooting Team looks forward to the chance to interact with students and host the Scholastic Pistol Program's Collegiate Nationals every year," said SFC Michael J. Buss, Action Shooting Team Chief, USAMU. "Our world-class facilities get our team ready for matches around the country, as well as sharpen soldiers' marksmanship skills through training. These young shooters are the future of the sport and only add to the excellence demonstrated every day by soldiers on Fort Benning."
"The USAMU has been a great partner in helping grow SPP as well as the future of our sport," said Scott Moore, SPP National Director. "They have been gracious enough to support SPP on several projects. Krilling Range has become a second home for us!"
Full results from the SPP Collegiate National Championships are available at https://sssfonline.org/scholastic-pistol-program-spp/match-results/.
About Scholastic Pistol Program
SPP is supported, in part, by founding partners GLOCK, Smith & Wesson, Action Target, and Larry and Brenda Potterfield of MidwayUSA. Additional partners include Atlanta Arms & Ammunition, Brownells, Browning, GT Targets, NextLevel Training, PACT Timers, PARA USA, Pro Ears, Remington Arms, Rudy Project, Ruger, SIG SAUER Academy, Tactical Solutions, and Winchester Ammunition, among others.
About Scholastic Shooting Sports Foundation
The Scholastic Shooting Sports Foundation (SSSF) is responsible for all aspects of the Scholastic Clay Target Program (SCTP) and Scholastic Pistol Program (SPP) across the United States. SCTP and SPP are youth development programs, originally developed by the National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSSF), in which adult coaches and volunteers use shooting sports to teach and to demonstrate sportsmanship, responsibility, honesty, ethics, integrity, teamwork, and other positive life skills.
To learn more about SCTP or SPP, call 210-448-8946 or visit www.SSSFOnline.org.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Eagles' boss Alan Pardew has invested heavily in attacking options during the summer but, with his side having taken just one point and scored just one goal in the first three Premier League fixtures of the 2016/17 season, he could soon come under pressure. Scott Dann's injury-time equaliser gave his side their first point of the season against Bournemouth at Selhurst Park on their last Premier League outing, but Palace have now won just two games in the whole of 2016.
Record signing Christian Benteke, who joined the south London side from Liverpool for a reported £27 million, will need to make an immediate impact after the international break if Palace are to avoid being relegated from the Premier League for a record fifth time. At the time of writing, the Eagles are 1/4 to stay up and, with former Chelsea striker Loic Remy (loan) and former Newcastle team-mates Andros Townsend (£13 million) and Yohan Cabaye (£10 million) among the new faces at Selhurst Park, they look to have bright prospects of doing so.
The departure of winger Wilfried Zaha would be a blow, but a bid of £15million from Tottenham Hotspur was immediately rejected and now the England international looks set to stay at Selhurst Park. Crystal Palace have never finished higher than tenth in the Premier League, but anyone who fancies them to exceed expectations can back them at 5/1 for a top ten finish, or even 66/1 for a top six finish. Alan Pardew is, however, currently 4/1 favourite to be the next Premier League manager to leave his post.
Chelsea have won the Premier League title four times, most recently in 2014/15, but a turbulent start to the 2015/16 – in which the Blues lost nine of the their opening 16 Premier League matches – saw the departure of Jose Mourinho. Guus Hiddink was appointed head coach in December, with the club teetering on the brink of the relegation zone, and subsequently steered them to mid-table stability, but was replaced by former Italy coach Antonio Conte at the conclusion of the 2016 European Championship.
In their opening fixtures of the 2016/17 Premier League season, Chelsea have beaten West Ham 2-1 at Stamford Bridge and Watford 2-1 at Vicarage Road, but have relied on Diego Costa for a late winning goal on both occasions. Nevertheless, Eden Hazard has looked particularly sharp and creative, as have new signings Michy Batshauyi (from Marseille) and N'Golo Kante (from Leicester City).
Conte has spent £65 million, but is likely to pursue further signings, with Juventus defender Giorgio Chiellini, Napoli defender Kalidou Koulibaly, Real Madrid striker James Rodriguez and Juventus striker Mario Mandukic among those listed as potential transfer targets. Chelsea are currently 11/2 third favourites, behind the two Manchester clubs, to win their fifth Premier League title and, while the other new managers, Jose Mourinho and Pep Guardiola, will be keen to make their mark, Conte's iron discipline could be just what's needed at Stamford Bridge.
Liverpool have won the First Division of the English Football League 18 times but, since the formation of the Premier League in 1992/93, the Reds have managed three second-place finishes, in 2001/02, 2008/09 and 2013/14, but nothing better.
Nevertheless, Reds' boss Jurgen Klopp must have been delighted with an Premier League impressive debut by Sadio Mane, who scored the winner during the 4-3 defeat of Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium on the opening day of the season. Arsenal were without experienced defenders Laurent Koscielny, Per Mertesacker and Gabriel, but Liverpool took full advantage and are currently top-priced 17/2 to win their first Premier League title.
The blistering attacking play at one end was in complete contrast to the 'Keystone Kops' defending at the other, with beleaguered left-back Alberto Moreno the main, but far from the only, culprit. The Spaniard endured a woeful first half, in which he conceded a penalty and was again at fault when Theo Walcott scored moments later.
Liverpool face newly promoted Burnley at Turf Moor on their next Premier League outing and, while the Clarets' lack of clinical finishing was ultimately punished by Swansea in their opening fixture, they did create chances. Klopp will be hoping to resolve the Reds' defensive issues sooner rather than later, if they're to become bona fide title challengers this time.
Middlesbrough last played Premier League football in 2008/09 and are just 9/4 to make an immediate return to the Championship next season. However, Boro boss Aitor Karanka has made a raft of new signings as he seeks to bolster his squad ahead of the new season.
Former Aston Villa goalkeeper Brad Guzan has signed a two-year deal with the Premier League newcomers and will be joined at the Riverside Stadium by former Manchester United goalkeeper Victor Valdes, who has has signed on a two-year deal after being released by United in June. Other recent additions include defenders Bernado Espinosa from Sporting and Antonio Barragan from Valencia, defensive midfielder Marten de Roon from Atalanta, winger Viktor Fischer from Ajax and striker Alvaro Negredo, also from Valencia, on season-long loan. Karanka has said he's in no hurry to make further signings, but remains interested in Cardiff City defender Fabio Da Silva.
Captain Grant Leadbitter will miss the start of the Premier League season with a hernia problem and, in his absence, Karanka will do well to lick his new-look squad into shape, ready for the visit of Stoke City on the opening day, although pre-season results offer cause for optimism. Odds of 1,500/1 to win the Premier League title are probably not overgenerous but, more realistically, Boro are 9/1 to finish in the top ten and 66/1 to repeat their 2004 League Cup triumph.
Arsenal won the last of their three Premier League titles in 2003/04, when the so-called "Invincibles" played all 38 games without a single defeat. Nevertheless, despite enduring one of his most difficult seasons so far in 2015/16, Gunners' boss Arsene Wenger, the longest serving manager in European football, remains at the helm and his side are a top-priced 15/2 for the Premier League title in 2016/17.
Last year, the Gunners' title challenge faded rapidly amid mounting injuries and poor form, but they still pipped Tottenham Hotspur to second place and, in so doing, achieved their highest Premier League finish since 2004/05. In last year's summer transfer window, Arsenal signed goalkeeper Peter Cech, but no outfield players and, once again, Wenger and the board of directors have been criticised for lack of transfer activity. The signing of Switzerland midfielder Granit Xhaka from Borussia Monchengladbach for a reported £35 million and defender Rob Holding from Bolton Wanderers for a fee believed to be about £2 million is unlikely to satisfy critics, especially with centre-half Per Mertesacker due to miss the start of the Premier League season with a knee injury.
Wenger appears to be facing another difficult season, but the Gunners have won the F.A. Cup twice in the last three seasons and anyone who fancies them to do so again may fancy a punt at 9/1.


