Our expert guides take you on an exploration of the Tuscan landscape. Discover the best wine cellars & enjoy a tasting with light bites on your San Gimignano wine tour.
A pleasant half-day tour of Tuscan villages and Chianti area; from Siena to the heart of the beautiful Tuscan countryside. Sounds tempting? Our San Gimignano Wine Tour encompasses both an experience for your taste buds as well as a spectacle for your eyes.
Our expert tour guides will take you on an exploration of medieval castles, churches, and little hamlets where the pace of life keeps its calm rhythm. Next, the tour heads to the medieval town of San Gimignano, a World Heritage Site by Unesco. San Gimignano is famous for its skyline riddled with towers of all shapes and sizes. Better yet, its famous for its wine, Vernaccia di San Gimignano. Our guide will lead you all around the town ensuring you don't miss out on any notable detail.
Siena has a lot to offer but it would be a pity not to venture out of the city and explore Tuscan countryside. However, traveling to and from rural areas and villages is not the easiest or the most convenient. The most beautiful places are hard to reach without a car and traveling by public transport is a bit of a lottery.
Booking the San Gimignano Tour with us enables you to see more of Tuscany without the usual organizational hassle. You are on your holiday, you should rest, not to worry!
With us, you will travel in a comfortable air-conditioned coach or a minivan. Moreover, our expert tour leaders will ensure you are well informed and always enjoying yourself. You will learn more about the region as well as discover clandestine places which are unspoiled by tourists and a fast-paced city life.
You can completely immerse yourself in the unspoiled landscapes cradling the Chianti vineyards. A harmony of colors only Tuscan hills can give you will frame your whole experience! Its one of the best day trips from Siena, there is no doubt about that!
The vineyards of Chianti has its own intriguing history. While today we know Chianti wine as the ruby-red beverage with bursting flavors, the first version was a white wine. It stepped on the scene in the 13th century! The wine from the area was excellent and so, many started calling the area of its origin "Chianti," as well.
It wasn't until the Middle Ages the region became official. How? Three tiny villages (Castellina, Gaiole, and Radda) created an official League of Chianti (Lega del Chianti). This zone continued to flourish into the historical and spiritual soul of Chianti. The borders of the region shifted a lot throughout history as many vineyards wanted to call their wine Chianti.
Today, just a few approved wineries can sell their wines under the Chianti label. Despite each wine estate having its unique recipe, all of them need to meet the strict requirements and regulations of DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita)! These rules exist to protect the quality and authenticity of the product.
Tasking Chianti wine in its homeland is a one-of-a-kind experience. Its characteristic color and fragrance with hints of violet is something you shouldn't miss.
So, if this tour sounds like something you might enjoy, Book your San Gimignano Wine Tour from Siena today! We will be happy to have you on board!


