text:
Q: What are the differences between the urllib, urllib2, urllib3 and requests module? In Python, what are the differences between the urllib, urllib2, urllib3 and requests modules? Why are there three? They seem to do the same thing...

A: I know it's been said already, but I'd highly recommend the requests Python package.
If you've used languages other than python, you're probably thinking urllib and urllib2 are easy to use, not much code, and highly capable, that's how I used to think.  But the requests package is so unbelievably useful and short that everyone should be using it.
First, it supports a fully restful API, and is as easy as:
import requests

resp = requests.get('http://www.mywebsite.com/user')
resp = requests.post('http://www.mywebsite.com/user')
resp = requests.put('http://www.mywebsite.com/user/put')
resp = requests.delete('http://www.mywebsite.com/user/delete')

Regardless of whether GET / POST, you never have to encode parameters again, it simply takes a dictionary as an argument and is good to go:
userdata = {"firstname": "John", "lastname": "Doe", "password": "jdoe123"}
resp = requests.post('http://www.mywebsite.com/user', data=userdata)

Plus it even has a built in JSON decoder (again, I know json.loads() isn't a lot more to write, but this sure is convenient):
resp.json()

Or if your response data is just text, use:
resp.text

This is just the tip of the iceberg. This is the list of features from the requests site:

*

*International Domains and URLs

*Keep-Alive & Connection Pooling

*Sessions with Cookie Persistence

*Browser-style SSL Verification

*Basic/Digest Authentication

*Elegant Key/Value Cookies

*Automatic Decompression

*Unicode Response Bodies

*Multipart File Uploads

*Connection Timeouts

*.netrc support

*List item

*Python 2.7, 3.6—3.9

*Thread-safe.

A: urllib and urllib2 are both Python modules that do URL request related stuff but offer different functionalities.
1) urllib2 can accept a Request object to set the headers for a URL request, urllib accepts only a URL.
2) urllib provides the urlencode method which is used for the generation of GET query strings, urllib2 doesn't have such a function. This is one of the reasons why urllib is often used along with urllib2.
Requests - Requests' is a simple, easy-to-use HTTP library written in Python.
1) Python Requests encodes the parameters automatically so you just pass them as simple arguments, unlike in the case of urllib, where you need to use the method urllib.encode() to encode the parameters before passing them.
2) It automatically decoded the response into Unicode.
3) Requests also has far more convenient error handling.If your authentication failed, urllib2 would raise a urllib2.URLError, while Requests would return a normal response object, as expected. All you have to see if the request was successful by boolean response.ok

A: You should generally use urllib2, since this makes things a bit easier at times by accepting Request objects and will also raise a URLException on protocol errors. With Google App Engine though, you can't use either. You have to use the URL Fetch API that Google provides in its sandboxed Python environment.

A: A key point that I find missing in the above answers is that urllib returns an object of type <class http.client.HTTPResponse> whereas requests returns <class 'requests.models.Response'>.
Due to this, read() method can be used with urllib but not with requests.
P.S. : requests is already rich with so many methods that it hardly needs one more as read() ;>

A: Just to add to the existing answers, I don't see anyone mentioning that python requests is not a native library. If you are ok with adding dependencies, then requests is fine. However, if you are trying to avoid adding dependencies, urllib is a native python library that is already available to you.

A: urllib2 provides some extra functionality, namely the urlopen() function can allow you to specify headers (normally you'd have had to use httplib in the past, which is far more verbose.) More importantly though, urllib2 provides the Request class, which allows for a more declarative approach to doing a request:
r = Request(url='http://www.mysite.com')
r.add_header('User-Agent', 'awesome fetcher')
r.add_data(urllib.urlencode({'foo': 'bar'})
response = urlopen(r)

Note that urlencode() is only in urllib, not urllib2.
There are also handlers for implementing more advanced URL support in urllib2.  The short answer is, unless you're working with legacy code, you probably want to use the URL opener from urllib2, but you still need to import into urllib for some of the utility functions.
Bonus answer
With Google App Engine, you can use any of httplib, urllib or urllib2, but all of them are just wrappers for Google's URL Fetch API. That is, you are still subject to the same limitations such as ports, protocols, and the length of the response allowed. You can use the core of the libraries as you would expect for retrieving HTTP URLs, though.

A: In the Python 2 standard library there were two HTTP libraries that existed side-by-side. Despite the similar name, they were unrelated: they had a different design and a different implementation.

*

*urllib was the original Python HTTP client, added to the standard library in Python 1.2. Earlier documentation for urllib can be found in Python 1.4.

*urllib2 was a more capable HTTP client, added in Python 1.6, intended as a replacement for urllib:

urllib2 - new and improved but incompatible version of urllib (still experimental).

Earlier documentation for urllib2 can be found in Python 2.1.
The Python 3 standard library has a new urllib which is a merged/refactored/rewritten version of the older modules.
urllib3 is a third-party package (i.e., not in CPython's standard library). Despite the name, it is unrelated to the standard library packages, and there is no intention to include it in the standard library in the future.
Finally, requests internally uses urllib3, but it aims for an easier-to-use API.

A: One considerable difference is about porting Python2 to Python3. urllib2 does not exist for python3 and its methods ported to urllib.
So you are using that heavily and want to migrate to Python3 in future, consider using urllib.
However 2to3 tool will automatically do most of the work for you.

A: I think all answers are pretty good. But fewer details about urllib3.urllib3 is a very powerful HTTP client for python.
For installing both of the following commands will work,
urllib3
using pip,
pip install urllib3

or you can get the latest code from Github and install them using,
$ git clone git://github.com/urllib3/urllib3.git
$ cd urllib3
$ python setup.py install

Then you are ready to go,
Just import urllib3 using,
import urllib3

In here, Instead of creating a connection directly, You'll need a PoolManager instance to make requests. This handles connection pooling and thread-safety for you. There is also a ProxyManager object for routing requests through an HTTP/HTTPS proxy
Here you can refer to the documentation.
example usage :
>>> from urllib3 import PoolManager
>>> manager = PoolManager(10)
>>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
>>> r.headers['server']
'gws'
>>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://yahoo.com/')
>>> r.headers['server']
'YTS/1.20.0'
>>> r = manager.request('POST', 'http://google.com/mail')
>>> r = manager.request('HEAD', 'http://google.com/calendar')
>>> len(manager.pools)
2
>>> conn = manager.connection_from_host('google.com')
>>> conn.num_requests
3

As mentioned in urrlib3 documentations,urllib3 brings many critical features that are missing from the Python standard libraries.

*

*Thread safety.

*Connection pooling.

*Client-side SSL/TLS verification.

*File uploads with multipart encoding.

*Helpers for retrying requests and dealing with HTTP redirects.

*Support for gzip and deflate encoding.

*Proxy support for HTTP and SOCKS.

*100% test coverage.

Follow the user guide for more details.

*

*Response content (The HTTPResponse object provides status, data,
and header attributes)

*Using io Wrappers with Response content

*Creating a query parameter

*Advanced usage of urllib3
requests
requests uses urllib3 under the hood and make it even simpler to make requests and retrieve data.
For one thing, keep-alive is 100% automatic, compared to urllib3 where it's not. It also has event hooks which call a callback function when an event is triggered, like receiving a response
In requests, each request type has its own function. So instead of creating a connection or a pool, you directly GET a URL.

For install requests using pip just run
pip install requests
or you can just install from source code,
$ git clone git://github.com/psf/requests.git
$ cd requests
$ python setup.py install

Then, import requests
Here you can refer the official documentation,
For some advanced usage like session object, SSL verification, and Event Hooks please refer to this url.

A: I like the urllib.urlencode function, and it doesn't appear to exist in urllib2.
>>> urllib.urlencode({'abc':'d f', 'def': '-!2'})
'abc=d+f&def=-%212'

A: To get the content of a url:
try: # Try importing requests first.
    import requests
except ImportError:
    try: # Try importing Python3 urllib
        import urllib.request
    except AttributeError: # Now importing Python2 urllib
        import urllib

def get_content(url):
    try:  # Using requests.
        return requests.get(url).content # Returns requests.models.Response.
    except NameError:
        try: # Using Python3 urllib.
            with urllib.request.urlopen(index_url) as response:
                return response.read() # Returns http.client.HTTPResponse.
        except AttributeError: # Using Python3 urllib.
            return urllib.urlopen(url).read() # Returns an instance.

