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HomeComputeThe Dollars And Sense Of Nvidia Paying A Fortune For Arm
The Dollars And Sense Of Nvidia Paying A Fortune For Arm
July 31, 2020 Timothy Prickett Morgan Compute 17
Back in April, when we were talking with Nvidia co-founder and chief executive officer Jensen Huang about the datacenter being the new unit of compute, we explained that we were always disappointed with the fact that Nvidia did not bring its "Denver" hybrid Arm CPU and Nvidia GPU, previewed way back in January 2011, to market, and said further we really wanted Nvidia to redefine what a CPU is by breaking its memory and I/O truly free from its compute.
What we didn't say in all of this that Nvidia should try to buy Arm Holdings, the company the creates and licenses the Arm embedded, client, and server chip instruction set, architectures, and reference designs. But if the rumor mill is right, then Nvidia is pondering just that.
This opportunity is only coming about because SoftBank Group, the Japanese conglomerate founded by and for the moment controlled by Masayoshi Son, is being hammered by some bad investments – particularly the We Work office renting boondoggle – at the same time that the coronavirus pandemic hit. In March of this year, SoftBank announced it was selling of $41 billion in assets to clean up its balance sheet and to fund share buybacks to keep its investors from revolting. Softbank has a 24 percent stake in T-Mobile, a 29.5 percent stake in Alibaba, and a 48.2 percent stake in Yahoo Japan that it probably wants to keep, and letting go of Arm Holdings, which it paid a whopping $32 billion to take control of four years ago this month, is probably not something that Son, who wants us all to join The Singularity with him and create the technologies to do it, relishes. But, for those of us who want no part of such nonsense, hooray! Make Son's licensing very expensive, please.
And while you are at it, take your universal basic income and put it in a self-driving car and push it over a cliff. All we need is intelligent assistance for human drivers, and we all need meaningful work with a reasonable standard of living. This is very hard to attain for all of humanity, obviously. Technology has helped as much as it has hurt – as it always does.
So, the first question we have about a potential Nvidia-Arm deal is: At what price can Nvidia actually acquire the Arm Holdings business from SoftBank so it makes economic sense? Money is cheap right now, to be sure. Will it be more than SoftBank paid four years ago, about the same, or less? Given the current environment, you could argue all three ways. According to the Wall Street Journal story that broke on July 13 saying that the talks between Nvidia and Softbank were in the early stages, starting all the tongues wagging, Goldman Sachs is apparently helping SoftBank unpack the numbers. The Bloomberg story that posted on July 31, we are now in the advanced stages of talks and one analyst cited the Arm price tag at around $55 billion. There have been rumors that Arm might re-IPO next year with a $44 billion valuation – which is a neat trick considering that SoftBank shareholders already own Arm, and that if the company waited until 2025 to re-IPO it might be worth $68 billion.
Let that sink in while we consider how much money that is for a business that generated just shy of $2 billion a year in licensing fees and other revenues in SoftBank's fiscal 2019 and 2020 years ending in March and had an income of $1.27 billion in fiscal 2019 and a loss of $400 million in fiscal 2020. The Arm division of SoftBank had a one-time gain of $1.67 billion in that fiscal 2019 year after setting up a joint venture in China and getting a big bag of cash. The point is, it is hard to say how profitable the Arm licensing business really is at this point. Right now, it really isn't, and in servers at least there is intense competition from Intel and AMD in the X86 arena and across the embedded and client spectrum there is increasing interest in the RISC-V architecture, which is free and open, and by the way, did we mention that IBM open sourced the Power instruction set last summer and just open sourced the very good, energy-efficient 64-bit Power A2I core design used in the BlueGene/Q supercomputer family? Arm does have nearly 1,800 licensees, which drive that revenue stream and which is the envy of any open or licensable architecture in that regard. It is questionable if that base and its annuity-like revenue stream is worth 28X revenues, though. But that doesn't mean Wall Street won't try to get the highest price it can if Arm Holdings really is on the market.
Moreover, it is seriously questionable that Arm Holdings is worth such a big multiple compared to Mellanox, which Nvidia just bought earlier this year for $6.9 billion and which gave Nvidia a $1.33 billion business in calendar year 2019. In the trailing twelve months before Nvidia bought Mellanox ending in March 2020, the networking company had $1.45 billion in sales and had $262.4 million in net income. So Mellanox is 75 percent the size of Arm Holdings and is generating almost as much money in the black as Arm is losing in the red.
I don't know how these Wall Street and City of London people come up with valuations, but ignoring profits, with these kind of metrics, Arm Holdings is not really worth all that much more than what Nvidia paid for Mellanox. And Son paid $32 billion for it because Arm Holdings is the darling of the British economy and pretty much the big success story in tech that the country has, and to be absolutely fair, Arm chips are ubiquitous in embedded and client devices and there is no reason to believe the architecture cannot – and should not – vanquish X86 from the datacenter. The attack always comes from the bottom. But the question here is will another animal chew its way up from a deeper, more open bottom and eat Arm and X86 at the same time? Everything that is good about Arm can be good about RISC-V over the long haul, and without having to pay anyone for a license. Arm is living by the legacy of its customer's code base and the currency of its wits. Just like every other compute platform provider in history.
Just get the hyperscalers and cloud builders annoyed enough, and it can all change in a matter of years. The switch from federated giant NUMA RISC/Unix boxes to X86 clusters running Linux took a matter of a few years in the supercomputing realm two decades ago. Those who control their own software control their own fates, to a certain extent.
That right there is the crux of the problem. Arm has already started to give some of its technology away in response to open chip architectures. And where does this end? Ask the proprietary minicomputer makers Digital Equipment, Hewlett Packard, IBM, or better still, the RISC/Unix vendors like Acorn RISC Machines (the originator of the Arm architecture), IBM, Sun Microsystems, Hewlett Packard, Data General, and so on. What Linux plus X86 did to all of them Linux plus RISC-V can do to Arm plus either Windows Server or Linux or MacOS or iOS or whatever. We said can, not will.
Nvidia buying Arm Holdings is all a thought experiment at this point, so let's think about it for a minute.
Where is the control, and therefore the profit, in the datacenter today? And drilling down deeper, where is the profit when it comes to compute or switching engines, or storage devices?
There is a chunk of profit in actually manufacturing the chips, and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp demonstrates perfectly well with $34.63 billion in revenues in 2019 and $11.18 billion in net income. That's 32.2 percent of revenue, and that is as good as it gets in the hardware business. But this is clearly a fab that holds the world in its hands at the 7 nanometer node and is at the top of its game.
There is some money in the design of devices as well, but it is not clear how much. But in a good year, Arm Holdings should drop maybe 15 percent of revenue to the bottom line.
Those who designed and manufactured their own chips, created their own systems, and developed and maintained their own systems software had the grief of doing the whole stack, but they got all of the profits from each layer, and could cover losses in one area if necessary where costs ran high for a quarter or two. X86 and Linux ruined that, and forever dried up those profit pools and the IT budgets were redeployed elsewhere, never to return to systems.
Even today, there is some additional profit that comes from packaging up the electronics for a socket and some profit that comes from integrating these components into a system, and then, if it is done right, there is some profit that comes from the software stack. IBM's profits in the mainframe used to be a mix of hardware and software, both at very high margins, but over time the hardware margins have degraded. The software margins have come down some, but even as the mainframe base has shrunk, those that still have mainframes have consumed ever more capacity and the aggregate amount of MIPS compute consumption on mainframes has gone up and to the right with near mathematical predictability, through good times and bad, and that has driven that software to be a steady freddy business.
But Nvidia doesn't sell its software stack, and CUDA is just a way to spur adoption of GPU compute. In the datacenter, the profits go to Red Hat for Linux and Microsoft for Windows Server, the memory makers for DRAM, PMEM, and flash, and the network adapter cards. Integrating the components into a system yields profits on the order of maybe 5 percent of revenues across the OEMs and ODMs, and we might be generous here. Toss in technical support and break/fix support across enterprise customers, and maybe the profits across the combined hardware and support revenue streams rises to somewhere between 5 percent and 10 percent.
If Nvidia did not want to create a server-class Arm processor in the prior decade, with or without integration with its GPUs, it is hard to imagine why the company would want to pay a huge sum to take over Arm and try to control an entire ecosystem of server chip suppliers. (As if you could control them anyway.) The members of the Arm collective seem to come and go, but right now, the only two successful Arm chips come from Applied Micro/Ampere Computing with its X-Gene and follow-on Altra designs and the only Cavium/Marvell Arm server chip that actually took off was the one they got for a song from Broadcom when it exited the business when it was trying to buy Qualcomm. Calxeda starved before it got to 64-bits, AMD spiked its efforts to focus on X86, Samsung didn't even get out of the gate, Qualcomm got out there and then gave up, Huawei Technology and its HiSilicon subsidiary are still in the game but pretty much limited to China, and Fujitsu has done an absolutely marvelous job creating an HPC-centric and AI-capable 48-core behemoth based on Arm. (A bow of respect.)
With increasing competition coming in GPUs and a failure to capture any of the initial exascale class machines, Nvidia might be angling to change the nature of the game in the datacenter. This is the only thing that makes sense to us, and it is a hell of a high price to pay but it could – just maybe – pay off. And Nvidia would have a business that spans from datacenter to edge to cloud to client to embedded.
So here is what you have to consider: Would Nvidia be willing to make everything it does – GPUs, CPUs, switch and adapter ASICs, SmartNICs, transceivers, whatever – open and licensable, at reasonable prices, to totally fill in all of the protective moats that Intel, Broadcom, and others have built in the datacenter around their respective products? (We didn't say open source, but open as defined by a partner relationship with contractual behavior.) Nvidia could create its own reference designs and sell them, much as it does with DGX servers today, up and down the stack, and also let others manufacture devices and systems based on either its intellectual property or its chippery – or a mix of both. And would such a combination of assets drive enough revenue and profit while also smashing the competition?
We really are not sure, and we need to think about this some more. The combination of Mellanox and Cumulus Networks for networking with Nvidia for GPU compute and the core AI market it serves now made sense. But only if it doesn't alienate Mellanox switch and adapter buyers or those who just buy ASICs. But if everything is licensable on reasonable terms, then Nvidia can compete to a certain extent with its customers, so long as the playing field is level. Nvidia itself has demonstrated this well with its raw GPU business, where it makes cards and others also make cards, and with its DGX server business, where it makes systems and others make systems based on its GPUs and interconnects, too.
Pipe up if you have any thoughts. The more, the merrier. There are a slew of bankers slouching towards London, Tokyo, and New York who are looking for every way they can to justify such a humongous deal so they can feast upon it.
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I personally find these $55 billion valuations, or $44 billion valuations, hard to believe. ARM is only worth as much as people are willing to pay for it. If there are not many potential buyers out there, then there isn't much to cause the price to be bid up. I do think there is a case to be made for a chance of the ascendancy of ARM that would create a windfall for whomever controls it. But that is a small chance and if Softbank believed otherwise they would never sell ARM. That windfall must be multiplied by a low probability when calculating the expected value of ARM.
My view is that ARM is only worth a significant amount from a strategic point of view. Its current business model is not a money maker, as this article points out, and the smartphone industry, where ARM is the king of the hill, is not as bright of a pearl as it was in 2016. From what I understand, ARM's licensing business has not grown a huge amount since 2016. In the smartphone business there is not a strategic advantage to controlling the architecture, as ARM itself is already dominant there and the systems involved are made of individual phones run by SoCs. The way SoCs operate in terms of compute, I/O, etc, is very much like the PC and is not likely to be disrupted.
However, in the data center, computing across nodes, are even within a fat node with multiple accelerators, is a fundamentally different way of computing than the PC, which is the environment where the modern CPU evolved. Intel, having taken over the data center through economies of scale, has resisted any change which would reduce the supremacy of its CPU in the data center ecosystem. For example, it was obvious years ago that faster I/O between accelerators and CPUs, and accelerators and memory, was beneficial to the system as a whole. But Intel did not move to introduce such a thing until they were forced to come out with their own GPUs. I wonder if Intel had something to do with the long period between PCI-E 3.0 and PCI-E 4.0, as well. That has possibly created an inefficiency in the market that is exploitable by any company in a position to disrupt the whole data center compute organization. But which companies are in such a position? AMD, perhaps, but they already have x86, so ARM is worth much less to them. Also, AMD is not in strong financial shape and the CPU is AMD's best product so they don't have a strong incentive to risk de-emphasizing it. IBM? They already have Power and they don't have the other necessary components, anyway. So from this perspective, I can't think of who else has a strategic reason to highly value ARM other than NVIDIA. Softbank's high valuation from 2016 was a failure. I think Softbank knows that and that's why they are willing to divest ARM. Perhaps a Wall Street bank can sell a high valuation for ARM in an IPO by being a good salesman, but that remains to be seen. I think what NVIDIA is mainly bidding against is an IPO that doesn't have a guarantee of high interest.
I think NVIDIA could use ARM to explore re-imagining the data center ecosystem outside of the constraints that Intel has put on it. If they are interested in making the purchase then they either have some concrete ideas of how to do that or the price is far cheaper than analysts are throwing around. I really have little idea of how to value ARM. But I wouldn't be surprised if NVIDIA paid $25 to $30 billion for it. I would be surprised if they paid $55 billion. But I wouldn't be too surprised to be surprised.
Absolutely. These valuations are completely absurd. Well put and thanks for commenting.
Eric Olson says:
From my point of view the most creditable competitor to Nvidia GPU dominance in high-performance computing is the combination of high-bandwidth memory and scalable vector instructions of the Fujitsu AFX64. As the AFX64 was developed jointly by Fujitsu and ARM, is it possible Nvidia is getting a unlimited license to the technology in the AFX64 in this deal? If so, that might explain why Nvidia is so interested in ARM.
It had not occurred to me that they might get A64FX and have full access to that. But to be fair, they have a computational engine in the third gen TensorCore already and they would not have access to the Tofu interconnect which makes A64FX really hum. That Fukagu system is really a system, and it my guess that it works best with all of its parts. I suspect that a cluster of A64FX chips with any other network — InfiniBand or Slingshot — won't perform as well. In any event, Nvidia has just paid a lot for Mellanox and would have to use its own networks out of pride as much as any other reason. Now, having said all that, anything is possible.
As crazy as it seems to say it – and nobody really wants to say it – the writing is on the wall: the party is coming to an end.
Steve Ballmer's "cancer" is coming to hardware.
There's 2 factors, really: the product and the economics. There's money to be made in designing a good chip, and money to be made in fabricating them: they're both skill-processes. The design stage – a.k.a what Arm does – seems to be being made easier by the open source community, not least because it is open. And the proprietary model of patenting and licencing has been shot to bits by the profs at the University of California, Berkeley (I wonder if they resented Arm making all that money from their initial work): if you're in the fast-moving-hyperbole-ridden tech building world, where every cent counts, which do you go for: a chip you have to pay a license fee on, or one that'll do ad good a job that's a little bit cheaper?
I wouldn't be investing in Arm right now.
Best article I read on this topic till now. Because of nature of my job only think I can say for sure is SoftBank valued ARM a lot like any of its vision fund investment.
jipe4153 says:
Isn't all the CPU engineering know how at ARM holdings extremely rare and valuable?
Perhaps what could be used to build more well integrated CPU:s and GPU:s (like AMD has already done in some products)? Ex: direct sharing of caches to enable off-loading of less intense compute problems to the GPU? Or with better interconnects with MCM:s.
Building a processor that runs a mix of serial and parallel compute code more seamlessly without us programmers having to think so much about data locality (host & device side code) has long been a goal of Nvidia (and AMD).
Perhaps this could be a re-ignition of the old idead of integrated ARM cores on the GPU die.
Any company is only as good as its workforce… and Arm has very good engineers. However, Apple and Qualcomm, for example, both have superior chips to anything Arm has put out.
There is a tremendous difference between designing an IP and putting out a chip. I have worked for two of the three companies you mention.
Michael A Bruzzone says:
At what price can Nvidia actually acquire the Arm Holdings business from SoftBank so it makes economic sense?
Synopsis annual revenue, they're both EDA tools and design kit enterprise, is twice that of Holdings. SNPS market cap is currently $30 Billion.
To Nvidia ARM is worth another business as process saturates, only of which a small portion is valuable to Nvidia's core business, ARM would place Nvidia into an entirely different type of business that is certainly a life boat.
As a once licensee partner manager at ARM Inc., no licensee would approve being placed under Nvidia's umbrella. ARM Holdings umbrella is often times in recent years questioned by licensees many of which to get out from under ARM procured architectural licenses to better control their own destinies.
ARM acquisition by Softbank for $32 billion, during a divergence of public and market attention parallel the UK EU referendum, parliamentary lack of attention purposefully timed by some for ARMs take at a price to good to be true and that no one would match. This was an IP grab by Softbank and a personal power grab by some operating within Holdings. The IP grab has obviously gone stale. And it not that ARM did not need the money, as the regular frequency of stock price pops between A15 and A72 space slowed in time.
Pursuant Softbank ARM, ARM value is questionable until sorting out security of ARM competitive IP, if, and how much has fallen into the hands of cartel syndicate operations.
Best option is for the British government to nationalize ARM while the security of competitive IP is determined, which will be difficult if and until it shows up at any legitimate foundry operation. Then, too reprivatize ARM I would suggest a consortium of foundry operations into process production which foundries definitively rely and the design tool and whole kit divisions.
ARM is worth a couple of crown jewels which is what the crown jewels are for; emergencies.
Mike Bruzzone, Camp Marketing
Rakesh Cheerla says:
The deal will provide momentum for RISC-V – take it from an embedded play to a server play – could be good for the industry!
Color me skeptical. I think ARM does a lot that people aren't going to do open source and people aren't going to want to do themselves if they can avoid it. And if a move to RISC-V were to happen, I think it would happen anyway, I'm not sure a sale to NVIDIA would accelerate it.
ARM wasn't making money or generating much revenue. Things that don't make money must be unlocked, if possible, or supported. And once it starts being supported it's going to become a mess. Are CPU cores the same as OS kernals? An OS kernal seems like a utility. People can make requests and things can be added. Competitive CPU cores need innovation. Isn't it a whole lot easier to innovate a CPU core when you have control over the ISA?
Flemming Christensen says:
It's much simpler than you all think. Spending $50b can be allocated as recruitment fees for a large number of silicon designers, software experts, etc. – with the added bonus that all current users of ARM will have to move away from NVIDIA's ARM division and cause problems for the likes of Samsung, Qualcomm, NXP and Xilinx. I am sure Apple has got Plan-No-ARM in place already.
RICS-V for new World Domination of Embedded solutions.
Jin Liu says:
Good analysis! Softbank's $32B for ARM is crazy, too high, a big bubble. If ARM64 could get a sensible DC market share is questionable. From Mainframe ($XM/Unit) to Minicomputer ($X00Ks/each) to Workstation ($X0K/each) to X86 Server ($XK/each), each transition delivers at least 10X performance/cost improvement, and the most important factor in workstation to X86 server transition is the huge software developed on X86 desktops. What are the gains the ARM64 brings to the data center? 20% more power eficient? Software Bank paid too much for ARM. The valuations come from two: 1. current money making; 2. potential to make money. Where are the potentials for ARM to grow significantly? The smartphone market peak has passed, and how much money ARM could make from IoT and Autos? Anything over $15B seems overpriced.
Neutral_Is_the_formula says:
Sounds more like some of the other Big ARM Interests would rather have ARM Holdings back as a publicly traded company and not in any current Processor Maker's hands! So maybe the major players in the ARM based Industry can convince Softbank to take ARM Holdings Public and maybe let the investors set the price. But Softbank should have never been allowed to take ARM Holdings private but that's been done and not much can be done about that.
Let's hope that ARM Holdings can remain as a more neutral IP provider and Publicly Owned as well.
Cristian Vasile says:
Apple does not have a line of business for corporations, however it has exceeded 2000 billion valuation.
I did not see why NVIDIA cannot start selling ARM based laptops, notebooks, tablets etc. They have a strong brand on consumer business, very good video boards, distribution channels and powerful management. And money.
There are rumors related to MS Windows OS for ARM processors, maybe we did not see the big picture.
Would you buy a NVIDIA laptop Tim?
You make a valid point. Nvidia does indeed make servers and handheld game consoles. Why not? And yes, I probably would buy an Nvidia laptop–if I was spending someone else's money….


