text:
package io.bigbang.protocol.wire;

import java.util.*;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import static io.bigbang.protocol.BigBangBinary.*;
import io.bigbang.protocol.PewMessage;
import io.bigbang.protocol.BigBangJson;
import io.bigbang.protocol.ByteArray;
import io.bigbang.protocol.JsonObject;

public class WireProtocol implements io.bigbang.protocol.PewProtocol  {

  private Map<Class,MessageTypes> messageTypeMap;

  public WireProtocol() {
      messageTypeMap = new HashMap<Class,MessageTypes>();
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelDataCreate.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelDataCreate );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelDataDel.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelDataDel );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelDataDelete.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelDataDelete );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelDataPut.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelDataPut );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelDataUpdate.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelDataUpdate );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelJoin.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelJoin );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelLeave.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelLeave );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelMessage.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelMessage );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelSubscribe.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelSubscribe );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireChannelUnSubscribe.class , MessageTypes.WireChannelUnSubscribe );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireConnectFailure.class , MessageTypes.WireConnectFailure );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireConnectRequest.class , MessageTypes.WireConnectRequest );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireConnectSuccess.class , MessageTypes.WireConnectSuccess );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireDisconnectRequest.class , MessageTypes.WireDisconnectRequest );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireDisconnectSuccess.class , MessageTypes.WireDisconnectSuccess );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WirePing.class , MessageTypes.WirePing );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WirePong.class , MessageTypes.WirePong );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireQueueMessage.class , MessageTypes.WireQueueMessage );
	  messageTypeMap.put( WireRpcMessage.class , MessageTypes.WireRpcMessage );

  }

  @Override
  public byte protocolId() {
        return (byte)0;
  }

  @Override
  public String protocolHash() {
        return "d96a44664eff8b2a710ded18e07ab927";
  }

  public enum MessageTypes {

    WireChannelDataCreate,
    WireChannelDataDel,
    WireChannelDataDelete,
    WireChannelDataPut,
    WireChannelDataUpdate,
    WireChannelJoin,
    WireChannelLeave,
    WireChannelMessage,
    WireChannelSubscribe,
    WireChannelUnSubscribe,
    WireConnectFailure,
    WireConnectRequest,
    WireConnectSuccess,
    WireDisconnectRequest,
    WireDisconnectSuccess,
    WirePing,
    WirePong,
    WireQueueMessage,
    WireRpcMessage,

    ;

    public static MessageTypes fromByte(byte b) {
        return MessageTypes.values()[(int)b];
    }

    public static byte toByte(MessageTypes t) {
        for (int i = 0; i < MessageTypes.values().length; i++) {
            if (t == MessageTypes.values()[i]) {
                return (byte) i;
            }
        }
        throw new RuntimeException("Cannot convert " + t + " to byte.");
    }
  }

  public interface WireProtocolProtocolListener {
        void onWireChannelDataCreate( WireChannelDataCreate msg, Object context );
        void onWireChannelDataDel( WireChannelDataDel msg, Object context );
        void onWireChannelDataDelete( WireChannelDataDelete msg, Object context );
        void onWireChannelDataPut( WireChannelDataPut msg, Object context );
        void onWireChannelDataUpdate( WireChannelDataUpdate msg, Object context );
        void onWireChannelJoin( WireChannelJoin msg, Object context );
        void onWireChannelLeave( WireChannelLeave msg, Object context );
        void onWireChannelMessage( WireChannelMessage msg, Object context );
        void onWireChannelSubscribe( WireChannelSubscribe msg, Object context );
        void onWireChannelUnSubscribe( WireChannelUnSubscribe msg, Object context );
        void onWireConnectFailure( WireConnectFailure msg, Object context );
        void onWireConnectRequest( WireConnectRequest msg, Object context );
        void onWireConnectSuccess( WireConnectSuccess msg, Object context );
        void onWireDisconnectRequest( WireDisconnectRequest msg, Object context );
        void onWireDisconnectSuccess( WireDisconnectSuccess msg, Object context );
        void onWirePing( WirePing msg, Object context );
        void onWirePong( WirePong msg, Object context );
        void onWireQueueMessage( WireQueueMessage msg, Object context );
        void onWireRpcMessage( WireRpcMessage msg, Object context );

  }

  @Override
  public ByteBuf wrap( PewMessage msg) {
      ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.buffer();
      ByteBuf msgBytes = msg.serializeBinary();
      buf.writeShort(  (short) ( msgBytes.writerIndex() +1) );
      buf.writeByte( MessageTypes.toByte( messageTypeMap.get(msg.getClass())) );
      buf.writeBytes(msgBytes);
      return buf;
  }

  @Override
  public ByteBuf wrapId( PewMessage msg) {
      ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.buffer();
      ByteBuf msgBytes = msg.serializeBinary();
      buf.writeByte( MessageTypes.toByte( messageTypeMap.get(msg.getClass())) );
      buf.writeBytes(msgBytes);
      return buf;
  }

  @Override
  public String wrapNetstring( PewMessage msg) {
      String msgStr = (int)MessageTypes.toByte( messageTypeMap.get(msg.getClass())) +":" + msg.serializeJson().toString();
      return BigBangJson.encode(msgStr);
  }

  @Override
  public PewMessage dispatchNetstring( ByteBuf b ) {
    return dispatchNetstring( b, null, null );
  }

  public PewMessage dispatchNetstring( ByteBuf b,  WireProtocolProtocolListener listener, Object context ) {
        byte[] arr = new byte[b.writerIndex()];
        b.getBytes(0, arr);

        String s =  new String(arr, java.nio.charset.Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        String[] ary = s.split(":", 2);
        //String []  ary = b.getString(0, b.writerIndex()).split(":", 2);
        MessageTypes t =MessageTypes.fromByte((byte)Integer.parseInt(ary[0]));
        PewMessage pew = null;

        switch (t) {
                case WireChannelDataCreate:
                  WireChannelDataCreate WireChannelDataCreate_msg = new WireChannelDataCreate();
                  WireChannelDataCreate_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelDataCreate_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataCreate( WireChannelDataCreate_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireChannelDataDel:
                  WireChannelDataDel WireChannelDataDel_msg = new WireChannelDataDel();
                  WireChannelDataDel_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelDataDel_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataDel( WireChannelDataDel_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireChannelDataDelete:
                  WireChannelDataDelete WireChannelDataDelete_msg = new WireChannelDataDelete();
                  WireChannelDataDelete_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelDataDelete_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataDelete( WireChannelDataDelete_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireChannelDataPut:
                  WireChannelDataPut WireChannelDataPut_msg = new WireChannelDataPut();
                  WireChannelDataPut_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelDataPut_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataPut( WireChannelDataPut_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireChannelDataUpdate:
                  WireChannelDataUpdate WireChannelDataUpdate_msg = new WireChannelDataUpdate();
                  WireChannelDataUpdate_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelDataUpdate_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataUpdate( WireChannelDataUpdate_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireChannelJoin:
                  WireChannelJoin WireChannelJoin_msg = new WireChannelJoin();
                  WireChannelJoin_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelJoin_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelJoin( WireChannelJoin_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireChannelLeave:
                  WireChannelLeave WireChannelLeave_msg = new WireChannelLeave();
                  WireChannelLeave_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelLeave_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelLeave( WireChannelLeave_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireChannelMessage:
                  WireChannelMessage WireChannelMessage_msg = new WireChannelMessage();
                  WireChannelMessage_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelMessage_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelMessage( WireChannelMessage_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireChannelSubscribe:
                  WireChannelSubscribe WireChannelSubscribe_msg = new WireChannelSubscribe();
                  WireChannelSubscribe_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelSubscribe_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelSubscribe( WireChannelSubscribe_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireChannelUnSubscribe:
                  WireChannelUnSubscribe WireChannelUnSubscribe_msg = new WireChannelUnSubscribe();
                  WireChannelUnSubscribe_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireChannelUnSubscribe_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelUnSubscribe( WireChannelUnSubscribe_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireConnectFailure:
                  WireConnectFailure WireConnectFailure_msg = new WireConnectFailure();
                  WireConnectFailure_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireConnectFailure_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireConnectFailure( WireConnectFailure_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireConnectRequest:
                  WireConnectRequest WireConnectRequest_msg = new WireConnectRequest();
                  WireConnectRequest_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireConnectRequest_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireConnectRequest( WireConnectRequest_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireConnectSuccess:
                  WireConnectSuccess WireConnectSuccess_msg = new WireConnectSuccess();
                  WireConnectSuccess_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireConnectSuccess_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireConnectSuccess( WireConnectSuccess_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireDisconnectRequest:
                  WireDisconnectRequest WireDisconnectRequest_msg = new WireDisconnectRequest();
                  WireDisconnectRequest_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireDisconnectRequest_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireDisconnectRequest( WireDisconnectRequest_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireDisconnectSuccess:
                  WireDisconnectSuccess WireDisconnectSuccess_msg = new WireDisconnectSuccess();
                  WireDisconnectSuccess_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireDisconnectSuccess_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireDisconnectSuccess( WireDisconnectSuccess_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WirePing:
                  WirePing WirePing_msg = new WirePing();
                  WirePing_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WirePing_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWirePing( WirePing_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WirePong:
                  WirePong WirePong_msg = new WirePong();
                  WirePong_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WirePong_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWirePong( WirePong_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireQueueMessage:
                  WireQueueMessage WireQueueMessage_msg = new WireQueueMessage();
                  WireQueueMessage_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireQueueMessage_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireQueueMessage( WireQueueMessage_msg, context );

                  break;
                case WireRpcMessage:
                  WireRpcMessage WireRpcMessage_msg = new WireRpcMessage();
                  WireRpcMessage_msg.deSerializeJson( new JsonObject( ary[1] ));
                  pew = WireRpcMessage_msg;

                  if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireRpcMessage( WireRpcMessage_msg, context );

                  break;

            default:
                throw new RuntimeException("Error dispatching ProtocolMessage of type " + t);
        }

        return pew;