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RELIGION & PHILOSOPHY.
B.A. Degree in Religion & Philosophy
Minor in Religion & Philosophy
Minor in Religion
Home > Academics > Majors, Minors & Programs > Undergraduate > Religion and Philosophy
Religious Studies + A Philosophy Major – The Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Religion & Philosophy with Two Concentrations
Gain a greater depth of knowledge and commensurate skills in Religion and Philosophy.
If you want to learn from two disciplines that serve as a bridge between every idea in every discipline that exists, then you have found your major at Catawba College when you pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree in Religion & Philosophy. The Religion & Philosophy major illuminates practical aspects of today's world, provides a broad liberal education, prepares students for graduate work, and well positions students for employment after graduation.
The Religion & Philosophy Department's purpose is to introduce a broad range of students to religious and philosophical dimensions of human existence and to encourage these students to develop a greater depth of knowledge and commensurate skills in our disciplines.
Perhaps most importantly, the Religion & Philosophy bachelor's degree programs are offered at an institution that U.S. News ranks as #4 among Best Regional Colleges in the South and that The Princeton Review perennially includes in its annual Best Colleges guide.
You can focus your Religion & Philosophy major in one of these two concentrations:
Christian Ministries
Choose the Christian Ministries concentration if you'd like to use your Religion & Philosophy bachelor's degree to pursue a career that involves building community in a faith-based organization. Coursework offered allows students plenty of hands-on opportunities through a required internship and practicum to put their classroom learning to work in a future career setting. Earning a Bachelor of Arts degree with this concentration gets you ready to begin a vocation related to Christian Ministries and can also pave the way for you to pursue graduate or divinity school.
Select this concentration for extensive coursework in Philosophy through the ages, studies in Near Eastern and Far Eastern religions, the history of the Christian Church, and the works of 20th and 21st century Christian theologians. A Bachelor of Arts degree with this concentration is the perfect foundation for graduate or divinity school.
Minor in Religion & Philosophy, Religion, or Philosophy
Catawba offers three different minors directly related to this major:
Religion & Philosophy Minor
Pursuing a Religion & Philosophy minor helps you understand our very identity, the culture that has shaped us, the world we live in, what we should think, and how we should live. Both disciplines examine essential aspects of a culture, and both are central to a liberal education and aid in preparing students for future vocations.
Religion Minor
Pursuing a Religion minor allows you to study the nature of the Ultimate, our relationship to the Ultimate, and how religions have worked out these issues. Religion helps us discover needed meaning and value in the world and in our lives.
By pursuing a Philosophy minor, you will study the boundaries of our worldview, the limits within which we think and act. Philosophy shows us these limits and helps us evaluate them and reconstruct them, and how our worldview affects everything about us.
Catawba's Religion and Philosophy major helps undergraduates develop strong critical thinking skills, strengthens their ability to communicate and work with others, enhances reading and writing skills, and heightens students' awareness of diversity and the various viewpoints present in our multicultural society. In short, inspiring faculty and small class sizes guarantee personal attention necessary to prepare students with workplace skills most desired by employers.
Scholarships.
Catawba College offers new incoming students and transfer students the opportunity to be considered for the Religion & Philosophy scholarship up to $2,500. This great scholarship not only offers Catawba students assistance with their tuition costs, but also provides the ability for the funds to assist with a study abroad opportunity in their junior or senior year. The amount of Catawba's Religion & Philosophy scholarship varies, but students who are eligible to apply must have an academic grade point average of 3.0 or above.
Apply for this Scholarship
Internships and Experiential Opportunities in Religion & Philosophy.
Catawba's Religion & Philosophy majors have opportunities to gain real-world, hands-on experience by completing internships such as being a youth director, an assistant music director, a minister to children, an associate director of a mission program, or serving on staff of an outdoor ministry site such as a camp or retreat center. Additionally, those interested in serving during on-campus Chapel services may be part of teams that prepare and help lead the services. Other opportunities to assist with these services or other religious services in the life of the college, such as Commencement Weekend's Baccalaureate Service, are also available.
Through Catawba's Lilly Center which is directed by the College Chaplain, Religion & Philosophy majors are offered additional opportunities to engage in theological and ministerial pursuits. Several programs geared towards assisting students who desire to explore their vocations or contribute to the general Salisbury/Rowan County community include: The Year of Inquiry Program, the Retreat Leadership Corps, Catawba Outdoor Adventures, Volunteer Catawba, and the DISCOVER Program. For more information on these opportunities and others available, please visit the Lilly Center website.
Related Bachelor Degree Programs
CAREERS FOR RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY MAJORS.
In employment fields that incorporate and synthesize several perspectives, Religion and Philosophy majors thrive and excel in jobs like these:
United Church of Christ Pastor Canon Lawyer
Adult Day Care Manager
Food Bank Director
Family Life Center Manager
Church Outreach Editor
GRADUATE SCHOOLS.
If graduate school is part of your plan after college graduation, be aware that Religion and Philosophy majors routinely score the highest on these standardizes tests, including the LSAT (Law Schools Admissions Test), MCAT (Medical College Admission Test), and GRE (Graduate Record Examination). Professional schools routinely seek students from the humanities and social sciences, particularly those with challenging majors like Catawba's Bachelor of Arts degree program in Religion & Philosophy. Graduate schools enrolling Catawba Religion & Philosophy majors include:
Duke Divinity School
Yale Divinity School
UNC-Greensboro
Wake Forest Divinity School
Wesley Theological Seminary
"I chose to become a Religion and Philosophy major because I felt a call from God into the ministry field. I feel that I have been called to minister to high school students.
"But, not only this, I have aspirations of attending law school. Something that I am very passionate about is the United Nations and the advocacy that it offers for religious injustice and human rights violations. I hope to one day use my education to be an advocate for justice in religion and human rights for the UN. My freshman year I was taking New Testament with Dr. Sang. I remember one day asking him if we could meet to discuss my interest in being a Religion major. And I've been in the department ever since then."
Molly Sue Harmon '19
Religion & Philosophy Major (Christian Ministry); Minors in Dance and Theatre Arts
Religion & Philosophy Facilities
Omwake-Dearborn
The Third Place
Black Lake Retreat Center
PARTICIPATE.
Catawba's Department of Religion and Philosophy sponsors Catawba Conversations, a club in which members of the Catawba College community come together to consider and discuss topics of interest in a thoughtful, responsible manner. The club presents a broad range of issues, taking note of their philosophical and religious aspects. Past topics have included "Hate Crimes," "Gay Marriage," "Relationships between Faculty and Student," "Stem Cell Research," "Evangelism," and "Islam."
Dr. Barry R. Sang
Dr. Barry R. Sang is professor and chair of Religion & Philosophy at Catawba College. He maintains ordinations in the American Baptist Churches, USA, and in the Presbyterian Church, USA. His special fields of interest are New Testament studies, Old Testament prophecy, and Process Theology, and he has published in the latter field. His tenure at Catawba that has spanned more than three decades during which he has been the recipient of numerous awards and accolades.
Dr. Kenneth W. Clapp '70
Senior Vice-President and College Chaplain Dr. Kenneth W. Clapp '70 serves as an assistant professor of Religion and Philosophy and directs Catawba's Lilly Center for Vocation & Values. Ordained by the United Church of Christ with service as a former UCC pastor, he also served as executive director of the UCC's Blowing Rock Assembly Grounds in Blowing Rock, N.C., before joining Catawba as an administrator and member of the faculty. He teaches Ethics, Comparative Denominations, Christian Beliefs and Principles and Practices of Community, and is deeply involved in the lives of students, beginning with the Freshman Retreat program where he serves as an active facilitator urging students to consider their vocation and calling.
Required Courses for B.A. in Religion & Philosophy
We offer a major in Religion & Philosophy Degree (BA) with concentrations in Theology & Philosophy or in Christian Ministries:
RELIGION & PHILOSOPHY MAJOR (B.A. Degree)
CORE CURRICULUM (Required of All Religion & Philosophy Majors):
PHIL 1155 Introduction to Logic OR PHIL 1166 Critical Thinking
PHIL 1600 Worldviews
PHIL 2170 - Ethics
REL 1030 – Introduction to Religion
REL 1121 - Hebrew Bible Introduction
REL 1122 - New Testament Introduction
REL/PHIL 4500 - Capstone in Religion & Philosophy
Additionally, RELP majors must fulfill requirements for a departmental portfolio system.
CONCENTRATION AREAS
• Theology & Philosophy (27)
• Christian Ministries (30)
THEOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY Concentration
PHIL 2050 - Principles of Philosophy
PHIL 2540 Philosophy & Religion in Literature
PHIL 2700 Ancient and Medieval Philosophy
PHIL 2800 Modern and Contemporary Philosophy
PHIL 3575 - Philosophy of Religion
REL 1035 - Near Eastern Religions
REL 1036 - Far Eastern Religions
REL 2000 - History of the Christian Church
REL 3600 - Twentieth-Century Theologians
Departmental Electives
Total (Concentration + CORE):
CHRISTIAN MINISTRIES Concentration
EDUC 3010 - Integrated Arts for Elementary Teachers
REL 2035 - Comparative Denominations
REL 2150 – Principles & Practices of Community I
REL 2535 - Christian Beliefs
REL 3000 - Faith Development
REL 3150 – Principles & Practices of Community II
REL 4201 – Practicum (fieldwork supervised by Catawba)
REL 4401 - Internship (fieldwork supervised outside Catawba)
Suggested or Departmental Electives
Required Courses for Minors
PHIL 1050 - Philosophy & Culture
REL 1030 - Introduction to Religion
REL 1121 - Old Testament Introduction
Departmental Electives above 1000-level
Disciplinary Electives, with 6 hours above 1000-level
PHIL 1155 - Introduction to Logic
Disciplinary Electives all above 1000-level
REL 1030 INTRODUCTION TO RELIGION (3 hours)
A study of the characteristic and universal features of religions as expressed in the institutions, rituals, beliefs, and other phenomena of religions of the past and present.
REL 1035 NEAR EASTERN RELIGIONS (3 hours)
A study of the origins, development, literature, structures, and modes of life and thought of the major living religions that originated in the Near East: Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the modern denominations and sects which derive from them.
REL 1036 FAR EASTERN RELIGIONS (3 hours)
A study of the origins, development, literature, structures, and modes of life and thought of the major living religions that originated in India and the Far East, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Zen, Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto, and current movements and cults which derive from these faiths.
PHIL 1050 PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE (3 hours)
An elementary introduction to philosophy through consideration of the role of philosophy in culture.
REL 1121 HEBREW BIBLE INTRODUCTION (3 hours)
An introduction to the academic study of the books of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), their historical setting, and their religious and theological content.
REL 1122 NEW TESTAMENT INTRODUCTION (3 hours)
An introduction to the documents of the New Testament, their origins and interpretation.
PHIL 1155 INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC (3 hours)
A study of basic structure in reasoning and of methods to recognize and use valid deductive argument forms.
PHIL 1166 CRITICAL THINKING (3 hours)
A study of reasoning that emphasizes informal critical thinking.
PHIL 1577 TOPICS IN PHILOSOPHY (3 hours)
A study of a Philosophy topic, which may involve field work or study abroad. May be elected more than once.
REL 1577 TOPICS IN RELIGION (3 hours)
A study of a Religion topic, which may involve field work or study abroad. May be elected more than once.
PHIL 1600 WORLDVIEWS (3 hours)
This course uses philosophical and cultural history to introduce and contrast the nature of a humanistic worldview and the nature of our modern Western naturalistic worldview.
REL 1801 MUSIC IN RITUAL, LITURGY AND WORSHIP (3 hours)
An introduction to the Biblical, historic and aesthetic values of music in worship that includes an interpretive methodology for theological study, the history and meaning of religion ritual, the development of Christian worship from Jewish roots, the structure and integrity of the Church Year, the anatomy of hymns and hymnals, the Revised Common Lectionary, the Psalter, and a study of music in the Hebrew Bible and New Testament along with some Jewish ritual. Taught in the Music Department as MUS 1801.
REL 2000 HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH (3 hours)
A history of the Christian Church from its beginnings through the present day.(Offered alternate years.)
REL 2033E RELIGIONS IN THE WORLD MARKET (3 hours)
A "history of religions" study of those world religions most likely to be encountered in the world market. Taught only in the School of Evening and Graduate Studies.
REL 2035 COMPARATIVE DENOMINATIONS (3 hours)
A comparative study of the beliefs and practices of major Christian denominations in America. (Offered alternate years.)
PHIL 2050 PRINCIPLES OF PHILOSOPHY (3 hours)
An introduction to the subject, method and history of philosophy for majors. (Offered alternate years.)
PHIL 2060 ANCIENT POLITICAL THEORY (3 hours)
A critical analysis of the basic political writings of selected authors important to the development of Western civilization, e.g., Plato, Aristotle, Augustine & Aquinas. Taught in History & Politics Department as HIST 2301.
PHIL 2100 TOPICS IN APPLIED ETHICS (3 hours)
A study of an applied ethics topic, while might involve fieldwork or study abroad. May be taken more than once to allow a student to study different applied ethics areas.
REL 2150 PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF COMMUNITY I (3 hours)
A study of the scriptural and theological bases for community, the principles of hospitality and the practical application of these principles, to include program development, worship, and the ministries of serving and hosting. (Offered alternate years.)
PHIL 2170 ETHICS (3 hours)
A critical examination of the subject of ethics, including its nature, concepts, scope, problems, theories, and basis.
PHIL 2171 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (3 hours)
A study of the relevance of ethics for environmental concerns: ethical traditions about the environment, new forms of environmental ethics, and practical application of ethics to current environmental issues.
PHIL 2400 MODERN POLITICAL THEORY (3 hours)
A critical analysis of the basic political writings of selected modern authors important to the development of western civilization and political thought, e.g., Machiavelli, Bodin, Hobbes, Harrington, Locke and Rousseau. (Same as HIST 2310 and POLS 2310)
PHIL 2500 THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY (3 hours)
A survey of the history of philosophy from ancient to contemporary. (Offered alternate years.)
REL 2535 CHRISTIAN BELIEFS (3 hours)
A non-denominational study of basic Christian doctrines.
PHIL 2540 PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION IN LITERATURE (3 hours)
An investigation of the philosophical & religious dimensions of selected literature. (Offered alternate years.)
A study of a Philosophy topic, which may involve filed work or study abroad. May be elected more than once.
PHIL 2700 ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY ( 3 hours)
A survey of the history of philosophy from ancient Greece through the medieval West. (Offered in alternate years)
PHIL 2800 MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY (3 hours)
A survey of the history of philosophy from the early modern era in the West to the present. Prerequisite: PHIL 1600.
REL 2800 PAUL AND HIS WRITINGS (3 hours)
A historical study of the life, letters, and theology of the Apostle Paul. Prerequisite: REL 1122.
REL 3000 FAITH DEVELOPMENT (3 hours)
An exploration into the ways that people experience faith and the development of their faith. Consideration of the curricula and program approaches appropriate for the facilitation of various stages of development. (Offered in alternate years.)
PHIL 3060 PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY (3 hours)
An examination of the methodological and philosophical concerns of history as these have been viewed by historians from Herodotus to Braudel. Taught in History and Politics Department as HIST 3000.
REL 3102 SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION (3 hours)
An examination of religion from a sociological perspective. Topics may include conversion, church-sect typology, and deviant religious groups. (Offered alternate years.) Taught in Sociology Department as SOC 3102.
REL 3150 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF COMMUNITY II (3 hours)
A study of the practical and applied practices that build community and provide hospitality in keeping with the theological and scriptural bases for community and for the spiritual growth of individuals and groups.
PHIL 3575 PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION (3 hours)
An analysis of the phenomenon of religion from a philosophical perspective. Prerequisite: one course in either religion or philosophy. (Offered alternate years.)
A study of a Philosophy topic, which may include field work or study abroad. May be elected more than once. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
A study of a Religion topic, which may include field work or study abroad. May be elected more than once. Prerequisite: permission of Instructor.
REL 3600 TWENTIETH-CENTURY THEOLOGIANS (3 hours)
A study of the major movements within 20th-century Christian theology. (Offered alternate years.)
PHIL 4170 SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHY (3 hours)
Reading, discussion, independent research, and formal reports on a theme or problem chosen by the instructor.
REL 4170 SEMINAR IN RELIGION (3 hours)
REL 4201 PRACTICUM IN RELIGION (1-6 hours)
An application of theory and methods from religion to fieldwork experience, supervised by a Catawba College instructor designated by the Chair of the Religion & Philosophy Department. Prerequisite: permission of the Chair of the Religion & Philosophy Department.
PHIL 4370 INDEPENDENT STUDY IN PHILOSOPHY (1-4 hours)
Self-directed study following a contractual plan initiated by the student and accepted by the staff.
REL 4370 INDEPENDENT STUDY IN RELIGION (1-4 hours)
PHIL 4401 INTERNSHIP (3 hours)
A field experience in Philosophy in which formal evaluation, supervision, and direction are provided by an outside agency in concert with the supervising professor and student.
REL 4401 INTERNSHIP (3 hours)
A field experience in Religion in which formal evaluation, supervision, and direction are provided by an outside agency in concert with the supervising professor and student.
REL 4500 CAPSTONE SEMINAR IN RELIGION (3 hours)
A seminar for senior Religion/Philosophy majors that will integrate knowledge learned in the major and in the student's experience, emphasizing reading, writing and oral communication skills.
PHIL 4500 CAPSTONE SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHY (3 hours)
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The words of the Aaronic blessing offer us a powerful glimpse into the heart of our God and our own desire. All of us at our core wish to have God's blessing upon our lives. We all wish to see God face to face and feel His love and acceptance of us.
God gave these words to Moses to give to Aaron (the first high priest) and his sons to give to the Israelites. They were embarking on their journey through the desert. This is the first time the Israelites were "numbered." They were numbered some 40 years later when they finally did go in and claim the land.
This speaks to me because God knew they would fail. Even with these powerful words of blessing upon them, they chose their own way and chose not to trust their God. God disciplined them for 40 years. 40 years. All the time with his face shining upon them.
Our God, an Artist, delivered this blessing in an artful poetic form to his children. The structure in Hebrew is important. Line one has 15 letters forming three words, line two 20 letters for five words, line three has 25 letters for seven words. The language builds in emphasis.
And so God's kids started out a journey doomed to "failure" with a poem. In my mind's eye I see haggard and bedraggled old Israelites wandering the desert. Their shoes in tact but what of their souls? They must have wanted to give something to their kids, the next generation. Something different. I picture them kissing their children goodnight and uttering these words over them willing them to believe. I conjure up visions of them struggling through heat, snake attacks, human-eating earthquakes, plagues and clinging to this poem at the very center of their being.
I imagine their last breaths surrounded by this next generation of warriors uttering the words of faithfulness. He is faithful when we are not.
This poem held them together at their center. This poem grew around it another generation of believers who were courageous, obedient, conquerers.
I wrestle with my flesh and the principalities and powers to accept these words. I desire to know deep down in my center that God loves me and his face is turned toward me. He is brimming with love perfected by the death and resurrection of his Son. I am becoming more and more aware of the places that don't believe. I offer those parts a seat at the table of grace. Pass the poem. Munch on these words. Let them become a part of you. Believe. Pass it on.
And I say to my sons, He is faithful when we are not.
I'm writing this post with a precious 7-year-old head resting on my shoulder. We are lounging on the couch. Sam's body is covered by a UT snuggie. (Side Note: two things I would never have dreamed could be in my life: UT orange and a snuggie.) Cartoon Network blares in the background. A softer sound emits from my iPhone: the sound of hold music from Apple. My iPhone 5 is smarter than I am. I need help conquering it.
Every now and then Sam fires a toy gun with an annoying electrical bullet sound. He could be a Storm Trooper. It also has a sound for cocking as well as firing.
Occasionally my phone gets a text. Mama had surgery yesterday. I am staying connected to her by some thin phone wires and cyber stuff that I cannot understand.
Sam has a stomach virus, hopefully the 24-hour variety. Yesterday he swam his first ever IM in the swim meet. The IM is the Iron Man but it actually stands for Individual Medley and consists of all four strokes. It is a rite of passage and I've seen many young swimmers exit the pool in tears from exertion and exhaustion. He won't let me out of his sight.
Here I sit tethered by a computer cord and an invisible but just as real umbilical cord. Mothers sit by their sick children with bowls and cold wet rags. We mop foreheads and kiss fearlessly praying that we won't get the bug.
My reading this morning shifted my focus from the seen to the unseen. The seen, it says, is temporary. The unseen is eternal. Why do we do this? Verse 16 says it: so that we do not lose heart.
I read that and in about 10 seconds my focus is right back on the now and the things jangling for my attention. I need to come back to it again and again throughout a day. What is unseen?
Our souls, our spirits. Relationships. The forces in spiritual realms. As we live like this, grace reaches more and more people. Thanksgiving overflows. And we start all over agin. Unseen. Grace. I'm not losing heart. I see it. Unseen. Thanksgiving. Grace.
Lent culminates in the resurrection. A place where Christians celebrate the forgiveness of sins and the release from the prison of depravity. We are new creatures because of the forgiveness extended to us.
This morning as I mapped out my world, my day. I noticed how many offenses I carried. I thought of how futile and unnecessary it is for me to carry those. It's exhausting. It's stressful. It's harmful.
One of the meanings of forgiveness is release. I can let go of these offenses and my compulsion to control the outcome. When Peter asks Jesus how many times we must forgive our brothers, Jesus replies 70 x 7. Then he tells a story about a king and an evil servant.
The servant ran up a debt of $100,000. When the king called the debt, the servant threw himself at his feet and asked for more time to pay. The king acquiesced. As soon as the evil servant left the room, he encountered a fellow servant who owed him $10. He seized him by the throat and demanded he pay up. When the fellow servant begged for mercy, the evil servant threw him in jail. No mercy.
I want to bask in the mercy extended to me through Jesus. And then let it overflow to those in my life. These petty offenses pale in the light of the love given to me freely. I release them.


