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Governor vs State government
Governors today not the wise men that Constituent Assembly had envisaged
Rajeev Dhavan
Governors and Rajpramukhs of States at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi, on February 4, 1953. Sitting (L to R): Dr H.C. Mookerjee, Governor of West Bengal, H.H. the Rajpramukh of Tanvancore-Cochin, H.H. the Rajpramukh of PEPSU, H.H. the Rajpramukh of Saurashtra, H.H. the Rajpramukh of Mysore, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, President Dr Rajendra Prasad, Vice-President Dr S. Radhakrishnan, Chandulal Trivedi, Governor of Punjab (I), H.H. the Rajpramukh of Madhya Bharat, H.H. the Rajpramukh of Rajasthan, Jairamdas Doulatram, Governor of Assam and Sri Prakasa, Governor of Madras. Standing (L to R): Maj. Gen. Himat Sinhji, Lt. Governor of Himachal Pradesh, Pattabhi Sitaramayya, Governor of Madhya Pradesh, Saiyed Fazl Ali, Governor of Orissa, Governor of Bihar, Karan Singh, the Sadar-i-Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir and K.Santhanam, Lt. Governor of Vindhya Pradesh. | Photo Credit: The Hindu Archives
Many of them have disgraced their high office by flagrantly violating its principles.
There is considerable controversy over the role of the Governor. The Governors under the Government of India Act, 1935, were by the Raj, of the Raj and for the Raj. Initially the Constituent Assembly (CA) wanted elected Governors, as proposed by a sub-committee of B.G. Kher, K.N. Katju and P. Subbarayan on June 10, 1947. Ironically, Katju was later appointed the Governor of West Bengal though he clearly took the view that the office should be apolitical. The Draft Constitution of 1948 was ambivalent, with the Drafting Committee leaving it to the CA to decide whether Governors should be elected or nominated. There was an Instrument of Instructions in the Fourth Schedule to guide Governors: it was sadly excluded for its British antecedence and because Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel thought it would be unenforceable.
At some stage it was thought that Governors should be selected from a panel. The proposal for a Deputy Governor was dropped. Jayaprakash Narayan echoed an emerging view of the CA that the States could not have an elected Governor who would clash with the proposed electoral democracy for the States. Curiously, Narayan also argued the case for a Governor elected by proportionate representation. B.R. Ambedkar contradicted himself by saying that the Governor would be just a symbol and also have discretionary powers. On May 30-31, 1949, Brajeshwar Prasad moved an amendment saying that the Governor be appointed by the President. Most of the CA accepted this change. K.M. Munshi supported the proposal and Nehru intervened to say that "in the present context of the Constitution, [it] was not only desirable from a practical point of view but from a democratic point of view too, it was worthwhile and desirable". T.T. Krishnamachari felt that after the "frank speech of the Prime Minister" the discussion should stop and that the opposition to this concentration of power in the President was a "bogey".
ALSO READ: Use and abuse of Governors' powers
In the end, Ambedkar settled the debate by saying that the Governor's powers would be circumscribed by the Constitution and statutes. Tactically he left it to the CA, knowing that the amendment would be carried. Clearly, his optimistic assumption that Governors would respect the bounds of their discretion was way off the mark for the future. Several independent members expressed concern over the Governor's powers and the apprehension that the Governor would become an agent of the Centre. I am mentioning all this to show that many CA members were wary of the office of Governor as appointed by the President.
What is a good Governor?
Despite the differences expressed in the CA, Nehru spoke for all when he outlined what was expected of a Governor.
" I think it would be infinitely better if he was not so intimately connected with the local politics of the province…And would it not be better to have a more detached figure, obviously a figure that… must be acceptable to the Government of the province and yet he must not be known to be a part of the party machine of that province…. But on the whole it probably would be desirable to have people from outside—eminent people, sometimes people who have not taken too great a part in politics. Politicians would probably like a more active domain for their activities but there may be an eminent educationist or persons eminent in other walks of life, who would naturally while cooperating fully with the Government and carrying out the policy of the Government, at any rate helping in every way so that that policy might be carried out, he would nevertheless represent before the public someone slightly above the party and thereby, in fact, help that government more than if he was considered as part of the party machine."
"Unlike the legislatures, which are directly elected, the Governor's post is nominated and should respect the elected representatives in power. The method of communication needs to be discreet, dignified and non-confrontational."
After Indira Gandhi's misuse of the post in the 1960s, the Bhagwan Sahay-led Report of the Committee of Governors (1971) expected Governors to act according to the Constitution (wow!) but made a dangerous proposal:
"The Committee recommends that a special wing may be set up in the President's secretariat which would ascertain all the facts and circumstances relating to each situation which may arise from time to time requiring actions by a Governor in the exercise of his powers and the reasons for the action taken by him in a particular situation. The facts as ascertained could then be confidentially communicated to all the other Governors, with the permission of the President. This procedure would be of great assistance to the Governors in knowing authoritatively how and why a particular Governor took a certain action and the circumstances that led to it. The information would also help to establish a degree of uniformity in the treatment of situations where they may be found to be identical or similar, and perhaps even, in some cases, certain norms of action based on accepted canons of interpretation of the Constitution."
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, addressing a programme at Mehrauli, New Delhi, in October 1982. To her right are P. Venkatasubbaiah, Minister of State for Home Affairs, and Lt. Governor Jagmohan, who was close to her. Jagmohan was later made the Governor of Jammu & Kashmir. | Photo Credit: THE HINDU ARCHIVES
Effectively, it merely proposed the case of the good Governor acting on better information from the Centre. The Sarkaria Commission on Centre-State Relations in its report (1987) was more realistic in analysing the criticism relating to Governors (i) choosing Chief Minister, (ii) testing majorities (iii) dismissing Chief Minister (iv) dissolving the Legislative Assembly (v) recommending President's Rule (vi) reserving Bills for the President's consideration. The Sarkaria analysis was devastating, exposing everything wrong with Governors. As far as selecting a Chief Minister and the Cabinet was concerned, it used the test of "most likely to command a majority", whether as single party or combination. But most importantly, it suggested that if a Chief Minister does not have an absolute majority in the Assembly, s/he should seek a vote of confidence within 30 days of taking office. This meant that a minority government could never be selected to power. It listed the 75 times (in 37 years) that President's Rule was imposed in States and showed how Governors were hired and fired.
On the selection of Governors, it laid down criteria which were similar to Nehru's but came with the additional wisdom of hindsight.
4.6.09 We recommend that a person to be appointed as a Governor should satisfy the following criteria:-
(i) He should be eminent in some walk of life.
(ii) He should be a person from outside the State.
(iii) He should be a detached figure and not too intimately connected with the local politics of the State; and
(iv) He should be a person who has not taken too great a part in politics generally and particularly in the recent past.
It also said that the appointees of the ruling party should not be considered and the State to which the Governor is appointed should be consulted (ibid 4.6.19-21) even though it had not been done (ibid pr.4.6.22). To save the Governor's office from subversion had become impossible.
The National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC), also known as the Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah Commission, reiterated the Sarkaria Commission's report in many ways, as did the Punchhi Commission on the requirements of a good Governor. These concepts were approved by the Supreme Court in Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs Union of India & Anr. (2006) 2 SCC 1 at paras 46-62, 71.
The Punchhi Commission rightly summarises the role of Governors.
4.1.02 The Governor's role thereafter became increasingly controversial with allegations of partiality and lack of objectivity in exercise of the discretionary powers. The part played by some Governors, particularly in recommending President's Rule and in reserving State Bills for the consideration of the President, had evoked strong resentment. Frequent removals and transfers of Governors before the end of their tenure have also lowered the prestige of this office. Criticism has also been levelled that the Union Government utilises the Governors for its own political ends. Many Governors, looking forward to further office under the Union or active role in politics after their tenure, came to regard themselves as agents of the Union. The Governor thus became a major issue affecting the equation between the Centre and the States.
Modi's Governors
Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually changed all the Governors and Lieutenant Governors once he took over (See chart).
This included an ex-Chief Justice of India (P. Sathasivam), on what compulsions it is difficult to say. The three pre-Modi Governors were N.N. Vohra (Jammu & Kashmir), a much-favoured ex-Home Secretary; E.S.L. Narasimhan (Andhra Pradesh), who has had a tenure of over seven years in Andhra and also an Additional charge of Telangana from September 2, 2014; and S.C. Jamir (Odisha). Who can say that Kesri Nath Tripathi (West Bengal) and Kalyan Singh (Rajasthan) are not staunch supporters of the BJP? Tathagata Roy (Tripura) used social media to further the Hindutva cause, and Tripura is a "Left" bastion. Modi needed him and the others for tomorrow's mischief. In the Union Territories, all seven Lt. Governors were appointed by Modi, including the defeated Chief Ministerial candidate for the BJP in Delhi, Kiran Bedi, in Puducherry. Anil Baijal in Delhi was a self-confessed BJP supporter. Lt. Governor Najeeb Jung acted on instructions. I could profile all of them but that would be a digression.
We have to find a new method of appointing Governors. Consultation with State governments might not be enough since many State governments are supportive of the government in power in Delhi. All designated Governors should be summoned before an all-party Rajya Sabha committee for confirmation. It does not matter if the ruling party has a majority in the Rajya Sabha. Each Governor will be thoroughly interrogated, investigated and exposed on suitability. This process should be inserted by amendments in the Constitution. Guidelines should be added in a new schedule. If this is done, we would be doing no more than what the Constitution-makers and various commissions and committees intended.
Some of Modi's appointments proved to be a disgrace. Consider the case of the Meghalaya Governor, V. Shanmuganathan, who resigned on January 26, 2017, three days after a Shillong newspaper carried details of sexual harassment and 80 Raj Bhavan staff complained that he ran his official residence as a "young ladies' club". Why was he appointed? Because he was a pracharak of the RSS? In Arunachal Pradesh, Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa gave biased instructions to the legislature and then, on January 23, 2016, imposed President's Rule, which was conveniently withdrawn by Modi's government on February 19, 2016. What was done in Arunachal Pradesh is aspected in Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar's cut-paste judgment, which is also an example of how not to write a judgment. Of course, before and after Rajkhowa, the Governor of Arunachal was Tathagata Roy, who ousted Chief Minister Kalikho Pul following a judgment of the Supreme Court. Pul later died by suicide.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Meghalaya Governor V. Shanmuganathan and Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar in New Delhi in July 2015. | Photo Credit: MOORTHY RV