  }

  @Override
  public ByteBuf stripLengthBinary( ByteBuf buf ) {
        ByteBuf ret = Unpooled.buffer();
        buf.readBytes(ret, 2, buf.writerIndex()) ;
        return ret;
        //return buf.getBuffer(2, buf.writerIndex());
  }

  @Override
  public PewMessage dispatch( ByteBuf b ) {
        return dispatch( b, null, null );
  }

  public PewMessage dispatch( ByteBuf buf, WireProtocolProtocolListener listener, Object context) {

        MessageTypes t = MessageTypes.fromByte(buf.readByte());
        PewMessage pew = null;

        switch (t) {
                case WireChannelDataCreate:
                WireChannelDataCreate WireChannelDataCreate_msg = new WireChannelDataCreate();
                WireChannelDataCreate_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelDataCreate_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataCreate( WireChannelDataCreate_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireChannelDataDel:
                WireChannelDataDel WireChannelDataDel_msg = new WireChannelDataDel();
                WireChannelDataDel_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelDataDel_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataDel( WireChannelDataDel_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireChannelDataDelete:
                WireChannelDataDelete WireChannelDataDelete_msg = new WireChannelDataDelete();
                WireChannelDataDelete_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelDataDelete_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataDelete( WireChannelDataDelete_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireChannelDataPut:
                WireChannelDataPut WireChannelDataPut_msg = new WireChannelDataPut();
                WireChannelDataPut_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelDataPut_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataPut( WireChannelDataPut_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireChannelDataUpdate:
                WireChannelDataUpdate WireChannelDataUpdate_msg = new WireChannelDataUpdate();
                WireChannelDataUpdate_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelDataUpdate_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelDataUpdate( WireChannelDataUpdate_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireChannelJoin:
                WireChannelJoin WireChannelJoin_msg = new WireChannelJoin();
                WireChannelJoin_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelJoin_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelJoin( WireChannelJoin_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireChannelLeave:
                WireChannelLeave WireChannelLeave_msg = new WireChannelLeave();
                WireChannelLeave_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelLeave_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelLeave( WireChannelLeave_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireChannelMessage:
                WireChannelMessage WireChannelMessage_msg = new WireChannelMessage();
                WireChannelMessage_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelMessage_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelMessage( WireChannelMessage_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireChannelSubscribe:
                WireChannelSubscribe WireChannelSubscribe_msg = new WireChannelSubscribe();
                WireChannelSubscribe_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelSubscribe_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelSubscribe( WireChannelSubscribe_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireChannelUnSubscribe:
                WireChannelUnSubscribe WireChannelUnSubscribe_msg = new WireChannelUnSubscribe();
                WireChannelUnSubscribe_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireChannelUnSubscribe_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireChannelUnSubscribe( WireChannelUnSubscribe_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireConnectFailure:
                WireConnectFailure WireConnectFailure_msg = new WireConnectFailure();
                WireConnectFailure_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireConnectFailure_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireConnectFailure( WireConnectFailure_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireConnectRequest:
                WireConnectRequest WireConnectRequest_msg = new WireConnectRequest();
                WireConnectRequest_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireConnectRequest_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireConnectRequest( WireConnectRequest_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireConnectSuccess:
                WireConnectSuccess WireConnectSuccess_msg = new WireConnectSuccess();
                WireConnectSuccess_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireConnectSuccess_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireConnectSuccess( WireConnectSuccess_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireDisconnectRequest:
                WireDisconnectRequest WireDisconnectRequest_msg = new WireDisconnectRequest();
                WireDisconnectRequest_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireDisconnectRequest_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireDisconnectRequest( WireDisconnectRequest_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireDisconnectSuccess:
                WireDisconnectSuccess WireDisconnectSuccess_msg = new WireDisconnectSuccess();
                WireDisconnectSuccess_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireDisconnectSuccess_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireDisconnectSuccess( WireDisconnectSuccess_msg, context );

                break;
                case WirePing:
                WirePing WirePing_msg = new WirePing();
                WirePing_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WirePing_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWirePing( WirePing_msg, context );

                break;
                case WirePong:
                WirePong WirePong_msg = new WirePong();
                WirePong_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WirePong_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWirePong( WirePong_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireQueueMessage:
                WireQueueMessage WireQueueMessage_msg = new WireQueueMessage();
                WireQueueMessage_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireQueueMessage_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireQueueMessage( WireQueueMessage_msg, context );

                break;
                case WireRpcMessage:
                WireRpcMessage WireRpcMessage_msg = new WireRpcMessage();
                WireRpcMessage_msg.deSerializeBinary( buf );
                pew = WireRpcMessage_msg;

                if( null != listener )
                    listener.onWireRpcMessage( WireRpcMessage_msg, context );

                break;

          default:
              throw new RuntimeException("Error dispatching ProtocolMessage of type " + t);
      }

      return pew;

  }

}


text:
Chiesa anglicana
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Roma

Chiesa cattolica
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Bergamo
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Firenze
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Camino al Tagliamento
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Mantova
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Monaco di Baviera
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Novara
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Ospedaletto
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Padova
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Parma
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Reggio Emilia
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa cattolica di Roma
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Roncade
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Sutrio in provincia di Udine
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Trani in provincia di Barletta
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Valenzano in provincia di Bari
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Venezia
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Venezia-Pellestrina
Chiesa di Ognissanti – chiesa di Vilnius