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Home | Learning Center | Fertility for the Black Community
Fertility for the Black Community
Black Women and Infertility
Black women and couples often have unique fertility challenges and while infertile women and couples may benefit from assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), there is relative underuse of such treatments by black women. A cultural emphasis on privacy, religious beliefs and cultural stigma may prohibit candid discussions of infertility and exploration of treatment options.Multiple studies show that Black women have a greater duration of infertility before seeking evaluation by a fertility specialist or undergoing treatment.
11% of reproductive aged women (6.7 million women) experience difficulties conceiving or bringing a pregnancy to term and Non-Hispanic Black women are 1.8 times more likely to have infertility than women of other races. Black women are also more likely to have blocked fallopian tubes or uterine factors such as fibroids as their primary infertility diagnosis, compared with white women.
Black women are under-represented in IVF clinics and as a result, literature on outcomes reflects the experiences of white women. However, even when Black women attain access to ART, particularly IVF, they have a lower chance of a successful live birth and a higher risk of miscarriage compared to white women.
Source: ASRM, Resolve: The National Infertility Association
Affording Treatment
Inability to afford ART treatment may be contributing factors to these disparities, but noneconomic barriers can also be impediments to accessing infertility treatment. Additionally, the burden of pursuing treatment can be daunting, as patients require multiple appointments that lead to more time off work and potentially less income.
While we will work with you choose the best treatments that fit within your budget, we also have several resources you may be able to use to make your fertility treatments more affordable. Below we've outlined available options that make realizing your dream of starting a family possible, including: Contracted Insurance, Financial Alternatives, and Suggested Pharmacies.
Further research is needed to determine if race/ethnicity, and associated genetics, is a determinant factor in IVF outcomes, or if correlates such as duration of infertility, socio-economic status, and cultural and behavioral differences have a larger influence on reported outcomes. Laurel Fertility Care is dedicated to providing the best fertility support and care needed to grow your dreams of having the family you want.
Let us start the conversation. We have the resources you are looking for!
Click Here to View Infertility In Black Women Infographic
Infertility Support Organizations
Fertility for Colored Girls
The Goal of Fertility for Colored Girls is to empower African American women/couples to address and resolve their issues with infertility and to inform the community of such issues by providing quality education, support, advocacy, and encouragement regarding infertility and reproductive health. The organization will offer resources that meet/satisfy individual needs to assist impacted women and their families, to enhance their fertility, gain hope, and build the families of their dreams.
Click Here to View Fertility For Colored Girls Brochure
https://www.fertilityforcoloredgirls.org/infertility-diagnosis–testing
https://www.instagram.com/ffcghope/?hl=en
Warrior Wednesdays
Kellee Stewart created Warrior Wednesdays after choosing to freeze her eggs at the end of a seven-year relationship. During the process, she realized how little she knew about reproductive health and how little she was taught throughout her life. She asked the questions: What about the people with ovaries struggling through a cancer diagnosis? What about women with blocked fallopian tubes or undiagnosed infertility? What about miscarriages, IVF, adoption, donor eggs and sperm? And what about the women who looked like her— black women who face unconscionable health disparities and a higher maternal and infant mortality rate than our counterparts? Or the LGBTQ community who face extreme hurdles and discriminatory bias on their path to parenthood?
She channeled her frustration and sprung into action by using her platform to speak out about proactive fertility health. Warrior Wednesdays was born— a safe place where stories are told and met with compassion, love, understanding and faith. It serves as a community where no judgement lives.
Kellee hosts Warrior Wednesdays weekly on her Instagram profile, and episodes are available to watch on her website warrior-wednesdays.com
Follow Kellee on Instagram here.
Daughters of Hannah Support Group
Daughters of Hannah, a faith-based infertility and miscarriage support group. If you are a Black woman trying to conceive (ttc) and you are experiencing infertility, pregnancy loss, IVF, reproductive health challenges, etc., you will be supported here.
Whether you are TTC naturally, using IVF/IUI/assisted reproduction, struggling with PCOS, general fertility or reproductive health issues, male factor, endometriosis, fibroids, unexplained infertility, etc., you are welcome here. Women in our group have a variety of experiences.
You can also find Daughters of Hannah on Clubhouse & Instagram (@hannahsdaughters).
https://www.instagram.com/hannahsdaughters/?hl=en
https://www.facebook.com/daughtersofhannah/
Cade Foundation
The Tinina Q Cade Foundation (Cade Foundation) is a 501(c)(3) tax exempt non profit organization that was started in 2005 to provide information support and financial assistance to help needy infertile families OVERCOME infertility.
The foundation was named after founders' (Drs Jason and Camille Hammond) mother, Dr Tinina Cade. Dr Cade carried and delivered the couple triplets following 5 years of infertility for the Hammonds. She delivered her grand triplets at 55 years old, making her the oldest woman to deliver triplets at that point.
The Hammonds started the Cade Foundation to provide a vehicle through which families who had already "overcome" infertility could support families who were still on the infertility journey. Cade Foundation provides education focused programs to share info about different pathways to parenthood throughout the nation. We also provide grants to help families with the costs of adoption and fertility treatment. To date, the Cade Foundation has hosted hundreds of outreach staffs throughout the US and provided 121 families with financial support for adoption and fertility treatment nationwide. There are currently 89 Cade Foundationbabies!
Learn more: https://cadefoundation.org/
https://www.instagram.com/cadefoundation/?hl=en
Black Mamas Matter Alliance
BMMA is a Black women led cross-sectoral alliance. We center Black mamas to advocate, drive research, build power, and shift cultuer for Black maternal health, rights and justice.
The Black Mamas Matter Alliance was sparked by a partnership project between the Center for Reproductive Rights (CRR) and SisterSong Women of Color Reproductive Justice Collective (SisterSong) that began in 2013. The two organizations collaborated on story collection on the obstacles that Southern Black women face in accessing maternal health care, leading to poor maternal health outcomes and persistent racial disparities. These findings were included in a joint report – "Reproductive Injustice: Gender and Racial Discrimination in U.S. Health Care" – submitted to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD).
Monica Simpson of SisterSong, Katrina Anderson of CRR, and Elizabeth Dawes Gay co-organized a convening in Atlanta in June 2015 that brought together experts, activists, and stakeholders from a variety of sectors who were concerned about Black maternal health. "Black Mamas Matter" was an outcome of this meeting, along with a call to action to produce toolkits for activists in the South working to improve maternal health.
Learn more: https://blackmamasmatter.org/about/
https://www.instagram.com/blackmamasmatter/?hl=en
Learn more about your options by scheduling a consultation with one of our providers.


