As this is the type of isomerism which can be found in thalidomide, it is of special interest to us here. With optical isomerism, there is no difference in connectivity and no double bonds. The isomerism is to do with the arrangement of the atoms in space. It arises through the presence of a Chiral Centre. Optical isomers are Non Superimposable Mirror Images of each other; a set of optical isomers are called enantiomers.
Enantiomers can not be interconverted without breaking bonds. They have mostly identical physical properties and can often only be told apart by what we call Optical Activity. This is the observation that in a pair of enantiomers one will rotate plane polarised light clockwise, and the other an equal amount anticlockwise.
The Chiral Centre is an atom connected to Four Different Subsituent Groups. If there is one chiral atom in a molecule there will be two enantiomeric forms. A molecule with two chiral centres however need not be Chiral!
Organic compounds give endless examples of chirality. Here, I have pictured 1,1-chlorofluoroethane (an example of a CFC). Carbon1 has a hydrogen, a chlorine, a fluorine and a methyl group attached to it making it a chiral centre. It therefore exists in these two enantiomeric forms. The two molecules cannot be superimposed on one another.
This image (right) better shows the non superimposable nature of the object and image. Two of the groups are in line, however, the other two have the wrong orientation. Click on either image for the 3D molfiles.
We need an unambiguous method for assigning absolute configuration to a chiral centre. There are a few simple steps which allow us to assign either 'R' or 'S' configuration to chiral atoms. These configurations are then included in the name to enable differentiation.
Firstly we again need to assign priority to the subsituents. We use the same rules as before, and assign priority to all the groups attached to the chiral atom.
Now we look at the molecule from the direction which puts the lowest priority group (often hydrogen), in line with, and behind, the chiral atom.
Group 4 has been enlarged so it can be seen behind the chiral atom.
If the priority order of the groups (1-2-3) is now clockwise the molecule is named as the 'R' isomer.
If the priority order of the groups (1-2-3) is anti-clockwise the molecule is named as the 'S' isomer.
Here the order is clockwise and so the isomer would be named 'R'.
See The Thalidomide page for a further example.


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Williams Lake Stampeders
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2017 Guide to Williams Lake and Area
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Hilary Place
Former lakecity alderman Hilary H. Place died March 3, 2004 at home.
Hilary was born March 13, 1920 in Huddersfield, England and was a member of a local pioneer family.
Hilary is survived by his loving wife of 62 years Rita (nee Hamilton) and their boys Adrian in Calgary, Alberta; and Martin and Carmen in North Vancouver.
He is also survived by his grandchildren, Raylene, Renelle, Rylea, Sara and Logan and great-grandchildren Reese and Skene.
He is predeceased by his granddaughter Cecilia.
Raised at the Dog Creek Ranch in the Cariboo, Hilary spent the first 40 years of his life as a rancher, cowboy, truck driver, and fur buyer.
He established the Dog Creek Stage and Ranchers' Retail general store.
Hilary and Rita M. Hamilton were married in 1942 and moved their family to Williams Lake in 1960 where he established Place Music Store and was fundamental in bringing TV to town.
He served as School District 24 chairman; on the municipal council as Alderman; in many service clubs including-Rotary, Kiwanis and the Stampede Association, especially the Stampede Queens committee with Rita being the Stampede Queen of 1935.
In 1970 Hilary moved his family to Vancouver to pursue a career in real estate.
He developed many business ventures, mortgage companies and some of the first strata developments.
He was a lifelong musician playing fiddle, piano and sax with the Saddle-ites the family band at dances all over the Cariboo and in Vancouver.
Most recently he turned his talents to writing and published his first book Dog Creek a Place in the Cariboo in 1999. Book two is now at the publishers.
A lifelong hockey fan Hilary remembered all the great players from the Alkali Lake Championship Team of the 1930's to the Canucks where he watched every game.
Services were held Wednesday, March 10 at 2:00 pm. at St. Mary's Kerrisdale 2490 West 37th. Avenue Vancouver, B.C. V6M 1P5
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Description – Legends and rhythm stories common to African, African American and Native American cultures, brought to life! Participants will have the opportunity to play and learn about authentic rhythm instruments. Recommended for ages 6-12 but all ages welcome. Presented by the Free Library of Philadelphia through One Book One Philadelphia at the Frankford Branch Library, 4634 Frankford Avenue, Wednesday, January 26, 2011, 4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Description – COST; $50 per person non refundable donation to the museum Limited to 25 people ADULTS ONLY: 18 years and older RESERVATIONS & PRE PAYMENT REQUIRED South Jersey Ghost Research, has been investigating the spirit activity in the museum for several years. Now they will guide you through the museum and introduce you to them. You can bring your own camera and recorder or use theirs, including infra red cameras .You can listen and record ghostly voices. Refreshments will be served at the break SECURE PARKING and entry from the museums parking lot. Call Kathleen at 267-385-5290 for reservations and information.
Description – Meet the police officers with your feedback. Tell them what problems you are having on your block.


Wallan Region, Victoria – Australia "Rural Landscape"_Photographed by ©Karen Robinson http://www.idoartkarenrobinson.com July 2017. Comments: Day out with daughter photographing landscape and wildlife on a beautiful winter's day.
During this landscape photography exercise – I used a compact system camera, a Sony A7 Mark II – Full Frame with a Sony A FE24-240mm F3.5-6.3 OSS Lense. For some of the shots, I used the camera hand-held, and for others, I used the camera mounted on a tripod with a remote timer. Each photography adventure helps me learn more about my camera and lense; and also hopefully helps me becoming a better photographer. I also used my Samsung Galaxy S6 mobile phone for quick spontaneous photographs and gain GPS location readings. NB: The rest of the photographs I took on the this day will be featured in a blog to follow soon.
Whilst you are here – please check out my home page!
POST-TRAUMATIC GROWTH: Improving one's sense of wellbeing using art, creative writing, photography and blogging – my journey written by ©Karen Robinson. Please click here for my latest blog news!
This entry was posted in Photography and tagged Adobe Lightroom 6, Bird Photography, Birdlife, Cloudy Skies, Crested Pigeons, Green Fields, Karen Robinson, Landscape Photography, Rural Landscape, Samsung Galaxy S6 Mobile Phone, Sony A FE24-240mm F3.5-6.3 oss Lense, Sony A7 Mark II Camera, Wallan, Wellbeing by idoartkarenrobinson. Bookmark the permalink.