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ALS, rare dementia share genetic link
Findings point to potential treatment strategy for both disorders
by Jim Dryden•April 9, 2018
Getty Images/Sara Moser
Studying data from more than 125,000 individuals, an international team of researchers led by scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis has identified genetic links between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. The link between the seemingly unrelated disorders suggests that some drugs developed to treat ALS also may work against frontotemporal dementia and vice versa.
https://biomedradio-media.wustl.edu/embargo/Karch%20JAMA%20.mp3
Nearly half of all patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neuromuscular disorder, develop cognitive problems that affect memory and thinking. Why a disease that primarily affects movement also disrupts thinking has been unclear. But now, an international team of researchers has identified genetic links between ALS and frontotemporal dementia, a rare disorder marked by deterioration in behavior and personality, language disturbances and poor impulse control.
ALS initially damages neurons in the spinal cord while frontotemporal dementia mainly affects neurons in the brain. But the newly identified genetic connections between the two disorders may explain why they share some of the same features. Further, the links suggest that some drugs developed to treat ALS also may work against frontotemporal dementia and vice versa.
The new findings are published April 9 in the journal JAMA Neurology.
"Although there was clinical evidence that frontotemporal dementia and ALS may be connected, we didn't fully understand the genetic connection," said the study's first author, Celeste M. Karch, PhD, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. "Identifying these genes connected to both disorders is important because, potentially, the shared genetic risk may point to common pathways that could be targeted therapeutically, raising the possibility that we might be able to treat the two devastating diseases with a single strategy."
There are about 6,000 new cases of ALS diagnosed each year in the United States, and at any given time, there will be about 20,000 people in the country living with the disease. The total number of frontotemporal dementia patients in the U.S. is unclear, though it is estimated to account for about 20 percent of early-onset dementia cases.
Karch and co-author Rahul S. Desikan, MD, PhD, an assistant professor of neuroradiology at the University of California, San Francisco, led the analysis of data from several genetic studies. This included information from almost 125,000 individuals with various neurological disorders — such as ALS, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease — as well as from healthy control subjects of the same age ranges. Patients ranged in age from their 50s to 70s.
The analysis identified other common genetic variations that had not been linked to ALS. For example, common variants near the MAPT gene, which makes the tau protein, previously had been associated with diseases including frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. But the gene hadn't been linked to ALS.
"This is one of the first genetic connections between ALS and MAPT," Karch said. "Rare mutations and common variations in MAPT can increase risk for diseases that involve the tau protein, but now we've shown that some of the same, common gene variants also increase risk of ALS. We don't think about the tau protein in ALS as we do with Alzheimer's and other so-called tauopathies, but these findings raise the possibility that tau-mediated therapies may be useful in treating some ALS patients."
The researchers also identified variations in a second gene, BNIP1, which normally plays an important role in protecting against cell death. They found that variants in BNIP1 increased the risk of both ALS and frontotemporal dementia. They also found that levels of the protein made by that gene were altered in people who had ALS and in patients with frontotemporal dementia, suggesting the BNIP1 may be a potential therapeutic target for both disorders.
Karch and Desikan agreed that the study demonstrates it's possible for scientists to combine existing data to identify new disease risk factors that wouldn't be obvious in smaller studies.
"I think this kind of big-data approach can point us in the right direction on where to start for better understanding ALS, which remains poorly understood," Desikan said.
Karch CM, et al. Selective genetic overlap between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diseases of the frontotemporal dementia spectrum. JAMA Neurology, April 9, 2018.
This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), grant numbers NIH-AG046374, AG049152, U54 NS100693. Additional funding from the American Society of Neuroradiology and the Tau Consortium.
Jim Dryden, Director of Broadcast & Podcasts
Jim covers psychiatry and neuroscience, pain and opioid research, orthopedics, diabetes, obesity, nutrition and aging. He formerly worked at KWMU (now St. Louis Public Radio) as a reporter and anchor, and his stories from the Midwest also were broadcast on NPR. He currently is developing a podcast that will highlight the outstanding research, education and clinical care underway at the School of Medicine. Jim has a bachelor's degree in English literature from the University of Missouri-St. Louis. He joined Medical Public Affairs in 1992.
jdryden@wustl.edu