They say a wise man looks like a madman to a dumb man, can one man embody all three? Madmanleek is an artist, writer, and producer from Sacramento, Ca who blends style and youth with bars and soul to create a sound and a product that cannot be denied. A diamond in the rough, a jewel beneath the rubble, an artist on the bubble, experience madness with each listen.


Facing failing marriages and financial ruin when their business venture tanks, friends and entrepreneurs Steve (William Mapother) and Harry (Daniel Baldwin) turn to an unlikely source to bring them back from the brink -- cows! But will this dubious last-ditch effort put them in the black? Directed by "Happy Days" co-star Don Most, this outrageous comedy -- based on true events -- also features Treat Williams, Charlotte Ross and Efren Ramirez.


text:
import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import * as axe from "react-axe";

axe(React, ReactDOM, 1000);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This Tuesday Cubs @ Oxclose got creative (and a little bit messy) on a monster making mission.
A special visitor awaited cubs inside the school, armed with nothing more than a few bags of clay, a guitar string and some metal shaped hoop like tools. As the visitor opened the bags of clay, cubs were amazed to find that the clay had hairs in it to help is stick together when it dried. Everyone stood back in awe (even the leaders) at the little bits of nylon hair on a piece of string!
Then, the cubs got a very thorough demonstration on how to create everything from eye's to snake skin! After all of this- cubs were challenged to create some monsters. They were simply told to be creative and they certainly were! Slowly but surely, monsters with 3 eyes, 4 mouths, horns, snake skin textures and even 'clay hair' started to emerge from the balls of clay.
Finally, as the monsters were receiving their final terrifying features, Cubs were challenged to take their creations a step further by decorating their monsters at home. We look forward to parents evening when our cubs bring down their efforts and we will be awarding a prize for the best. All of the photos from tonight can be viewed in the photos zone.
Creative challenge is part of Cubs' balanced programme and gives our young people opportunities to express themselves through drama, singing, art and crafts. Find out more about our current programme.