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Nobel Literature Prize Speculation 2019 - Tokarczuk and Handke
By Myshkin, April 13, 2012 in Literature
Location:Scania, Sweden
I haven't read enough Rushdie. I have yet to read the Naipul I have before I refused to buy anymore but I kinda wish they'd make him give it back.
ETA: I just realized I referred to these two guys together because both are Indian. Fuck, I need to give my brown folk membership back...or chalk it up to the white man influencing my thoughts. ;-)
Wait. Are you saying Naipaul should give his prize back?
I'm a bosnian woman living in sweden, and I think the lit coming out of India is breathtaking and is as far as I'm concerned the new russia. It's you. (:))
Sci-2 reacted to this
Sci-2
The 11th Little Indian
Naipaul's from Trinidad not India right?
As it's an award for his art, no they shouldn't take it from him. Sorry for the derail, I just hate the guy.
Vrana reacted to this
Yeah, but his origins are Indian. I might be pulling this out of my ass but I think I've read somewhere he even considers himself Indian.
Yeah, he's an asshole, but his prose is the kind of painfully beautiful that makes me want to rob pharmacies. Maybe give him the prize but on a provisional basis, he gets to keep it if he refrains from inane commentary?
MaesterLuwin
King of the Citadel
I'm holding out for Murakami or Pynchon. But the Swedish Academy seems to traditionally avoid authors that I like, which makes me hesitant to place an actual bet on any author that I feel deserves to win.
:D What are Stephanie Meyer's chances? And if a musician wins, I see Kanye West storming the stage in Stockholm to make his opinions known...
On a more serious note, do we know for sure who's been nominated? I seem to remember in the past that sometimes selectors revealed who they put in a vote for...
Just You Shut Your Mouth
Location:Long Beach, CA
Naipaul is kind of a dick, but then he's a writer. I mean Rushdie said he doesn't like GRRM's TV show, and I still read his stuff. And Naipaul can fucking write man.
Yeah, the Academy seems to see massive popularity as a negative, but I really haven't heard much about that as concerns Murakami.
Not a chance for Meyer. Peter Englund is quoted as saying, "Vampires don't fucking sparkle!". And Kanye wouldn't have the balls to storm the stage while Bowie was giving his acceptance speech.
I know that PEN Belarus nominated Uladzimir Nyaklyayew, but he's not being seriously considered. Nyaklyayew is a poet and political activist who's been beaten and arrested (on different occasions) by the Belarusian secret police. PEN Belarus nominated his in order to draw international attention to him, his cause, and his perilous situation.
oldnumericals
I'd like to see Pynchon or Cormac McCarthy win one, but that doesn't seem likely in the next few years, at least.
A few more writers to consider (for real this time):
Amos Oz: Oz has been mentioned as a frontrunner for the prize for the past few years. His works are both very human and very political. Being fairly well known in Europe, while being sufficiently non-European, probably helps his chances. As do his views on the two-state solution in the Israel/Palestine conflict. I wouldn't be surprised at all if he won this year. R.I.P.
Ko Un: Ko is another writer who is a perennial frontrunner for the prize. No Korean has ever won the lit prize, so if the Academy is looking to get a little more global, he'd be a good choice. The fact that he's a political dissident, who's been imprisoned on several occasions, also helps his chances. The fact that he's a poet definitely hurts them though. But then again, Seamus Heaney and Wislawa Szymborska won back to back prizes as poets in '95-'96.
John Banville: Bainville is something of a dark horse candidate. I'd like to see him win because I think the Irish are underrepresented in Nobel Laureates, considering the literary tradition of Ireland. The fact that he writes crime fiction under a pen name might hurt him though. But then it might not, since what he writes as Banville is so powerful. I don't see him winning this year, but I think his chances get better and better every year.
Gabriel Garcia Marquez: Yeah I know, he's already won it. But there's no rule against winning it twice. Thomas Mann is the only author that we know of who's been nominated for a second lit prize, but since the records are sealed for 50 years, I wouldn't be at all surprised if Garcia Marquez has also been nominated to get another one. Since he's still alive and kicking we tend to forget that he won his prize nearly 30 years ago. And it can be argued that his literary career since winning the lit prize is every bit as good as his literary career was before he won the prize. If anyone is ever gonna win two lit prizes it's this guy. Unfortunately I don't think anyone is ever gonna win two lit prizes. R.I.P. Gabo
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, I believe all the writers I've named deserve the prize on the literary merits alone. That's why I've chosen to focus more on the other aspects which might help determine who will win this year. But that doesn't mean I'm not interested in discussing the works of these authors.
Edited February 4, 2019 by Myshkin
Eyelesbarrow
Catastrophe Waitress
Location:from Manila to Berlin
John Banville: Bainville is something of a dark horse candidate. I'd like to see him win because I think the Irish are underrepresented in Nobel Laureates, considering the literary tradition of Ireland. The fact that he writes crime fiction under a pen name might hurt him though. But then it might not, since what he writes as Banville is so powerful. I don't see him winning this year, but I think his chances get better and better every year
I like Banville more as Benjamin Black, though but then I am more into detective fiction. As to his chances, I must agree with you that his crime-writing ways could be a liability. He's not really your average, run-of-the-mill crime writer. Sure there's a lot of murders, but he writes it so beautifully - the "Banville" part still comes out - I sometimes forget I'm reading crime fiction. ETA: If we're talking about Ireland, I would love to see William Trevor and his dark, bleak, funny-strange literary world, in contention.
Murakami. I'm always pleasantly surprised that his name comes up in this. The Academy is allergic to genre and he's one of those writers who straddles SF/F and the "literary" fiction world. The man won a World Fantasy Award! You don't get much more "genre" than that.
Marquez - yeah, he can get nominated, but doubt that he would win it. Not so much because of the rules, but because the South American literary world has moved on from magic realism. See Macondo vs McOndo.
Edited April 16, 2012 by Eyelesbarrow
Murakami is a Magical Realist, and the Academy has no problem giving the prize to Magical Realists. Garcia Marquez, Saramago, Grass.
I see the McOndo movement as not much more than a pop-culture fad. That's not to say that I think Latin American literature should move backward toward the Boom; only that McOndo has no real lasting relevance, and Latin American lit should move forward past this self-absorbed, self-important phase. I can understand the need of the younger generation to break from the old guard (much like Indian writers are trying to put Lyrical India to bed), but McDonald's and Macintosh don't seem to have been quite as powerful as fascism and social inequality as far as muses go.
Edited April 16, 2012 by Myshkin
Larry.
Voy a navegar por otros mares de locura...
Location:Just outside Nashville, TN
Having read most of the people associated with McOndo (and the related Crack Manifesto group in Mexico), I disagree with those who argue that it is self-absorbed. If anything, it is a corrective to the tendency of several Boom Generation-influenced narratives that decentralized the personal subjects of the stories. Yes, there is a greater awareness of Self in several of these novels (Alberto Fuguet's The Movies of My Life comes to mind), yet that self-awareness is not to the exclusion of others (there is a subtle yet pointed commentary on Pinochet's Chile within those flashback scenes). Fuguet, Edmundo Paz Soldán, and Giannina Braschi are very well-regarded today for their social commentaries; they just are not commenting on the Latin America of the 1920s-1950s. Furthermore, if one could make the comparison of the McOndo/Crack Manifesto writers as being the Punks to the Boom Generation's rock'n'roll, Roberto Bolaño would occupy Patti Smith's role, that of being the god(father) to the Punks (McOndoists/Crack Manifesto group). Considering Bolaño's continued popularity and his influence on Fuguet and Paz Soldán, there might be something special already occurring in Latin American literature. At least I think there is, having read a few dozen novels by the names mentioned above, Jorge Volpi, Ignacio Padilla, and (to go a half-generation older), Javier Marías and Horacio Castellanos Moya.
It really would not shock me if someone from the group mentioned above wins a Nobel in the next decade, because they are doing some interesting things with melding cinema, pop culture, and social commentary that very few American writers are daring to do today.
Huh, I never really thought of that, although I can see the reasoning behind it. I've always considered him to be more SF/F.
Not overly familiar with the writers of McOndo crowd, but from what I've read so far, I think there's a potential for a lasting legacy from them as a literary movement.
You might like this 2007 blog post by Fuguet. He sounds quite a bit like how Jeff VanderMeer did when discussing New Weird fiction in talking about McOndo over ten years later. Part of it is in English (most of the second half, at least).
Tehol
there are writers without noble prize is still read by people such as tolstoy, twain and then there are winners i have never heard let alone read their works. :P
no one talks about gene wolfe?if murakami is taken seriously then why not wolfe?
p.s may be little off topic but i get the impression that salman rushdie is kinda attention whore, (watching and reading some interviews and articles.sorry can't provide any link as i read it awhile ago on print media) he goes on about me..me and me, boring.the guy is controversy junky.
Yeah, having a fatwa issued on one can have that effect.
Nobel prize isn't about public appearance, or shouldn't be at least, but about his work as a writer. And that work happens to be exemplary - this is not up for discussion*.
*:P
Myshkin reacted to this
Nearly Headless Ned
Yeah. If it was a 'Not A Total Wanker But Actually A Thumpingly Good Bloke ' award then RA Salvatore would be in with a shout. Rushidie maybe an exception though. No problem with him thinking that GOT is addictive trash, but saying The Wire is 'just a cop show' is beyond forgiving. So factually wrong it boggles the mind. He can't have watched the whole show.
EDIT: I'm actually going to read some Rushdie just so I can point out how much better the writing is than anything he can manage. Some may call me petty and they'd be quite right. If it turns out that Rushdie is actually better then I can always rely on my powers of self deception to save the day.
Edited April 16, 2012 by Nearly Headless Ned
Vrana, Myshkin and Sci-2 reacted to this
I'm gonna hedge a little on what I said yesterday about McOndo. It was unfair of me to so broadly criticize an entire literary movement when I have not read all that widely of it. Rather I'll say that what I have read of it seemed to me fairly empty and far too self-satisfied. It also seemed to rely more on pop-culture consumerism than literary merit; much like the pop-culture literary movement perpetrated by that slew of triple-named American writers. But there is every possibility that there are great authors and brilliant novels identified as McOndo, and I've just not read them yet. I'll also admit that my opinion has probably been colored by the arrogant and disrespectful attitudes of Fuguet and some of his contemporaries. If you need to shit on your forerunners in order to forge your path, maybe you just don't have the talent to do it on merit alone.
Here's another problem I have with McOndo:
<snip> Roberto Bolaño <snip> Javier Marías and Horacio Castellanos Moya.
The co-opting of anything and everything not of the Boom into McOndo. And if we're using Punk as the metaphor then Bolaño is Bowie or Reed; better, more relevant, and far more lasting ;).
Yeah that stupid attention whore, getting a fatwa put on his head!
It's not so much those authors I mentioned were co-opted into that "movement," but as Fuguet said in that link, there may have been something about their attitude toward the contemporary (Latin American) world that resonated with that pamphlet. By 2007, he had largely eschewed the movement, noting that it was perhaps more a movement-that-wasn't-a-movement, but rather "an adjective." Writers in their 20s and 30s sometimes mellow out in their 40s and that seems to be the case with him. The others weren't quite so brash to begin with in the first place.
I don't know when I'll have the time to write it, but I think a case could be made for comparing some of the world-views of the McOndo/Crack writers with those who turned to weird/surrealist writing in the US, UK, and Eastern Europe in the 1990s. It might require a formal paper rather than a simple blog post, however. But I do believe that social conditions in the 1990s fostered some emerging lit groups/movements/"moments"/"adjectives" that have influenced writers and readers alike since then.
By 2007, he had largely eschewed the movement, noting that it was perhaps more a movement-that-wasn't-a-movement, but rather "an adjective." Writers in their 20s and 30s sometimes mellow out in their 40s and that seems to be the case with him. The others weren't quite so brash to begin with in the first place.
I thought about that as well. It's been some time since I gave up on McOndo, and maybe it has moved forward in that time. I've decided to give another McOndo writer a try, Laura Restrepo. Reading about her novel in the link you posted piqued my interest (and the Saramago blurb didn't hurt either).
That particular Restrepo book is very, very good. As for the maturation of writers/movements, how many authors do you know still identify themselves as "New Weird?" Things change and having authors sticking to a 16 year-old manifesto would be akin to herding cats after they've written a few novels and developed different interests.
Would be interested to read your thoughts on this one. She's one those authors who caused Ahnlund to leave the Academy.
Ok, finished it, and it's one of the most profoundly affecting books I've ever read. Jelinek is a master of metaphor, and her prose is stunning. I've never read another author who was better able to portray the "inner life". The subject matter was disturbing, but also very real. The immediacy of being inside Erika's head allows you no distance from what's happening to her, and within her. If we accept that the Nobel can be won on the strength of one novel alone (Pasternak, Sholokhov, Xingjian), then Jelinek is a worthy winner.
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Servicing cars more than 30 years old might seem a losing proposition for most dealerships.
Who wants to take valuable time to train technicians in carburetor repair? Or to keep a vehicle in a service bay for days, waiting for unusual parts?
Yet brands such as BMW, Porsche and Chevrolet, and some of their franchised dealerships, are finding value in maintaining and repairing classic vehicles. Mark Rogers, a 20 Group consultant with the National Automobile Dealers Association, estimated that as many as 1,800 U.S. franchised dealerships service classic cars.
Automakers and dealers note the growing number of high-dollar classic and collectible cars. Unless their owners are mechanically gifted, these vehicles will need professional service to keep them running.
In 2015, Hennessy Porsche North Atlanta in Roswell, Ga., became one of just five factory-designated Porsche Classic dealerships in the United States, said Jeff Corey, the store's service director.
Hennessy invested in special tools (he declined to say how much) and set aside two service bays to fix classic Porsches, defined as 1998 models and older. He sent two technicians and two service advisers to California for extensive training.
When the dealership was remodeled last year, Hennessy included a Classic Center in its second-floor showroom, where visitors can view vintage Porsches.
"We'll do 15 to 20 cars a year," Corey said. "The average repair bill is $3,000, though we've done a couple at $20,000 and rebuilt the whole engine of a 964 for $42,000."
Classic service is by appointment only. Hennessy Porsche asks customers to bring the vehicles in for review ahead of time.
"The oldest Porsche we've worked on was a 1963 356," Corey said.
There are plenty of valid reasons for dealerships to shy away from working on older cars. Stocking and storing parts for such vehicles, training service employees and tying up service bays for extended repairs can be costly.
"Dealers are too busy selling and servicing new cars," said NADA's Rogers. "It is not financially feasible to dedicate the time and space" to classics service, he said.
Most buyers of mass-market vehicles don't develop emotional ties to them, Rogers added. Classic service makes greater sense for luxury cars that are more than 20 years old, produced by European brands that stress their heritage, he said.
Harry Hollenberg, a partner in the Concord, Mass., automotive consulting firm Carlisle & Co., said a classic car in a service bay may not have the same halo effect as one on a dealership lot.
Even a dealership that specializes in fixing classic vehicles may see no more than four of them a year, Hollenberg said. And service technicians may have trouble pinpointing problems with classic vehicles.
"There is so much turnover among technicians now that it would be hard to locate one with a knowledge of older models," Hollenberg said.
BMW of Ann Arbor in Ann Arbor, Mich., has been a BMW Certified Classic Center since 2014. It averages about one special repair a month, said the dealership's service director, Mark Wade.
But that's OK, Wade added, because the classic center's prestige attracts other parts and service customers among owners of older BMWs.
"We do get plenty of early-to-mid-'90s cars, but those customers aren't looking to restore their vehicles, usually," he said. "They're more concerned with the mechanical breakdown or driveability issues."
The oldest BMW the dealership has serviced was a 2002 tii from the 1972 model year, he said.
Another time, Wade said, his service department faced the challenge of restoring a gray-market 1985 BMW M6 to factory condition. Tracking down parts for a car that was not produced for the U.S. was tough, he noted.
"But it's a labor of love for us and the owners," Wade said.
Wade remains optimistic about the growth of the dealership's classics repair business.
"I would imagine the volume will increase once those cars from the '90s hit the 30-year mark and the value starts to increase," Wade said. "We would like to see more."
Buds Chevrolet-Buick in St. Marys, Ohio, provides service to owners of Corvettes from the C4 (1984-96), C5 (1997-2004) and C6 (2005-13) generations.
Work on such classic Corvettes is sporadic — perhaps 15 a year, said the service adviser and shop foreman, Troy Jones.
Yet the small-town dealership burnishes its reputation with a Corvette show each May.
This year's event, Jones said, attracted the owners of more than 600 Corvettes.
Such enthusiasm can spread to repairs. Once, Jones recalled, technicians took five hours to replace a faulty heating core on a 1980 Corvette. It would have taken longer, he said — had the customer not brought the replacement part with him.
"Bringing classic cars back to the dealership" was originally published at Automotive News on 9/5/17.
By Jenny King at Automotive News
Posted in: Cars, Porsche