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When we decided to call this issue "Web", we had much more than spider webs in mind. In nature, everything is connected. The sun, the water, the soil and the air are linked to the seasons, the climate, and the life cycles of all plants and wildlife. Our forests are joined through a network of roots, branches and leaves, the scattering of seeds, the movement patterns of pollinators and the migration pathways of other species. Our watershed is connected through creeks, streams, lakes, floodplains, wetlands and groundwater.
As human beings, our relationship with nature is also one of connection. When we want to spend time in nature, we walk on trails that lead us to the forests, lakes, streams, and escarpment in our region. If we want to protect our environment, we need to deepen our bond with nature, help others in our communities do the same and come together to create change.
In this issue, you'll read about how all-terrain wheelchairs are helping people with reduced mobility connect with nature and how a new group of community partners plans to better prepare Halton for climate change. You'll find out how the Family Nature Play Club is going to provide children with opportunities for unstructured nature play, learn more about how Halton Green Screens is using film to connect members of our community with environmental issues and then visit the majestic Percheron horses at Mountsberg. We'll take a moment to collect seeds so that they can be planted in a restored natural area in Hamilton, then pull out our clipboard and join a community of citizen scientists and experts to collect data during a bioblitz. Finally, we'll stop in at a school in Milton to learn how the students there are taking steps to reduce their impact on the environment.
We hope that the Web issue will not only remind you of the endless connections that exist in nature, but inspire you to renew that connection to nature within yourself. No one stands alone when they are in nature.


The gameplay of Myst consists of a first-person journey through an interactive world. The player moves the character by clicking on locations shown on the screen; the scene then crossfades into another frame, and the player can continue to explore. Players can interact with specific objects on some screens by clicking or dragging them. To assist in rapidly crossing areas already explored, Myst has an optional "Zip" feature. When a lightning bolt cursor appears, players can click and skip several frames to another location. While this provides a rapid method of travel, it can also cause players to miss important items and clues. Some items can be carried by the player and read, including journal pages which provide backstory. Players can only carry a single page at a time, and pages return to their original locations when dropped.
To complete the game, the player must explore the seemingly deserted island of Myst. There the player discovers and follows clues to be transported via "linking books" to several "Ages", each of which is a self-contained mini-world. Each of the Ages—named Selenitic, Stoneship, Mechanical, and Channelwood—requires the user to solve a series of logical, interrelated puzzles to complete its exploration. Objects and information discovered in one Age may be required to solve puzzles in another Age, or to complete the game's primary puzzle on Myst. For example, in order to activate a switch, players must first open a safe, after discovering its combination, and then use the matches found within to start a boiler.
Apart from its predominantly nonverbal storytelling, Myst's gameplay is unusual among adventuring computer games in several ways. The player is provided with very little backstory at the beginning of the game, and no obvious goals or objectives are laid out. This means that players must simply begin to explore. There are no obvious enemies, no physical violence, and no threat of "dying" at any point, although it is possible to reach a few "losing" endings. There is no time limit to complete the game. The game unfolds at its own pace and is solved through a combination of patience, observation, and logical thinking.
Players assume the role of an unnamed person known as the Stranger, who stumbles across an unusual book titled "Myst". The Stranger reads the book and discovers a detailed description of an island world called Myst. Placing his hand on the last page, the Stranger is whisked away to the world described and is left with no choice but to explore the island. Myst contains a library where two additional books can be found, colored red and blue. These books are traps that hold Sirrus and Achenar, the sons of Atrus, who once lived on Myst island with his wife Catherine. Atrus writes special "linking books" that transport people to the worlds, or "Ages", that the books describe. From the panels of their books, Sirrus and Achenar tell the Stranger that Atrus is dead; each brother blames the other for the death of their father, as well as the destruction of much of Atrus' library. Both plead for the Stranger to help them escape. However, the books are missing several pages, rendering the sons' messages initially unclear and riddled with static.
As the Stranger continues to explore the island, books linking to more Ages are discovered hidden behind complex mechanisms and puzzles. The Stranger must visit each Age, find the red and blue pages hidden there, and return to Myst Island. These pages can then be placed in the corresponding books. As the Stranger adds more pages to these books, the brothers can be seen and heard more clearly. After collecting four pages, the brothers can talk clearly enough to tell the Stranger where the fifth and final missing page for their book is hidden; if the Stranger can complete either book, that brother will be set free. The clearer dialog also allows the player to more accurately judge each brother's personality. The Stranger is left with a choice to help Sirrus, Achenar, or neither.
Sirrus and Achenar beg the Stranger not to touch the green book that is stored in the same location as their final pages. They claim that it is a book like their own that will trap the Stranger. In truth, it leads to D'ni, where Atrus is imprisoned. When the book is opened, Atrus asks the Stranger to bring him a final page that is hidden on Myst Island; without it, he cannot bring his sons to justice. The game has several endings, depending on the player's actions. Giving either Sirrus or Achenar the final page of their book causes the Stranger to switch places with the son, leaving the player trapped inside the Prison book. Linking to D'ni without the page Atrus asks for leaves the Stranger and Atrus trapped on D'ni. Linking to D'ni with the page allows Atrus to complete his Myst book and return to the island. Upon returning to the library, the player finds the red and blue books gone, and burn marks on the shelves where they used to be.