We move now to the Uttarakhand crises as manoeuvred by Governor K.K. Paul, former Commissioner of Police in Delhi and Governor of many States. The Congress-led United Progressive Alliance government made him the Governor of Meghalaya in 2013. After Modi won the general election in 2014, he became Governor of Manipur on September 16 of that year and on January 8, 2015, replaced Aziz Qureshi as Governor of Uttarakhand. By this time, he had lost his neutrality. This is what Chief Justice K.M. Joseph and V.K. Bisht of Uttarakhand had to say about the imposition of President's Rule in Uttarakhand.
"Starting from 18.03.2016, the BJP had, even according to the learned Attorney General, 'come out in the open with the 9 dissident Members of Congress'. When they write a letter to the President, we do not see how it can at all be taken at its face value. We do not think that it can be the material in the first place dehors any other objective material, for the imposition of President's Rule. It would, if it has been taken into consideration, be entirely extraneous and irrelevant, as the imposition of President's Rule would obviously be to the advantage of the BJP." [Para 58]
In a similar strain, the bench also said:
"We may just summarize and state that the present case, which was set into motion with 18.03.2016 as day one and saw an unfolding of events culminating in the Proclamation being issued in less than 10 days on 27.03.2016, brings to the fore a situation, where Article 356 has been used contrary to the law laid down by the Apex Court."[Para 96]
Apart from moving the CBI against Chief Minister Rawat under President's Rule, this case ended vindictively against Chief Justice K.M. Joseph. He is a meticulous and brilliant judge–certainly a primary candidate for elevation to the Supreme Court. The collegium led by Chief Justice Khehar passed him over. Khehar did not want controversies with the government. In the 2017 Assembly elections in Goa and Manipur, the Congress was in the lead in both States as the single largest party but was manipulated out of consideration by BJP Governors. The BJP won in Uttarakhand,a corruption ridden State, in 2022 after it had used President's Rule to destabilize the Rawat government in 2016. More recently, the non-BJP government in Madhya Pradesh (2020) and Maharashtra (2022) were ousted by money and muscle power with gubernatorial help.
Elections are India's greatest strength. The electorate speaks with perception, mood swings, is influenced by canvassing, and sees to its own interest. But the cause of elections perishes if Governors and Union Ministers behave like Kipling's "bandar log without the law". Some Governors are guilty of violating constitutional principles. The most important of these is appointing a Chief Minister in a hung Assembly. They have no concern for democratic principles or the importance of a people's mandate. We have to find a solution to the issue of the appointment of Governors. No less, of how they function.
Hyperactive Governors
The political style of Governors like Arif Mohammad Khan in Kerala has inaugurated a new style of governorship whereby the Governor has challenged his own government in the public domain as if the Governor were in the opposition. | Photo Credit: PTI
Virtually all Governors have been far from being politically neutral. However, the political style of Governors like Jagdeep Dhankhar in West Bengal and Arif Mohammad Khan in Kerala has inaugurated a new style of governorship whereby the Governor has challenged his own government in the public domain as if the Governor were in the opposition.
Under the Constitution, the Governor has direct control of the administration on the Centre's behalf when President's Rule is imposed under Article 356. Apart from this, the Governor has the right to information under Article 167 and can send messages to the House under Article 175. Beyond this and certain areas of discretionary power designated by the Constitution itself, the Governor has to act on the aid and advice of the Cabinet (Article 163).
Governor Dhankhar deemed it fit to summon officials including the Chief Secretary and Director General of Police to the Raj Bhavan and seek information directly about the government's functioning, bypassing the Cabinet and Ministers. He travelled to various places on non-ceremonial occasions as if he was the ruler of the State. Called "hyperactive", he had brushes with the Chief Minister, and the ruling Trinamool Congress (TMC) government accused him of being a BJP stooge under whom the Raj Bhavan served as an "RSS karyalaya". His repeated tweets against his own government led to the government blocking his Twitter account. On not being invited to the Jadavpur University convocation, he declared that education in Bengal had been "politically compromised" and "poisoned". In a public letter to Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, he declared that her rule was "authoritarian and undemocratic" and would spell the "death knell" for democracy. All these actions suggest (a) a bias against the ruling government (b) direct takeover of the administration (c) public attacks on the government in power (d) a possible prelude to President's Rule and (e) creating a constitutional breakdown himself. For all this he was rewarded with the Vice Presidency of the nation.
ALSO READ: Governors doing the Centre's bidding
Kerala Governor Arif Mohammad Khan has made several attempts to directly remove various Vice Chancellors while the government wants to amend the law to rule out ex-officio Governors from Chancellorship. This is now before the Supreme Court. Governor Khan's reaction was threatening as he accused the Left Democratic Front (LDF) government of bringing about "a collapse of constitutional machinery". This is no empty threat. His combativeness is evident when he says: "I would urge them to go ahead, create more problems, barge into Raj Bhavan if you [have] the guts, attack me on the road." He made personal attacks on Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan and commented on the alleged appointment of Communist Party of India (Marxist) cadre in the civil services. His stance is totally bereft of the dignity attached to the Governor's office. In 1959, the Kerala Left Front government was brought down by President's Rule following a breakdown in public order. Now Governor Khan threatens to do the same with public statements not worthy of his office.
Hyperactive governorship has changed the total discourse on gubernatorial powers as Governors publicly undermine the governments they serve and bring them down.
Since the 1960s, Governors have acted in a partisan way. This was virtually admitted by the Bhagwan Sahay Committee (1970s), the Sarkaria Commission, the NCRWC, and the Punchhi Commission (2010). However, these indictments have had no effect on constitutional governance and practice.
We need to seriously consider a few proposals: (a) Governors' appointment be screened by an all-party committee of the Rajya Sabha (b) Non-appointment of politicians (c) Guidelines on areas of discretionary power (such as selection of Chief Ministers, the dismissal of State governments and the imposition of President's Rule) (d) A code of conduct for Governors scheduled by amendment in the Constitution itself. More needs to be examined. Present-day Governors are not the wise men that the CA envisaged them as. They have sabotaged constitutional principles and cannot be permitted to continue to do so.
Rajeev Dhavan is a Senior Advocate practising in the Supreme Court of India.
There is considerable controversy over the role of the Governor.
After Indira Gandhi's misuse of the post in the 1960s, the Bhagwan Sahay-led Report of the Committee of Governors (1971) expected Governors to act according to the Constitution but effectively proposed the case of the good Governor acting on better information from the Centre.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually changed all the Governors and Lieutenant Governors once he took over. Some of Modi's appointments proved to be a disgrace.
We have to find a new method of appointing Governors.
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It has been one heck of ride!
Unfortunately, I am writing today to inform the great community, that as of December 31st, 2010, I will be leaving the Joe Shuster Awards.
For the past five years, I have been part of the JSA, in some fashion. Those five years have been fun, educational and informative for me. If it wasn't for these Awards, I would not have known the amount of creators that have come from (and are part of) this great country of Canada, nor would I have paid as much attention to their works.
I won't go through a full time line of my time with the JSA, but it did start at the end of 2005, when I joined the nominating committee (reviewing the works in 2005, for the awards that took place in 2006). I reviewed a lot of works that I might not have considered getting when I was just browsing in the comic shops on new release day, while determining nominees for that year. This process alone, gave me greater appreciation to the works of Canadian Creators, many that I still follow to this day. This appreciation has continued to grow while I have been working on the weekly releases and compiling the eligible list. Though I am leaving the Awards, my appreciation remains and will continue to going into the future.
Because of my departure, please direct your emails to kevin@joeshusterawards.com, robert@joeshusterawards.com, or info@joeshusterawards.com, as my old jason@joeshusterawards.com email address will no longer be in use.
I would like to Thank Kevin Boyd, for the initial email back in 2005 asking if I would like to join the nominating committee, and for being a great friend over the years. I would also like to thank the rest of members of the Joe Shuster Awards Executive Committee (Robert, Allison, Tyrone, Chris, and Andrew), for their tireless effort with putting on these Awards.
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Artwork by Valentine De Landro. Inks by Pat Davidson. Cover by David Finch.
Adventures of Rabbit and Bear Paws in the 21st century: One Laptop Per Child program Little Spirit Bear Productions, publisher of the graphic novel series Adventures of Rabbit and Bear Paws, have licensed 10,000 graphic novel ebooks of volume one, "The Sugar Bush" (5000) and volume three, "True Hearts" (5000) to The Belinda Stronach Foundation, who is sponsoring the One Laptop Program in Canada for Aboriginal Youth ages 6-12.
Aboriginal youth is the fastest-growing population in Canada, but many do not have access to the tools they need to realize their full potential. The Little Spirit Bear Productions family is honoured to be a part of this amazing program.
Adventures of Rabbit and Bear Paws is a fresh and funny graphic novel series for the young and the young at heart. The series in based on the Seven Grandfathers of Respect, Bravery, Love, Honesty, Humility, Wisdom and Truth, and is rapidly gaining enthusiastic fans for its vibrant and entertaining images of customary traditions and oral history.
Written, Artwork, Colours, and Cover by Alison Acton.
Stories Written and Artwork by Dave Lapp and Bryan Lee O'Malley. Cover by Michael Cho.
Artwork by Marcus To and Kaare Andrews. Colours by Kaare Andrews.
Artwork by Bryan Lee O'Malley.
Inks and Cover by Todd McFarlane.
Written, Artwork, Colours and Cover by Seth.
Adaptation Written, Artwork, Colours and Cover by Darwyn Cooke.
Artwork by Bernard Chang. Colours by Blond.
Artwork and Colours by Fiona Staples.
Written by Kathryn Immonen. Written and Artwork by Faith Erin Hicks. Artwork and Colours by Agnes Garbowska. Colours by Ronda Pattison.
Inks by Terry Pallot. Cover Colours by Dave McCaig.
Variant Cover by Francis Manapul.
Artwork and Cover by Steve McNiven. Colours by Dave McCaig.
Artwork by Tom Fowler, Niko Henrichon, and/or Cameron Stewart.
Variant Cover by Stephen Sadowski.
Written by Jim Zubkavich. Artwork, Colours and Cover by Omar Dogan.
Artwork, Colours and Cover by Chris Bachalo.
Colours by Blond and Dave McCaig.
Artwork by Bernard Chang and Francis Manapul. Colours by Blond.


