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The in-between world...
The in-between world of knowledge brokering
BMJ 2007; 334 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39038.593380.AE (Published 18 January 2007) Cite this as: BMJ 2007;334:129
Jonathan Lomas, chief executive officer
1Canadian Health Services Research Foundation
jonathan.lomas{at}chsrf.ca
Accepted 9 November 2006
"The mere knowledge of a fact is pale; but when you come to realize a fact, it takes on color. It is all the difference of hearing of a man being stabbed to the heart, and seeing it done."
Mark Twain, A Connecticut Yankee, 1889
The ultimate aim of people engaged in health research is to get the health service's workforce, its employers, and its suppliers to have knowledge of facts (as represented by research results) and to use these facts in their practices, policies, and products. How well organised is research to achieve this aim? And how receptive and oriented are health services to this aim? The answers seem to be "not well organised" and "not very receptive." The interpersonal connections needed to bridge this know-do gap are not yet in place.1 An emerging role therefore exists for knowledge brokers, supported by knowledge brokering resources and agencies, to fill the gap.
Disconnection between research and health services worlds
The old adage "form follows function" is poorly reflected in the production and use of health research. The research world favours grant acquisition and academic publication over knowledge synthesis and engagement with the health service.2 Researcher to researcher communication about the next study ("more research is needed") is well organised and all too common;3 4 researcher to practitioner dialogue about implementing findings ("actionable messages") is poorly organised and all too rare.5
Structures and incentives in the health system do not fare much better. The governance, organisation, and delivery of services reward consensus more than use of research; coordination with stakeholders generally trumps collaboration with researchers; and strategic positioning triumphs over decision making informed by research.6 Indeed, research is often seen as the opposite of action, not the antidote for ignorance.
Exceptions to these generalisations exist—the rise of research based guidance organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom, the development of data driven practice organisations such as the Veterans Administration Health System in the United States, or the creation of centralised knowledge transfer and brokerage for the Scottish Executive's health department.7 But the general picture is one of poorly connected worlds lacking knowledge of (and often respect for) each other. The inner workings, implicit rules, cultures, and realities that dominate the day to day lives of people working in the health system and those doing research on that system remain, for the most part, mysteries to people on the other side.
Research and decision making as processes, not products and events
Fundamental to this disconnection is a misapprehension by each side of what the other is doing. Researchers tend to see decision making as an event—they deliver their edicts to the impenetrable cardinals' retreat and await the puff of smoke that signals "decision," while grumbling about irrationality within the conclave. Decision makers—the patients, the care providers, the managers, and the policy makers—tend to see research as a product they can purchase from the local knowledge store, but too often it is the wrong size, needs some assembly, is on back order, and comes from last year's fashion line.
Neither side seems to recognise that the other is managing a complex process rather than presiding over an event or manufacturing a product. In the case of decision making, multiple interacting processes are used to build consensus around a course of action. In the case of research, accumulating sequential processes reveal the "facts of the matter" through often haphazard cycles of discovery and validation.6 When these are disconnected processes, the facts tend to play second fiddle to the values that underpin consensus. If they can be connected, however, the facts can actually help to create the consensus.8 Hence one path to more research informed decision making is to focus on better linkage and exchange between the processes that create the facts (research) and the ones that incorporate the values (decision making) (box 1).9
Box 1: In the nirvana that is a research based health service. . .
Universities would reward
Inclusion of decision makers in research processes
Creation of centres that connect researchers directly with health service clinicians, managers, and policy makers
Synthesis of interdisciplinary bodies of knowledge into key actionable messages relevant to pressing service questions
Dissemination of brief, plain language research summaries through face to face exchanges between the doers and users of research
The health service would reward
Active involvement of its clinicians, managers, and policy makers in research relevant to pressing health service questions
Support for operational research and development on its own activities
Change management driven by research based evidence
Inclusion of researchers in decision making processes
Innvaer and colleagues' systematic review of efforts to link research and policy better arrived at this same conclusion: "personal two-way communication between researchers and decision-makers should be used to facilitate the use of research. This can reduce mutual mistrust and promote a better understanding of policy-making by researchers and research by policy-makers."10
Research to action: knowledge brokering as a social solution
This linkage and exchange model of connecting research to action moves us away from the predominant view of evidence informed decision making as a technical exercise that places products into events—the implicit premise of, for instance, the clinical guidelines or performance indicators industries. Rather, it characterises the task of better informing decisions with research as being as much social as technical.
Gabbay and le May recently illustrated this in their ethnographic "mindlines" study of how clinical guidelines were translated into practice through social interaction and interpersonal networks in two general practice groups in England.11 Similarly, in their extensive systematic review of the innovation diffusion literatures, Greenhalgh and colleagues concluded that "knowledge depends for its circulation on interpersonal networks, and will only diffuse if these social features are taken into account and barriers overcome."12 This is a lesson learnt long ago by the pharmaceutical industry, with its use of local opinion leaders to influence patterns of drug prescribing.
This social focus points to human interaction as the engine that drives research into practice. It implies the need for both human intermediaries between the worlds of research and action (knowledge brokers; box 2) and supporting infrastructure (knowledge brokering agencies and resources).
Box 2: Attributes and skills of a knowledge broker713
Entrepreneurial (networking, problem solving, innovating)
Trusted and credible
Clear communicator
Understands the cultures of both the research and decision making environments
Able to find and assess relevant research in a variety of formats
Facilitates, mediates, and negotiates
Understands the principles of adult learning
Knowledge brokering is not a new concept. For instance, in the late 1800s the German dominance of the synthetic dye industry was explained by "an informal network of ties that connected players in industry and academia . . . the academic-industrial knowledge network."14 In 1906 the University of Wisconsin created its extension division to support agricultural liaison officers linking local farmers and university researchers, as they still do today.15
More than 20 years ago technology transfer officers were created in universities to speed research discoveries into patents and production, and organisational behaviourists were calling for "the development of hybrid researcher-practitioner roles (rather than the reliance on external 'scientists') . . . [and] mechanisms to promote active boundary spanning, dialogue and joint learning."16 Thus were born "clinical epidemiologists," clinicians who both see patients and do research, although their hybrid counterparts in the governance or management of the health service are yet to evolve.
Knowledge brokering in Canada
With a budget of approximately $C16m a year, the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation has adopted a role as a knowledge brokering agency for the past 10 years. We have defined knowledge brokering as "all the activity that links decision makers with researchers, facilitating their interaction so that they are able to better understand each other's goals and professional cultures, influence each other's work, forge new partnerships, and promote the use of research-based evidence in decision-making."13 Box 3 lists some of the approaches we have used to link the people leading research processes (mostly in universities and granting councils) and those leading decision processes (health service managers and policy makers).
Box 3: Illustrative activities of a knowledge brokering agency: the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation
Setting the research agenda
Triennial consultations with the health service on priority themes: Listening for Direction 17
Research funding restricted to priority themes
Each research project required to have 50% funding from an organisation in the health service
Facilitating applied research
Masters, PhD, and postdoctoral researcher training awards all require a placement in the health service
Each research project required to include decision makers in the health service as co-investigators
Decision support research syntheses are co-produced by researchers and people who can implement the results
Disseminating research
Production of plain language research summaries on pressing service questions: Evidence Boost and Mythbusters
Support of virtual knowledge networks of researchers and decision makers in the priority theme areas
Organising regular face to face exchanges on questions/problems and research results in priority theme areas
Getting research used
Funding and evaluating selected knowledge brokers; providing support and resources to other brokers
Providing regional workshops to the health service on tools and techniques for research use
Elite fellowships for decision makers in research use: executive training for research application (EXTRA)
(See www.chsrf.ca for further details)
Adopting a knowledge brokering role has both philosophical and practical dimensions. The philosophy leads us to build into all our activities and programmes the expectation of ongoing linkage and exchange between the researchers and their decision making counterparts. Capacity development—for researchers to be able to do applied research and decision makers to be able to use it—is part of the philosophy. The practice of knowledge brokering in itself leads us to support knowledge brokers, both with employment and with tools and resources such as synthesis of research, plain language research summaries, networks and exchange events bringing together researchers and managers, self assessment checklists for organisational capacity to use research, and other "knowledge transfer and exchange" mechanisms.