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The thin red line: NATO can't afford to lose Kabul and Kiev
by Pepe Escobar on 19 Oct 2022 0 Comment
Let's start with Pipelineistan. Nearly seven years ago, I showed how Syria was the ultimate Pipelineistan war. Damascus had rejected the – American – plan for a Qatar-Turkey gas pipeline, to the benefit of Iran-Iraq-Syria (for which a memorandum of understanding was signed).
What followed was a vicious, concerted "Assad must go" campaign: proxy war as the road to regime change. The toxic dial went exponentially up with the instrumentalization of ISIS – yet another chapter of the war of terror (italics mine). Russia blocked ISIS, thus preventing regime change in Damascus. The Empire of Chaos-favoured pipeline bit the dust.
Now the Empire finally exacted payback, blowing up existing pipelines – Nord Stream (NS) and Nord Steam 2 (NS2) – carrying or about to carry Russian gas to a key imperial economic competitor: the EU.
We all know by now that Line B of NS2 has not been bombed, or even punctured, and it's ready to go. Repairing the other three – punctured – lines would not be a problem: a matter of two months, according to naval engineers. Steel on the Nord Streams is thicker than on modern ships. Gazprom has offered to repair them – as long as Europeans behave like grown-ups and accept strict security conditions.
We all know that's not going to happen. None of the above is discussed across NATOsan media. That means that Plan A by the usual suspects remains in place: creating a contrived natural gas shortage, leading to the de-industrialization of Europe, all part of the Great Reset, rebranded "The Great Narrative".
Meanwhile, the EU Muppet Show is discussing the ninth sanction package against Russia. Sweden refuses to share with Russia the results of the dodgy intra-NATO "investigation" of itself on who blew up the Nord Streams.
At Russian Energy Week, President Putin summarized the stark facts.
- Europe blames Russia for the reliability of its energy supplies even though it was receiving the entire volume it bought under fixed contracts.
- The "orchestrators of the Nord Stream terrorist attacks are those who profit from them".
- Repairing Nord Stream strings "would only make sense in the event of continued operation and security".
- Buying gas on the spot market will cause a €300 billion loss for Europe.
- The rise in energy prices is not due to the Special Military Operation (SMO), but to the West's own policies.
Yet the Dead Can Dance show must go on. As the EU forbids itself to buy Russian energy, the Brussels Eurocracy skyrockets their debt to the financial casino. The imperial masters laugh all the way to the bank with this form of collectivism – as they continue to profit from using financial markets to pillage and plunder whole nations.
Which bring us to the clincher: the Straussian/neo-con psychos controlling Washington's foreign policy eventually might – and the operative word is "might" – stop weaponizing Kiev and start negotiations with Moscow only after their main industrial competitors in Europe go bankrupt. But even that would not be enough – because one of NATO's key "invisible" mandates is to capitalize, whatever means necessary, on food resources across the Pontic-Caspian steppe: we're talking about 1 million km2 of food production from Bulgaria all the way to Russia.
Judo in Kharkov
The SMO has swiftly transitioned into a "soft" CTO (Counter-Terrorist Operation) even without an official announcement. The no-nonsense approach of the new overall commander with full carte blanche from the Kremlin, General Surovikin, a.k.a. "Armageddon", speaks for itself.
There are absolutely no indicators whatsoever pointing to a Russian defeat anywhere along the over 1,000 km-long frontline. The spun-to-death withdrawal from Kharkov may have been a masterstroke: the first stage of a judo move that, cloaked in legality, fully developed after the terrorist bombing of Krymskiy Most – the Crimea Bridge.
Let's look at the retreat from Kharkov as a trap – as in Moscow graphically demonstrating "weakness". That led the Kiev forces – actually their NATO handlers – to gloat about Russia "fleeing", abandon all caution, and go for broke, even embarking on a terror spiral, from the assassination of Darya Dugina to the attempted destruction of Krymskiy Most.
In terms of Global South public opinion, it's already established that General Armageddon's Daily Morning Missile Show is a legal (italics mine) response to a terrorist state. Putin may have sacrificed, for a while, a piece on the chessboard – Kharkov: after all, the SMO mandate is not to hold terrain, but to demilitarize Ukraine.
Moscow even won post-Kharkov: all the Ukrainian military equipment accumulated in the area was thrown into offensives, just for the Russian Army to merrily engage in non-stop target practice. And then there's the real clincher: Kharkov set in motion a series of moves that allowed Putin to eventually go for checkmate, via the missile-heavy "soft" CTO, reducing the collective West to a bunch of headless chickens.
In parallel, the usual suspects continue to relentlessly spin their new nuclear "narrative". Foreign Minister Lavrov has been forced to repeat ad nauseam that according to Russian nuclear doctrine, a strike may only happen in response to an attack "which endangers the entire existence of the Russian Federation."
The aim of the D.C. psycho killers – in their wild wet dreams – is to provoke Moscow into using tactical nuclear weapons in the battlefield. That was another vector in rushing the timing of the Crimea Bridge terror attack: after all British intel plans had been swirling for months. That all came to nought.
The hysterical Straussian/neocon propaganda machine is frantically, pre-emptively, blaming Putin: he's "cornered", he's "losing", he's "getting desperate" so he'll launch a nuclear strike.
It's no wonder the Doomsday Clock set up by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in 1947 is now placed at only 100 seconds from midnight. Right on "Doom's doorstep". This is where a bunch of American psychos is leading us.
Life at Doom's doorstep
As the Empire of Chaos, Lies and Plunder is petrified by the startling Double Fail of a massive economic/military attack, Moscow is systematically preparing for the next military offensive. As it stands, it's clear that the Anglo-American axis will not negotiate. It has not even tried for the past 8 years, and it's not about to change course, even incited by an angelic chorus ranging from Elon Musk to Pope Francis.
Instead of going Full Timur, accumulating a pyramid of Ukrainian skulls, Putin has summoned eons of Taoist patience to avoid military solutions. Terror on the Crimea Bridge may have been a game-changer. But the velvet gloves are not totally off: General Armageddon's daily aerial routine may still be seen as a – relatively polite – warning. Even in his latest landmark speech, which contained a savage indictment of the West, Putin made clear he's always open for negotiations.
Yet by now, Putin and the Security Council know why the Americans simply can't negotiate. Ukraine may be just a pawn in their game, but it's still one of Eurasia's key geopolitical nodes: whoever controls it, enjoys extra strategic depth.
The Russians are very much aware that the usual suspects are obsessed with blowing up the complex process of Eurasia integration – starting with China's BRI. No wonder important instances of power in Beijing are "uneasy" with the war. Because that's very bad for business between China and Europe via several trans-Eurasian corridors.
Putin and the Russian Security Council also know that NATO abandoned Afghanistan – an absolutely miserable failure – to place all their chips on Ukraine. So losing both Kabul and Kiev will be the ultimate mortal blow: that means abandoning the 21st Eurasian Century to the Russia-China-Iran strategic partnership.
Sabotage – from the Nord Streams to Krymskiy Most – gives away the desperation game. NATO's arsenals are virtually empty. What's left is a war of terror: the Syrianization, actually ISIS-zation of the battlefield. Managed by braindead NATO, acted on the terrain by a cannon fodder horde sprinkled with mercenaries from at least 34 nations.
So Moscow may be forced to go all the way – as the Totally Unplugged Dmitry Medvedev revealed: now this is about eliminating a terrorist regime, totally dismantle its politico-security apparatus and then facilitate the emergence of a different entity. And if NATO still blocks it, direct clash will be inevitable.
NATO's thin red line is they can't afford to lose both Kabul and Kiev. Yet it took two acts of terror – on Pipelineistan and on Crimea – to imprint a much starker, burning red line: Russia will not allow the Empire to control Ukraine, whatever it takes. That's intrinsically linked to the future of the Greater Eurasia Partnership. Welcome to life at Doom's doorstep.
Courtesy The Saker; posted with the author's permission and widely cross-posted
https://thesaker.is/the-thin-red-line-nato-cant-afford-to-lose-kabul-and-kiev/


At RateDumpster, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Junction City, OR, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
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Compulsive holding on to has recently been recently pushed in the spotlight thanks to many reality tv series that show off the condition. While the best way to know about this illness than any other time, its reputation in the media hasn't had a completely positive influence on sufferers and people who love these people, as holding on to is often dealt with as a vision rather than because serious problem that it must be. It is sometimes uncomplicated to forget those who are impacted by this disease confront emotional along with practical difficulties long after the cameras happen to be turned off.
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The Gerstreitalm lies at 1,575 m on the sunny side of Ellmautal valley. You can reach this hut in about a 1 h walk. The views are marvelous.
This hut is a paradise for families with children – a big playground gets kids' pulses racing with excitement. Your hosts serve hikers hearty snacks with homemade products.
20 people can overnight at the Gerstreitalm. Double and multi-bed rooms are also available.


TALLAHASSEE — Continuing to highlight partners who help the Florida Public Service Commission (PSC) raise public awareness about the Lifeline Assistance program and energy and water conservation, this month the Commission recognizes the Marianna Housing Authority as a PSC Helping Hand.
Begun last year, each month the PSC highlights a partner agency or organization whose clients are eligible for the federal Lifeline Assistance telephone discount program and/or needs help curbing energy and water bills. Through these PSC Helping Hands partnerships, the Commission shares vital information to help consumers stretch their pocketbooks and meet their monthly bills.