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Geometry and the Artist-Scientist
January 24, 2012 By nublockmuseum
One of the highlights of Prints and the Pursuit of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe at the Block Museum is a series of dazzlingly elaborate etchings of complex geometrical shapes, found in the Alsdorf Gallery portion of the exhibition, by the German artist Jost Amman. The prints are plates from an influential book by Wenzel Jamnitzer, a promiment Nuremberg goldsmith, published in 1568.
Northwestern University art history graduate student Kathleen Tahk, who contributed to the Prints and the Pursuit of Knowledge catalogue, spoke with Medill School undergraduate Claire C. Brown about the work of Amman and Jamnitzer.
Q: Who were Jost Amman and Wenzel Jamnitzer and how did they work together?
A: Amman and Jamnitzer were both artists active in 16th-century Nuremburg. By trade, Jamnitzer worked as a goldsmith, and his workshop produced pieces for many princely collections throughout Europe, particularly for the Hapsburg Emperors Maximilian II and Rudolf II. Jamnitzer's activities, however, extended far beyond metalwork to include the composition of a theoretical treatise (the Perspectiva corporum regularium) and the design of scientific instruments.
Less is known about Amman, who was not as prominent during his life as Jamnitzer. He was an etcher/engraver, who collaborated with several different artists. His primary project with Jamnitzer was the Perspectiva, for which he produced all of the plates, probably after drawings by Jamnitzer himself. In essence, Amman translated Jamnitzer's designs into the detailed and crisply etched forms, which are so striking in the prints.
Q: What was the significance and impact of their major collaboration, the Perspectiva corporum regularium?
With the Perspectiva Jamnitzer produced his own unique contribution to the study of geometrical bodies. The book focuses on the five Platonic solids, which were a major subject of interest for Jamnitzer's contemporaries, and develops from them a series of complex permutations of form. The final plates of the book increasingly elaborate geometrical structures, which call to mind some of Jamnitzer's own virtuoso metalwork. One of the most striking features of the Perspectiva is the dominance of image over text—the vast majority of its pages are illustrations—which suggests that Jamnitzer considered these visual representations to provide access to a knowledge of geometric form that a textual explanation could not provide.
Though the Perspectiva is the only book Jamnitzer published, its impact seems to have been significant. It circulated widely, especially at the Hapsburg court. Perhaps most significantly, the astronomer Johannes Kepler, one of the most important scientific minds of the period, owned a copy, which many even have influenced his 1596 model of the planetary orbits based on the Platonic solids.
Q: In Amman's portrait of Jamnitzer, Jamnitzer is depicted looking very much like a scientist. Why do you think Amman chose to portray him like this rather than in a more artistic-looking way?
A: Amman's portrait of Jamnitzer is indeed striking because it does not include any signs of his professional identity as a goldsmith. Instead, Jamnitzer appears in the guise of a bearded scholar, operating a perspective machine of his own devising. This portrayal of Jamnitzer reflects his own self-conception as an artist-scientist, who integrated artisanal practice with scientific observation. When the portrait was made, Jamnitzer already had a prominent reputation as a goldsmith, and this image seems to be an attempt to redefine his identity as a scholar rather than a mere craftsman. Jamnitzer's desire to move from the status of artisan to that of scholar points to the convergence of art and science at this moment in early modern Europe, which the exhibition investigates.
Q: What was the experience of contributing entries to a major catalogue like for you?
A: I was extremely fortunate to have the opportunity to contribute to the catalogue for such an significant exhibition. My involvement in the catalogue came out of a graduate seminar in fall 2009 with Professor Claudia Swan, where we had the pleasure of a visit from Susan Dackerman, who was then organizing the exhibition. I have a longstanding interest in Jamnitzer, so it was very satisfying to see him included in the catalogue and even more satisfying to be able to write the entries. Because the exhibition was organized at Harvard, I had to compose my entries here in Chicago while in long-distance correspondence with Susan Dackerman. As a result, the opening of the show here at the Block is especially exciting for me, since this is my first chance to see the full exhibition with which I have been involved for so long.
IMAGES: Jost Amman, after Wenzel Jamnitzer, Plate AV, from Jamnitzer, Perspectiva corporum regularium, Nuremberg, 1568, etching. New Hollstein, 44.6, Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München, 14988D. Detail from Jost Amman, Portrait of Wenzel Jamnitzer: Goldsmith, Mathematician, Instrument Maker, c. 1572–75, etching. Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Anonymous Fund for the Acquisition of Prints Older than 150 Years, 2007.189. Photo: Department of Digital Imaging and Visual Resources, Harvard Art Museums, © 2011 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Kathleen Tahk and fellow graduate student Stephanie Glickman will discuss Wenzel Jamnitzer in depth when they lead the gallery talk Geometry and the Artist Scientist on Thursday, January 26 at 6 pm.
The catalogue Prints and the Pursuit of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe is available in the Block Museum's book shop.
StudentsEarly Modern Europe, European art, Prints
← Knowledge | Replication: Early Modern Sciences in Print
Collection Spotlight: Builders No. 3, Jacob Lawrence →