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/recommendto/form?webId=%2Fcontent%2Fjournals%2Fcis&title=Contemporary+Islamic+Studies&issn=2220-2757
Contemporary Islamic Studies — Recommend this title to your library
Contemporary Islamic Studies
oa Observations of the popularity and religious significance of blood-cupping (al-ḥijāma) as an Islamic medicine
By Ahmed El-Wakil1
Affiliations: 1 Independent researcher based in Qatar
Source: Contemporary Islamic Studies, Volume 2011, Issue 1, May 2011,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5339/cis.2011.2
Popular treatment of ailments and illnesses based on the Qur'ān and the Sunna of the Prophet Muḥammad continue to be practised in the Muslim world owing to their religious inspiration. It is not uncommon to find shops dedicated to selling different types of honey because the Qur'ān specifies that "in it is healing for mankind" [1], or for customers to purchase black seed oil on the basis of the ḥadīth that "it is a cure for everything but death" [2,3]. The belief of being possessed by a jinn, often as a result of black magic still prevails, especially for those whose ailments conventional medicine has fallen short of curing. Healers who recite the Qur'ān are often consulted to remove the jinn and annul any spells that may have been cast. In the context of the Qur'ānic and prophetic remedies that exist, taking into consideration the growing interest in complementary medicine, ḥijāma too has gained its fair share of attention as a credible religiously-rooted form of therapy for a wide range of diseases.
© 2011 El-Wakil, licensee Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Journals.
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Bondok, Sahbaa M. 2006. Cupping: The Great Missing Therapy. Cairo: Dar Al-Salam.
Brennan, Barbara Ann. 1988. Hands of Light: Guide to Healing Through the Human Energy Field. New York, Toronto, London, Sydney, Auckland: Bantam.
Faḍāla, Ḫālid Abu al-Futuwḥ. 2004. al- Ṭib al-Nabawy fil- Ṭadāwy wal-'Ilāj: al- Ṭib al-Jirāḥ y al-Ḥijāma. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-'Ilmyya lil-Našr wa al-Tawzi'.
al-Faḫrāny, Muṣṭafa Aḥmad Yuwnis. 2007. al-Šifa' bil-Ḥijāma. Cairo: Maktaba Jazyra al-Ward.
Graham, Helen. 1999. Complementary Therapies in Context: The Psychology of Healing. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Imām, Muṣṭafa Muḥammad. 2003. al-ḥijāma 'Ilāj Nabawy: al-Malzama al-Ṭ afṣ ylyya li-Nuḫ ba al-Ḥajjāmyn wa al-Ḥajjāmāt. Cairo: Maktaba Awālad al-Šayḫlil-Turāṯ.
Ja'far, Ġassān. 2005. Ṭib al-Ḥijāma: Kasāt al-Hawa'. Beirut: Dār al-Ḥarf al-'Araby.
al-Jazā'iry, al-Šayḫ Abu 'Abd al-Bāry 'Abd al-Ḥumayd Ibn Aḥmad al-'Araby al-'Aṯary and Abu Bakr Jābir al-Jazā'iry. 2002. Iblāġ al-Faḥāma bi-Fawā'id al-ḥijāma. 'Ajmān: Maktaba al-Furqān.
Jum'a, 'Amr. 2008. Mu'jiza al-Šifa' bil-Ḥijāma wa al-Faṣ d. Cairo: Maktaba al-Nāfiḏa.
Lad, Vasant. 1993. Ayurveda: The Science of Self-Healing - A Practical Guide. Twin Lakes: Lotus Press.
Moritz, Andreas. 2005. Timeless Secrets of Health and Rejuvenation. Landrum: Ener-Chi Wellness Press.
Moritz, Andreas. 2006. The Amazing Liver and Gallbladder Flush. Landrum: Ener-Chi Wellness Press.
Sandhu, Gunwant. 2004. Bleeding Out The Evil Spirits. The Proceedings of the 13th Annual History of Medicine Days. The University of Calgary: 270–275.
Turk, J. L., and Elizabeth Allen. 1983. Bleeding and Cupping. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 65(2)2: 128–131.
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5339/cis.2011.2
Keyword(s): black magic , blood cupping , bloodletting , cupping therapy , jinn possession and ḥijāma
content/journals/cis
10.5339/cis.2011.2


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The Punta Gorda Fish Company Ice House is a historic site near North Captiva Island, Florida. It is located at the north shore entrance to Safety Harbor. On April 20, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

See also
Punta Gorda Ice Plant

References

External links
 Lee County listings at National Register of Historic Places
 Lee County listings at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs

National Register of Historic Places in Lee County, Florida
Ice trade

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace BAG.Common.Mef
{
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    {

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Global Developments in Literacy Research for Science Education
Global Developments in Literacy Research for Science Education pp 113-130 | Cite as
The Content-Language Tension for English Language Learners in Two Secondary Science Classrooms
Jason S. Wu
Felicia Moore Mensah
Kok-Sing Tang
Investigating the use of native languages (L1) in secondary science remains an unaddressed need in global scientific literacy. While past research in this area has largely focused on primary school students, more clarity is needed on the role of secondary school students' L1 use in the classroom as the language of science becomes more specialized at a higher level. This chapter details two studies investigating L1 use in secondary science classrooms in New York and Singapore. The study employs qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, interviews, observation, and audio recording of student discourse. We find that the L1 can be used for learning scientific content, but is seen by some students as a hindrance to the acquisition of the majority language. This is seen when comparing in-class native language use and data from surveys and interviews. We propose that this reflects a content-language tension that exists in many linguistically diverse science classrooms. This tension highlights competing goals of content learning and acquisition of the majority language. We conclude with a discussion of implications for addressing scientific literacy on a global scale.
English learners English language learners translanguaging content-language tension content-based language instruction sheltered instruction secondary science
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1.Department of Mathematics, Science & TechnologyTeachers College, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
2.School of EducationCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
Wu J., Mensah F., Tang KS. (2018) The Content-Language Tension for English Language Learners in Two Secondary Science Classrooms. In: Tang KS., Danielsson K. (eds) Global Developments in Literacy Research for Science Education. Springer, Cham
eBook Packages Education