It's hard to write Python2 and Python3 and request dependencies code for the responses because they urlopen() functions and requests.get() function return different types:

*

*Python2 urllib.request.urlopen() returns a http.client.HTTPResponse

*Python3 urllib.urlopen(url) returns an instance

*Request request.get(url) returns a requests.models.Response

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Andreas Köstenberger and Justin Taylor haven't broken the world of scholarship wide open with The Final Days of Jesus (and that's a good thing!). They haven't done anything controversial or scandalous with this book. They haven't chosen to repeat the liberal skeptical tropes that we're used to seeing from people like Bart Ehrman, and as such we're unlikely to see Taylor and Köstenberger on the evening news or being interviewed on Nightline (is that show still on?). Instead, this book The Final Days of Jesus presents a helpful introductory timeline of the last week of Jesus' life straight from the biblical record.
The book is organized by days of the week, beginning with Sunday, March 29th, A.D. 33 and going until Sunday, April 5th, A.D. 33. Each chapter contains the biblical material of what occurred on each day of the week leading to Christ's death along with helpful commentary by Dr. Köstenberger. Just as an example of how the chapters are laid out, Friday, April 3rd A.D. begins with a section on the betrayal and arrest of Jesus. It is followed by all of the biblical accounts of this event from Matthew 26:47-56, Mark 14:43-52, Luke 22:47-53, and John 18:2-12. This is followed by a section of commentary on these events from Köstenberger and a map of the area of Gethsemane and showing the path that was probably taken from Gethsemane to the palace of the high priest. Next in the chapter comes the Jewish trial of Jesus with its relevant Scripture passage from John (since he's the only one who records that event) just as the previous section was laid out and so on. In this sense, the book is interested in bringing out details, discussing harmonization issues, and keeping things as narratively driven as possible.
All of this does seem somewhat academic, I'll confess. What comes out of the reading, however, is a wonderful opportunity for the reader to really drink up what the Scriptures say, laid out in a helpful, chronologically structured book. It isn't long. It isn't hard reading. It also isn't excessively defensive in the apologetic sense (though harmonizations between accounts are dealt with, when necessary, in a secondary way), which I think your average reader will appreciate. They approach the biblical record acknowledging slight differences in the way the authors record the events. But they encourage readers to adopt "a charitable rather than critical reading," which they say "demonstrates that the evangelists are each accurately referring to the same thing rather than contradicting one another." This is a refreshing approach compared to the mainstream NT scholarship that dominates in the academy today.
Although I had this review written last week, I purposely decided to keep from publishing my review of it until after the Easter weekend. I'm a Presbyterian and we're famously obnoxious for our rebellion against the church calendar (as well as publicly beating our breasts at times: "Thank God I am not like these other men who observe the church calendar!"). But my reason for waiting until after Easter was not to grate on the nerves of fellow brothers and sisters in Christ who would expect this sort of thing to go online before Easter. Rather, I did it because this book isn't just important to read at Easter. The death and resurrection of Jesus is not merely something to think about during the month of April. These events are central to the whole of redemptive history. They are the glue the holds the covenants of God and His promises of New Creation throughout the Old Testament prophets together. As such, they deserve our attention throughout the year. My hope is that Christians will be motivated by this book to not merely "get in the Easter spirit" during one particular season of the year, but that every Sunday would be an occasion for us to meditate and think upon the death burial and resurrection of Christ. A book like this is just the tool to help us do that. I commend this book to be used by Christians all year long.


text:
Brick bond financial definition of brick bond
https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/brick+bond
(redirected from brick bond)
Bonds are debt and are issued for a period of more than one year. The US government, local governments, water districts, companies and many other types of institutions sell bonds. When an investor buys bonds, he or she is lending money. The seller of the bond agrees to repay the principal amount of the loan at a specified time. Interest-bearing bonds pay interest periodically.
A security representing the debt of the company or government issuing it. When a company or government issues a bond, it borrows money from the bondholders; it then uses the money to invest in its operations. In exchange, the bondholder receives the principal amount back on a maturity date stated in the indenture, which is the agreement governing a bond's terms. In addition, the bondholder usually has the right to receive coupons or payments on the bond's interest. Generally speaking, a bond is tradable though some, such as savings bonds, are not. The interest rates on Treasury securities are considered a benchmark for interest rates on other debt in the United States. The higher the interest rate on a bond is, the more risky it is likely to be.
There are several different kinds of bonds. The most basic division is the one between corporate bonds, which are issued by private companies, and government bonds such as Treasuries or municipal bonds. Other common types include callable bonds, which allow the issuer to repay the principal prior to maturity, depriving the bondholder of future coupons, and floating rate notes, which carry an interest rate that changes from time to time according to some benchmark. Along with cash and stocks, bonds are one of the basic types of assets.
1. A long-term promissory note. Bonds vary widely in maturity, security, and type of issuer, although most are sold in $1,000 denominations or, if a municipal bond, $5,000 denominations.
2. A written obligation that makes a person or an institution responsible for the actions of another.
Bond.
Bonds are debt securities issued by corporations and governments.
Bonds are, in fact, loans that you and other investors make to the issuers in return for the promise of being paid interest, usually but not always at a fixed rate, over the loan term. The issuer also promises to repay the loan principal at maturity, on time and in full.
Because most bonds pay interest on a regular basis, they are also described as fixed-income investments. While the term bond is used generically to describe all debt securities, bonds are specifically long-term investments, with maturities longer than ten years.
a FINANCIAL SECURITY issued by a company or by the government as a means of borrowing long-term funds. Bonds are, typically issued for a set number of years (often 10 years plus), being repayable on maturity. They are issued in units of a fixed (nominal) face value and bear a fixed (nominal) rate of interest. Purchasers of bonds include private individuals, commercial banks and institutional investors (pension funds, etc.) who hold them as a form of portfolio investment.
Once issued, bonds can be bought and sold on the STOCK MARKET. Bond prices tend to fluctuate at prices below their face value, reflecting buying and selling strengths, but are closely linked to prevailing market interest rates so as to remain attractive to potential buyers. For example, a £100 bond with a nominal 5% interest rate returning £5 per year would have to be priced at £50 if current market interest rates were 10% so that a buyer could earn an effective return of £5/£50 = 10% on his investment.
In addition to their role as a means of borrowing money, the sale and purchase of bonds is used by the monetary authorities to control the MONEY SUPPLY. See MONETARY POLICY. See also EUROCURRENCY MARKET, GILT-EDGED SECURITY.
a FINANCIAL SECURITY issued by businesses and by the government as a means of BORROWING long-term funds. Bonds are typically issued for periods of several years; they are repayable on maturity and bear a fixed NOMINAL (COUPON) INTEREST RATE. Once a bond has been issued at its nominal value, then the market price at which it is sold subsequently will vary in order to keep the EFFECTIVE INTEREST RATE on the bond in line with current prevailing interest rates. For example, a £100 bond with a nominal 5% interest rate paying £5 per year would have to be priced at £50 if current market interest rates were 10%, so that a buyer could earn an effective return of £5/50 = 10% on his investment.
In addition to their role as a means of borrowing money, government bonds are used by the monetary authorities as a means of regulating the MONEY SUPPLY. For example, if the authorities wish to reduce the money supply, they can issue bonds to the general public, thereby reducing the liquidity of the banking system as customers draw cheques to pay for these bonds. See also OPEN MARKET OPERATION, BANK DEPOSIT CREATION, PUBLIC SECTOR BORROWING REQUIREMENT, SPECULATIVE DEMAND FOR MONEY, CONSOLS.
A certificate that provides evidence of a debt or obligation.
A note obliging a corporation or governmental unit to repay, on a specified date, money loaned to it by the bondholder. The holder receives interest for the life of the bond. If a bond is backed by collateral, it is called a mortgage bond. If it is backed only by the good faith and credit rating of the issuing company, it is called a debenture.
Accrued discount
active bond crowd
additional bonds test
adjustment bond
After-tax basis
Arbitrage bonds
authority bond
Bearer bond
Bond Buyer's Index
Bond Buyer's municipal bond index
bond discount
Bond points
Bond swap
Brady bonds
bulldog bond
Break-even time
Break-Even Yield
breaking a buck
breaking bulk
breaking the syndicate
Breakout Trader
Breakpoint Sale
breakup fee
breakup value
break-up value
Breeden, Douglas T.
Breeder's Insurance Policy
Brent Blend
Brent Crude Futures
Bretton Woods Agreement
Bre-X Minerals Ltd.
Brezhnev Stagnation
Briber
Brick and Mortar
brick bond
bricks, clicks, and flips
Bricks-and-Clicks
Bridge Bank
Bridge financing
Bridge Insurance
Bridge Insurance for Bridges under Construction
bridge loan
bridging loan
Bridlington Rules
Bring it out
Bring-Down Comfort Letter
bring-down search
Brisch system
Britannia Coins
British Bankers Association
British Caribbean Currency Board
British Clearer
British clearers
British Columbia Dollar
British Columbia Securities Commission
Brick & click
Brick (electronics)
brick -and-mortar
brick anchor
Brick and Allied Craft Union
Brick and Blocklayers Association of Canterbury
brick and brick
Brick and click
Brick and mortar business
Brick and Mortars
brick ashlar
brick ax
brick bat
brick beam
brick cement
brick cheese
Brick Children's Community Theater
Brick City Artists' Association
Brick City Center for the Arts
Brick clay
Brick click and flip
brick core
Brick Development Association
Brick dust
Brick Dust Appearance
brick dust urine
Brick earth
brick face
brick facing
brick filling
brick gauge
brick grade ASTM
brick grease
brick hammer
Brick Headwall

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Or 6 payments of $8.33 with LAYBUY What's this?
A retro look with a sporty spirit. This t-shirt is made of smooth knit fabric that has a bit of shine to it. Cut in a loose fit, the tee has a slightly cropped length designed to hit a little past your hip. A yoke across the back adds a polished touch.


A scuba diver found an iPhone on the seabed off the Dorset coast when it lit up after receiving a text.
Cerys Hearsey noticed the light while drift diving by Durdle Door on Saturday and was surprised to find the working mobile.
The device had been dropped by a kayaking Canadian tourist, who had given it up for lost.
After coming ashore Miss Hearsey was able to track down a relative of the owner and return the phone to Canada.
Miss Hearsey, 34, from Southend, said: "We were passing a lobster pot, and on a rock next to it, I noticed something light up.
"When I turned it over, it became clear it was a phone. I just stuck it in my dry suit pocket and forgot about it until the end of the day."
Miss Hearsey said when she got back on dry land she opened the phone and scrolled through the messages to try and identify the owner.
"Some of the names were pretty unique, so I fired off a couple of messages," she added.
"The owners cousin answered the next morning and we were able to meet before I headed back to Essex - a stroke of good luck because the owner was already on a flight back to Canada and had given the phone up for lost."
Miss Hearsey, who has been diving for three years, said she had heard of others finding phones and other valuables such as keys and jewellery.
She said: "It was nice to be able to help someone out - all of the [owner's] pictures from his holiday were on it which would have been a shame to lose."


