1.1 Sentences. The basic word order in Kash sentences is subject - verb - (indirect object, if present) - direct object when the subject and objects are all nouns. Intransitive verbs, of course, will have no DO, but may have an IO. Verbs are marked with the personal prefixes to agree with their subject, whether noun or pronoun; subject pronouns are omitted, except for emphasis. Pronominal objects, however, precede the verb (in the order DO - (IO) - verb) in the short or clitic form, or in the full form when emphasized. (Note that the neuter singular object pronoun yu is usually omitted unless ambiguity would result.) The subject is always in the nominative case, IO in the dative; the DO may be dative or accusative (in a few cases, genitive). See §2 Use of the Cases.
1.1b. Questions. Yes-no questions, in correct usage, are simply declarative sentences with the question particle aka preposed, and rising intonation-- çenji yatimbat minaye 'Sheni knows Mina' > aka çenji yatimbat minaye? 'does Shenji know Mina?' (there are variants without aka in colloquial speech).
1.1c. "Passive", impersonal and subjectless sentences; physical sensations.
(?)minaye (~ne) yavele toye amani her father gave Mina (~her) money = Mina (She) was given money by her father.
Both sentences are felt to be awkward, and though written work shows examples of both, they are rare. The construction can be avoided by topicalizing the subject, though in that case a "passive" translation might not be appropriate. There is, of course, no problem with a pronoun subject--minaye yavele toye Mina was given money by him/her.
iii. Weather verbs. (1) A few nouns that describe conditions require yale ..., e.g yale lero, yale yanga, yale sucup, yale tandi piyal it's sunny, it's windy, it's muddy, it's full moon. (2) If the condition can be described with an adjective/verb, there are two ways of expressing it: (a) as a verb, with 3rd pers. sing.-- yafasan, yaronek it's hot, it's cold. Or (b) with lero(ni), e.g. leroni (ya)fasan, leroni (ya)ronek (3) A few nouns may be used in all three ways, especially (leroni,) yaripa ~yale ripa, (leroni,) yaçoteru ~yale çoteru it's rainy/raining, it's foggy. The sentences with leroni might also be translated "it was a hot day,...a foggy day".
iv. For the English construction with "one", Kash prefers to use a personal pronoun--1st or 2nd pers., singular or plural, as best fits the situation. Thus, ta makayapi (~hakayapi etc.) kar pila! I (you)(=one) hardly know what to think! However, there is a way to express "one"-- with subject ka&ccedl; and bare verb stem-- kaç ta kayapi kar pila! kaç kuna çañuke... one (lit., person) hardly knows what to think! one might hypothesize....-- but it is considered evasive, condescending, affected and high-flown.
- andum ye 'the/that little girl'; andum virik 'a pretty little girl'; andum ye virik 'that pretty little girl'; in e.g. the genitive: andumi ye, andumi ye virik; plural andumila nila, andumila (nila) virik, dative andumile nila virik.
Adjectival modifiers may themselves be modified with adverbials like niya 'very', uti 'rather, somewhat', lavi 'more', omban 'less', imik 'least', which are all postposed-- puna marok niya 'a very old house', payo mondes uti 'a rather shoddy cape'; also superlative krat 'most', which is preposed-- lero krat fasan 'the hottest day', payoni krat tevas 'his most elegant cape'-- though most speakers tend to relativize adjectivals with a preposed modifier.
lavi and omban may also be used as adjectivally, as in mipita añulin lavi 'we need more lumber'. Comparative sentences will be discussed in more detail in §6.2.
It should be noted that there is a growing tendency in colloquial speech to prepose all adverbial modifiers-- puna lavi velu, kaçut niya marok, payo uti mondes 'a newer house, a very old man, a rather shoddy cape'. However, such usage is still frowned upon by educated speakers, even though there is a reason for the change: in predicative sentences all modifiers precede the adjective form (e.g. puna yu lavi yavelu 'that house is newer') and this requirement has simply been extended to descriptive usage as well. See §6.
1.2b. No more than two adjectival modifiers may follow a noun, optionally connected with i 'and'-- puna marok (i) vanat 'an old white house'. When more than two modifiers occur, one or more of them must be rephrased as a relative clause or conjoined sentence, e.g. "he bought that old white stone house": yatraka puna yu cangar vanat i/re yamarok lit. he bought that white stone house and/that it is old. Presence of a genitive noun, also, frequently requires this rephrasing, since a genitive noun counts as a modifier.
Any adjectival modifier, in fact, may be phrased verbally as a relative clause, with little change in meaning or emphasis: thus, puna (yu) re yavanat 'house that is white' is equivalent to puna (yu) vanat; similarly, puna re yamarok (i) yavanat. This is also the preferred construction when the adjective has a preposed modifier like krat 'most' or sambat 'so..., such a...' -- so andi re krat yavital 'the tallest boy' (though NOUN krat ADJ is acceptable), puna re sambat yamarok 'such an old house' (NOUN sambat ADJ may occur colloquially but is considered substandard).
1. when the noun has more than two modifiers (not including a demonstrative), then the excess must be relativized; it does not matter which, although the relativized modifier can be interpreted as more important or more emphasized; so "that beautiful old white house" is puna yu marok (i) vanat re yavirik, or puna yu virik (i) vanat re yamarok, etc.-- or even, by choice, puna yu vanat re yamarok (i) yavirik.
2. when the modifier is a verbal base with some modifying material of its own; it is possible to say pumbik kumbor 'a collapsed barn' but pumbik re yakumbor pehan cosa 'barn that collapsed last year'; or sende çindi 'a/the spoken language' but sende re içindi keandolila 'the language spoken by Andolians', lit. '...that (it) they-speak Andolians'. The only exception is mepu 'make ~made' (and a few other verbs involving methods of manufacture) followed by a single noun denoting material, location, etc., as nimu mepu hece 'a pot made of iron', ñakiç volu holunda 'cars assembled in Holunda'; ...mepu pawu-ta '...made in Bau Da').
3. Relativization is also preferred for inchoative and causative modifiers-- better pumbik re yaçukumbor 'a barn (that is) about to collapse, in danger of collapsing' or pumbik re irungumbor 'a barn that is/was demolished ~pulled down', lit. '...that they demolished', than pumbik çukumbor or pumbik rungumbor (though these may occur, they are considered awkward and substandard.).
4. when the modifier is a phrase of some sort-- kaçut re mesa niyoñi 'a one-armed man, a man with one arm', lit., '...that (it is) one, his arm'; kaçut re aceni (ya)matra 'a man with a broken leg', lit., '...that his leg (it is) broken'; puna re nim atelni 'a five-room house, house with five rooms', lit., '...that five its room(s)'.
5. and usually when a genitive noun is present: for although puna virik çenjiyi 'Shenji's beautiful house' is acceptable, puna çenjiyi re yavirik is preferred by many. Relativization is required if more than two modifiers are present (and the genitive form counts as a modifier) puna virik çenjiyi re yamarok 'Shenji's beautiful old house' is acceptable, but puna çenjiyi re yavirik yamarok would be preferred.
1.2c. Nouns modified by other nouns. Such modifiers typically refer to the material of which something is made, its origin, brand-name, or some other characteristic. For example: nimu hece 'iron pot', puna cangar 'stone house', poren andoli 'Andolian wine', kofa -añol velu- 'New Star beer', prale toloti '(Mr.) Toloti's kiosk'. These may also be relativized, but then need some explanatory word: nimu re mepu hece, puna re mepu (or ningar 'built') cangar, poren re mepu andoli, kofa re mepu (or arañi 'its name') -añol velu-, prale re yapeña tolotiyi ~ re apeñani ('property of') toloti.
Generally allowed: kaçut yu marok me yacura liri eçevani 'that old man told me about his trip'. Or: yavele anaye virik kreki 'she gave the pretty child a cookie'.
- angunjo lero 'half a day, half of the day'-- just 10 hours; or about 3-4 if working hours are meant; angunjo lelero 'half-days'-- i.e. 10-hour periods, or 3-4 working hours per day; versus angunjo leroç 'half of the days' (in a given time period); similarly with other time words-- angunjo aro 'half an hour', angunjo aro-aro 'half of every hour, by half-hour periods, every half-hour', angunjo aroç 'half the hours (of the day or other time period)'. Or, angunjo kumus 'half of a/the cake', angunjo pipinal kumus 'half of every cake', angunjo kumuç 'half of the cakes'.
The variety of Kash being described here is a "syllable-timed" language, that is, every syllable is pronounced distinctly with approximately equal length. There is little rise and fall in the voice.
Topicalized: mi2^na2/, 2 yafilan pore2^ñi1 '(as for) Mina, she brought the wine'; with the object as topic 2pore2^ñi2/, 2mina (yu) yafi2^lan1 '(as for) the wine, Mina brought it'.
Counting/listing: fiyan yale? eya,...ke2^li2/, sor2^/, fa2^nu1. 'How many are there? Let's see...six, seven, eight'. 2mimaru mina2^ye2/, 2çenji2^ye2/, 2(i) 2ere2^ke1 'we invited Mina, Shenji and Erek'.
3.1 Nominative. This is the base form of the noun; there is no special case ending. It is used (a) as the subject of a sentence, and as the complement of the copular verbs ale 'to be' (whether present or not), ciyon 'to seem' and yukar 'to become'; and in topic position; (b) with some inflected titles, and in apposition with them; (c) in the so-called ni-construction, which has several uses: (i)as the (logical) object of compound prepositions and (ii) as "possessor" in the genitive construction noun+ni noun(nom.), used mostly with inanimate nouns, but in some cases with animates; (d) as direct object is certain verbal constructions; and (e) as subject (in certain cases for humans, all cases for non-human) of accidental caka-verb forms.
- (As subject/complement) çenji yale kandumbra 'Shenji is a doctor'. The copula ale is not usually omitted in sentences of the type NOUN is NOUN, but if it is, the subject then becomes a topic (see next).
- (As topic-- a very common construction) cenji, yale kandumbra '(As for) Shenji, he's a doctor'-- this sentence differs from the one above only in intonation, discussed above. Similarly with ale deleted-- çenji, kandumbra-- with topic intonation. Further: in çenji, ta ne matikassa 'As for Shenji, I didn't see him'-- "Shenji" is nominative, even though he is logically the object of tikas, as indicated by ne in the main clause.
- (Always without copula) riyena çenji? 'Where is Shenji?' lani çenji? 'Which one is Shenji?' arañi (aran+ni) çenji 'His name is Shenji'.
- (As complement) yamelo yukar kandumbra 'He wants to become a doctor'. sininji ya yaciyon kacivar 'That young man seems/appears to be a student'.
If, however, the name is in appostion with the title (in writing, set off with commas), then both nouns take case markers-- matikas kandumbraye, alikaye 'I saw the doctor, Alika;' maçindi pambane, minjere 'I spoke to Pamban, the Deputy'. Similarly with a pronoun, "we doctors..." mila kandumbrala..., (gen.) mili kandumbrali.
3.1c. In a very common, and very important usage, the nominative occurs instead of the genitive in what might be called a "pseudo-genitive" construction [noun/verb/adj.]a+ni + NOUNb(nom.). (Since our purpose in this section is to illustrate the uses of the nominative case, more detailed discussion of some of these "ni-constructions" will be deferred until §4.) Formerly, many such cases were considered colloquial, and were frowned upon in "proper" speech and writing; but they are now acceptable not only in speech but in all but very formal or technical written work.
3.1c.i. It occurs especially with compound prepositions, where it has always been considered correct. "Compound" prepositions are of the sort ri vaka/ni... 'under...', ri ciniye/ni... 'to the middle of..., into the midst of...', ri ondeni... 'in the interior of..., inside...' etc., alo ondeyi/ni... 'from the inside of..., out of...', and many others. Grammatically, vaka, cini, onde etc. are the object of their preposition, and carry any necessary case-markings, but the noun that follows (in the nom.) is the logical object.
There are cases where a human or other animate noun can occur in this construction, but they will be dealt with in §4. For example, similar to the "genitive" use, many verbs and adjectives can be "nominalized" or topicalized with -ni (and with the lst and 2nd person suffixes as well). Some of these are long-established and completely acceptable-- e.g. such things as vitalni çenji, vitalmi 'çenji's height (is...), my height (is...)'; others are considered somewhat colloquial (and subject to over-use), but have become acceptable in almost all situations.
Thus, a sentence like mapila ~çenji yapila re hanjayi hacosa 'I think ~Shenji thinks (that) you ought to go' can be transformed to: pilami ~pilani cenji, hanjayi hacosa with essentially the same meaning, except that pilani/mi is now technically a noun (though indeclinable)and has topic intonation-- we might interpret this as 'my ~Shenji's thought/thinking is...'or 'what I think ~Shenji thinks is, you ought to go'.
- irumaran sim tolotiye tekangaya 'they named/appointed Mr. Toloti(dat.) Senior Professor(nom.)' ~sim tolotiye irumaran tekangaya but not *tekangaya irumaran sim tolotiye.
- mina yalepes çenjiye -çiçi- 'Mina calls Shenji "Shishi"
- milepes ele yu uku 'we call that plant(acc.) uku(nom.)' ~ iyu ilepes uku 'that's called uku' (lit., that(acc.) they-call uku(nom.)-- the nearest equivalent to a passive in Kash). Given the identity of the neuter nom/acc. cases, the case assignments here are based on analogy of sentences with animate objects.
- mina yavele aran erek anayeni 'Mina named her child Erek.' Note that the apparent direct object aran (+erek) precedes the indirect object anaye (technically incorrect!); however, in this case vele aran is considered a unit, with the name 'Erek' in apposition (note too, only a proper name may follow aran in this construction). Thus, anayeni is the true direct object and as such may be fronted, while aran+erek may not be. It is possible to say, with normal word order, mina yavele anayeni aran erek as a somewhat literal translation of "Mina gave her child the name Erek" (with expected IO-DO order, though Erek in apposition remains in the nominative)-- acceptable but odd, since most Kash would have an immediate mental picture of Mina somehow handing the name over as if it were some tangible object. Still, it is correct to say yavele anayeni aran ehas/tarambik 'she gave her child a strange/unsuitable name,' or yavele anayeni aran otamayini 'she gave her child his grandfather's name ~she named him after his grandfather', but never *yavele aran ehas/otama anayeni which could only mean "she named her child 'Strange' or 'Grandfather'".
Some of the others like mepu honder 'to attack', mepu tenar 'to battle', vele tropa 'to warn', and irumale keti(ç) 'impose a condition/conditions on...'-- are also verb + noun, and like vele aran are considered "double accusatives", with honder, tenar, tropa viewed as accusatives. Similarly, (verb + verb), rumuwik mepu (lit., expel work) 'to fire, dismiss from a job', vele nanguça (lit., give consume-by-fire) 'to cremate', and vele/kota rapinda (lit., give/say welcome) 'to welcome'-- all these verbal expressions take a human object either in the dative (vele tropa, vele/kota rapinda, irumale keti(ç)) or accusative (the others, since they are seen as directly affecting their object), and non-human/neuter objects in the accusative, as expected. (mepu honder ri... and mepu tenar yam... can also occur with prepositional phrases, meaning more literally 'make an attack on...' and 'engage in/do battle with...').
- lopa ya yakici minan 'The/that lopa bit Mina'. yen yakici 'It bit her'.
- erek yakepak çenjin 'Erek hit Shenji' [with his fist]. erek yan yakepak 'Erek hit him'.
- man ikrahar 'they tortured me'.
- erek yasorom nim lopan 'Erek sold 5 lopas'. nin yasorom 'he sold them (anim.)'.
- mina yatarupat tingas cika 'Mina refuses to watch TV'. ta (yu) yalisam 'she doesn't like it'.
The other use of the accusative case is with prepositions, principally ri and its compounds, indicating location in, at, or on: yale ri puna 'he's in the house' (or, 'at home'); (yu) matraka ri fale 'I bought it at the market'; hakukkapo ri laca yu 'just put it on that table'; kandri hatikas ri ondeni puna? 'what did you see in(side) the house?'; ne matikas ri kandini fale 'I saw him in front of the market'; mina (yu) yatromat ri vakani laca 'Mina found it under the table'.
Colloquially, the verb ale is often omitted in short sentences: çenji, ri puna(ni)/opor; indemi, ri fale 'Shenji's at home/outside; my mother's at the market.' Note also the question word riyena '(at) where?' (considered to be an accusative form)-- riyena çenji? 'where is Shenji'; riyena eyalaç poren? 'where are the wine-glasses?'.
- mina yavele andine kreki 'Mina gave the little boy a cookie'; mina ne yavele kreki 'Mina gave him a cookie'-- an indirect object is generally required with di-transitive verbs like "give, lend" and may not be deleted.
- sovandrulaye yarumopor karun 'Sovandrula was exiled by the karun' (with fronted object, the sentence corresponds to an English passive, but structurally it is active; rumopor lit. cause to (go) out < opor 'out(side), away'). Note that similar rumuwik 'to banish, drive out' (lit., cause to flee/run away) by convention takes an accusative object; it refers mainly to the ancient punishment for taboo-violation.
If the context is unclear, a confused listener may ask kandri filañi/copiñi? 'what did he take/fetch?', and the speaker will have to clarify.
- yacopin indeyeni mambreñi 'he fetched his brother for his mother'.
If we keep in mind that causative verbs have an underlying structure something like [SUBJ a cause [SUBJb verb OBJc]] which becomes [SUBJa rumcaus+verb DATb ACCc], the resulting sentence is clear; in effect, the subject of the original sentence becomes the indirect object of the causative verb. Thus basic sentence mina yanunji çenjiye 'Mina met Shenji' > [my father cause [mina met shenji]] > amami rundunji minaye çenjin 'my father introduced Mina to Shenji' (note that the case structure of the Kash sentence is the reverse of the English); and likewise if the objects are pronouns: ...ne rundunji çenjin; ...yan rundunji minaye; ...yan ne rundunji. It would also be possible to say amami nile rundunji (liya-liya) 'my father introduced them (to each other)'. It is also possible to omit the accusative form: amami rundunji minaye 'my father introduced Mina [e.g. to the group at large]'.