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Q: Big Query: Why are table previews no longer available after August 5, 2014? I have a process that generates new tables every day. I used to be able to preview the tables to see the first five rows of the table. I can still do so, but only for tables created on or before August 5, 2014. The newer tables show the message:
Preview is not currently available for this table.
I have made no changes to my processes that could explain this change.
Is there a problem? Are previews just delayed now? Or, is the preview feature going away?

A: I tried both accessing sample datasets an creating a new table with sample data and in both cases I could see table preview.
Do you still have this issue? Maybe there could be some delay to access preview after creating large tables.
Regards
Paolo

A: I have noticed that if a table is loaded as EXTERNAL (happened to me when I by hand load in a table with the UI from google drive) it does not show "preview" option. This makes some sense, if you think of it, Since the BigQuery knows there is a file somewhere else where-to the table is linked... saying perhaps: go look at it there.  (in this case for instance I am able to switch a value in my google sheet and, without running any function, it updates in bigquery).
When I loaded the tables through a csv upload script only - they show up with 'preview' and also seem unlinked from their original upload files.

A: This can happen simply because the table is empty. I kept hitting reload and seeing it. The moment the table had data, it showed up.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: MVC5: Allow user to only view and edit their own information I created a scaffold based on one of my tables.  I'm now trying to figure out how to allow the user to only view/edit data that is the same as their userID.
Right now it displays all the data from that table and allows for editing of all users.  I need to be able to limit it to only the user that is currently logged in.
Please let me know if I can give any more details.
Controller
    public class ClientViewStaffController : Controller
{
    private TpsEntities db = new TpsEntities();

    // GET: ClientViewStaff
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        return View(db.staffTables.ToList());
    }

    // GET: ClientViewStaff/Details/5
    public ActionResult Details(int? id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        staffTable staffTable = db.staffTables.Find(id);
        if (staffTable == null)
        {
            return HttpNotFound();
        }
        return View(staffTable);
    }

    // GET: ClientViewStaff/Create
    public ActionResult Create()
    {
        return View();
    }

    // POST: ClientViewStaff/Create
    // To protect from overposting attacks, please enable the specific properties you want to bind to, for
    // more details see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=317598.
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public ActionResult Create([Bind(Include = "staffID,staffFirstName,staffLastName,staffTitle,staffAddress,staffCity,staffState,staffZip,staffExperience,staffEducation,desiredSalary,staffProfession,staffAvailibity,staffPhoto,staffEmail,staffPhoneNum,userID")] staffTable staffTable)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            db.staffTables.Add(staffTable);
            db.SaveChanges();
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }

        return View(staffTable);
    }

    // GET: ClientViewStaff/Edit/5
    public ActionResult Edit(int? id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        staffTable staffTable = db.staffTables.Find(id);
        if (staffTable == null)
        {
            return HttpNotFound();
        }
        return View(staffTable);
    }

    // POST: ClientViewStaff/Edit/5
    // To protect from overposting attacks, please enable the specific properties you want to bind to, for
    // more details see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=317598.
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Include = "staffID,staffFirstName,staffLastName,staffTitle,staffAddress,staffCity,staffState,staffZip,staffExperience,staffEducation,desiredSalary,staffProfession,staffAvailibity,staffPhoto,staffEmail,staffPhoneNum,userID")] staffTable staffTable)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            db.Entry(staffTable).State = EntityState.Modified;
            db.SaveChanges();
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
        return View(staffTable);
    }

    // GET: ClientViewStaff/Delete/5
    public ActionResult Delete(int? id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        staffTable staffTable = db.staffTables.Find(id);
        if (staffTable == null)
        {
            return HttpNotFound();
        }
        return View(staffTable);
    }

    // POST: ClientViewStaff/Delete/5
    [HttpPost, ActionName("Delete")]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public ActionResult DeleteConfirmed(int id)
    {
        staffTable staffTable = db.staffTables.Find(id);
        db.staffTables.Remove(staffTable);
        db.SaveChanges();
        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }

    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            db.Dispose();
        }
        base.Dispose(disposing);
    }
}
}

View (Index.cshtml)

        First Name

        Last Name

        @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.staffState)

        @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.staffExperience)

        @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.staffEducation)

        @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.desiredSalary)

        @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.staffProfession)

        @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.staffAvailibity)

@foreach (var item in Model)
{

            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.staffFirstName)

            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.staffLastName)

            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.staffState)

            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.staffExperience)

            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.staffEducation)

            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.desiredSalary)

            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.staffProfession)

            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.staffAvailibity)

            @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id = item.staffID }) |

}

View (Details.cshtml)

Staff View

        First Name

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffFirstName)

        Last Name

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffLastName)

        Title

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffTitle)

        Address

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffAddress)

        City

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffCity)

        State

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffState)

        Zip Code

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffZip)

        Experience

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffExperience)

        Education

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffEducation)

        Salary

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.desiredSalary)

        Profession

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffProfession)

        Availability

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffAvailibity)

        Photo

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffPhoto)

        Email

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffEmail)

        Phone Number

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.staffPhoneNum)

        User ID

        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.userID)

    @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id = Model.staffID }) |
   @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")

A: You can implement something like this in the Edit, Details GET action.
var loggedInUser = GetUserId(HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name);
if (id != loggedInUser)
{
    return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
}

You can also abstract this away from the controller and put in an Action Filter. Action filters in ASP.NET MVC are C# attributes that separate specific concerns such as security.

A: Decorate your Edit action with [Authorize] attribute
[Authorize]
public ActionResult Edit(int? id)
{
    if (id == null)
    {
        return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
    }
    staffTable staffTable = db.staffTables.Find(id);
    if (staffTable == null)
    {
        return HttpNotFound();
    }
    return View(staffTable);
}

Then hide your edit action for non-logged in users.
First add @using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity to top of your view and then use below code on view.
@if (Request.IsAuthenticated)
{
    @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id = Model.staffID })
}

Edited for comment
As you know that anything you need to restrict non-authenticated users (non-logged in), you have to use [Authorize] attribute as I mentioned.
You didn't mentioned what you exactly restrict access in your question.
If you want to restrict access all your content to the non authenticate user, then add [Authorize] attribute to your controller as below.
[Authorize]
public class ClientViewStaffController : Controller
{

}

Then all the actions restricted for logged in users only. Is that what you looking for?

A: I think your missing something about entity framework in combination with Linq aka Linq-to-entities.
Your can write queries against your ef model using Linq. For details see MSDN.
What your basically doing is writing a query in c# and entity framework will convert this query to a sql select statement and run this against your database.
Using this approach your question becomes real simple. Just write a query which fits your needs. Something like this could work
public IEnumerable<> FetchData(string userId)
{
    return (
       from item in this.db.staffTables
       where item.UserId == userId
       select item
       ).ToArray();
}

A far better approach would be to hide your entity framework model from your controller and use a repository in between. The repository would typically implement four functions: GetData()', 'Create()', 'Update() and Delete(). In each method you would check if the user is authorized for the action to perform or return only data that the user is authorized to get.