Best Payday Loans America are relatively smaller funding solution. These loans are short-term in nature and can be best used on your interim financial demands. Consumers take advantage of the financial product on daily basis, like paying the dues of pending phone bills, electricity bills, water bills, children's tuition fees, credit card bills etc. such loans are perfectly adapted to any kind of financial emergency that can be never be anticipated. You can apply for payday loans online and offline, though subscribing the loan online is securing precedence. You can have privilege of obtaining fund from $100 to $1,500.
The loan amount is then wired overnight into the applicant's checking account.
During an emergency, faxing document is a huge inconvenience. Instead, by applying for these money provisions, you can select a no-fax cash advance lender. The lender will only verify your employment-ability and banking information. As information is confirmed, the cash is deposited into your banking account. Later, the loan approval notification is received in some minutes. Fund is deposited on any business day. However, in some instances, money can be received within an hour too.
All of this, an applicant has to write off a post-dated cheque in the name of his creditor. The cheque contains the principle amount of the loan with some service fees. Your creditor waits for the time of your pay day to turn up. When it comes, the creditor transacts his loan amount. The wisest choice is simply to make use of the money package as the last chance and in times of your urgent need. While the deal lenders offer is great in times of need, the charge they stipulate can hurt a bit. The typical potential borrowers can shop around the best possible for best payday loans America.
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text:
Public Natural Resources Law
The parties to this case are the plaintiff Sierra Club which is an environmental group and the defendants composed of Mr. Lujan who is the Secretary of Interior and TW Recreational Services (The Sierra Club v. Lujan, et al.). This case involved the north rim of Grand Canyon where there was a planned construction of hotel and restaurant complex (The Sierra Club v. Lujan, et al.). In this case, the National Park Service (NPS) planned to build a new hotel complex on the North Rim and hence, entered into a contract in 1984 with a concessionaire, TW Recreational Services, Inc. (TW) (The Sierra Club v. Lujan, et al.). TW would be constructing a new hotel, which would include a restaurant, employee dining facility and other improvements (The Sierra Club v. Lujan, et al.). These improvements were, however, subject to the limitations and provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 as acknowledged in the contract. They further allege that snowmobiling and trail grooming caused air and noise pollution, threaten wildlife and endangered species, and create health threats to visitors and park employees (The Fund for Animals v. Norton). Defendants, on the other hand, argue that their own Management Policies are not binding on them (The Fund for Animals v. Norton). The NPS also posits that the use of guided group tours will mitigate snowmobiler interaction with wildlife and that limiting entries to 950 snowmobiles per day will greatly reduce the negative impacts of snowmobiles (The Fund for Animals v. Norton).
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Being closely associated with the local music scene and drumming community, it wasn't long before word started filtering through that Royal Blood were much more than your average indie rock group. As soon as we heard the demos, it was apparent that these guys had something a little bit special.
The music spoke for itself, but what immediately impressed was Ben's solid powerful style and confident, lean musicality. As well as being an all round lovely fella, his humble and professional attitude made up my mind to offer Ben his own signature snare drum.
Ben also owns this Movingui over smoked Eucalyptus which he calls 'The Cobra'.


Pantomime artist and self-taught non-lady harpist. Second-oldest of the Marx Brothers.
Well known comedian and wise guy. The third Marx Brother.
The fourth Marx Brother, Zeppo is known for playing the straight man in Marx Brothers' shows. He later became a successful businessman and inventor.
Groucho Marx is probably the most well known of the Marx Brothers, famous for his sharp wit. This is a version of Groucho without his iconic greasepaint moustache and eyebrows.
Actor, comedian and pianist. Oldest of the Marx brothers.


text:
Soup.io > News > Technology > Ravindra Patel Discusses Game-Changing Tech in Data Analysis
Ravindra Patel Discusses Game-Changing Tech in Data Analysis
By Cristina Macias January 7, 2022 No Comments8 Mins Read
Many of our readers no doubt already understand the immense importance of data analysis within the contemporary business landscape.
Wide-scale data collection has become completely normalized, and there are new means of collecting various types of valuable data.
Data itself is assumed to be valuable, and it is, but in practice, that value needs to be revealed via the process of data analysis.
With relevant context and analysis, data becomes valuable information, but given the truly incredible amounts of data that are being collected by various businesses and organizations, it would be nearly impossible for data analysts to analyze all available data in an accurate and efficient fashion.
But as is the case in so many other areas of professional life, emerging technologies are streamlining data analysis, which means that larger and larger data sets can now be analyzed with greater accuracy.
But this is only a cursory overview of data analysis in the modern day. For details and further discussion of specific emerging technologies that are poised to change the data analysis game, we turn to data analyst and researcher Ravindra Patel.
With multiple post-graduate degrees in hand, Patel has built a successful career in data analysis and research, staying up-to-date on the technologies that are making waves in data analysis right now and looking forward to the inevitable future changes.
With Patel's assistance, this article will provide brief overviews of some of the most exciting technologies in the data analysis space, including digital threads, data catalogs, Big Data, data intelligent software, AI machine learning, relational databases, and AutoML.
But first, an explanation of data analysis' wide-ranging utility.
The utility of data analysis
Digital threads
Patel described digital threads like this:
Data catalogs
Data intelligence software
Patel elaborates:
AI machine learning
In case there was any doubt about the usefulness of data analysis across multiple industries, Patel explained just how advanced data analysis has become and how it helps businesses to analyze information and obtain valuable insights.
Also, this can all be accomplished more quickly than ever before thanks to the integration of some of the technologies we'll be talking about momentarily, including, in particular, machine learning.
"Data analysis has lots of features that can help an organization to grow its revenue by making the right decision through analyzing data. Charts, maps, and diagrams can be used to interpret and present data. In short, data science and machine learning are using a predictive method to create a simple system and work smartly to achieve a goal with less effort and optimal performance."
So the goal, it would seem, is to intelligently predict future conditions to enable more agile business decisions.
But how is all of this made possible? That's right, it's time to dive into the details. Here are some of the most significant technologies shaking up data analysis right now.
One of the major challenges of data analysis today is managing the large amounts of data that have already been collected and finding ways to access relevant data precisely when it's needed.
Digital threads are making that much easier, though explaining exactly how they work is difficult. Rather, digital threads are best understood in practice.
Digital threads are a way of organizing all data relevant to a specific entity or asset.
"A digital thread construct is a live, integrated repository and audit trail of real-time data generated across the end-to-end lifecycle of data entities such as products, employees, and customers."
Otherwise, one of these entities, like a product, might generate data that gets spread out across different functions or areas. Digital threads make it far easier to access the right data about one of these entities at the right time.
These threads are one type of tool that makes it easier to organize the vast amounts of data already collected.
Continuing in the area of organizing data, data catalogs are another key technology in data analysis.
As you can tell from the name, data catalogs are based around the idea of a catalog, a complete record of all entries in a specific category.
Comprehensive mail-order catalogs of bygone decades listed a store's entire available inventory, and now data catalogs use metadata to provide views of available data.
Once again, this makes it far easier to find data when it's needed.
As Patel explains below, these catalogs are currently popular with different types of users.
"Data catalogs, which provide centralized views, via metadata, of data assets across enterprises, are emerging as competitive tools used by data managers and business users alike."
Beyond the basic organization and management of data, data catalogs can also allow individual users or groups of users to collect, access, and enrich metadata which can then aid in the processes of data discovery and data governance.
The next game-changer is something called data intelligence software, and it requires a brief explanation of the underlying concept.
Data intelligence, on its own, refers to using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to analyze data and transform it into what are called intelligent data insights.
Intelligent data insights are, in other words, lessons learned from existing data once it has been analyzed.
Data intelligence software, then, is software that supports data intelligence. It's software that makes it easier to utilize data-driven decision-making.
"Data intelligence software provides a flexible, automated framework that enables the identification, understanding, control of, and insights from your data estate, facilitating enterprise data coordination."
Data intelligence software is a significant step forward for data analysis because it offers a ready-made solution to those who otherwise wouldn't know how to use AI and ML to analyze their data.
A common example given elsewhere online is how CRM software (customer relationship management) software steadily became commonplace for many public-facing businesses.
In a similar fashion, data intelligence software, or DI software, is becoming integrated into many businesses, as it makes data analysis much simpler and easier for companies still relatively unacquainted with Big Data.
The final technology we'd like to discuss here is more abstract and versatile than any of the others mentioned here.
Even if you aren't involved directly with Big Data in your career, you have most likely still heard the terms artificial intelligence and machine learning thrown around quite a lot in the past twenty years.
Here, we're specifically talking about machine learning that is powered by AI technology. More specifically still, we're referring to ML tech that is applied directly to the field of data analysis.
An idea that we've returned to again and again in this article is how collected data is too vast and complex for humans to effectively analyze on their own.
Could individual data analysts, in theory, analyze vast amounts of data without the assistance of advanced technology? Yes, but the process would take so long that the results would likely be outdated, and there would be a much higher chance of encountering errors.
That's exactly why automation is the name of the game here, and AI-driven machine learning is an especially exciting frontier.
Machine learning functions could potentially solve many problems and even further streamline the data analysis processes currently being used.
Patel confirms just how important AI machine learning is and will continue to be in the years to come.
"Al machine learning data functions will be profound, especially if an enterprise seeks to use data-driven decision-making. A data analyst uses the data from these game-changing technologies to generate meaningful insights for better decision-making."
That's the ultimate goal of successful data analysis, of course: making intelligent decisions based on information that's verified by hard data.
We definitely haven't seen the full extent of what machine learning can offer to not only data analysis but many other areas of business as well, which is a major reason behind the palpable excitement that many feel for machine learning these days.
This has been only a brief look at some of the technologies that are currently changing the data analysis field and which promise to lead to even more exciting changes in the future.
Aside from the most immediate lesson, that technology can improve the speed and accuracy of data analysis many times over, there's a lot to learn from current data analysis technologies.
Perhaps most compelling of all is the way in which many of these technologies have made advanced data analysis accessible to many more businesses and individuals.
Just a few years ago, data analysis was much more expensive and exclusive, but that's changing.
Data-driven decision-making seems poised to become the norm for many businesses and organizations, and by all counts, that's a positive evolution of current decision-making norms, and both businesses and their customers stand to benefit.
Thank you for joining us and special thanks to Ravindra Patel for his assistance and expertise.
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Expectant moms will have a new option in prenatal care thanks to a grant awarded to Augusta Health Care for Women by the Piedmont/Shenandoah Valley Division of the March of Dimes. The grant of over $40,000 will be used to initiate and support a Centering Pregnancy® Program at AHCFW. This grant is one of many that the March of Dimes has awarded in pursuit of its mission to prevent birth defects and infant mortality.
Developed by Centering Healthcare Institute, Centering Pregnancy® is being offered across the country including University affiliated groups such as the University of Kentucky, Vanderbilt University, University of California and Virginia Commonwealth University. March of Dimes commitment to Centering Pregnancy® is based in part on the results of a study conducted at Yale and Emory Universities which indicated prenatal care provided in this format was found to lower the risk of preterm birth by as much as 33 percent.
"Augusta Health Care for Women has always been a forward thinking group of professionals and is committed to providing access to the most-up-to-date healthcare options of proven effectiveness. Our partnership with the March of Dimes and Centering Healthcare Institute is an integral part of our efforts to aid in healthier moms and full-term babies," said Angie McMillan, practice manager.
Centering Pregnancy® brings expectant moms and their support partners out of the exam room and into an interactive setting. This innovative, total-care approach not only provides the necessary prenatal medical care, evaluation and monitoring, but also empowering education and emotional support. The program provides the same level of prenatal care provided in the traditional office setting, allows additional time for education about pregnancy related issues, and encourages sharing among participants.
Mothers-to-be will have an initial confirmation of pregnancy appointment with their health care provider and then have the option of traditional one-on-one care or can chose to take advantage of the Centering Pregnancy® Program.
"We will use the March of Dimes grant as seed money to meet our objective of providing mothers and babies with Centering Pregnancy®," indicated certified nurse midwife Mary Kwiecinski. "We are grateful to those volunteers who support the March of Dimes by participating in events like March for Babies and who donate in other ways. Those donations and participation make this grant possible", she added.
The March of Dimes is a national voluntary health agency whose mission is to improve the health of babies by preventing birth defects, premature birth, and infant mortality. Founded in 1938, the March of Dimes funds programs of research, community services, education, and advocacy to save babies and in 2003 launched a campaign to address the increasing rate of premature birth. For more information, visit the March of Dimes website at www.marchofdimes.com or its Spanish language website at www.nacersano.org.