We are located in Palo Alto California across from the Stanford University Campus with easy access from either Hwy 101 or Hwy 280.
From Hwy 101, exit either Embarcadero Road or the Oregon Expressway then turn onto El Camino Real. From Hwy 280, exit Page Mill Road. Turn left onto El Camino Real.


text:
The Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) (, Farhangestân-e Zabân-o Adab-e Fârsi) is the regulatory body for the Persian language, headquartered in Tehran, Iran. Formerly known as the Academy of Iran (, Farhangestân-e Iran), it was founded on May 20, 1935, by the initiative of Reza Shah, the founder of Pahlavi dynasty.

The academy acts as the official authority on the language, and contributes to linguistic research on Persian and other languages of Iran.

History

Early efforts
The first official attentions to the necessity of protecting the Persian language against foreign words, and to the standardization of Persian orthography, were under the reign of Naser al-Din Shah of the Qajar dynasty in 1871. After Naser al-Din Shah, Mozaffar al-Din Shah ordered the establishment of the first Persian association in 1903. This association officially declared that it used Persian and Arabic as acceptable sources for coining words. The ultimate goal was to prevent books from being printed with wrong use of words. According to the executive guarantee of this association, the government was responsible for wrongfully-printed books. Words coined by this association, such as rāh-āhan () for "railway", were printed in Soltani Newspaper; but the association was eventually closed due to inattention.

A scientific association was founded in 1911, resulting in a dictionary called Words of Scientific Association (), which was completed in the future and renamed Katouzian Dictionary ().

Establishment of the academy
The first academy for the Persian language was founded on May 20, 1935, under the name Academy of Iran. It was established by the initiative of Reza Shah, and mainly by Hekmat e Shirazi and Mohammad Ali Foroughi, all prominent names in the nationalist movement of the time.

Ferdowsi, in fact, was a motivation behind Reza Shah's decision to remove the foreign loanwords from Persian, replacing them with Persian equivalents. In 1934, Reza Shah ordered to rebuild Ferdowsi's tomb and set up a country-wide ceremony in honor of a thousand years of Persian literature since the time of Ferdowsi, titled Ferdowsi Millenary Celebration, inviting notable Iranian and foreign scholars.

The members of the academy included a number of notable literary figures and highly celebrated scholars upon its foundation, including Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani, Mohammad-Taqi Bahar, Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda, Mohammad Ali Foroughi, Badiozzaman Forouzanfar, Homayun Forouzanfar, Qasem Ghani, Abdolazim Gharib, Mohammad Ghazvini, Mohammad Hejazi, Ali-Asghar Hekmat, Mahmoud Hessabi, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, Ahmad Matin-Daftari, Saeed Nafisi, Ebrahim Pourdavoud, Isa Sadiq, Zabihollah Safa, Ali Akbar Siassi, and Rashid Yasemi.

Some foreign scholars were also involved, such as Arthur Christensen (from Denmark), Muhammad Husayn Haykal (from Egypt), Abduqodir Maniyozov (from Tajikistan), Henry Masset (from France), Raf'at Pasha (from Egypt), Jan Rypka (from Czechoslovakia), Dodikhudo Saymiddinov (from Tajikistan), and Muhammadjon Shakuri (from Tajikistan) and Syed Waheed Ashraf (from India).

The academy was a key institution in the struggle to re-build Iran as a nation-state after the collapse of the Qajar dynasty. During the 1930s and 1940s, the academy led massive campaigns to replace the many Arabic, French, and Greek loanwords whose immense use in Persian during the centuries preceding the foundation of the Pahlavi dynasty had created a literary language considerably different from the spoken Persian of the time.

Functions
The academy strives to protect the integrity of the Persian language. It heads the academic efforts for linguistic research on the Persian language and its sister Iranian languages. It has also created an official orthography of Persian.

The attention of the academy has also been towards the persistent infiltration of Persian, like many other languages, with foreign words, as a result of the globalization process. The academy constantly campaigns for the use of Persian equivalents of new loanwords. If no equivalents exist, it has the task of linguistically deriving such words from existing Persian roots, and actively promoting the adoption of these new coinages in the daily lives. The Iranian law requires those equivalents to be used in the official media, governmental affairs, and product management of all companies.

The Encyclopedia of Persian Language and Literature in South Asia

The Encyclopedia of Persian Language and Literature in South Asia (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) was established in 1993 in order to compile the Encyclopedia of Persian Language and Literature in South Asia, presenting the range of Iranian-Islamic language and culture and its impact on the subcontinent.

Demonstrating the contribution of Iranian and Islamic culture and the role of Persian language and literature in the history and culture of this region, as well as examining the long-standing commonalities and connections of these two ancient lands, especially in the post-Islamic period, is the main structure of this encyclopedia.

Membership
The academy members are selected from masters of Persian literature and linguistics. After the 1979 Revolution, Hassan Habibi was appointed as the academy's president, and he remained in that position until his death due to heart failure in January 2013. The current president is Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel.

The following is a list of both living and deceased permanent members of the academy since the 1979 Revolution.

Permanent members

Current
 Abdolmohammad Ayati
 Hassan Anvari
 Mahmood Abedi
 Kamran Fani
 Ahmad Samiei Gilani
 Badrozzaman Gharib
 Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (president)
 Hossein Masoumi Hamedani
 Gholam Sarvar Homayoun (from Afghanistan)
 Houshang Moradi Kermani
 Bahaoddin Khorramshahi
 Mohammad Dabir Moghaddam
 Mehdi Mohaghegh
 Fatollah Mojtabaei
 Mohammad Ali Movahhed
 Abolhassan Najafi
 Salim Neysari
 Nasrollah Pourjavady
 Fazlollah Qodsi (from Afghanistan)
 Ali Ravaghi
 Esmaeil Sa'dat
 Ali-Ashraf Sadeghi
 Yadollah Samareh
 Bahman Sarkarati
 Mohammad Jafar Yahaghi
 Mohammad Hossein Yamin (from Afghanistan)

Deceased
 Qeysar Aminpour
 Ahmad Aram
 Mohammad Taqi Danesh Pajouh
 Hamid Farzam
 Hassan Habibi (former president)
 Javad Hadidi
 Mohammad Khansari
 Abdolreza Houshang Mahdavi
 Abdolghader Meniasov (from Tajikistan)
 Mostafa Mogharebi
 Muhammadjon Shakuri (from Tajikistan)
 Mohammad Mohit Tabatabaei
 Ahmad Tafazzoli

Announcement of the Academy about the name of the Persian language in foreign languages
On November 19, 2005, the Academy of the Persian Language and Literature delivered a pronouncement on the name of the Persian language, rejecting any use of the word Farsi (instead of English Persian, German Persisch, Spanish persa, French persan, etc.) in foreign languages.

The announcement reads:
 Persian has been used in a variety of publications including cultural, scientific, and diplomatic documents for centuries and, therefore, it carries a very significant historical and cultural meaning. Hence, changing Persian to Farsi would negate this established important precedent.
 Changing the usage from Persian to Farsi may give the impression that "Farsi" is a new language, although this may well be the intention of some users of Farsi.
 Changing the usage may also give the impression that "Farsi" is a dialect used in some parts of Iran rather than the predominant (and official) language of the country.
 The word Farsi has never been used in any research paper or university document in any Western language, and the proposal to begin using it would create doubt and ambiguity about the name of the official language of Iran.

Supporting this announcement, gradually other institutions and literary figures separately took similar actions throughout the world.

See also
 Iranian studies
 Persian studies

References

1935 establishments in Iran
Organizations established in 1935
Cultural organisations based in Iran
Language regulators
Persian language
Persian literature
Education in Iran
Iran

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put, Swing provides the look and feel of the modern Java GUI.
give you a basic understanding of this important topic.
of controls, windows, and dialog boxes that support a usable, but limited graphical interface.
use native code resources, they are referred to as heavyweight.
operating systems, a component might look, or even act, differently on different platforms.


ALTON — A paranormal group from the south side of Chicago says they made a chilling realization after seeing Travel Channel's episode of Ghost Adventures where a TV crew explored the paranormal at the supposedly haunted McPike Mansion in Alton.
"Using scientific tools such as digital recording, along with video the two groups heard with their ears, horses walking on cobblestone and lucky enough capturing audio recording on a video camera," the group Spectrewaves reports.
Their investigation was conducted in August of 2018, a few months before the Ghost Adventures episode, which also included ghostly — or horsey — clippity-clop noises, was shot.
"This is not very common in the paranormal world, could there be a scientific explanation?," the group poses in an email to The Telegraph.
The ethereal steed portion of the episode begins in the video at about the 2:30 mark.
McPike Mansion, 2018 Alby St. in Alton, hosts regular ghost tours. The highest point in Alton, it's been empty since the 1950s. Restorative efforts include the sale of personalized bricks, blocks and benches to raise the funds.


text:
Tinja Donja es un pueblo en el municipio de Srebrenik, Bosnia y Herzegovina.

Geografía
El área alrededor de Tinja Donja está casi cubierta de campos. El clima es hemiboreal. La temperatura promedio es de 11 °C. El mes más cálido es julio, con 22 °C, y el más frío es enero, con -2 °C. La precipitación media es de 1205 milímetros al año. El mes más lluvioso es mayo, con 240 milímetros de lluvia, y el más seco es noviembre, con 64 milímetros.

Demografía
Según el censo de 2013, su población era de 1482.