The synonymous verb rundimbat 'to introduce' (<timbat 'to know s.o., be acquainted with s.o.') has somewhat more formal connotations, and differs from rundunji in that it must always have both noun/pronoun objects-- i.e. neither *...nile rundimbat (liya-liya) nor *...ne rundimbat is possible.
The causative of copin, runjopin 'cause/send s.o. to fetch s.o/s.t.' behaves in the same way: yacopin mambreyeni 'he fetched his brother' > indeni ne yarunjopin mambreñi 'his mother had him/sent him to fetch his brother'. And likewise with rundikas 'to show, exhibit' (<tikas 'to see'): mile yarundikas memeñi 'she showed us her baby'; it may occur without indirect object in karun yarundikas anakasiñi 'the karun exhibited his first-born [understood: to the people]' (a formal ceremony), and of course in a sentence like ketrafun yarundikas kraçeteçni 'the artist exhibited his paintings'.
With the verbs cosa, rata, fosi 'go, come, sail' (and one or two others), instead of using ri + dat. the location may be treated as a "direct object", with the animate acc. ending -n, even though the noun is inanimate: yacosa falen 'he went to the market'; mirata holundan 'we arrived at Holunda'; ifosi kandrokon 'they sailed to Kadrok'; also in the expression fosi roçen 'to sail the seas, to go to sea'. Far from being colloquial, this is a survival of a much older and more widespread usage.
- yapondam ri vakayeni kopak 'it fell (to)under the box'-- contrast yapondam ri vakaye kopaki 'it fell to the bottom of the box'.
- minaye yale etengi 'Mina has a book' (most likely interpretation: with her at the moment-- she may or may not own it). minaye yale pando etengiç 'Mina has a lot of books' (either 'with her' or 'she owns many'-- similarly in case of definite etengini ~etengi yu); but minaye yale pando etengiç ri pilusni 'Mina has a lot of books in her bag' quite clearly refers only to temporary possession.
-- and in some cases to integral parts of inanimates: yuno ñakiye yale ro forici 'all cars have 2 headlights'; lacaye tayu yale ket ace 'this table has 6 legs'; punayeni yale nim atel 'his/the house has five rooms'. However, most speakers consider these cases odd, and prefer other phrasings, for example (1) topicalization (yuno ñaki, foricini ro lit., all cars, their headlights (are) two; laca tayu, aceni ket; (2) a ni-phrase (see §4.3), optionally topicalized, foricini yuno ñaki(,) ro; aceni laca tayu(,) ket; (3) a prepositional phrase, yale ro forici ri yuno ñaki lit., there are 2 headlights on all cars; or (4) (somewhat formal) a genitive, yale ket ace lacayi tayu, lit., there are 6 legs of this table. Generally, possession involving inaminates is best expressed with the ni-construction.
In fact, even the examples above relating to human possession may be phrased in these same ways, with the exception of (2), the ni-construction. There may be slight differences in their connotations, however; thus, "X(nom.,topic), yale Y-ni" is usually taken to mean "X has Y at the moment ~available for use", e.g. yale ñakini 'he has his/the car [with him]; mina, ta yale etengini 'Mina doesn't have her book', etc. This should be kept in mind especially when talking about money-- çenjiye/me yale toye can mean 'Shenji has/I have money' [i.e. we are rich]; it is better to say yale toyeni or yale toyemi 'he has money ~I have money' [at the moment, he/I will pay]. The Kash consider it gauche to discuss one's own, or others', financial status except with family, very close friends, or perhaps one's financial advisor.
3.4 Genitive case. The genitive case is used (1) to show possession, (2) as the object of prepositions indicating motion from, out of, away from, etc.; and as the "standard of comparison" in comparative sentences (3) as the direct object of certain verbs; (4) to indicate the "agent/cause" of caka-verbs; and (5) in colloquial speech, as a partitive.
3.4a.Possession by humans. This is the principal use of the genitive; It is also used in certain cases for non-human animates, but much less often in cases involving inanimate possessors-- the restrictions are similar to those governing use of the "dative of possession", §3.3d above. The genitive form follows the thing possessed (with a single exception: the question-word kariyi 'whose?' which normally is the first word of its sentence).
- nilusmi, nilusti etc., 'my hand, your hand'.
- ñaki mambreyini 'his/her brother's car'. Note that the 3rd person suffix -ni can be ambiguous-- "his, her, their", even "the"; if necessary, the ambiguity can be avoided by using a name, or the alternate forms iyani(tu) 'his (own)', iyeni(tu) 'her (own)', nili(tu) 'their (own)', or a demonstrative pronoun for "the"; thus, ...mambreyi iyeni 'of her brother'.
- riyena niç ini ~iyani 'where are his (things)?
- matimbat amayeni, ta mowa ine hati 'I know his father, but not yours [i.e., I don't know your father (subj+verb deleted)]'-- contrast matimbat amayeni, ta mowa ya hati 'I know his father, but yours doesn't [i.e., your father doesn't know his father (verb+object deleted)]; this would more likely occur with emphasis on "I" and/or "yours", mam timbat amayeni, ta mowa ya hati.
Note that edible animals and their parts undergo grammatical changes; first of all, animals as food are inanimate. Thus, at the slaughterhouse there are aceçni lopa(la) 'lopa legs'; with further processing, by the time it reaches the market or one's oven, it is ace lopa 'lopa leg, leg of lopa'.
In comparative sentences, alo + genitive expresses the "standard of comparison", that is, "than" in 'more...than X (alo X)', "of/in" in 'most...in the X (alo X)', and "as" in 'as...as X (alo X)'. The preposition may be deleted if 'X' is a noun, but not if it is a pronoun or indeclinable form-- see §6.2 for further discussion and examples.
Note also the question word riyeni '(from) where?', with genitive -i: riyeni iya? 'where is he from?'; riyeni irundata yawunduni? 'from where do they import their oil?'.
3.4f. Partitive. Mainly with reference to food items, some speakers use the genitive in a partitive sense: meloka ukuwi? '(do you) want some uku?'; pitani samosi 'it needs salt'; tambelo poreni 'I don't want (any) wine'. However, as these examples show, it is a very colloquial and informal usage, generally viewed as inappropriate outside one's intimate circle.
3.4g. English and other languages have many expressions with "of" either with a partitive or some other sense-- these usually have a different structure in Kash. For example, londo sawu 'full of water', mepu hece 'made of iron'; me yarungaya kracalni 'he informed/told me of the problem', lit., caused me to know the problem; mapori lirini 'I'm tired of it', lit., with respect to it.
Likewise, Kash does not distinguish "objective vs. subjective" genitive; sisa minayi 'love of Mina' does not mean *'(someone's) love of Mina'-- that would be e.g. sisa çenjiyi liri Minan 'Shenji's love of Mina'-- it means only "Mina's love (of someone)"; angamon minayi means only 'Mina's birth (Mina's being born)', not *Mina's (act of) giving birth'-- that would require rephrasing, perhaps mina rakop yarungamon 'Mina gave birth with difficulty'. In other words, Kash has only the subjective use.
Aside from its use as 3rd person possessive suffix, it has three other important and very frequent functions. (Far too frequent, in the opinion of many grammar-school teachers, who have coined the term nini-nini, cakanini to point up and criticize their students' overuse and/or misuse of -ni). Its use is somewhat colloquial, often idiomatic-- it is one of those aspects of the language (to evade the issue!) that is best acquired by experience.
4.2 As a nominalizer. Not unrelated is the use of -ni (or one of the other possessive suffixes) to nominalize verbs/adjectives. With respect to verbs, we mentioned this briefly in §3.1c.ii above-- viz., the transformation of sentences like mapila re [Sentence]; çenji yapila re [Sentence] 'I think that..., Shenji thinks that...' to pilami, [Sentence]; pilani çenji, [Sentence] with essentially the same meaning, except that topicalized pila+poss. is now technically a noun (as shown by the possessive suffix). Note that the actual nominalized form ambila refers more to the process or ability of thinking, and would not be appropriate here-- *ambila(-mi,-ni) [Sentence].
- tengeni yapita ro aro 'the washing [i.e., his/her/the act of washing (something)] took two hours' (note that the true nominal andenge refers to the things to be washed, the laundry). Also topicalized (colloq.) tengeni, pitani ro aro. We could view these as derived from yapita ro aro vara (ma-, ya-...)tenge 'it took two hours in-order-that (I, he...)wash (something)' ~more freely, 'it took (me, him...) two hours to do the washing'.
- sakundri ne yayukar yarakop 'swallowing is becoming difficult for him' (sakurale 'to swallow, swallowing' would be ultra-correct)-- there is no form atukar attested. Alternatively, less colloquial: yayukar yarakop re yasakur lit., it becomes it is difficult that he swallows.
The ni-forms of adjectives are also nominalizations, and may occur by themselves-- e.g. navani ri holundaye, nipola cili 'the distance to Holunda is 50 cili ("km")' (<nava 'far')-- this is colloquial, however, and synonymous andava(ni) could be used. (Note that these ni-forms, while nouns, are indeclinable, and their exact meaning with prepositions must depend on context: ri navani 'in the distance, at a distance' or 'into the distance'; alo navani 'from a/the distance'.) Or, kunironi niya katrayi 'his/her/the [subtly bi-colored (fur)] is very attractive'. More often, however, nouns and adjectives with -ni occur with a noun complement, in what we have been calling "the ni-phrase or construction".
- vitalni (~amitalni) çenji, mesa kik fanu li 'Shenji is 1.8 li tall, Shenji's height is 1.8 li'. Colloquial vitalni is used far more often than the nominal; even in official documents. Alternatively, the name may be topicalized: çenji, vitalni mesa kik fanu li. Note that while çenji yavital means 'Shenji is tall'-- there is no way to include the number in that sentence.
- fiyan vitalni... 'how tall is...?'; fiyan vitalti 'how tall are you?'; also possible fiyan yavital 'how tall is he ~are you?' etc.
and many similar uses, especially in colloquial speech.
ca- before initial /k/ and /h/ (which changes to /k/); and before bases of three or more syllables; also, variably, before initial /c/ and /ç/, and sometimes if there is a /k/, /c/ or /ç/ within the base-- these may depend on the speaker's feeling for euphony.
cak- before initial vowels and /r/.
caka- in all other cases.
These verbal derivatives have an essentially passive meaning; they describe actions or states that affect or characterize their subject, usually without any control on the subject's part-- "SUBJ. is overcome by..., afflicted with..., affected by..., obsessed with..., is...by nature" etc., and the experience is viewed as unexpected, unpleasant (broadly speaking) or culturally negative. Most often, the base is an adjective or intransitive verb; but transitive verbs, and even nouns, may occur. Since the base generally indicates the cause of the experience, there is no need to indicate an actual "agent/cause", but it is possible to do so with e.g. a noun in the genitive case, a prepositional phrase or sentence complement.
As has been mentioned above, the human subject of a caka-form is either in the dative case (see §3.3e above)-- if the state is viewed as inherent, chronic, serious or permanent-- or in the nominative (see §3.1e above)-- if it is only temporary, or less serious. Dative subjects are more common, and over time, have come to be used with some "temporary" conditions-- one might speculate that the "when in doubt, use the dative" rule has operated here; but the converse is true, too.
Non-human animate subjects may also be either dative or nominative, with the same conditioning, but there is a tendency in colloquial speech to use the nominative most of the time. Inanimate subjects are always in the nominative case. Nominative subjects may in all cases be indicated with a pronominal prefix in addition to the noun or pronoun subject.
Caka-forms do not generally use tense markers, nor do they generally occur with the modal auxiliaries. They may, however, be modified with adverbials like niya, kundak, kunak, uti etc. 'very, not very, perhaps, rather...'; and some may have a noun complement, e.g. cakonji toye means specifically 'swindled financially, swindled out of one's money'. They may sometimes be translated as nouns, e.g. cakambo 'acting superior, snobbish': yanda sambat cakambo! 'don't be so snobbish ~don't be such a snob!'.
The prefix is very productive; in addition to the well-established forms listed in the dictionary, whose meanings are familiar through long usage, forms are often created on the spur of the moment-- for example, from cika 'TV' one could form cakacika to describe someone who spends altogether too much time watching TV; or from fanu 'eight' perhaps cakafanu 'obsessed with the number eight'; or cakanini(-nini) 'to over-use/mis-use the ni suffix', mentioned above, coined by schoolteachers. Such nonce-forms may or may not find wider usage. Thus it can happen that the actual meaning of a caka-form sometimes seems quite far removed from the meaning of its base.
6.1a. In §1.2 above, we discussed the usage of adjectives as modifiers (attributes) of nouns; the correct word order is noun + adjective. Adjectives themselves may be further modified with qualifiers like niya, uti 'very, rather', most of which follow the adjective. And adjectives may be used nominally ("the...one") in combination with forms of the demonstrative pronouns, e.g. yu vanat 'the white one (inanim.)', taye vital 'this tall one (fem.)'; and nominalized with the -ni suffix or añ- prefix, e.g. nuroni, anduro 'depth'. In many cases, the añ-form may have acquired a specific meaning-- e.g. from vanat 'white' we find amanat 'whitewash; (modern usage) white paint'.
- çenji lavi yavital aloni (~alomi, [alo] ereki, alo yunoni) 'Shenji is taller than him (~me, Erek, than everyone/all of them)'-- without the alo phrase, çenji lavi yavital is colloquial for 'Shenji is taller [than someone, understood]' and also for çenji yale kaç/ya vital lavi 'Shenji is the taller one', e.g. when pointing out Shenji in a group of people.
- çenji lavi yasisa minaye aloti 'Shenji loves Mina more than [he loves] you' (emphatic ...alo hati) vs.
- lavi malisam poren pambara aloni troçe 'I like red wine more than white' vs.
- çenji yayama (picikni) lavi yahuluñ alomi 'Shenji ran (a little bit) faster than me'-- note that technically this should be ...alo re mam, but colloquial usage has prevailed in these constructions.
However, because re generally indicates a change of subject, çenji lavi yavital alo re yapila 'Shenji is taller than he thinks' will generally be taken to mean '...taller than he (someone else) thinks', though it could be misread as '...than he (Shenji) thinks'. Unambiguous would be: ...alo re (iya/iye/nila/amani etc.) yapila '...than he/she/they/his father thinks', as well as ...alo pilani amani (but not *pilani iyani etc.-- these pronoun forms do not co-occur with ni-forms).
- çenji (i) erek ikuwa ivital 'Shenji and Erek are the same height, are equally tall'.
It also possible to substitute ni-forms: ...yakuwa vitalni alo...; pilani çenji, pole yayama lavi (ya)huluñ alo...; vitalni çenji i erek, yakuwa etc.
and many others; see also §7 Adverbial modifiers.
6.3. Miscellaneous uses of the comparative.
6.3a.lavi, krat 'more, less', and less commonly omban, imik 'less, least' may be used by themselves as adjectival modifiers, and (usually with -ni) as nouns in their own right; e.g.
- lavini: 'more often, by and large, in a majority of cases' etc.
- kratni: 'mostly, most often, for the most part' etc.
7. Adverbial and sentential modifiers.
These include independent lexical items (usually classed as "hambiyaç" 'pieces', or particles); compounds, reduplications and derived forms; and prepositional phrases. They modifiy the verb (or in some cases the entire sentence) with respect to quality or quantity, time, location, or manner; some can function in more than one category.
7.2 Adverbs of time. Included here are a number of particles, and some derived forms; prepositional phrases also function as time-adverbs. In simple sentences, the particles and derivatives tend to occur pre-verbal; in more complex sentences their placement is freer, as is the placement of prepositional phrases in all cases.
- mesa-mesa 'one by one, singly', loro 'two by two, by twos' etc.
Prepositional phrases, of course, can also indicate time, as for instance, ri lusni pehan yu... 'at the end of that year...', riyanjuni açuprót 'during 10th Month'.
7.3 Adverbs of location. Mostly particles, a few derivatives, and prepositional phrases.
8.1 Prepositions. Bear in mind that ri and its compounds vary in meaning depending on the case of the following noun-- accusative for location, dative for movement.
These combine with location nouns (in the appropriate case form and usually with -ni) to form compound prepositions; the "object" of these prepositional expressions is in the nominative case.
- ri (dat.) ri (dat) (formal) 'from (noun) to (noun)' e.g. ri angeye ri angeye 'from tree to tree'; in less formal speech/writing, the second ri is omitted, and -ni added: ri angeye angeyeni 'from tree to tree'; the construction implies random movement. When the movement is from one specific place to another, or involves a specific distance, alo (+gen.)...ri (+dat.)... would be used: yanecu alo angeyi yu ri ine liyani 'it jumped from that tree to the/that other one'; alo punayimi ri (ine ~punaye) çenjiyi, navani kuna mesa cili 'from my house to Shenji's (house) is about 1 cili ("km.".)' (There are some colloquial usages, in which ri may be omitted altogether, such as (ri) mesani liyani 'from (the) one to the other ~from one to another' and (ri) kasini lusni 'from beginning to end').
8.2 Conjunctions and other sentence connectors.