We recently surveyed the network of more than 400 Canadian health system knowledge brokers we have supported since 2003, only a few of whom have full time designation for this role.13 They report, as have others,18 that the supporting resources and tools are central to their role as brokers. They spend about 30% of their time on knowledge transformation (reading and disseminating research) and 20% on intermediation (actually linking researchers and decision makers). The remaining time, spent doing management duties or teaching, reflects the fact that this is often a part time role. About 30% of knowledge brokers are based in universities, about 10% in foundations or research funding agencies, and the remaining 60% in different levels of the health system (Gold I et al, National symposium on knowledge transfer and exchange, Toronto, 2006).
The effect of our capacity development and resources for knowledge brokering are demonstrable, although more cultural than instrumental in their impact. Brokering research priorities with people working in the health system attracts the attention, resources, and engagement of these decision makers to the resulting research agenda.17 Research funded under the model is four times more likely than that funded by traditional means to be subject to active efforts at dissemination and implementation (Graham ID et al, Translating research into practice: advancing excellence from discovery to delivery, Washington, 2004). Graduates from our researcher training programmes are just as likely to take up research careers in the health service as in a university. Our brief, plain language summaries of research—Mythbusters or Evidence Boost—or our decision support syntheses of research are routinely used by brokers in governments, health authorities, and the health professions to generate dialogue and debate.
Developing capacity on the use of research for those working in the health system also has results. For instance, only 21% of the health system managers entering our executive training for research application programme report using research in their day to day work "most or all of the time;" two years later, at graduation, this proportion has more than doubled to 50%. Sixty five per cent of these graduates also report an excellent or very good ability to create a more evidence based working environment in their home organisations; for those entering the programme the figure is only 8%.
Knowledge brokering is not a universal panacea. However, the interpersonal linkages it creates are certainly very promising as one of the "in-between" missing pieces that can bridge the know-do gap for health services. Perhaps for the new year every health services researcher should adopt a health services decision maker, and vice versa.
Lomas J. Improving research dissemination and uptake in the health sector: beyond the sound of one hand clapping. 1997 (www.chsrf.ca/knowledge_transfer/pdf/handclapping_e.pdf)
Oldham G, McLean R. Approaches to knowledge-brokering. 1997. (www.iisd.org/pdf/2001/networks_knowledge_brokering.pdf)
Max Lock Centre, School of the Built Environment, Westminster University, London. Intermediaries in knowledge transfer and exchange. 1998. (www.wmin.ac.uk/builtenv/maxlock/KTweb/KT_Guide4.htm)
Scottish Executive, Office of the Chief Researcher. New directions for knowledge transfer and knowledge brokerage in Scotland. 2005. (www.chsrf.ca/brokering/pdf/scotland-KT-KB-keyfindings_e.pdf)
Australian Government Land and Water Australia. Knowledge for regional NRM: connecting researchers & practitioners. 2006. (www.lwa.gov.au/downloads/publications_pdf/PB051023.pdf)
Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. Knowledge brokering. 2006. (www.chsrf.ca/brokering/index_e.php)
Summary points
Neither universities nor the health service provide much incentive for ongoing connections between researchers and clinicians, managers, or policy makers
More formal recognition is needed for the interpersonal role of knowledge brokering in connecting the research and decision making processes
Knowledge brokering consists of individual brokers, supporting agencies, and a portfolio of resources and supports that make health services research and decision making more accessible to each other
Initial experience in Canada suggests that adopting a knowledge brokering approach improves the culture for evidence informed decision making
With apologies to M G Vassanji (and Vikram Lall) for the title of this paper.
The concepts behind this article are based on JL's 25 years' experience as a knowledge broker: initially as an academic leading an applied health services research unit at McMaster University in Hamilton, ON, Canada (15 years), and then as the inaugural chief executive officer of a national knowledge brokering agency in Canada (10 years). JL developed the specific elements of the article for an invited presentation at the World Ministerial Summit on Health Research in Mexico City on 18 November 2004. He further refined these elements on the basis of collegial feedback after subsequent presentations and finalised them for this version at the request of the BMJ's editorial staff.
Competing interests: JL is employed by the organisation featured in the final section of this paper, the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation.
World Health Organization. World report on knowledge for better health. Geneva: WHO, 2004 (www.who.int/rpc/wr2004
Tomlinson S. The research assessment exercise and medical research. BMJ 2000;320:636-9.
Haynes RB. Loose connections between peer-reviewed clinical journals and clinical practice. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:724-8.
David AS. Wanted—more answers than questions. BMJ 2001;323:1462-3.
Lavis JN, Robertson D, Woodside JM, McLeod CB, Abelson J, Knowledge Transfer Study Group. How can research organizations more effectively transfer research knowledge to decision makers? Milbank Q 2003;81:221-48.
Walshe K, Rundall TG. Evidence-based management: from theory to practice in health care. Milbank Q 2001;79:429-57.
Clark G, Kelly E. New directions for knowledge transfer and knowledge brokerage in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, Office of the Chief Researcher, 2005 (www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/69582/0018002.pdf
Hutchings A, Raine R, Sanderson S, Black N. A comparison of formal consensus methods used for developing clinical guidelines. J Health Serv Res Policy 2006;11:218-24.
Lomas J. Using 'linkage and exchange' to move research into policy at a Canadian foundation. Health Aff 2000;19:236-40.
Innvaer S, Vist G, Trommald M, Oxman A. Health policy-makers' perceptions of their use of evidence: a systematic review. J Health Serv Res Policy 2002;7:239-44.
Gabbay J, le May A. Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed "mindlines?" Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. BMJ 2004;329:1013-7.
Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Macfarlane F, Bate P, Kyriakidou O. Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: systematic review and recommendations. Milbank Q 2004;82:581-629.
Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. The theory and practice of knowledge brokering in Canada's health system. Ottawa: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation, 2003 (www.chsrf.ca/brokering/pdf/Theory_and_Practice_e.pdf
Murmann JP. Knowledge and competitive advantage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Ward D. Serving the state: the Wisconsin idea revisited. Educational Record 1992;73(Spring):12-6.
Ferlie E, Fitzgerald L, Wood M. Getting evidence into clinical practice: an organizational behaviour perspective. J Health Serv Res Policy 2000;5:96-102.
Lomas J, Fulop N, Gagnon D, Allen P. On being a good listener: setting priorities for applied health services research. Milbank Q 2003;81:363-88.
Van Kammen J, de Savigny D, Sewankambo N. Using knowledge brokering to promote evidence-based policy-making: the need for support structures. Bull World Health Organ 2006;84:608-12.
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University of Minnesota Football's All-Decade Team
December 3, 2009 By paulmbanks 2 Comments
By Mike Gallagher
It seems like just yesterday the ball was dropping to culminate the new millennium. Y2K was about to strike the world and there was supposed to be mass chaos, riots, and darkness everywhere because computers would malfunction, all because of a few digit changes.