text:
News, Reviews and Features NEWS: See Kashyap Raja's 'mesmerising & transcendent' Earth – A Children's Story for Adults at the Bridewell Theatre
NEWS: See Kashyap Raja's 'mesmerising & transcendent' Earth – A Children's Story for Adults at the Bridewell Theatre
In Featured Shows, London theatre, Native, News, Other Recent Articles, Plays, Press Releases by Featured Content 23rd January 2023
Buy tickets for Earth – A Children's Story for Adults
After creating the "absorbing and provocative" Version 2.0 and the "eminently lovable" Letters, Kashyap Raja returns to London with his new play Earth – A Children's Story for Adults at London's Bridewell Theatre from 31 January to 4 February 2023 (press night is 1 February 2023).
In this new piece, featuring performances from Vanessa Toral Diaz and Tim Atkinson, Raja creates a mesmerising and transcendent world in which Earth takes a human form and tells the story of a boy, Drop.
Drop, a little boy, dreams of becoming an astronaut. Every night he looks at the sky and wonders about the existence of stars and planets. Earth takes a human form and quenches his curiosity by narrating stories about the Sun, the moon and the little stars shining in the sky.
They begin to form a transcendent bond, but a natural calamity wrecks their lives and compels Drop to begin a voyage to an alternate planet. Earth warns him that no one in the Universe will accept humans and their only hope is to save Earth. Bewildered by the challenges of finding a new world and confused by the existential crisis of nature, Drop finally asks Earth: why does she only talk to him?
"Letters is a necessary watch as a means of exploring the building of a bond" – Theatre Full Stop on Letters
Earth – A Children's Story for Adults is reminiscent of the mystical and curious connection we have with nature as a child and why it's important to nurture this connection as we grow up. Hence, a children's story for adults.
Also in the creative team are Carey Chomsoonthorn (lighting) and Meghan Bartual Smyth and Charlie Heptinstall (stage management). The staging is presented by Fourth Wall Productions.
Only, could you remove Monika's name as stage designer and instead put – Stage Management by Meghan Bartual Smyth and Charlie Heptinstall.
Kashyap Raja is an Indian playwright who has been writing, directing and producing plays in London for the past five years, including at the Edinburgh and Camden Fringe festivals. In 2018, his play Version 2.0 was performed in the Leicester Square Theatre. His last play Letters was performed at the Network Theatre and then made its return at the Brockley Jack Studio Theatre.
Vanessa Toral Diaz is trained in the Meissner and Chubbuck techniques and has taken part in micro-theatre pieces like an adaptation of Whatever Happened to Baby Jane and has also collaborated in short films like Catch Much Match and Roots. Her most recent work in theatre was in the critically acclaimed new play Shards, that was part of the Camden Fringe Festival in 2019.
Tim Atkinson is currently employed as an actor-interpreter by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust and is currently on a tour of Macbeth with them. He regularly performs in theatre, has done numerous short films and has recently completed a feature film called Clay's Redemption.
Earth – A Children's Story for Adults runs at the Bridewell Theatre, St Bride Foundation, 14 Bride Lane, Fleet Street, EC4Y 8EQ from 31 January to 3 February 2023 (7.30pm), 4 February (3.30pm). Tickets: £12 to £15 (plus fee). Running time: 90 minutes. CLICK HERE TO PURCHASE!
MyTheatreMates works with a select number of high-quality London and regional productions on Featured Content campaigns. If you'd like your show content featured on our website and social media channels, contact us.
Tags: Bridewell Theatre, Earth: A Children's Story for Adults, Featured Show, Kashyap Raja, Tim Atkinson, Vanessa Toral Diaz