Check VSBJJA out in NYC's Top Martial Arts schools!
I HAD MY BACK against the wall. While we often find ourselves in this metaphorical situation, I was, literally, pinned up against a New York City wall by a common street thief on Halloween night, two years ago. My heart leaped into my throat, my hands grabbed the mugger's forearms, and my brain took a momentary vacation. We stood like that, my hands locked around his arms by a Wachovia wall, for what seemed like hours until he finally managed to grab my wallet from my pocket. The corner of Broadway & 10th Street has never been quite the same.
The details are hazy, but one thing is clear: I was fortunate that among the countless people who simply walked by, one stopped and heeded my call for "help!" Out of fear of my helper angel, the thief retreated, and I walked away with not only my health but my wallet, phone, and all my belongings. Yes, very fortunate.
But despite my good luck, the weeks that followed were filled with intense fear of shadows, rustling leaves, and pretty much anything that moved or made a sound. This was, of course, highly inconvenient for an NYU student who spent all of his time in New York.
After about two months, I made a choice to fight the daily fear. I enrolled for a Krav Maga course at the 14th Street Y. To my surprise, the TV story of "get mugged," "take self-defense course," and "regain confidence and control" was one Hollywood got right. And so martial arts ceased to be a vague mixture of Jackie Chan movies and roundhouse kicks and became an irreplaceable force in my life.
In a field as broad as this one, you will, of course, find many more varieties of martial arts as well as countless other studios close to home. But more important than the "what" and the "where" is making the commitment to become better, stronger, and more confident.
Among the many reasons to pursue a martial art are to become stronger in self-defense, to compete in a sport, or to simply have a spicier workout than the treadmill. Most studios will allow you to take an introductory class for free, allowing you to check out the instructors, the studio, and the martial art to see if it suits your style. So whatever the reason or martial art, I dare you to try…Because decisions are best made with freedom – that is, before your back is against the wall.


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Amsler Announces Expanded Leak Testing Capabilities at NPE 2012 (See Video Below)
Home / Amsler Announces Expanded Leak Testing Capabilities at NPE 2012 (See Video Below)
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Amsler Equipment Blow Molding Machine Leak tester
New Advancements Include High-Output Single-Head and Flying Head with Timing Screw
ORLANDO, Fla., April 1, 2012 – W. Amsler Equipment Inc., a leading manufacturer of all-electric, reheat stretch-blow molding machines and ancillary equipment based in Richmond Hill, Ont., Canada, has announced several new features and capabilities for its broad line of leak testers. Among the new products are a flying head leak tester with timing screw for difficult-to-process bottles and a high-output single-head unit. Amsler made the introductions at NPE 2012: The International Plastics Showcase, April 1-5, 2012 at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, Fla. (Booth #583).
Amsler's innovative flying head design, which provides high output, flexibility, and tool-free changeovers., now comes with a timing screw for easier bottle handling and more precise positioning on the conveyor. The unit uses a timing screw and pneumatic gating to orient and process more difficult bottles, particularly those that shingle. The five-head unit, which runs up to 250 bottles/min is for plastic containers up to 2 liters for beverage, personal-care, consumer goods, and other markets.
The flying head design is one of the fastest, most cost-effective, user-friendly, and compact solutions in the industry, ensuring maximum productivity and improved quality for processors and product manufacturers, according to President Werner Amsler.
Amsler also introduced a simple, single-head flying head leak tester with no gates or change parts. It is easy to operate and delivers 50% greater output than traditional single-head leak testers, according to the company. The single-head leak tester can be built onto an existing conveyor line without requiring modification to the existing line.
Amsler's new leak testing features and capabilities are fully tested and commercially available.
About W. Amsler Equipment Inc.
W. Amsler Equipment Inc. is a privately-held Canadian company founded in 1994 by Werner Amsler. In addition to rotary and linear blow molding machines, W. Amsler also supplies auxiliary equipment for complete blow bolding plants, water treatment, and filling lines. Other products include bottle-inspection units, air compressors, process chillers, mold temperature-control units, blow-dome spin-off trimmers, gaylord dumpers, vacuum conveyors, and blow molds. The company has also partnered with companies to provide turnkey liquid filling equipment. More details are available at www.amslerequipment.net.
About Heidi Amsler
W. Amsler marks 25th anniversary
Make or Buy – Should you make your own bottles?
Blow Molded Bottle Leak Detection Overview For Executives
W. Amsler Equipment Inc. Marks 25th Anniversary as Leading Manufacturer of All-Electric Blow Molding Machinery
W. Amsler Announces First Commercial Application for 64oz PET Barrier Growler for Craft Beer Market
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W. Amsler Equipment Inc. is a Canadian company founded by Werner Amsler. Since 1994 the Amsler group has been helping plants in North America and worldwide with Blow Molding Machines and ancillary equipment.
W. Amsler Equipment Inc. is the only North American manufacturer of all-electric linear PET stretch blow molding equipment, 100% designed, built and serviced in North America.
Heidi Amsler - January 16, 2020
Heidi Amsler - December 21, 2019
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For someone who has survived a stroke, regular healthy exercise is vitally important!
Stroke survivors often become physically inactive, depressed, and progressively weaker, which invites recurring strokes and costly illness. But with regular exercise, stroke survivors can live a normal lifespan and a happier and productive life, with fewer acute stroke-related incidents.
Finding the right exercise formula can be a challenge. Standard fitness options designed for normally-abled people may not accommodate a stroke survivor's specific physical, neural and emotional challenges.
Our goal is to help you discover productive and enjoyable activity that becomes part of everyday life. We want to help you find information, inspiration and motivation for living your Best Possible Life.


In my opinion, travel is the best investment one can make. It's the only one I can think of that doesn't depreciate over time. In fact, the value of past adventures only seems to grow and grow. Looking back at the last three months I'm astounded by how much I've managed to see, accomplish and learn. My mind warps when I try to unpack and relive all the memories that I've managed to fit into one summer. In the grand scheme of things, 90 days is a swift passage of time. But considering the ground I've covered, the souls I've encountered and the lessons that have arisen from this journey it's been the longest, most revelatory 90 days of my life.
August, in particular, has been very action-packed. But in an odd way I've found the commotion to be quite natural. I've found a sense of normalcy in the calculated chaos necessary to live out of panniers.
After my romp through Germany, I arrived in Vienna to meet up with a group of fellow Americans to attend a permaculture workshop taught in part by the infamous "Rebel Farmer" Sepp Holzer. The twelve day symposium would bring us through the rich cultural landscape of the Styrian mountains as we visited various farms, producers and stewards of the land. Though I had to store my bike in Vienna for the time being, the fishing quiver very easily fit into my daypack. Sad as I was to leave Freyja behind, my load was significantly lighter. About 35ish lbs. She's a Cadillac...not a Porsche.
The first four days of the workshop were held on Sepp Holzer's private land where fishing was essentially out of the question. No need to upset the man who diligently and regularly uses his legal fisticuffs to protect his Alpen paradise. But the mountainous landscape riddled with clear streams of glacial runoff had me eyeing potential beats everywhere we went. I was chomping at the bit and eager for aqueous adventure. Still, no dice. Strike one.
Upon arriving in Übelbach, our host, Johnny, assured me that I'd get a chance to fish in his charming Styrian hometown. After all, "bach" means brook or stream auf Deutsch. And in this case, the stream ran right through the center of the town. Similar to Germany, Austria is rather strict with their public access laws. But rightfully so. As a foreigner, I would need permission from a tenured landowner for everything to be copasetic. Johnny had a friend who owned farmland adjacent to the stream. Unfortunately, said friend was on holiday whilst we were in Übelbach. Strike two. Patience.
Several days later the permaculture workshop came to a close and I was reunited with my bike. No bites--not even a remote chance of legally fishing--but many great memories and new friends. A very eye-opening experience indeed to spend time with such mindful and engaged people. Plus, I got a dashing new pair of lederhosen. No longer do I need to wear the hand-me-downs of my grandfather--cherished as they may be.
On that note, it's appropriate that I explain the significance of my final point of interest on this journey: Zell am See.
My great grandfather, Gustave Krollman (aka Gusty), was a native born Austrian. He moved to the US before having children, but he never lost touch with his heritage. Summer after summer Gusty would take my grandfather, Carl, with him as he traveled back to his homeland to take rest and paint in the picturesque village of Zell am See. Anyone who knew Carl also knew that these summers had an undeniable impact on him. Visiting often, he kept friendships alive late into his life and then handed the torch off to me and my cousins. I grew up listening to countless stories from these fabled summers. Wherever he went in life, Carl carried Austria in his heart. And I similarly have the Austrian pride running through my veins.
After Carl's passing, some of his ashes were spread in the beautiful Zeller lake. A few of my family members have been fortunate enough to visit over the years, but this is my first time. A very appropriate way to end this pilgrimage; by visiting my grandfathers resting place in one of the most beautiful mountain vistas on earth. Aside from the heritage aspect, the opportunities to fish, camp and bike are abundant here.
My first day in Zell I did some reconnaissance around the lake. Many local anglers fish for Zander and Pike either offshore or in a boat. But the lake also has a healthy Trout population. After a few hours of searching I found a beautiful outflow with water clear enough to spot a few Rainbows hanging out in the open. On my approach they retreated to the shady bank of the stream. I'd have to be more methodical to hook these beauties, but I had my beat secured.
The next morning I rose early to greet the day. Clear skies and no wind. Perfect. I quickly made my way back to the sweet spot and geared up. I was able to make a more stealth approach this time by wading through high grass on the marshy bank. Once again, I spotted a few trout and started to cast. Perhaps it was my less-than-perfect casting ability, or maybe my choice of killer bug flies, but I only seemed to send the fish back to their hiding spot. Time to think.
After a short breakfast break I relocated to another spot farther up the stream closer to the lake. I found a walking bridge that allowed me to peer into the water where I once again saw trout schooling. But before gearing up and choosing a fly, I sat and read the surroundings. A week of rain had raised the water significantly and there was lots of particulate flowing down the outflow. The only visible insects in the water were crawling along the top. Hint hint.
The only terrestrial fly that I've got with me is a foam spider. Seemed like an odd choice at first but I thought "what the hell...can't hurt." So I tied it on and let 'er rip. Perched on the bridge, I started to cast upstream of the fish and let the spider float right in front of them. It certainly got their attention. My vantage point helped in watching them gain interest. Only once I had them trailing would I give the line a teeny twitch. After four or five casts...BOOM. I had landed a whopper.
Compared to the negligibly sized Perch I had caught previously, this trout gave one hell of a fight. With an aggressive bite it wasn't hard to set the hook, but I had to get off the bridge and down in the marsh to bring him in. After he fought upstream for five or so minutes, he was tired enough that I could bring him to shore by hand. No net. Just patience. An EXTREMELY gratifying catch indeed. Cooked with garlic and lemon over coals, a delicious one as well.
I can't help but think I've redeemed myself with this lovely Trout. But I can't take all of the credit. I feel like it was a gift. A cosmic pat on the back from my grandpa watching over me. Any way you look at it, I can't think of a more quintessentially perfect way to end such an amazing journey.
Great job Robbie. Carl would be so proud of you and delighted that you loved Zell as much as he did. Thge trout was his thank you!