Referencias

Wikipedia:Artículos con coordenadas en Wikidata
Localidades de Bosnia y Herzegovina


It's a common saying that disasters are natural and mistakes are man made. However, a proper disaster recovery Plan Template reduces the impact of those natural disasters. It also prevents such catastrophes from reoccurring over a period. Below are some Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) Examples which will help you cope up with the havocs. They specify procedures which the system has to follow in the event of a disaster. All of them are print-ready, that way they are best of both worlds. Look at them now.You may also see Plan Templates.
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text:
Samuel Kalman Scholarship
The APhA Foundation is honored to recognize Samuel H. Kalman through a named scholarship established by a lead gift from Elizabeth Keyes and supported by gifts from current and former APhA staff members. Kalman retired in December 1998 where he most recently worked in a dual position as Executive Director of APhA Development and APhA Foundation Senior Director of Administration, after 25 years of service to the association.
Kalman began his career at APhA as a result of a government grant to develop educational programs and other activities to assist pharmacists in providing services to nursing homes.
Subsequently, Kalman served as APhA Director of Education at which point he led in the development of the National Medication Awareness Test (NMAT) and was co-author of the Standards of Practice for the Profession of Pharmacy.
In 1984, Kalman became secretary of the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties (BPS) and was involved in pharmacist certification activities, including developing the Taskforce on Specialties in Pharmacy and Collaborative Study on Competence Assessment. Spanning nearly a decade of work with BPS, he then served in the role of APhA Foundation Administrator, and was an essential leader in the establishment of Project ImPACT: Hyperlipidemia, the landmark collaborative practice model demonstrating how pharmacists can improve patient care. While his full-time tenure with the Association ended in 1998, he continues to contribute his time to both APhA and the Foundation through part-time consultancy.
Kalman's sustained service to the pharmacy profession is applauded and a named scholarship recognizing his dedication is an appropriate way to honor and thank him for his professional accomplishments. The establishment of this scholarship honors a colleague and his 25 years of service and contributions to advance the work of the American Pharmacists Association (APhA), the APhA Foundation and the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties and their impact on pharmacy practice in the United States
The Samuel Kalman Scholarship is presented annually to one (1) recipient with a scholarship of $1,000.
Learn more about other APhA Foundation scholarships for students.
Click on the button below to donate to the Samuel Kalman Scholarship.


text:
Sir Albert Ruskin Cook (ur. 1870 w Hampstead, zm. 23 kwietnia 1951 w Kampali) – brytyjski lekarz, praktykujący w Ugandzie.

Życiorys
Ukończył Trinity College na Uniwersytecie Cambridge. Razem z żoną Katharine Cook (1863-1938) założył w Ugandzie szkoły przygotowujące do rodzicielstwa. Był przewodniczącym ugandyjskiej filii British Medical Association, w 1918 został odznaczony Orderem Imperium Brytyjskiego.

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne
 Biogram w bazie danych absolwentów Uniwersytetu Cambridge

Absolwenci Trinity College (Cambridge)
Brytyjscy lekarze
Ludzie związani z Ugandą
Odznaczeni Orderem Imperium Brytyjskiego
Urodzeni w 1870
Zmarli w 1951


"Hey guys. In this video Im going to show you, how to replace the LCD Screen without frame on your Sony Z1. It is faster and easier to replace just the lcd screen without the frame. SONY Z1 is also known under the model: Z1 Honami, Sony Xperia Z1 C6902/L39h, Sony Xperia Z1 C6903, Sony Xperia Z1 C6906, Sony Xperia Z1 C6943 I have also another video, where Im replacing the screen with frame. You will find it here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Awl9Kjt8ErU PARTS you can buy here: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LCD Screen Assembly - https://goo.gl/ZthQ53 Adhesive glue - https://goo.gl/JNmLal Digital Heat Gun - https://goo.gl/zGnxTO Repair Tools - https://goo.gl/1ksQ8U -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Always watch the video first to see where it is difficult. Work slowly and carefully. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBSCRIBE for more videos and tutorials. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"


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As assets house owners, lots of people understand that they need to maintain their big appliances in superb restore to help make sure which they have the position accomplished successfully and correctly. This protects lots of cash and time as well as pressure air conditioning service. 1 this kind of equipment that could be rapidly neglected right until ultimately it is actually really way too late is definitely the family air conditioning procedure.
Even so, yearly air conditioner servicing could make specified that the residence will stay great inside the celebration the summertime time heats up and it'll lengthen the day-to-day lifestyle of your unit.
Just just before you cell phone the neighborhood repairman to business your machine, you can find out a few things which you could possibly try this will help to make certain you might be receiving the best from a air conditioner.
– Take a look at and substitute the filter usually. Ordinarily after each month might be the conventional for replacing filters on heating or air con models. You'll get it finished added generally on the other hand if demanded, particularly while in the hottest months.
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So, what can you be expecting inside the technician in the course of an air conditioner servicing? Quite a bit truly. They may search on the coolant (acknowledged as Freon) degree to develop self-confident it may be within just just the manufacturer's recommended working directions. More Freon is added if need be. They need to also check the enthusiast belts of one's unit and oil the supporter motors as expected. The technician will even totally cleanse the unit's coils ought to they be soiled, and switch the filter for many who have not accomplished so. The operating temperature and tension can also be calculated, over again, to find out they are calibrated as instructed along with the unit's maker.


text:
Q: Remote image doesn't get displayed in html page displayed in UIWebView The following code

Is from apple's documentation
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#featuredarticles/iPhoneURLScheme_Reference/Articles/iTunesLinks.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40007896-SW1
When a html page containing that href is loaded into a browser the image is displayed, however when its loaded into a UIWebView it isn't displayed.
ShouldStartLoadWithRequest: does not get called for the following URL
http://ax.phobos.apple.com.edgesuite.net/images/
badgeitunes61x15dark.gif

Why does it not get called and why does this work in a browser but not in UIWebView?

A: Well, I just built a prototype with your HTML, and it worked fine for me.
However, a few thoughts:

*

*First, if you implement webView:shouldStartLoadWithRequest:navigationType: in your web view delegate, don't expect a callback for every single item in your HTML page.  If I remember correctly, it only calls that for top level requests (e.g. the whole page).  So, I would not expect to get a callback just for that one img resource.

*Since we already established that implementing webView:shouldStartLoadWithRequest:navigationType: won't do what you want, you might want to remove it altogether.  When I first lazily put it in my code, I forgot to return YES; from that method.  Since Objective-C is a rather loose language, the app built and ran, but obviously took NO to be the implicit return value from that method.  NO stops the request from loading.  If the image was the only thing in a sample page you had, you wouldn't see anything (and maybe falsely think it was just because of the img itself).

*I can't tell if this is only in the HTML that you posted in your question, or if it's in the real code, too.  But, you have whitespace inside your img src URL, after "images/".  That would obviously make this break.

*In my test, I also started with a web page that didn't scale content to fit.  That image is rather small, so if you don't scale your web view to fit, and view it on an iPhone/iPod, you might not have noticed such a small image.
    webview.scalesPageToFit = YES;

Anyway, that's all I can think of.  Like I said, it works for me.  It's not the image itself, or any difference between Mobile Safari, vs. UIWebView.
Double check and report back :)


text:
Children of Tendu
Episode 7 - What Do All Those Producer Credits Mean?
The career path for a television writer is a long and winding road that leads to a producer credit - but what does it mean to be a writer who becomes a producer? Do writers who rise to producers still write? What do all the different producer credits mean? What are the responsibilities of writers when they become producers? In this scintillating episode, Jose (of Firefly and Castle) and Javi (Lost, The Middleman) talk about what it means to rise up the food chain as a television writer, how writers become managers of a TV show's crew... and what is it that all of your collaborators on and off the set actually do - and why knowng is crucial!


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text:
\section{Introduction}
Many precision measurements of the correlation parameters and $ft$ values of
$\beta$-decaying nuclei have been used to help form our understanding of the
fundamental symmetries of the weak interaction.  Experiments of this kind
continue to be performed to search for physics beyond the standard model.
For example, the measured $ft$ values for superallowed $J^\pi=0^+\!\!\rightarrow
0^+$ pure Fermi transitions, have been used to verify the conserved vector
current (CVC) hypothesis to one part in $10^4$; to determine most precisely
the value of $V_{ud}$, the up-down element of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa
(CKM) matrix; and to set limits on scalar and right-handed
currents~\cite{HardyPRL:05,Hardy:05,Hardy:09}.

Transitions between isospin $T=1/2$ doublets in mirror nuclei are
also useful weak-interaction probes because there are relatively few
corrections required to describe their decay.  The most thoroughly studied
and theoretically cleanest example of such a transition is the decay of the
neutron~\cite{mendenhallPRC2013,plasterPRC2012,PERKEO}, but a number of other
cases have attracted attention recently: the decays of \tsups{19}Ne,
\tsups{21}Na, \tsups{29}P, \tsups{35}Ar and the subject of the present
work, \tsups{37}K.  Naviliat-Cuncic and Severijns~\cite{NavPRL09} used the
$ft$ values for these five transitions to determine $V_{ud}$, though less
precisely than has been achieved from the $0^+\!\!\rightarrow0^+$ transitions.
With more precise measurements, however, the $T=1/2$ result for $V_{ud}$ could
be improved enough to provide a valuable cross-check on the result from the
$0^+\!\!\rightarrow0^+$ transitions.  Our measurement is a first step on this
path.