text:
Browsing Journal of Range Management, Volume 23, Number 3 (May 1970) by Authors
Journal of Range Management, Volume 23, Number 3 (May 1970)
Grazing Habits, Diet and Performance of Sheep on Alpine Ranges
Strasia, C. A.; Thorn, M.; Rice, R. W.; Smith, D. R. (Society for Range Management, 1970-05-01)
An Alpine range, average elevation 3,200m, was divided. One portion was fenced and sheep were allowed to graze it freely, the other was managed by a herder. The grazing season was for 60 days during July and August. Diet samples for botanical analyses were collected by esophageal fistulated sheep. Generally the grazing behavior of the free sheep was similar to the herded group except that the band was somewhat more loosely organized in the absence of a herder. Nitrogen and in vitro digestibility of diet samples were slightly lower and fiber and cellulose slightly higher from the free grazed sheep. There were no differences in the botanical composition of diet samples from the two groups. The sheep ate more forbs early in the grazing period. They were more selective in choice of grass and sedge species than in choice of forb species eaten. There were no differences in lamb gains during the grazing period.


Nikolaj Coster-Waldau (aka Jaime Lannister) spoke about what to expect between him and Cersei in Season 7 of "Game of Thrones"
It sounds like things are about to get super complicated between Jamie and Cersei Lannister when Game of Thrones returns for Season 7.
Given that we now know when Game of Thrones is finally returning (it's July 16th, fyi), it's safe to say that we're pretty pumped to return to Westeros. Of course we know that Season 7 (and now Season 8) of the show will be shorter than usual, with just seven episodes instead of the usual 10, which means that the drama is going to have to be tightly packed (and you know there's gonna be a lot of drama given that we're heading into the show's home run).
Well, teasing some of the drama is Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, who plays Jamie Lannister on the show.
Speaking to The Daily Beast, Coster-Waldau teased that things between Cersei and Jamie would become more complicated (if possible) when Game of Thrones returns.
Continuing, he teased what fans could expect after last season's shocking finale.
"[Jamie's] not like his sister and brother, but he's been on the battlefield his whole life, and knows about people's weaknesses and loving someone unconditionally—because he loves his sister unconditionally. Plus, there are no other suitors. Well, that's not true… but he has to step up and take his father's place," he said, before adding: "Wow, I was about to reveal something from Season 7 and thought, 'What am I doing?'"
Coster-Waldau also spoke about Jamie's relationship with Brienne of Tarth.
Tbh, we'd love to see Jamie and Brienne get together as things progressed. There's also a theory that Jamie will kill Cersei to protect Brienne, which is a theory that seems to have some weight behind it.
Regardless, there's not too long to wait now until Game of Thrones returns to our screens and all of these mysteries are revealed.


may not link statically to this second library instead of dynamically.
Although that does not appear obvious, it makes sense.
other suggestions to cut down startup time?
> gcc is all or nothing unlike ld... "gcc -shared blah.c -static -lm"
> gives you libm dynamically linked.
> but they appear optional.
> >>opposite. cpp is the C preprocessor... not the c++ compiler.
> > does not "fall back" to libm.a, the default must be static, then?
> > (which sounds like a long time ago, but is not).
> > there which are true compilers.
> > when the executable is created, which was the point being discussed.
> > Nothing more. That, of course, if you do not invoke ld directly.


Bobbie Jo Merten has the unique distinction of participating in four sports at Marian.
She is the softball program's all-time leader in runs scored (133) and steals (18), as well as second in hits (193) and triples (16). She led the Sabres to back-to-back NCAA tournament appearances in 2002 and 2003 and was a fixture on the 2004 Lake Michigan Conference regular season championship team that finished 10-2 in conference play. Bobbi Jo was a three-time All-LMC selection, earning the awards during her sophomore, junior and senior campaigns. As a junior she earned National Fastpitch Coaches Association First-Team accolades and was placed on its second team as a sophomore and senior.
On the basketball court she was an ultimate team player. A skilled defender, Bobbi Jo finished her career with 168 steals and is seventh on the Marian career list. On the other end of the court Bobbi Jo showcased her ability to distribute the basketball. She completed her Sabre career with 188 assists and is No. 10 on the career list and helped lead the Sabres to four LMC tournament appearances.
In soccer she was a two time All-LMC selection and ranks 10th all-time in total points with 24 goals and 16 assists. Bobbi Jo also helped lead the Sabres to four LMC tournament appearances.
On the golf course she is tied for third all-time with 28 rounds played.


