text:
William Dallas Bynum (June 26, 1846 – October 21, 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1885 to 1895.

Bynum was born near Newberry, Indiana. Although he lived for some time in Washington D.C., he was a lifelong Hoosier. He was educated in the state's schools, graduated from Indiana University, studied and practiced law there, started his political career in Washington, Indiana, and, after his service in the other Washington, returned to Indiana. There, he lived out the remainder of his days.

After graduation from Indiana University in 1869, Bynum studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1872, hung out a shingle, and set up practice in Washington, Indiana.

Political life
He was Washington's first City Clerk. He was City Attorney from 1871 until 1875, and Mayor from 1876 until 1879.

In 1880, he moved from Daviess County to Indianapolis. He was a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from 1881 until 1885, serving as House Speaker in 1885.

Bynum was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1895). For part of that time he was House Minority Whip.

In 1890, Bynum was censured for calling a Republican foe a tyrant and despot — and was censured by the Republican majority for "unparliamentary language". As he walked down the aisle to receive his punishment, the entire Democratic side rose, went down and stood in a solid body with him.

He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress.

Remaining in the nation's capital, Bynum was active in the organization of the National (Gold-Standard) Democratic Party, in 1896. He chaired its national committee through 1898.

In 1900, Bynum was appointed by President McKinley to be a member of a commission to codify the United States' criminal laws. He served on the commission until 1906.

He then returned to Indiana and retired from the practice of law.

He died in Indianapolis on October 21, 1927 and was interred in Oak Grove Cemetery, in Washington, Indiana.

See also
List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded

References

External links

1846 births
1927 deaths
Censured or reprimanded members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Speakers of the Indiana House of Representatives


The Defra Secretary of State has a statutory obligation under the Marine and Coastal Access Act (MACCA) 2009 to prepare a report into the conduct and operation of IFCAs every four years, which is laid before Parliament. They are now collecting evidence to inform the report for the period 2014 – 2018.
The report will assess all IFCAs against their five high level objectives set out in the IFCA Vision and Success Criteria document.
 train their staff, if staff are appropriately skilled and whether they can make fair management decisions and engage in relevant research.
Defra anticipate that the final report will be presented to Parliament in early 2019.


text:
West Valley Master Plan Community Sierra Montaña to Join City Property Management in 2021
Ending the year on a strong note, City Property Management is proud to welcome master plan community Sierra Montaña to our ever-growing family. "We are thrilled to have the opportunity to serve the community," said Vice President of Client Relations David Jones. "We believe that at City Property Management we are skilled to handle communities of all sizes, from small condominiums to master plans communities like Sierra Montaña."
Sitting at the foot of the White Tank Mountain Regional Park in Surprise, this master plan community with 2,584 lots is also conveniently located just west of the Loop 303 with plenty of shopping and dining options nearby.
Boasting numerous amenities, the community includes a central Sierra Montaña park that includes a recreation center and athletic courts. This large scale community also maintains over 40 acres of land and has four miles of scenic walking paths with nine parks with tot lots, picnic seating, and basketball courts for ample outdoor activities and family friendly fun.
City Property Ends Year With Addition of Four New Communities in Fourth Quarter
USPS Raises Rates in August 2021 What Does that Mean for HOAs?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Serializing and Deserializing with Polymorphism and Protobuf-net I'm trying to use protobuf-net to serialize objects. I'm not sure if what I'm trying to do with inheritance is supported, but I thought I'd check and see if it is or if I'm just doing something wrong.
Essentially, I'm trying to serialize some child class and then deserialize it back, but doing it with just a base class reference. To demonstrate:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using ProtoBuf;

public class main : MonoBehaviour
{
    // If I don't put "SkipConstructor = true" I get
    // ProtoException: No parameterless constructor found for Parent
    // Ideally, I wouldn't have to put "SkipConstructor = true" but I can if necessary
    [ProtoContract(SkipConstructor = true)]
    [ProtoInclude(1, typeof(Child))]
    abstract class Parent
    {
        [ProtoMember(2)]
        public float FloatValue
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public virtual void Print()
        {
            UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Parent: " + FloatValue);
        }
    }

    [ProtoContract]
    class Child : Parent
    {
        public Child()
        {
            FloatValue = 2.5f;
            IntValue   = 13;
        }

        [ProtoMember(3)]
        public int IntValue
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public override void Print()
        {
            UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Child: " + FloatValue + ", " + IntValue);
        }
    }

    void Start()
    {
        Child child = new Child();
        child.FloatValue = 3.14f;
        child.IntValue   = 42;

        System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();

        // I don't *have* to do this, I can, if needed, just use child directly.
        // But it would be cool if I could do it from an abstract reference
        Parent abstractReference = child;

        ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(ms, abstractReference);

        ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<Parent>(ms).Print();
    }
}

This outputs:

Parent: 0

What I'd like it to output is:

Child: 3.14 42

Is this even possible? And if so, what am I doing wrong? I've read various questions on SO about inheritance and protobuf-net, and they're all a bit different than this example (as far as I've understood them).

A: You'll kick yourself. The code is fine except for one thing - you forgot to rewind the stream:
ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(ms, abstractReference);
ms.Position = 0; // <========= add this
ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<Parent>(ms).Print();

As it was, the Deserialize was reading 0 bytes (because it was at the end), thus trying to create the parent type. An empty stream is perfectly valid in terms of the protobuf specification - it just means an object without any interesting values.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This is a uniquely designed wall hanging made of brass. The elephants trunk carries a bell hanging below. The showpiece has been meticulously carved, with an eye to minute details, like the Ganesha's decorative head and crown.


History: On September 12, 1951 at the Polo Grounds in New York middleweight champion Randy Turpin made his first title defense against the man he won the title from in July, 1951, Sugar Ray Robinson. Robinson, in front of a crowd of 61, 437 fans shwed the great talents that had made him a winner at every level of the sport and stopped Turpin in the 10th round. Referee Ruby Goldstein called a halt to the action after a virtually helpless Turpin arose from a a solid combination by Robinson. Offered here is a very rare on site poster to this event.
Full description: This on site poster is cardboard and pictures both fighters. It has mounted on linen backing for further protection. Has a mild center crease. There has been some restoration, primarily to the edges and the poster has been professionally cleaned. The images and print remain bold. Edge and corner wear. 22" x 27 1/2." An exceptionally rare Robinson poster celebrating his winning of the middleweight title. The only known on poster to this event we have seen or handled.