Well folks, we survived. Not only that, the 2000's are almost over, and moving into a new decade makes us reminisce about the last nine-plus years.
For Minnesota Golden Gopher football, it was full of ups and downs. Ok, more downs than ups (30-50 in the Big Ten), but there was plenty of individual talent in maroon and gold.
With 18 players that went to Minnesota currently in the NFL, and legions more former Gopher contributors out doing their 9-5 gigs, who are the best ten from the 2000s? With much deliberating and many sleepless nights, here is your answer.
1. Laurence Maroney, RB, 2003-2005. Maroney only started 14 games at Minnesota, but he played in 36 while splitting time with Marion Barber III and Gary Russell. He left after his junior year and was selected 21st overall by the New England Patriots, whom he still sees significant action for. He left Minnesota as only the third player in Big Ten history to gain over 1,000 yards three straight years, and was named an All-American in 2005 by Pro Football Weekly and Rivals.com.
2. Marion Barber III, RB, 2001-2004. He had a very good freshman year, but got hurt his sophomore year and received a medical redshirt, which opened the door for Terry Jackson II to have a breakout season. Once Barber returned, he formed an explosive tandem with Laurence Maroney. They became the only duo in Big Ten history to rush for 1,000 yards each in back to back seasons. Barber left after his junior year as well, and was drafted by the Cowboys in the 4th round, but has done big things since for the team.
3. Greg Eslinger, Center, 2002-2005. The man that blocked for Barber, Maroney, and Jackson, was a force up front. An All-American in 2005, he also won the Outland Trophy (best interior lineman) and Dave Rimington trophy (best center). He was drafted in the sixth round by the Denver Broncos and was last seen on their practice squad in 2008.
4. Asad Abdul-Khaliq, QB, 2000-2003. This is a tough choice, as Abdul-Khaliq gets the nod over Adam Weber and Bryan Cuptio for the top QB spot on this list. Khaliq's numbers don't jump off the page, but he only threw 25 interceptions in three years of starting and one year of splitting time. Khaliq also led the Gophers to their only 10 win season in school history. Some will say it was all due to the rushing game, but Khaliq managed games well and played within himself, something Weber struggles with.
5. Eric Decker, WR, 2006-2009. Decker contributed right away and came into a good situation, being thrust into the number one receiver's role with the graduation of Logan Payne after 2006 and Ernie Wheelwright after 2007. Decker topped 900 yards twice and was on pace for over 1,100 this year before an unfortunate injury. He has 24 career touchdowns and was the weapon that held an otherwise lackluster offense together over the last three years. Should he choose football over baseball, he will be drafted by the NFL.
6. Mark Setterstrom, G, 2002-2005. Setterstrom was Greg Eslinger's battery mate up front, and earned a great deal of honors himself. While also blocking for Maroney and Barber, his senior year the line only allowed three sacks, lowest in school history. He earned second team All-American honors his senior year and Rivals.com All-American his junior year. He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in 2006 in the 7th round, and remains on the team to this point.
7. Bryan Cupito, QB, 2003-2006. Another close call at quarterback, but Cupito combined smart play with explosiveness and improved every year, culminating with a senior season that saw 22 td's and only nine picks. He held every record in the book until Weber started to take them over this year. Still, he holds the record for career TD passes. He now coaches a 7th grade football team in Bloomington, MN.
8. Dominique Barber, S, 2004-2007. On a team not known for their defense throughout the decade, Barber stands out as the top performer while he was at the school. Darrell Reid, Michael Lehan, and Anthony Montgomery will draw more attention because of their higher draft position and better pro performances, but Barber led the team in tackling his senior year and received All-Big Ten second team honors. He was also an All Big-Ten honorable mention his junior season when he had 74 tackles and four INT's. He was drafted by the Houston Texans in the 6th round and remains on their roster.
9. Tellis Redmon, RB, 1998-2001. Redmon is the name that often gets lost in the Gophers running back conversation. Redmon had back-to-back 1,000 yard seasons and had a short stint in the NFL after being picked up by the Baltimore Ravens.
10. Adam Weber, QB, 2006-present. He has broken nearly every Gophers passing record in the books. He put up great numbers his freshman year and was expected to do big things for the program. He led them to a surprising start in 2008, when they got up to 18th in the nation. But since then, things have gone the wrong way for Weber and the Gophers. He isn't higher on this list because of the interceptions and lack of winning.
Notables: Ron Johnson, WR, 1998-2001: He'd be on this list had all of his years been in the 2000's.
Terry Jackson II, Amir Pinnix, Gary Russell, Running Backs: All had one great season, but couldn't sustain their success.
Matt Spaeth and Ben Utecht, Tight Ends: Both great tight ends, but in the grand scheme of the offense were never huge contributors. Utecht had a rough freshman and senior year. Spaeth had over 300 receiving yards only once.
Tyrone Carter, S, Ben Hamilton, C: Both didn't play enough in the 2000's to make this list, but were great players.
Filed Under: The Bank Tagged With: adam weber, all decade team, amir pinnix, asad abdul-khaliq, ben hamilton, ben utecht, bryan cupito, dominique barber, eric decker, gary russell, golden gopher football, gophers football all decade team, greg eslinger, laurence maroney, marion barber, mark setterstrom, matt spaeth, minmesota gophers, minnesota football, ron johnson, tellis redmon, terry jackson II, tyrone carter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Service Members learn to Parlez Francais in Garoua, Cameroon
By Staff Sgt. Christina TurnipseedDecember 20, 2017
1 / 2 Show Caption + Hide Caption – Sgt. Nathan Pelletti, of the 40th Expeditionary Signal Battalion, 11th Theater Tactical Signal Brigade, teaches a French class at Contingency Location Garoua, Cameroon, as part of Task Force Darby, Dec. 18. TF Darby soldiers are serving in a support role for the Cameroon military's fight against the violent extremist organization Boko Haram. (Photo by Staff Sgt. Christina J. Turnipseed, Contingency Location Garoua Public Affairs) (Photo Credit: Staff Sgt. Christina Turnipseed) VIEW ORIGINAL
2 / 2 Show Caption + Hide Caption – Spc. Oumar Coulibaly of 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (left), and Sgt. Nathan Pelletti of the 40th Expeditionary Signal Battalion, 11th Theater Tactical Signal Brigade, teach a French class at Contingency Location Garoua, Cameroon as part of Task Force Darby, Dec. 18. TF Darby soldiers are serving in a support role for the Cameroon military's fight against the violent extremist organization Boko Haram. (Photo by Staff Sgt. Christina J. Turnipseed, Contingency Location Garoua Public Affairs) (Photo Credit: Staff Sgt. Christina Turnipseed) VIEW ORIGINAL
GAROUA, Cameroon - Two soldiers and an airman started a French class here to make it easier for servicemembers and locals to communicate.
Service members here are serving in a support role for the Cameroon military's fight against the violent extremist organization Boko Haram.
The ongoing classes were originally started by Senior Airman Melissa Sharpe an airman serving here in the finance office.
"I started the French classes because of the locals," said Sharpe.
"We interact with them every day and they would always try to speak to us in their language," she said. "Since we're a guest in their country, I wanted to be able to speak with them or be able to let them know that we're trying to get to know them better too."
Sharpe then recruited Sgt. Nathan Pelletti, of the 40th Expeditionary Signal Battalion, 11th Theater Tactical Signal Brigade, and Spc. Oumar Coulibaly of 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division, who both speak fluent French.
"I was born in Paris and I was raised there for ten years," said Pelletti.
"As a result of simply going to school I learned French as a first language. Then later on when I moved to the U.S., that's actually when I learned English," Pelletti said.