Victories come in all shapes and sizes. Sometimes they're big (like a new job) or small (like not spilling your morning coffee). We celebrate with friends, put them on the fridge and put them on our resumes. Victories are the spice of life. For our HIPsters and their families, that's no different.
Over the course of the past 8 years, we've made amazing strides as an organization, growing from an inaugural class of 10 HIPsters to a current student population of over 400. Along the way, there have been some AMAZING victories, and we're so excited to announce that we'll be sharing these with you over the course of the next month. Beginning this Friday, we'll feature a different HIPster or My Possibilities Staff member here on the blog and on our social media channels. Check back in with us later this week and get ready to reimagine what's possible with our first post in the #BigLittleVictories series.


text:
Q: Central Limit Theorem Characteristic function convergence So I was recently looking through a proof of the central limit theorem using the expansion of characteristic function, and came to a point where the step was to show that the $$\lim_{n\to\infty}(1-\frac{t^2}{2n}+O(\frac{1}{n^{3/2}}))^n=\exp[{{\frac{-t^2}{2}}]}$$  This expansion is the representation of $E[\exp(\frac{itx}{\sqrt{n}})]$ with the first two moments plugged in $(0,1)$. I see how the first two elements of the limit argument converge exactly to the answer, but am struggling to come to a proof of how the entire argument does. So far I've come to the idea of using the binomial expansion by grouping the first two terms separate from the rest of the infinite series e.g. $$\lim_{n\to\infty}[(1-\frac{t^2}{2n})^n+n(1-\frac{t^2}{2n})^{n-1}(f(n))+\cdots]$$  where $f(n)$ is standing in for the infinite series involving larger and larger denominator values of $n$, but am completely lost.  I am looking to see if someone could tell me if I'm headed in the right direction, or if I'm completely off the mark.

A: The justification of the result
$$
\lim_{n\to\infty}(1-\frac{t^2}{2n}+O(\frac{1}{n^{3/2}}))^n=\exp[{{\frac{-t^2}{2}}]}
$$
is more subtle than it looks because the characteristic function involves complex numbers. So this isn't a real analysis problem! You need a theorem about a sequence of complex numbers converging to an exponential. This one should work: If $z_n \to z$ then $(1+z_n/n)^n \to e^z$ .