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Hakhel Spotlight: Israeli Community Barcelona
By Hazon on April 10, 2019 in Hakhel Blog, Hakhel Blog, Jewish Intentional Communities
The Israeli Community Barcelona was established in October 2016 by a group of local Israelis who sought to join together in order to create a framework for social activities. The activities take place in Hebrew and revolve around Jewish holidays and Israeli culture.
The opening event was a Hanukkah party, which brought together 120 Israelis to a celebration of light and joy. Later, events for adults were also held and most of the holidays were celebrated in a traditional but non-religious manner, with the participation and assistance of the entire community.
In September 2017, the community education center was established – an Israeli cultural home for children ages 2-8. The children meet twice a month and learn about the holidays, Israeli songs and stories, movement, music, acting, and more. What connects all activity is the Hebrew language and Israeli culture. The children play in Hebrew and enrich their vocabulary, taste Israeli culture and are curious to continue exploring beyond the activity.
At the same time, the holiday traditions continued to grow, bringing local Israelis closer to an exciting and colorful cultural celebration. In addition, a group was established to support women in the first month after birth, by bringing home-cooked food to the family and assisting the mother. A community committee was established, which began by institutionalizing and organizing the manner of conduct and gave guidelines and a framework for community activity.
In September 2018, the activity was extended to older children ages 9 and up. A branch of the Hashomer Hatzair movement was established. Five boys and girls were given guidance in a training seminar and became the monitors of the young classes.
Today the Israeli community in Barcelona has 150 adults. The educational frameworks have about 50 children and they enjoy rich activities for all ages and a wide range of possibilities.
The community was registered as a non-profit organization which has allowed for fundraising and supporting the expansion and establishment of activities.
Israeli Community Barcelona is a Hakhel community. Learn more about Hakhel – the first-of-its-kind Jewish Intentional Communities Incubator
Hakhel Newsletter December 2021
Hakhel Newsletter November 2021
Hakhel Newsletter October 2021
Helping our Oceans: Hazon Seal Spotlight and Call to Action
The Four Children: Fresh insight from a beloved text


After a slow 0-5 start to the 2015 season, the Massachusetts men's lacrosse team came back around and scraped its way into the Colonial Athletic Association championship game, before falling to Towson 9-8 at Rafferty Stadium in Fairfield, Connecticut.
Now, UMass is days away from starting a 2016 season that holds many questions yet to be answered.
Last July, the Minutemen's leading scorer Nick Mariano (20 goals, 22 assists) transferred to Syracuse, leaving UMass without its top scorer for the past two seasons.
The Minutemen also watched as goalkeeper Zach Oliveri transferred back home to Long Island, New York to attend Stony Brook, while midfielder Ryan Izzo departed via graduation.
With Mariano gone, the likes of Brendan Hegarty, Gianni Bianchin, Dan Muller and Peter Lindley will be relied on to make up that lost production. But UMass coach Greg Cannella, who is beginning his 22nd year as head coach, does not believe it will come down to just one person.
"I think there is going to be a lot of guys and it's going to be by committee right now," Cannella said.
UMass finished second in the CAA in goals (146) last season, while ranking first in goals per game (9.73). With that said, having an offense that does not rely on one player is something the Minutemen should embrace, according to Cannella.
One of the leaders on that offense is going to be Hegarty, who finished his sophomore year last season with 22 goals, which tied Mariano for the most on UMass.
"This year everyone is working around in the offense and we're looking to get everybody touches and I think as more of a unit we're going to have success," Hegarty said.
The Achilles heel of 2015 Minutemen was the defense, however, which allowed an average of 10.73 goals per game and a total of 161 goals, which both ranked last in the CAA.
The Minutemen often found themselves playing catch up and were outscored in the first half of games by an 84-61 margin.
Senior midfielder Kurt Hunziker said he expects a veteran presence to make a major difference on the defense this season.
"We have our senior captains down there, so that's huge for us. Kyle (Karaska), Bob (Fahey) and Kevin (Porzelt) have a ton of experience. All three of them are lock-down defenders," Hunziker said.
But with Oliveri no longer with the team, the Minutemen are left to find a new goalie after he had started for the past three seasons.
D.J. Smith has the most experience of the three who are competing for the spot, playing in four games last season backing up Oliveri. The other two in contention are sophomore Dan Dolan and freshman Sean Sconone, according to Cannella.
Cannella said his decision on the starter will come later this week.
"All three have played well throughout the year here and it is a pretty tight race," Cannella said.
His decision will come just before UMass travels to West Point to take on Army and officially kick off its 2016 season.
The first few games of the season are going to loom larger than normal after last year's disappointing start, as the Minutemen are all too aware of the position a bad start to the season can put them in.
Given the strength of this year's schedule, a good start to the season is even more imperative.
UMass is scheduled to play five teams that were in the NCAA tournament last season – No. 11 Ohio State, Brown, Albany, North Carolina and conference rival Towson.
"We bring guys in and we tell them that we are going to try to play at the best and highest level of Division I lacrosse and we try to make our opponents be that way. We try to schedule the best we can," Cannella said.
After falling 12-7 to the Black Knights in last year's opener, the Minutemen will travel to Army and try to return the favor Friday.
Last year's loss, which led to a five-game losing streak to start the season, speaks volumes about how important the first game of the season can be.
Army finished last season at 10-7 and is ranked fourth in the Patriot League's preseason poll. Cole Johnson, who led the Black Knights in goals last season with 36, will most likely give UMass's unpredictable defense the most trouble.
"Definitely guys get up for the first game of the season. It is definitely important to start out on the right note," Hegarty said.
Cannella kept his game plan for Army short and simple.
"The game plan is to go there and try and do our best, they kicked the snot out of us last year," he said.


Maybe the Eagles will do better as the underdogs. It appears that the once mighty and crowded Eagles bandwagon has crashed. Jumping fans and media are everywhere. Maybe without the pressure the Eagles can live up to expectations.
Prior the to season a lot of people had the Ravens game circled as a win. The Ravens were supposed to have an aging defense. The offense was being lead by a rookie QB from Delaware. The team was being run by a rookie coach who never even held a lead coordinator position. Despite being a road game all signs pointed to an easy Eagles victory. 12 weeks later, my how things have changed.
What's the key to betting the Ravens? The obvious answer is to follow the blueprint of the G-Men. I know, easier said then done.
The obvious keys on defense...shut down the run and pressure Flacco into making mistakes. Last week against the Giants the Raven RBs were limited to 64 yards and Flacco threw 2 interceptions. It can be done. The Eagles are the NFL leaders in QB sacks (36) and are also in the top 3rd in stopping the run.
The Eagles offense, well they need balance and to limit turnovers. Please Andy, run the ball. If B-West isn't healthy run Buck, make B-West the sub. The Eagles cannot go into this game with another unbalanced attack that relies to heavily on the pass.
The Ravens pass defense enters the game tied for second in the NFL in interceptions with 15 and ranked third in yards allowed.
In the Eagles' 5 victories, McNabb has thrown 8 TDs and 3 interceptions and been sacked 6 times. In the Eagles' 4 losses and 1 tie, McNabb has thrown 6 touchdowns and 5 interceptions and been sacked 9 times.
And with the Eagles you also have to wonder how successful the Eagles offense can be if the lowly Bengal defenders knew what plays were coming from the Eagles. Just think what could happen with a top ranked D and a coach who use to coach for the Eagles. Yikes!
Can the Eagles win, sure they can. Is it too late to revive the Eagles buzz, not yet. One game at a time. One win at a time. The Eagles need to win. Desperation can lead to pretty amazing things.
Unfortunately, if Andy puts together another pass, pass, pass game plan against the Ravens Pass Defense, not only will the Eagles be going in as Underdogs, they will be coming out as the Underdog. The Eagles MUST run the ball more against the Ravens and be more physical, otherwise it is going to be an ugly, sad game for the Eagles.
How can you run the ball when OL gets whipped? RB gets his in the back field.