text:
import DrumCell from './DrumCell.js';

const getAudioBufferByFileName = async (
    audioContext, fileName, directoryHandle) => {
  const fileHandle = await directoryHandle.getFileHandle(fileName);
  const file = await fileHandle.getFile();
  const arrayBuffer = await file.arrayBuffer();
  return await audioContext.decodeAudioData(arrayBuffer);
};

const buildDrumCellMap = async (outputNode, directoryHandle) => {
  const drumCellMap = {};
  for await (const entry of directoryHandle.values()) {
    if (entry.name.startsWith('drum') && entry.name.endsWith('mp3')) {
      const audioBuffer = await getAudioBufferByFileName(
          outputNode.context, entry.name, directoryHandle);
      drumCellMap[entry.name] = new DrumCell(outputNode, audioBuffer);
    }
  }

  return drumCellMap;
};

const bindKeyToDrumCellMap = (drumCellMap) => {
  const keys = 'qwerasdfzxcv'.split('');
  const drumCells = Object.values(drumCellMap);
  const keyToDrumCellMap = {};
  for (let i = 0; i < drumCells.length; ++i) {
    keyToDrumCellMap[keys[i]] = drumCells[i];
  }

  window.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {
    if (event.key in keyToDrumCellMap) {
      keyToDrumCellMap[event.key].playSample();
    }
  });
};

const buildMainBus = async (audioContext, directoryHandle) => {
  const compressor = new DynamicsCompressorNode(audioContext);
  const irBuffer = await getAudioBufferByFileName(
      audioContext, 'ir-hall.mp3', directoryHandle);
  const convolver = new ConvolverNode(audioContext, {buffer: irBuffer});
  const reverbGain = new GainNode(audioContext, {gain: 0.25});

  compressor.connect(audioContext.destination);
  convolver.connect(reverbGain).connect(audioContext.destination);
  compressor.connect(convolver);

  return compressor;
};

const initializeDrumMachine = async (audioContext) => {
  const directoryHandle = await window.showDirectoryPicker();
  const mainBus = await buildMainBus(audioContext, directoryHandle);
  const drumCellMap = await buildDrumCellMap(mainBus, directoryHandle);
  await bindKeyToDrumCellMap(drumCellMap);
};

const audioContext = new AudioContext();

const onLoad = async () => {
  const buttonEl = document.getElementById('button-start');
  buttonEl.disabled = false;
  buttonEl.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    await initializeDrumMachine(audioContext);
    audioContext.resume();
    buttonEl.disabled = true;
    buttonEl.textContent = '파일 로딩 완료';
  }, false);
};

window.addEventListener('load', onLoad);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Reformatting an entered string with spaces in it Currently I am working on a problem to reformat the inputted string into the odd char then even char with no newline. ex. Input: Good Test. Ouput: Go etodTs. For some reason when I run the program it only outputs a "G".
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

int main (int argc, char ** argv) {
    char sWordOdd[100] = {0};
    scanf("%s", sWordOdd);
    int iNum = strlen(sWordOdd);

    for (int i=0; i<=iNum && i%2==0; i++) {
        printf("%c",sWordOdd[i]);
    }
    for (int a=0; a<=iNum && a%2!=0; a++) {
        printf("%c",sWordOdd[a]);
    }
    printf("\n");

    return 0;
}

A: int main()
{
  string line;
  getline(cin, line);

  for (size_t start : {0,1})
    for (size_t ii = start; ii < line.size(); ii += 2)
      cout << line[ii];

  cout << endl;
}

The above code handles arbitrarily long lines, is C++11 rather than C, and works.

A: Your i<=iNum && i%2==0 break condition terminates your loop early. To achieve the effect you want, put an if statement inside the loop, like so:
for (int i = 0; i <= iNum; i++){
    if(i % 2 == 0)
        printf("%c",sWordOdd[i]);
}

As for your second loop, I think you meant a++ instead of a--, because otherwise you'll try to access the array using a negative index. I think you meant for your loop to look like this:
for (int a = 0; a <= iNum; a++){
    if(a % 2 != 0)
        printf("%c",sWordOdd[a]);
}

Side note: Notice the spacing between the variables and the operators in my code. Using spaces like this makes your code easier to read.

A: As said before the loops terminate if i<=iNum && i%2==0 is true (for the first loop), which is the case for i=0. The second loop terminates with i=1.
Since you want to iterate all characters you have to move the i%2==0 part out of the for-statement:
for (int i=0; i<=iNum; i++) {
    if (i%2==0)
    {
        printf("%c",sWordOdd[i]);
    }
}

The second loop needs to be modified in the same way...

A: To fix this problem you have to use a function that can see stuff after whitespaces. This function is called getline. But with getline, you have to use string, so in this example I used string. I then found the size with the .size() function and then using just one constraint for the for loop instead of two in the question. I also took off the char array and replaced it with string as stated above. Everything else is pretty much the same. Using this answer lets me not having to use cstring and also simplifying my code into a short, easy way that is easy to follow through.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>

#define Set(a, s) memset(a, s, sizeof (a))
#define Rd(r) freopen(r, "r", stdin)
#define Wt(w) freopen(w, "w", stdout)

using namespace std;

int main (int argc, char ** argv)
{
 string sWordOdd;
 getline(cin, sWordOdd, '\n');
 int iNum = (int)sWordOdd.size();

 for (int i=0; i<iNum; i+=2){
  cout << sWordOdd[i];
 }
 for (int a=1; a<iNum; a+=2){
  cout << sWordOdd[a];
 }
 printf("\n");

 return 0;