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Battle Of Plassey (1757): A Turning Point In India's History
It is claimed that the British rule in India actually begun after the British defeated the Nawab of Bengal at Plassey in the Battle of Plassey.
Lord Clive meeting with Mir Jafar after the Battle of Plassey
The Battle of Plassey was a war fought between the British East India Company and the Nawab of Bengal and his close allies who were mainly the French troops. The battle was won on June 23, 1757, leading to the consolidation of the British in Bengal and later expanding other territories of India. The Battle of Plassey was fought at Palashi, on the banks of the Bhagirathi River near Calcutta and Murshidabad which was the public capital of Bengal. The Battle of Plassey was more of skirmishes than a battle according to some historians who were part of the seven years' war fought in India by the British.
Background Of The Battle Of Plassey
The Company had a strong presence in India and were located in three main stations; Fort St. George, Fort William, and Bombay Castle. The stations or camps were under the stewardship of the president and a council which was appointed by the directors in England. The British allied themselves with the Nawabs and princes in exchange for security against rebels and any form of external and internal attack. The Nawabs would give concession in return for their safety and protection. The French also established the French East Indian Company with two central stations; one in Bengal and the other in Carnatic both under the leadership of the presidency. The French became a threat to the British and poised to overtake them in India. The eruption of the War of the Austrian Succession which took place from 1740 to 1748 marked the start of a struggle for supremacy between the British and the French in the Indian subcontinent. However, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748 stopped the direct hostility between the British and the French powers.
The treaty did not last long before the two powers were again involved in indirect hostilities. The feud between the powers was for the succession of the position of Nawab and Nazam with both powers nominating their candidates for both posts. In both cases, the French candidates usurped the position through manipulations and assassinations. When Alvardi Khan who was the Nawab of Bengali died in April 1756, his son Siraj-Ud-daula succeeded him. The young Nawab immediately laid siege to Calcutta capturing it and imprisoning several British officials in June 1756. The news of the fallen Calcutta reached Madras in August 1756 with the council quickly sending the expedition of forces under the command of Colonel Clive to confirm the report and try and salvage the city. Clive managed to drive out Siraj and his army by early January 1757.
Conspiracy Against Siraj
Clive, the commander of the Company's forces, concluded that the only way to secure the interest of the Company was to replace Siraj with a friendly Nawab. General Mir Jafar was found as a possible replacement. After series of complicated negotiations and promises of bribes to the parties involved, a secret agreement was passed through the women's quarter to Mir Jafar's residence. By this time there was also growing dissatisfaction against the Siraj in his court. The traders in Bengal were in constant fear that their wealth under Nawab was not secure as was under his father's reign. The Seths who were the traders secretly met with Mir Jafar and agreed to support him for the position of Nawab in exchange for the protection of their wealth. However, the conspiracy to dethrone Siraj was nearly spoilt by Omichund who was Nawab's confidential servant except for the intervention of Clive in deceiving Omichund into signing a false agreement that would have benefitted him if he kept quiet.
The Grand March To Plassey
On June 12, 1757, Clive assembled more than 2,000 armed forces with sophisticated artilleries at Chandernagar. The army under the command of Clive set out for Murshidabad the following day with Clive sending messengers to Nawab declaring his intention to march into the city to lodge complaints regarding the treaty of February 9 with the Nawab's government. Siraj immediately ordered his army to move to Plassey with the army reaching the ordered destination on June 21, 1757. On June 23, Clive and his army also reached the villages of Plassey and immediately occupied Laksha Bagh which was an adjoining grove enclosed by a ditch and a mud wall. The grove was near the Nawab's entrenchment. The French under Jean Law reached Plassey two days after the British with their army lying behind the entrenchment.
The Battle Of Plassey
On June 23, 1757, at daybreak, the Nawab's army emerged from their camps and started to advance towards the grove. Their army consisted of about 40,000 with war-elephants and over 50 cannons. The Nawab's army also consisted of 50 French artillerymen. Mir Madan Khan and Mohan Lal commanded about 7,000 army officials while the rest of the army was commanded by Rai Durlabh and Mir Jafar. Clive who was commanding the British Army anticipated the news of Mir Jafar taking his side, but all was in vain.The French artillery fired the first shot which acted as a signal for the Nawab's army to engage in a heavy and continuous fire. The British forces opposed the French and Nawab's fires using their artilleries by targeting the Calvary divisions. After three hours of intense fighting, the British army retreated to re-strategize. During the retreat, there was a heavy downpour with the British taking precaution to protect their ammunition while the Nawab army was not taking any precaution. The rains reduced the effectiveness of the Nawab's weapons. Rendered ineffective by the rains, the Nawab army retreated while Siraj and 2000 members of the armed forces fled Plassey for safety with the British entering the enemy's camp at about 5 pm.
Casualties And Effects Of The Battle
According to Clive, the British lost 22 men while 50 were wounded. The Nawab army lost about 500 men including several key officials and suffered several causalities and the exact numbers were not confirmed. Siraj was killed by his people and was replaced by Mir Jafar. Clive became an efficient master of Bengal and supported the new Nawab. The French became insignificant in Bengal. The British installed puppet governments in various parts of India leading to the atrocities by the British East Indian Company. The British drew a treaty with Mir Jafar which allowed the British to acquire all land within the Maratha Ditch and the land between Calcutta and the sea. Omichund who had been tricked with a treaty to keep him silent became insane when he realized that he would not get anything or benefit from the treaty between Mir Jafar and the British.
By Joyce Chepkemoi
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text:
Seven in Seven: The week in shows for Nov. 11
Photo courtesy of David McClister Futurebirds
By Michael Christopher |
PUBLISHED: November 5, 2018 at 10:17 a.m. | UPDATED: September 23, 2021 at 9:18 a.m.
Welcome to Seven in Seven, where each Friday we'll be taking a look at shows coming to the region over the next week. Whether your musical tastes are rock and roll, jazz, heavy metal, singer-songwriter or indie, there'll always be something to check out in the coming days.
Here are seven of the best for the week beginning Nov. 11:
Ingested – Nov. 11 at The Voltage Lounge
Manchester, England crew Ingested have built a reputation as one of the most savage death metal acts to come out of the UK for a long time. Punishing beat-downs, epic riffage, guttural vocals and blistering speed are just some of the weapons in the band's musical arsenal. This past spring saw them continue their sonic assault with the release of their latest LP, The Level Above Human, their first album in three years which was without a doubt worth the wait.
Palaye Royale – Nov. 11 at Underground Arts
Canadian fashion-rock trio Palaye Royale is a much-needed shot of adrenaline into the modern musical landscape. Summoning a thrilling spirit, with throwback sonic crunch, visual flair, and reckless live performances, the group has quickly earned a legion of obsessive cult-like loyalists, lovingly dubbed "Soldiers of the Royal Council." Back in 2014, they had the distinction of being the first unsigned act to not only compete in, but win MTV's "Musical March Madness." Having relocated first to Las Vegas and now making their home Los Angeles, the threesome have put themselves smack in the heart of a scene which will hopefully continue their upward trajectory.
Obey the Brave – Nov. 11 at Reverb
Metalcore outfit Obey the Brave regularly churn out anthems of empowerment born of adversity. It's the songs that embolden the spirit and exorcise personal demons, whether in the pit or on a day's commute. Last year's Mad Season LP demonstrated a true artistic evolution for the band. Part of that progression included the introduction of singing vocals alongside the genre's traditional screaming. Yet it wasn't "emo" crooning, instead more akin to the raspy declarations of Rise Against and old-school punk. Despite the comparisons, Obey the Brave are truly an entity to their own, carving out a path that no doubt many will follow in the future.
The Alarm – Nov. 13 at Sellersville Theater 1894
Having first formed in 1981 in Wales, new wave alt-rockers The Alarm has been heard around the world with 17 Top 50 UK singles, a host of successful albums and over six million sales worldwide. It's a career that has also seen founding member Mike Peters sing on stage with the likes of Bob Dylan, Neil Young, Bruce Springsteen and U2. The band broke up in 1991, but Peters reformed a version of the group in 1999, and they've been together ever since, releasing a new studio album, Equals, earlier this year.
Emery – Nov. 13 at Voltage Lounge
DIY has never been more embodied than by one of the hardest working post-hardcore acts in the industry, Emery. Choosing to go their own way after a fruitful and longstanding relationship with Tooth & Nail Records, vocalist Toby Morrell and guitarist Matt Carter embarked on their own dream, forming BadChristian. a media entity now acting as record label, blog, and podcast. The band then brought their incendiary live shows to living rooms, coffee shops and parking lots in addition to the more traditional club tours, of which this Philly date is just the latest example.
Austin Lucas – Nov. 14 at Kung Fu Necktie
It's been over two decades since singer/songwriter Austin Lucas packed his bags and left Bloomington, Indiana, the Midwestern town where he spent his childhood years falling in love with rock and roll, embracing his punk roots, and standing his ground whenever intolerant locals didn't understand his way of life. This year's Immortal Americans LP is Lucas' homecoming album, created during a whirlwind period of tumult and regrowth. With its gothic heartland sound and autobiographical lyrics, it's also his at his most honest work, rooted in a string of largely unamplified anthems that don't rely on electricity to pack a punch.
Futurebirds – Nov. 14 at Boot & Saddle
A decade isn't exactly a lot of time in the music industry, but Futurebirds have filled those 10 years with a whole lot of living. Laying down their shoe-gazing country, harmonious psychedelia, and barnstorming, ragged rock both on record and in person, the Athens-based band landed a delicate balance on their 2015 LP Hotel Parties, their third full-length record that explored the toils, joys, and struggles exposed by at the time six years doing one thing so intensely. This year though, they decided to embark on a celebration of sorts, one that commemorates said decade in a business that can be more than unforgiving at times.
Michael Christopher
'Harleysville Hank' to make prediction Feb. 2
Zoren: 'Poker Face' with Natasha Lyonne new show worth watching


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text:
package com.cloud.api.command.admin.volume;

import com.cloud.api.APICommand;
import com.cloud.api.APICommandGroup;
import com.cloud.api.ApiErrorCode;
import com.cloud.api.ResponseObject.ResponseView;
import com.cloud.api.ServerApiException;
import com.cloud.api.command.user.volume.UploadVolumeCmd;
import com.cloud.api.response.VolumeResponse;
import com.cloud.legacymodel.exceptions.ConcurrentOperationException;
import com.cloud.legacymodel.exceptions.InsufficientCapacityException;
import com.cloud.legacymodel.exceptions.NetworkRuleConflictException;
import com.cloud.legacymodel.exceptions.ResourceAllocationException;
import com.cloud.legacymodel.exceptions.ResourceUnavailableException;
import com.cloud.legacymodel.storage.Volume;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

@APICommand(name = "uploadVolume", group = APICommandGroup.VolumeService, description = "Uploads a data disk.", responseObject = VolumeResponse.class, responseView = ResponseView.Full, entityType =
        {Volume.class},
        requestHasSensitiveInfo = false, responseHasSensitiveInfo = false)
public class UploadVolumeCmdByAdmin extends UploadVolumeCmd {
    public static final Logger s_logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UploadVolumeCmdByAdmin.class.getName());

    @Override
    public void execute() throws ResourceUnavailableException,
            InsufficientCapacityException, ServerApiException,
            ConcurrentOperationException, ResourceAllocationException,
            NetworkRuleConflictException {

        final Volume volume = _volumeService.uploadVolume(this);
        if (volume != null) {
            final VolumeResponse response = _responseGenerator.createVolumeResponse(ResponseView.Full, volume);
            response.setResponseName(getCommandName());
            setResponseObject(response);
        } else {
            throw new ServerApiException(ApiErrorCode.INTERNAL_ERROR, "Failed to upload volume");
        }
    }
}