Pagine correlate
 Chiesa di Tutti i Santi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
…18 Major Moments In Hispanic History That All Americans Need To Know…
Straight Arrow	Home	 September 21, 2017 September 17, 2017 7 Minutes
Hispanic-American history is American history.
From the first explorations into North America nearly a century before Jamestown to the banning of Mexican-American Studies in Arizona, here are 18 Latino historical events that every American should know.
1 Cabeza De Vaca
What Happened: Hispanics, including mestizos, indigenous and Afro-descended people from the area today known as Mexico, explored North America almost a century before the British first founded Jamestown.
Why It Matters: Hispanics aren't foreigners in this country. Latinos, particularly those with Mesoamerican roots, have deeper roots in North America than those with other European backgrounds.
2 Los Angeles Founded In 1781
JOE KLAMAR via Getty Images
What Happened: A group of Spaniards, Afro-Latinos, indigenous people and mestizos setting out from colonial-era Mexico traveled into California and founded the city of Los Angeles.
Why It Matters: As of July 2014, Los Angeles is the city with the country's largest Hispanic population, at nearly 5 million.
3 José Martí Lived In New York City
What Happened: Poet, revolutionary and Cuban nationalist José Martí spent four years in New York City, where he wrote for both English- and Spanish-language newspapers, developing ideas that would influence his thinking about the often tense relationship between the U.S. and Latin America.
Why It Matters: Martí was one of Latin America's greatest intellectuals, earning him a statue in front of Central Park in Manhattan.
4 U.S. Extends Citizenship To Puerto Ricans In 1917
What Happened: Perhaps not for the most altruistic of reasons, the United States extended both citizenship and, shortly after, military conscription to Puerto Rico in 1917, as World War I raged on in Europe.
Why It Matters: Puerto Ricans are American just like anyone born in the 50 states.
5 First Hispanic U.S. Senator
What Happened: Octaviano Larrazolo of New Mexico became the first Hispanic elected to the U.S. Senate. As a politician, he pushed to boost Hispanic representation so that the political system would reflect the state's population. He also helped write portions of the state's constitution guaranteeing that people of Mexican descent wouldn't be disfranchised.
Why It Matters: Because score Team Latino!
6 Mendez v. Westminster Decided
What Happened: Before Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, the courts ruled it unconstitutional to segregate students of Mexican heritage into inferior schools. The plaintiff, Sylvia Mendez, sued after being turned away from a "whites only" public school in California.
Why It Matters: The 1947 decision from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals helped pave the way for Brown v. Board of Education and played a key role in making school segregation illegal. This undated image provided by the U.S. Postal Service shows a 41-cent postage stamp, to be released Friday, Sept. 14 in Santa Ana, California, commemorating the 1946 court decision, Mendez v. Westminster School District, that paved the way for the nation's school desegregation.
7 The Longoria Affairs Shook Texas Politics In 1948
What Happened: Private Felix Longoria was killed in the Philippines as World War II came to an end. When his body was recovered and returned to his hometown of Three Rivers, Texas, the director of the funeral home forbad the family from using the chapel because he feared white residents would disapprove.
The G.I. Forum, a civil rights organization led by Hector P. Garcia, organized a campaign that caught the attention of then-U.S. Sen. Lyndon Johnson. He arranged for Longoria to be buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
Why It Matters: This repudiation of anti-Mexican-American sentiment stands as a milestone in the march toward the guarantee of Latinos' civil rights.
8 The Cuban Revolution Comes To Power In 1959
Imagno via Getty Images
What Happened: Following the triumph of the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and its sharp leftward turn within the next two years, Fidel Castro established a Communist government that remains in place today.
Why It Matters: More than one million Cubans left the island as the Revolution became more radical, with most of them settling in Miami, Florida, a city they transformed. Subsequent waves of Cubans migrated to the United States in the 1980s, with the Mariel boatlift, and the 1990s, after the fall of the Soviet Union upended the island's economy.
9 Delano Grape Pickers Strike Of 1965-1970
(AP Photo)
What Happened: In 1965, Filipino and Latino farmworker unions joined in a strike, and later a boycott of grapes in the Delano area of California to protest poor conditions. The five-year campaign ultimately succeeded in forcing the grape producers to sign union contracts.
Why It Matters: This early victory helped secure the place of the United Farm Works and its leader Cesar Chavez, all of whom were key players in the Latino civil rights movement.
10 Zoot Suit Riots
What Happened: In the 1940s, tensions in California rose between Chicanos and the Anglo sailors living there. Authorities viewed many young Chicanos, who favored baggy zoot suits, as criminals. Sailors went around beating them up. The tensions eventually erupted into a week of rioting in June 1943, when some 200 sailors descended upon Los Angeles and severely beat several "pachucos," at times stripping the suits from their bodies. The violence was met with indifference from police.
Why It Matters: The Zoot Suit Riots stand as a prominent example of the discrimination faced by the Mexican-American community that offers context for the Latino civil rights movement.
11 The Killing Of Ruben Salazar
What Happened: During a riot in 1970, police shot prominent journalist Ruben Salazar with a tear gas canister while he was drinking a beer at the Silver Dollar Bar and Cafe in Los Angeles, killing him.
Why It Matters: Salazar was one of the great Mexican-American journalists of his time, who covered local politics with the same vigor as he covered foreign wars. His killing is viewed by many as a symbol of the injustices committed against the Chicano community in California.
12 Roberto Clemente Helps Change MLB History
What Happened: A champion of black and Hispanic rights who began his career before the end of segregation, Roberto Clemente was the first Latino in professional baseball to reach 3,000 hits. He played in two World Series, winning MVP in the 1971 games.
"My greatest satisfaction comes from helping to erase the old opinion about Latin Americans and blacks," Clemente said toward the end of his career. He died in a plane crash in 1972 while delivering supplies to Nicaragua after an earthquake.
Why It Matters: The trailblazing Puerto Rican-born ballplayer not only built a stellar career, but also acted as politically conscious representative of the Latino community at a time when professional sports included few Hispanics. Score Team Latino!
13 1986 Immigration Reform
Former President Ronald Reagan (AP)
What Happened: In 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed an immigration reform into law that legalized the status of some 3 million people.
Why It Matters: It proves that passing comprehensive immigration legislation is possible.
14 NAFTA Signed In 1994
What Happened: Mexico, the United States and Canada signed a free trade agreement in 1994 that reduced trade barriers between the three countries.
Though money was allowed to cross borders more freely, people were not. Millions of Mexican farm workers lost their jobs as cheap U.S. imports put Mexican farms out of business. Many of those migrants eventually wound up in the United States.
Why It Matters: Many Americans think that Latinos leave their countries of origin in order to pursue the American dream. In fact, economic policies that dry up Latin American jobs drive illegal immigration more than the intangible lure of a foreign lifestyle.
15 Prop 187
What Happened: California Gov. Pete Wilson (R) championed this draconian referendum that would have made it illegal to provide public services, including schools and hospitals, to undocumented immigrants. Challenged in the courts, the law never went into effect.
Why It Matters: Prop 187 paved the way for a long series of anti-immigrant legislation championed by nativists generally allied with the Republican Party. These laws, that many Latinos view as an attack on their communities, help to explain why the GOP consistently underperforms among Hispanic voters.
16 Mexican-American Studies Banned In Arizona
What Happened: Following allegations that an experimental Mexican-American Studies curriculum in Tucson, Arizona politicized students, Republican politicians passed legislation to shut it down. Under pressure from state officials, the local board of education dismantled the program, credited by independent researchers with boosting student achievement and fostering critical thinking skills. A lawsuit challenging the legislation has been appealed to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
Why It Matters: There are those in this country who feel so threatened by Hispanics that they refuse to let us learn our history.
17 Largest Ethnic Group In The Most Populous U.S. State
FREDERIC J. BROWN via Getty Images
What Happened: Last year, Latinos became the largest ethnic group in the state of California, overtaking non-Hispanic whites.
Why It Matters: Latinos constantly deal with the misperception that we're somehow more foreign than the other immigrant-descended people who live here. In fact, about two-thirds of U.S. Hispanics were born in this country. In places like California or New Mexico, where Latinos are the largest ethnic group, it's become increasingly impossible to deny that Latinos are as American as everyone else.
18 "The Pill" Trials In Puerto Rico
Tim Matsui via Getty Images
What happened: Working class Puerto Rican women were used as human guinea pigs for the birth control pill during the late '50s. Many of them were not told the pill was experimental and were unaware of the potential negative side effects. Additionally, their symptoms were often ignored or thought to be psychosomatic. Three women who participated in the trial died. No investigation was ever conducted to see if the pill had caused their deaths.
Why it matters: The pill is a birth control method most widely used by white women, women in their teens and twenties, never-married and cohabiting women, childless women and college graduates, reports the Guttmacher Institute.
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There are eight of us sitting in a circle in a quaker meeting house near Hammersmith. In another part of the building there is a constant hum of chatter amid the fading aromas of a delicious north African lunch. The voices are a mix, this is London after all: English, Arabic, French, Congolese and a few more.
In our room we are all silent, waiting for the session to begin, waiting to just breathe and to perhaps find a way to put aside the worries that exist for all the participants. Six of the eight are refugees, we are in the West London Welcome centre. The session is a meditation and mindfulness class.
The centre, established by Joanne MacInnes and Seema Alibhai, offers a day of respite, education, advice, activities and really good food to people who find themselves here in London, from Syria, the DRC, Eastern Europe. They are all waiting, waiting for their cases to be processed. For some this is 2 years and for others it is as much as five.
My class is intended to be a pause, a literal breathing space, a chance to press the pause button of our day to day travails. Not to solve, I say, but to watch them and perhaps to begin to change our relationship with them. The theme for today is 'Settling'. It comes in the form of a self-query, as much of my teaching and practices do, to ask ourselves if we can settle as we sit, breathe and observe our immediate experiences: our thoughts, feelings and physical sensations. This is mindful awareness, breathing and watching, it is the basis of a meditative practice.
I excuse my poor French and non-existent Arabic and along with English, start to use gestures and a great visual aid to demonstrate this settling technique. This resonates with all of them, reminding me of our creative potential, our childs-mind as the Buddhists would say. Their eyes close gently and I offer them the possibility of just observing thoughts, feelings and the body as it is now, and then to allow all of this to settle like dust while we settle our minds on our breathing for five minutes. We then open our eyes and notice a change in the room, a palpable stillness. There is no rush to do anything, nothing to achieve I tell them. We discuss the practice and any issues arising, what the word Settle means to everyone. some speak, some just sit and listen. The idea or ideal, I say, is if our lives are currently in upheaval, areas out of our control, if we are needing some stability then perhaps we can give this to ourselves in five minute practices. We can this take this sense of being settled, of calmness into whatever needs dealing with next. A few nods, a few quizzical looks. I say please don't believe me, just try it.
We practice again, and another three short times, layering the language and experiences each time, until by the final one, we have a real sense of stillness and hopefully a greater awareness of our immediate experiences: thoughts, feelings and senses. I close the class with a short check-out, asking them not to disappear as there is a Yoga class to follow. The door opens and we are flooded with the din of people moving from the other activities, to getting hotdrinks and nibbles. Volunteers, staff and the guests themselves. People who have found themselves displaced, a long way from the home and life they knew, looking to find a little piece of certainty.
The centre strives to provide them with a haven for a day. I hope my class gives them, even for 30 minutes, the tranquillity they deserve.
I will be running the next 8 week Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction courses in September 2018. In preparation for that I will be putting on some short taster classes for anyone curious to learn how to settle within a busy, frantic life.
Simon Heale is a Mindfulness Teacher, Sports and Remedial Therapist.