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Movies / Reviews
Much Ado About Nothing TIFF Review
Okay, so I need to have my fan girl moment here. I'm a huge Buffy, Angel, & Dollhouse nerd. So when I heard that Joss Whedon was coming to Toronto for the premiere of his new movie, Much Ado About Nothing, I was so there. (and so was the rest of Toronto. HUGE line!)
Much Ado About Nothing is a modern take on the play by Shakespeare. I've actually never seen the play, and know nothing about it, so I was a bit worried about seeing this. Joss had also said that he was using the original dialogue, but removing some text to make it more modern. He also filmed it in his backyard/estate in 12 days, because he's just cool like that.
Claudio (Fran Kranz) and Benedick (Alexis Denisof ) have just returned home to Messina after a successful campaign abroad. When earnest Claudio announces his adoration for the lovely Hero (Jillian Morgese), daughter of Messina's governor Leonato (Clark Gregg), the acid-tongued Benedick teases him mercilessly. Benedick's scorn for love is matched by that of his long-time nemesis and verbal sparring partner Beatrice (Amy Acker), Leonato's niece. As the lovestruck Claudio and Hero make plans to marry, Benedick and Beatrice resume the "merry war" of insults they have long waged. Yet there are many who believe that for all their antagonism — or even because of it — this pair of incessantly sniping cynics is surely meant to be a couple. As matchmaking schemes are put into play and disguises are donned, loathing and love soon prove to be close cousins.
This movie was amazing, and really, I shouldn't have expected anything less of Joss! It was beautiful in black and white, I didn't miss the colour at all. Beatrice and Benedick's relationship was fascinating and hilarious. The film was very emotional, often leaping from sadness to hilarity. My favourite character was poor Claudio, and of course Beatrice and Benedick. The dialogue seemed natural after time, and the use of cars, cell phones and a modern lifestyle juxtaposed against the language was interesting. Jed Whedon did the soundtrack, and it was perfect and haunting at some points. The ending is lovely and satisfying. I hope this film gets picked up, but I don't see why it wouldn't…it's Joss!
joss whedonmuch ado about nothingmuch ado about nothing reviewtifftoronto film festival
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Jekyll & Hyde coming to ABC
ABC has picked up a pre-pilot concept from Sheldon Turner, co-writer for ABC's Up in the Air. The show will be an episodic retelling of the classic Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
In the new show, Dr. Grant Hyde is experimenting on himself in an attempt to find a cure for his serious eye condition.
When he goes to sleep, a gregarious and violent version of himself emerges. Apart from the name, that's pretty much what the original story is about.
That novel, written by Treasure Island author Robert Louis Stevenson, follows a London Lawyer named Gabriel as he investigates the odd occurrences surrounding several murders and their connection to his friend Dr. Henry Jekyll and a strange, deformed man named Hyde. Gabriel discovers eventually that Jekyll and Hyde are indeed the same man, and that it was an experiment of Jekyll's which produced the monster within him.
Of course any modern audience member already knows the gist of the story, so it's impossible to do a faithful retelling, there would be no suspense, no mystery at all. Any modern retelling is forced to focus on the ramifications of the dual existence, rather than the mystery of Hyde's identity.
The move comes right on the heels of an announcement from NBC that they will be producing an episodic retelling of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein.
No production or release dates have been officially set for Jekyll & Hyde, but the pilot will likely air with the rest of the 2012 pilots.
Alaska's tides scouted for clean energy
AMD has a new CEO