text:
Roberta Meloni reminds us why the Radical Design movement was so awesome
By Wava Carpenter
Roberta Meloni, Founder of Centro Studi Poltronova
Photo © Centro Studi Poltronova
Gae Aulenti and her Sgarsul Rocker for Poltronova (1962)
Photo © Di Mari; courtesy of Centro Studi Poltronova
Divano Califfo by Ettore Sottsass for Poltronova (1964)
Photo © A.Fioravanti ed E.Sottsass; courtesy of Centro Studi Poltronova
Saratoga Sofa by Massimo and Lella Vignelli for Poltronova (1964)
Superarchitettura Promotional Posters (1966 & 1967)
Sofo Sofa by Superstudio for Poltronova (1966)
Superonda Sofa by Archizoom for Poltronova (1966)
Sarfari Sofa by Archizoom for Poltronova (1968)
Photo © Dario Bartolini; courtesy of Centro Studi Poltronova
Mies Lounge & Sanremo Lamp by Archizoom for Poltronova (1968)
Joe Chair by De Pas D'Urbino and Lomazzi for Poltronova (1970)
Ultrafragola by Ettore Sottsass for Poltronova (1970)
Ettore Sottsass's Mobili Grigi Collection for Poltronova (1970)
Aromatico Table, Malatesta Chairs, and Unisex Cabinets by Ettore Sottsass for Poltronova (1970)
Photo © A fioravanti ed E.Sottsass; courtesy of Centro Studi Poltronova
Ofelia, Spera, and Vanitas by Superstudio for Poltronova (1967)
Roberta Meloni with Lella and Massimo Vignelli in 2006
Roberta Meloni with photographer Antonio Carloni and Dario Bartolini and Gilberto Corretti of Archizoom in 2014
Photo © Antonio Carloni; courtesy of Centro Studi Poltronova
Roberta Meloni on a Superonda Sofa in 2015
Roberta Meloni and Gilberto Corretti of Archizoom in 2014
Roberta Meloni working on the recreation of the 1966 Superarchitettura exhibition, at the Maxxi Museum in 2016
Italian Saratoga Sofa by Massimo and Lella Vignelli for Poltronova, 1985
Vintage Italian Armchairs from Poltronova, 1960s, Set of 2
In today's bizarre political climate, it's heartening to speak with a woman who holds fast to her ideals. Since her time studying architecture at the University of Florence in the 1980s, Roberta Meloni has remained a champion of the most uplifting principles of Radical Design—like the primacy of collaboration, creativity, and freedom of expression. As the CEO of Centro Studi Poltronova, she has also headed efforts to preserve the artifacts of 1960s-era design counterculture while continuing to produce its iconic objects, including Archizoom's Superonda Sofa (1967), Ettore Sottsass's Ultrafragola (1970), and De Pas D'Urbino & Lomazzi's Joe Chair (1970), to name a few. Her story is one of fighting for what you believe in.
Throughout the 1960s and '70s, many Italian furniture companies embraced the anti-design zeitgeist, but none quite so wholeheartedly as Poltronova. This was thanks to both its art-loving founder and the luck of location. Sergio Cammilli founded Poltronova just north of Florence in 1957. The following year, he turned over its artistic direction to the visionary, young Sottsass, who at the time was designing ceramics for Tuscany-based Bitossi.
In the early years, Poltronova produced stylish furnishings in a modernist, somewhat Scandinavian idiom, but both Cammilli and Sottsass wanted to do something more daring. Their proximity to Florence meant they had front row seats to the theatrical happenings organized by the city's iconoclastic architecture students. Deeply inspired by Superstudio and Archizoom's now-legendary Superarchitettura exhibition, presented at Galleria Jolly 2 in Pistoia in 1966, Cammilli and Sottsass enlisted the young rebels to produce collections for Poltronova. They also asked Archizoom to design the company's new factory and to program events at the headquarters, which included a poetry reading and meditation workshop led by poet Allen Ginsberg. And so, the course of design history was forever changed.
"During the first 20 years that Cammilli directed Poltronova, the company had a clear and sharp identity, combining progressive design with new technologies and high quality handcraft," explains Meloni. But after he and Sottsass left in the 1970s, new management teams invested in more industrial and commercial directions, hoping to turn greater profits. By 1985, Poltronova was unrecognizable and struggled to find an audience—until Meloni took action to save it.
WC: Tell us about the path that led you to Poltronova.
RM: In 1985, I was attending the Faculty of Architecture in Florence. Thanks to the lessons of Professor Gianni Pettena [one of the Radical movement's renowned protagonists] and Andrea Branzi's famous book La Casa Calda, I fell in love with Poltronova. I wrote my thesis on the company and worked with the archives for some time. By the mid-1990s, I had managed to become a stakeholder and took up a battle against the CEO, determined to resurrect and preserve Poltronova's legacy. I also started working side-by-side with the artisans in the factory, learning all I could about the products, materials, and technical processes.
In 2000, with the help of Ettore Sottsass, I become the owner. I started to organize the archive with the aim to re-edit products that were no longer in production and to produce ones that had never gotten past the design phase. In 2005, I founded Centro Studi Poltronova to make my multifaceted business model official.
WC: What was your vision for Centro Studi Poltronova when you started it?
RM: When I took over management of the company, there was no communications department. I believed that the best way to tell the world that Poltronova still existed would be through a major research project into the company's extraordinary archives, which had been left dormant for over two decades. It was important not only to create an accurate company profile and historic record, but also to document all of the creative contributions, both the projects and the ideals. Working in collaboration with Francesca Balena Arista, a historian at the Politecnico di Milano, this research gave way to the establishment of Centro Studi Poltronova.
Centro Studi today serves different purposes. On one side, it serves as a research center for students and historians; on another side, it serves the public by producing exhibits and publications. And finally it also serves the private sector by producing iconic objects from its catalogue on a made-to-order basis.
WC: What do you think sets Poltronova apart and makes it so worthy of preservation?
RM: There's never been anything like Poltronova! While other design companies presented a well-defined, refined concept of home living, Poltronova supported an environment free of confines, where objects were created with distinctive, often contradictory, stories. Poltronova's founder drew from his artistic background and chose to ignore the laws of marketing in order to give a visionary and experimental shape to a body of design that's now collected by museums around the world and extolled in history books.
Roberta Meloni with Ettore Sottsass in 2003 Photo © Centro Studi Poltronova
Under Ettore Sottsass's art direction, Poltronova's headquarters become the place for avant-garde experimentation—where the biggest talents of those years were supported, sharing in the demolition of the bourgeois habitat in pursuit of a new way of living, full of color and nonconformist thinking. Andrea Branzi described Poltronova as a "Radical Factory" that assembled "a catalogue of Italian design" through its collaborations with architects like Gae Aulenti, Archizoom, Superstudio, De Pas D'Urbino & Lomazzi, Paolo Portoghesi, Angelo Mangiarotti, Massimo Vignelli, and Giovanni Michelucci , as well as artists such as Gianni Ruffi, Ugo Nespolo, Gino Marotta, Mario Ceroli, and more.
From a merchandising perspective, this wasn't the most effective catalogue. A complete "Poltronova home" was highly unlikely. However, it did allow for the production of unforgettable objects that would otherwise never have been seen.
WC: Why do you think there is an audience for Poltronova designs today, so many decades after they were first conceived?
RM: What is Poltronova if not a collection of extremely visionary objects, ahead of their time, aggressively anti-conformist, and sensually charged. They are born out of the need to be creative, as opposed to the need to build something practical. Each object occupies its own space in time and tells it own story in that space. The Superonda Sofa, I Mobili Grigi, or the Safari Sofa, among many more, were not accepted at the time of their creation and for many years very few were produced.
Ettore Sottsass used to say, "The furniture I designed for Poltronova was not meant for the small bourgeois family, all happy and content, but for those who live conscious of the existential disaster." Today, in a world in which the need to carve a personal space has become more urgent than ever, the meaning and intent of these pieces is finally appreciated. The freedom to exist uninhibited is finally a widespread and timeless concept.
WC: What are some of your proudest accomplishments with Centro Studi Poltronova?
Ofelia, Spera, and Vanitas by Superstudio for Poltronova (1967) Photo © Centro Studi Poltronova
RM: More than 10 years since this project began, the name "Poltronova" has reentered the scene stronger than ever. It took a lot of hard work, determination, and passion! We developed many important projects, such as the revival exhibitions of Superbox by Sottsass and Superarchitettura by Archizoom and Superstudio. Thanks to the archives and the close collaboration with Archizoom and Superstudio, we have added "timeless" (as I like to call them) and iconic objects in our catalogue.
Last year with Fortino Editions, we published Poltronova Backstage, the first book on the company released in 40 years. The book illustrates how Archizoom, Sottsass, and Superstudio used photography to tell the story of their objects produced by Poltronova. Also in 2016, during Milano Design Week, we presented a few new editions by Superstudio—the Sofo Seating System and other objects in Plexiglas—along with a jewelry kit originally designed by Superstudio's Cristiano Toraldo di Francia from 1965. All of the editions were exhibited at the recent Superstudio '50 exhibition at the MAXXI Museum in Rome.
WC: How do you think the design world today compares with the one that existed during the years of the Radical Design movement?
RM: Honestly, I don't think I can draw a comparison between the two periods. The world of design in the last few decades has shifted its focus from designing for a purpose to designing for a market; therefore, producing objects void of feeling and meaning, to ostensibly make them palatable to the masses. This is not to dismiss the quality of all contemporary objects, but many beautiful examples of high-end production are still very much devoid of individuality.
There were no design schools in the '60s, so designers then had a culture that was richly contaminated by diversification and complexity. In those years, design also became an instrument of communication, giving a voice to those who contested the system with their desire to express their creativity freely. The restlessness of the times owed much to the stressful responsibilities of postwar reconstruction. Today, the cause of our unrest is due to economic frailty and social and political upheaval. Because of these circumstances, the Radical movement is now more than ever being recognized for its ability to deconstruct and reconstruct, tear apart, and rebuild!
Events occurring in the last 10 years have shaped, or rather, shaken our economic and social security. The uncertainty of our fate today is in stark contrast with the confidence that just until a few years ago was perhaps taken for granted. It's a confusing world with which we have to come to terms; the need to find or rediscover ideologies and values is stronger then ever. Radical design aimed at a better world and, for many, is more inspiring than ever.
WC: What is Centro Studi Poltronova working on next?
RM: I intend to continue sharing and shining light on the historic contributions of Poltronova. Centro Studi Poltronova will continue producing objects assembled from the archives. It will continue to represent a free-spirited mentality through the production of objects that are as innovative and provocative today as they were at the time of their conception decades ago. Future projects may or may not all arise. But regardless, we will remain faithful to the company's pledge to uphold freedom of expression above all else.
Wava Carpenter
After studying Design History, Wava has worn many hats in support of design culture: teaching design studies, curating exhibitions, overseeing commissions, organizing talks, writing articles—all of which informs her work now as Pamono's Editor-in-Chief.