Coulibaly, in contrast, learned French from his mother.
"When I was young, my mother who is from Mali, would speak to me in French," said Coulibaly.
Coulibaly and Pelletti chose to teach students French phrases that would allow them to complete everyday exchanges with more ease.
"We try and focus on practicality because it wouldn't actually be reasonable to teach someone the whole language of French in a couple of weeks,' said Pelletti.
"So we teach them common phrases, market interactions, how to ask for directions," Pelletti said, "something that can be used when they go out as opposed to teaching them the entire language."
Sharpe, who is also a student in the class, says she now finds communicating with the locals to be simpler.
"It's all basic but I can kind of talk to them a lot easier. They really appreciate when we do that," said Sharpe.
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November 22, 2019Breast cancer diagnoses leads to friendship, desire to help others
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November 12, 2019USACE and VA Break Ground for Outpatient Clinic


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Fatše La Heso set of orchestral parts
(My Country)
Catalogue No:
MMM002
A set of 30 orchestral parts to go with the full score, which is available elsewhere on this site (https://african-composers-edition.co.za/work/fatse-la-heso-tone-poem/). The work is scored for 2 flutes (2nd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in A, 2 bassoons, 3 trumpets, 4 horns, 3 trombones, tuba, harp, piano, timps, percussion (bass drum, cymbals, and tam-tam & triangle - the latter combined into one part), and strings. The set of parts is downloadable as one continuous pdf file of 117 pages, and includes comments on many points of interest in Moerane's original manuscript full score, including phrasing and dynamics. Each part is paginated separately (i.e. beginning on p.1) with due consideration for page turns and with copious cues. The featured image shows a sample from the 1st Flute part.
ISMN 979-0-804007-31-2
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Wrought Iron Oxford Top 8 Pair Mitten & Boot Dryer Stand :: Holds 8 pair of mittens or boots. Winter time means snow, sledding and frigid fun. However, all that powdery white fluff becomes sopping wet messes once your family comes in the house. Even the trek from the front door to the mailbox and back can cause a watery problem. Find a solution that will keep your home organized and clean, and free of potentially hazardous wet spots. This stylish wrought iron mitten and boot rack is the perfect solution to your winter woes. The look is elegant, with black wrought iron that will fit into any color scheme and compliment any style. This rack can easily support up to eight pairs of mittens and/or boots. Just take them off and slide them on the arms that just from the center pole. Each arm includes a small curved end to avoid painful poking. Place your mitten and boot stand by the front or back door, wherever your family is more likely to come in from the cold! Buy these wrought iron stands in larger quantities. Not only will you have one for every entrance to your home, but you can also give them as gifts! What's even better is the more you order, the less you pay per unit! Let this simple black mitten and boot stand save you from the snow!


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Student Sues Georgetown After Father Pleads Guilty in Admissions Scandal
news 2 months ago Newsweek
college admission scandal georgetown university adam semprevivo
A Georgetown University student whose father pleaded guilty in the college admission scandal filed a lawsuit against the school, alleging he was not given due process and therefore should not be able to be disciplined.
On May 7, Stephen Semprevivo pleaded guilty to paying Rick Singer, the ringleader of the college admissions scheme, $400,000 to aid his son's admittance to Georgetown. On Wednesday, Stephen's son, Adam Semprevivo, filed a lawsuit to prevent the school from revoking the academic credits he earned and subjecting him to academic discipline.
The college admission scandal involved a number of wealthy parents—including Fuller House star Lori Loughlin—who paid large sums of money to Singer to boost their child's appeal to colleges. Some parents paid to have SAT scores adjusted and others, including Stephen, paid to have his son recruited to Georgetown for a sport he had little to no prior experience playing.
In Adam's case, a note to Gordie Ernst, then a tennis coach, and an essay included a fabricated representation about his tennis experience.
After Ernst recommended him for one of the tennis admission spots, he received a letter informing him he was "likely" to be accepted. However, in the lawsuit, Adam argued he had the necessary academic qualifications because he had a 1980 SAT score and a weighted GPA of 4.067.
Had the school compared his transcripts to the application, the lawsuit contended they would have easily identified inconsistencies.
"His high school transcripts, which were supplied to Georgetown by Campbell Hall High School, made no reference to Adam ever having played tennis," the lawsuit stated. "Yet the application filled out by Singer emphasized Adam to be an Academic All-American ranked tennis player."
In 2017, about two years before the indictments were announced, the Georgetown admissions office identified irregularities in two prospective students' athletic credentials, prompting an investigation into Ernst. At this time, the lawsuit argued Georgetown should have also noticed Adam's athletic profile was inconsistent with reality.
On April 3, Adam received an email from Senior Associate Director of Admissions Melissa Costanzi raising concerns that his application may have contained inaccurate information, according to the lawsuit. Adam responded with a question as to why the Honor Council System Procedures (HCSP) were not being followed.
The school's legal counsel allegedly argued the University's Honor System wasn't applicable to this situation because the investigation centered on activity that took place before he was enrolled as a student. Instead, university officials would gather information and take action based on that information.
"The threatened expulsion and loss of credits, predicated on numerous material violations of the contract between Semprevivo and Defendant, has precluded Semprevivo from receiving a degree from Georgetown, deprived his family of over $200,000 [in tuition], and may forever bar Semprevivo from transferring his earned credits to another university,"
Since the school allegedly failed to provide Adam with his rights and procedures in accordance with the HSPC, the lawsuit requested Georgetown be barred from disciplining him. This included prohibiting the removal of credits he earned and the barring of him transferring his credits to another university.
"Applicants to Georgetown affirm that the information and statements contained in their applications are true, correct and complete," Georgetown University spokesperson Meghan Dubyak told Newsweek. "Knowingly misrepresenting or falsifying credentials in an application can be cause for rescinding the admission of the student and dismissal from Georgetown."
The lawsuit corroborated a claim made in the affidavit that Adam sent a note, drafted by Singer, to Ernst, which contained falsified information about his tennis experience. However, the suit claimed Singer typed Adam's name in the signature block and Adam never signed his application.
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Lori Loughlin Indictment: Actor Facing New Money Laundering Conspiracy Charge in College Admission Scandal


text:
Q: Node js выводить undefind вместо html шаблона Есть такой код. Смысл, всего взять инфу с json файла и заменить в шаблоне html.
что-то типа шаблонизатора, подставить инфу. Нов консоле выводить undefind
Пример json:
[
    {
      "userId": 1,
      "id": 1,
      "title": "sunt aut facere repellat provident occaecati excepturi optio reprehenderit",
      "body": "quia et suscipit\nsuscipit recusandae consequuntur expedita et cum\nreprehenderit molestiae ut ut quas totam\nnostrum rerum est autem sunt rem eveniet architecto"
    },
    {
      "userId": 1,
      "id": 2,
      "title": "qui est esse",
      "body": "est rerum tempore vitae\nsequi sint nihil reprehenderit dolor beatae ea dolores neque\nfugiat blanditiis voluptate porro vel nihil molestiae ut reiciendis\nqui aperiam non debitis possimus qui neque nisi nulla"
    }

таких итемов больше 100

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Generosity After the Storm
Courtesy Elsie Morales Ramos
Elsie Morales Ramos '72
On a dark night in September 2017, Elsie Morales Ramos '72 was awakened at 3 a.m. by the sounds of Hurricane Maria pounding against walls and windows. In Puerto Rico to visit Brandeis friends Naomi Vega '73 and her sister Carmen Lillian Vega '75, Ramos was a guest in Naomi's house when the storm hit.