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Recommendations for Kevin Fink
These recommendations are from my LinkedIn profile, but since they are only visible to LinkedIn members, I have copied them here for others to see. There may be more on my actual profile, so I'd recommend signing up for LinkedIn and viewing them there. Even if you don't want to see them there, I'd still recommend joining LinkedIn - it's a cool service.
SVP Engineering / Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
WhitePages.com, Inc.
"Kevin's technical insight, troubleshooting skills and dedication to delivering a high quality product combine to make him a terrific CTO and valuable contributor at any company. Kevin successfully drove the growth of a six person engineering department to over fifty people while instilling a sense of ownership and agility in all of the Engineers. Kevin is not only a gifted leader but also a respected mentor and dependable team member. It was truly a privilege to work with Kevin over the last four years and I hope to have the opportunity to work with him again someday." February 1, 2007
Steve Baylis, Lead Architect, WhitePages.com Inc
reported to Kevin at WhitePages.com, Inc.
"I had the pleasure of working very closely with Kevin and his teams at WhitePages for four years. Kevin was a key exec, leader and contributor in the company's growth from 20 people / $5mm revenue to 150+ people / $50+mm in revenue. He is an incredibly smart and practical CTO with very sound business acumen. He would be a leadership asset to any fast-growing technology company facing technical and business challenges / opportunities. He oversaw the architecture and development of a system that supported the meteoric growth of an internet success story at WhitePages.com. He has an "A" game, and I would welcome the chance to work with Kevin in the future." January 29, 2007
Rob Voce, SVP, Product Group, WhitePages.com
worked with Kevin at WhitePages.com, Inc.
"I recommend Kevin very highly- he is extremely knowledgeable in a wide variety of topics, easy to work with, and a very clear and analytical thinker. I feel strongly that Kevin would be both an important and strategic hire for any company. I am providing this reference in my personal capacity, and not on behalf of WhitePages.com." January 29, 2007
Eric Lesh, Senior Product Manager, W3Data
"I was fortunate enough to work with Kevin while at WhitePages.com. He is a top-tier developer/manager that I would recommend on those factors alone. But he also has the rare ability to communicate and connect with all strategic areas of a business and to focus the attention of himself and his team on those common goals. I full-heartedly recommend Kevin to any organization lucky enough to get his consideration." January 25, 2007
Darren Dalasta, Search Engine Marketing Manager, WhitePages.com Inc.
worked indirectly for Kevin at WhitePages.com, Inc.
"It was a pleasure working with Kevin during my time at WhitePages.com. His technical knowledge, attention to detail, and ability to maintain an exceptional engineering team was inspiring. I highly recommend Kevin to any technical leadership position." January 22, 2007
Chase Taylor, Advertising Systems Analyst, WhitePages.com, Inc.
"Kevin created an incredible work environment at WhitePages.com: vibrant, creative, challenging, and supportive. He clearly conveyed his high standards to the entire engineering department while empowering us to use our own initiative and creativity. This combination of organizational structure and intellectual freedom made Whitepages.com a very, very special place to work. Kevin's brilliance, drive, and leadership talent combined with his broad knowlege base and techinical skills make him an ideal Chief Techincal Officer for any company fortunate enough to have him." January 15, 2007
Yitzchak Scott-Thoennes, Sr. Software Engineer II, WhitePages.com, Inc
"One of the things that attracted me to WhitePages.com was the opportunity to work with highly experienced & successful innovators like Kevin Fink. Kevin is a great visionary and successful team leader with a long track record of achievement. I witnessed Kevin successfully manage a variety of simultaneous projects while successfully motivating his team and consistently exceeding company goals and objectives. Combined with his wide range of experience and ability to identify strategic opportunities and cutting edge solutions makes Kevin a great CTO. I highly recommend Kevin to any company looking for a hands-on technology focused leader determined on delivering innovative and market leading results." January 7, 2007
Scott Wine, Product Manager, WhitePages.com
"I unreservedly recommend Kevin Fink. While Kevin served as WhitePages.com's CTO, he impressed me - not only with his in-depth knowledge of technology - but with his knowledge of product design, program and project management, and (even!) sales and marketing. He is extraordinarily multi-talented. I learned as much from Kevin, simply by listening to his insights, as I have from many reporting reletionships in my career. Kevin approaches challenges with preparation and attention to detail. His insight into problem solving are almost always accompanied by real-world example or hard data. One characteristic I observed with Kevin that is not always the case with technologists is his ROI-mindedness. He demonstrated a proficiency to deliver the best possible product within the guidelines and limitations of the business and technology. I want to thank Kevin for having the opportunity to work with him and learn from him. Thanks Kevin!" January 5, 2007
Bobby Cox, Sr. Manager, CS Operations and Privacy, WhitePages.com Inc
"I had the pleasure of working under Kevin for nearly three years at Whitepages.com. Without hesitation, I can say that he was the finest technologist and leader I've ever had the opportunity to work with. He brings a unique blend of technical acumen, managerial expertise, and savvy leadership to each of his endeavors. Any company would be lucky to have Kevin on its team and I'd welcome the opportunity to work with him in the future." January 4, 2007
Craig Simmons, Director of Product Development, Whitepages.com
"Kevin is great to work with. He is very intelligent, forthright, innovative, rock solid in his thinking, and a general joy to be around. I always feel that I can explore ideas with him and walk away with even a better idea that can actually work. I look forward to any chance I have of working with him in the future." January 3, 2007
Jeremy McKenzie, Program Manager of Premium Services and Account Services, WhitePages.com
"Kevin was CTO when I joined WhitePages. Under his leadership we more than doubled the size of the engineering group as the company grew, while maintaining the fastest paced development environment I have ever seen. Kevin was an effective leader at all levels: setting broad goals, managing engineering resources, making detailed technical decisions, or even contributing code when needed. He earned the respect of everyone he worked with, while empowering engineers to do their best work. Top notch in every respect." January 2, 2007
Bruce Baker-Harvey, QA Manager, WhitePages.com
"I consider it to have been more than an enriching experience having worked under the most competent, distinguished and accomplished CTO I have had the pleasure to work with. Witnessing the Engineering department nearly double in size since my inception at WhitePages.com, many dozens of high-impact projects roll through the department all while sustaining an extremely dynamic and efficient SDLC and an encapsulated development environment that fully accommodates the speed and efficiency we have been able to carry; all while empowering a culture that has continued to be extremely enjoyable and fulfilling. All attributes I can"™t imagine would have materialized without the calculated direction put forth by Kevin. Given another opportunity to work with Kevin, I would take in less than a heartbeat. Given any of my colleagues; past, present or future having an opportunity to work under Kevin"™s executive direction, I would highly recommend they take it as well." January 2, 2007
Trevor Hall, Software Engineer, WhitePages.com, Inc.
"Kevin is without question the most capable and knowledgeable CTO I've ever worked with in my career. I strongly recommend him to any CTO or similar position for which he feels he"™s qualified. Kevin is able to balance a suite of competing and often mutually-exclusive company goals, translating them into clear directions for his department so we can execute plans in the company"™s best interests. Unlike the average CTO, Kevin has both the ability to discuss and defend difficult decisions in Board and executive meetings and the raw technical skills to drop-down into real coding. During an especially time-sensitive project I was managing, Kevin was able (and eager) to drop in to help write a small component of the code-base. While this was an exception to the rule, it clearly demonstrated to the whole team they could trust Kevin as he made longer-term strategic decisions and represented Engineering to the rest of the company. Personally, I was always impressed with Kevin"™s sphere of knowledge; he seemed equally the expert in software development, hardware, networking, and advanced (and cutting-edge) computer science theories such as genetic algorithms, neural networks, and beyond. I would eagerly work with Kevin again if given the opportunity, as I"™m sure the vast majority of our Engineering department would as well." December 30, 2006
Gryphon Shafer, Development Manager, WDDC, WhitePages.com
"I really learned a lot under Kevin's leadership here at Whitepages.com. What he has done while working here will continue to be a positive influence in this company for years to come. He has a vast breadth and depth of technical knowledge, and combines that with excellent business skills for a winning combination as a CTO. He'll be missed here, but will be a strong asset to another company." December 29, 2006
Mitch Sheean, Production Systems Engineer, whitepages.com Inc.
"Kevin brings vision, purpose & drive out of chaos. He traverses the inherent politics of an executive positon while still being a leader of geeks. This is someone the development team truly WANTS to have around during a major product launch - and someone I would gladly work for again." December 29, 2006
Alex Camacho, Development Manager, Whitepages.com Inc.
"I had the opportunity to work with Kevin over the course of several years during his employment at WhitePages.com. I am pleased to say he has a great intellect and brilliant ability to debug complex problems. Kevin is a resourceful, creative, and solution-oriented person who is sincere and highly respected within the development community." December 28, 2006
Gary Samson, Development Manager, WhitePages.com Inc.
"Kevin possesses tremendous knowledge of his field and continues to search out the best in new technologies. He maintains an excellent balance between incorporating new innovations and maintaining existing systems to handle heavy usage. I have known Kevin as an outgoing member of the Seattle area software community for a decade, and consider myself lucky to have worked with him for the past two years." December 28, 2006
Colin Meyer, Software Architect, Whitepages.com, Inc.
"As part of the development team at WhitePages.com, Inc, I was able to work directly with Kevin and discuss alternative technologies and solutions. Kevin has a variety of experience in many different fields, and with that experience he is able to offer many directions to approach a problem. He uses the advice of people both above and below him to find the best solution to a problem or issue. Kevin is not afraid to get hands on in the process and I would look forward to working with him again in the future." December 27, 2006
Don Shanks, Senior Software Engineer, WhitePages.com, Inc.
"Kevin is a great asset to the team. He's capable of providing vision for entire engineering departments and pragmatic enough to focus on business needs and objectives. He's whip-smart, has no ego and is not afraid to roll up his sleeves and help out where possible. Working with Kevin has been a pleasure." December 27, 2006
Scott Reagan, Director of Program Management, WhitePages.com, Inc.
"As the dedicated recruiter for the Engineering Department at Whitepages.com, I worked with Kevn and all those who reported to him. Unequivocally, in my nearly 8 years of technical recruiting, Kevin's group is the best run, most efficient, effective and content bunch I've ever worked with. Kevin's professionalism, leadership and intelligence is the highest and best I've witnessed, period. I found it extremely easy to recruit for Kevin's teams because the atmosphere that he described to me, which, in turn I descibed to our candidates, is exactly what they found when the candidates were hired. This 'congruency' caused these new hires to be more than willing to refer others that they respected, who, in turn, were hired as well. This allowed us to build a very high quality and cohesive team, whose members respected and liked each other. And, needless to say, this made my job much easier. Kevin is a technology leader, who is always involved in finding new and better ways to make software work and is never afraid to get his hands dirty. He led our own think tank incubator, from which many new ideas were hatched. And many were the times when a developer would pop his head into Kevin's office late in the day, to bounce an idea off of him, in an effort to try to solve a problem that the developer had been grappling with all day. Kevin comes with the highest of recommendations." December 27, 2006
Daina Wilburn, Recruiter, Whitepages.com
"Kevin Fink was an excellent boss and mentor to me and I highly recommend him for any technology/management role to which he is applying. I would not have stayed at Whitepages.com if he hadn't have been hired. I am truly sorry he has left. Besides being an great manager of people, he did an excellent job of mapping out and implimenting the technology at Whitepages.com that allowed us to grow revenue by 2,600% over his 4 year tenure. He greatly increased uptime while lowering our operational costs. We owe a great deal of our success as a company to his knowledge and creativity." December 27, 2006
Eric Meixner, Senior Manager, Ad Serving, Whitepages.com, Inc
"I knew Kevin as the CTO of N2H2 before he was at W3 Data and he knows his stuff. He managed the world's largest Linux network there too." April 19, 2004
Drummond Reed
was with another company when working with Kevin at WhitePages.com, Inc.
DataChannel / Netegrity
"Kevin is a very detail oriented manager who has very good rapport with his dev people and can motivate creative solutions to constantly changing requirements. Kevin is a very level-headed and methodical thinker." January 5, 2007
Carla Corkern, VP, Professional Services and Training, DataChannel
managed Kevin indirectly at DataChannel / Netegrity
"Kevin was a knowledgeable resource and a skilled leader in all areas where we collaborated. His technical ability and people skills made it easier for my team to do our work and contributed greatly to the overall quality of our projects." December 29, 2006
Robert Heuer, Mgr, Business Analysis & Information, DataChannel
worked directly with Kevin at DataChannel / Netegrity
N2H2, Inc.
"I worked with Kevin from day -60 of N2H2. I still remember, and live by Kevin's favorite motto: "If it's not scalable, it's not worth doing" I have always been impressed with Kevin"™s technical ability to see how to scale systems to meet monumental demands. What has been even more impressive (and valuable) is his ability to inspire and manage people that he works with. His business sense and ability to manage and inspire staff to produce products that work, and scale is the best I have ever had the pleasure to work with. I can highly recommend Kevin to lead your organization." February 3, 2007
Bob Stahr, Director, Special Projects, N2H2
worked indirectly for Kevin at N2H2, Inc.
"Kevin Fink is the most technical and competent CTO I have worked for or with. He created the technology N2H2 was founded on and drove the technological direction of the company. Just before I started working for him, Kevin guided N2H2 through becoming a public company. Consequentially he is firmly grounded on the business side in addition to his technical skills. I found Kevin to be one of the best managers I've ever had, and he is one of my favorite people to work with." January 14, 2007
Douglas Leonard, Software Engineer, N2H2, Inc.
reported to Kevin at N2H2, Inc.
"Kevin is an extraordinarily talented CTO and is gifted at understanding and incorporating new technologies into the development process to create a development environment that is both fun and inspiring. I reported directly to Kevin for about 3 years at N2H2 where he provided me with extremely helpful guidance as I progressed through software development and database development positions. I also worked directly with Kevin at WhitePages.com in a management capacity where he instilled a sense of efficiency and scale into the development organization while maintaining a creative environment. Kevin is sure to be a key component of success for any company fortunate enough to hire him. I would feel priveleged to have the opportunity to work with Kevin again." January 11, 2007
Robley Brown, Software Developer, N2H2
"Kevin has become my gold standard by which I measure technical excellence. His extensive understanding of technology and how it fits into the business make him a proven problem solver. Kevin is the inspiration that set me in pursuit of my current career. He hired me as a novice developer and provided the materials and challenges I needed to grow; both as a software developer and as a leader." January 10, 2007
Andrew Sweger, Engineering Manager, N2H2, Inc.
"I had the pleasure of working with Kevin from the very beginning at N2H2 as it grew from a small outfit with a handful of people to a multimillion-dollar public corporation with over 300 employees. In that time he proved himself a very intelligent, wise, and capable leader of engineering--not to mention a great and likable person to work with all around." January 2, 2007
Larry Gilbert, Software engineer, N2H2 (now Secure Computing)
"During my employment at N2H2 I was the General Counsel of the organization. I interacted with Kevin on a daily basis and found his intelligence, professionalism, commitment to producing a solid product, and his interpersonal skills to be exceptional. I would work again with Kevin without hesistation." December 29, 2006
Dwayne King, Licensing Manager, Microsoft
managed Kevin indirectly at N2H2, Inc.
"I worked with Kevin for approximately 3 years and can recommend him highly. Probably most notable was his ability to foresee the near future and design the system technology around that. Some of the tools, processes, or system he originally designed is still being used 8 years later by a company that acquired it. Engineers I currently work with have repeatedly commented about the wisdom in his initial system architecture and coding choices." December 29, 2006
Shannon Cole, Content Solutions Specialist, Secure Computing
"I worked with Kevin from the N2H2 start-up days to close to its buy-out end. Throughout this period Kevin was always the "brain" behind the product and directed the product development. He always amazed me with his technical knowledge and his ability to get involved with both software and hardware problems. As the company grew, I was not close to Kevin but worked with IT staff that regarded Kevin as the technical leader and final decider of programming and hardware strategy. I would not hesitate to recommend Kevin as a CTO in any environment." December 29, 2006
Michael Hoodes, Dial-up Coordinator, N2H2
"Kevin is one of the smartest guys I have ever worked with and an effective CTO. He grasps the big picture and sweats the details with a voracious capacity for knowledge and understanding, coupled with a high performance dedication to excellence and productivity. I recommend him highly." December 29, 2006
Dave Arnold, Chief Operating Officer, N2H2, Inc.
Return to Kevin Fink's Resume