text:
Insufficient Data, Misleading Recommendations Led To Significant Early Heterogeneity In Global COVID-19 Patient Management, According To Recent BMJ Study
While there was extensive use of drug repurposing throughout the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was substantial heterogeneity over the types of drugs used for treatment purposes globally. Some drugs, including hydroxychloroquine, saw sharp declines in use, while adjunctive therapies grew into a more relied upon method for patient management.
In a number of cases, scientific discovery overturned misconceptions proclaimed via press conferences and social media.
The OHDSI network study "Use of repurposed and adjuvant drugs in hospital patients with covid-19: multinational network cohort study," published May 11 by The BMJ, provides a global view of drug utilization in routine practice of more than 303,000 hospitalized patients from China, South Korea, Spain and the United States. The study highlights the need for future research on the safety and efficacy of the more commonly used treatments.
Time trends of the percentage (%) of use of hydroxychloroquine on days 0 to 30 after hospitalization in patients hospitalized with a positive test or a diagnosis of COVID-19 by month.
"At the start of the pandemic, when we knew little about COVID-19 and how to treat it, there were many differences between hospitals around the world on how health professionals were treating it," said study co-lead Albert Prats-Uribe, a DPhil candidate and Research Assistant in Clinical Epidemiology at the University of Oxford.
"This was also influenced by political and social media pressures that spread misinformation," said senior author Dani Prieto-Alhambra, Professor of Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology at the University of Oxford. "Once reliable evidence from well-designed and performed studies came in, the situation quickly improved, and hospitals stopped using the ineffective treatments and turned to more effective ones."
Deidentified patient data from 11 databases across three continents (Asia, Europe and North America) showed that more than 3,400 different medicines were used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Among the most popular in the earliest stages of the pandemic was hydroxychloroquine, which was heavily promoted without the backing of reliable evidence and later revoked from emergency approval status following both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and related studies, including an OHDSI study showing dangerous risk of combining hydroxychloroquine with another early popular prescribed COVID-19 therapeutic, azithromycin.
Heterogeneity in drug therapy choice was dramatic across databases around the world. For example, lopinavir-ritonavir was used 50% of the time in one Spanish setting (HM Hospitals), 35% of the time in a South Korean setting (HIRA), and 0% of the time in a U.S. setting (Department of Veterans Affairs).
Adjunctive therapies developed into popular forms of management for supportive care, with the most recognized being corticosteroids and anti-cytokines, both of which have been shown to reduce mortality in more serious cases. While these were lightly used early in the pandemic, results from the RECOVERY RCT showed efficacy in reducing death on hospitalized patients with severe respiratory disease.
Scientific discovery through observational data often reversed false information being distributed through political channels and/or social media. This study highlights the role observational studies can fit into informing clinical decision-making moving forward.
"The use of ineffective medicines and potentially harmful combinations started with information from promising in vitro analyses, and were fueled by poorly performed observational studies, as well as misinformation campaigns in social and traditional media with clearly political intentions," Prats-Uribe said. "This would have taken a long time to counter in the traditional scientific timings. With the work of a community of people around the world producing reliable evidence using observational data, we were able to shift these tendencies and influence decision-making to improve COVID-19 patients."
The study was developed and executed by the OHDSI (Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics) community, a multi-stakeholder, interdisciplinary network that collaborates globally to bring out the value of health data through open science and large-scale analytics.
"OHDSI's common data model provided the foundation for our community to collaborate together on common definitions for COVID-19 patients and to characterize their experience across a large number of countries and healthcare systems," said study co-lead Anthony Sena, Associate Director of Observational Health Data Analytics at Janssen Research & Development, LLC. "Open-source tools such as ATLAS and the HADES libraries enabled us to work together using proven methods to gather results across Asia, Europe and the USA. It was a remarkable experience to work with so many talented people who brought data and seemingly endless amounts of energy to synthesize the vast result set assembled as part of project CHARYBDIS."
Interested in learning more about Project CHARYBDIS, or OHDSI's research around COVID-19? Check out a few of the resources below and #JoinTheJourney!
• Feature on Project CHARYBDIS
• OHDSI Research on COVID-19
• OHDSI News & Updates
• Join our Weekly Community Calls


I´m really excited as Tron Uprising is looking really beautiful.
My art team it´s amazing and I want to thank to ALL of them for producing such a peculiar and incredible artwork.
With all of them I´ve been learning as hell and I feel my painting skills did grow so much by just revising and checking their artworks.
I would love to show something here, BUT as you must know Mickey Mouse wouldn´t be happy. So we better wait.
However, I can show this poster i did some time ago for Comic Con.
Meanwhile...We still working on the series. I hope you all like it or I kill you.
I am beyond looking forward to this show. I was covering that Comic Con presentation (which had far too little Tron: Uprising!) and happily walked away with one of these posters. Great work. Can't wait to see it all in the coming months.
It's been an unreal experience working with you Alberto and the rest of the team. I'm so excited and lucky to be a part of this team, thank you for everything!!!!
Sounds fantastic, can't wait to see it!
Madre mía que empacho de talento! Looking forward to seeing what comes out of this insane bunch put together.
what a festival of talent and genius.
Thanks Boss. Yeah we are a hell good team and we are so flattered.
Thanks for the curtain-call and the very best of luck with the remaining production.
It's been a great experience and having respected your work for so long, it was an honor and a pleasure. Thanks for everything, and I will echo Vaughan and also say that I was extremely fortunate to be part of the team. You've changed the way I paint!! Thanks for everything!
Master, I have learned quite a considerable amount from you and the whole team. I can't wait to see the show when it is finished since it is already looking amazing! Thanks so much Alberto!!!
Thanks guys! You are great.
Great team no doubt !!
Such impressive artist ,i can 't wait to see the film!
thanks for the nice mention Alberto. It really means a lot coming from you, and artist I admire and am so inspired by. It was my pleasure to get an opportunity to meet and work for you. Can't wait to see the show — cheers!
I´m afraid NO... very unfortunately.
Buah! que peña más top, unos máquinas todos.
As the team is so international, are you all sat in the same room or is everything done down the wire? Probably a stupid question.
El equipo es muy bueno, si... pero tu ilustración es cojonuda!!! me encanta la composición!
Increible EQUIPAZO!!!!! Enhorabuena Alberto, que ganas de ver el resultado final, ojala pudierais sacar un magnifico libro de "Art of" bien cargaito de buen Arte, madre mía Mullins, Ruppel, y los otros que jamas había oído/ visto nada de ellos, así pues gracias por presentarlos en sociedad, son verdaderamente fueras de serie, que pasada trabajar con esos talentos.
Menudo EQUIPAZO! A ver si hay suerte y podemos ver un artbook de la serie.
Just caught the show! Awesome awesome job to you and your team!
Great show, unfortunatly here in south america not aired yet (and have doubts about if they will), the best artistic team and story, theres still a lot to tell about the grid.