"The wind was so strong, water was coming in through every opening and crevice," says Ramos. "We spent the storm just trying to get the water out. The next morning, we went outside, and it looked like a bomb had hit."
Trees were down. Roads were blocked. There was no water, electricity or internet. The family had a small portable radio, which for the first couple of days picked up only one station. Anyone who could access a phone called in to that station to let their loved ones know they were safe.
Ramos wasn't able to return to her home in upstate New York until the airport restored its operations weeks later. She says Naomi's house was without electricity for six months and internet access has still not returned. Tragically, authorities estimate Hurricane Maria has now claimed nearly 3,000 lives.
While the experience was harrowing, Ramos is grateful she was able to help her friends in their time of need. After all, their bond has stood the test of time. After graduation, Ramos fell out of touch with her classmates for three decades. But when they reconnected, she says, "it was like we just picked up from where we left off."
At Brandeis, Ramos majored in sociology and was actively involved in the LatinX community. She helped found Grito, a student organization that worked to increase and support the LatinX population at the university, paired upperclassmen with incoming students for mentoring, and joined with other minority student organizations in campus protests and activism. Ramos also founded an initiative under the Waltham Group umbrella that started a bilingual nursery school and provided translation services for the Puerto Rican community in Waltham.
Realizing as early as 1981 that computers were the future, Ramos enjoyed a 30-year career at IBM. While working full time and raising two small children, she also earned a master's in computer science from Pace University.
Now, to engage her alma mater in the Puerto Rico recovery efforts, she is partnering with Brandeis' Intercultural Center to raise funds and collect donations of new or used smartphones, tablets and computers for a technology classroom at San Juan's University High School that was devastated by the storm.
The effort aligns with the selflessness Ramos saw the island's residents display after the hurricane. "Somebody needed their roof fixed, and they did it," she says. "Somebody needed food, so they shared."
Last September, Ramos flew back to Puerto Rico to reunite with her Brandeis friends. From the plane, she was struck by the sea of blue tarps on the rooftops below. "There is still much work to be done," she says.
But hope endures. "The attitude of people in Puerto Rico is 'sí, se puede' — yes, we can," says Ramos.
— Brian Klotz


As company providing transport service I can say that is one of the best school I have cooperated with. Reception staff -outstanding, helpful and friendly. Thanks guys!
My eldest son has gone right from Reception through to Year 6 in this school and I have been incredibly impressed with it. He was on the SEN register for Years 1 & 2, and finished by passing his 11+. Both my children have always loved going to the school and have done well, which must be a reflection of the teachers. Being a brand new primary school in 2002, the facilities are second to none in the Sleaford area and are known to be one of the best in Lincolnshire with regard to I.T. provision. I would highly recommend it.


text:
things we want
These tea blends were inspired by Netflix's "The Crown"
If you are obsessed with the British royal family, you will not find any judgment here. I myself can relate to being a dedicated follower of every news item about Kate Middleton's current pregnancy, and the eating habits of the young Prince Harry and even younger Prince George. Most of us regular people (except perhaps for Meghan Markle, but she was already an actress) will ever know what it's like to live the micro-managed, though glamorous, life of a royal person, but the interworkings of their lives provide an endless source of entertainment. That's why it shouldn't be much of a shock that the Netflix series The Crown, which chronicles the early years of the reign of Elizabeth II, turned out to be a hit. Watching her on your television screen is just about as close as you'll ever get to meeting the queen, but if you want to celebrate her life in another way, you might want to pick up the new The Republic of Tea blends that were inspired by her and Winston Churchill.
Related article: "The Most Interesting Place to Eat in Europe" finally gets a cookbook
The new blends have arrived just in the time to celebrate the second season of The Crown, which premieres on December 8. The first tea, called the Prime Minister's Blend, is a black tea flavored with oil of bergamot, while the other, called The Queen's Evening Tea, is a chamomile tea with a hint of honey. The containers are decorated with images of Queen Elizabeth II and Winston Churchill as depicted on the show. You can also purchase a gift set that contains both blends.
With a new exhibit at The Plaza hotel featuring teas and cocktails inspired by Downton Abbey, pretending to live like a British aristocrat seems to be in vogue at the moment. Now is the perfect time to dress up in your fanciest outfit and pretend to be a noblewoman (Maybe a duchess? A countess?) for the day. If you're not much of an actress, you could take a much simpler route, and drink The Republic of Tea blends while binge-watching the new season of The Crown, or just indulge in a cup before bed to feel more like the queen herself. There's no easier way to imitate our imperial British cousins than by taking up tea drinking.
By Food and Wine
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The Republic Of Tea


text:
Previously published in PGS-CA Bulletin (Issue #45, April 1999)
Okno Translated from the Słownik Geograficzny (1890-1902)
Okno, a village in the county of Skałat, is roughly 4 1/2 kilometers east of Grzymałów, (Hrymalov), now in Ukraine. It lies in the midst of the Miodobor Mountains, at an elevation of 1200 feet above sea level, in a deep vale, surrounded by mountains on the east and north, and hills to the west and south. The lower elevations are dotted with many springs, which were called "okna", plural for windows, vents or air holes. Thus the town received the name Okno. The water in the springs never froze, despite cold weather and the surrounding area was always green.
The area, in prehistoric times, was once covered by a large lake as evidenced by the discovery of the remains of a settlement and a cemetery. Excavations were begun in the 1890's by the village owner, Władysław Federowicz, with the aid of Kikor, a member of the Krakow Academy. The digs uncovered human bones, pottery, coal, and scorched earth. Kikor estimated that the area dated back at least 2000 years.
In 1720, Okno was the property of Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski, a castellan from Krakow. Through his daughter's marriage, it passed on to the noble Czartoryski family. Isabella Czartoryski the daughter of Count August Alexander Czartoryski married into the noble Lubomirski family. In an agreement with her brother, Okno and Grzymałów were deeded to her. She in turn passed ownership to her daughter, Konstancya Rzewuska, whose second marriage was to Count Waldstein. The Czartoryski and Lubomirski families settled in the area with so many of their illustrious relatives, that one area was called "Szlachta" (Nobility).
In 1822, the Rzewuski family fell on hard times, bankruptcy, and their assets were liquidated. In 1825, Okno was sold to the family's attorney, Leopold Poltenberg from Vienna. In 1848 he sold it to Anthony Pajgert. In 1850, it was purchased by Jan Federowicz, and in 1870 ownership passed on to Władysław Federowicz. He relocated the Jewish population from the village. He was successful in improving farming and other industries to the benefit of the inhabitants.
The noble family holdings covered 912 morgen (morgen (mr.) = 2.116 acres) of farmland, 41 mr. of meadows and orchards, 32 mr. of pastures, and 461 mr. of forests. The remaining community covered 2181 mr. of farms, 205 mr. of meadows and orchards, and 160 mr. of pastureland. The entire area combined accounted for over 4000 mr. of land.
In the 1890's the town had 1084 Greek Catholics and 592 Roman Catholics. The Greek Catholic Church, built of bricks, was constructed in 1840 in Okno. Its choir consisted of 40 voices, which sang in 4-part harmony. The Roman Catholic church was in Hrymalov (Grzymałów). Two teachers staffed the public school in town; the lending bank had a capital of 12,000 złotys. There was one inn in the village and it featured a reading room.
Besides farming and raising cattle, the populace tended orchards, and engaged in bird hunting. Weaving was a major industry with a production of tablecloths and bed coverings made from a hemp yarn that featured red and blue thread. During the winter months the ladies of the village made "wstawki", a kind of coronet, made in a typical Russian pattern. These were used as borders and trimmings for pillowcases and towels. The ladies also made head coverings from yarn they spun and dyed in various colors. Among the many industries on the manor grounds was the cultivation of grapes and winemaking, and a system for irrigating the farms.