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Home / Explore Israel / Celebrating Israel
Steps to Statehood Timeline
Tags: History, Leadership, Balfour, Resources
1896: Theodor Herzl's publication of Der Judenstaat ("The Jewish State") is widely considered the foundational event of modern Zionism.
1917: The British government adopted the Zionist goal with the Balfour Declaration which views with favor the creation of "a national home for the Jewish people."
Feb. 1920: Winston Churchill: "there should be created in our own lifetime by the banks of the Jordan a Jewish State."
Apr. 1920: The governments of Britain, France, Italy, and Japan endorsed the British mandate for Palestine and also the Balfour Declaration at the San Remo conference:
The Mandatory will be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 8, 1917, by the British Government, and adopted by the other Allied Powers, in favour of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.
July 1922: The League of Nations further confirmed the British Mandate and the Balfour Declaration.
1937: Lloyd George, British prime minister when the Balfour Declaration was issued, clarified that its purpose was the establishment of a Jewish state:
it was contemplated that, when the time arrived for according representative institutions to Palestine, if the Jews had meanwhile responded to the opportunities afforded them ... by the idea of a national home, and had become a definite majority of the inhabitants, then Palestine would thus become a Jewish commonwealth.
July 1937: The Peel Commission:
"if the experiment of establishing a Jewish National Home succeeded and a sufficient number of Jews went to Palestine, the National Home might develop in course of time into a Jewish State."
The Commission recommended the partition of Mandatory Palestine in part because "Partition enables the Jews in the fullest sense to call their National Home their own; for it converts it into a Jewish State."
June 1939: Jan Smuts, a member of the Imperial War Cabinet when the Balfour Declaration was published, said of Palestine that he could see "in generations to come a great Jewish state rising there once more."
May 11, 1942: The Extraordinary Zionist Conference held at the Biltmore Hotel in New York City issued an influential joint statement known as the Biltmore Program. It went beyond prior circumlocutions to demand that "Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwealth."
Nov. 29, 1947: U.N. General Assembly resolution 181, the one partitioning the British Mandate of Palestine into two, uses the term Jewish state 27 times in its text and 3 times in the footnotes. For example:
Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem, set forth in Part III of this Plan, shall come into existence in Palestine two months after the evacuation of the armed forces of the mandatory Power has been completed but in any case not later than 1 October 1948.
Note that the other part of Palestine was to become an "Arab State" - not a Muslim state. Thus did the Israel's founding document divide the territory into the followers of a religion and speakers of a language.
Also in 1947: Ernest Bevin, UK foreign secretary stated that, "For the Jews, the essential point of principle is the creation of a sovereign Jewish state."
May 14, 1948: (1)The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel mentions Jewish state 5 times, most importantly in the operational passage "we ... hereby declare the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel." (By way of background, proposed names for the new state included Jewish State, Zion, Judea, Yehuda, Ever (from "Ivri" or Hebrew), Land of Israel, and Israel; but Ben-Gurion favored Israel and that carried the day.)
(2) President Harry Truman had decided to recognize the Jewish State and requested a formal request for recognition of statehood. Because the name of this state had, just hours before the declaration of independence, not yet been decided ("Judea" and "Zion" were possibilities), the representative of the Jewish Agency in the United States, Eliahu Epstein, submitted the request to Truman without mentioning the new polity's name, using instead the United Nations' name for this territory, the "Jewish State":
I have the honor to notify you that the Jewish State has been proclaimed as an independent republic ... and that a provisional government has been charged to assume the rights and duties of government for preserving law and order within the boundaries of the Jewish State, for defending the state against external aggression, and for discharging the obligations of the Jewish State to the other nations of the world in accordance with international law. ... I have been authorized to by the provisional government of the new state to tender this message and to express the hope that your government will recognize and will welcome the Jewish State into the community of nations.
Eliahu Epstein to Harry S. Truman with attatchments re: recognition of Israel, May 14, 1948. Truman Papers, Official File. 204-D: Jewish State, 1948-49.
(3) The typed document prepared for Truman used the dummy "Jewish state" term – which the president, who had heard the new state's name by then, proceeded to scratch out in favor of Israel.
This Government has been informed that a Jewish state has been proclaimed in Palestine, and recognition has been requested by the provisional Government thereof. The United States recognizes the provision government as the de facto authority of the new State of Israel.
Truman response recognizing the new State of Israel
Comments: (1) Israel's being a "Jewish state" is not just a recent whim but the legal reason for this polity coming into existence. It has become contentious lately because Israel's enemies have figured they can accept Israel but really mean by it Palestine. So the Israelis have added the Jewish state element as part of the mix.
(2) Until about 2006, the concept of Jewish state was discussed mainly among thinkers about the nature of Israel and how it lives up to Jewish ideals. For example, see two essays by Daniel J. Elazar, "Israel as a Jewish State" (1990) and "Jewish Values in the Jewish State" (1996).
Zionist Conference 1942
The Biltmore Declaration
The Declaration for Jewish Rights
Balfour Declaration 1917
Jewish rights to our ancestral homeland are unassailable. Learn about the Balfour Declaration as a symbol of Jewish legal rights and an important milestone to sovereignty in the Jewish homeland.


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Environmental and Chemical Toxins and Psychiatric Illness
Author: James S. Brown
During the past 60 years, the number of chemical disasters worldwide from military, occupational, and environmental sources has risen at an alarming rate. The profound controversy surrounding many chemicals makes objective analysis nearly impossible. Yet now more than ever -- with the daily exposure to a wide range of chemicals and the increased threat of chemical terrorism -- it is critical that we understand the role of chemicals in causing psychiatric illness. Unlike related books, this remarkable reference is intended specifically for psychiatric applications and is thus the definitive sourcebook for the many professionals called on to respond to these events. This work stands alone as the first on this topic to be written by a psychiatrist and the first to bring together the military, occupational, and environmental exposures causing psychiatric illness, including multiple chemical sensitivities, mass hysteria, radiation exposures, community stress reactions, and Gulf War and other syndromes. Unique highlights include A summary of the reported psychiatric symptoms attributed to each chemical class chemical weapons, pesticides, fumigants, metals, solvents, gases, PCBs, Agent Orange, and other miscellaneous chemicals in tables for easy reference. We use personal care products, take prescription drugs, pump gasoline, drink alcohol, and spray insecticides as part of our everyday lives. Yet rarely do we realize that significant exposures to the chemicals described in this book -- many of which we are exposed to in daily activities -- can damage the central nervous system, causing psychiatric illness. A comprehensive bibliography, in every chapter, of all the important material in English-language medical journals and books that has appeared on this subject since the late 19th century. These bibliographies cover everything from the first published reports of the dangers of carbon disulfide in the French rubber industry -- dangers that American medicine ignored for years -- through more recent large-scale chemical exposures that have serious long-term consequences. e.g., Love Canal . The latest information about terrorist and military uses of chemical weapons -- of critical relevance in psychiatry today -- from World War I combatants exposed to chlorine, phosgene, mustard gas, arsenic, and cyanide to the first organophosphate, or nerve, gases such as tabun and sarin developed by the Germans before and during World War II and used by Iraq in the Gulf War and by a religious cult in the terrorist subway attacks in Tokyo and Matsumoto, Japan . Quite simply, this book is a 'must have' for psychiatric and medical professionals everywhere, with extended appeal among laypersons such as environmental/consumer advocates, attorneys, insurance professionals, industrial hygienists, disaster planners, and medical librarians.