It was also a personal quest to unearth whether 'free range fur' is a possibility - could American wild fur have 'the potential be the fashion-industry equivalent of sustainable, free-range, farm-to-table meat'?
'As it turns out, it's a macabre but doable task, given some expert assistance,' she writes at the magazine site.
Failing to trap her own animal overnight, the one-time fashion insider, who had worked with a designer who had a 'penchant for fur dyed in bold colours' instead headed to the basement of a hunting business, where 'death was everywhere, and it was crowded' and picked a frozen fox, killed earlier in the week.
Skinning her small beast was an effort in strength - a strong gut, certainly, but also a strong arm, the small fox not letting go easily of its protective hide.
'I felt the hook push past the bones and saw it come out on the other side. Eric slowly turned the fox, now hanging by its hind legs, a blue plastic bucket on the floor beneath its nose. A few drops of blood had already fallen in,' she writes.
The 'hard stuff' involved unwrapping the fox of its entire coat, leaving a 'red and violet body', alien-like in its strange, exposed appearance.
'I was holding the entire skin, inside out, in my arms, completely bewildered,' Ms Avins writes. 'I looked at the clock. The process had taken about 40 minutes.
'Something inside me wanted to clutch it to my chest, like a teddy bear or a baby. I felt my chin crinkle up and tried to steady myself, fearing [the hunters] might start to wonder whether I was an undercover activist.
The tanning stage was completed in New Jersey, by a man who had never skinned an animal himself. She described the relief of off-loading the reeking skins that she had kept in her bathroom, after they developed an 'odor somewhere between a butcher block, a leather shop, and a bowl of Cheetos'.
The writer describes the 'furs frothing in tubs of soap, chemicals, and salt, preparing to be scraped of excess flesh, moisturized, and then tumbled in towering wooden barrels' - all part of the age-old process of turning skin into fur.
From a wintry wood in Pennsylvania to Manhattan's fur district, the final stage of Ms Avins' fur journey was an urban affair, conducted with the help of an expert furrier.
Even academics did not feel that Ms Avins' novel approach to a fox-skin vest altered the ethical certainty of fur.


text:
Q: How to determine which document falls under a particular topic after applying topic modelling techniques like NMF, LDA, BERTopic? Is there any way I can map generated topic from LDA, NMF and BERTopic to the list of documents and identify to which topic it belongs to?
Click here to view Example

A: I am not an expert in NMF and tried LDA 3-4 years ago. However, I have an idea about BERTopic. In BERTopic when you fit the data, you get two outputs topics and probs (if you set calculate_probabilities=True). Using topics you easily get which document is assigned to which topic. For Example:
topic_model = BERTopic(calculate_probabilities=True)
topics, probs = topic_model.fit_transform(documents)
print(topics)
Example: number of documents=10, number of topics retrieved=3 (-1,0,1)
when we print the topics, the output is[1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1], means document0 is assigned to topic 1, document1 is assigned to topic 0, document3 is assigned to topic -1 (i.e. outlier) and so on.
Hope it helps a bit


text:
Q: Replace content with next wordpress post (singular) with Ajax When the user is on a post page (single.php) I want them to be able to click a next button and for the next post's content to replace the current content on the page using Ajax.
I've been looking around for a long time but all the plugins/instructions that I found were for loading more posts when browsing and not to load an individual post. What's the best way to go about doing this? Would really appreciate any guidance!


text:
'Venom' #200 Brings An Era To An End
by Tony Thornley
The Grendel Dragon. Absolute Carnage. The King In Black. In the past three years, Venom has been changed forever. However, the biggest change is yet to come, as an era ends this April in Venom #200.
Donny Cates and Ryan Stegman have poured blood, sweat, and tears into their character defining run on Marvel's Lethal Protector. In April, it all comes to an end, as the duo reach a milestone for the character. It's a story that reveals the future of the character. It also will affect not just Eddie Brock but the entire Marvel Universe forever.
"It's something that we've been building to, and building to, and building to. Now we're here," Cates told IGN in an interview Tuesday. "Ryan and I talk about that a lot. About how Ryan will send in a new page for King in Black, and it's finally like a drawing of something that we've all been thinking about, a particular moment or a scene that we've all been thinking about for almost four years now. So it's pretty surreal. It's crazy. It really is a testament to how awesome the Marvel fanbase has been and the Venom fans in general, that they've supported the book so much. That this crazy idea of this Knull thing has stuck around so long, that we're actually getting to do this."
Stegman added "I feel like I'm always pushing. That's just my motto in life and in comics. So I think there was definitely a lack of satisfaction with what I was doing. I thought that some of the stuff I was doing was cool, but I feel like once I got onto Venom, I started to really hone in what I did well. It was one of the first projects where I was like, 'Oh, I know exactly how to do this and it just suits my style.' Which at the time, my style was nebulous, but I felt like I started drawing in a way from issue one of Venom, that now I feel like in King in Black, it's the ultimate form of that thing. If we have the cover to Venom #200, I feel like right now that would be the quintessential piece that exhibits what my style has become. I'm going to keep pushing for sure. But I feel like I've really found something. It's a little bit annoying that we're getting here to the end of King in Black."
The landmark issue will feature not just work from Cates and Stegman, but an all star slate of their collaborators from all across their run.
Watch for Venom #200 when it strikes in April from Marvel Comics.
January 21, 2021 Tony Thornley 728 Views Donny Cates, Marvel Comics, Ryan Stegman, Venom, Venom 200
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Should Educators Look to Minecraft for Game-Based Education?
Those interested in the promise of gaming in education should be paying more attention to the unlikely success of Minecraft. Far from boasting impressive graphics or an engrossing storyline, the 16-bit game that looks the computer version of Lego is the ultimate in free-form entertainment. There are no quests, no tasks, no goals, no levels. There's just imagination, creativity and building – and the occasional killing of zombies.
Considering the game's popularity – its fans are notoriously obsessed, and examples of their breathtaking projects are all over YouTube – it's hard to believe that it was only opened to the public in November of 2011. Initially available on PC only, it is now playable on smartphones and tablets running Android and Apple iOS.
And although the kind of devotion the game inspires in its players might worry parents, according Nick Bilton of The New York Times, at least some child development experts – and a growing number of schools – believe that Minecraft has a lot of positive things to offer to children.
The potential of gaming to transform education has been discussed long before Minecraft — in reality, for decades. Recent studies touted the benefits of gaming to everything from cognitive development to surgical operating skills. Yet, in some ways, Minecraft is special. According to Eric Klopfer, professor at MIT's Scheller Teacher Education Program, Minecraft improved spatial reasoning and construction skills and help students better understand the world around them.
Professor Klopfer suggested that if parents were worried about the game, they should simply play it with their children. He said he set up a server in his house so his children's friends could play together and he could monitor their behavior and then explain that some actions, even in virtual worlds, are unethical — like destroying someone's Minecraft house, or calling them a bad name.
But Professor Klopfer warned that, as with anything, there was — probably to my nephew's chagrin — such as thing as too much Minecraft.