For mixed Fermi/Gamow-Teller transitions, such as the decay of \tsups{37}K to
the ground state of \tsups{37}Ar, the measured $ft$ value can be related to
$V_{ud}$ via the corrected $\mathcal{F}t$ value, which incorporates calculated
corrections for radiative and isospin-symmetry-breaking effects, as
follows~\cite{SevPRC08}:
\begin{align}
  \mathcal{F}t &= f_V t(1+\delta'_R)(1+\delta_\mathrm{NS}^V-\delta_C^V) \nonumber\\
  &=\frac{K}{G_F^2|V_{ud}|^2\,C_V^2|M_F^0|^2\big(1+\Delta_R^V\big)
    \Big[1+\Big(\frac{f_A}{f_V}\Big)\rho^2\Big]}\label{eq:Ft}
\end{align}
where $K/(\hbar c)^6=2\pi^3\ln{2}\hbar/(m_ec^2)^5=8120.278(4)\times
10^{-10}~\mathrm{GeV}^{-4}\mathrm{s}$, the Fermi constant $G_F/(\hbar c)^3=
1.16637(1)\times10^{-5}~\mathrm{GeV}^{-2}$, and the vector coupling constant
$C_V=1$.  The parameters $\delta'_R$, $\delta_C^V$, $\delta_\mathrm{NS}^V$ and
$\Delta_R^V$ are the usual radiative and isospin-symmetry-breaking correction
terms calculated for the vector current \cite{Hardy:09}. The statistical rate
functions for vector and axial-vector currents are denoted $f_V$ and $f_A$.
In these mirror nuclei their ratio $f_A/f_V$ generally is within a few percent
of unity according to shell model calculations~\cite{SevPRC08}.

The Fermi matrix element in the limit of strict isospin-symmetry is
\begin{align}
  M_F^0=\big[T(T+1)-T_Z(T_Z\pm1)\big]^{1/2}
\end{align}
for a $\beta^\pm$ transition from a nucleus having $Z$ protons, $N$ neutrons,
and isospin $T_Z=\frac{1}{2}(N-Z)$.  It takes the value 1 for $T$=1/2 mirror
transitions.

Finally, the Gamow-Teller to Fermi mixing ratio $\rho$ is given by
\begin{align}
  \rho=\frac{C_AM_{GT}^0}{C_VM_F^0}\left[
    \frac{(1+\delta^A_\mathrm{NS}-\delta^A_C)(1+\Delta^A_R)}
    {(1+\delta^V_\mathrm{NS}-\delta^V_C)(1+\Delta^V_R)}
  \right]^{1/2},\label{eq:rho}
\end{align}
where $M_{GT}^0$ is the Gamow-Teller matrix element, $C_A$ is the axial-vector
coupling constant, and the correction terms with $A$ superscripts are
equivalent to those with $V$ superscripts but must be evaluated for the
axial-vector component.  Since, in general, $C_AM_{GT}^0$ cannot be precisely
calculated, $\rho$ must be taken from experiment.  This also makes it
unnecessary to calculate the axial-vector correction terms.

The decay of \tsups{37}K was one of the five cases used in
Ref.~\cite{NavPRL09} to determine $V_{ud}$.  The relatively large uncertainty
of its contribution was overwhelmingly dominated by the precision of $\rho$,
which was obtained from a single $\pm3\%$ measurement of the neutrino
asymmetry parameter, $B_\nu$~\cite{MelconianPLB2007}.  The $\mathcal{F}t$
value is known much better, to $\pm0.6\%$~\cite{SevPRC08}, with the largest
contribution to its uncertainty being the lifetime of the decay.  A survey
of mirror transitions and the theoretical corrections to their $f_Vt$ values
was made in Ref.~\cite{SevPRC08}, in which three \tsups{37}K half-life
measurements~\cite{Sc58, Ka64, Az77} were averaged to arrive at
$t_{1/2}=1.2248(73)~\mathrm{s}$.  This $\pm0.60\%$ uncertainty is much larger
than the $\pm0.14\%$ and $\pm0.04\%$ uncertainties on the other two
contributors to $f_Vt$ for \tsups{37}K: the branching ratio and $f_V$ value,
respectively.

The aim of the present work is to improve the lifetime of \tsups{37}K so that
it no longer dominates the uncertainty in the deduced $\mathcal{F}t$ value.
A more precise $\mathcal{F}t$ value on its own will not improve the value
of $V_{ud}$ obtained from \tsups{37}K decay.  For that purpose, an improved
measurement of $\rho$ via a correlation parameter such as $B_\nu$ or $A_\beta$ is
necessary.

\section{Experiment}
A high purity radioactive beam is essential for performing a
precision half-life measurement. We have measured the half-life of \tsups{37}K
at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A\&M University using a
$4\pi$ continuous-gas-flow proportional counter and a fast
tape-transport system. We produced \tsups{37}K via an
inverse kinematics reaction\;(fusion-evaporation reaction) by accelerating a primary beam of \tsups{38}Ar
to $29~\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{u}$ in the K500 superconducting cyclotron, and
impinging it on a $1.6$-atm\ H$_2$ gas target cooled to liquid
nitrogen temperature.  The forward focused reaction products were analyzed
using the Momentum Achromat Recoil Separator
(MARS)~\cite{mars,tamu-beams+MARS}. Selection and focusing of the desired
ions in MARS was done according to their $m/q$ value. At the focal plane of
MARS, a 16-strip position-sensitive detector of $300~\mu\mathrm{m}$ thickness
with an active area of $5\times5~\mathrm{cm}^2$ could be inserted to
detect the secondary reaction products, which were identified according to
their position and energy loss in the strip detector. The position of the
reaction products on the strip detector was related with its $m/q$ ratio.
This detector was initially inserted to help us tune the spectrometer
and was then removed before the measurement began. During the measurement,
it was reinserted once a day to ensure that no changes had occurred.
In this way we determined that the 22.7-$\mathrm{MeV/u}$ \tsups{37}K
beam passing through the spectrometer extraction slits was
$98.4\%$ pure, the remaining contaminants being \tsups{35}Ar, \tsups{34}Cl
and \tsups{33}Cl.

This separated beam then exited the vacuum system
through a $51~\mu\mathrm{m}$ thick Kapton foil. Immediately following this
foil was a $0.3~\mathrm{mm}$-thick BC-404 plastic scintillator, which counted
the number of ions.  The beam then passed through a stack of Al degraders,
and finally was implanted into the 76-$\mu\mathrm{m}$-thick aluminized Mylar
of the fast-tape transport system.  The degrader thickness was adjusted so
as to place the implanted \tsups{37}K at a depth mid-way through the tape.  At
this setting ($51\,\mu$m of Al), the combination of electromagnetic separation
in MARS and range selection in the degraders resulted in the \tsups{37}K beam
reaching the tape being $>98.8\%$ pure.

For part of the measurement we used two different thicknesses of degrader:
$70\,\mu$m, which resulted in the \tsups{37}K being placed at the front of
the tape; and $13\,\mu$m, which put it at the back of the tape.  The former
led to a higher proportion of impurities; the latter to a much lower
proportion. In both cases the intensity of \tsups{37}K was reduced.  In the
best case, with the \tsups{37}K deposited near the back of the tape, the
sample purity was $>99.7\%$.

A sample of \tsups{37}K was collected by implanting the beam into a section
of aluminized Mylar tape for a time interval of $0.5~\mathrm{s}$. The beam
was then turned off and the tape-transport system moved the sample in
$170~\mathrm{ms}$ to a well-shielded location, stopping it in the center of
a $4\pi$ proportional gas counter. There, the $\beta$ particles from the
decay were counted for $\approx20$ half-lives ($25~\mathrm{s}$).  This
cycle was repeated continuously, with each sample being collected on
a fresh region of tape, until the desired statistics had been accumulated.

The $4\pi$ gas counter and the data acquisition system used in the present
measurement were similar to those originally described in
Ref.~\cite{koslowskyNIMA1997}.  The current system has also been described
in detail in reports of previous half-life measurements of superallowed
$\beta^{+}$ emitters performed at Texas A\&M University (see, for example,
\cite{iacobPRC2006,iacobPRC2010}).  Briefly, the preamplified signals from
the gas counter are passed to a fast-filter amplifier with a high gain
($\times500$). At this high gain many of the pulses would saturate the
amplifier so, to ensure that the amplifier recovers quickly, large pulses
are clipped with a Schottky diode inserted after the first stage of
amplification. The amplified and clipped pulses are then sent to a
discriminator with very low threshold ($150-250$~mV).

Since deadtime is a serious concern for half-life measurements, the
discriminator signals were split and sent to two fixed-width nonretriggering
and nonextending gate generators, which established different dominant
deadtimes in the two separate streams, both of which were multiscaled into
500-channel time spectra.

The total measurement was split into 13 runs with different experimental
conditions: three discriminator threshold settings (150, 200 and 250\,mV),
two combinations of dominant deadtimes (4 and 6\,$\mu$s; 3 and 8\,$\mu$s),
three detector bias voltages within the detector's plateau region (2600, 2650
and 2700\,V) and three degrader thicknesses (13, 51 and 70\,$\mu$m).  The
initial activity of \tsups{37}K for each cycle was in the range of
$4000-7000~\mathrm{cps}$. All runs were composed of $100-300$~cycles, which
yielded a total of $4\times10^6$ counts in each. In addition, a background
measurement was performed for which all conditions were the same as for
normal data taking except that the tape motion was disabled. The background
rate was found to be four orders of magnitude lower than the initial count
rate for each collected sample.

\begin{figure}\centering
  \includegraphics[angle=90,width=0.485\textwidth]{ex-summed-fit}
  \caption{(Color online) Typical summed decay curve of the deadtime-corrected
    data obtained from a single run (top) and corresponding residuals of the
    fit (bottom).  The \tsups{37}K decay curve accounts for 99.5\% of the
    data, with 0.27\% from the \tsups{35}Ar and \tsups{33,34}Cl contaminants,
    and the rest from background.  The reduced $\chi^2$ of the fit was 1.05
    with 488 degrees of freedom.\label{fig:ex-summed-fit}}
\end{figure}

\section{Data Analysis}
The selection of data for final analysis was made according to three
criteria.  First, cycles with too few counts -- less than 5000 -- were
rejected.  Second, the number of $\beta$'s recorded in each cycle was compared
to the corresponding number of heavy ions recorded in the scintillator at
the exit of MARS.  If their ratio was abnormally low, it meant that the tape
did not stop with the activity positioned correctly within the $4\pi$
proportional gas counter.  In that case, the cycle was rejected. Finally, a
cycle was rejected if a half-life fit of the recorded data resulted in a very
poor reduced $\chi^2 >1.3$, which corresponds to a goodness-of-fit statistic
less than $0.001\%$.