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Pretend you're chilling in Rio de Janeiro as we provide the musical background of jazzy, sultry Bossa Nova.
Enjoy both classic and contemporary French singers as you imagine relaxing at a sidewalk cafe in Paris.
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Spirit Talk
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Spiritual conversation in today's chaotic world. Spirit Talk is a thought-provoking conversation with leaders, authors, and experts covering all things Spiritual.
The Verb Altitude Hour
The Verb Altitude Hour. The show has diverse conversations on a wide range of political topics on Wed 8-9am and weekly round-table news wrap-up on Sat 6-7pm
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This program is dedicated to the visual arts in Savannah and the lowcountry, engaging with guests about philosophy, practice, and commentary on the state of the visual arts in our community. Plus, the week's upcoming visual arts events and opportunities.
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American Fighter Jets II: The F-22 Raptor – Air Superiority, but is the niche too thin?
Seraphim Hanisch
New details on Hypersonic Kinzhal missile – Capable of destroying aircraft carriers
When the United States started developing stealth aircraft, they were seen as the logical next step in combat equipment. Planes that couldn't be detected on radar were seen to have the advantage of being able to attack without being spotted, and this advantage was apparently deemed so great that the other characteristics of air fighter superiority seemed to be abandoned – those of speed, agility, the ability to out-turn an opponent, and to duel in close-up dogfighting. In fact, the notion of what constituted "air superiority" itself was altered in the US view. The results were the F-35 (covered here), and the F-22, which at US $150 million per plane, is one of the most expensive combat aircraft ever created.
Recently, though, the Americans' most advanced air-to-air fighter, the F-22, got within close distance of a Russian Su-35 and Su-25 jets in December, and according to Business Insider, was discovered to be at a disadvantage to these planes.
Disadvantages One and Two
The disadvantage is twofold. The first is psychological. The F-22 has all its weapons concealed within the body of the aircraft, to maintain radar invisibility. The Russian planes encountered have their loads of missiles and bombs in plain sight. So, there was no way for the Russian planes to know the F-22 was armed. Further, the intercept involved a maneuver called "head-butting" in military parlance, and this is a common occurrence presently in Syria, where the Russians and Americans have established "deconfliction" zones as a series of "do not cross" boundaries. Sometimes one side or the other crosses a line, and this brings about an intercept where the side in charge of the given area sends a plane to intercept the other's. First there is a radio call asking the other pilot to be aware that they are in airspace they are not allowed to operate in, but then, the next move is for the intercept aircraft to show its weaponry as a reminder not to tempt fate.
The F-22 cannot do this. It can, and did, deploy flares and chaff to warn the Russian planes of their incursion. However, the F-22 pilots have noted in these incidents that were this to escalate into a dogfight, the F-22 pilots would have a problem with the up-close scenario. The F-35 can maneuver better in close situations, and as the most important maneuver in a dogfight is usually the ability to turn inside faster than the other plane can, the Russian fighter has an advantage.
The reports are disputed, but there are at least two incidents accounted for in which the Russian planes were successful in driving the F-22's out of the areas they were in. Stealth capabilities are terrific for military action at a distance, but things are different when the pilots can actually see each other:
If a fight were to start during an intercept like the one [reported], the Russian pilot would start with the huge advantage of having the F-22 in sight. What's more, the Russian Su-35 can actually maneuver better than the F-22.
Lt. Col. David "Chip" Berke, the only US Marine to fly both the F-22 and the F-35, previously told Business Insider that when flying the F-22, "my objective wouldn't be to get in a turning fight" with an adversary. Instead, Berke said he would use the F-22's natural advantages of stealth to avoid the dogfight.
The piece goes on to say that the F-22's fate is not hopeless in such a situation; it is an enormously agile aircraft and has a good chance of surviving and winning the dogfight. But it does go into such a situation at a huge disadvantage because it relies so much on not being seen, that it may be a bit deficient in dealing with cases where it is actually spotted.
The F-22 is a marvelous piece of combat machinery, for sure. But the notion that good old-fashioned dogfighting is a thing of the past has been shown by the Syrian conflict to be false. Sometimes all the high-tech in the world doesn't match the need for a good, tightly maneuverable airplane in order to be able to make it through a fight with an enemy.
The Third Disadvantage – the Price Tag
At $150 million a plane, this program was prohibitively expensive. It actually resulted in only 187 planes being built and deployed before the building phase of the F-22 program was stopped. The Su-35 is no cheap plane either, estimated around US $65 million, but even so, that is a 2-to-1 value for the money. The story of excessively expensive American fighter aircraft actually started with the development of the F-18 Hornet, which was intended to be relatively inexpensive like the very affordable F-16 Fighting Falcon ($14.8 million to $37 million for the V Variant in 2017). One of the criticisms about what creates this enormous cost is the manner in which contracts are awarded to manufacturers to design and build these weapons. The F-22, for example, is actually a consortium project with several major manufacturers participating:
Such a situation can lead to bureaucratic problems as the contracts go to several companies at once, rather than all design and development under one roof. The Russians appear to have this latter configuration, even though the Russian aircraft manufacturers are collectively organized into one "supercompany" the United Aircraft Corporation. This, plus the Russian government's more direct control over these companies, helps to manage some aspect of costs. As an example the new Russian Su-57, the analogue to the F-22, is estimated to have a per-unit cost of between US $50 and $100 million. The Russians appear to be doing something right in this regard – the plane is by all accounts, superb, and the Russian military is able to produce such advanced weaponry at a much lower cost than their American counterparts.
While the American aircraft are indeed superb, one might propose the thought that centralizing the design and manufacturing process, as well as changing the way contracts are awarded to US companies for such aircraft, would be in order. It can be done. President Donald Trump, very early on – even before he was inaugurated, expressed sharp disdain for the excessive price of a new Boeing 747 modified to serve as Air Force one. The cost for the plane magically dropped, from US $5.3 billion to $3.9 billion for two such 747's. Perhaps such dealing might trim a great deal of excess from the US military budget, which is already by far the highest in the world.
Russia Syria US SU-35 stealth F-22 high-tech low-tech turning ability dogfight weapons capability
Latest, Hellenic Insider, Europe, Greece, The Migration Files
European Commissioner for Migration suggests increasing security instead of reducing migration
Latest, Breaking, News


Depressions are always harmful for any individual and the level of danger increases if a pregnant woman confronts depression, since two lives are at stake, as a result the pregnancy would be in a risky condition as well. It mostly happens to women who have been under depression before. This sickness intrigues thoughts, mood and body. Women under depression show the signs of meager weight gain, suicidal tendency and intake of alcohol or drugs all of which are very harmful for her and of course the baby too.
Pregnancy depressions are however curable by following few depression beating tips and a whole team gets involved to get her out of depression. This group comprises of care taker during or after pregnancy and a psychologist.
• She is merged into counseling, support groups and light medicines according to the requirement. Counseling has greatly improved this condition in many previous cases so it is better to talk her out.
• All the anti-depression drugs should be stopped during pregnancy since they harm the baby. Therefore, if required, the women can even be treated using hypnosis by a psychologist.
• Depressions are treated according to their type, suppose a person is suffering from a depression due to lack of sunlight then he is recommended light therapy. So, different types of depressions require diverse treatments during pregnancy.
• Many times meditation yoga, gentle aerobics or Pilates are suggested to change the mood of the patient. Walking and water activities like swimming also lighten the mood getting her out of depression.
• Making necessary changes in nutrition and providing the patient with supplements of vitamins and other required nutrients also helps in many cases. It is necessary for her to intake meals regularly.
• Medication is the last option for depressed pregnant women since it has to be taken very carefully through a specialist.
However nothing can beat the laughter therapy. Keep her happy at home and watch her move out of depression.