text:
Athens Macedonian News Agency: News in English, 13-09-29
Athens News Agency: News in English Directory - Previous Article - Next Article
[01] The tough part is over, Prime Minister Samaras says
Prime Minister Antonis Samaras on Sunday launched his visit to the United Stated by attending mass at Saint Nikolaos Church in Flushing, N.Y. officiated by Archbishop Demetrios of America.
Addressing the faithful comprising members of the Greek-American community, he sent a message of optimism, underlining that Greece is going through difficult times but it will stand on its feet, noting that it has covered most of the distance and soon will exit the labyrinth.
"The Greek people have tasted the bitterness brought by the talk about our country's exit from the eurozone and felt the defeat on all fronts of the economy. With pride and sobriety they left the difficulties behind. Nobody talks about a Grexit anymore. Greece will set an example for Europe," he said.
The prime minister referred to the latest events and arrests of ultra-right Chryssi Avgi (GD) MPs and cadres saying "as the prime minister, I am interested in unity. Nobody has the right to hate the other person, to believe in violence, to be a racist and promote the extremes because they will be confronted by the Greek people as it happened back home in recent days".
Prime Minister Samaras sent a message of optimism, saying that a new era of prosperity begins for the country.
ana2html v2.01 run on Sunday, 29 September 2013 - 18:38:06 UTC


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Poll Results: Which HL7 Version Do You Encounter the Most in Your Interfacing Projects?
Recently, a poll was posted here asking, "Which HL7 version do you encounter the most in your interfacing projects?" Not surprisingly, the results offer some insight into the challenges awaiting greater HL7 v3 implementation. Ninety percent of respondents indicated they most encounter HL7 v2.x.
As always, if you have a poll topic suggestion, please email them to us.


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ADEPT Properties LLC
HOMEOWNER PROPERTIES
TURN-KEY PROPERTIES
Buyers List Contact
BIRD DOGGERS
Randy Vaughan
Randy brings with him 30 years' experience in the construction business with all licenses for both inspecting, building, mechanical, electrical, etc. as well as 5 years' experience in manufactured housing and parks, having set over 1,000 homes.
Since Randy began his real estate investing career in November 2008, he has completed over 150 transactions including his most recent multi-unit apartment building. His investments cover multiple states and his net worth is now 2.8 million. He has first-hand experience in completed deals using multiple strategies including lease to own, subject to, flipping and double closings to name a few.
Randy travels throughout the US and Canada teaching people how to invest in real estate. If anyone is interested in one on one training please use the Contact Us form for more information about this service. There's no time like the present to get passionate about creating success in today's real estate market!
Laura was working in New Jersey as a secretary, when she got started in real estate from a late night infomercial in April '08. Since then she has made real estate her full time career and has built her current net worth to over 1.5 million.
Her first strategy was retail flips, which then expanded into experience in multiple strategies as she shared her passion for real estate working with buyers, sellers and investors while continuing to invest locally and across the country.
Going where the deals take her she left NJ in April of 2010 and moved to Wisconsin, and then in January 2011 she moved to Kansas City, Missouri to form her business partnership with Randy. In 2013 the market took her to Savannah, Ga., which she plans to call home for a very long time! Together they implement strategies that work for every investor (including single, multi-family and multi-unit apartment complexes) as well as for buyers and sellers to make win-win situations for everyone. She is thrilled to have this experience in building a portfolio for herself to enjoy now and as a legacy for her sons, and welcomes the opportunity to help others do the same! Just recently she has expanded her career by obtaining her real estate license, and is excited to explore that side of the industry as well.
Home | Investors | Home Buyers | Sellers | Turn-key Properties | As-Is Properties | About Us | Contact Us
© 2012 ADEPT Properties LLC. All Right Reserved.


Historical gem from the Victorian era with a wealth of original details. Built in 1872, this 3 bedroom, 2 full bath home is in excellent condition. Walk up the path to the front door and a charming entry porch greets you. Step inside and explore the parlor, den, breakfast room, dining room and modern kitchen. You will be delighted to find beautiful period details such as the 10' gilded mirror, antique light fixtures and a 180 degree curved front staircase; there is also a rear staircase. This Victorian home is a perfect mix of Classic and New. Many period architectural details have been preserved, all while enjoying modern updates. The backyard, with patio, is the perfect place to enjoy the garden and small pond. Two porches and a balcony provide additional areas for peaceful enjoyment of the front gardens. There is a detached garage as well. The central village location allows easy walking to all locations and attractions. If you enjoy historic homes this is the property for you. Come inside and enjoy the story this home has to tell from the past, while you add your story for today and tomorrow. Exclusively offered at $429,000.


The State Government has been forced to give up on its plans to increase Sydney's capacity using Garden Island, but its Cruise Development Plan makes clear it has big ambitions for other ports.
While it investigates Port Botany as Sydney's second terminal, the government is scoping the potential to improve cruise facilities like expanding terminals, adding parking lot and immigration infrastructure to encourage more cruise ships to visit regional areas.
The move would make tiny Eden (population: 3,151), the first port of call for ships sailing from New Zealand.
This will take the heat of Sydney's lack of capacity and cruise lines like Regent Seven Seas, Seabourn, Cunard, Oceania Cruises, Royal Caribbean, Holland America Line and P&O have started exploring the option of calling at ports like Eden, Newcastle as well as Port Kembla.
Historically, Royal Caribbean was the first line to send one of its iconic ships, Voyager of the Seas to Wollongong in 2016.
Cunard's Queen Elizabeth visited Newcastle in 2016 – the first Cunard ship to visit the port since 1907.
And now, Eden is fast becoming a popular stop on cruise line itineraries for Oceania Cruises, Regent Seven Seas and Norwegian Cruise Line, especially over the next 12 months.
The government has already invested in a $44 million extension of the existing Breakwater Wharf which will enable larger cruise ships to berth and it's expected to open in 2019.
The report says that once its complete, Eden has the potential to become a hybrid port used for both cruise transit calls and as a potential transit port with immigration processing facilities for ships entering Australian waters from New Zealand.
Managing Director for CLIA Australiasia & Asia, Joel Katz said that the organisation would be welcome to the idea of utilising regional ports.
"As an industry we support the Cruise Development Plan action to grow emerging destinations, through education and training, and building their capability to cater to cruise passengers on transit calls. The Port of Eden, as an example, is already being used for transit calls.
"But developing their capacity to handle more ship calls, and potentially even clear ships into or out of Australia, would increase the number of cruise visitors. This would have a positive flow-on effect on local tour operators, shops, and restaurants".
The government is also investigating a potential port at Coffs Harbour with other potential ports like Yamba, Port Stephens, Port Macquarie and South West Rocks.
Coffs Harbour – stay outside the breakwater – tender them in!!
Port Stephens wide – But jetty to has to be to far out – Yamba ???
The Navy should move to Botany Bay, Newcastle or Jervis Bay. Sydney is the best port to cruise in or out. While other ports are nice to see, I would be annoyed to do a cruise to NSW and not include Sydney Harbour.
The Navy should have been moved to Newcastle and Garden Island turned into a major international cruise terminal. This a ridiculous decision!
As a tourist I visit all destinations with the hope of seeing the area including all wide life in its natural form. This is disgraceful that a wild Polar Bear is shot because we invade its own space. This is its home, we are the invaders. Its totally barbaric.