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MAC honors volleyball captain Kristin Hoffman with Scholar-Athlete of the Week accolades
Kristin Hoffman
NIU's Kristin Hoffman was named Mid-American Conference Female Scholar-Athlete of the Week, the league announced Friday.
Hoffman captained the Huskie offense during NIU's 2-0 weekend at home as she totaled 74 assists (12.33/set) and 24 digs (4.00/set).
In a 3-0 win over Kent State, the nation's assists leader handed out 40 helpers and had 12 digs for her fourth double-double of the season. During NIU's 3-0 win over 2010 MAC champion Ohio, Hoffman registered 34 assists and 12 digs for her fifth double-double
Hoffman, a senior from Batavia, Ill., maintains a 3.97 grade point average as a history major. This is the second time she has won the award, as she earned the honor Nov. 19, 2010. Hoffman is the first Huskie athlete to win the award this season.
NIU takes a season-high, seven-match winning streak on the road against Eastern Michigan and Central Michigan this weekend. The Huskies (19-5, 8-2 MAC) matchup with EMU (19-6, 7-3 MAC) at 6 p.m. today and CMU (14-7, 7-3 MAC) at 6 p.m. Saturday, Oct. 29.
For more information on NIU volleyball and Huskie athletics, visit www.niuhuskies.com.
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'Glass' half-full: NIU football takes optimism into Tuesday road game at MAC-leading Toledo »


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Thursday 20th of January 2022 12:17:00 PM
Home Academic Analysis The real Tinkerbell: don't mess with these tiny fairy wasps
The real Tinkerbell: don't mess with these tiny fairy wasps
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Manu Saunders, Research fellow, University of New England
Have you ever seen a fairy? They exist, and may very well be in your garden. But you would need a high-powered microscope to spot the dainty creatures.
Fairy wasps (family Mymaridae) are tiny, feathery-winged parasitoid wasps. They're often called fairy flies, which is a misnomer. The Mymaridae family includes the smallest known insects in the world. Most species are less than 1mm long – smaller than the average pinhead.
Read more: In defence of wasps: why squashing them comes with a sting in the tale
But two species in particular have the record for being the smallest insects in the world. Measuring 0.15-0.19mm, the smallest recorded winged insects are female Kikiki huna.
Images of a female Kikiki huna body and wings. The scale line represents 0.1mm. Huber J, Noyes J (2013) via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA
Not much is known of K. huna's ecology, but the species was first discovered in Hawai'i (the scientific name is made from Hawaiian words for "tiny bit"). Since then, specimens have been recorded from Western Australia and South and Central America, suggesting the species could be distributed much more widely.
In 2013, another closely related species was discovered in Costa Rica and named Tinkerbella nana, after Peter Pan's fairy friend.
The smallest known insect of all, at around 0.13mm, is a wingless male specimen of another fairy wasp, Dicopomorpha echmepterygis, found in the United States. Many insect species are sexually dimorphic, meaning males and females can look so different they may be confused as different species. For this fairy wasp, females are much larger than the record-breaking males, and have wings.
Eggs in eggs, wheels within wheels
All fairy wasp larvae are parasites. Adult females search for the eggs of other insects in sheltered places, such as under leaves or in leaf litter. When she finds a stash, she lays her own eggs inside the other eggs – an indication of just how tiny these wasps are! The wasp larva uses the nutrients from the egg to develop, killing the other insect in the process, before emerging through a tiny hole in the egg surface. The BBC captured this process in mesmerising underwater footage in 2017.
The smallest kinds of fairy wasp lay their eggs inside the eggs of barklice, who are also extremely tiny. Katja Schulz/Flickr, CC BY
Adults only live for a couple of days to reproduce and start the cycle again. In fact, some males never leave the egg they develop in – as soon as they emerge from their own egg within an egg, they mate with a female and die.
Despite their diminutive size, fairy wasps pack a punch when it comes to impact. Their dependence on other insects to complete their life cycle means they play an important role in controlling populations of many other insects.
Scientists don't think these wasps have strong preferences about their host species, which means they seem to pick whatever eggs are available. But very little is known of the ecology of most species, so it is hard to know for certain.
Read more: Five deadly parasites that have crossed the globe
Most of the known records of fairy wasps have emerged from eggs of Hemiptera species, the group of sucking bugs that includes planthoppers and aphids. But other hosts are known to include thrips (Thysanoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and psocid (Psocoptera).
The smallest insect in the world, D. echmepterygis, was reared from eggs of a psocid, or barklouse species – another group of small insects that is often overlooked. Barklice and booklice, also called psocids, are in the order Psocoptera; barklice usually feed on lichen and algae on tree trunks, while their cousins the booklice are often found feeding on mould inside book bindings in old libraries.
Other fairy wasp species have become valued for their important role as biological control agents in agricultural systems. Mymarids can control many damaging economic pests, including the glassy-winged sharpshooter, and weevil and sucking bug pests of eucalypt plantations. Many other associations remain to be discovered.
Fairy wasps can help keep down numbers of glassy-winged sharpshooters, which are a pest. Chuck/Flickr, CC BY-NC-SA
Fairy wasps are a fascinating example of how much biodiversity is still undiscovered. With so much focus on larger, or more charismatic species, the tiny world of the smallest animals on Earth goes by unnoticed.
We still have much to learn about the ecology and life history of minuscule fairy wasps. Most of us would walk past one nearly every day without noticing. But we can support them without seeing them. Like many other flying insects, adults need sugar from floral nectar or insect honeydew for their energy.
This means that encouraging flowering plants to grow in and around crop fields can help production. These wild floral resources support populations of many beneficial insects, including fairy wasps, making them more effective as biological control agents. And, just like many other beneficial insects, pesticides can kill fairy wasps, or make them less effective at controlling other pests.
Read more: Ants, bees and wasps: the venomous Australians with a sting in their tails
The same principle goes for gardens. Next time you find a pesky insect herbivore munching on your plants, consider an experiment: let them be and see how long it takes before fairies have moved into the bottom of your garden.
– ref. The real Tinkerbell: don't mess with these tiny fairy wasps – http://theconversation.com/the-real-tinkerbell-dont-mess-with-these-tiny-fairy-wasps-109796
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text:
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model as Eloquent;