We analyzed the decay data from accepted cycles using two different
methods: one based on summing all accepted cycles in a run (``summed''
analysis) and the other on performing a simultaneous fit on all the cycles of
a run (``global'' analysis).  All fits employed a fortran code based
on the Marquardt algorithm for $\chi^2$ minimization.  The
program assumes Poisson rather than Gaussian statistics in the data.

The fit function contained a constant background plus four exponentials
corresponding to the decays of \tsups{37}K and the main contaminants
\tsups{35}Ar, \tsups{34}Cl and \tsups{33}Cl.  The half-lives of the
contaminants were fixed at their well-known measured values:
$t_{1/2}=1.7752(10)~\mathrm{s}$ for \tsups{35}Ar~\cite{SevPRC08},
$1.52655(44)~\mathrm{s}$ for \tsups{34}Cl~\cite{Hardy:09} and
$2.5111(40)~\mathrm{s}$ for \tsups{33}Cl~\cite{SevPRC08}.  The intensity of
the contaminants could not be fit separately because of the high correlations
between them, so we fixed the relative normalization of the contaminants
at the values measured in the MARS focal-plane detector (corrected for losses
in the degraders), and allowed only the total amount of contaminant activity
to vary relative to \tsups{37}K in the fitting procedure.

\begin{figure}\centering
  \includegraphics[angle=90,width=0.485\textwidth]{ex-global-fit}
  \caption{(Color online) Simultaneous fit to the 21 decay curves of a
    single run containing a total of 311 cycles combined into groups of 15
    (top) and corresponding residual plot (bottom).  The data here are the
    same as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:ex-summed-fit} except in this case the data
    are not summed to a single decay curve. Here the reduced $\chi^2$ is 1.025
    with 6858 degrees of freedom.\label{fig:ex-global-fit}}
\end{figure}

In the ``summed'' method of analysis, the first step was to correct the
measured decay spectrum in each cycle channel-by-channel for deadtime, based
on the measured rate in each channel. Next, the cycles of a given run were
summed into two decay curves, one for each imposed dominant deadtime.
Finally, these spectra were fitted as already described.
Figure~\ref{fig:ex-summed-fit} shows a typical deadtime-corrected decay
curve for a single run analyzed using the summed analysis technique.  Note
that the fitted background level in the figure agrees well with the value
obtained in our dedicated background run.

In the ``global'' analysis, the fitting function itself is adjusted to account
for deadtime effects. In this method, many separate decay spectra within a
single run were fit simultaneously, all with the same lifetime for \tsups{37}K but
with separate contamination levels and backgrounds allowed for each
spectrum. Runs had between 120 and 750 cycles; so, to create a more manageable
number of spectra and also to improve the statistics in the individual spectra,
we summed the cycles together in groups and for each group took the effective
count rate to be the average of the rates in its component cycles. We then
performed a global fit on the resulting summed spectra. The \tsups{37}K half-life
extracted turned out to be insensitive to the number of cycles summed together
for each spectrum. Figure~\ref{fig:ex-global-fit} shows a simultaneous
fit using the global-analysis method; it is of the same run for which the
summed analysis is illustrated in Fig~\ref{fig:ex-summed-fit}.  The extracted
values for the half-life obtained from the two analysis methods are well
within uncertainties, as one can see from the results shown in
Figs.~\ref{fig:ex-summed-fit} and \ref{fig:ex-global-fit}.

\begin{figure}\centering
  \includegraphics[angle=90,width=0.485\textwidth]{fits-summary-v3}

  \caption{The half-life obtained for \tsups{37}K with different
    experimental conditions using the two analysis methods.  The labels for
    each run are the detector bias, discriminator setting, degrader thickness
    and imposed deadtime.  The solid line shows the best-fit half-life with
    the dashed lines representing the statistical uncertainty in the fit.
    \label{fig:halflife-vs-dataset}}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[b]
  \caption{Half-life values for \tsups{37}K obtained from two different
    analysis techniques.  All of the uncertainties shown are purely
    statistical.  The adopted half-life is taken to be the unweighted
    average of the two methods.\label{table:I}}
  \begin{ruledtabular}
    \begin{tabular}{lc}
      Method & half-life [s]\\
      \hline
      Summed analysis   & $1.23633(47)$ \\
      Global analysis   & $1.23669(38)$ \\
      \hline
      & \\[-0.9em]
      Average \tsups{37}K half-life  &  $1.23651(47)$  \\[-0.25em]
    \end{tabular}
  \end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

\subsection{Systematic Uncertainties}
The changing of parameters from run to run allowed us to test
for potential systematic effects that could contribute to the uncertainty
in the final results. In Fig.~\ref{fig:halflife-vs-dataset} we plot the
half-life obtained for 11 different run conditions using both analysis
techniques. Since two of the 13 runs had the same conditions as another run,
each has been averaged with its twin and plotted as a single half-life.  Each
plotted result is labeled by the four measurement parameters that pertained to
that result: detector bias, discriminator setting, degrader thickness and
imposed deadtime.  As already mentioned, each run produced two data streams,
each with a different imposed deadtime.  In all cases, the half-lives obtained
from the two streams agreed very closely.  Since both contain the same primary
data, only the result from one of the data streams is presented in Fig.\;3.
No systematic dependence on measurement parameters is evident.

In
Table~\ref{table:I} we present the half-lives, averaged over all runs,
obtained from the two different analysis techniques, ``summed''  and
``global''.  We take our final result to be the unweighted average of these
two half-lives, with the statistical uncertainty on the average conservatively
chosen to be the larger of the two individual values.

\begin{figure}\centering
  \includegraphics[angle=90,width=0.485\textwidth]{set04-channelchop}
  \caption{Test for otherwise undetected short-lived impurities or for
    possible rate-dependent effects. Each point is the result of a separate
    fit to one of the runs as the starting time of the fitting range is
    increased.  The solid and dashed lines correspond to the average
    half-life value and uncertainties given in
    Fig.~\ref{fig:halflife-vs-dataset}. \label{fig:timethresh}}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[b]
  \caption{Error budget for the \tsups{37}K lifetime measurement.  All of the
    values listed are in milliseconds.\label{table:systematics}}
  \begin{ruledtabular}
    \begin{tabular}{lllD{.}{.}{2.2}@{}D{.}{.}{1.2}}
      \multicolumn{3}{l}{Source} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Uncertainty}\\
      \hline
      \\[-0.8em]
      \multicolumn{3}{l}{Statistical}             && 0.47\\
      \\[-0.8em]
      \multicolumn{3}{l}{Systematics:}\\
      &&Contaminants              & \ 0.72&\\
      &&Analysis method           & \ 0.30&\\
      &&Deadtime                  & \ 0.20&\\
      &&Fitting range             & \ 0.13&\\
      &&Bias voltage              & \ 0.04&\\
      &&Discriminator threshold   & \ 0.04&\\
      \cline{4-5}
      \\[-0.8em]
      & \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total systematic}      && 0.82\\
      \hline
      \\[-0.8em]
      \multicolumn{3}{l}{Total uncertainty}       && 0.94\\[-0.25em]
    \end{tabular}
  \end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

Although we regularly monitored impurities with the detector at the focal
plane of MARS and accounted for the observed impurities in our fitting
procedures, we nevertheless made an additional check at the analysis stage
for unidentified short-live impurities.  We did this by artificially removing
up to the first $3.0~\mathrm{s}$ (60~channels) of the counting period in
steps of $0.1~\mathrm{s}$. At each step the remaining channels in the reduced
data set were fitted and a half-life extracted. The results are plotted in
Fig.~\ref{fig:timethresh}, from which it is clear from that the derived
half-life is stable against these changes.  This test also demonstrates our
system's independence of counting rate.  We examined the sensitivity of our
fit results to all the potential sources of systematic errors described above.
The outcome is the error budget given in Table~\ref{table:systematics}.   We
found the greatest variation in the extracted lifetime when we fixed the value
of the total impurity level to the amount observed in the MARS focal-plane
detector rather than leaving it free to vary in the fits.  The next largest
source of uncertainty was the counting statistics.  Our final result for the
half-life of \tsups{37}K is:
\begin{equation}
  1.23651(94)~\mathrm{s}.
\end{equation}
This $0.08\%$ measurement is nearly an order of magnitude improvement over
the previously accepted value~\cite{SevPRC08} and now completely dominates
the world average of the \tsups{37}K half-life.

\section{\boldmath$\mathcal{F}t$-value}
We follow the convention used in Refs.~\cite{NavPRL09} and~\cite{SevPRC08}
by defining the corrected $\mathcal{F}t$ value for mirror nuclei which
includes the variation due to the ratio of the Fermi to Gamow-Teller matrix
elements. Specifically, the $\mathcal{F}t_0$ value is defined as
\begin{align}
  \mathcal{F}t_0 = \mathcal{F}t\ C_V^2\,|M_F^0|^2\,\Big[ 1 +
  \big(\tfrac{f_{A}}{f_{V}}\big)\rho^{2}\Big]
\end{align}
where experimentally $\mathcal{F}t$ has already been defined in
Eq.~\eqref{eq:Ft} in terms of the measured $ft$ value and the small
radiative and isospin-mixing corrections as calculated in
Ref.~\cite{SevPRC08}. The mixing ratio $\rho$ defined by Eq.~\eqref{eq:rho}
is experimentally determined from a measurement of one of the angular
correlations of the decay.

When calculating the $\mathcal{F}t$ value, we take the branching ratio and
total decay energy of \tsups{37}K from the survey of Ref.~\cite{SevPRC08}:
$\mathrm{BR}=97.99(14)\%$ and $Q_{EC}=6.14746(20)~\mathrm{MeV}$.