text:
The History of Virtual Reality & The Future: Rift, Omni, STEM, castAR
By Steve Burke Published October 20, 2013 at 3:38 pm
The History of Virtual Reality & The Future: Rift, Omni, STEM, castARThe Future of VR - Omni, Oculus, STEMVR Obstacles - Nausea & Price
The concept of a "virtual" reality has existed for decades and has nebulous origins, but the first technological steps can be pinpointed to Ivan Sutherland's head-mounted display (HMD); the device, lovingly-dubbed the Sword of Damocles for its massive size and imposing demeanor, was built in 1968 and placed the user into wireframe rooms. The term itself, "Virtual Reality," didn't even popularly exist until 1985.
Since Sutherland's pioneering innovations, the industry has had disorienting cycles of ups-and-downs for Augmented & Virtual Reality tech. There were holes in the yet-unfolding plot: Missing technology (we'd only just moved from tubes to transistors), a smaller pool of talent, and the interest and funding were primarily in medical or military-industrial fields.
The equipment that was purpose-built for those fields made tremendous technological leaps, but would by-and-large never be faced with a consumer. And, as with many technologies that started in the military, much of the early VR/AR equipment was classified.
Jumping to the modern age, we see a resurgent force of VR companies garnering significant online support among the gaming and enthusiast communities. Arguably championed by the team at Oculus VR, the movement for new, consumer-accessible virtual reality hardware is finally building momentum.
But how did we get here?
After Oculus took the world by storm and built a sturdy backbone of supporting developers, other VR tech finally saw the opportunity to step into the light. Over the course of several conventions and a couple follow-up calls, we've spoken to developers involved with key emergent VR groups right now: Sixense (wireless motion tracking, an interface), Oculus VR (the Rift, a head-mounted display), and Virtuix (omnidirectional treadmill for physical movement, an interface). All these devices linked together looks something like what you'll find in the below video, shot at PAX Prime:
In this article, we'll give a brief recap on the history of virtual reality, talk about emergent VR tech (Oculus Rift, Sixense STEM, Virtuix Omni), and the fusion of each of these technologies to create a fully-immersive gaming experience. Other topics -- like user price-accessibility and top-level hardware discussion -- will see supplemental coverage throughout the piece.
For a history lesson and industry analysis, we recruited experts Amir Rubin (Co-Founder, Sixense) and ~30-year VR veteran Paul Mlyniec (Head of Development, MakeVR); you'll find quotes and insight from these individuals below.
It should be noted that VR, AR, and other technologies, like biometric feedback, are each massive subjects in their own right. Books are written on each topic, so we're focusing on the need-to-know information for gamers and hardware enthusiasts.
First: Why Talk About VR Now?
Virtual reality technology has been prohibitively expensive and sized up until recent innovations. The Ultimate Display ("Sword of Damocles"), Sutherland's first HMD, took an entire room and would never be dreamt affordable outside of research, military, and industrial environments.
According to Mlyniec (in the industry since ~1984, started studying holography in the 70s) and Rubin (in the industry since ~1989), the biggest barriers to VR market penetration have been consumer accessibility, input devices, and game development frameworks. Those barriers have been broken with the advent of newer, more compact, more easily-fabricated manufacturing processes and expanded consumer interest -- gaming is a large proponent of this resurgence.
A Quick Recap: The Turbulent VR Industry & A History of Virtual Reality
It's been a long road to get to recent hype and innovations.
1960s - Sutherland's Ultimate Display ('65) is really where VR/AR became viable "things." Up until that point, we'd mostly been looking through (still impressive) viewfinders at stills and photography. The Ultimate Display, or Sword of Damocles, took the better part of a room and exposed users to now-primitive wireframe interiors. Here's one of the earlier top-level block diagrams of Sutherland's HMD (and next to it, an unintentionally-creepy photo of the device in use):
Alongside Sutherland's innovations, the military continued investing in flight simulation software and hardware. The early machines included mechanical pivot/YAW (you've all seen something like this in an arcade or mall), joystick and interface input, and a cockpit, but no on-screen graphics. As things progressed, some flight simulators became capable of pre-rendered video output (either real camera footage or graphics), but nothing dynamic or particularly interactive.
This would soon change.
In 1968, David Evans and Ivan Sutherland formed Evans & Sutherland. This firm would help revolutionize computer graphics and indirectly, eventually, produce founders of the likes of Silicon Graphics, Pixar, and Adobe.
1970s - The University of Utah had already recruited Evans and Sutherland as professors (c. 1967), rapidly making UU the hub for everything CS- or CG-related. Students of Sutherland—like Edwin Catmull, a Boeing veteran and aspiring physicist—would eventually bridge traditional animation with computers, creating 3D computer-animated graphics. Military, medical, and industrial simulators rapidly adopted this technological advancement.
The 70s and UU is really where all the great minds merge: With Sutherland and Evans as established researchers, the University attracted folks like John Warnock (founder, Adobe & PostScript) and Jim Clark (founder, Silicon Graphics, Inc - eventually outpaced by yet-unborn nVidia and ATi).
And in 1977, of course, Star Wars IV: A New Hope made the relevance of computer graphics a bit more mainstream.
1978 saw the birth of x86 architecture, pioneered by Intel's 8086 processor. More on this in a moment.
1980s - Innovations were supported by greater accessibility to 16-bit CPUs. The world of VR was at one of its peaks right around 1984, when Scott Fisher led NASA Ames' VR group to the development of its own VR hardware and software. Under NASA Ames, Fisher's team had developers building HMDs (McGreevy, Humphries, Fisher), their Virtual Interface Environment Workstation, and gloves (Mark Bolas, Jaron Lanier). Lanier later went on to coin the actual term "virtual reality" in 1985, work on the DataGlove, and continue the advancement of high-end VR through the 90s.
"They were doing something, in a sense, like a quasi-augmented reality, and they were way ahead of their time." - Paul Mlyniec.
Rising star VPL packaged HMDs with gloves and Polhemus / Ascension tracking, which Mlyniec says made VPL the "first company to really commoditize head-mounted displays."
1984 also welcomed Gary Bishop's design of 3-dimensional computer input. Using optical sensors that compiled multiple one-dimensional images to track and relay distance traveled by the device, passive tracking could be immensely improved.
These years mark the maturity of many aspects of computer technology and, to many degrees, the structural foundation for modern VR/AR technologies.
Some of VPL's early VR tech, including the DataGlove. Source.
1990s - In the early 90s, location-based entertainment was booming and powerful game consoles and PCs were spreading like wildfire. In '91-93, Virtuality Group created a line of then-advanced VR-equipped arcade game machines with stereoscopic 3D visuals; the HMD consisted of a visor fitted with two displays (capable of a mind-blowing 276x372 resolution).
Then, as with most budding industries, there was a hard crash in the mid-to-late 90s. Mlyniec, recalling these events, said:
"[Lanier] did a lot to single-handedly advance the industry, and at some sense even drove the height of the first wave of Virtual Reality in the early 90s. [This] could be characterized as a bubble that burst in the late 90s. It looked like there was no stopping Virtual Reality -- but what did stop it was the cost of every piece of equipment.
The tracking was five-, seven-, ten-thousand for a pair of hands. The head-mounts were expensive, the best you could do was about $15,000 by then. You could get a reasonably-powered graphics system for around $50,000 [from SGI]. There was no possibility of using it at a consumer level - games were out of the question - so it just existed in labs and government. It couldn't break through the barrier."
No matter how good the technology got, how small the transistors were made, VR just didn't have the option to saturate any lower-level markets due to cost of deployment. This stalled innovation as the still-new industry boomed to a point where it was threatened by its own weight, creating a lull in the market.
"I think some of us hoped that it was so attractive that the prices would come down, but they just plain didn't."
As the decade continued and rolled into the early 2000s, SGI (Silicon Graphics, Inc.) found itself threatened. The company—responsible for producing some of the most powerful graphics boxes of the time—had been thoroughly thrashed by rising forces nVidia and ATi. NVidia recruited many of SGI's best engineers and began working on low-end, consumer-class hardware in the form of video cards; SGI's philosophy, up until now, was to produce the entire computing unit -- including graphics processing -- and sell it as a biz-client/enterprise solution. NVidia swooped in at the ground-level, focusing strictly on cards and building an audience of consumer and SMB clients.
With the rise of the giants, alas, we arrive to the modern era. Continue on to Page 2 for the future of VR.
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Sixense
Last modified on October 20, 2013 at 3:38 pm
Steve Burke
Steve started GamersNexus back when it was just a cool name, and now it's grown into an expansive website with an overwhelming amount of features. He recalls his first difficult decision with GN's direction: "I didn't know whether or not I wanted 'Gamers' to have a possessive apostrophe -- I mean, grammatically it should, but I didn't like it in the name. It was ugly. I also had people who were typing apostrophes into the address bar - sigh. It made sense to just leave it as 'Gamers.'"
First world problems, Steve. First world problems.
Ask GN 53: VR Hype Die-Down, Vega's Naming Problem
Intel i9-7900X Review: Game Streaming, VR, Production, Overclocking
AMD R7 1700 vs. Intel i7-7700K VR Benchmarks: Vive & Rift In-Depth
VR Benchmarking Tackled: 5 Months in the Making


The Lazy Project Manager: How to be twice as productive and still leave the office early.
I've enjoyed Peter's contribution this week, but I can tell you, none of the project managers here this week are leaving the office early. We ended an interesting teambuilding event last night around 9:30, and immediately after, PM's could be seen scurrying back to their rooms to answer emails and anything else needed to keep their projects going. I'm amazed at the enthusiasm and work ethic of our PM's, including our many new PM's learning their trade in our Indy Technology Center.
Last nights event was led by True North, a teambuilding organization. We all had a great time, built relationships, and learned a valuable lesson of project management: the stronger you build your connections through teamwork, the less likely you have to defy the laws of physics to be successful. Or something like that.


text:
Q: Placing background image and text/icon in a button in SwiftUI? I'm trying to achieve something like this in SwiftUI:

I can create the button with rounded corners and I can also place the text in the center of it but that's about it.
I need to be able to place background image and the footer title/text and the icon at the top!
This is what I have so far:
                            Button(action: {
                                    //self.dismiss?()

                                })
                                {

                                    HStack(spacing: 10) {
                                        Image(systemName: "pencil").renderingMode(.template)
                                        Text(audio.name)
                                            //.font(.headline)
                                            .frame(width: 160, height: 200)

                                            .background(Color.gray)
                                            .addBorder(Color.white, width: 1, cornerRadius: 10)
                                    }

                                }

When I try my code, I get a button with rounded corner and the text in the middle but the  Image(systemName: "pencil") is outside of the button for some reason!
Can someone please guide me how to achieve this?
It might be worth mentioning that the background images are coming from a remote server.

A: First, to handle the backend that loads the image, create an Observable object that handles states and networking.
import Combine

class ImageManager: ObservableObject {

    // Property that fires an update onto the interface when it has any changes to its value
    @Published var image: UIImage? = nil

    init(link: String) {
        // Standard way of loading data from a link.
        guard let url = URL(string: link) else { return }
        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
            if let error = error {
                // handle the error here !
                print(error)
            } else if let data = data {
                // Never forget to update on the main thread !
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    self.image = UIImage(data: data)
                }
            }
        }
        task.resume()
    }
}

Second, build the Image view that handles the communication with the Observable object as it follows :
struct ImageLoader: View {

     // The property wrapper '@ObservedObject' makes our ImageLoader change its interface according to updates received from our ImageManager
     @ObservedObject private var manager: ImageManager

     init(link: String) {
         manager = ImageManager(link: link)
     }

     var body: some View {
         Image(uiImage: manager.image ?? UIImage())
            .resizable()
            .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fill)
            // Make the view greyish as long there is no image loaded to present
            .redacted(reason: manager.image == nil ? .placeholder:[])
    }
}

And third, build the final view. You can use overlay to add views on top of your card as well as a

.frame(maxWidth:, maxHeight, alignment:)

to build your overlay views efficiently without having too many additional views.
struct MovieCard: View {

    @State var thumbnailLink = "https://media.senscritique.com/media/000010045541/source_big/Tomb_Raider.png"

     var body: some View {
        ImageLoader(link: thumbnailLink)
            .frame(width: 200, height: 200)
            // Overlay is a very simple way to add content on top of your view !
            .overlay(
                 VStack {
                     // Using the system heart icon see https://developer.apple.com/sf-symbols/
                     Image(systemName: "suit.heart.fill")
                        .font(.title3)
                        .padding()
                        // Using maxWidth, maxHeight and alignement is usefull to not use additionnal views in your code (such as spacers, stacks, etc…)
                        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, maxHeight: .infinity, alignment: .topLeading)
                        .foregroundColor(.red)

                     Text("Movie title")
                        .font(Font.body.bold())
                        .foregroundColor(.white)
                        .padding()
                        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
                        .background(Color.red.opacity(0.7))
                }
            )
            .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12, style: .continuous))
            .shadow(color: Color.black.opacity(0.3), radius: 6, x: 0, y: 3)
            .onTapGesture {
                // Handle the action when the card is touched
            }
        }
    }