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AMERICAN EXPERIENCE The Boys of '36 To Premiere Tuesday, August 2, 2016 on PBS
by media@usrowing.org | Apr 12, 2016
American Experience announced this week that The Boys of '36, a new one-hour documentary inspired by Daniel James Brown's critically-acclaimed nonfiction book The Boys in the Boat: Nine Americans and Their Epic Quest for Gold at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, will premiere Tuesday, August, 2, 2016, 9:00-10:00 p.m. ET on PBS.
Inspired by Daniel James Brown's #1 New York Times Bestseller The Boys in the Boat, Documentary Recounts the Thrilling Underdog Story of the American Rowing Team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
(BOSTON, Mass.) — American Experience has announced that The Boys of '36, a new one-hour documentary inspired by Daniel James Brown's critically-acclaimed nonfiction book The Boys in the Boat: Nine Americans and Their Epic Quest for Gold at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, will premiere Tuesday, August, 2, 2016, 9:00-10:00 p.m. ET on PBS. The thrilling true story of the American Olympic rowing team that triumphed against all odds in Nazi Germany, The Boys in the Boat is published by Penguin Books, an imprint of Penguin Random House. The book has been on The New York Times bestseller list for more than 80 weeks.
Executive produced by Mark Samels, and produced by Margaret Grossi and Mary Carillo, The Boys of '36 is the story of nine working class young men from the University of Washington who took the rowing world and the nation by a storm when they captured the gold medal at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. These sons of loggers, shipyard workers and farmers overcame tremendous hardships — psychological, physical and economic — to beat not only the Ivy League teams of the East Coast but Adolf Hitler's elite German rowers. Their unexpected victory, and the obstacles they overcame to achieve it, gave hope to a nation struggling to emerge from the depths of the Depression.
Featuring interviews with author Daniel James Brown, historians and surviving children of the 1936 Washington team, The Boys of '36 premieres on American Experience in August on PBS in conjunction with the Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro and the 80th anniversary of the miracle crew's triumph.
The broadcast of The Boys of '36 will be accompanied by a series of screening events across the country, many in partnership with USRowing, a nonprofit membership organization recognized by the United States Olympic Committee as the national governing body for the sport of rowing in the United States.
"USRowing is thrilled to partner with American Experience and Liberty Mutual to share this much-anticipated documentary with the rowing community," said USRowing Chief Marketing Officer Beth Kohl. "The story of the 1936 crew is one that transcends rowing and has captured the hearts of millions of people, from those who have never touched an oar to our U.S. athletes training for the 2016 Olympic Games."
"The Boys of '36 is really an inspiring story." said Mark Samels, American Experience Executive Producer. "These remarkable young men — with nothing more than strength of character, hard work and determination — triumphed over unimaginable odds. We're proud to bring this story, so vividly recounted in Brown's bestseller, to our audience."
About USRowing
USRowing is a nonprofit membership organization recognized by the United States Olympic Committee as the national governing body for the sport of rowing in the United States. USRowing selects, trains and manages the teams that represent the U.S. in international competition including the world championships, Pan American Games and Olympic Games. More than 85,000 individuals and 1,300 organizations strong, USRowing serves and promotes the sport on all levels of competition. USRowing membership reflects the spectrum of American rowers – juniors, collegians, masters and those who row for recreation, competition or fitness.
About American Experience
For more than 27 years, American Experience has been the nation's most-watched television history series. It has been hailed as "peerless" (The Wall Street Journal), "the most consistently enriching program on television" (Chicago Tribune), and "a beacon of intelligence and purpose" (Houston Chronicle). On air and online, the series brings to life the incredible characters and epic stories that have shaped America's past and present. Acclaimed by viewers and critics alike, American Experience documentaries have been honored with every major industry award, including 30 Emmy Awards, four duPont-Columbia Awards, and 17 George Foster Peabody Awards; the series received an Academy Award® nomination for Best Documentary Feature in 2015 for Last Days in Vietnam.
Exclusive corporate funding for American Experience is provided by Liberty Mutual Insurance. Major funding provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and public television viewers. American Experience is produced for PBS by WGBH Boston.


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Master On Campus
Technical University of Ostrava
Selected programmes
4000 EUR/year
Master degree in International Economic Relations from Technical University of Ostrava, offers a prestigious postgraduate study focused mainly on the international dimension of economic theory and economic relations, enabling the graduates of this specialization to orientate in economic affairs on an international scale and to find practical application.
Technical University of Ostrava Multiple locations
Ostrava , Czech Republic
901st (ARWU) World ranking
4.3 (19) Read 18 reviews
In addition to advanced knowledge of economic theory, students focus on issues related to international aspects of economic development, trade, international security, EU external economic relations, and project management at regional, European and international level.
Students can further broaden their knowledge through internships at foreign universities or gain work experience at home and abroad (e.g. in international organizations, European Union institutions, or representative offices of the Czech Republic abroad).
Graduate's employment
Master degree in International Economic Relations from Technical University of Ostrava, offers high-quality education in the field of economics with a focus on its practical application in economic and corporate practice. Thanks to this, graduates can be employed in the public and private spheres, both in the national and especially in the international environment.
I want to find another Master Course
Graduate's knowledgeGraduates of the degree course International Economic Relations demonstrate, beyond the knowledge gained from the common basis of the Applied Economics study program, extensive knowledge and understanding of the subject and scope of a given study specialization corresponding to the current state of knowledge in the areas:
international monetary integration and international finance,
international trade and competitiveness,
international business,
international project management applied in real practice by private and public sector entities,
external relations of the European Union and international security.
Start dates & application deadlines
Starting 2022-09-14 00:00:00
Apply before 2022-02-28 00:00:00
Bring your tomorrow closer
120 ECTS
Economics International Relations Econometrics View 11 other Masters in International Relations in Czech Republic
We are not aware of any academic requirements for this programme.
e-Application form
Copies of graduation certificates (Diploma and Diploma Supplement or Transcript of Records)
Recognition document of graduation certificate - official document to say that the degree is recognized in the Czech Republic
Payment of Registration Fee 500 CZK per 1 study programme, it is non-refundable.
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Based on the tuition of 4000 EUR per year during 24 months.
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The living costs include the total expenses per month, covering accommodation, public transportation, utilities (electricity, internet), books and groceries.
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Viewing: Evidence and consultation
(-) Evidence and consultations
Commissioned reports
(-) Maternity services
(-) Leadership, systems and organisations
(-) Health inequalities
(-) Commissioning and contracting
Network contract directed enhanced service: draft outline service specifications
The urgent action needed to stabilise general practice, by addressing workload and workforce issues, raises important questions around the timing, implementation and pace of these new service specifications even though the overall direction they set out is the right one.
Our response to the Migration Advisory Committee consultation
The King's Fund response to the Migration Advisory Committee's call for evidence on salary thresholds and a points-based system in immigration controls highlights two considerations that we believe should be taken into account for the health and social care sectors: the importance of the context provided by workforce projections and the need for policy decisions to be part of a much broader policy response to the workforce crisis in health and social care.
Advancing our health: prevention in the 2020s consultation
Our response to the government's consultation paper on prevention focuses on the additional areas we would like future government policy to cover.
NHS long-term plan: legislative proposals inquiry: Written submission to the Health and Social Care Committee
Our response to the Health and Social Care Committee's legislative proposals inquiry. We support the spirit of these proposals, which are intended to make it easier for local NHS bodies to work together to improve the health and care of their populations.
Briefing: House of Commons debate on the address: health, social care and security
Ahead of debates on the address on Wednesday 28 June in the House of Commons and Thursday 29 June in the House of Lords, The King's Fund has produced this written briefing on the key issues for health and social care in the new parliament.
House of Lords Select Committee: long-term sustainability of the NHS: Evidence submission
Evidence submission from The King's Fund to the House of Lords Select Committee on the long-term sustainability of the NHS.
Submission to the VCSE Review's discussion paper on challenges and solutions to better investment in and partnership with the VCSE Review
Download The King's Fund submission to the VCSE Review's discussion paper on challenges and solutions to better investment in and partnership with the VCSE Review.
By Lisa Weaks et al - 26 November 2015
Briefing: The Care Bill: Second reading in the House of Commons
While we welcome the Care Bill as an important stepping stone to wider reform of care and support, it will not deliver the change needed to meet future health and care needs.
Briefing: Joint Committee on the Draft Care and Support Bill
This briefing note was sent to the Committee ahead of an oral evidence session on 9 January 2013, where Richard Humphries gave evidence on behalf of the Fund.
Consultation response: Draft mandate for the National Health Service Commissioning Board
This document sets out our thoughts on the Department of Health's consultation on the draft mandate for the National Health Service Commissioning Board.
Debate in the House of Commons - the future of social care: Briefing
In this briefing for the Debate in the House of Commons, we set out our thoughts on the future of social care, the Dilnot Commission and how the integration of health and social care could be implemented.
Integrated care for patients and populations: Improving outcomes by working together: A report to the Department of Health and the NHS Future Forum
This report from The King's Fund and Nuffield Trust is intended to support the Department of Health's development of a national strategy on integrated health and social care.
By Nick Goodwin et al - 5 January 2012
Briefing: Reconfiguring hospital services
The King's Fund's briefing on reconfiguration calls for radical changes to streamline the process for reorganising hospital services and to prevent politicians from blocking essential changes that would improve the quality and safety of NHS care.
By Candace Imison - 6 September 2011
Healthy Lives, Healthy People: Consultation response
The King's Fund's response to Healthy Lives, Healthy People and associated consultations on the Public Health Outcomes Framework and Funding and Commissioning Routes.
By David Buck - 31 March 2011
Response to the Department of Health's consultation on Liberating the NHS: Developing the healthcare workforce
We respond to the Department of Health's consultation on Liberating the NHS: Developing the healthcare workforce
House of Commons Health Committee follow-up inquiry into commissioning
Our response to the House of Commons Health Committee follow-up inquiry into commissioning.
By Chris Naylor - 10 February 2011
Submission to the Health Select Committee Inquiry into Commissioning
Our evidence submission to the Health Select Committee Inquiry into Commissioning highlighted our concerns for the implementation of the suggested reforms and the lack of clinical expertise currently seen in commissioning.
Response to Liberating the NHS: commissioning for patients
This paper is a formal response to the Department of Health's public consultation on Commissioning for patients, that sets out information on the intended arrangements for GP commissioning and the NHS Commissioning Board's role in supporting consortia and holding them to account.
New Horizons: Consultation response
This paper is a response to the New Horizons consultation, which outlines the need for quality improvement in primary mental health care services.