Get the latest smartphone on My Plan Plus, with information you may pool and share, and limitless standard national speak and textual content to Australian numbers. Total Tophatter provides hundreds of thousands of products, great buyer protection, and plenty of alternatives without spending a dime delivery, making it a robust possibility for on-line buying. The proliferation of non-unique units at carriers has resulted in additional switching, model uncertainty and cross shopping. Cash by OptusTM: is issued by Heritage Financial institution Limited ABN 32 087 652 024 AFSL 240984 (Issuer). If cellular service is cancelled Yes TELEVISION by Fetch Mini service will even be cancelled. The only reason to purchase cell online being, simply on one platform, you get an easy accessibility of assorted sorts of cellphones. So the necessity for 'purchase buttons' is clearly identified and could double 'click by charges' for cellular devices. You can not use your cell data to look at content from the Yes TV by Fetch Mini.
A number of ecommerce operators have launched their very own applications and cellular commerce websites, which are particularly designed to boost customer experience on cellular units, says an article on the Impact of Cellular Units on Ecommerce , revealed by Cell Marketer. Mobile shopping-associated searches elevated 120% within the last year, a evaluate of Google information shows.1 With this development, retailers are discovering that cellular performs a vital function in driving buyers in-store.
On-line video has grown to grow to be an vital supply of data for people purchasing for mobile phones. Nevertheless, the examine also discovered that individuals would purchase objects that they had no intention to buy, had not deliberate on buying and even needed to purchase, only because of a good parasocial interplay." The same holds true for at the moment's cellular internet. The tv purchasing phenomenon is probably probably the most appropriate instance of merchants tapping into the impulse. A bunch of convenience shops and seven-Eleven Japan co. have arrange , offering online companies for music, journey, tickets, presents, and other goods to its 8,000 7-Eleven stores in Japan. With all the choices available to consumers today, it is no shock that eighty% of all mobile phone customers analysis online – in truth they use twice as many digital sources this year in comparison with last. Vendio and gNumber partnered to provide cellular eBay purposes and PayPal launched its pay-by-cellphone service.
Individuals available in the market to buy a cell phone have been 4X more prone to watch on-line videos about mobile phones than final yr. Thirty-4 percent of those that watch movies about cell phones spent 30+ minutes watching videos through the research process. Many websites like eBay listed under give attention to decreasing your promoting expenses (each listing fees and promoting charges).
It allows you to examine costs of on-line shops and then purchase from any bodily location. Additionally, one can try different cell phone costs and buy according to one's needs and funds. Youthful adults spend more money on mobile phones than another age group – 62% of 18-34 yr olds spend $100+ on phone purchases – making them a useful consumer section. He now sells across quite a lot of websites which has helped him department out and take away his dependence on eBay as a selling platform (and he could not be happier). Further, for the primary time this yr, cash spent on mobile search exceeds that spent on desktop search. On eBid, you can listing any basic auction at no cost, which means you are solely charged in case you make a profitable sale, one in every of its biggest advantages over competitor auction websites.