A: Move the frame and background modifiers to hstack:
            HStack {
                        Image(systemName: "pencil").renderingMode(.template)
                        Spacer()
                        Text("title goes here")
                        Spacer()
                }.frame(width: 160, height: 200)

                .background(Color.gray)
            }

You can also add a Spacer() between Image and Text and a Spacer() after Text, to align everything correctly

A: There are quite a few elements to get it right so I have placed comments below in relevant places.
Button(action: { }) {
    Image("Tomb_Raider")
        //declare your image as resizable, otherwise it will keep its original size
        .resizable()
        //declare the frame of the image (i.e. the size you want it to resize to)
        .frame(width: 160, height: 200)
        // place the red rectangle with text in an overlay
        // as opposed to HStack where elements are side by side
        // here the image will be placed under the rest
        .overlay(
            //This HStack places the text in the middle with some padding
            HStack {
                Spacer()
                Text("Title goes Here")
                    .font(.headline)
                    .foregroundColor(.white)
                    .padding(.vertical)
                 Spacer()
            }
                //set the background of the text to be semitransparent red
                .background(Color.red.opacity(0.6)),
                //this defines the alignment of the overlay
                alignment: .bottom)
        //clip everything to get rounded corners
        .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10))
    }

And that's how the end result looks:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Price Smash! Prices for 2019 at Crab Quay Cottage now reduced by 10% or more!
A former Pilot's retreat, Crab Quay Cottage benefits from views over the historical working harbour, as well as relaxing peeps towards the rustic coastline beyond. In recent years, the cottage has been completely refurbished, and is now laid out over three floors to provide comfortable sleeping for six across three bedrooms.
Downstairs, a relaxed lounge boasts the character charm of an exposed stone wall, as well as a cosy gas fireplace, perfect for gathering together to escape the cold winter nights. A modern, fully-equipped kitchen is perfect for preparing home cooked meals during your visit, gathered around the large dining table for meals together. Alternatively, why not open up the French doors to the balcony and let the sun shine through, or enjoy that morning coffee or glass of wine as the sun sets over the Brixham working harbour side. Over the first and second floors you will find three bright and relaxing bedrooms, as well as two contemporary bathrooms for freshening up before a day exploring.
There are plenty of local amenities right on your doorstep, including the refreshing open-air Shoalstone swimming pool filled with fresh sea water just 20 minutes' walk away. And after a long day of exploring, why not head back to the cottage and up to the loft room, and enjoy the board games to decide who is loading the dishwasher after food?! Alternatively, you can escape the rest of the family and unwind in front of the TV.
Entrance: The cottage is accessed via a paved garden to the front, leading to a porch for storing your outwear and shoes.
Kitchen-Diner: Well equipped with a four-ring gas hob, electric oven, fridge-freezer (60/40), slim line dishwasher and washer/dryer, as well as plenty of pots, pans and crockery. The dining table comfortably sits six people, whilst French doors open to the balcony with two tables, again seating six.
Lounge: two comfy sofas, coffee table, gas fire, Smart TV with Freeview, CD player and radio. Utility cupboard under the stairs.
Bedroom 1: A master bedroom with super king which is able to be split into two single beds on request (zip & link), bedside tables with reading lights, dressing table, full-length mirror and built in wardrobe.
Bedroom 2: This bedroom features two single beds (can be joined to form a double on request). A bedside table with reading light, as well as a hanging unit with storage baskets for clothes. Cast your eye over the working harbour side from the window in this bedroom!
Family bathroom: A tiled, contemporary bathroom with walk in shower cubicle, WC and wash basin.
Bedroom 3: Featuring a king size bed, two bedside units with lamps, a dressing table, full length mirror and built in wardrobe.
Second Family Bathroom: A modern bathroom with bath and shower overhead, WC and wash basin.
The entertainment hub of the house, with futon style sofa, two bean bags, TV with DVD player and a selection of board games.
Parking: is not provided for this property, but guests can check local parking options at Torbay.gov.uk. We recommend Oxen Cove or Freshwater Quarry car parks.
Security Deposit:This property has a refundable Accidental Damage Deposit of £250, which is payable to Blueriver Cottages with the final balance of your holiday, eight weeks prior to your arrival, and is refunded within 5 working days of your departure. Alternatively, you may wish to pay a non-refundable Accidental Damage Deposit Waiver equivalent to 10% of the Accidental Damage Deposit value, which covers you for the full value of the Accidental Damage Deposit, should any damage occur during your stay.
Utilities: Gas central heating, heated towel rails in both bathrooms and gas fire in the lounge.
Linen and Towels: Provided free of charge. Please provide your own beach towels.
Baby Equipment: Travel cot, highchair, stair gate. Please provide your own bedding and linen for travel cot.
Notes: No smoking. Wi-Fi Provided. Mobile signal patchy. Regret no pets.


Like any towering symbol, Muhammad Ali had very human contradictions.
Born in Louisville, Kentucky, in the segregated south, Cassius Clay, as he was christened, was made forcibly aware of America's "two nations"—one black, one white. After winning a gold medal at the 1960 Rome Olympics, he returned home to be refused service at a restaurant. This kind of incident was to influence his later commitments.
The Black Power-inspired protests of John Carlos and Tommie Smith at the 1968 Olympics, combined with the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, had made clear that sport could be used to amplify the experiences of black people the world over.
The events that followed Ali's call-up by the military in February 1966 were dramatized by a background of a growing resistance to the US involvement in the Vietnam War. Ali's oft-quoted remark "I ain't got no quarrel with them Vietcong" made headlines around the world. He insisted that his conscience, not cowardice, guided his decision not to serve in the military and so to many others he became a mighty signifier of pacifism. To others he was just another draft dodger.
Ali's refusal to serve in the armed forces resulted in a five-year legal struggle, during which time Ali was stripped of his title. During his exile, Ali had angered the NoI by announcing his wish to return to boxing if this was ever possible. Elijah, the supreme minister, denounced Ali for playing "the white man's games of civilization." He meant sports.
Other evaluations of sport were gathering force. The Black Power-inspired protests of John Carlos and Tommie Smith at the 1968 Olympics, combined with the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, had made clear that sport could be used to amplify the experiences of black people the world over. While Ali was a bête noir for many whites and indeed blacks, several civil rights leaders, sports performers and entertainers came out publicly in his defense. He was hailed as their champion.
His years of exile over, he returned to boxing. But prospect of a smooth transition back to the title was dashed on March 1971 by Joe Frazier, who had taken the title in Ali's absence and defended it with unexpected tenacity in a contest that started one of the most virulent rivalries in sport. Ali had called Frazier a "white man's champion" and declared: "Any black man who's for Joe Frazier is a traitor." Ali lost once to Frazier and beat him twice over the following years, every fight being viciously fought.
Ali had to wait until 1974 before getting another chance at the world title. By this time, Ali, at 32, was not favored; in fact, many feared for his well being against the hitherto unbeaten George Foreman. The fight in Zaire became immortalised as "The Rumble in the Jungle" and Ali emerged again as champion.
In June 1979 Ali announced his retirement from boxing. At 37, he appeared to have made a graceful exit when he moved to Los Angeles with his third wife Veronica, whom he had married two years before. His first marriage lasted less than a year ending in 1966; Ali married again in 1967, again in 1977 and then in 1986 to his current wife Yolanda Williams.
Hauser estimates Ali's career earnings in 1979 to be "tens of millions of dollars." Yet, on his retirement, Ali was not wealthy.
Within 15 months of his retirement, Ali returned to the ring, his principal motivation being money. He had made several poor business investments and, while prolonging his sports career seemed suicidal, he managed one more fight, again ending in defeat. He was 39 and had fought 61 times.
In 1984, he disappointed his supporters when he nominally supported Ronald Reagan's re-election bid. He also endorsed George Bush in 1988. The Republican Party's policies, particularly in regard to affirmative action programs, were widely seen as detrimental to the interests of African Americans and Ali's actions were, for many, tantamount to betrayal.
Over a period of five decades, Ali excited a variety of responses—admiration and respect, but also condemnation. At different points in his life, he drew the adulation of young people committed to peace, civil rights and Black Power; and the anger of those pursuing social integration.
Ali engaged with the central issues that preoccupied America: race and war. But it would be remiss to understand him as a symbol of social healing; much of his mission was to expose and, perhaps, to deepen divisions. He preached peace, yet aligned himself with a movement that sanctioned racial separation and the subordination of women. He accepted a role with the liberal Democratic administration of Jimmy Carter, yet later sided with reactionaries, Reagan and Bush. He advocated black pride, yet disparaged and dehumanized fellow blacks. He taught the importance of self-determination, yet allowed himself to be sucked into so many doubtful business deals that he was forced to prolong his career to the point where his dignity was effaced.
Like any towering symbol, he had very human contradictions.


Google Inc. has launched a beautiful addition to the famous Google Chrome browser, which allows you to update method for opening new tabs within the browser, making it more dynamic and aesthetic before.
You can install and add the Earth View from Google Maps from the Chrome store through the Chrome browser directly, and once cast operator will notice that when you open a new tab on the browser you'll see a pretty picture taken satellite to somewhere on the map.
The purpose of this addendum is the change to the classic style of the page at the new tab on the Chrome browser, and lets you know where this photograph was taken, so that the name of the region and the state at the bottom shows, and when you click on the map icon is going to the region in the image within Google Maps.