text:
Countries expand restrictions on Brazilian exports
Trade defense measures range from steel to lemon juice
Tatiana Prazeres — Foto: Carol Carquejeiro/Valor
Brazilian exports have increasingly become the target of trade defense measures in destination countries. Of the 87 measures currently in force, 57 were applied from 2020 to the last 30th. The volume is a little more than double the 28 measures put in place from 2017 to 2019. The number includes cases of extensions and includes antidumping duties, safeguards, and compensation for subsidies. The data signal a more intense use of trade defense mechanisms by all countries, with greater diversification of instruments. Thirteen countries or blocs maintain measures in force for Brazilian shipments.
The U.S. is the one that has the most defensive measures, with 17 in force, followed by Argentina, with 12 measures, and Indonesia, with 11 cases. Iron, cast iron, and steel and steel products add up to 34 measures in force. Although the Brazilian steel sector is the most frequent target, the defense mechanisms already affect a large number of segments, ranging from paper, plastics, machinery, clothing, fabrics, and even food, such as chicken, sugar, and lemon juice.
In total, 33 major sectors are affected, considering the chapters of the Harmonized System (HS) used as the standard for coding products in global trade. Of the 99 existing chapters, Brazil is the target of trade defense measures in one-third of them. The data are part of the Trade Defense Panel, a platform assembled by the Federation of Industries of the State of São Paulo (Fiesp/Ciesp).
"Brazil has become a more frequent target of trade defense measures and there is a diverse set of sectors affected. It is not a subject of interest of just a small group of companies," says Tatiana Prazeres, director of international relations and foreign trade at Fiesp. "It is increasingly common for the businessman to receive a letter warning about an export investigation and be invited to answer a questionnaire."
The intensification of defense measures is a global trend that can be explained by several factors, she says, such as economic difficulty, changing international circumstances, and concern about preventing illegal or unfair trade practices from harming domestic industry. "This has been affecting different origins, and Brazil does not escape this movement," she said.
Data from the panel also shows that the number of trade defense measures notified to the World Trade Organization (WTO) jumped to 329 last year from 150 in 2020. In 2019 there were 193 notifications. Topping the rankings of the locations that have notified the most are the U.S., India, and Canada.
In 2022, until November 30th, 20 trade defense measures in force for Brazilian exports were applied or extended. There were 12 antidumping mechanisms, seven safeguards, and one case of compensatory measure for subsidy. The composition, Ms. Prazeres points out, shows a greater diversification of the instruments used. Before the antidumping duty used to be the most applied measure, now the safeguards are being applied more frequently, including by countries with more mature economies, she says.
Of the seven safeguard measures in force this year, two were from Turkey. The others came from Morocco, Philippines, United Kingdom, European Union (EU), and USA. Among the seven processes, there is an exclusion of surcharge for Brazil in six. The safeguards make it possible for developing countries, such as Brazil, to be free from its application, provided that requirements are met regarding the share of exports to the country of destination. The situation may be reviewed.
The EU safeguard extended in 2022 is emblematic. It has been in effect since 2019 and was revised in June of this year. Of the four product categories included in the measure, Brazil was excluded from two but is subject to surcharges in two others. In this safeguard, quotas were established that, if exceeded, subject exports to a 25% surcharge. The measure, recalls Fiesp's technical team, was a reaction by the EU to the results of the surcharges that former U.S. President Donald Trump applied to imported steel in 2018. The Europeans claimed that the measure caused a shift of exports to other destinations, which led to a high volume of steel exports to the bloc.
Safeguards, Ms. Prazeres explains, are applicable when there is a sudden surge in imports of a certain item combined with damage to the domestic industry. "If this can be proven, the safeguard is the most effective remedy, because with a single measure it is possible to reach all origins, the various countries that caused the sudden import. The antidumping measure needs to be applied to each of the exporting countries."
Lia Valls, a researcher at the Brazilian Institute of Economics of the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV Ibre), recalls that international trade related to iron and steel is a sensitive issue for the USA. According to her, as the Americans lead the defense mechanisms in force involving Brazilian exports, it is expected that the steel sector will be one of the main targets. Of the 17 American measures in force, ten involve the iron, cast iron, and steel sectors.
José Augusto de Castro, president of the Brazilian Foreign Trade Association (AEB), evaluates that the intensification of the measures is connected to the protectionist concern that several countries have been showing at the same time that there is a reorganization of the production chains and an attempt to bring industries to their territory or to regions considered friendly. In the case of Argentina, he says, the large number of defense measures can also be explained by the country's economic crisis, which has established measures to restrict imports.
Welber Barral, partner at BMJ Consultants, highlights the significant number of defense measures from Indonesia, which is explained by the policy of that Southeast Asian country. Indonesia has safeguards for several products and, as the measure affects all origins, Brazil was affected. "The country historically has a very closed market and is opening up, but there is a lot of internal resistance. That is why Mercosur seeks an agreement with Indonesia and Vietnam," he said.
*By Marta Watanabe — São Paulo
5 de December de 2022 /by Gelcy Bueno
Tags: from steel to lemon juice, restrictions on Brazilian exports
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