Jan Federowicz, an officer in the Polish Army, lies buried in the cemetery. He was of high rank and also a delegate to the Polish Council in 1848. A prolific writer, he wrote several books on philosophy. He was a noted benefactor who had the interest of the people at heart. He was also dedicated to expanding education and improving the living conditions of the inhabitants.


text:
Q: How to 'Enable CORS' in asp.net web form application? I have developed asp.net web form application and I have need to call cross domain handler, so for that I have need to 'Enable CORS', but I have no idea about that.
I have used 'Enable CORS' with mvc, but not with web form applications,please provide proper suggestion.
Thank you in advance

A: <httpProtocol>
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Write this code in web.config file at the root of your application.


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text:
Rudhramadevi – Great story with horrible CGI
August 22, 2016 August 22, 2016 moviemavengal
Rudhramadevi is currently on Netflix streaming in the US, unfortunately the original Telugu dubbed in Hindi. Anushka Shetty of Bahubali fame, plays queen Rudhramadevi. The coolest thing about this historical epic is that the main characters in this film are all based on real people. Rudhramadevi ruled in what is now Telegana, dying in 1295, and was one of the first reigning queens in India.
Gona Gannareddy (Allu Arjun) truly was a Robin Hood like figure supporting Radhrumadevi's rule. [I read Mahesh Babu turned down the role.]
For some bizarre reason, the filmmakers frame the film by having Marco Polo narrate the story — to show how women ruling is a good thing, I guess. But the CGI of those opening scenes and the sailing ship, is just horrendous. At other points they use very cool animation drawings and I wish they'd just used those throughout, or drawings of maps.
The film Rudhramadevi supposes that when she was born the King's chief adviser (Prakash Raj) suggests the birth of a son be announced to the kingdom, so the unruly populous and the feuding relatives angling to take over the throne will be assured there is a male heir. The young prince is raised in the forest and trained in warfare and sword fighting. The young actress who played the young Rudhramedeva was really good. She comes to court as a young teen for the first time, and meets two princes – Gona Gannareddy and Chalukya Veerabhadra. They escape the palace together, and she sees a statue of a woman, and realizes with shock that that's what she looks like. She runs home, and in a stunning scene for an Indian film, finds her pants soaked with blood down to her ankles. She runs to her mother who tells her the truth. She is given the choice to become the princess, but chooses to continue to live as the prince heir of the kingdom.
As a now young man, she's expected to marry, and Nithya Menon plays the young princess she marries. (Which totally made me think of Yentl, but she tells the princess she must remain celibate.) Rudhramadevi has strong feelings for her best friend Chalukya Veerabhadra (Rana Daggubati). He catches a glimpse of her outside the palace dressed as a woman, and becomes obsessed. He's derelict in his war duties he's so smitten, and she appears again to him as a woman, which gives us this fantastic love duet, one of the highlights of the film for me:
What I loved about the story is that Anushka Shetty as Rudhramadevi is a kick ass warrior queen, and she's not going to run off to marry her lover when she has duties as queen. The whole story is so awesomely feminist and woman positive, and Anushka's performance, especially in the fighting and battle scenes makes me even more excited for Bahubali 2.
The story is great, but the CGI is so bad that it takes you out of the film at times. I don't understand why they had to use digital outdoor backdrops for several scenes. It seemed completely unnecessary. This film wanted to be what Bahubali achieved, but they didn't have the same money to execute it.
This is an example of some of the worst effects. To show either Allu or Rana riding a horse, they were head on to the camera with their head horribly photoshopped on a repeating GIF of a body moving up and down on a fake horse head. Over and over and over. It looked SO bad. And they made it a poster! Ugh!
If I had a young daughter, this is a fantastic story of a warrior queen, but I'm not sure older more sophisticated kids could get past the bad special effects.
Still, a mostly enjoyable watch, with very cool characters, great action battles, and some nice song numbers. Kudos to Rana Daggubati for playing the Chris Pine to Anushka Shetty's Wonder Woman.
Three stars out of five.
Check out Margaret's take on Rudhramadevi on her blog Don't Call It Bollywood. She delves much deeper into the gender politics the film.
Film Reviews, Hindi Cinema, Indian Cinema, Telugu Cinema, UncategorizedAllu Arjun, Anushka Shetty, Netflix, Nithya Menon, Prakash Raj, Rana Daggubati, Rudhramadevi
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3 thoughts on "Rudhramadevi – Great story with horrible CGI"
mredlich21 August 22, 2016 / 12:45 pm
Yentl! That's the perfect comparison!
moviemavengal August 22, 2016 / 12:48 pm
Rudhramadevi didn't have to produce bloody sheets with that clever vow!
Pingback: New Trailers for Allu Arjun, Dhanush and Rana! – MovieMavenGal


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text:
U.S. postal workers protest in solidarity with Canada Post staff
U.S. postal workers gathered in solidarity Tuesday outside Canada's embassy in Washington to protest the federal Liberal government's decision to legislate their northern counterparts back to work.
WASHINGTON — U.S. postal workers gathered in solidarity Tuesday outside Canada's embassy in Washington to protest the federal Liberal government's decision to legislate their northern counterparts back to work.
About 50 members of the American Postal Workers Union and the National Association of Letter Carriers gathered on Pennsylvania Avenue down the street from Capitol Hill in a visible and full-throated show of support for Canada Post employees.
Brandishing hand-lettered placards and a bullhorn, they chanted slogans, sang pro-union songs and marched outside the embassy, all under the watchful eye of uniformed members of the U.S. Secret Service, which protects Washington's foreign missions, as well as the White House.
"We're here in solidarity with the Canadian Union of Postal Workers and our counterparts in Canada who move the mail every day with pride and serve the people of Canada and of the United States," said APWU president Mark Dimondstein.
"We're also here to condemn the Trudeau government, in terms of taking away and denying workers their legal right to withhold their labour to get a good contract."
A dispute over wages, benefits and job security culminated last October in a series of temporary rotating walkouts at Canada Post facilities in various places across Canada, throwing local and regional mail delivery services into disarray.
The strikes persisted for weeks, affecting the busy holiday shipping season, until Ottawa passed legislation in November. That law required workers to resume their duties and appointed a mediator to arbitrate an end to the dispute between union and the Crown corporation, which has been struggling for years with declining traditional-mail volume.
Ordering them back to work constituted a violation of the charter rights of Canada's postal workers, said Dimondstein.
"If collective bargaining is undermined in Canada, and the right to strike is part of their collective bargaining rights, our collective bargaining rights are also under attack in the United States," he said.
The issue of collective bargaining strikes a nerve for postal workers south of the border, who have been nervous about their own rights ever since President Donald Trump — apparently in a fit of pique with Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos — took a special interest in the U.S. Postal Service.
Trump, who has accused the ubiquitous online retailer of unfairly exploiting and overburdening the U.S. postal system, ordered a task force to explore the issue of reforming the postal service.
That report, released last month, recommended that the money-losing USPS develop a new pricing model that would lift price caps and establish market-based prices for mail and packages not considered "essential postal services." It also called for redefined "universal service obligations," which the union argues would slow service, cut delivery days and lead to wide-scale privatization.
"The changing business that we've faced here, they face the same thing in Canada, and I think their members are eager to provide that service, but they want to do so safely, and they want to be compensated fairly," said Brian Renfroe, executive vice-president of the National Association of Letter Carriers.