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Q: How to calculate the correlation coefficient of two independent random walks to demonstrate spurious regression? I heard of non-stationary time series could result in spurious regression, so I want to know, as sample size goes to infinity, how to calculate the correlation coefficient of two descrete independent random walks, each step of which follows an I.I.D standard normal distribution.
Is it the correct way to demonstrate spurious regression?

A: Hint: What is the covariance of 2 independent random variables?

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text:
Isles High-tech Companies Profit From
9/11-driven Security Market
By Dan Martin
On a rooftop at the Hilton Hawaiian Village yesterday, Trex Hawaii senior scientist Chris Martin played the role of a suicide bomber, strapping mock pipe bombs to his body and cloaking them under a heavy tunic.
But he was no match for a high-tech sensor 15 feet away, which used proprietary Trex Hawaii technology to reveal the ruse on a nearby computer screen.
"This does infrared one better because it can see through clothes. In fact, it can see through plastic and even some walls," Martin enthused.
It is also one of several high-tech products on display at Waikiki's 2004 Asia-Pacific Homeland Security Summit whose creators hope to find a big new market in the war on terror and the push for homeland security.
The Trex Hawaii sensor is a retooled version of a low-wavelength sensor technology originally developed to help military aircraft land in poor weather. But the company sees a future in thwarting suicide bombings in Iraq and other applications.
"What's happening is fascinating," Trex Hawaii President Al Hunter said. "We have a lot of technology developed for different things that we can now adapt to homeland security and make it effective without much extra effort."
Before "homeland security" gained household-word status and its own Cabinet agency, its technology providers toiled in relative obscurity for a niche market.
"In the past you had one agency off in a dark corner, making policy," said Tim Myhri, national sales manager for Nor E First Response Inc., a maker of portable decontamination units.
But the sudden prioritization of security has created a deep-pocketed new technology customer in the Department of Homeland Security that has only begun to start shopping for new gadgets.
"When you talk about growth industries, this is one of the biggest right now, and it's just getting started," said Nelson Kanemoto, president of Referentia. His Honolulu-based company is a prime example of the potential that an emerging homeland security market holds for some firms.
A graduate of Roosevelt High School and the University of Hawaii's computer science department, Kanemoto founded the company in 1996 as a provider of interactive training products for software companies.But Referentia has since branched into futuristic computer technology now used by Marine Corps battle planners who simulate variables as intangible as fear and loyalty using complex algorithms to come up with millions of potential battle outcomes, all generated by the Maui Supercomputer.
"It looks at what happens when things go wrong for one side or the other. What happens when fear sets in? Usually, when fear goes up, accuracy goes down," says Larry Lieberman, the company's business development manager.
Kanemoto sees myriad homeland security applications for the technology. In crowd control, for example, the attributes and mind-set of a particular crowd such as a young concert audience can be simulated to learn how a mob will react to an emergency.
Referentia is in talks with the Homeland Security Department to provide some of its technology for the department's Critical Infrastructure Protection Group.
Other products raise the role of computers in life-or-death decisions to an alarming level.
21CSI, an Omaha, Neb.-based firm that recently opened a branch office at the Manoa Innovation Center, has a software application that approximates human decision-making by crunching huge amounts of information. Information can be submitted remotely in real time by soldiers or security personnel, after which the computer recommends a course of action based on "what a human would do," said company President Jeff Hicks.
Hicks demonstrated by simulating data showing an unidentified fishing vessel coming a little too close to a simulated Navy ship.
The computer's snap judgment: "The fishing vessel must be destroyed.""9/11 demonstrated that we needed to have the capability to make decisions fast," said Hicks, who remembers watching helplessly as the attacks unfolded while he was a staffer at the U.S. Strategic Command.
"In a case like that, there is too much information out there for a human to consider and make a decision."
The company is marketing the product to civic authorities who could need help deciding on a course of action in an emergency. The message is apparently getting out. Hicks said revenue has doubled every year since 21CSI's founding in 1996, and he projects 2005 revenues of $15 million.
Technology firms already have benefited since 2001 as Department of Homeland Security funds have trickled down to cover immediate needs such as security for military bases, key landmarks and installations, and to local governments keen on protecting utilities sites.
But with many of those bases covered, said Referentia's Kanemoto, homeland security money will soon start sloshing over into the private sector, and Hawaii companies are well placed to reap the benefits.
"You've got a lot of operational (military) commands here and a unique environment for homeland security due to the importance of the ports," he said, noting that Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge's address yesterday at the summit stressed the need for greater port security.
But the good times come with some guilt as well.
"It's a double-edged sword," said Patrick O'Brien, president of Aiea-based Security Resources, a maker of wireless security and monitoring systems.
"Our local business has tripled since 9/11, but it's unfortunate that it comes at the cost of such a catastrophic event."
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4 December, 2013 – Today COTEVOS was awarded with the European Electricity Grid Initiative (EEGI) Label.
One of the European Industrial Initiatives under the Strategic Energy Technologies Plan (SET-PLAN), the European Electricity Grid Initiative (EEGI) proposes a 9-year European research, development and demonstration (RD&D) programme to accelerate innovation and the development of the electricity networks of the future in Europe.
The EEGI Label highlights projects that are in line with the objectives and working principles of the EEGI and are contributing to the goals of the EEGI Research and Innovation Roadmap.