class User extends Eloquent
{
    // protected $table = 'articles';
    // public $timestamps = false;
    protected $fillable = ['username'];
    // protected $dates = [];
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On November 27, 2018, our community came together to give children the chance to just be kids. THANK YOU for making a difference!
On November 27, 2018 - also known as #GivingTuesday - our generous community of donors joined us in supporting children across South Jersey who have a parent or loved one battling cancer.
Virtua's Camp Oasis is a one-day getaway offered twice a year for children and families affected by cancer. On camp day, 50 children are taken by limo to Camp Oasis to have fun with other children who are going through the same experience. The campers enjoy a day of relaxation and support while building connections with other kids who share their unique worries or concerns.
This amazing program has been offered for more than 10 years and is fully funded by gifts made to Virtua Foundation. We can't do it without your help!
#Giving Tuesday 2018 has passed, but we welcome support for this important program at any time of year!
#GivingTuesday is a global giving movement that has been built by individuals, families, organizations, businesses and communities in all 50 states and in countries around the world. On #GivingTuesday, millions of people come together to support and champion the causes they believe in and the communities in which they live.
On this national day of giving, Virtua Foundation raises funds in support of Virtua's Camp Oasis program. This wonderful program, offered to children across South Jersey who have been impacted by a loved one's cancer diagnosis, has been offered free of charge for more than 10 years. Because of the support we received on #GivingTuesday, we have been able to grow the program and offer Camp Oasis not once, but twice per year for kids in our community. Thank you!
Join us for #GivingTuesday on November 28 and give a child the chance to just be a kid!
This year on November 28, 2017 - also known as #GivingTuesday - we ask you to join us to support children across South Jersey who have a parent or loved one battling cancer. By making a donation to Virtua Foundation on November 28, you can help a child go to Camp Oasis for the day, free of charge.
Virtua's Camp Oasis is a one-day getaway offered twice a year for children and families affected by cancer. On camp day, 50 children are taken by limo to "Camp Oasis" to have fun with other children who are going through the same experience. The campers enjoy a day of relaxation and support while building connections with other kids who share their unique worries or concerns.
This amazing program has been offered for 10 years and is fully funded by gifts made to Virtua Foundation. We can't do it without your help!


After a long absence from music, Whitney Houston is staging a much-hyped career comeback with an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show.
Aug. 20, 2009 8:54 p.m.
NEW YORK — After a long absence from music, Whitney Houston is staging a much-hyped career comeback with an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show.
The 46-year-old superstar hasn't done a major TV interview since 2002, when she addressed questions about her drug use from Diane Sawyer.


text:
The Wrong Advices: 2005 Sportsmen of the Year
Sean McGrane ·
By now, you've probably read countless "year in review" pieces written by sports journalists, praising the accomplishments of men like Lance Armstrong, who overcame testicular cancer and this year won an unprecedented seventh Tour de France. Or Matt Leinart, the USC Quarterback who passed up millions of dollars in the NFL draft to stay in school, finish his senior year, and lead his team to another undefeated season. And Joe Paterno, the 79-year-old Penn State coach who this season resurrected his program and is now gearing up to play in one of college football' premier bowls.
These men, we are told, represent what sports is all about-heart, character, hard-work, iron will.
Oh, really? Screw that. Here at CRACKED, sports and sportsmen are represented by an entirely different character set: greed, arrogance, disrespect for the law, womanizing and general disregard for the common good. And so, we present CRACKED' 2005 Sportsmen of the Year- those athletes who did all they could to reinforce the stereotype of the athlete as a brutish caveman.
8) Mike Tyson: Verbalizing what most CRACKED readers think to themselves in the deepest, darkest hours of the night, Tyson declared before his June fight with Irishman Kevin McBride: "My whole life has been a waste. I've been a failure. I just want to escape. I'm really embarrassed with myself and my life"���¦I believe I'll die alone. I'm really a sad, pathetic case." We hear that, Mike. Then, after throwing in the towel in the sixth round of his bout with McBride, Iron Mike said: "I don't have the guts to be in this sport anymore. My heart is not into this anymore." You couldn't have told us that before we paid the fifty bucks to watch the fight?
7) The NHL: Thank God the NHL is back, after last year' season was scrapped due to a work stoppage. How did we get by without seeing the Columbus Blue Jackets and Atlanta Thrashers battle it out on the ice for 60 minutes, culminating in an exciting 0-0 draw? If TV ratings are any guide, people are taking notice that pro hockey is back.
USA Today reported in October: "Things looked a bit bleak after Monday's Panthers-Rangers game drew 0.1% of the Outdoor Life Network' households and - this isn't a joke - finished in an eight-way tie for the 386th-ranked TV show of the night. But Tuesday's Bruins-Canadiens game provided a much-needed boost: It tied for 195th."
6) T.O.: Makes the list by default, but we still maintain that retired Eagle Hugh Douglas had no business walking into the locker room and accusing T.O. of faking an injury. In October, the washed-up lineman strode into the Eagles' training room and, in front of star receiver Owens who was rehabbing a bad ankle, declared, "I know there are people in here faking injuries." Oh yeah, Hugh? I know there are people in here faking that they're still on the team. Don't stick your beak in. Your comment sparked a fistfight that ended with Owens being thrown off the team. Eagles fans have Douglas to blame for their miserable season.
5) Kenny Rogers: In June, the Texas Rangers' left-handed pitcher broke a bone in his right hand after punching a water cooler in the Rangers' dugout. A week later, after being pressed on the incident, Rogers assaulted two cameramen on the field, sending one to the hospital. That earned him a 20-game suspension. Said MLB Commissioner Bud Selig: "Mr. Rogers' behavior was unprofessional, unwarranted and completely unacceptable." Seems to us that "unprofessional, unwarranted and completely unacceptable" could be the motto for just about any professional sports league in America. Nice work, Mr. Rogers.
4) Paul Bryan: Bryan had been an assistant coach with the San Pedro High (CA) football team for 23 years. That came to an end in October. With his team trailing in the fourth quarter, Bryan, after a crucial fourth down play had been whistled dead, surreptitiously moved the first down marker back a few yards to ensure that his squad got the first. Little did he know the whole thing was being recorded. After being caught, Los Angeles school officials banned him from coaching for life. What? Why? We think the Coach should be applauded for giving that extra effort to help his team win. You have to wonder how many times in his 23 years Bryan pulled the same stunt without getting caught.
3) Nehemiah Ingram: There are plenty of reasons Ingram deserves recognition. The Temple University student is one of the few NCAA athletes to play Division I ball in two sports-football and basketball. Fortunately for Ingram, he'll never be remembered for that. Instead, he'll go down in history as the "goon" that Temple Basketball Coach John Chaney sent into a game for the expressed purpose of injuring an opponent. Chaney, upset that St. Joseph' University players were setting illegal screens, sent the 6'8", 250 pound Ingram into the game, where he proceeded to break an opponent' arm. Said Chaney after the game, "I'm a mean, ornery son of a bitch. I see something wrong, I try to right it. I was sending a message. I sent in my goon." Just like that old song, "Send in the Goons." Right, Coach? When Ingram graduates and begins applying for jobs in the real world, "GOON" will undoubtedly be featured prominently on his resume.
2) Fred Smoot: Smoot is accused of organizing the famous Minnesota Vikings sex boat cruise on Lake Minnetonka, where strippers allegedly performed oral sex on Vikings players in front of petrified teenage cruise ship employees. Smoot denies that he had a hand in organizing the event. What humility! Smoot saying he didn't lead his 16 teammates onto that boat is like John Elway saying he wasn't involved in engineering the Drive, or Michael Jordan saying he had nothing to do with the Bulls' six NBA titles. Fred Smoot is a team player, and someone kids everywhere can look up to.
And the 2005 CRACKED Sportsman of the year is"���¦
1) JOSE CANSECO: 2005 may forever be remembered as the year of the steroid, and no one was more instrumental in bringing that about than Jose Canseco.
True, Rafael Palmeiro has become the face of the steroid scandal, and no player' reputation was more tarnished by roids than Raffy. Palmiero began the year as a surefire Hall of Famer, a member of the elite 3,000 hits / 500 home runs club. By year' end, he had been cut by the hapless Baltimore Orioles, had all-but perjured himself in front of Congress and had been exposed as a lying cheater.
But don't let that fool you. While steroid use has been the elephant in baseball' living room for years, it wasn't until the publication earlier this year of Canseco' book,
Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant 'Roids, Smash Hits, and How Baseball Got Big, that the issue of steroid use boiled over. In that seminal text, Canseco admitted to having used steroids during his career, claimed that he had injected steroids into Mark McGwire' ass and that he had witnessed Palmeiro and countless other major leaguers juice up (the book also contained lurid details of a sexual encounter with Madonna). Those allegations, more than anything, prompted the Congressional hearings where Palmeiro swore he had never used steroids, and where a host of players all but compared Canseco to Hitler. Well, who' laughing now?
Canseco followed the successful publication of his book up with a stint on VH1' Surreal Life where, in one memorable moment, he stripped down to a G-String as part of a cast performance. Also this year, Jose-with twin brother Ozzie-was slapped with a 1.5 million dollar civil lawsuit, stemming from a 2001 Miami bar fight where Canseco allegedly broke a man' nose and assaulted the man' girlfriend.
And so, who can argue that Jose Canseco, more than any other athlete this year, stood up for what sports is all about-cheating, selling out your teammates for a quick buck, breaking the law and embarrassing himself off the field? Well done, Jose, and congratulations on being named CRACKED' 2005 Sportsman of the Year.