text:
Vehicles for capturing life
Bangalore Mirror Bureau | Jul 25, 2019, 06.00 AM IST
By Santanu Chakraborty
Encapsulated and compressed into a small space the likelihood of unlikely reactions happening goes through the roof
H ow did life begin? Thus it is something that thinkers have wondered about for ages. Some have decided to clearly define what they mean by the word 'life' so that the question can be tackled in a more systematic fashion. Humans, apes, cows, goats, dogs, cats, sparrows and caterpillars would be called life by most people without blinking an eye. But what about microscopic organisms? Bacteria and viruses? Let me propose the following working, if imperfect, definition of what constitutes life. A living organism is one that can produce physical copies of themselves using raw materials from the environment wherein the copies have the ability to similarly produce further copies of themselves. By these notions fungi, algae, bacteria and viruses are all living organisms for they replicate self-replicating copies of themselves. Now we could ask the following question. What is the simplest such organism?
The tiniest living organisms are all composed of single cells. A membranous covering encapsulates a host of molecules that function inside the cell to create the processes necessary for 'life'. Our question about the origin of life can then simplify to the origin of single celled organisms. The simplest organisms would have evolved first and then slowly given rise to more complex organisms. What then would have been necessary for the emergence of self-replicating single cells: molecule filled membranes. We would have needed two things. One is the emergence of a molecule that could not only replicate itself but also store the information necessary for making or manufacturing the entire cell; in other words a blueprint molecule.
Another is a molecule or molecules that could be used to form a three dimensional membrane that can encapsulate reacting molecules inside it as well as let certain molecules in and out.
Which one of these would have emerged first?
We do not know. But we can look at the problem systematically. Imagine that the earth was a sea of hot chemically active and mechanically violent oceans being bombarded by meteorites and asteroid fragments a few billion years ago. A hyperactive chemical environment coupled with plenty of foreign molecules being brought in from distant parts of the universe would provide opportunities for many new molecules to emerge just due to 'chance'. Continuing reactions over billions of years could eventually give rise to self contained self replicating structures. What advantages would the evolution of compartmentalization provide in such an environment? Imagine taking billions of miniscule droplets out of such a primordial sea and encapsulating each of them in an equal number of tiny membranous capsules. Just by accident a few capsules would contain all ingredients for a significant amount of cross reactions to happen leading to the emergence of new molecules. These molecules have not only been put in close proximity, when compared to the primordial sea where molecules are constantly drifting about but they also have been provided with a very important element that certain reactions need.
Time. Encapsulated and compressed into a small space the likelihood of unlikely reactions happening goes through the roof. Should the violent sea also be able to coalesce tiny compartments and then break them up after a long enough time, then we would have a system that was able to churn the ocean as well as give tiny compartments inside it time to react.
Repeat this process for a billion years and highly unlikely molecules could very well emerge. Information carrying molecules inside cells are nucleic acids. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are the information carrying molecules inside current forms of life. Each consists of four individual component molecules strung together in various combinations running in a long 'line'. A giant macromolecule if you will. If matter could store blueprints, it is only reasonable to assume that more matter – manifested here in a longer more patterned molecule – could store more information. Since complex molecular systems would need more information to be stored, it is only natural that self-replicating systems had to evolve long molecules – polymers – to store blueprint information.
Yet there is another area where the evolution of long chain molecules would have been very important. And that is the evolution of molecular systems to contain the first self replicating molecular systems and in fact to allow their evolution. Jia et al. demonstrate, in a recent article in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1902336116 ) that certain molecules called alpha-hydroxy acids which are co-produced with the precursors of protein molecules in primordial soup like environments can coalesce into membrane free micro-droplets that can encapsulate a variety of molecules including both nucleic acids and proteins. Such systems, now replicated in laboratories possibly billions of years after they first formed, would have allowed complex reactions to proceed. The authors demonstrate that such polymers not only coalesce into micro-droplets but can also seed the formation of lipid membranes – what present day cell membranes are made of – around these droplets. So there you have it, polymers and aggregation – both at the center of processes that were fundamental to the evolution of life.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Joseph A. Kiselewski (February 16, 1901– February 26, 1988) was a Polish-American sculptor.