T'ai chi is an ancient internal martial art-a mindful martial art- focusing on smooth, slow movements that cultivate inward focus and free energy flow. Because it's based on movement and flow, some people even call T'ai chi a moving meditation. T'ai chi is rooted in the Taoist philosophy of harmonious living.
T'ai chi's gentle, flowing movements have been used since ancient times to release stress, heal chronic health problems and slow down the process of aging. This is done through mind body exercises that develop chi, the life energy that flows within us.
Tai Chi training brings many benefits, including: toned muscles; improved posture when both still and moving; better balance and coordination; greater self awareness; and increased well being. The stress release and relaxation response created by Tai Chi also help general health and peace of mind.
Tai Chi movements encourage Chi to flow through the acupuncture meridians of the body and clear any blockages, to maintain good health. At the end of each training session, the energy generated is stored in the Lower Tan Tien energy centre. The Lower Tan Tien is a major energy centre located just below and behind the navel. As time goes by, you accumulate more and more energy, which strengthens your resistance to disease and provides a reserve which can be called upon in times of need.


The Rosedale ROC post has a good complete set of surface features.
The circular metal plate on the main hatch is a mount for a Ground Zero Indicator (GZI) which was an arrangement of 4 pinhole cameras to indicate the direction of nuclear blasts. The metal pipe emerging from the side would have connected to the hand pump at the bottom of the shaft.
A louvered air vent is located at each end, one is part of the main hatch the other standing alone.
The large metal post is a Radiac mount which would hold equipment to measure radioactivity levels.
The smaller metal post is part of a Bomb Power Indicator (BPI) which was connected to a gauge underground to measure the pressure or shockwave from the blast.