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Odd Life of Patrick Harrigan
The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter
by Patrick Harrigan
The Great Depression, World War Two — and Lindy Hop dancing — shaped Rosie's world
The true story of an unsung hero on the home front
Homesteaders Mabel and Victor Johnson and family (seen here in 1931) took out a bank mortgage before the Great Crash of 1929 and struggled to make payments throughout the Great Depression until Rosie (second from left) sent her earnings home and paid off the mortgage during World War II. Left to right: Mary, Rosie, Joyce, Fred and Victor Junior stand before their parents Mabel and Victor Johnson of Chief, Michigan.
Rosie (here age nine months in 1924) was the first-born to a homesteading family of seven children.
Since the Covid pandemic began, my mother and I have been talking daily by phone to break the isolation. In the process, I have uncovered facts about Mom's early life that we kids grew up never knowing anything about — until now. This profile is the outcome of long conversations.
Rose Ann Johnson, born June 15, 1923 to homesteaders Vic and Mabel Johnson eking out a living in northern Michigan's Manistee County. The poor sandy soil of their homestead could barely sustain a growing family, especially during the Great Depression years when commodity prices collapsed and farmers suddenly faced ruin.
Early 20th century: Chief junction was the nearest community to the Johnson homestead
There was little time for play on a homestead. As the oldest of seven children, Rosie was tasked with cooking, baking bread and looking after her siblings. The only respite from responsibilities were square dances with neighboring families every fortnight.
With only kerosene lamps for light, the Johnson homestead was without radio or entertainment—except every other Saturday evening when neighboring homesteaders would pile into their Model A's and come to Vic and Mabel's farmhouse for old-time dancing.
Every other Saturday the Johnson family would host indoor square dances by kerosene lamp light, with up to two dozen dancers square dancing to live music of the concertina, as in this photo of the period.
At age ten, Rosie Johnson wanted to be a schoolteacher. But her family could not afford to pay for her college education.
"We used to have dances every other Saturday night at our place when I was growing up. Mark Short would bring his concertina and we would do square dances, waltzes, foxtrot and polkas."
"We would remove all the furniture. Up to three squares (sets of four couples) could dance at once in our house."
Mortgaged the Farm
Already before the great Wall Street Crash of 1929, Vic and Mabel had mortgaged the farm so they could acquire more land to support their growing family.
During the Great Depression that followed, cash was scarce, and northern Michigan was no exception. If the interest payments on the mortgage were not met, they could lose the farm, as did tens of thousands of other farming families of that era.
All dressed up: Rosie (second from left) in 1937, helped to raise and feed her six younger siblings. Left to right: Vic Jr., Rosie, Betty, Mary, Joyce, Fred, Loretta
Consequently, all through the Depression years Rosie was sent to work on neighboring farms for mere cents an hour to help raise cash for the mortgage payments and to purchase essentials that they did not produce on the farm.
"I got so sick and tired of working on other people's farms! Just so we could pay the interest on that darned mortgage," she recalls. "It used to make me so happy to see the fields turned black from frost. It meant harvesting work was over for that year."
Rosie was inspired by her teachers and wanted to be a school teacher herself. However, her family could not afford tuition to send her to teachers' college. Rosie's girlfriends, however, considered her to be the best hair dresser. So she decided to aim to become a licensed beautician — and maybe have her own beauty salon some day. Mostly, though, she had had enough of the life of toil on a farm and did not want to grow up to be a farmer's wife.
The 17 students of Kaleva High School Class of 1940 included Rosie Johnson (top row far right) and her husband-to-be Bob Harrigan (middle row, far left).
Rosie in Detroit during her first summer of freedom
Life in the Big City
Rosie had scarcely graduated from Kaleva High School in 1940 when, at age seventeen, she packed a few clothes in a cheap suitcase and caught a ride by truck to Detroit where she stayed with her aunt Charlotte. She enrolled in Delmar Beauty School's certification course and was earning just enough to get by and some.
One day at work as a beautician in June 1942, Rosie heard that Uncle Sam needed young women to work in munition plants — was paying "good money". She quit her job and signed up at once.
The DeSoto-Warren Plant of Chrysler Corporation at 8505 West Warren Avenue, was only a short commute by bus. Rosie was soon riveting wings of B-26 bombers. Altogether 1,586 B-26 bombers were built at that plant during her time.
"A dollar an hour. And 7¢ an hour extra if you work evening shifts. So I worked evening shifts. That was good money back then. And we got lots and lots of overtime."
October 1942: De Soto bomber plant, Detroit, Michigan. Nose section of B-26 bomber showing conveyor line running on the floor. Siegel, Arthur S., photographer
Who was Rosie the Riveter?
The character Rosie the Riveter was not a person but a wartime propaganda figure, inspired in part by Rose Will Monroe, who worked at the Willow Run Aircraft Factory in Ypsilanti Township building B-24 bombers. Rose Ann Johnson both fit and acted the part naturally and with aplomb. She simply accepted it at the time; in later decades she never even once mentioned it to us, her children.
Rosie worked in all-women riveting teams assembling wings for B-26 bombers at the DeSoto-Warren plant in Detroit.
Posters like this were common at the Desoto-Warren factory in Detroit where hundreds of women like Rosie built B-26 and B-29 bombers.
Rosie was (and even today remains) so slender and petite, that she was naturally selected as the team member agile enough to climb inside a bomber wing and hold rivets from inside while another woman used a riveting gun from outside.
Defense plants were noisy places, but nowhere was it noisier than inside a metal wing being hammered from outside. And no one even considered ear protection back then. So it is an absolute marvel that Mom and I can still converse by phone as we do even today!
"They made us wear hair nets. That was all. We had no ear protection, nothing like that. "
1944: Rosie when she was building bombers during the week and dancing the Lindy Hop on weekends.
Working in a defense plant, nobody gave you a break — unless you were a smoker.
In Rosie's recollection even now, "You either had to be either working or smoking."
Those days, so many workers were addicted to nicotine that they had to be granted permission to take cigarette breaks. At designated places on the factory floor they would smoke their cigarettes to show that they were on break.
Rosie never cussed or even touched a cigarette in her life, but she expected the same privilege as others. So one day she stood for a break along with the smokers. Just as a foreman walked by, she was found fumbling a lit cigarette.
The Martin B-26 medium bomber. DeSoto Division of Chrysler (where Rosie worked) built 1,586 nose and center fuselage sections. When Martin converted to the B-29, DeSoto then produced the B-29 forward fuselage sections.
"Hey, that's no way to hold a cigarette!" he barked at her.
Rosie says she told her supervisor, "Oh, go to hell!"
Paid off the Mortgage
Working long hours with "lots and lots of overtime", Rosie continued to live sparingly as she had back on the family farm — all in order to send money home so the Johnsons could pay off the entire mortgage before war's end.
No more summer spent bent over, working in the hot sun! The family fortunes turned on the success and generosity of a single girl barely out of high school.
"He always wanted to go see a movie. I wanted to dance!"
-Rosie
The Lindy Hop is often a flying dance.
"Not everyone working in the plant was a woman," Rosie recalls. "I remember one cute guy. Richard Banhard was his name. He used to work in the same plant. He was tall and had a dark complexion. We even dated a few times, but he always wanted to go see a movie. I wanted to dance!"
Lindy Hop dancer
As soon as Rosie moved to the city to start her new career, she started swing dancing busy ballrooms in the heydays of swing music when famous bands came through town played to packed ballrooms in Detroit. Seventeen, single and fit as a fiddle, Rosie could — and did — dance with the best of them.
Dynamic and energetic, Lindy Hop was wildly popular among youth of the 1930's & 40's and remains popular even today.
Even before the war, Rosie and her friends would go together on weekends to dance at the Grande Ballroom and at The Graystone, Detroit's biggest ballroom built to accommodate up to 3,000 dancers at once. Rosie and her friends especially loved dancing the Lindy Hop to big band music on the spacious ballroom floors.
"As soon as I moved to Detroit, I started dancing at the Grande Ballroom every Friday. We did all kinds of flying moves."
-Rosie johnson
Named after the famed aviator Charles Lindbergh, who "hopped" the Atlantic in 1927, the Lindy Hop naturally involved hopping and flying moves. By 1936 'air steps' or 'aerials' such as the Hip to Hip, Side Flip, and Over the Back (the names describe the motion of the follow in the air) began to appear.
"Lindy Hop was my favorite. I'd dance anything, but Lindy Hop was my favorite."
Young, athletic, daring and already an experienced dancer, Rosie was also exceptionally well suited to dance the Lindy Hop. The feather-weight farm girl could hop and fly like few others could. She recalls those days as among the best times of her life.
"Lindy Hop was my favorite. I'd dance anything, but Lindy Hop was my favorite," Rosie can still recall, adding that "Benny Goodman Orchestra was our favorite band." Big-name bands like Benny Goodman's toured the nation continuously, and ballrooms like Detroit's Grande and Graystone throbbed on weekends to their music with hundreds of dancers contorting to the beat.
Probably the greatest Lindy hop sequence ever filmed. Whitey's Lindy Hoppers from the 1941 film Helzapoppin
"We danced the Lindy Hop back where I came from, but nothing like the way they were dancing in Detroit ballrooms," says Rosie.
Every Friday and Saturday evening Rosie would go swing dancing to live music by big bands, often past midnight. "We had to go and come back by tram and bus if we wanted to dance at the Grande or the Graystone," she recalls, adding, "It was safer back then."
The Graystone Ballroom was designed to accommodate 3,000 dancers at once, making it the largest of Detroit's six ballrooms at that time.
"Did you dance with those leads who send their partner spinning and flying?" I asked her one day.
"Yes, I sure did. Anything they could do, I could do, too."
Post-War
With the war over, Rosie returned to work as a beautician, eventually opening her own Rose Ann Beauty Shop on Grand River Avenue and Schoolcraft. With her beauty shop's modest profits, even after her marriage in 1946 Rosie continued to usher her family into the 20th Century. Even post-war, the Johnson homestead still lacked electricity and Vic was still farming with horse-drawn plows.
By the time her career ended in 1950 when she started bearing children (starting with me), Rosie had sent home enough additional money to:
A defining moment in Tim Harrigan's (b. 1951) life captured on film in 1954 by his proud mother Rosie. Tim at three first takes the wheel of his grandpa's tractor. Victor Johnson Sr. kept that International Harvester Farmall tractor going for decades, while little Tim went on to become a professor of agricultural engineering — of farm machinery, no less!
pay for her father Vic's first farm tractor and equipment that he had so much needed and wanted; and
give her brother-in-law Harry his career start in the electrical contracting business by paying him to build a half-mile electrical line up to (and wire) the Johnson farmhouse ("because it was too far away from the electrical line") in 1947; and
pay for electrical appliances including:
clothes washer
Incidentally, in the course of doing the family photography on an antique postwar German camera, she also taught me the basics of photography that turned into a life-long hobby.
Rose Ann Harrigan at home in Holland, Michigan, August 2021
Rose Ann Johnson served her family and her country when her help was most needed. She was a shining example of the 'Greatest Generation' that survived Depression and World War and even thrived in the process.
Now I know from where I got this urge to dance! Photo courtesy: Dave Pokorney
And yet Mom, as we call her, has remained as modest and self-effacing as ever, such that we might never even learned all this, if I hadn't keep needling her about what she did between 1940 high school graduation and 1950 when I came along.
Today, even at age 99, my mother and I still converse by phone easily. I am so proud of—and continue to be amazed by—this simple farm girl who moved to the big city where she lived her dream, succeeded in her career and served her family and her nation in the process.
Live long, Rosie! Your story isn't over yet.
Note: On 29 July 2022, I recited and confirmed the above text, captions and sub-titles with my mother Rose Ann who confirms that everything in it is true.
Patrick Harrigan
Patrick David Harrigan trained in comparative religion and Indology at the University of Michigan and UC-Berkeley as a Sri Lanka specialist and advocate of its indigenous tribal peoples. Since 2014 he has been serving as editor, publisher and policy consultant to the Yezidi Nation Ezidikhan and since 2020 also serves as the Secretary of the Confederation of Indigenous Nations of the Middle East and North Africa (CINMENA).
Diana KanoyNovember 21, 2021 at 4:31 am
Patrick, this is a wonderful article about your mother, whom I was privileged to meet some years ago when she was in Florida. Rosie the Riveter is well-known, and your mother could easily have been the inspiration! Now we can see where you have gotten your propensity to help poor families and also your exuberance in dancing.
If you would share this article widely, many people would have greater insight into rural life in the early 20th century as well as understanding of women's role during wartime. What an adventurer and generous person your mother is. You got that from her too!
Sally KimberlyNovember 27, 2021 at 8:48 pm
Everyone has a story – lives a story – if you are fortunate enough to learn it. Your mother is a remarkable woman. Thank you for sharing her story with us.
Connie FieldFebruary 6, 2022 at 11:00 pm
be sure to see the documentary the Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter. https://vimeo.com/ondemand/rosietheriveter
8 responses to "The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter"
Robin Mallor says:
I second everything Diane Kanoy said about you and your mother.
I also had the privilege of meeting her on several occasions and would never have known any of this by speaking with her. Probably that's because she was interested in hearing my story and she was an active listener. Yet her story needs to be told. She is a true American woman. And you are clearly your mother's son. Interspersing photos and videos from that time period fills in the details. I never knew the origins of the name 'Lindy Hop' before. thanks for that detail. It does explain the wild throws and jumps. I learned to dance the Lindy Hop in 6th grade but it was quite tame, just the basic foot work.
Margaret Melzer says:
Dear Patrick,
This is a most amazing story you have documented about your mother, Rose Anne Johnson Harrigan. Her tenacity and resilience during the Great Depression and World War II truly defined her as one of The Greatest Generation. At 99 years of age, Rose Anne is doing remarkably well and is an amazing inspiration to us all.
Please tell Rose Anne I deeply appreciate her selfless service during the War, in which our beloved father, Herman, also participated, as a young soldier. He passed last year at age 99. Rose Anne's story is all the more meaningful to me because she and Dad were part of the same generation. I am unsure whether there will ever be such great heroes again. I wish I had documented more of my father's stories than I did. Be proud that you have captured a great history.
As I read your story about your Mom, I believed she was the woman behind "Rosie the Riveter." Obviously, she worked hard and excelled at whatever she did in life, even becoming an excellent dancer. I see that you are definitely your mother's son. You, too, work hard and excel at everything you do, from helping the oppressed, to designing websites, writing, and dancing, among your many skills.
I immensely enjoyed your article and pictures about an outstanding woman and her family. I wish God's continued blessings on Rose Anne, you, and your family. And keep on dancing!
Angie Ferkovich says:
Patrick, I know she is just as proud of you as you are of her. Having two Navy granddaughters ( one of which is named Rosemary) former Marine grandson and Captain son-in-law, I am well aware of the personal sacrifices. Thank you so much for sharing your Mom's accomplishments, spunk and love of dance. Yes. Accomplishing great things and love of dance is in your blood.
Robert DeClercq says:
I like to think the "We Can Do It" poster was taken from Rosie telling her supervisor to "go to hell" which then inspired the namesake. That's my theory and I'm sticking with it!
Mary Lou Ursum says:
What a marvelous story, of my first cousin. I never knew any of this, it's absolutely amazing. I think of the selfishness of todays youth, and what an inspiration Rose is. I can't picture the youth of today, sending their money to their parents, to pay off their mortgage, and by farm equipment. It's easy to see why God has given her such a long, wonderful life. Her children, and all our families, are truly blessed to know her. God bless you Rose, I miss seeing you at the Gauthier reunions, you are one in a million.
Peter Kuester says:
Dear Patrick:
Thank you for your mother's autobiography, very interesting. I knew some of your mothers history but did know that she stayed with my Mother, Aunt Rosallia and our family l must of been two small to remember, l only remember your Uncle Victor staying with us as l was growing up.
Your cousin Peter Kuester.
Hey, Peter!
I double-checked on that with your Aunt Rose Ann and she confirms that you are right. She lived only a short time with her Aunt Charlotte in Detroit, not with her Aunt Rosella. It was not your aunt's confusion, but mine! It is corrected now.
Kathy Buckner says:
Wow! I knew Roseanne was amazing, but reading this tells me she was even more amazing then I had imagined. I work at Munson Manistee hospital. I got to know her well. We found out we were relatives, and I loved talking to her. She was a volunteer in our gift shop. If she signed up for a shift, she would even show up in a blizzard. We all told her, she does not need to come out in bad weather, but she would anyway. At 92 she told me she was moving to Holland MI, I was happy for her. We sent notes a couple times, then lost touch. I miss her, it was always so nice talking to her. Last I knew, she still made her bread from scratch, she said she did not buy bread from the store. Thank you so much for sharing this article.
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Viewpoint: Is The Road To 2019 All About Hindu Vs Muslim Vote?
Bhupendra Chaubey gets the view of the common man from Firozabad in Uttar Pradesh on the political hate drive that is dominating the 2019 elections. Has the 2019 elections turned into a Hindu vs Muslim narrative?