Biography
Kiselewski was born to Polish immigrant farmers in Ward township just north of Browerville, Minnesota Polish was his first language and he was the fourth of nine children. Young Joseph attended a one room public country school, then a Polish school, and later graduated from the Minneapolis School of Art. A number of teachers and mentors, including Kiselewski's parish priest Fr. John Gudzeck, encouraged him to attend art school. Although his father discouraged him, Kiselewski moved to New York City, where he studied at the National Academy of Design and at the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design. From 1922 to 1926 he worked as an assistant to sculptor Lee Lawrie.

Kiselewski won the Parisian Beaux Arts competition in 1925; received the Prix de Rome in 1926-1929, established a studio in New York in 1929, and was elected an Associate of the National Academy of Design, New York City, in 1936, and an Academician in 1944. He received the J. Sanford Saltus Medal in 1970 for excellence in the art of medallic sculpture. He designed numerous medals including some for the US Air Force and the US Army (including those for good conduct) in his lifetime, in addition to the American Defense Service Medal.

Four sculptures by Kiselewski are in the public art collection of the Bronx, in New York City. They include his involvement, in 1932, with several other art deco era sculptors in the creation of Eight Statuary Groups, each 100" x 121" x 70", sculpted from Georgia pink marble, sited at the Bronx County Courthouse, 161st Street & Grand Concourse.  Kiselewski's three-feet high granite Frogs, are located at P.S. 18 and Patterson Houses, on Morris Avenue, between 145th and 146th Streets. His bronze bust of Sylvanus Thayer, 1966, is in the Hall of Fame for Great Americans, Bronx Community College/CUNY, on University Avenue and West 181st Street, as is his bronze bust of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., 1970.

For the Netherlands American Cemetery in Margraten Kiselwski designed "Peace" or the "Mourning Woman" of a mother remembering her son.
Kiselewski designed a statue of Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, which is located on the campus of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.

In 1977 and 1980, Kiselewski donated his papers, covering the period, 1923–1980, to the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Included in the papers were biographical material; award and teaching certificates; files on sculpture commissions containing contracts, correspondence, financial records, sketches, printed material, notes and photographs; approximately three hundred photographs of the sculptor, his studio, and his work; 2 pencil drawings; and other items.

George Gurney, a Washington, D.C. curator and art historian interviewed twenty-one sculptors in 1977-1978, one of which was Joseph Kiselewski, for an exhibition, "Sculpture and the Federal Triangle," held at the National Museum of American Art, October 26, 1979 through January 6, 1980. While Gurney conducted most of the interviews on tape, there is only a questionnaire answered by Kiselewski, which is part of the Gurney material, also on file in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

In 1980 Kiselewski retired to Browerville Minnesota, his birth place. He opened a studio and created several busts including one of his boyhood parish priest, Fr. Gudzek. Gudzek's bust, along with a collection of photographs, busts, and small sculptures are on display at the American Heritage Bank. Two of his large statuary sculptures are located in front of the Catholic church in Browerville.  On March 26, 1987, Minnesota Governor Rudy Perpich visited Browerville and declared the day officially "Joe Kiselewski Day".

See also
List of Saltus Award winners

References

External links

Minneapolis college of art and design
askart online art directory and auction listings
artprice online art biographies and auction listings
US military information site
Smithsonian American Art Museum
Army medal information
Time, sculpture at 1939 New York World's Fair
The sculptures of Joseph Kiselewski

1901 births
1988 deaths
American architectural sculptors
American male sculptors
Modern sculptors
People from Browerville, Minnesota
National Academy of Design alumni
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
Sculptors from Minnesota

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bean Dad' John Roderick apologizes for Twitter thread about daughter, racist tweets
John Roderick, a musician, podcaster and lead singer of the band The Long Winters, who was nicknamed "Bean Dad" after a Twitter thread about his daughter struggling to use a can opener went viral, apologized Tuesday on his website.
In the thread, Roderick said he let his daughter struggle for hours to open a can of beans without helping, only offering her vague hints as she tried to teach herself how to use an opener.
After his thread went viral, Roderick initially insulted critics who suggested he was being a bad parent.
But as the scrutiny intensified and as old racist and anti-Semitic tweets resurfaced, Roderick deactivated his Twitter account. He did so "in a panic," he wrote at the top of the apology.
"I had to reflect on what I'd done and the hurt I'd caused, and my mind was clouded by an unprecedented flow of new information," Roderick wrote. "I want to acknowledge and make amends for the injuries I caused. I have many things to atone for. My parenting story's insensitivity and the legacy of hurtful language in my past are both profound failures. I want to confront them directly."
In the thread, Roderick said he suggested that his 9-year-old daughter make baked beans after she asked for lunch. When she said she didn't know how to open the can, he implored her to figure it out herself rather than show her how to use the can opener. He called it a teachable moment.
But, to readers' dismay, Roderick went on to describe his daughter struggling with the opener for hours, despite being cranky and hungry. In the end, after six hours, he said his daughter finally opened the can.
"Bean Dad" trended on Twitter on Sunday — a day after the thread was posted — as people criticized Roderick for letting his daughter go hungry for hours and saying that all he had taught her was that she could not go to her father for answers.
"My story about my daughter and the can of beans was poorly told. I didn't share how much laughing we were doing, how we had a bowl of pistachios between us all day as we worked on the problem, or that we'd both had a full breakfast together a few hours before," Roderick wrote in his apology. "Her mother was in the room with us all day and alternately laughing at us and telling us to be quiet while she worked on her laptop."
Some likened the thread to abuse they'd experienced as children at the hands of their parents, while others still worried that Roderick could be setting his daughter up to have a difficult relationship with food.
"I was ignorant, insensitive to the message that my 'pedant dad' comedic persona was indistinguishable from how abusive dads act, talk and think," he wrote. "… I reread the story and saw clearly that I'd framed it so poorly, so insensitively. Bean Dad, full of braggadocio and dickhead swagger, was hurting people. I'd conjured an abusive parent that many people recognized from real life."
He said he wished that abusive parents didn't exist and that no one should be raised by a person who "tortured them physically or emotionally."
"I am deeply sorry for having precipitated more hurt in the world, for having prolonged or exacerbated it by fighting back and being flippant when confronted, and for taking my Twitter feed offline yesterday instead of facing the music," he wrote.
"As for the many racist, anti-Semitic, hurtful and slur-filled tweets from my early days on Twitter I can say only this: all of those tweets were intended to be ironic, sarcastic," Roderick wrote. He added that he thought being an ally to marginalized communities meant "taking the slurs of the oppressors and flipping them to mock racism, sexism, homophobia, and bigotry."
Roderick wrote that he was humiliated by "my incredibly insensitive use of the language of sexual assault in casual banter. It was a lazy and damaging ideology, that I continued to believe long past the point I should've known better that because I was a hipster intellectual from a diverse community it was ok for me to joke and deploy slurs in that context. It was not."
In the fallout from the thread, the podcast "My Brother, My Brother, and Me," announced it would no longer use Roderick's music as its theme, as it had done for nearly a decade. "Jeopardy!" star Ken Jennings, who hosts the podcast "Omnibus" with Roderick, was also pulled into the controversy when he tried to defend his co-host.
In response to a tweet asking about Roderick's anti-Semitic comments, Jennings tweeted: "If we're word-searching through old tweets now, it's pretty easy to find what he actually thinks about anti-Semitism. On our show he's always the pro-Israel one!"
Jennings also said he envied that Roderick's "Bean Dad" would become a dictionary entry and that he would not achieve the same stature.
"If this reassures anyone, I personally know John to be (a) a loving and attentive dad who (b) tells heightened-for-effect stories about his own irascibility on like ten podcasts a week. This site is so dumb," he tweeted.
Many responded to Jennings' tweets with disappointment, with one person calling it the "the worst response to this possible." That response racked up nearly 5,000 likes.
On social media, the reaction to Roderick's apology was mixed.
One person tweeted that it "gets really close to something i'd accept, but it's like stirring oil into water. 'i thought it was ok to pretend to be an a–hole because i never had to deal with the things i was making fun of' isn't really the personal growth moment he seems to think it is."
Another tweeted: "i promised i wouldn't tweet about bean dad anymore but 'i thought being an ally meant using slurs but in a cool way' is the funniest apology i've ever heard."
Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War's DMR is so overpowered it's making Warzone "unplayable", fans say


text:
It's time to drop the biggest movie premiers of the month. Catch them all on OSN Movies First, exclusively. In case you're new to the blog, let us take a second to give you the low-down on what it is we do here. Every month, all year round – OSN releases some amazing new blockbuster movies, and the first blog of the month is usually dedicated to these new releases and premieres. So, mark your calendars because we're about to take you on a journey of awe and wonder.
Watch the latest movies and blockbuster premieres only on OSN Movies First. Subscribe to OSN and unlock a world of entertainment like you've never seen before! An array of amazing movies, the latest TV series, gripping documentaries, and factual shows await you.
Right then, let's dive into all the epicness September has in store for you.
Friday, 4 September at 21:00 KSA on OSN Movies First
An American drama based on real life events – the story that broke the internet and news worldwide. This is the story of 3 ambitious, strong women who led top news networks in the United States of America and then dared to rise up to the man who made them famous.
Friday, 11 September at 21:00 KSA on OSN Movies First
Starring the enigmatic Chadwick Boseman (Rest in Power), 21 Bridges is a story about a cop who is hot on the heels of 2 cop-killers. To avoid letting them get away, the NYPD closes all 21 bridges of Manhattan. With no escape and no options, this manhunt intensifies by the minute.
These amazing teenage elf brothers set off on an amazing journey of magical, mystic, and new discoveries in the hopes of spending one more day with their late father. But their mom then finds out they're missing and teams up with a Manticore to bring her boys back.
The con is on! Destiny and Ramona claw their way to the top after the 2008 economic collapse cuts into their paycheck. They then form a team to come up with a daring scheme to make money off Wall Street clients, and take their livelihood back.
Thursday, 3 September at 21:00 KSA on OSN Movies First
With great power comes great responsibility. A woman with amazing supernatural abilities must save a girl who is possessed. It's an ordinary story about extraordinary people.
Thursday, 10 September at 21:00 KSA on OSN Movies First
Blood Vessel is a supernatural horror flick. The story revolves around a group of lifeboat survivors who board an "abandoned" German boat during the World War II for a chance at survival. Oh, as if that wasn't bad enough, this boat is infested with vampires.
An intense emotional quest of a suburban African-American family as they come together in the wake of a tragic loss, learning to love and to forgive.
All Creatures are Here Below
A young couple struggle to survive as they face abject poverty. When one of them loses their job and gambles away their last paycheck, it sets off a series of unfortunate events with colossal consequences. Where do you go when you can't find your way home?
Secret Society of Second Born Royals
Saturday, 26 September at 19:00 KSA on OSN Movies First
A rebel princess learns about her superpowers, and that she belongs to a secret society! But with all those powers, also come the responsibility to keep the kingdom safe.
Join us on OSN this Movember for double-bill features from some of the coolest leading men in Hollywood. Every Monday of the month, starting 20:00 KSA. Watch...