"The collective bargaining process is a foundation of every union. We're fighting for our collective bargaining rights here that are under attack; they're doing the same thing. I think all they want's a fair process, and we're here to stick with them in solidarity."
The dispute in Canada is far from over. Talks with arbitrator-mediator Elizabeth MacPherson, former chairwoman of the Canada Industrial Relations Board, broke down in December and are scheduled to resume Wednesday.
That process is aimed at reaching arbitrated settlements that would be imposed on Canada Post and its 42,000 urban carriers and 8,000 rural and suburban employees. A spokesman for Canada Post refused to comment on the process Tuesday.
Allison Hanes: Carbon monoxide scare at LaSalle school was a wake-up...  Watch: Ottawa grieving over bus crash deaths


text:
international trade administration history
The U.S. Commercial Service, through its Strategic Corporate Partnership program,[2] has Public Private Partnership agreements with 17 private organizations, including several banks, legal and regulatory organizations, transportation and shipping organizations, event organizers, trade risk service companies and the publisher of Commercial News USA, the official export promotion magazine of the U.S. Department of Commerce, The ecommerce partner is the Federation of International Trade Associations under which the USCS contributes market research and other reports on GlobalTrade.net.[3]. She is a three-time delegate to the California Democratic Party and a former federal elections official. Trade Specialist Series, 1140 Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration Individual Occupational Requirements Education Undergraduate Education: Major study -- global business management, global public policy, international finance, business administration, textile and apparel studies, political science, economics, marketing, international trade, international … ITA works to improve the global business environment and helps U.S. organizations compete at home and abroad. The inaugural meeting of the U.S.-Turkey Business Council was held September 19 in Istanbul, Turkey. , 16 , 571. A bachelor's degree in a field related to international trade, such as international business, global public policy, political science, international trade, business administration… Total trade equals exports plus imports.In 2018, total world trade was $39.7 trillion. The ITA administers various protectionist measures to respond to "unfair" trading by foreign countries and businesses. Office of Public Affairs, Global Markets Just as open trading between the fifty states creates widespread benefits, so does open trading on a global scale. This software allows users to create customized reports and colorful charts detailing international trade data at different levels. [6] The Under Secretary participates in the development of United States trade policy, identifies and resolves market access and compliance issues, administers American trade laws, and undertakes a range of trade promotion and trade advocacy efforts. USA Trade Online, our free international trade database. Find what you are looking for here. The International Trade Administration Commission (ITAC) started a 'sunset' review in December 2020 of import tariffs imposed on cement from Pakistan. This article is within the scope of WikiProject Trade, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Trade on Wikipedia. The International Trade Administration (ITA) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that promotes United States exports of nonagricultural U.S. services and goods. Advocacy Center helps California company secure $12.5 million contract with a Macedonian government agency International Trade Administration Industry and Analysis National Travel and Tourism Office FAST FACTS: UNITED STATES TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY —2019— Industry 2.9% of GDP 9.2 million jobs - 5.9 million direct; 3.3 million indirect - 1.3 … This research describes the role of ITA (International Trade Administration) and ITC (International Trade Commission) in neutralizing duty determinations. In 2019, bilateral merchandise trade reached $2.45 billion, with an additional $1.5 billion of trade in services (2019 figures). Gilbert Kaplan is the Under Secretary of Commerce for the International Trade Administration During World Trade Month, the International Trade Administration (ITA) will celebrate our commitment to preserving free, fair, and reciprocal trade that enhances American prosperity. 390B W FIR AVE CLOVIS, CA 93611 Get Directions (559) 324-6401. www.trade.gov . International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories[1] because there is a need or want of goods or services. By the end of the hostilities, world trade had been disrupted to a degree that made recovery very difficult. The International Trade Administration (ITA) strengthens the competitiveness of U.S. industry, promotes trade and investment, and ensures fair trade through the rigorous enforcement of our trade laws and agreements. Export America is a Trademark by International Trade Administration, the address on file for this trademark is U.S. Department Of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Joseph C. Semsar is currently Acting Under Secretary. Enforcement and Compliance, Competitiveness ITA consists of three sub-units. This site contains PDF documents. Gilbert Kaplan left the position in late 2019. Federation of International Trade Associations, Executive Office of the President of the United States, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the United States Trade Representative, partners - International trade content and service providers, "US CODE: Title 22,2124. "One of the keys to success for the Export.gov site, is to bring information in any form together, and deliver it to the … A Centennial History of the United States International Trade Commission The book that marks the first 100 years of the USITC, 1916¬—2016 Ceremonial documents from the U.S. President and Members of Congress International trade plays a crucial role in the growth and prosperity of the United States. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. The Under Secretary is the head of the International Trade Administration within the Commerce … The International Trade Administration (ITA) was established on January 2, 1980, by the Secretary of Commerce to promote world trade and to strengthen the international trade and investment position of the United States. The International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies … International Trade Administration A-122-857 Certain Softwood Lumber Products from Canada: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2017-2018 AGENCY: Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade ]. The first five years of the postwar period were marked by the dismantling of wartime controls. Import Administration - is the unit responsible for enforcing trade laws and agreements to prevent unfair trade in imports and safeguard U.S. jobs and industry competition. The roles of the International Trade Administration and the International Trade Commission in Countervailing duty determinations, Manganiello, A. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). Additional Trade Remedy Resources • Economic Development Administration • United States Department of Labor An Introduction to U.S. Trade Remedies : Unfair foreign pricing and government subsidies distort the free flow of goods and adversely affect American business in the global marketplace. Organizational Structure, Mission, and Statutory Authority, Department of Commerce Strategic Plan and Annual Performance Plans, Department of Commerce Organizational Structure, Mission and Statutory Authority, Department of Commerce Point of Contact for Small Business, Office of the Legislative and Provide practical information to help Americans select markets and products. Through its … America's Uneasy History with Free Trade The long decline — and sudden resurgence — of protectionism. Going international could provide your business access to a world of opportunities. Trade Stats Express, Emblem of the International Trade Administration. 42 tys. International Trade Administration synonyms, International Trade Administration pronunciation, International Trade Administration translation, English dictionary definition of International Trade Administration. Intergovernmental Affairs, Trade Agreements Negotiations and Compliance, U.S. Bureaus and Offices International Trade Administration Call us: (301)763-2311 or 1-800-549-0595 option 4 [PDF] or denotes a file in Adobe's Portable Document Format . ITA works to improve the global business environment and helps U.S. … As a convenience, please consult our concordance list from our previous organizational structure. abbr. Under his leadership, since January 2013, the Institute has grown to 42 world-renowned fellows and won global recognition – including being … Please select from services below. sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. All data are updated each month with the release of the latest U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services Report. The need to reduce the pressures of economic conditions and ease international trade between countries gave rise to the World Economic Conference in May 1927 organized by League of Nations where in the most important industrial countries participated and led to drawing up of Multilateral Trade Agreement. Trade generates competition, promotes transfers of technology, and allows consumers and businesses access to the best products worldwide. International Trade Administration I. Note: This timeline intends to provide a complete list of trade actions taken by the Trump administration since day one (January 20, 2017) in the categories of: Policy document: includes all proclamations, announcements, decisions, and official reports released by the White House and government agencies under the executive branch (such as the Office of the U.S. Trade … osób lubi to. … ITA is organized into three distinct but complementary business units: The Global Markets unit combines ITA's country and regional experts, overseas and domestic field staff, and specific trade promotion programs to provide U.S. firms with the full suite of country-specific export promotion services and market access advocacy, while promoting the United States as an investment destination. UK announces new approach on US tariffs 8 December 2020 — Press release or use our feedback form! Enforcement & Compliance works to maintain open markets, promote