When I went to college a lot of my new friends said that I look older than my realage because I am a serious type of person and if I want to accomplish something I really take it seriously. Well that is who I am but you know I need to get a kik hack tool as well because at my age I never had a chance to date. I am 25 right now and working as a hacker one of the web server and everyday I need to know how to hack someones kik. I need to look good at least because you know thejob of a hacker. The none of my coworkers told me about this particular kik spy tool which at first I do not believe.
As a hacker I know some of some devices Works and some of it has side effects of course and I do not want that side effects. My co-worker told me that do not fall how to kik someones kik and look for the kik hack tool. When she teased me of being single for a period of time I have decided to try online tool. I put it once a day every night be for esleeping and it is absolutely real. I was shocked because after a few days of using it, my skin is glowing and everybody is teasing me that I am dating someone because I am blooming. I even try to use it twice a day especially if I have those nights hift duties because my network will really look dehydrated.
The spy tool is really effective and when I have read all the ingredients and searched it, they are all natural. I never had any unwanted sideeffects of the product when I started using it.
Repminer Kik Hack Spy Tool Copyright © 2019.


text:
Q: Как сделать свой $this->title yii2 В yii2 есть public $title ($this->title); Где он создан и как создать свой?

A: Доброй ночи.
В конфигурационном файле задаёте своё значение параметру name
return [
  'language' => 'ru',
  'sourceLanguage' => 'en',
  'name' => 'Yii2 Developing'
// остальные настройки
]

A: Если Вам требуется изменить заголовок или любой другой мета-тег, Вы можете изменить их прямо в представлении (view) в любом месте:
$this->title = 'Your Title';

Или можно воспользоваться более расширенным функционалом мета-тегов
$this->registerMetaTag([
        'name' => 'description',
        'content' => 'Description of the page...'
    ]);

Так же это можно реализовать из контроллеров, но для этого Вам нужно обратиться к приложению
public function actionIndex() {
    Yii::$app->view->title = "test";
    Yii::$app->view->registerMetaTag([
        'name' => 'description',
        'content' => 'Description of the page...'
    ]);
    return $this->render("index");
}