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Family sues cemetery after being told casket will not fit in space they bought
Posted 2:05 pm, December 11, 2018, by Tribune Media Wire, Updated at 02:04PM, December 11, 2018
CUYAHOGA FALLS, Ohio -- When Terry Shover, 68, died unexpectedly in September of 2017 his burial arrangements had already been made.
In 1993, Shover and his wife, Janet, purchased a mausoleum space at Northlawn Memorial Gardens in Cuyahoga Falls where the two of them expected to be laid to rest near his parents' final resting place.
"After my grandpa died, mom and dad decided to get a plot next to theirs and so they bought it at that time after my grandpa died," his son, Bill Shover, told WJW.
It was not until after his father's funeral that Bill Shover says his family got a disturbing call from their funeral home.
"We got home and mom was like floored when the funeral home called and said they got a call from the cemetery and that it (his father's casket) didn't fit. It didn't fit where it was supposed to go," said Shover.
His sister, Julie Coffman, took the call.
"We got a call from the funeral home that handled the arrangements for us and the cemetery had called them to say that dad's casket would not fit in the furthest space where he was supposed to go and they wanted to send his body in the casket back to the funeral home to be put in a smaller casket," said Coffman.
"They had asked the funeral home if they could switch him into a different casket, and to our knowledge that wasn't going to be shared with us," said Shover, who credits their funeral home for not agreeing to anything without the family's consent.
"Very disturbed at the fact that my dad is going to be moved from the casket that he's in. From my vantage point, he's in his casket. He shouldn't be bothered; he shouldn't be lifted; he shouldn't be touched. That casket is closed; it should be closed forever at that point," said Shover.
Coffman says the cemetery explained to her that the mausoleum building might have shifted, creating the problem with the space.
In a lawsuit against the cemetery, Shover's family claims:
The burial spaces' value is substantially less than the purchase price due to the shifting, and Plaintiffs would not have purchased the burial spaces had they known of the deficiencies.
As a result, Shover's family also claims:
(The cemetery) provided only one usable space which only came to their attention upon the death of Mr. Shover.
Since his death, Terry Shover's casket has been in the front space which was expected to be used by his wife after she dies.
His family says the cemetery has offered several options, none of which would be able to meet their father's wishes for his final resting place.
"One of the options was that they were adding onto the mausoleum and mom and dad could have the spot in one of the new spots which, the whole thing was being next to grandma and grandpa," said Shover, explaining that was considered a possibility. "But then we were told they had stopped construction on that portion and that was no longer an option."
Shover says another option offered by the cemetery was for a two-person mausoleum to be built for Terry and his wife outside of the main building.
Janet Shover, however, says it is not what she wants for her final resting place.
"...Which, number one, went against what my dad really wanted because he wanted to be next to his mom and dad. He was very close to them especially close to his mother," said Shover, adding, "if they wanted that that's what they would have purchased and they didn't purchase that."
"My dad wouldn't have wanted something like that. We looked at it, you know, do we do it or not? And mom was to the point where she said, 'that's not me. I don't want to do it like that. I don't want to be buried there,'" said Coffman.
A spokesperson for the cemetery's parent company told WJW that they do not comment on pending litigation.
In the meantime, Shover and his sister worry about other families who expect their loved ones to be laid to rest in the same mausoleum.
They also worry about the toll the problem is taking on their mother who continues to grieve her husband's death without a resolution to his final resting place and without knowing what they will do if she passes before they are able to get one.
"I tell him (Terry Shover) that we are trying ... mom tells him we are trying..." said Coffman.
Firefighters from across the metro volunteer to stay at side of fallen brother's body
Saying goodbye to West Peculiar firefighter Chuck McCormick, funeral braves snow storm
Veteran who died alone was buried with honors thanks to a group of servicemen
News Problem Solvers
Metro family battles with VA for months to get money for veteran mother's funeral
President Trump implies that late Rep. John Dingell is 'looking up' from hell, upsetting widow
Patrick Mahomes gives local teen cancer survivor the game ball before Sunday's Chiefs game
Utah man survives in the Alaskan wilderness for three weeks after fire destroys his cabin, kills his dog
Dwayne Johnson reveals cause of dad's 'quick' death, thanks fans for support
Fallen West Peculiar firefighter remembered as one-of-a-kind and 'one of the guys,' friends say
Family of house fire that killed metro firefighter: 'We can start over again, all they have left is the memories'
More than 1,000 people come to funeral for veteran with no family
Pregnant teacher loses unborn child in crash 30 minutes after her baby shower
Community pancake dinner raises $11,778 on eve of fallen Peculiar firefighter's funeral


text:
Q: Cognos PDF report not visible in iframe I have embedded a Cognos Connection in a web page using an iframe. I can login to Cognos and run reports without any issue within the iframe. I didn't feel any difference to accessing cognos in a iframe to cognos running in a normal browser web page until I pick the report format to be PDF. The Pdf report cannot be seen with in the iframe but its HTML version can be seen.
For a fact I know PDFs can be shown in iframes. Can any one suggest what is going wrong here.
Cognos vesrion 10.2.1

A: The reason for the Cognos PDF report format was not displayed on the iframe was having the "sandbox" attribute.
If you have "Sandbox" attribute added to the iframe that Cognos is embedded, even with all the Sandbox values are allowed, for example allow-scripts, allow-same-origin etc. still the PDF format of Cognos reports cannot be displayed.


text:
Call for evidence on new Commercial Rent (Coronavirus) Bill: act quickly!
England and Wales 30.11.2021
The Government has launched a call for evidence on the new Commercial Rent (Coronavirus) Bill. The Bill (together with the accompanying new Code of Practice) provides for a new arbitration scheme to deal with rent arrears for businesses which were forced to close during the Coronavirus pandemic.
Anyone who wishes to comment on the Bill must act quickly and send in their views as soon as possible. The Public Bill Committee will look at the Bill on 7 December 2021 and the Committee is scheduled to report by 16 December. Once the Committee has concluded its consideration of the Bill, it cannot then receive any written evidence and the Committee could conclude earlier than the expected deadline of 5.00pm on Thursday 16 December.
There are more details about the call for evidence here and you can read more about the Bill here. Click here for our Initial Q&A on the Bill.
If you have any queries about the Bill or the Code and how it affects you, please contact any of the CMS Real Estate Disputes partners, or the key contacts: Danielle Drummond-Brassington, Julie Gattegno, Nick Wood, Marcus Barclay and Sara Keag.
Professional Support Lawyer, London
Court of Appeal confirms employers not directly or vicariously liable for personal injury from practical joke gone wrong
The Court of Appeal has ruled that the employer is not liable for a practical joke carried out by one employee on another using non-work equipment and that was nothing to do with his work, even though it was at work, during work time. The practical joke...
Court of Appeal overturns judgment - Bath Rugby expansion to proceed
Bath Rugby Ltd were given an early Christmas gift on 21 December 2021 when the Court of Appeal handed down judgment in this case, allowing the appeal and subsequently overturning the decision made in the High Court in October 2020. A welcome surprise...
UK Design Regime: what you need to know
In the United Kingdom, there are various options available to help inventors, creators and authors protect their intellectual property rights. Unlike patents, trade marks and copyright, designs are an often overlooked feature of the IP system, whether...


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Good news one Farmer's Wife Rambles reader will win the new Lego movie on Blu Ray. Enter on the rafflecopter form below and good luck!


A marquee is suitable for use year round whatever the weather. We can supply robust, wind and weatherproof marquees with integral heating to create a comfortable and inviting venue.
At Inside Outside we are experienced in providing heating and cooling solutions for marquees so that your venue is an appropriate regulated temperature to suit the season.
A popular and cost effective choice, our sturdy patio heaters can be used inside and outside. They are powered by propane gas, free standing and so are easy to position where required, (a safe distance away from tent fabric and dressings)!
Our 'indirect' heater units are stored outside of the marquee and powered by kerosene or diesel. Heat is then blown into the Marquee via ducting that leads to slimline, floor level vents, which are subtly integrated into the Marquee design to provide an unobtrusive service.These heaters can also be supplied with a variable fan speed and a have fan setting for controlled air circulation, these functions can be operated from within the Marquee.
Our heaters are sound proofed however we can also supply high end 'Whisper quiet' LPG powered marquee heating units.
We can supply air-conditioning though it is rarely required in the UK climate. We also offer cooling units as an alternative to air conditioning. Standalone evaporative cooling units work on the principle of natural evaporation with the use of water, creating a 'sea breeze' cooling effect which can be a pleasant addition in the height of summer.


text:
Morocco upholds jail terms for Sahrawis over 2010 killings
Morocco's top court has upheld jail sentences ranging up to life for 23 Sahrawis over the killings of 11 security personnel a decade ago, a defence lawyer said.Morocco and the rebel Polisario Front, which seeks independence for the disputed Western Sahara territory, have accused each other of provoking deadly clashes between police and Sahrawi protesters at a camp for displaced people in Gdeim Izik in November 2010."The Court of Cassation on Wednesday dismissed all the appeals" of the 23 defendants, Mohamed Fadel Leili told AFP. "This is the final decision."The appeals court's decision comes a…


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У фізиці відносність одночасності — це поняття про те, що віддалена одночасність — чи відбуваються дві просторово розділені події в один і той же час — не абсолютна, а залежить від системи відліку спостерігача.

Опис
Згідно зі спеціальною теорією відносності Ейнштейна, неможливо сказати в абсолютному сенсі, що дві різні події відбуваються одночасно, якщо ці події розділені в просторі. Якщо одна система відліку призначає один і той самий час двох подій, що відбуваються в різних точках простору, то система відліку, яка рухається відносно першої, призначає різні часи для цих двох подій (єдиний виняток — коли рух точно перпендикулярний до лінії, що з'єднує точки цих подій).

Наприклад, автокатастрофи в Лондоні і в Нью-Йорку, що є одночасними для спостерігача на Землі, відбудуться дещо в різний час для пасажира літака, що летить між Лондоном і Нью-Йорком. Крім того, якщо дві події не можуть бути причинно пов'язаними (тобто, час між подією в точці А й подією в точці В менший від часу, за який світло проходить відстань між А і В), то, залежно від стану руху, виявиться, що в одній системі відліку автокатастрофа в Лондоні сталася першою, а в іншій системі відліку першою сталася автокатастрофа в Нью-Йорку. Однак, якщо події причинно пов'язані (між ними пройшло більше часу, ніж час проходження світла між А і В), порядок подій зберігається у всіх системах відліку.