text:
package com.github.paradam.support.v4.infinitepager;

import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import com.github.paradam.infinitepager.InfinitePagerAdapter;

/**
 *
A FragmentPagerAdapter that will behave as if it has an infinite number of pages, or if the
 * number of pages are less than {@link com.github.paradam.infinitepager.InfinitePagerAdapter#MIN},
 * behave as a normal {@link android.support.v4.app.FragmentPagerAdapter FragmentPagerAdapter}

 *
 *
Applications targeting {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#DONUT} and above should use this
 * class, applications targeting only {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB_MR2 13} and
 * above using the native Android {@link android.app.Fragment Fragment} class should use instead
 * {@link com.github.paradam.infinitepager.InfiniteFragmentPagerAdapter}.

 *
 *
 Implementation of {@link com.github.paradam.infinitepager.InfinitePagerAdapter} based off the
 * {@link android.support.v4.app.FragmentPagerAdapter} that represents each page as a{@link android.support.v4.app.Fragment}
 * that is persistently kept in the fragment manager as long as the user can return to the page.

 *
 *
This version of the pager is best for use when there are a handful of typically more static
 * fragments to be paged through, such as a set of tabs. The fragment of each page the user visits
 * will be kept in memory, though its view hierarchy may be destroyed when not visible.  This can
 * result in using a significant amount of memory since fragment instances can hold on to an
 * arbitrary amount of state. For larger sets of pages, consider
 * {@link com.github.paradam.support.v4.infinitepager.InfiniteFragmentStatePagerAdapter}.

 *
 *
When using InfiniteFragmentPagerAdapter the host ViewPager must have a valid ID set.

 *
 *
Subclasses only need to implement {@link #getRelativeItem(int)} and {@link #getRelativeCount()}
 * to have a working adapter. Override {@link #getRelativeItemId(int)} if the fragments have the
 * possibility of changing positions within the ViewPager.

 *
 * @author Adam Parr
 */
public abstract class InfiniteFragmentPagerAdapter extends InfinitePagerAdapter {
    /**
     * Tag to show when logging.
     */
    private static final String TAG = "InfiniteFragmentPagerAdapter";

    /**
     * The current Fragment Transaction that is occurring, null if no there is
     * currently no transaction.
     */
    private FragmentTransaction mCurTransaction  = null;
    /**
     * Reference to the FragmentManager.
     */
    private FragmentManager     mFragmentManager = null;

    /**
     * The currently set visible Item.
     */
    private Fragment mCurrentPrimaryItem = null;

    /**
     * Constructor that accepts a FragmentManager.
     *
     * @param fm The FragmentManager.
     */
    public InfiniteFragmentPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
        mFragmentManager = fm;
    }

    /**
     *
Return a unique identifier for the item at the given position.

     *
     *
The default implementation returns the given position. Subclasses should override this
     * method if the positions of items can change.

     *
     * @param position Position within this adapter
     * @return Unique identifier for the item at position
     */
    public long getRelativeItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    /**
     * Get the Fragment at the position provided.
     *
     * @param position The Fragment at this position in the PageView to get.
     * @return The Fragment at this location.
     */
    public abstract Fragment getRelativeItem(int position);

    @Override
    public Object instantiateRelativeItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
        if (mCurTransaction == null) {
            mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        }

        final long itemId = getRelativeItemId(position);

        // Do we already have this fragment?
        String name = makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId);
        Fragment fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(name);
        if (fragment != null) {
            mCurTransaction.attach(fragment);
        } else {
            fragment = getRelativeItem(position);
            mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), fragment, makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId));
        }
        if (fragment != mCurrentPrimaryItem) {
            fragment.setMenuVisibility(false);
            fragment.setUserVisibleHint(false);
        }

        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroyRelativeItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {
        if (mCurTransaction == null) {
            mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        }

        mCurTransaction.detach((Fragment) object);
    }

    @Override
    public void setRelativePrimaryItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {
        if (mCurrentPrimaryItem != null) {
            mCurrentPrimaryItem.setMenuVisibility(false);
            mCurrentPrimaryItem.setUserVisibleHint(false);
        }

        Fragment fragment = (Fragment) object;
        if (fragment != null) {
            fragment.setMenuVisibility(true);
            fragment.setUserVisibleHint(true);
        }
        mCurrentPrimaryItem = fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void finishUpdate(ViewGroup container) {
        if (mCurTransaction != null) {
            try {
                mCurTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
                mCurTransaction = null;
                mFragmentManager.executePendingTransactions();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Parcelable saveState() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void restoreState(Parcelable state, ClassLoader loader) {
    }

    /**
     *
Return a unique identifier for the item at the given position.

     *
     *
{@link #getRelativeItemId(int)} should be used instead to get the Appropriate item id from
     * the item in the implementing classes list.

     *
     * @param position Position within this adapter
     * @return Unique identifier for the item at position
     */
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return getRelativeItemId(getRelativePosition(position));
    }

    /**
     * Get the Fragment at the position provided.
     *
     * @param position The Fragment at this position in the PageView to get.
     * @return The Fragment at this location.
     * @see #getRelativeItem(int)
     */
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
        return getRelativeItem(getRelativePosition(position));
    }

    @Override
    public void setPrimaryItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {
        if (object != null && mCurrentPrimaryItem != null && mCurrentPrimaryItem.equals(object)) {
            // We are already on the correct page.
            return;
        }

        super.setPrimaryItem(container, position, object);
    }

    @Override
    public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
        final int margin = getMargin();
        if (position < margin - 1 || position > getCount() + margin) {
            return null;
        }

        return super.instantiateItem(container, position);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isViewFromObject(View view, Object object) {
        return object != null && ((Fragment) object).getView() == view;
    }

    /**
     * Create a unique name for the fragment so that it can be retrieved later.
     *
     * @param viewId The id of the ViewContainer that is considered to be the Fragments parent.
     * @param id     The id of the child Fragment.
     * @return A unique name for the Fragment.
     */
    private static String makeFragmentName(int viewId, long id) {
        return TAG + ":switcher:" + viewId + ":" + id;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


IBM offers IBM Z education and training for IT professionals, business partners and students. Our learning formats include classroom courses, technical conferences and online sessions.
More job growth and higher starting salaries.


text:
Morehouse
RON THOMAS
Our Faculty > Ron Thomas
Director, Journalism and Sports Program
"For my entire life, I've had a natural affinity for sports and writing; that's why I say I was born to be a sports journalist."
Ron Thomas became the original director of Morehouse College's Journalism and Sports Program in 2007 and is an associate professor in the English Department. He administers one of the few journalism programs in the nation with a sports emphasis, teaches Basic News Writing and Sports Reporting, and advises the Maroon Tiger student news organization. Before coming to Morehouse, for 34 years he covered major college and professional sports mainly in the Bay Area and at USA Today, where he was its first pro basketball reporter. His beats included the NBA, the San Francisco 49ers and Giants, and periodically professional tennis. Read his past work and his blog "My Take" at www.ronthomas.news. Inspired by the writings of Dr. Harry Edwards and Sports Illustrated's Jack Olsen in the 1960s, Thomas has specialized in writing about the racial dynamics of sports. His book "They Cleared the Lane: the NBA's Black Pioneers" is the first one written about the integration of the NBA in 1950 after black players were secretly banned from the league. His 1994 book chapter, "Blacks Still Rare in the Press Box," chronicled the relative lack of black sports reporters, a problem that persists today. In 2017, Thomas received the Morehouse College Professor of the Year Award and the Legacy Award given by the National Association of Black Journalists. Thomas received his B.A. in Political Science from the University of Rochester and his master's degree in Journalism from Northwestern.
Office Location & Hours
Brawley 103R
Monday, Wednesday
12-2 p.m.
Ron.Thomas@morehouse.edu
https://www.ronthomas.news
Bachelor's, Political Science
Master's, Journalism
Free-lance writer/Copy editor
Black America Web
Wrote articles about San Francisco District Attorney Kamala Harris, Boalt Hall School of Law Dean Christopher Edley, and various sports topics.
Sports reporter/Columnist
San Francisco Examiner
Wrote columns and articles about professional and college sports.
NBA reporter/Editor
Created pro basketball beat for new national newspaper, designed NBA coverage plan for the sports section.
Covered pro basketball and football, college sports.
The history of black sports figures, Their trials and triumphs
Basic News Writing
Sports Reporting
They Cleared the Lane: the NBA's Black Pioneers
They Cleared the Lane: the NBA's Black Pioneers/University of Nebraska Press
Ron Thomas (2002)
"Black Faces Still Rare in the Press Box" book chapter
"Sport in Society: Equal Opportunity or Business as Usual?"/Sage Publications
Richard E. Lapchick (1996)
National Association of Black Journalists
Co-host, Sports Task Force Pioneer Awards | 2001-2020
William Monroe Trotter Group
Member |
Legacy Award from National Association of Black Journalists (2017); Excellence in Sports Journalism Lifetime Achievement Award given by Northeastern University's Center for the Study of Sport and its School of Journalism (2011); Won NABJ award for best sports column at newspapers with circulations under 150000. Column entitled "Why So Few?" examined lack of black NFL head coaches. (1999)
@Ron_Thomas32
830 Westview Dr SW
© 2022 Morehouse College
Robert W. Woodruff Library
MLK Jr. International Chapel
Human Rights Film Festival
Brand Guidelines & Logos
Inside Morehouse
Faculty Blog
Maroon Tiger
Facebook-f Instagram Twitter Youtube Podcast Linkedin


To extract meaningful information from the recorded contents for their business.
AVQ-M is a software platform that allows clients to measure the quality of the Voice Records by accurately sorting them from non-usable to high quality records.
Increase surveillance efficiency by continuously improving the quality of the voice records.
Voice quality monitoring to identify technical infrastructure issues and to conduct a precise root cause analysis.
Investigation/surveillance as part of a process to extract, access and review voice recordings. These are driven by internal policies, best practices and capital market regulations.
The quality assessment of the voice records is a 3-step process.