This past year was a big one for technology. It seems like everyone has the latest gadgets, from wireless doorbells, to talking towers and, yes, home camera and security systems.
In the past, if you went into a listed property, you and your Realtor could walk around and freely discuss the merits of the property. With the widespread use of technology, you must now expect that you are being recorded, in some capacity. A paragraph has been added to our local listing form (Northern Virginia) that asks a seller to reveal whether or not they are recording activity in their home. There is also drop down on our on-line listing entry, under Security, that would allow us to indicate if there is 'Security Surveillance.' There is nothing, however, that mandates this disclosure. As a Buyer's Agent, I check for this information, but I can only know what has been disclosed.
A Best Practice, for both Realtors and Purchasers, is to assume that you are being recorded and behave accordingly.
Most Buyer's Agents will advise their buyers to 'keep their cards close' in a negotiation. Obviously, if the seller has access to your running commentary as you viewed their house, that advice means nothing. Of course, even if you put in a fair offer, your comments made during the showing could have irritated the seller, leading to a potentially hostile negotiation. Remember, selling a home is often an emotional sale. Hearing that you don't LOVE their home, or that you plan to gut it, may not leave a seller feeling warmly toward your offer.
It is a Brave New World out there Buyers! Remember that your words are not necessarily private if spoken within a listed property. Behave accordingly and you stand the best chance of landing your next home!


Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM) will host the 7th International Congress of the Spanish Society of Iranian Studies (SEI) October 16-17.
Scholars from Iran, Spain, Turkey, Georgia and Russia are to attend the meeting at the Autonomous University of Madrid, Mehr News Agency reported.
SEI is organizing the congress in collaboration with the Iranian Embassy in Madrid. The reports said 20 articles are to be presented on the subjects of ancient Iran, Iran in the Islamic period and contemporary Iran.


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Vancouver's transportation manager suggests new cycling tunnel to North Shore
Kenneth Chan
May 31 2019, 7:41 pm
Temporary cycling tunnel in Amsterdam, May 2019. (Peter Eijking / YouTube screenshot)
Could a rapid transit tunnel under Burrard Inlet between Vancouver and the North Shore include a path for cyclists?
Opinion: SkyTrain must be extended from downtown Vancouver to the North Shore
Vancouver-North Shore rapid transit line to be studied by BC government
TransLink launches public consultation for 30-year public transit expansion plan
New cruise ships can't get under the Lions Gate Bridge to reach Canada Place
TransLink approves the routes for new regional Major Bikeway Network
This idea by City of Vancouver transportation planning manager Dale Bracewell has been making the rounds on social media this week, after he tweeted the idea and included a video of the IJtunnel in Amsterdam being temporarily used by cyclists.
Dare to dream with me – what if a new #NorthShore rapid transit link included the opportunity to have a direct cycling connection to #Vancouver?
While I love my waterfront views from Lion's Gate Bridge, I welcome this for our rainy days. #Transport2050
pic.twitter.com/xnkeEGsErV
— Dale Bracewell (@Dale_Bracewell) May 28, 2019
According to Cycling Weekly, the 1.6-km-long, car-only tunnel was turned into a cycling highway for bikes earlier this week due to a nationwide public transit workers strike. To maintain timely and efficient access to the city, transportation officials decided to close the route to cars and turn it into a route exclusively for bikes and emergency vehicles.
Of course, there are a myriad of considerations for such a North Shore cycling tunnel idea, including technical feasibility, public safety (the tunnel to the North Shore would most likely be quite long), and the added cost.
Secondary separated paths are not uncommon for longer tunnel routes, although they are usually built for maintenance and emergency refuge purposes. Seattle's recently completed US$3.3-billion, 3.2-km-long roadway tunnel includes a large maintenance tunnel, using the void unused spaces created in the bored tunnel.
The stacked four-lane tunnel that will replace the Alaskan Way Viaduct. It includes emergency refuge space and a maintenance level beneath the roadway decks. (Washington State Department of Transportation)
The provincial government recently launched a major technical feasibility study to determine the possibility of building a new rapid transit connection between Vancouver and the North Shore, including the exploration of the option of a SkyTrain extension.
TransLink is also currently in the process of creating its Transport 2050 regional transportation strategy, which is expected to outline serious long-term transportation improvements for the North Shore.
This is not the first time an active transportation (walking- and cycling-only) connection has been pondered for the North Shore. In fact, there was an official agreement between the provincial government, City of Vancouver, Vancouver Park Board, and TransLink to shut down the Lions Gate Bridge and Stanley Park Causeway to all car traffic by 2030, but only if a new replacement road crossing were constructed.
According to the terms of the agreement, without any car traffic, the bridge and causeway would be converted to either an exclusive route for cyclists, pedestrians, public transit, and/or an extension of Stanley Park's green space.
The agreement was made in 2000 when the Lions Gate Bridge was undergoing a major deck replacement, and an option of widening the bridge and causeway from three lanes to four lanes was being considered. However, the agreement was cancelled in 2015 by the provincial and municipal governments — not that it would have mattered anyway, given that there are no plans to build a new roadway to the North Shore.
For a backgrounder on the possible routes and geotechnical challenges of building a new tunnelled rail rapid transit route from Vancouver to the North Shore, read Daily Hive's previous feature story on the need for a North Shore SkyTrain extension.


precious important people to me. if you've been around long then you've seen them before.
my little sister's best friend—became a dear friend, a treasure in my life.
i get that solid lump in my throat when i think about all of it.


Firefighters are dealing with a house fire in Jennett's Park.
Crews were called to Merlin Way at 4.38pm.
A crew from Wokingham fire station is on the scene and crews from Wokingham Road and Whitley Wood stations also attended but have since left.