Уявні експерименти
Відносність одночасності подій є ключовим ефектом СТО, що виявляється, зокрема, в «парадоксі близнюків». Розглянемо декілька синхронізованих годинників, розташованих уздовж осі  в кожній з систем відліку. В перетвореннях Лоренца передбачається, що в момент часу  початки систем відліку збігаються: . Нижче зображена така синхронізація відліку часу (на «центральному» годиннику) з точки зору системи відліку  (лівий рисунок) і з точки зору спостерігачів у  (правий малюнок):Припустимо, що поряд з кожним годинником в обох системах відліку перебувають спостерігачі. Поклавши в перетвореннях Лоренца , отримуємо . Це означає, що спостерігачі в системі , одночасно зі збігом часу на центральному годиннику, реєструють різні покази на годиннику в системі . Для спостерігачів, розташованих праворуч від точки з координатами , в момент часу  годинник нерухомої системи відліку показують «майбутній» час: . Спостерігачі , розташовані зліва від , навпаки, фіксують «минулий» час годинника : . На малюнках вище положення стрілок символізує подібну різницю показів годинників двох систем відліку.

Єдину «сучасність», тобто годинники, що йдуть синхронно в різних точках простору, можна ввести тільки в рамках конкретної інерційної системи відліку. Однак, цього не можна зробити одночасно для двох різних систем відліку.Рухома відносно нерухомих спостерігачів система з їх точки зору містить розсинхронізований у напрямку руху годинник, своєрідне неперервне об'єднання «минулого», «сучасного» і «майбутнього».Ефекти уповільнення часу і відносності одночасності тісно пов'язані один з одним і однаково необхідні для розрахунку ситуації, описаної в «парадоксі» близнюків.

Поїзд Ейнштейна
Варіант експерименту Ейнштейна припускав, що один спостерігач сидить в середині рухомого вагона, а інший стоїть на платформі, в момент, коли поїзд проходить повз. В поїзд одночасно потрапляє дві блискавки в різні кінці вагона (одна в передню частину, одна в задню частину). В інерціальній системі спостерігача, що стоїть, є три події, які просторово розділені, але одночасні: нерухомий спостерігач, обернений до рухомого спостерігача (тобто, до центра поїзда), блискавка, що б'є в передню частину вагона і блискавка, що вражає задню частину вагона.

Оскільки події розташовані вздовж осі руху потяга, їх часові координати проєктуються в різні часові координати в інерціальній системі потяга. Події, які відбувалися в просторових координатах у напрямі руху поїзда, відбуваються раніше, ніж події в координатах, протилежних напрямку руху потяга. В інерційній системі відліку потяга це означає, що блискавка вдарить перед вагоном до того, як обидва спостерігачі зустрінуться лицем один до одного.

Поїзд і платформа

Популярна картина для розуміння цієї ідеї забезпечується уявним експериментом, подібним до запропонованого  1910 року і Ейнштейном 1917 року. Він також складається з одного спостерігача посередині швидкісного вагона та іншого спостерігача, що стоїть на платформі, коли поїзд рухається повз.

Спалах світла випромінюється в центрі вагона в момент, коли два спостерігачі виявляються навпроти один одного. Для спостерігача, що сидить у поїзді, передня і задня частина вагона розташовані на фіксованих відстанях від джерела світла і виходить, на думку цього спостерігача, світло досягне передньої і задньої частин вагону одночасно.

З іншого боку, для спостерігача, що стоїть на платформі, задня частина вагона наближається до точки, в якій стався спалах, а передня частина вагона віддаляється від неї. Оскільки швидкість світла скінченна й однакова у всіх напрямках для всіх спостерігачів, світлу, що рухається до задньої частини поїзда, потрібно подолати меншу відстань, ніж світлу, що рухається до передньої частини вагона. Таким чином, спалахи світла досягнуть кінців вагона в різний час.

Просторово-часові діаграми

Може бути корисно візуалізувати цю ситуацію, використовуючи просторово-часові діаграми. Для даного спостерігача вісь t визначається як точка, продовжена вертикально в часі від початку просторової координати x. Вісь x визначається як сукупність всіх точок простору в момент часу t=0 і продовжена горизонтально. Твердження про те, що швидкість світла однакова для всіх спостерігачів, відображається шляхом малювання світлового променя як лінії під кутом 45°, незалежно від швидкості джерела відносно спостерігача.

На першій діаграмі обидва кінці потяга зображені сірими лініями. Оскільки кінці поїзда нерухомі відносно спостерігача в поїзді, ці лінії є строго вертикальними лініями, що показують їх рух у часі, але не в просторі. Спалах світла показаний у вигляді червоних ліній під кутом 45°. Точки, в яких ці два світлові спалахи потрапляють у кінці потяга, розташовані на діаграмі на одному рівні. Це означає, що події одночасні.

На другій діаграмі обидва кінці потяга, що рухається вправо, показано паралельними лініями. Спалах світла відбувається в точці рівно на півдорозі між двома кінцями поїзда і знову утворює дві лінії під кутом 45°, що виражають сталість швидкості світла. Однак на цій картині точки, на яких спалахи світла потрапляють у кінці поїзда, розташовані не на одному рівні; ці події не одночасні.

Перетворення Лоренца
Відносність одночасності можна продемонструвати за допомогою перетворень Лоренца, які пов'язують координати, використовувані одним спостерігачем, з координатами, використовуваними іншим спостерігачем, що рівномірно рухається відносно першого.

Припустимо, що перший спостерігач використовує координати, позначені t, x,y, z, а другий спостерігач використовує координати, позначені t',x',y',z'''. Припустимо також, що перший спостерігач бачить, що другий рухається у напрямку x зі швидкістю v. І припустимо, що координатні осі спостерігачів паралельні і що вони мають спільний початок координат. Тоді перетворення Лоренца виражає взаємозв'язок координат:

де c — швидкість світла. Якщо дві події відбуваються одночасно в системі відліку першого спостерігача, вони будуть мати однакові значення координати t. Однак, якщо вони мають різні значення координати x (різні позиції в напрямку x), то вони будуть мати різні значення координати t, і тому в цій системі відліку вони відбуватимуться в різний час. Параметр, який враховує порушення абсолютної одночасності — це vx/c2.

Рівняння t' = constant визначає «лінію одночасності» в системі координат (x', t') для другого (рухомого) спостерігача, так само як рівняння t = constant визначає «лінію одночасності» для першого (нерухомого) спостерігача в системі координат (x, t). З наведених вище рівнянь перетворення Лоренца видно, що t'  є постійним тоді і тільки тоді, коли t — vx/c2 = constant. Таким чином, множина точок з постійним t, відрізняється від множини точок з постійним t'. Тобто набір подій, які розглядаються як одночасні, залежить від системи відліку, що використовується для їх порівняння.

Графічно це можна подати на просторово-часовій діаграмі тим фактом, що графік множини точок, що розглядаються як одночасні, утворює лінію, яка залежить від спостерігача. У просторово-часовій діаграмі пунктирна лінія являє собою набір точок, які вважаються одночасними з початком координат, спостерігачем, що рухається зі швидкістю v, рівною чверті швидкості світла. Горизонтальна пунктирна лінія являє собою набір точок, що розглядаються як одночасні з початком координат нерухомого спостерігача. Ця діаграма малюється з використанням координат нерухомого спостерігача (x, t) і відмасштабована так, що швидкість світла дорівнює одиниці, тобто промінь світла буде поданий лінією під кутом 45° до осі x. З нашого попереднього аналізу, вважаючи, що v = 0,25 і c = 1, рівняння пунктирної лінії одночасності є t — 0.25x = 0, а при v = 0, рівняння пунктирної лінії одночасності є t = 0.

В загальному випадку другий спостерігач простежує світову лінію в просторі-часі першого спостерігача, яка описується як t = x/v, і набір одночасних подій для другого спостерігача (в початку координат) описується лінією t = vx. Зверніть увагу на обернене відношення кутових коефіцієнтів світової лінії і одночасних подій у відповідності з принципом гіперболічної ортогональності.

 Прискорювані спостерігачі

В наведеному вище обчисленні перетворень Лоренца використовується визначення розширеної одночасності (тобто, коли і де відбуваються події, в яких ви не брали участь''), яке можна назвати як супутнє або «стосовне до вільної системі відліку». Це визначення природно екстраполюється на події в гравітаційно-викривленому просторі-часі і на прискорених спостерігачів за допомогою використання радарного часу/відстані, який (на відміну від визначення стосовного до вільної системи відліку для прискорених систем) присвоює унікальний час і становище будь-якій події.

Визначення розширеної одночасності через радарний час додатково полегшує візуалізацію того, як прискорення викривляє простір-час для мандрівників за відсутності будь-яких гравітуючих об'єктів. Це проілюстровано на малюнку праворуч, де показано ізоконтури радарного часу/місця подій у плоскому просторі-часі, за уявленням мандрівника (червона траєкторія), що рухається з прискоренням. Однією з особливістей цього підходу є те, що час і місце віддалених подій не визначені повністю доти, поки світло від такої події не досягне нашого мандрівника.

Примітки

Див. також

 Релятивістське уповільнення часу
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