Unique town-home on border of Citrus Heights and Fair Oaks with 2 master bedrooms/ 2 master baths/2 balconies/ double sinks in both and 2 huge walk in closets. Cool design with extra tall ceilings upstairs and one of the larger condo/town-homes in the area.The living room boasts a fireplace, wet bar, and access to the private patio. Highly sought after community where units do not come on the market often. Swimming pool and hot tub just steps away. Tons of shopping including Trader Joes and tons of restaurants including Benihana just a few blocks away.
I help my clients achieve their goals and dreams by focusing on them through service, relationship, communication and giving 100%. Work ethic, passion and integrity are non-negotiables.


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8-1 Underdog Carlos Gongora Shatters Ali Akhmedov in a Final Round KO
December 18, 2020 George Goddiess DAZN, Results, Scorecards Leave a comment
In a crazy year of boxing there is another highlight reel KO just in time to close out 2020. I know I have taken a break recently from writing but decided to watch tonight as a fan and just enjoy the fight. However tonight's back and forth battle on the undercard of Gennady Golovkin vs Kamil Szeremeta has compelled me to post this result. I have also posted my own video of the KO taken from the DAZN broadcast. Carlos Gongora entered as a significant underdog against undefeated Kazakh fighter Ali Akhmedov. Gongora is a 31 year-old Ecuadorian amateur standout and is related to former title challenger Segundo Mercado. According to the broadcast he had 300 amateur contests and entered undefeated but unheralded. Akhmedov entered as a destructive 25 year-old prospect and protégé of Golovkin whom he shares trainers with in Jonathon Banks. Early on it seemed like Akhmedov was going to have an early night when a right hand on the top of the head had Gongora on very shaky legs. With ninety seconds to go, Gongora moved around the perimeter of the ring and got his legs back underneath of him. Akhmedov had a strong start appearing to bank the first six rounds when Gongora mounted a comeback starting in round seven. Akhmedov displayed ferocious power and threw in combinations that kept Gongora on the defensive and wobbled him on several occasions. As the fight drew further, Gongora began to punch with Akhmedov and began to score with straight left hands and the left uppercut. Though he could stand square and not move fluidly he had a very minimalist style of moving his head just enough to get under the right hand and spring with his uppercut. He started to do damage in the seventh round and Akhmedov's right eye began to swell and a cut opened underneath the eye. Gongora came onto the front foot and went on the attack against a still very dangerous Akhmedov. The two traded punches in very close and competitive rounds. With three minutes to go I had Akhmedov ahead 106-103 and Gongora needed a big round, two knockdowns would only get him a 113-113 draw on my card. Gongora needed a KO and he got it in dramatic fashion. Akhmedov came out to win the round and solidify the tough fight but was dropped hard by a left uppercut. Akhmedov rose but was clearly still shaken by the blow. After surviving for a moment, Gongora began to score again with his right hook and left uppercut and devastated Akhmedov in a shocking finish in the final round. This fight had momentum shifts, blood, and some heavy leather exchanged.
This fight is a serious contender for Upset of the Year and a possible Knockout of the Year runner up though there are several other great KO's in 2020. If you have DAZN and missed the bout I recommend putting on the replay and watching it from start to finish.
Bout: 168 lbs. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Final
Akhmedov 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 10 X 106
Gongora 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 9 KO 103
Former World Champion Chris Algieri had the fight even going into the final round.
Round 1 and Round 4 are swing rounds in my eyes and could reasonably go to Gongora
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add preferred keyserver support for signatures.
15 years ago* app-openpgp.c (do_learn_status): Print more status information.
(app_select_openpgp): Store the card version.
(store_fpr): Add argument card_version and fix DOs for old cards.
15 years ago* command.c (cmd_pkauth): New.
15 years ago* keygen.c (do_add_key_flags): Don't set the certify flag for subkeys.
* keygen.c (do_add_key_flags): Don't set the certify flag for subkeys.
(ask_algo): Provide key flags for DSA, Elgamal_e, and Elgamal subkeys.
(generate_keypair): Provide key flags for the default DSA/Elgamal keys.
* keylist.c (public_key_list): Use it here for the new "tru" record.
validity and long keyids during (file) signature verification.
do_check): If ret_pk is set, fill in the pk used to verify the signature.
Change all callers in getkey.c, mainproc.c, and sig-check.c.
15 years ago* Makefile.am: Add sc-copykeys program.
* Makefile.am: Add sc-copykeys program.
(store_fpr): And use it here to get the actual length in bit.
15 years ago* simple-pwquery.c, simple-pwquery.h: New; moved from ../agent.
* simple-pwquery.c, simple-pwquery.h: New; moved from ../agent.
15 years ago* simple-pwquery.c, simple-pwquery.h: Moved to ../common.
* Makefile.am (gpg_protect_tool_LDADD): Add simple-pwquery.o.
15 years ago* configure.ac: configure.ac: Check for sigset_t and struct sigaction.
* configure.ac: configure.ac: Check for sigset_t and struct sigaction.
call half of the two pairs by default.
unhashed signature cache any longer.
and signer's primary fingerprint (%p).
* Makefile.am: Include W32LIBS where appropriate.
they won't be the same thing.
ascii_isspace to avoid locale issues.
field as well as the name field, and allow mixing fields when it is set.
* options.skel: Use subkeys.pgp.net as the default keyserver.
uids do not count in the web of trust.
only the function call half of the two pairs by default.
and if we can't, fail with an explanation.
is a temporary kludge, and will be handled properly in 1.9/2.0.
* mainproc.c (check_sig_and_print): Only show the "key available from"
preferred keyserver line if the key is not currently present.
unrevoke them. There is also no point in replacing expired selfsigs.
iscntrl. Noted by Christian Biere.
* keygen.c (ask_user_id): Ditto. (get_parameter_algo): Ditto.
* tdbdump.c (import_ownertrust): Ditto. s/isxdigit/hexdigitp/.


text:
Q: Create innodb database in mysql
I tried to create a database type of innodb.I tried this query but its not exectuted.
CREATE DATABASE "mydd" ENGINE = InnoDB
I checked the configuration and it says innodb enabled. I also searched in web but only ended up  with creatin innodb tables.I set the database as innodb then all the table
under this will takes the same type and no need to specify again.Also my defauld engine should not be innodb.
Can anyone help me out? Thanks.

A: I don't think you can specify Engine while creating database.
because one database can have multiple engine type tables in it
Check create database command at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/create-database.html

A: Check the syntax for CREATE DATABASE: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create-database.html

CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT
  EXISTS] db_name
      [create_specification] ...
create_specification:
      [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name   | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=]
  collation_name

You can change the default storage engine on starting up mysql, or during your session. See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/storage-engines.html

If you omit the ENGINE or TYPE option,
  the default storage engine is used.
  Normally, this is MyISAM, but you can
  change it by using the
  --default-storage-engine or --default-table-type server startup option, or by setting the
  default-storage-engine or
  default-table-type option in the
  my.cnf configuration file.
You can set the default storage engine
  to be used during the current session
  by setting the storage_engine or
  table_type variable:
SET storage_engine=MYISAM; SET
  table_type=BDB;
When MySQL is installed on Windows
  using the MySQL Configuration Wizard,
  the InnoDB or MyISAM storage engine
  can be selected as the default. See
  Section 2.10.3.5, "The Database Usage
  Dialog".

A: Hi normally programmers use innodb for table don't know if you can set it for database
refer
Database creation


text:
Jerusalem crisis: George Galloway slams Israeli military and says 'we're getting close to disaster'
Protests have taken place against security measures at the Al-Aqsa Mosque
George Galloway has said the situation in Jerusalem will become a disaster if no-one steps in.
Protests erupted in Jerusalem last week after metal detectors were installed at the Al-Aqsa mosque, one of the holiest religious shrines in the whole of Islam. Five Palestinians were killed as protesters clashed with police.
The metal detectors have now been removed and replaced with high-resolution cameras, but Galloway believes Israel was firmly responsible for the violence - and says the worst is yet to come.
Speaking at the height of the violence, before the detectors were removed, Galloway said: "Events that are unfolding in Jerusalem [are the responsibility of] the armed military occupation of the holy city, holy to all three monotheistic faiths.
"We're getting close to disaster I must tell you in the occupation in Palestine, and nobody's listening to me.
"Nobody is listening to anybody who is crying out for someone to pay attention and do something, and if they don't then the conflagration will quickly become uncontrollable.
"The blood from the believers is right this minute, as I'm speaking to you, running across the cobblestones in the Via Dolorosa.
"If that doesn't matter to you, I promise you that if it all goes up, if the balloon goes up, you'll very quickly realise that you should have been listening to me all along."
Listen to the audio above
Al Aqsa Mosque