text:
Eco-art parking lot in O'Connell Street
O'CONNELL Street participated in a global phenomenon to celebrate international Park(ing) Day, when a group of volunteers turned a parking space into a "mini-park", last week.
Limerick City Council, South Limerick City Residents Association and artist Mary Conroy occupied a parking space, outside Leonidas Chocolates, on Friday, between 1pm and 5pm.
Mary Conroy, of Wildroutes Project, said the small space is about creating awareness for a more eco-friendly space.
"Every year, there is a pop-up garden and it started in 2005, in San Francisco. They would have a parking bay and they would rent out a parking space for two hours or so, so they could turn it into a mini-park for a day.
"It's all about creating awareness for a greener space because cities are becoming overpowered by traffic and it's not good for humans. It's about rethinking objects and waste and getting creative with city spaces."
There were interesting displays for everyone interested in learning how to save money on making their area "greener", according to Ms Conroy.
"It's nice because it's a group project. We have the South Limerick City Residents Association along with us and they are just such an inspiration.
She said she would "love" if the City Council would provide a permanent space for this initiative.
Diarmuid Hegarty
Limerick's Hegarty an injury doubt for All-Ireland hurling semi final
Richie McCarthy celebrates in Croke Park last August
Limerick hurling star back in full training ahead of All-Ireland semi final with Kilkenny
Limerick rugby player enters the Love Island villa - and his heart is set on Maura
Limerick Golf Course attracted some famous faces over the weekend
Around 50 caravans have been parked on lands to the rear of the Raheen Industrial Estate.
IDA seeks order to move caravans off Limerick site
Barry Quilligan attempted to secure two cars and a van using a single chain
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Here's everything you need to know about Love Island's Greg O'Shea
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Burglary suspect in Limerick city wore high-vis jacket
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Limerick's littlest garda gets his brand new uniform
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BIRMINGHAM – Out of a pool of almost 100 nominees statewide, two Cullman area business owners brought home Retailer of the Year honors Tuesday at the Alabama Retail Association (ARA) awards luncheon in Birmingham.
Annette Harris of Rumors Deli earned a bronze award in the small business category. Shannon and Dustin Beaty of Jasper's Lavish Boutique, who recently opened a second shop in Cullman's Warehouse District, took silver in the next category up, as well as winning the ARA's Customers' Choice Award in a social media contest.
Annette Harris, owner and president of Rumors Deli Inc. in Cullman, is now a two-time Alabama Retailer of the Year. Tuesday, Harris received the bronze award in the Annual Sales Less Than $1 Million category during the Alabama Retail Day awards luncheon. Rumors Deli was one of 13 retail businesses honored as Retailers of the Year. This year's winners came from a pool of almost 100 nominees.
"I love what I do. And I love watching people enjoy the food that we fix," said Harris. Rumors Deli is a local favorite, famous for its steamed sandwiches with names like "The Tattletale," "Mouth of the South" and "The Hearsay," it also offers a variety of salads, wraps, paninis, desserts and breakfast items.
Rumors Deli, which has been in business for 18 years, moved to a new location in Cullman in April of this year. The judges noted that the successful move to a renovated location was impressive, including the addition of new menu items, a pick-up window, added parking, expanded seating, venue rentals and retail offerings.
See the full report at www.alabamaretail.org/news/rumors-deli-2018/ and category video at www.facebook.com/AlabamaRetail/videos/544873042601503/.
Shannon and Dustin Beaty pray before they make major life decisions, including business decisions.
"There is so much heart and passion in this business," the Alabama Retailer of the Year judges said about the Beatys and Lavish Boutique and Coffee Bar, which earned the title of Alabama's 2018 Silver Retailer of the Year Award in the Annual Sales $1 Million to $5 Million category. The Alabama Retail Association on Tuesday honored the couple at its Retail Day luncheon in Birmingham. Carr, Riggs & Ingram CPAs and Advisors, Slappey Communications and the University of Alabama's Culverhouse College of Business were the luncheon sponsors.
Customers reciprocate that love to Lavish Boutique and Coffee Bar, which was also recognized as the Alabama Retailer of the Year Customers' Choice Award winner for 2018. Among the 54 Alabama Retailer of the Year entries, the women's clothing and accessory store garnered the most votes between June 27 and July 11 in a Facebook contest. The store received 3,112 of 23,609 votes cast.
See the full report at www.alabamaretail.org/news/lavish-boutique-coffee-bar/ and category video at www.facebook.com/AlabamaRetail/videos/288332668673263/.