Using our new value for the half-life of \tsups{37}K, we find
\begin{align}
  \mathcal{F}t = 4605.4\pm8.2~\mathrm{s}.
\end{align}
This result is four times more precise than the previous $\mathcal{F}t$ value
quoted in Ref.~\cite{NavPRL09}, and is now comparable to the precision of the
three most precisely measured $T=1/2$ mirror nuclei. The branching
ratio, no longer the half-life, is what now limits the precision of the
$\mathcal{F}t$ value.  We have already made a new measurement of this
branching ratio and are currently in the process of analyzing the data.
This should reduce the uncertainty in the $\mathcal{F}t$ value even further.

The only \tsups{37}K correlation measurement published to date,
$B_\nu=-0.755(23)$~\cite{MelconianPLB2007}, can be used to determine a value
for $\rho$.  Using the recoil-order corrections of Holstein~\cite{holstein},
we find $\rho=-0.560^{+24}_{-29}$, where the asymmetric error bars arise from
the fact that the uncertainty in $B_\nu$ is so large that the uncertainty on
the extracted value of $\rho$ is not Gaussian.  Using this value of $\rho$ and
the $\mathcal{F}t$ value above leads to
\begin{equation}
 \mathcal{F}t_{0} = 6057^{+149}_{-122}~\mathrm{s}.
\end{equation}
With our new lifetime measurement, the central value of $\mathcal{F}t_{0}$
has changed and is now better aligned with other mirror transitions.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
  \includegraphics[angle=90,width=0.485\textwidth]{Vud-mirror-transitions}
  \caption{(Colour online) Values of $V_{ud}$ deduced for the four most
    precisely measured mirror transitions as a function of mass number. The
    smaller error bars with the filled in region represent the component of
    the total uncertainty arising from just $\mathcal{F}t$ (the total error
    bars are all dominated by the correlation measurements).  The hatched
    region represents the fit to the average ($\chi^2/3=0.7$) yielding
    $|V_{ud}|=0.9718(17)$.  For comparison, the solid band shows the value
    of $V_{ud}$ derived from the pure Fermi transitions.\label{fig:Vud-summary}}
\end{figure}

Finally, noting that for a mixed transition, $\mathcal{F}t_0$ is related
to $V_{ud}$ by~\cite{NavPRL09}
\begin{align}
 V^2_{ud} = \frac{K}{\mathcal{F}t_{0}\,G_{F}^{2}\,(1+\Delta_{V}^{R})},
\end{align}
we calculate that from \tsups{37}K alone
\begin{equation}
  |V_{ud}|= 0.981^{+12}_{-10}.
\end{equation}
This can be compared to the older value of 0.985(12). The uncertainty is
barely affected by our improved half-life measurement because it is
dominated by the large uncertainty in the $B_\nu$ correlation parameter
measurement.

In Fig.~\ref{fig:Vud-summary} we plot $V_{ud}$ values for the four most
precisely measured nuclear mirror transitions. The point for \tsups{19}Ne has
been updated from the survey of Ref.~\cite{SevPRC08} to include recent lifetime
results~\cite{triambakPRL2012,ujicPRL2013,broussardPRL2014}.  The figure shows
that the main effect of the present \tsups{37}K lifetime measurement is to
shift its value of $V_{ud}$ into better agreement with the other mirror nuclei
and the $0^+\!\!\rightarrow0^+$transitions.

\section{Conclusion}
We have measured the half-life of \tsups{37}K, the decay of which proceeds
primarily via a mirror $3/2^+\rightarrow3/2^+$ $\beta^+$ transition to its
analog, the ground state in \tsups{37}Ar.  Our new result for the half-life
is $1.23651(94)~\mathrm{s}$. The $0.08\%$ precision of this result is nearly
an order of magnitude improvement over the previously accepted world average.
The $\mathcal{F}t$ value for the \tsups{37}K mirror transition is now
determined to $0.17\%$ precision, and the corresponding values of
$\mathcal{F}t_0$  and $V_{ud}$ have shifted into better alignment with values
determined for the other well-measured mirror transitions.  Nevertheless, the
uncertainties of $\mathcal{F}t_0$  and $V_{ud}$ remain completely dominated by
the correlation measurement for the transition.  The results from improved
correlation measurements, currently in progress by the \trinat{} collaboration
at \triumf\;\cite{melconianLASNPA}, are required
before the uncertainty on the mirror-transition value for $V_{ud}$ can be
improved.

\section{Acknowledgements}
We are grateful to the support staff of the Cyclotron Institute, especially
Don May and George Kim for providing the primary beam.  This work was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy under Grant No.\ DE-FG02-93ER40773 and Early Career Award
ER41747, as well as the Robert A. Welch Foundation under Grant No. A-1397.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Died: 15th July 1916; age 19; KiA.
Relatives Notified & Address: Son of Richmond Ernest & E.M. Adams (Stepmother), of 'Glenhurst', Vale Road, Chesham, Buckinghamshire.
1901 Upper Grange Road, Beccles, Suffolk.
Thomas was 4 years old and living with his parents & brother.
Richmond Ernest Adams, 29, a Printer's Proof Reader, born Ipswich.
Gertrude Lizzie Adams (nee Stokes), 29, born Ipswich.
Cyril Ernest Adams, 1, born Beccles.
1911 Rose Villa, Upper Grange Road, Beccles.
Thomas was 14 years old and living with his parents & siblings.
Richmond, 39, a Printer's Press Reviser.
Gertrude Winifred Adams, 7, born Beccles.
This is the highest death rate of the war for Ipswich one of 17 men.


Finished the 2011 Buller Gorge Half Marathon Run in 01:48:28 in MOPEN class!
He came 86th in class and 234th overall!
No photos of Kieran Hickman in 2011 , we may still be uploading/processing, check back later.


The keynote of all physical education activities should be enjoyment and purpose. A balanced programme of physical education provides physical, mental, creative and social stimuli. Children are taught simple competitive games, thus learning how to work together as a team. Gymnastics and Dance promote physical activity, co-ordination, poise and control. Safety awareness is an important part of all areas of Physical Education; children will learn to follow rules regarding procedure and appropriate use of various parts of the body. Throughout all areas, we aim to develop a positive attitude towards physical and recreational activities.
We also offer physical activities as extra curricular clubs including football and dance.
Please click here for the National Curriculum for Physical Education.


text:
// Copyright 2010 The Closure Library Authors. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

/**
 * @fileoverview A simple mock class for imitating HTML5 MessageEvents.
 *
 */

goog.provide('goog.testing.messaging.MockMessageEvent');

goog.require('goog.events.BrowserEvent');
goog.require('goog.events.EventType');
goog.require('goog.testing.events');

/**
 * Creates a new fake MessageEvent.
 *
 * @param {*} data The data of the message.
 * @param {string=} opt_origin The origin of the message, for server-sent and
 *     cross-document events.
 * @param {string=} opt_lastEventId The last event ID, for server-sent events.
 * @param {Window=} opt_source The proxy for the source window, for
 *     cross-document events.
 * @param {Array.<MessagePort>=} opt_ports The Array of ports sent with the
 *     message, for cross-document and channel events.
 * @extends {goog.testing.events.Event}
 * @constructor
 * @final
 */
goog.testing.messaging.MockMessageEvent = function(
    data, opt_origin, opt_lastEventId, opt_source, opt_ports) {
  goog.testing.messaging.MockMessageEvent.base(
      this, 'constructor', goog.events.EventType.MESSAGE);

  /**
   * The data of the message.
   * @type {*}
   */
  this.data = data;

  /**
   * The origin of the message, for server-sent and cross-document events.
   * @type {?string}
   */
  this.origin = opt_origin || null;

  /**
   * The last event ID, for server-sent events.
   * @type {?string}
   */
  this.lastEventId = opt_lastEventId || null;

  /**
   * The proxy for the source window, for cross-document events.
   * @type {Window}
   */
  this.source = opt_source || null;

  /**
   * The Array of ports sent with the message, for cross-document and channel
   * events.
   * @type {Array.<!MessagePort>}
   */
  this.ports = opt_ports || null;
};
goog.inherits(
    goog.testing.messaging.MockMessageEvent, goog.testing.events.Event);

/**
 * Wraps a new fake MessageEvent in a BrowserEvent, like how a real MessageEvent
 * would be wrapped.
 *
 * @param {*} data The data of the message.
 * @param {string=} opt_origin The origin of the message, for server-sent and
 *     cross-document events.
 * @param {string=} opt_lastEventId The last event ID, for server-sent events.
 * @param {Window=} opt_source The proxy for the source window, for
 *     cross-document events.
 * @param {Array.<MessagePort>=} opt_ports The Array of ports sent with the
 *     message, for cross-document and channel events.
 * @return {!goog.events.BrowserEvent} The wrapping event.
 */
goog.testing.messaging.MockMessageEvent.wrap = function(
    data, opt_origin, opt_lastEventId, opt_source, opt_ports) {
  return new goog.events.BrowserEvent(
      new goog.testing.messaging.MockMessageEvent(
          data, opt_origin, opt_lastEventId, opt_source, opt_ports));
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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2021 Oscars
Nomadland becomes the Oscars' 1st Best Picture winner directed by a woman of color
byBrendan Morrow
Nomadland just swept its way through awards season to a historic win at the Oscars.
The film from Chloé Zhao on Sunday won the Oscar for Best Picture, becoming the first movie directed by a woman of color ever to do so.
Prior to Sunday's Oscars, the only other film directed by a woman to win Best Picture was Kathryn Bigelow's The Hurt Locker. Zhao on Sunday also became only the second woman to win Best Director after Bigelow, as well as the first woman of color to win. Previously, Nomadland became the first movie directed by a woman to win the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture - Drama.
Nomadland was considered the Best Picture frontrunner going into Sunday's Oscars after previous wins at the Golden Globes, the British Academy Film Awards, the Directors Guild of America Awards, the Critics' Choice Awards, and the Producers Guild of America Awards. Given that numerous recent Oscars ceremonies including last year's ended in shocking upsets, though, pundits were bracing for the possibility of another big surprise win, possibly by Netflix's The Trial of the Chicago 7. But as it turned out, Nomadland remained unstoppable to the very end.
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The Ferrari Enzo sports car has a top speed of 218 miles per hour. The Enzo has 650 horsepower, weighs in at 3,000 pounds, goes from zero to 60 miles per hour in 3.1 seconds, and has an estimated cost of $650,000.
Ferrari only built 349 Ferrari Enzos. The Enzo is the spiritual successor to the 288GTO, the F40 and the F50. The proper name is Ferrari Enzo Ferrari, but is more commonly known as the "Enzo." The Enzo is fitted with column-mounted paddles just behind the steering wheel and no clutch for F1-style shifting. The Enzo comes in only red or yellow, and every one of the 349 Enzos manufactured was reserved.