text:
HIFU, a true story
12,000 men
Prost8 and Prostate Matters
Focal Therapy for radio-recurrent prostate cancer
How Focal Therapy is changing the future of Prostate Cancer
Where to access HIFU for prostate cancer
The Telegraph – Radio Recurrent Salvage HIFU
Three Peaks Madness
Prostate Cryoablation
Cryotherapy and Prostate Cancer
About Cryotherapy
Prostate cryotherapy is a surgical technique that can be used to treat localised prostate cancer. Cryotherapy uses extremely cold temperatures to freeze and destroy the prostate cancer cells. It is also referred to as cryosurgery or cryoablation, but essentially these all have the same meaning.
There are two types of cryotherapy either whole-prostate or focal cryotherapy. The surgeon will discuss the type of tumour you have and which treatment is most appropriate for you. Focal cryotherapy will not be suitable for all men and will depend on the size of cancer, and where it is in your prostate.
Surgeons can target and treat small amounts of tissue, minimising damage to nerves around the prostate responsible for preserving urinary continence and sexual function.
Prost8 UK have chosen the BTG Galil Cryotherapy system to deploy as part of our campaign.
How Cryotherapy works
The ICEfx Cryoblation System is a medical device designed for precise ablation of prostate tissue by highly targeted freezing of cancerous cells
What is Cryotherapy
Focal prostate cryoablation only freezes a portion of the prostate as opposed to the entire gland. Focusing on the specific areas where the surgeon believes the cancer resides allows them to preserve other regions of the prostate – in particular the nerves associated with potency (the ability to obtain and maintain an erection suitable for sexual intercourse) and the urinary sphincter which controls continence.
Focal prostate cryoablation is a relatively new technique but initial evidence supports that most men receiving the treatment remain potent and only a very small percentage become incontinent
In patients with low- and intermediate-risk diseases, the application of focal therapy shows promise in bridging the gap between active surveillance (AS) and more aggressive therapies.
A cryoablation system and cryoablation needles are key components to perform cryoablation. The cryoablation system manages the flow of pressurised gas (argon for freezing, helium for thawing) and provides the physician direct control of iceball development during a procedure.
If you choose Cryotherapy you will receive pre-operative instructions from a consultant and nurse.
The cryotherapy treatment takes approximately two hours under general anaesthetic.
During cryotherapy, needles or probes are passed through the skin into the prostate. The surgeon uses ultrasound images of the prostate to ensure that the needles are put in the right place. Argon gas is then circulated through the needles, which makes them very cold. The result is that the surrounding prostate tissue freezes and is destroyed. The temperature in and around the prostate is monitored by other needles, which are also inserted at the start of the procedure.
During the treatment, a narrow 'warming' tube is in place in the urethra to prevent it from being damaged by the freezing process. A catheter (a narrow, flexible hollow tube inserted through the penis into the bladder) for urine drainage is left in place for one to two weeks after the procedure. Sometimes we need to use a suprapubic catheter – a catheter that is inserted through the skin of your lower abdomen (tummy) directly into the bladder.
After the treatment, patients will be in recovery for about 2-4 hours. Once released from the treatment centre, patients return home to recover more comfortably.
Cryotherapy Equipment
Prost8 UK have chosen to donate the most advanced Cryotherapy treatment equipment as part of our campaign. For that reason, we have been guided by top specialists to select the Boston Scientific (formerley BTG Galil) ICEfx system, or equipment to similar standard.
Boston Scientific recently acquired BTG Galil who are respected in the medical world as manufacturers of state-of-the art, minimally-invasive medical equipment that destroys tissue in the prostate using focused freezing techniques.
The ICEfx Cryoablation System offers predictable, reliable performance with seamless therapy delivery and exceptional ease of technical operation. The system is designed for interventional radiologists who want to offer their patients on-demand access to state of the art ablation technology.
How Cryotherapy treats the prostate
Cryotherapy, also known as Cryosurgery, Cryo, and Cryoablation, is a minimally invasive treatment (no incisions) that uses extremely cold temperatures to kill cancer tumours. Cryotherapy is widely used around the world and has over fifteen years' reported clinical experience to support its safety and effectiveness.
Focal prostate cryoablation only freezes a portion of the prostate as opposed to the entire gland. Focusing on the specific areas where the physician believes the cancer resides allows doctors to preserve other regions of the prostate – in particular the nerves associated with potency (the ability to obtain and maintain an erection suitable for sexual intercourse) and the urinary sphincter which controls continence.
Focal prostate cryoablation is a relatively new technique but initial evidence supports that most men receiving the treatment remain potent and only a very small percentage become incontinent (lose the ability to control their urine flow). It is important that patients understand that focal prostate cryoablation may only be a temporary solution. Because focal prostate cryoablation focuses on a specific area of the prostate, at least half of the gland will go untreated. This may mean that small, developing tumours are not destroyed.
All patients undergoing focal prostate cryoablation should have very regular follow-up care to carefully monitor any changes. Focal prostate cryoablation does not exclude any treatment options for the future – including a repeat focal prostate cryoablation or primary prostate cryoablation.
Why choose Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy, or cryoablation, is a non-invasive, outpatient treatment option that allows men to return to their normal lifestyle in days, preserving patient quality of life.
Focal Cryotherapy is a suitable alternative treatment option to radical whole-gland surgery or radiotherapy in men wishing to preserve sexual function and normal urinary function.
Who can have Cryotherapy?
Focal therapy, including cryotherapy and focal ultrasound (HIFU), is usually best suited to men with early stage non-metastatic prostate cancer (although it can also be used in cases of recurrent disease). It will provide literally thousands of men with the opportunity to receive less invasive treatment and retain maximum functionality (urinary continence and erectile function) ongoing.
The advantages of focal therapy treatment for prostate cancer are superior to most current alternatives as it is usually a day stay procedure (you will go home the same day) with a short recovery time of one to two weeks.
Cryotherapy is minimally invasive with just thin needles inserted into the prostate gland from beneath the scrotum and a needle in your hand for general anaesthetic. It does not exclude other treatments, if required later, such as radiotherapy or surgery.
Unfortunately, cryotherapy for prostate cancer treatment is available in very few NHS hospitals right now but you can talk to your GP, consultant or nurse to see if it is available in your area.
Making focal therapy available to men across the UK is the main driving force of Prost8 as a charity and our aim is to raise funds and campaign to deploy at least one unit in each of the 22 UK NHS Cancer Care Alliances.
Our ambition is high as equipping each unit with both a HIFU system and a cryotherapy system costs in the region of £350,000 but, if successful, our plan will achieve this within the next two years.
However, it is less likely that focal therapy will be offered as an alternative if the cancer has spread outside of the prostate to other parts of the body (advanced prostate cancer) although it can be used in cases where the cancer has reoccurred after other treatments (recurrent prostate cancer) such as radiotherapy and is offered in these cases (salvage cryotherapy or HIFU).
Patients can experience difficulty in passing urine after the treatment so a tube (catheter) is inserted at the time of the procedure to help with this and is usually left in place for one or two weeks. Some men may notice swelling of their penis or scrotum or pain in or around the rectum (back passage). This usually resolves within two to four months.
A small percentage may experience impotence / erectile dysfunction (problems getting or maintaining an erection). The nerves involved in creating an erection lie just behind the prostate gland. Whether they are affected during the freezing process will depend on which part of the prostate is treated.
Some patients experience leakage of urine but this should lessen or resolve over time. Some men may need to wear pads to protect their underwear. Tissue fragments in the urethra can occur in up to 5 in every 100 men. This may lead to pain or difficulty in passing urine. Occasionally an operation is needed to remove the tissue fragments.
More information about HIFU treatment
What does Cryotherapy involve?
Focal treatment is usually given which treats a smaller finely targeted area of the prostate, but sometimes whole-gland cryotherapy will be used to treat the entire prostate. Your consultant will advise which type is best suited to your condition.
If you have a large prostate you may be offered other treatments before you have cryotherapy. Sometimes your doctor will prescribe hormone therapy for several months to shrink the prostate and make treatment easier. Hormone therapy does come with side effects which will be explained at the time.
If you're having focal cryotherapy you will usually go to a screening appointment first. You'll have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which produces detailed images of the prostate and shows the location of the cancer. You may also have a prostate biopsy, which shows the location of the cancer and how likely the cancer is to grow and spread outside the prostate. These tests will help your surgeon target the area of the prostate that needs to be treated.
The day of treatment
You will be checked by a nurse upon arrival and given an enema to empty your bowels. This is a liquid that is put inside your back passage (rectum). You will have been advised not to eat or drink for several hours ahead of arrival.
Once ready to go to theatre you will be given a general anaesthetic (or an epidural if recommended by your doctor for health reasons). A catheter will usually be fitted ahead of treatment to control urine flow.
The cryotherapy treatment is delivered via thin needles that are inserted into the prostate gland from beneath the scrotum. The needles produce small finely targeted ice balls to freeze the cancerous cells preserving surrounding healthy tissue. A warming tube is usually insetted into the urethra via the penis during the procedure to prevent freezing damage to sections close to the ablation zone.
An ultrasound probe is also inserted into the back passage to create images of the prostate while your surgeon is treating it. This helps the surgeon target the cancer so that less of the healthy tissue is damaged.
Following treatment
cryotherapy causes the prostate to swell initially which can make it difficult to urinate so a catheter will be fitted for the first week or so to drain urine until things settle down.
You may have pain in the peritoneal and rectal area after HIFU and you will receive pain-relieving drugs for this along with precautionary antibiotics to prevent possible infection. You may also be given a laxative to aid bowel movement.
Focal therapy can cause short or longer-term side effects although these are rare and may include the following:
Urinary side effects:
Some men may experience some urine leakage particularly after exercise or coughing. Some will experience issues with frequency of urination or starting and stopping but most of these symptoms settle down after a few weeks.
PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) Testing Explained
A New Treatment for Men with Recurring Prostate Cancer Following Radiotherapy
The Importance of Conversation Following a Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
How Does Cryotherapy Treat Prostate Cancer?
Everything You Need to Know About Hormone Therapy For Prostate Cancer
Prost8 UK
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Essex, SS1 2JY
info@prost8.org.uk
1 in 8 men in the UK will be
diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime…
…and one dies every 45 minutes!
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