Grace and peace to you from God the Father, and our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Amen!
What a curious text we have this morning. (John 9:1-41) What shall we do with it? I could read it again, but that would fill up half of my preaching time. This is a curious text, because Jesus is relatively absent for most of it. He comes in at the beginning and ending, kind of like bookends to a story. This chapter of John is really the story of the blind man that Jesus healed, and everything he went though after Jesus entered his life. So let's take a look.
So, Jesus and his disciples are walking along, and they see a bind man. The disciples ask Jesus who's to blame for the man's blindness. You see they're thinking back to Moses and the Ten Commandments, where God says that God will revisit the evil that person does for three or four generations. So, the disciples think that because someone messed up, this man is blind, and they want to know who's fault it is. But Jesus answers that it wasn't this man or his parents. There's a lesson in itself. Sometimes bad things happen to good people. But God can even use the bad things for good, and so this is where Jesus steps in. Jesus knows what this man needs, and seeks to do the will of God, and so he spat into the dirt, made mud, and rubbed it into the man's eyes. Now, I'm not an eye doctor, but I don' think that's how curing blindness works. I generally try to keep dirt out of my eyes, but in this case, Jesus knows what he's doing. Just as in the beginning, when God created man from dirt and the word, Jesus was creating anew. Jesus sends the blind man to the pool of Siloam to wash, and then the man came back being able to see.
What follows for the man is a huge legal battle, as neighbors, onlookers, and the Pharisees all try to have their say about what really happened. No one can seem to believe that this man, blind from birth, can now see. First the neighbors argued whether it was the same blind man or not. Then the pharisees argued that the person who did the healing couldn't be from God, he worked on the Sabbath! When the blind man tries to speak in his own defense about what happened, no one believes him. So the people call in the formerly blind man's parents to testify that yes, this is their son, and yes, he was born blind, and no, we don't know how or who healed him. But it's okay to ask him about it, he's of legal age to speak for himself. When they talk to the formerly blind man again, they try to get him to claim their side of things, and have him call Jesus a sinner. They just wanted to be right, they didn't care what actually happened. But when the formerly blind man told them the same things as what he did before, they became angry and drove him out.
So, now it's time for Jesus to re-enter the story. Jesus had heard that this man had been driven out, and came and found the man. Understandably, it had been a rough first day with having sight. Jesus asks the man, "Do you believe in the Son of Man?" to which the man replies with a question, asking who is the Son of Man. When Jesus reveals that he his that person, the formerly blind man responds with "Lord, I believe," and worships Jesus. Jesus responds by saying that he came into the world so that those who can't see may now see, and those who claimed to be able to see would now be blinded.
So, what do we do with this text. Well to start out, I want to talk about two things, blindness and boldness. On blindness, John's gospel has several mentions of light/dark, seeing/blindness paradoxes. You see, the man that this story centers around faced physical blindness all of his life. Then Jesus entered, and took the blindness away. There are several times throughout John's gospel that Jesus claims that he is the light of the world. By comparison, the Pharisees claim that the could see all along. And here's a funny twist: The blind man sees what the Pharisees do not. The only way people can approach the light of God shown in the person of Jesus is acknowledging their own blindness. Approaching Jesus pretending to know (Nicodemus) or to see (Pharisees) amounts to spiritual blindness. As the chapter progresses, "blindness" moves from a physical to a spiritual level. By the end, the blind man not only sees in a physical way but also believes, receives spiritual light.
And now on boldness: Recently, there's been a statue in the news. There is a giant bull statue on Wall street. It stands at about eleven feet tall, and weighs about 7,100 pounds. It's head is lowered, it's nostrils are flared, and it's horns are ready to go. But this isn't the statue that is in the news that I'm talking about. The statue I'm talking about is a recent addition that is a little girl that stands feet apart, hands on hips, chest out, and chin up, facing down the bull. You see, I can imagine that this was the position of the blind man as he stood up to the pharisees. They had all the power, all the ability, and all the strength to make things happen in the community in that day. And here was a man, so small an inconsequential, that they weren't even willing to listen to what he was saying.
Dear friends in Christ, today's gospel lesson is about blindness and boldness. You see, during the season of Lent, we talk about what God has done for all of us through Jesus Christ. Christ died a horrible death for you, for you, for all of us, and for me. And now God is still at work in our lives today through the Holy Spirit. Now, there are times that can see God at work in our lives, in the big things and small things. But there will always be someone or someones to try to bury us under legal work. "Did God really do that in your life?" "Are you sure that it wasn't something else?" Dear friends in Christ, take heart. God loves you so much that Jesus Christ would die for you so that all of us can live lives of redemption and grace. We know that God works in our lives, even without us asking God to do so, and God can even work evil and turn it into good. And so my prayer for you is that when you see and when you speak about what God has done in your live, you too may stand with hands on hips, chest out, and chin up, facing down the bull, and tell others what God has done in your life.


Specific account questions or concerns.
Anything pertaining to billing, fees and / or tier.
Specific region / viewer performance issues.
Details on the meeting and the agenda can be found on the Concierge & Land official SL user group wiki page.
The meeting included a reminder that the Estate Access Management (EAM) viewer is currently in project viewer status (version 5.2.0.518362 dated August 9th, at the time of writing). My own overview of this viewer can be found here.
A suggestion has been made to add a field to record the reason a person was banned from a region / estate.
It is not clear if the parcel level access controls will be updated to reflect the changed made to the region / estate controls.
There have been recent issued with "buggy" scripts using llunsit on group deeded private land that can result in avatars sitting on the affected objects to be unseated under very specific (and rare) situations. The Lab is aware of the issue, which has proven difficult to track down, resulting in feature request BUG-225443 being put forward to allow people to better identify objects that may be causing the unsits when they occur.
We're still in the evaluation stage and aren't quite ready to officially change that policy just yet … We've been urging people to send in the request in a ticket. We're using that response to kind of judge whether it should be officially changed or not.
Should this be the case, the policy will be updated, and a Land blog post made to announce that has now officially changed.
To help promote the Concierge & Land User Group, it's been suggested that an in-world group is established that land owners can join to be kept appraised of meetings and news. This is being looked into. If such a group is established, I'll add the details to these meeting summaries.


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Sergio Ramírez, Laura Restrepo, Camila Sosa and John Boyne: The FIL of Guadalajara 2021 returns to face-to-face
by admin_l6ma5gus
A man looks at a book at FIL in Guadalajara.HÉCTOR GUERRERO
The International Book Fair (FIL) will return this November to the streets of Guadalajara, a year after the coronavirus pandemic forced the previous edition, number 34, to be held virtually. The convention, one of the most important cultural events on the continent, announced this Monday that it will return with guests of honor. From November 27 to December 5, its 255 exhibitors will be attended by more than 600 narrators from 47 countries: the emblematic Nicaraguan writer, now exiled in Costa Rica, Sergio Ramírez; Laura Restrepo, author of Delirium (Santillana, 2004), considered one of the best books of Colombian literature of the 20th century; Camila Sosa, whose novel The evil ones (Tusquets, 2019), about the life of a group of transvestites at the beginning of the century in Argentina, swept bookstores last year; John Boyne, who rose to world fame with The Boy in the Striped Pajamas (2006); Margo Glantz; Carmen Aristegui; Claudia Piñeiro; Enrique Krauze or Juan Gabriel Vásquez, among many others.
This edition will work with a hybrid format, although 70% of the activities will be face-to-face. Authors such as Cristina Rivera Garza, Paul Auster, Etgar Keret, Muriel Barbery, Ken Follet, Isabel Allende, Jonathan Franzen and Amin Maalouf will also participate in the virtual events. The guest of honor this year will be Peru, which was not without controversy when announcing its representatives: in denouncing the notable absences of writers such as Katya Adaui, Karina Pacheco or Gabriela Wiener, nine authors announced last September that they would not attend FIL for the changes that the Government of Pedro Castillo made to the list of intellectuals chosen to represent the Andean country.
"With the endorsement of the Specialized Board of Health of the Government of the State of Jalisco and the advice of the Health Situation Room for Covid-19 of the University of Guadalajara and the Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, the Guadalajara International Book Fair will return in face-to-face format at Expo Guadalajara, with some adjustments, changes and protocols to guarantee the safety and health of its visitors, participants, professionals and exhibitors ", the organization has expressed in a statement. Among the new measures, there is the mandatory use of the mask, two-way corridors to avoid crowds, or two separate visiting shifts: from nine in the morning to two in the afternoon and from four in the afternoon to nine at night. The two hours between time slots will be used to disinfect the spaces.
In its desire to also incorporate relevant personalities from the world of science or politics, in addition to arts and culture, FIL has invited the famous ethologist Jane Goodall; Sasha Sagan, the daughter of astronomer Carl Sagan and writer Ann Druyan; the former Spanish president José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero; Chandran Kukathas or Catalina Botero. As was already announced last August, the FIL Prize for Literature 2021 – awarded with 150,000 dollars, about 130,000 euros – will go to the Chilean Diamela Eltit, in recognition of the set of a work that, according to the representative of the jury, Lorena Amaro, " it transcends literary conventions "and" renews the reflection on literature, language and power at the turn of the century ". In addition, the Mexican Margo Glantz will obtain the Medal Carlos Fuentes.
Tickets can be obtained for the first time online and will be priced at 25 pesos for adults and 20 pesos (around one euro) for children, students, teachers with a credential, the elderly and people with disabilities.
Subscribe here to newsletter of EL PAÍS México and receive all the informative keys of the current situation of this country
#Sergio #Ramírez #Laura #Restrepo #Camila #Sosa #John #Boyne #FIL #Guadalajara #returns #facetoface
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Facebook's vision: What is behind the "Metaverse"
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South Walton is home to some of the most beautiful beaches in the world - but it's not just about surf and sand! The Emerald Coast is rich with events and activities. World class fishing tournaments, international film festivals, and wine tastings contribute to the vibrant culture of South Walton.