SAN DIEGO (NNS) -- Outfitted in dress blue uniforms, over 1,000 members of Naval Special Warfare gathered to honor their fallen brethren on a somber June morning. Standing shoulder to shoulder on the infamous BUD/s grinder, these hardened warriors stood resolute and paid respect to their fallen friend and teammate.
Special Warfare Operator (SEAL) Petty Officer 1st Class Remington Peters died Sunday May 28th in a parachute demonstration accident at Liberty State Park in New Jersey in support of Fleet Week New York 2017. Peters, a native of Colorado, enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 2008 and was a veteran of two combat deployments to both Iraq and Afghanistan. His personal awards included the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal, Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal, Combat Action Ribbon, among many others.
"To stand out in this community of elite warriors like Remi did takes not only an unprecedented operational competency, but more importantly an unrivaled character", said Captain Jay Hennessey, Commanding Officer of Naval Special Warfare Center. "To be selected as a member of our Parachute Team is not only a coveted professional accomplishment, but a hard and fast measure of Petty Officer Peters' personal devotion to his profession."
Peters is survived by his mother, Tina, father, Tom, sister Cayce, and his significant long-term girlfriend of three years, Rebecca.
Any further media inquiries should be directed to Lt. Zachary Keating at 619-537-3184 or zachary.keating@socom.mil.


> the next evolution with the Legendary Map Pack.
> multiplayer maps, as well as a bevy of new Forge options.
> Avalanche and Blackout revive two fan-favorite maps from previous "Halo"
> also marks the arrival of the Hornet to "Halo 3" multiplayer.
> twenty-four while also increasing the total file storage size to 250MB.
> screenshots and game-types than ever before.
> www.xbox.com/legendaryplaywin for more details.
> download it for free on Xbox LIVE Marketplace.


Is Blackpool the most air polluted town in Lancashire?
A recent study found the resort had more people living in areas with unsafe air pollution levels than anywhere else in the North West.
But Blackpool Council has questioned the figures, which are based on the location of GP surgeries that residents are registered with, saying levels have been lower than the World Health Organisation's guidelines "for some time".
The new report – published by UK100, a local government network that supports clean energy, ahead of a Clean Air Summit in London this week – said some 113,228 Blackpool patients receive medical treatment in places that exceed safe air pollution levels.
The study was based on PM2.5 levels – the amount of tiny but harmful particles found in the air.
Just 60,807 patients attend practices where those "fine particulate matter" levels are considered acceptable, the study found.
It means 65 per cent of Blackpool patients are breathing in harmful particles so small they can only be detected with an electron microscope every time they visit their GP.
In Lancashire, only Burnley scored a higher percentage, with 67,253 out of 98,692 people (68.1 per cent) attending surgeries where PM2.5 levels exceeding those recommended by WHO.
But Coun Amy Cross (pictured left), Blackpool Council cabinet member for health, said: "We need to further understand the report that has just come out and how these figures have been reached as Blackpool's levels have been lower than WHO set guidelines for some time.
"Blackpool has only got one air quality management area which is located around Central Blackpool and there is an action plan to improve the air quality there.
"Blackpool is working towards a detailed Green and Blue infrastructure strategy as the health and well-being of residents is a high priority.
Council that find areas are not meeting air quality standards are required to designate air quality management areas and set out a plan to tackle the problem.
Blackpool and Wyre have one each. There are none in Fylde.
According to the new report, in Wyre, 11,876 patients out of a total of 105,626 (11.2 per cent) attended GP surgeries where PM2.5 levels were too high.
In Fylde, it said, all 72,463 registered patients attended practices where PM2.5 levels were acceptable.
A Wyre Council spokesman said: "Wyre Council monitors air quality in its borough reporting the results every 12 months.
"The largest source of air pollution within the borough is traffic pollution, therefore the council monitors nitrogen dioxide levels, which is a pollutant of vehicle combustion engines as is PM2.5 particles.
"The nitrogen dioxide levels in Wyre for the last few years are all below the European Union trigger levels for action.
Lancaster is the third worst offender in Lancashire when it comes to the number of people exposed to air pollution, the UK100 figures show.
Some 60,872 out of 157,240 patients reportedly attend GPs in polluted areas.
Chorley ranked fourth on the list, with 44,592 out of 112,291 people attending practices where air pollution was above the level accepted by WHO.
Wyre was fifth and Hyndburn was sixth.
No other area in Lancashire had any patients reported to be attending GP surgeries in overly polluted areas according to the study.
Air pollution is one of the biggest killers in the UK, with more people dying from air pollution than diabetes and road deaths combined, the study said.
According to figures published by King's College London on behalf of the Government, every year 36,000 people die prematurely from air pollution.
In England today, around 17.9 million NHS patients are registered at a GP practice that exceeds the WHO limit for air pollution.
Dr Penny Woods, chief executive of the British Lung Foundation, said: "It's just not acceptable that nearly 18 million people are breathing unsafe levels of air pollution when seeking medical care from their GP.


text:
Q: Trying to merge 2 tables together to look like 1 I have a table that I broke out to two tables because I need to have the scrolling functionality only span the top table.  The bottom table is a textarea box.  What I need to do is make the bottom table blend right into the top table to looks as if its all 1 table while maintaining 2 tables. Maybe by modifying the borders?
<form id="commentForm" name="commentForm" action="" method="post">
<ctl:vertScroll height="300" headerStyleClass="data_table_scroll" bodyStyleClass="data_table_scroll" enabled="${user.scrollTables}">
<ctl:sortableTblHdrSetup topTotal="false" href="show.whatif_edit_entry?entryId=${entry.entryId}"/>

    User
    Date
    Comments

    <c:forEach var="comments" items="${entry.comments}">

        <c:choose>
            <c:when test="${comments.auditable != null}">

            ${comments.auditable.createdBy.lastName},   ${comments.auditable.createdBy.firstName}

          <td title="<fmt:formatDate value="${comments.auditable.createdDate}" pattern="${date_time_pattern}" />"><fmt:formatDate value="${comments.auditable.createdDate}" pattern="${date_time_pattern}" />

          </c:when>
        <c:otherwise>
         ${lastName}, ${firstName}
         ${comments.date}
    </c:otherwise>
    </c:choose>

${comments.comment}

    </c:forEach>

    </ctl:vertScroll>

    <c:if test="${lock.locked || form.entryId < 0 }">

    <%-- This is the row for adding a new comment. --%>

        You have ${const['COMMENT_MAX_LENGTH'] - fn:length(commentForm.comment)} characters left.

            <textarea id="comment"   name="comment" rows="2" cols="125" style="width:400px;"

                onfocus="characterCounter('commentsCounter',${const['COMMENT_MAX_LENGTH']}, this)"
                 onkeydown="characterCounter('commentsCounter',${const['COMMENT_MAX_LENGTH']}, this)"
                 onkeyup="characterCounter('commentsCounter',${const['COMMENT_MAX_LENGTH']}, this)" ></textarea>

    </c:if>

A: Try rethinking your markup. This would be much more suited:

        User
        Date
        Comments

     ...

           <textarea>...</textarea>

A: Since your code has some weird stuff in it <c:forEach var="comments" items="${entry.comments}">, I'm not gonna mess with it. But I will give the the answer in a nutshell. Disclaimer: This is how, I would do this, but probably there are better ways of doing things. Also, I'm using dotted borders for the demo.
(1) Get the width's under control
Lets make a global wrapper with set width.

    miley rocks!

(2) Lets make an example table
We are now making an example table with some random list. Also lets width: 100%; to the table, so it will match the global wrapper's width.

        Name
        Hotness level

        Miley
        10

        Selena
        9

        You
        -3

(3) Now the second table
Lets add the form table or aka. the second table..

            <textarea name="my_textarea"></textarea>

Or why use
?

    <textarea name="my_textarea"></textarea>

(4) And now everything together
All tables and containers together. This should result two containers with the same width.

            Name
            Hotness leve

            Miley
            10

            Selena
            9

            You
            -3

        <textarea name="my_textarea"></textarea>

Not sure how much this helps. But this is the general idea for that type of problem :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Treaty Rock Park | Post Falls On The Go!
Treaty Rock Park is the site of the legendary treaty between Chief Seltice of the Coeur d' Alene tribe and Fredrick Post, the town's founder, which is scribed into a rock. Although being in close proximity to I-90, this 3.8 acre park contains beautiful natural areas with gravel paths, native vegetation, and interesting rock outcroppings. A trail loops through the park, down a rock gorge and passes treaty rock on the way back to the parking lot.