text:
Psychology University
University | A to Z | Departments
David Pitcher
Psychology home
Our research students
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Student Wellbeing Staff
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I graduated in Psychology from York in 1994 and after ten years working in the private sector, I returned to academia to complete a PhD at University College London in 2009. I did postdoctoral training in neuroimaging at MIT and then accepted a research fellowship at the National Institute of Mental Health before returning to York in 2015.
Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in Psychology, University of York, 2020 Onwards
Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Psychology, University of York, 2015 to 2020
Research Fellow, NIMH, 2011 to 2015
Postdoctoral Researcher, MIT, 2009 to 2011
Ph.D. Psychology, University College London, 2006 to 2009
M.Sc. University of York, 2005 to 2006
B.Sc. Psychology, University of York, 1991 to 1994
Departmental roles
Deputy Chair of MSc Examiners
Member of Exceptional Circumstance Committee
I am a cognitive neuroscientist studying the cortical mechanisms of the human visual system. I use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological patient data to test functional models of brain function with a particular focus on face perception.
2017 to 2021 - BBSRC New Investigator Grant (BB/P006981) - £457016
"Causal Connections of the cortical face network studied with TMS and FMRI"
2016 to 2017 - SFARI Explorer Award (#392150) - $58036
"Measuring the size of face-selective regions using fMRI and TMS"
Pitcher, D., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2021). Evidence for a third visual pathway specialized for social perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(2), 100-110.
Pitcher, D., Parkin, B., & Walsh, V. (2021). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the understanding of behaviour. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 97-121.
Sliwinska, M. W., Bearpark, C., Corkhill, J., McPhillips, A., & Pitcher, D. (2020). Dissociable pathways for moving and static face perception begin in early visual cortex: evidence from an acquired prosopagnosic. Cortex, 130, 327-339.
Sliwinska, M. W., Elson, R., & Pitcher, D. (2020) TMS demonstrates causal functional connectivity between the left and right posterior temporal sulci during facial expression recognition. Brain Stimulation, 13(4), 1008-1013.
Sliwinska, M. W., & Pitcher, D. (2018). TMS demonstrates that both right and left superior temporal sulci are important for facial expression recognition. NeuroImage, 183, 394-400.
Pitcher, D., Japee, S., Rauth, L., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2017). The superior temporal sulcus is causally connected to the amygdala: A combined TBS-fMRI study. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(5), 1156-1161.
Pitcher, D., Duchaine, B., & Walsh, V. (2014). Combined TMS and fMRI reveals dissociable cortical pathways for dynamic and static face perception. Current Biology, 24(17), 2066-2070.
Full publications list
For full publication list see David Pitcher's Google Scholar profile.
Brain and Behaviour: Clinical Neuroscience (Year 2)
Advanced Module: The Neurobiology of Depression (Years 3 and 4)
Dr David Pitcher
Room PS/B122
Tel: work 01904 322864
david.pitcher@york.ac.uk
http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~dp859/
University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
Tel: work 01904 323190 | Fax: fax 01904 323181 | psychology-enquiries@york.ac.uk
© University of York | Modify | Direct Edit


Bring to the boil, then pour the quinoa and continue to cook until the corn will have absorbed all liquid.
In a pan with two tablespoons of olive oil and sauté the onion and crushed garlic clove before the latter United diced vegetables coloring or thin strips, being careful to follow an order of precedence by consistency and cooking time and making spend one to two minutes between one and the other.
After adding the last, cover and let braise for 15 minutes.
Unite at this point the quinoa with vegetables, add salt and mix well until mixture is quite smooth.
Fill a baking pan or a baking dish greased with oil with the mixture.
Press it down for good with your hands, make it more uniform surface, moisten with a little olive oil and bake in preheated oven at 180° C, and cook until the surface will be colored a nice golden brown.
Once baked, before slicing let stand for ten minutes.


The D25 is the space-filling D-brane in open bosonic string theory.
The decay of the D25 is exhibited by the tachyon of the perturbative bosonic string, described by Sen's conjecture.
For the moment see the pointers at bosonic string field theory in the sections achievements and at references – Tachyon dynamics, decaying D-branes and Sen's conjecture.
Created on July 14, 2013 at 22:00:56. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.


text:
Q: How do you display a list of users with full control? I am currently working on creating a visual web part that displays a list of users with full control to a SharePoint site, along with their loginID and email. The code I've written lists all the users in the Owner Group (which means they have full control). But this does not fulfill my objective, because I just realized that users that aren't in the owner group can also have full control.
This is the code I have so far:
namespace DisplaySiteOwnersVWP.VisualWebPart1
{
[ToolboxItemAttribute(false)]
public partial class VisualWebPart1 : WebPart
{

    string mySiteURL = "my Site URL goes here";
    DataTable dtTable = new DataTable();

    public VisualWebPart1()
    {
    }

    protected override void OnInit(EventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnInit(e);
        InitializeControl();
    }

    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

        dtTable.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Name"));
        dtTable.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("UserID"));
        dtTable.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Email"));

        using (SPSite site = new SPSite(mySiteURL))
        {
            using (SPWeb web = site.RootWeb)
            {
                SPGroup ownerGroup = web.AssociatedOwnerGroup;
                if (ownerGroup != null)
                {
                    foreach (SPUser user in ownerGroup.Users)
                    {

                            DataRow dtRow = dtTable.NewRow();
                            dtRow["Name"] = user.Name;
                            dtRow["UserID"] = user.LoginName.Substring(6);
                            dtRow["Email"] = user.Email;
                            dtTable.Rows.Add(dtRow);

                    }
                }

                gvOwners.DataSource = dtTable;
                gvOwners.DataBind();

            }
        }

    }

}
}

Can someone please help me with how to display all the users with full control? Instead of just displaying users in the Owner group.
Does this have to do with a property that has to do with site permissions?

A: You might need to use  SPRoleDefinitionCollection
using(SPWeb web = SPSite(webUrl).OpenWeb())
{

    SPRoleDefinitionCollection roleDefinitions = web.RoleDefinitions;
    SPRoleDefinition roleDefinition = roleDefinitions["Full Control"];

    foreach (SPRoleAssignment roleAssigment in web.RoleAssignments)
    {
      if (roleAssigment.RoleDefinitionBindings.Contains(roleDefinition))
      {
          SPPrincipal principal = roleAssigment.Member;
      }

    }

}


How Should a Christian View Dieting and Exercise? I answer that question in this week's episode.
1. Is It Okay to Have Breast Augmentation Surgery?
2. What Did Jesus Mean When He said, "The Eye is the Lamp of the Body"?


We are all familiar with budgets: personal budgets to keep track of spending and income, household budgets that keep expenses on track and plan for improvements or even to help save for vacations. And there are business budgets. From mom and pop stores to multinational corporations, all enterprises need to have them and track actual expenses against them.
Business budgets are quite different from personal budgets. Instead of simply determining how much income there is and on what its being spent, budgets for companies can act as a report card for their spending practices while keeping expenses under control and avoiding spending more money than the company has available.
Getting off the ground with your budget. To get started, business owners should create a master budget, also known as a static budget. This is populated with overall planned income and expenses for the company. When crafting the static budget, business owners need to spend some time and effort forecasting the upcoming fiscal period in order to determine realistic inputs and outputs. This budget serves as the guideline for the company's finances.
Changes are allowed. In business as in life, unexpected expenses arise. A static budget serves as a guideline but it is not set in stone and can be changed when the need arises. It's important to remember that changes should be made as needed, not necessarily just for convenience. You spent a lot of time and effort creating the budget; so don't throw it out the window at the first sign of things being a little different from what was planned.
Tracking actuals against the budget. Next, when the financial period has drawn to a close, it's time to compare. At this point, you should create a flexible budget that shows what has actually happened in the business.
In a flexible budget, the budgeted amounts (for example, costs or selling prices) are multiplied by units to determine what the costs would be based on different levels of sales or production. This would help determine if there are reduced costs by increased production, which would be classified as variable costs. Fixed costs, which typically do not change, are also a component of the flexible budget.
When variable and fixed costs are combined into the flexible budget, you will be able to compare actuals against the budget and see where the company exceeded expectations and where it fell short. At this point, you will be able use that information to better inform the new budget for the upcoming fiscal period.
Flexible budgets are the gold standard in big business but should not be seen as not for small businesses. On the contrary, this type of budgeting is invaluable for businesses of all sizes and can help business owners to get, and keep, a handle on the comings in and goings out of their businesses.
Tracking actuals versus your budget is a critical ingredient to success. Without having a good handle on what your business is doing, you won't be able to properly manage the status quo, let alone growth.