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What Method Was Used by the African National Congress to Fight Apartheid?
RITA KENNEDY
... Christopher Furlong/Getty Images News/Getty Images
Although the African National Congress, or ANC, was formed in 1912, it did not play a significant role in South African political life until the 1940s. From then onward, the ANC used a variety of strategies to resist the imposition of apartheid in South Africa. This system of government, implemented in 1948, introduced racial segregation. White South Africans lived privileged lives while the black majority was discriminated against in virtually all areas of life.
Early Resistance
Nonviolent Confrontation
Mobilizing the International Community
1 Early Resistance
During the 1940s, the Communist Party of South Africa organized political resistance to the government, for example through bus boycotts and protests against housing policies. In 1944, the ANC set up a youth wing which began to get involved in these mass protests. Official ANC policy changed in 1949 when it adopted the youth-wing-influenced "Programme of Action," a pledge to resist the recently imposed apartheid system through strikes, boycotts and civil disobedience.
2 Nonviolent Confrontation
ANC resistance remained largely nonviolent throughout the 1950s. The 1952 Defiance Campaign involved people volunteering to break the law, for example by entering "whites only" parks, breaking curfew and refusing to carry their identity passes. Around 8,000 people were arrested. The campaign did not meet its goal of breaking apartheid, but ANC membership rose from 7,000 to 100,000. State action in heavily fining or even jailing participants forced the ANC to abandon the campaign after a few months. ANC leader Albert Lutuli was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1960 for his role in this nonviolent campaign of resistance.
3 Armed Resistance
After the Sharpville massacre in 1960, when police killed 69 protestors and wounded a further 180, attitudes within the ANC began to harden. The following year, ANC activists, including Nelson Mandela, formed an armed wing called "Umkhonto weSizwe," or Spear of the Nation, popularly known as MK. Although the armed resistance campaign initially focused on acts of sabotage, such as the destruction of electricity pylons, in the 1970s and 1980s the campaign escalated to include attacks on police stations and car bombs.
4 Mobilizing the International Community
The ANC encouraged the international community to pressure the South African government for change by imposing a series of boycotts. Playwrights refused to let their works be performed in South Africa, actors refused the right to broadcast TV programs and films on South African stations, and the 240,000-strong Associated Actors and Artists of America unanimously agreed not to work in South Africa. Overseas tours by all-white South African sports teams were met with protests, and South African athletes were unable to compete in the Olympic Games between 1964 and 1992.
1 ANC: A Brief History of the African National Congress
2 BBC Archive: Apartheid in South Africa
3 Apartheid Museum: Resistance to Apartheid
4 South African History Online: ANC Adopts the Programme of Action
5 South African History Online: Defiance Campaign 1952
6 Nobel Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 1960, Albert Lutuli
7 South African History Online: Sharpville Massacre
8 South African History Online: Umkhonto weSizwe
9 Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory: Biography
10 South African History Online: Umkhonto weSizwe and the Armed Struggle
Rita Kennedy is a writer and researcher based in the United Kingdom. She began writing in 2002 and her work has appeared in several academic journals including "Memory Studies," the "Journal of Historical Geography" and the "Local Historian." She holds a Ph.D. in history and an honours degree in geography from the University of Ulster.
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A fire was reported at a Raleigh apartment complex on Tuesday.
The Durham museum announced on Facebook that six pups were born Monday morning, April 22. All appear to be in good health and are inside the museums red wolf habitat in its Explore the Wild exhibit, according to the museum.
Police officers found a loaded AK-47 under a 2-year-olds bed during a search of a Fayetteville home on Monday.
It was traumatizing, said a driver who was unharmed Tuesday morning when a large metal pipe bounced off a truck and into his windshield.
A fire broke out at a north Raleigh apartment complex Tuesday and was quickly knocked down.
Remains of a 1919 shipwreck have been unearthed by the tide along the coast of Surf City, the town announced.


text:
Q: Double Integral Question2 Evaluate $$\int\int_S xdydz+dzdx+xz^2dxdy$$
Where $S$ is the outer side of the part of the sphere $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$ in the first octant.
I need some hint to approach this problem.

A: Hints: assuming the first summand of the integral is $\,x\,dy\,dz\;$ , we have
== Stokes Theorem (also called the Curl Theorem);
== Now put
$$F(P,Q,R):\Bbb R^3\to \Bbb R^3\;,\;P,Q,R:\Bbb R^3\to\Bbb R\;,\;\;\;\left\{\begin{align*}\frac{\partial R}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial Q}{\partial z}&=x\\\frac{\partial P}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial R}{\partial x}&=1\\\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial P}{\partial y}&=xz^2\end{align*}\right.$$
Therefore, we're given the curf of the vector field, and the normal vector to $\,z=\sqrt{1-x^2-y^2}\,$ (towards outside the surface) is
$$\bf n:=(-z_x\,,\,-z_y\,,\,1)=\left(\frac x{\sqrt{1-x^2-y^2}}\,,\,\frac y{\sqrt{1-x^2-y^2}}\,,\,1\right)\;$$
Thus:
$$\text{curl}\,(F)\cdot\bf n=\frac{x^2+y}{\sqrt{1-x^2-y^2}}+xz^2$$
Now, in the first octant on the $\,xy-$plane, the given unit sphere cuts the half unit semicircle $\,x^2+y^2=1\;,\;\;0\le x,y\le 1\;$ , which we can parametrize as
$$x=r\cos t\;,\;\;y=r\sin t\;,\;\;0\le r\le 1\;,\;\;0\le t\le \frac\pi2$$
So passing to polar coordinates we get that out integral is
$$\int\limits_0^1\int\limits_0^{\pi/2}r\left(\frac{r^2\cos^2t+r\sin t}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}+r\cos t(1-r^2)\right)dt\,dr=$$
$$=\int\limits_0^1\int\limits_0^{\pi/2}\left(\frac{r^3}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}\cos^2t+\frac{r^2}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}\sin t+r^2(1-r^2)\cos t\right)dt\,dr=$$
$$=\int\limits_0^1\left(\frac{r^3}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}\left.\left.\frac{t+\cos t\sin t}2\right|_0^{\pi/2}-\left.\frac{r^2}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}\cos t\right|_0^{\pi/2}+r^2(1-r^2)\sin t\right|_0^{\pi/2}\right)dr=$$
$$=\frac\pi4\frac12\int\limits_0^1(-r^2)\frac{-2r}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}dr+\frac12\int\limits_0^1(-r)\frac{-2r}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}dr+\int\limits_0^1(r^2-r^4)dr=\;\ldots\ldots$$
Not the nicest thing but it already is ready, if I didn't make some mistake(s) here and there, to integrate by parts (and later a little trigonometric substitution)...


During my run back home today, I saw a lady running with a fully loaded Osprey Stratos 34 (2,000 cubic inches – 34 litres) on her back. Osprey makes amazing backpacks, but that particular one on this lady's back – whom was no more than 125 pounds after a good meal (50 kg), was just too big, to a point where her running stride was clearly impeded by it as the weight of the pack was constantly shifting from one side to the other.
Over the years, companies have built more and more packs that fit these requirements. My personal choice: the Deuter Race X.
At 5'10" and 160 pounds (1,78 m, 73 kg), the Deuter Race X (730 cubic inches – 12 litres) is the perfect run-commuting backpack for me. This bag is light (1.5 pounds – 600 g), and it fits well between my shoulder blades. Even if I load it to its fullest, it rarely weighs more than 10 pounds (4 kg). The shoulder straps are thin but comfortable and well adjusted, and the waiste and chest straps help keeping it snug against my back. Its compact size does not affect my running stride, and my arms can move as freely as if I had nothing on. In winter, it fits just as nicely over all the layers required to run through any kind of nasty weather (see Running Gear Fit to Face A Canadian Winter for more information on these layers).
The Deuter Race X fits me like a glove, but it has other very interesting characteristics. First, it is extremely durable – I have used it constantly, through all kinds of weather, for the past five years, over 6,000 kilometres (4,000 miles). The only thing that let go was the top pocket zipper, which I had fixed by a shoe maker.
The Deuter Race X has another interesting quality…it is very affordable (64$ Cdn at MEC; oddly, it appears to be more expensive in the US, at a cost of around 80$ US). Osprey (Raptor), Gregory (Miwok) and many other companies have bags just as good as this one, but none cheaper (at least in Canada). This bag also comes with an integrated rain cover and is pre-fitted for an hydration pocket (sold separately).
In conclusion, the Deuter Race X is the right size, the right fit and at the right price for most run commuters.
I mentioned above that I had my pack repaired by a shoe maker after the top pocket zipper gave up on me. I actually get lots of modifications or repairs done on my kit. I am a creature of habit, and I don't like to change gear that much. If anything breaks or annoys me, I always look for a way to fix it before thinking about getting newer equipment. There are all kinds of good reasons for doing it, but I mainly do it because I don't like changing things too much! Many years ago, on a long hike, I grabbed the wrong backpack and threw it on. Despite the fact that it was the exact same pack, I knew right away it was not mine, and I did not like that feeling. I then found my pack and put it on; the feeling was amazing, a bit like meeting an old friend you had not seen for a long time. All that to say that I like my gear and that I take super special care of it!
To get modifications or repairs done, I used to go to a normal shoe maker, but lately, I found a shoe maker that specializes in outdoor gear. The cool thing about that, is not only does the kit gets fixed, but it comes back just as good as new. Since gear can become expensive, I strongly encourage you to look for that kind of shop in your area. (if you live in the Ottawa region, check out Atelier hors Piste http://www.atelierhorspiste.com).


Deadline to Apply: 10-11-2016 upto 12pm.
Agrihunt is the largest Agricultural network of Pakistan. Subscribe first agricultural Jobs bank of Pakistan for our all job alerts, by sending your cv at: jagrarian@yahoo.com.
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In January of 2018, we had the chance to attend the United Soccer Coaches Convention. There we met many of the people whose names we had seen pop up as we fulfilled their orders. People stopped by to show us their Trainers that were filled with notes, sessions and lineups. The passion that so many of these coaches had was infectious and we walked away feeling more inspired than ever.
We wanted to give back to this community in some way, and what we came up with was Duktig Brand FC.
We posted an application so people could apply and once again were blown away by the responses. People wanted to change lives.
In addition to discounts on our products, our members trial new products before we release them to the public, give input on new ideas, and will be instrumental in guiding us to help build a coaching community based on always learning. In addition, some members have the privilege of a discount code that allows a kickback when purchases are made using it. This code has been enabled to certain members as well as some clubs and professional players. By making a purchase using one of these codes, customers are directly helping to support players, coaches, directors and other members of the soccer community to further their development.
Duktig Brand FC is a small step in the long journey we are taking to improve the lifestyles of coaches and players and in turn, improve the game. We know first-hand how powerful the game can be for people of all ages and what it can do for the quality of someone's life; so we are passionate about the future of the game in every aspect.


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The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 rev. ed.)
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