investment and business activity, and provide U.S. businesses and … International trade has a rich history starting with barter system being replaced by Mercantilism in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Represents the interests of U.S. industry in trade negotiations. initial teaching alphabet abbreviation for Independent Television Authority: now superseded by the IBA. The International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. The Under Secretary is the head of the International Trade Administration within the Commerce Department. Deborah White is a political journalist specializing in progressive political issues and perspectives. Officials reporting to the USC(IT) include: Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. In 2019, bilateral merchandise trade reached $2.45 billion, with an additional $1.5 billion of trade in services (2019 figures). Firms scanning the world market for opportunities to diversify products, markets and suppliers, and trade support institutions (TSIs) setting priorities in terms of trade promotion, sectoral performance, partner countries and trade development strategies must have detailed statistical information on international trade flows … Intergovernmental Affairs The International Trade Administration Commission of South Africa (ITAC) has prepared its Strategic Plan 2020/21 – 2024/25, which I now submit to Parliament, as required by the legislation. The Office of International Trade's mission is to enhance the ability of small businesses to compete in the global marketplace. International Trade Administration The mission of the International Trade Administration (ITA) is to create prosperity by strengthening the international competitiveness of U.S. industry, promoting trade and investment, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. Bureaus and Offices International Trade Administration International Trade Administration translation in English-French dictionary. International Trade Secretary Liz Truss was in Singapore today to sign a Free Trade Agreement with the thriving city-state. It handles the licensing of steel imports and the enforcing of import barriers on textile manufacturers. The International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. As the Administrator of the International Trade Administration,[4] the Under Secretary also sits on the Board of Directors of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and serves as a member of the Tourism Policy Council[5] and the National Intellectual Property Council. Abolished, effective October 12, 1953, by Departmental Order 153, October 9, 1953, with functions transferred to Bureau of Foreign Commerce, established by same order. he International Trade Administration (ITA) is dedicated to opening foreign markets, promoting and expanding export activity, and ensuring fair competition and compliance with international trade agreements for the benefit of firms, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. It enforces U.S. unfair trade laws through administration of antidumping and countervailing duty laws, develops and implements other policies and programs to counter foreign unfair trade practices, and … U.S. anti… I&A will leverage ITA's relationships with manufacturing and services industries to increase U.S. exports. Create prosperity by strengthening the international competitiveness of U.S. industry, promoting trade and investment, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. The Enforcement and Compliance unit enhances ITA's responsibilities to enforce U.S. trade laws and ensure compliance with trade agreements negotiated on behalf of U.S. industry. 261 1 )(ai and 26(3)!a~ and Part B of Chapter 4 do not apply to the 30 having an effect within. International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services.. ITA works closely with U.S. businesses and other government agencies, including the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and the Department of the Treasury. These are: Industry and Analysis (I&A), Global Markets (GM), and Enforcement and Compliance (E&C). osób lubi to. The Under Secretary is appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. By Mary Trupo, Director of Public Affairs for the International Trade Administration. International trade is the exchange of goods and services among countries. International trade, however, refers specifically to an exchange between members of different nations, and accounts The barter of goods or services among different peoples is an age-old practice, probably as old as human history. Application of Act 3. The … The International Trade Administration, U.S. With the rank of Under Secretary, the USC(IT) is a Level III position within the Executive Schedule. Department of Commerce, High standards of personal integrity and professional excellence. The International Trade Administration is your U.S. government resource for export promotion, industry competitiveness, | The International Trade Administration (ITA) strengthens the competitiveness of U.S. industry, promotes trade and investment, and ensures fair trade through the rigorous enforcement of our trade … (1 i Subject to \ubsection (2). International Trade Administration The International Trade Administration promotes U.S. exports by providing diplomatic support, helping to shape trade policy, removing trade barriers, and enforcing U.S. trade laws and agreements. Major players:American colonists, British Parliament Tools of the trade (war):Tea "Taxation without representation." The International Trade Administration (ITA), U.S. Department of Commerce manages Export.gov to assist U.S. businesses plan their international sales strategies and succeed in today's global marketplace. International Trade Administration | 16 313 obserwujących na LinkedIn. The International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. (42) Les deux projets visaient à renverser une décision de 1983 de la U.S. International Trade Administration dans le cas des produits de bois mou selon laquelle les … WELCOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION COMMISSION OF SOUTH AFRICA ITAC aims to create an enabling environment for fair trade through efficient and effective administration of its trade instruments, and technical advice to the Economic Development Department and the dti. Contact the International Trade Macro Analysis Branch: Email us! International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia The seasonally adjusted balance on goods and services surplus decreased $1,561m to $5,022m in November. (1992). the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. fr Deux projets de loi présentés durant le Quatre-vingt dix-neuvième Congrès s'efforça de redéfinir les subventions pour les ressources. This is the first Strategic Plan prepared in the 6 th Administration by ITAC. ITA employs approximately 2,500 people, stationed in the Tourism Policy Council", "US CODE: Title 15,1128. The internet and technology have made it much easier for businesses of all sizes to profit from the many advantages of international trade. A PDF reader is available from Adobe Systems Incorporated. Trade drives 46 Let's take a look at the steps to become an international trade specialist. View the International Trade Administration company profile in Pontiac , MI for your business needs. administration of international trade subject to this Act and the SACU a= oreement. On October 1, 2013, ITA implemented a consolidation into these three business units. Existing anti-dumping duties, which were first implemented in 2015, will remain in place during proceedings. ITA is The International Trade Administration (ITA) exists to help American businesses export to China and lots of other places. A free inside look at company reviews and salaries posted anonymously by employees. Start This article has been rated as Start-Class on the project's quality scale. ITA works to improve the global business environment and helps U.S. organizations compete at home … Search up to date business pages at DandB.com. International Trade Administration, Waszyngton. this Act applies to all economic activity within. 29 US International Trade Administration reviews. International Trade Administration, Waszyngton. [2] In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). Definition: International trade is a set of actions that aim to exchange capital, goods, and services between foreign countries across their international borders. The International Trade Administration promotes U.S. exports by providing diplomatic support, helping to shape trade policy, removing trade barriers, and enforcing U.S. trade … The Industry and Analysis (I&A) unit brings together ITA's industry, trade, and economic experts to advance the competitiveness of U.S. industries through the development and execution of international trade and investment policies and promotion strategies. An economic downturn in 1920, followed by the … While international trade has existed throughout history (for example Uttarapatha, Silk Road, Amber Road, scramble for … Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening External links to other Internet The ITA was created on January 2, 1980 and is headed by the Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade (USC(IT)), the principal adviser to the Secretary of Commerce on American imports and exports. International trade - International trade - The "new" mercantilism: World War I wrought havoc on these orderly trading conditions. Industry Analysis The investigation will last up to 18 months, according to Moneyweb. Since January 2014, the annual rate of pay for Level III appointees is $167,000.[7]. However, ITA's primary protectionist activity is administering the antidumping and countervailing duty laws. The Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade is the principal officer of the United States Department of Commerce charged with promoting American exports and assisting general international trade. Statistics History: Office of International Trade designated one of the five autonomous units of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce (BFDC) by Departmental Order 10, December 18, 1945. Foster economic growth and prosperity through global trade. Office of Legislative and 42 tys. Speaker: Adam S. POSEN (President, Peterson Institute for International Economics) Adam S. Posen is president of the Peterson Institute for International Economics. While international trade has existed throughout history … View more. Industry and Analysis That's $20.8 trillion in exports and $18.9 trillion in imports. 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