The question is being raised all over Silicon Valley — and increasingly around the world — if biotechnology is essentially a branch of information technology. 3D printing is one of those technologies that tests the boundaries between the digital and the physical worlds. Consider the images above you. On the upper left, an algorithm. On the upper right, something alive. Yet eerily similar.
Images of ferns and leaves? Well, no. None of these are real. They're just a bunch of 0s and 1s. Where does math end, exactly, and life begin?
Investors, theorists, entrepreneurs are forming a thesis that profound improvements in the physical world are going to come because of radical improvement in the flow, handling and interpretation of information. And the branch of synthetic biology known as computational design is the bleeding edge of that.
"We have only started to scratch the surface of what synthetic biology can deliver," Arzeda CEO Alexandre Zanghellini told The Digest.
We call this new field Digital Biology. There's nothing synthetic about it — this is about real, living, things with extraordinary precision of design, entirely grounded in computation and the digital revolution.
Already, advanced protein design technology can deliver revolutionary new production pathways for a wide range of valuable chemicals and materials, including many that have previously been impossible to produce.
And you thought that IKEA designers were clever because they revolutionize what you can make of a 600 square foot living space.
Now along comes a string of Digital Biology companies whose designers are using automated CAD design platforms — originally developed to assist in the design of rooms and buildings — to revolutionize the design of proteins and metabolic pathways.
"The list of markets that will be touched by these innovations is long, from agriculture and advanced materials, to specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals," Zanghellini added.
Another wave of progress is imminent on that front as several of these companies have been raising gobs of cash.
The latest and perhaps most interesting of these? Zanghellini's company, Seattle-based Arzeda. Last month, Digest and Nuu readers voted the company #6 in the 40 Hottest Emerging Companies in the Advanced Bioeconomy. Not least because of recent hook-ups like the TeselaGen deal.
Apparently, venture investors agree. Arzeda closed its Series A funding round with an oversubscribed total investment of $15.2 million. News of the initial $12 million first close arrived in July — but Universal Materials Incubator Co., Ltd. (UMI) and Casdin Capital, LLC joined with another $3.2 million. They join OS Fund and Bioeconomy Capital, Sustainable Conversion Ventures, and Arzeda's seed investor, WRF Capital as series A investors and Co-Founder and General Partner at OS Fund, Jeff Klunzinger, has joined the Arzeda board.
It's impressive. The company has already developed proteins for global manufacturers, such as DowDuPont, Mitsubishi Chemical, INVISTA and others to improve crop yield and resilience, increase the performance and sustainability of advanced polymers, reduce the cost of producing high-value food ingredients, and more.
Arzeda has two special pieces. Its Archytas industrial protein design software and Scylax computational pathway design tool.
The software platform and design tool are used to identify and design new enzymatic pathways capable of producing molecules that are impossible to synthesize via conventional chemistry. These pathway designs are implemented and tested by Zymergen's high-throughput strain development and testing platform.
The Series A funding will expand the throughput capacity of Arzeda's proprietary protein design platform and product development pipeline, with a focus on delivering novel proteins and biological pathways that are ready for commercial production.
We covered Arzeda here: Engage the hyper-drive: Synbio's fastest are going faster, bigger as Kytopen, Ginkgo, Twist Biosciences, Arzeda, TeselaGen feel the need for speed.
As reported in the Digest in November 2016, Arzeda reached a major technical milestone with Amyris as a part of a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Technology Investment Agreement. Arzeda's high-throughput, automated pipeline for protein engineering and pathway discovery was validated by the production of two keystone molecules which was further optimized by Amyris.
These two molecules are industrially important as dyes, food ingredients and pharmaceutical intermediates, but their current manufacture involves the use of highly toxic and carcinogenic substances such as cyanide and benzene, which presents occupational health hazards, is energy-intensive and leads to environmental damage through the discharge of toxic effluents.
Under this DARPA-funded TIA, led by Amyris, Arzeda has been developing a high-throughput automated pipeline for the computational design of novel enzymes and pathways for the production of novel molecules in a variety of fermentation hosts.
As we reported in March 2016, Zymergen and Arzeda signed a multi-year agreement to develop strains and processes to manufacture novel, high utility molecules and materials utilizing Arzeda's pathway and enzyme design and Zymergen's strain construction capabilities.
Where does math end, and life begin?
More about all those 0s, 1s and life itself, here in The Yottabyte, Hyperspeed Economy, and you.


text:
Cam Norrie hands tearful youngster his towel in heartwarming gesture after he was hit by stray ball
By admin	 On Jul 7, 2021 58 0
Cameron Norrie hands a tearful youngster his towel in heartwarming gesture after he was hit by a stray ball during the British No 2's four-set loss against Roger FedererFederer, 39, has had little court time in recent months but won 6-4, 6-4, 5-7, 6-4 Result means there is no British representation in second week of men's singlesThe boy was crying after being struck by a stray ball in the last-32 clash at SW19
By Max Mathews For Mailonline
Published: 14:24 EDT, 3 July 2021 | Updated: 14:24 EDT, 3 July 2021
Cameron Norrie offered a tearful young tennis fan his towel in a heartwarming gesture during his four-set loss against Roger Federer at Wimbledon.
Norrie was the last remaining Brit in the men's singles but eventually lost 6-4, 6-4, 5-7, 6-4 against the legendary Swiss.
Federer, 39, has not had much time on court across the last few months but dug deep to see off a resilient Norrie.
Cameron Norrie offered a tearful youngster his towel during his loss against Roger Federer
The youngster was crying after being hit by a stray ball before British No 2 Norrie intervened
The Wimbledon crowd applauded South Africa-born Norrie for his kind, empathetic gesture
The youngster was crying after being hit by a stray ball, before South Africa-born Norrie noticed the stricken boy.
Norrie, Britain's No 2, ran over to the stands and threw his orange towel to the child's mother, who promptly handed it to her son.
The boy was stunned by the generous gesture, and he received an ovation from the crowd in appreciation of his kindness.
The legendary Swiss, 39, beat the British No 2 in four sets 6-4, 6-4, 5-7, 6-4 to reach the last 16
Federer's win means he will face 23rd seed, Italian Lorenzo Sonego in the last 16 next at SW19
The result means there will be no British representation in the second week of the men's singles at SW19.
Next up Federer will play Italian Lorenzo Sonego in the last 16, the 23rd seed who beat James Duckworth in straight sets to progress.
He said: 'Super relieved. It was a tough battle and it was so close. He deserved that third set, he played excellent today. I was able to keep a high level of play and he got that good break at the end of the third – but I can be very happy with how I played.'
Euro 2020: Belgium star Thorgan Hazard has finally jumped out of his brother Eden's shadow
This British and Irish Lions tour isn't taking place in normal circumstances but the show must go on
Novak Djokovic's coach says Serbian will end 'GOAT' debate by…
BORIS BECKER: I think we've seen the last of Roger Federer on Centre Court
MIKE DICKSON'S WIMBLEDON MEMORIES: Emma Raducanu's chances were hurt by…
Briton Neal Skupski wins his first Grand Slam against compatriots Harriet Dart and…


A study published in "Computers in Human Behavior" found that this trait was a better predictor than self-esteem alone.
I just want to make paper clips and see the numbers get bigger.
Is this going to be a "War on Drugs" disaster or a collaborative effort to end the epidemic?
Vancouver took a harm reduction strategy early on, but there's still more work to be done, according to Mayor Gregor Robertson.


View a listing of all TAPPI events.
Gain an understanding of the fundamentals of corona and plasma treatment, and what treatment system adjustments can be made to improve surface treatment and adhesion outcomes. Combining formal classroom training and hands-on experience, attendees will learn how to apply the latest surface treatment technologies to improve adhesion and product performance.
Learn about the potential of additives in papermaking - where they are introduced in the process, potential interactions, and the relationship between additives and enhanced performance.
The Alliance for Pulp and Paper Technology Innovation (APPTI) is partnering with the USDA Forest Service and the National Nanotechnology Coordinating Office (NNCO) to offer a nanocellulose workshop on May 7-8, 2019, in Washington, DC. The workshop will review progress in closing critical research gaps, to identify specific research projects, to address remaining technology needs, and to begin forming interdisciplinary teams to execute them.
Learn coating and lamination fundamentals and apply your knowledge in operations and quality control.
Learn papermaking basics and operate the a Fourdrinier pilot paper machine guided by University of Wisconsin experts!
This unique introduction workshop will provide attendees an overall view of the basic concepts in pulp and paper manufacturing. Attendees will increase their understanding by participating in hands-on laboratory exercises.
This introductory-level workshop is appropriate for technical and non-technical individuals with a desire for training with a laboratory focused course to understand and appreciate the basics of pulping, bleaching, recovery, recycling, papermaking and converting operations.
The Hands-On Workshop for Hygiene Tissue Basics will provide a broad overview of concepts and unit operations involved in the manufacturing of hygiene tissue: Fiber for Tissue, Pulping, Bleaching, Refining, Recycling, Tissue Making and Converting.
This workshop has been carefully designed for individuals without formal training in tissue manufacturing or new to the industry. This is an excellent opportunity to understand basic concepts, unit operations involved in tissue manufacturing, combining theory and practice.
Sharpen your financial skills... and a pencil for this workshop to learn important business tools!


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Q: "Version string portion was too short or too long" when opening Visual Studio project in Xamarin Studio I try to open solution from VS 2012 in Xamarin Studio Community but one of projects - asp.net mvc project - gives "Version string portion was too short or too long"
.net version is ok I think.
I tried to create simple asp.net mvc project in VS and then open it in XS and everything went fine. So I don't know what is wrong in this case.
I found a solution that deleting the lines
VisualStudioVersion = {0}
MinimumVisualStudioVersion = {0}
works with that, but not in my case.

A: In my case the problem was this entry in the .csproj file:
    <Reference Include="System.Web.Http, Version=__MvcPagesVersion__,
    Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35,
    processorArchitecture=MSIL"><HintPath>..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core.5.2.3\lib\net45\System.Web.Http.dll</HintPath>
     </Reference>

After replacing "MvcPagesVersion" for "5.2.3.0" it worked just fine.


In market research, one of the first questions in a screener generally asks about individuals' race or ethnicity. Typically the respondent can choose from 4 or 5 groups: White/Caucasian; African American; Hispanic/Latino; Asian; Native American, and then sometimes the catch all 'other' group. While this is valuable in some respects, classifying individuals into 4 or 5 broad categories can undermine the complexity of self-identification. While other screener questions revolving around income and geography can help put the pieces together, are we missing the boat by categorizing and classifying narrowly by race? Are there better ways to get an idea of identity?
When I taught Introduction to Anthropology, one of my most enjoyable lectures and critical thinking exercises was on the topic of race and ethnicity. It has become familiar to think of these terms as synonymous, but what happens when we dig deeper?
Race is a term with biological origins meaning a sub-species. We believe skin color dictates our race, but that is only because our culture gives meaning to that specific trait. In Jared Diamond's article, Race without Color, (http://discovermagazine.com/1994/nov/racewithoutcolor444#.UYBcjMq8GSo), he maintains that if we group humans by other traits such as fingerprints that most Europeans and Africans would be together in one race, Jews and some Indonesians in another, and so on. Race as a biological concept just does not apply to humans. An everyday example of race would be breeds of dogs, where humans artificially create isolation through selective breading. Humans as a species on the other hand, have never had significant geographic or artificial isolation to develop a genetically distinct cluster of traits that define a sub-species. In fact, there is greater genetic diversity within 'races' than between them. (http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/racepp.htm).
So if ethnicity defines a person's beliefs, moving away from race and towards ethnicity should allow us to focus on the perceptions common amongst this group. Ethnicity is much more complex than skin color and this complexity incorporates factors ranging from religion, income, geography, and so on. All of these (and others) are variables that contribute to one's self-identity. While it's not always practical to group by ethnicities given sample sizes and the complexity of the term, as researchers when we do have the ability to get a more accurate, holistic picture by offering more options or letting individuals self-describe, we should think about doing so.