Mobile Computing is a technology that allows users with portable computers still have network connections while they move. In Mobile computing, mobility and scalability should be possible in many applications. Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is one of the most important and unique applications. In MANET infrastructure does not need a fixed network. Every node act as a transmitter and receiver. Communication occurs within their same communication range only, and communicates directly each other. Otherwise, they should relay on their neighbors to send relay messages. In open medium and wide distribution of nodes make MANET vulnerable to malicious attackers. A new instruction-detection system named Enhanced Adaptive ACKnowledgment (EAACK) specially designed for MANETs. In existing system RSA and Digital Signature are used. In this paper to reduce the network overhead caused by digital signature by using AES public key cryptography system and AODV routing protocol. To develop efficient instruction-detection mechanisms, protect MANET from attacks. It detects malicious misbehavior nodes more efficiently.
Enhanced Adaptive ACKnowledgment (EAACK); Digital Signature; Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA); Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET); Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV); Advanced Encryption Standard (AES); Routing Overhead (RO).
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a one of the wireless method. The devices are moving in randomly different directions and communicating with one to another within each nodes communication range. To extend the nodes communication range, the other nodes in the network act as routers. Thus, the communication may be occurring via multiple intermediate nodes between source and destination. MANETs have a wide range of applications, specifically in military operations and emergency and disaster relief efforts , .
The open network and remote distribution method of MANET make it vulnerable to various types of attacks. For example, the nodes environmental protection, malicious attackers can easily capture and compromise nodes and make attacks. Most of the routing protocols in MANETs assume that every node in the network behaves cooperatively with other nodes and presumably not malicious attackers can easily compromise MANETs by inserting malicious or no cooperative nodes into the network. An intrusion detection system (IDSs), which is used to detect and mention an attack after it is accrued, this systems are very important to MANET's security.
The cryptographic algorithms are classified into two different types such as symmetric and asymmetric method .In symmetric encryption method both sender and receiver share the common key value for encryption and decryption. That the sender find some secure way to deliver the encryption/decryption key to the receiver. The key distribution needs to deliver key to the receiver and also described about the key distribution difficulties. There are large number of protocols provides various types of techniques. These protocols are to provide more secure but less performance. The public key cryptography or asymmetric cryptographic method solves the problems of key distribution. The pair keys are used for encryption. The data encrypts with public key and corresponding private key should used for decryption. Every user has one pair of keys. All others know the public key and the private key must be kept in secretly.
If anyone wants to send some information to you they read your public key and encrypt the information. Then the encrypted data received by you. The encrypted data is using your private key to decrypt it. But public key cryptosystems have one issue that users must be constantly vigilant to ensure that they are encrypting to the correct person's key. The public keys are assured by you and the public keys to which you are encrypting data is in fact the public key of the intended receiver. The identification of correct public key of proper person is more difficult without using any third party. Everyone knows the cryptographic algorithms functionality. The sender sends his data using any one cryptographic algorithm with key value. The key value is more confidential. The key management is also more complex.
Hybrid encryption is a mode of encryption that merges two or more encryption systems. It is a combination of symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption to benefit from the strengths of each form of encryption. It gives high strength which means respectively defined as speed and security. For network security there are various cryptographic algorithms are available. The symmetric cryptographic algorithms are high speed compared than asymmetric cryptographic algorithms or public key cryptographic systems like RSA, Elliptic Curve Cryptography. The public key cryptographic algorithms are more secure than symmetric algorithms. Because, it has two keys one for encryption and another one for decryption. In this hybrid encryption technique we propose asymmetric encryption for encryption/decryption and using public key cryptosystems for authentication .
1) Digital signature with appendix: The original message is required in the signature verification algorithm. Digital signature algorithm (DSA)  is one of the examples for this method.
Digital signature with message recovery: This type of scheme does not require any other information besides the signature itself in the verification process. RSA  algorithm is one of the example for this method.
If d == d_, so it is safe to claim that the message m_ transmitted through an unsecured channel is indeed sent from Alice and the message itself is intact.
Figure 3 describes EAACK scheme work process and describes system control flow, and shows the system flow of how the EAACK scheme works.
EAACK is consisted of three major parts.1.ACK, 2.Secure ACK (S-ACK), and 3.Misbehavior Report Authentication (MRA).
ACK is an end-to-end acknowledgment scheme. And it acts as one of the part of the hybrid scheme in EAACK. It aims to reduce network overhead when no network misbehavior is detected. ACK mode in figure8 described, and node S first sends out an ACK data packet Pad1 to the destination node D. Determine all the intermediate nodes along the route between nodes S and D are cooperative and node D successfully receives Pad1. The node D is required to send back an ACK acknowledgment packet Pak1 along the same route but in a reverse order. If node S receives Pak1 within a predefined time period. Then the packet transmission from node S to node D is successful. Or else, node S will move to S-ACK mode by sending out an S-ACK data packet to detect the misbehaving nodes in the route.
TWOACK's improved level is called as Secure ACKnowledgment. The purpose is every three consecutive nodes work in a group to detect misbehaving nodes in network. For every three consecutive nodes participate in the route. If the third node is should send an S-ACK acknowledgment packet to the first node. The purpose of introducing S-ACK mode is to detect misbehaving nodes in the presence of receiver collision or limited transmission power. Figure. 4 shows S-ACK mode, and the three consecutive nodes (i.e., F1, F2, and F3) work in a group to detect misbehavior nodes in the network. First node F1 sends S-ACK data packet Psad1 to node F2. And then, the node F2 forwards this packet to node F3. After when node F3 receives Psad1 and node F3 is required to send back an S-ACK acknowledgment packet Psak1 to node F2.Then node F2 forwards Psak1 back to node F1. Otherwise node F1 does not receive this acknowledgment packet within a predefined time period means, nodes F2 and F3 both are reported as malicious nodes. And also, a misbehavior report will be generated by node F1 and sent to the source node S. The source node immediately trusts the misbehavior report. But EAACK requires the source node to switch to MRA mode and confirm this misbehavior report. Moreover it is a vital step to detect false misbehavior report in our proposed scheme.
Misbehavior Report Authentication (MRA) scheme is designed to detect misbehaving nodes with the presence of false misbehavior report. Then the false misbehavior report can be generated by malicious attackers to falsely report innocent nodes as malicious. This type of attack can be affecting the entire network when the attackers break down sufficient nodes and thus cause a network division. The goal of MRA scheme is to authenticate, if the destination node has received the reported missing packet through a different route. To mention the MRA mode, first the source node searches its local knowledge base and seeks for an alternative route to the destination node. Otherwise there is no other that exists.
Then the source node starts a DSR routing request to find another route. Based on the nature function of MANETs, it is most common to find out multiple routes between two nodes .To adopting an alternative route to the destination node, we win the misbehavior reporter node. And when the destination node receives an MRA packet, it should search its local knowledge base and compares if the reported packet was received. Otherwise it is already received means, it is safe to decide that this is a false misbehavior report and whoever generated this report is marked as malicious. Or else, the misbehavior report is trusted and accepted by source node. To the adoption of MRA scheme and EAACK is capable of detecting malicious nodes despite the existence of false misbehavior report. All three major parts are relying on acknowledgment packets to detect misbehaviors in the network. It is extremely important to ensure that all acknowledgment packets in EAACK are authentic one. Or else, if the attackers are smart enough to forge acknowledgment packets. And all of the three schemes will be vulnerable.
The existing scheme implemented both DSA and RSA in EAACK scheme. The DSA scheme always produces slightly less network overhead than RSA does. The signature size of DSA is much smaller than the signature size of RSA. The RO differences between RSA and DSA schemes vary with different numbers of malicious nodes. The number of malicious nodes are provides more ROs in the RSA scheme process. More malicious nodes require more acknowledgment packets. Based on that it increasing the ratio of digital signature in the whole network overhead . Many of the existing IDSs in MANETs adopt an acknowledgment based scheme, including EAACK. The functions of such detection scheme largely depend on the acknowledgment packets. Hence, it is guarantee that the acknowledgment packets are valid and authentic by using digital signature. In this research work, our goal is to propose an IDS specially designed for MANETs, which solves routing overhead caused by digital signature but also improve the security in system.
In this paper, we propose a hybrid cryptography technique to reduce the network overhead caused by digital signature. Some times more malicious nodes are present in the network. In more malicious nodes require more acknowledgement packets. At that time the ratio of digital signature in the whole network overhead. In the presence of malicious nodes, routing overhead reduced by any hybrid techniques . Our propose a hybrid technique by using RSA and AES. In this research work, first we find out the secure route for data transmission. The sender sends a data to the destination in securely. In our work, sender sends a request message for route identification to the destination. Route identification based on AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol) protocol concept. The AODV routing protocol is a reactive routing protocol. Because, routes are determined only when nodes needed.
AODV is capable of both unicast and multicast routing. AODV builds routes using a route request / route reply query cycle. A source node desires a route to a destination for which it does not already have a route; it broadcasts a route request (RREQ) packet across the network . Nodes receiving this packet update their information for the source node and set up backwards pointers to the source node in the route tables.
In addition to the source node's IP address and current sequence number and broadcast ID, and also the RREQ contains the most recent sequence number for the destination of which the source node is aware. Then a node receiving the RREQ may send a route reply (RREP) if it is either the destination or if it has a route to the destination with corresponding sequence number greater than or equal to that contained in the RREQ. It unicast a RREP back to the source. Or else, it rebroadcasts the RREQ. Then nodes keep track of the RREQ's source IP address and broadcast ID. But they receive a RREQ which they have already processed. Then they discard the RREQ and do not forward it.
As the RREP propagates back to the source, then nodes set up forward pointers to the destination. Once the source node receives the RREP means it may begin to forward data packets to the destination. The source receives a RREP containing a greater sequence number or contains the same sequence number with a smaller hop count. Then it updates its routing information for that destination and begins using the better route. Based on this protocol, the destination is required to send a reply message to the corresponding sender.
After getting a secure route, our send a data securely to the destination by using hybrid encryption techniques. The source node sent data will be encrypted with RSA and AES before its travelling to the destination node. Before receiving the data to the destination node will decrypted with RSA and AES. In our work with malicious and non malicious nodes in the network. At the destination node the data will be available for decryption process. Destination node receives the data. The destination node required to send an acknowledgement packet to the source. In the presence of malicious node, the destination node is not received the data from the source. Because the sender node cannot be identified the route to the destination.
Our simulation is conducted within the Network Simulator (NS) 2.28 have platform with GCC 4.3 and Fedora 13. A laptop contains with Core 2 Duo T7250 CPU and 3-GB RAM. To getting better compare our simulation results with other research works, we adopted to NS 2.28 default scenario settings. The intention is to provide more general results and make it easier for us to compare the results. In NS 2.28, the default configuration specifies 50 nodes in a flat space with a size of 670 × 670 m. The maximum hops are allowed in this configuration setting are four.
Both the physical layer and the 802.11 MAC layer are included in the wireless extension of NS2. The moving speed of mobile node is limited to 20 m/s and a pause time of 1000 s. User Datagram Protocol traffic with constant bit rate is implemented with a packet size of 512 B.
For each scheme, we ran every network scenario three times and calculated the average performance.
Routing Overhead defines the ratio of the amount of routing related transmissions [Route REQuest (RREQ), Route REPly (RREP), Route ERRor (RERR), ACK, S-ACK, and MRA].During the simulation, the source route makes unicast and multicast an RREQ message to all the neighbors within its communication range.
Upon receiving this RREQ message, each and every neighbor appends their addresses to the message and broadcasts this new message to their neighbors. In case any node receives the same RREQ message more than once, it ignores it. If there is a failed node is detected means, it generally indicates a broken link in flat routing protocols like AES, a RERR message is sent to the source node. The RREQ message arrives to its final destination node, it initiates an RREP message and sends this message back to the source node by reversing the route in the RREQ message.
But theoretically the data is open to two attacks, first one is brute-forcing the RSA and get the secret key to decrypt the AES and second one is directly by brute-forcing the AES. But again using 2048-bit RSA and 256-bit AES wouldn't be possible to brute-force any of them any time soon. Such that the 256-bit AES must be harder than the 2048-bit RSA, else the data is now less secure. But since AES is 'thousands of times' faster than RSA this doesn't feels true. By Guessing a 32- byte AES password seems easier than guessing the much longer private key.
In Scenario 1 have existing system results. That contain no of malicious nodes and routing over head (RO). In here we apply RSA and DSA algorithms in DSR routing protocol.
In Scenario 1 have existing system results. That contain no of malicious nodes and routing over head (RO). In here we apply RSA and AES algorithms in AODV routing protocol.
Compare to figure 5 and figure 6 the RO level should be decreased in figure 6. Because we use AODV protocol and public key cryptography based on RSA and AES algorithms. This is our proposed system result.
Packet-dropping attack has always been a major threat to the security in MANETs. Although it generates more ROs in some cases, we think that this tradeoff is worthwhile when network security is the top priority. Furthermore, in an effort to prevent the attackers from initiating forged acknowledgment attacks, we extended our research to incorporate hybrid technique in our proposed scheme; it can reduce the routing overhead in the network.
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