text:
Working Class Struggles
Special Haiti
Revolutionary Violence
Wednesday, 22 | January | 2020
IWL – FI
"Here is the voice of Tehran, the true voice of Iran, the voice of the revolution!"
With these words, on February 11, 1979, revolutionary groups that seized radio Tehran announced the end of the monarchy regime.
By: Fabio Bosco
As Ervand Abrahamian narrates , in the book Iran Between Two Revolutions: "The final drama began in Tehran on the night of Friday, February 9, when the imperial guard tried to crush a riot among Air force cadets and technicians in the large military base near Jaleh Plaza. After the conflict began, the guerrilla organizations ran to the aid of the besieged cadets and technicians. After six hours of intense fighting, the rebels forced the imperial guards to retreat, distributed arms to the local population, built barricades in the streets and, in the words of the French newspaper Le Monde, turned the district around the square into a new Paris Commune "[i].
"After defeating the imperial guard, the fighters, on February 10 and 11, took over jails, police stations, weapons factories, and the main military bases of Tehran." [ii]
Several factors contributed to the revolution.
The Shah regime
In 1953, a coup overtly supported by the CIA and the British secret service overthrew Mossadeq bourgeois nationalist government . Mossadeq had nationalized the oil, the country's main wealth, which was in the hands of the British oil company currently called British Petroleum (BP). The monarchy is restored and Shah Reza Pahlevi assumes power. The Shah governs with martial laws, military courts, and in 1957 forms a powerful political police called Savak, with the support of the CIA, the FBI and the Israeli Mossad. In 1963, the Shah launched its White Revolution, a plan for the modernization and westernization of the country financed by high income from oil exports, which brought major structural changes over the years.
Along with the liberal bourgeoisie, the traditional bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie called bazaari, new classes and social strata were formed.
The Bazaari "were not only those who had shops in the market (bazaar) but also those who made wholesale trade as well as traditional manufacturing and exporting. The Bazaari are not a social class in the Marxist sense, since they have different relations with the means of production "[iii].
The incentives to mechanize the countryside and agribusiness led to the marginalization of several rural communities, which migrated to the cities. The majority became a large army of underemployed and dispossessed, called Mostazafin. This sector would play an important role in the revolution.
The support to big industry and infrastructure generated a new urban proletariat and a new westernized middle class, of which the numerous state bureaucracy and the intelligentsia were also part of.
The Shah also made strong investments in the armed forces and the Savak, acquiring weapons and high tech equipment .
The emergence of this great industry, of the new middle class, widespread education, cultural westernization , are factors that reduced the power and influence of the Bazaari and the Shia clergy called Ulama.
Beginning in 1975, a succession of inflation increases produces widespread discontent in the middle class and the proletariat. The Shah blames the Bazaari for inflation and starts a campaign against them, which launched the whole sector into opposition.
In May 1977, a group of 53 lawyers launched a public letter criticizing the regime. This is followed by other manifestos from intellectuals and artists, as well as by the formation of groups and associations.
In addition to the dictatorship and inflation, another factor that motivated these public expressions of dissent was the election of Jimmy Carter in the United States in 1976, and his human rights policy.
The revolution begins
On November 19, 1977, the police tried to prevent 10,000 students from participating in the 10th poetry reading session organized by the writers' association. The students went on the march shouting slogans against the regime. The police repression killed a student, injured more than 70 and arrested about 100. The repression generated student protests the following ten days, and closures of the main universities in Tehran.
On January 7, 1978, a regime newspaper published an article with slanders against Ayatollah Khomeini and the Shia clergy, accusing him of allying with communists to undo the gains of the white revolution. The Bazaari and the Ulama of the city of Qom closed the Bazaars and seminaries, 4000 students went to the streets to demand a retraction. In the confrontation with the police, 70 demonstrators were killed and another 500 were injured.
The Ulama summoned demonstrations on the fortieth day of struggle, a Shia tradition. Thus, on February 18 there were demonstrations in twelve cities. In Tabriz, the protesters rebelled for the murder of a young man by the police and took the city for two days, attacking police stations, Shah's political party locals (Resurgence), banks, luxury hotels, and cinemas specializing in pornography. Between 100 and 300 protesters were killed.
Forty days later, on March 29, bazaars and universities shut down , and new demonstrations were held for 3 days in fifty-five cities . In five cities there was police violence and more deaths.
On May 10, new shut downs and demonstrations took place in several cities, and in twenty-four of them there was police violence.
The Shah made some concessions and suspended the persecution of merchants accused of economic abuse. In addition, he dismissed the prime minister and applied investment reduction policies to appease inflation.
These concessions led the Ulama, the Bazzari and the liberal bourgeoisie to suspend street demonstrations and demand a democratic constitution. The Ayatollah Khomeini, from abroad, asked for the continuity of demonstrations until the end of the "pagan regime", but was not supported.
The proletariat takes the stage
Ervand narrates : "During the uprisings in early 1978, urban wage-earners were absent. With the notable exception of Tabriz, where workers from small private factories joined the struggle, most of the demonstrations were held around universities, bazaars and seminars. The majority of participants came from the traditional and modern middle classes. However , the situation changed dramatically after June, when the urban poor, mainly factory workers and civil construction workers, began to participate in street demonstrations. Their participation not only expanded demonstrations from tens to hundreds of thousands or even millions, it also changed the class composition of the opposition and transformed middle class protests into joint middle class and working class protest . In fact, the entry of the working class made the triumph of the Islamic revolution possible "[iv].
Starting in June 1978, a wave of strikes over wages and even housing and free union elections began to paralyze the economy. Electricians from various cities, sanitation workers from Tehran and Abadan, textiles from Behshahr, metallurgists from Tabriz, papermakers from Fars, assembly plant workers in Tehran and civil and metal workers from Ahwaz.
In addition to strikes, workers held demonstrations in the streets. On July 22, in Mashad there was a conflict with the police with more than 40 demonstrators killed. Seven days later there were conflicts in five cities.
On August 5, during the holy month of Ramadan, there were conflicts in seven cities, in Isfahan, armed demonstrators seized the city and freed an Ayatollah who had been imprisoned. Two days later, after killing more than 100 demonstrators , the government resumed control .
On August 19 a movie theater burned down, killing 400 people in the city of Abadan. The next day, 10,000 people took to the streets and demanded the fall of the Shah.
The Shah changed the prime minister for Sharif Emani, and made new concessions seeking to serve both the liberal bourgeoisie and the Ulama. Their position, at that time, was not to overthrow the Shah and his regime. On the contrary, they wanted a constitution that guaranteed their economic and political interests. In this way, they made an agreement with the new government to hold peaceful and legal demonstrations.
However, the masses did not follow what was agreed. On September 4, the day of Eid-al-Fikr (the last day of the holy month of Ramadan), demonstrations returned. On September 7, half a million protesters in Tehran shouted "Death to the Shah," "America Out " and "Islamic Republic."
The Shah decreed martial law in Tehran and eleven other cities. The next day, the worst conflicts were in Tehran. In working-class neighborhoods south of the capital, workers barricaded and attacked military vehicles with Molotov cocktails. In the neighboring emergency villages, they were shooting at demonstrators from helicopters. In Jaleh Square, west of the capital, 5,000 people participating in a public event were dispersed by gunfire. About 500 died, according to the accounts of participants. In total there were 4,000 dead, according to opposition sources. That day, known as Black Friday, marked the final divorce between the regime and the working population.
On September 9, 700 oil workers from the Tehran refinery went on strike demanding better wages and the end of martial law. On the 11th, oil workers from the Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz and Abadán refineries joined the strike. On the 14th, it was the workers in the cement industry in Tehran.
In October, the refineries, most of the oil and gas fields, the Bandar Shahpour petrochemical complex, the National Bank, copper mines and forty other large factories were paralyzed. Then, strikes paralyzed almost all bazaars, universities, schools, oil facilities, banks, ministries, post office, railways, press, customs, ports, internal flights, radio and TV stations, public hospitals, paper and tobacco factories, textiles , and others. That general strike was led by 5,000 bankers, 30,000 oil workers, and 100,000 public employees. They raised both economic and political claims (abolition of Savak, suspension of martial law, freedom of all political prisoners, return of Ayatollah Khomeini, and end of tyranny).
The strikes and marches showed that the workers, the poor and the middle classes would no longer allow the Shah to stay, even if they had to face an atrocious repression. In this impasse, the ruling class will build its alternative.
In early November, the leaders of the liberal bourgeoisie – Sanjabi of the old National Front, and Bazargan of the Liberation Movement – went to Paris to meet with Ayatollah Khomeini. Their agreement was based on the formation of a new government, without the Shah, based on Islam, democracy, and national sovereignty. Clearly under Khomeini hegemony, the alliance between the liberal bourgeoisie and the Ulama was thus constructed.
On the other hand, the workers, in the midst of strikes, marches and repression, began to develop their self-organization. Oil workers, for example, suspended the strike on November 16 to produce only what is necessary for domestic consumption and for the importation of essential goods. In several industries, workers were forming councils called shoras to take control of production. The shoras multiplied after the fall of the monarchy and became the most progressive phenomenon of the whole process [v].
The left parties once again reorganized openly. The Tudeh (communist party linked to Moscow) was the main force, but its policy of alliance with the liberal bourgeoisie and the Ulama prevented it from fulfilling any progressive role. The two guerrilla groups, the Marxist-Leninist Fedaiyn, of Guevarist orientation, and the Islamic-Marxist Mujahedin, returned to the scene. After having carried out several guerrilla actions against the Shah regime between 1971 and 1976, they ceased their military actions and actively participated in the revolution, gaining significant weight by capitalizing on their historical actions of resistance to the regime and a leftist program . There was also a small Trotskyist group, the HKS (Hezb-e Kargaran-e Socialist – Socialist Workers Party) that was formed from the unity of exiled Iranians in Europe, linked to the Unified Secretariat of the Fourth International, and others exiled in the United States, linked to the SWP (Socialist Workers Party).
According to the account of one of its leaders, Maziar Razi, the group acted among the oil workers in Khuzestan (province where oil and gas reserves are concentrated) and among the oppressed nationalities, which are the majority among Iranians. The activities in the oil worker's shoras made it one of the first political prisoners in the Islamic Republic. After 1983, the group began to operate in exile.
The situation changed rapidly. In the midst of mass mobilizations in December, the Ashura march [national holiday in countries with Shia majority ], a very important date in the Shia calendar, had the participation of two million people in Tehran. Under the command of the liberal bourgeoisie and the Ulama, a manifesto was read defending the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini, the end of the monarchy, the return of exiles, protection of religious minorities, revival of agriculture, and social justice for dispossessed masses. The agreement with the government to avoid radicalization did not prevent leftist organizations from carrying their flags defending "Death to the Shah" and "Weapons for the People".
The radicalization increased. In the slums, youth raised barricades and fought the police and army. As of December 25, strikes paralyzed the entire economy, including the oil industry. Guerrilla groups carried out military actions against foreign companies, against the U.S. embassy, and assassinated an American executive of the oil industry. Soldiers increasingly refused to shoot at demonstrators. There were cases in which they fired against their officers, in others they joined the demonstrations even with tanks, and in the provincial cities they distributed arms to the population.
In this context, the Carter administration initiated contacts with representatives of the liberal bourgeoisie and the Ulama. In early January, he sent General R. Huyser to Tehran with the aim of keeping the Iranian armed forces intact and allied with the United States. Part of that plan was to strengthen the new Prime Minister Bakhtiar, appointed on December 30, and force the Shah into voluntary exile. Bakhtiar announced the end of the Savak, ordered the release of all political prisoners, suspended the export of oil to Israel and South Africa, and cut military and nuclear budget. The Shah departed on January 16 and Ayatollah Khomeini returned on February 1. Both events were commemorated throughout the country.
While the state was disintegrating, power passed to the Komitehs, local organizations commanded by Khomeini's allies. These Komitehs organized the provision of food and fuel, formed militias that were later called Pasdaran, from the poorest population of Mostazafin, organized trials based on Sharia (Koran law) and coordinated with Bazaari and Shoras in large industries.
In provinces where oppressed nationalities such as the Kurds, Azerbaijanis or Turkmen – Balochi and Arabs were the majority -, control passed to local leaders, either civilians like the Democratic Party of Kurdistan, or religious like the Ayatollah Shariatmadari.
Upon arriving in Tehran, Khomeini demanded the resignation of Bakhtiar and appointed Bazargan to form a provisional government. In addition, he formed a Komiteh in Jaleh Square to coordinate all the local Komitehs and dissolve the non-allied Komitehs. Finally, he formed a secret Revolutionary Council of eight members, together with the liberal bourgeoisie, to direct the entire negotiation process with the American embassy, army officers, public administration, and with the left. While they negotiated, the guerrilla organizations along with the Air Force cadets defeated the Imperial Guard and took the military units in the capital, liquidating the old regime .
[i] ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, "Iran Between Two Revolutions", Princeton University Press, 1982.
[ii] KEDDIE, Nikki, "Modern Iran – Roots and Results of Revolution", Yale University, 2003.
[iii] Ídem.
[iv] ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, "Iran Between Two Revolutions", Princeton University Press, 1982.
[v] BAYAT, Asef, "Workers and Revolution in Iran: A Third World Experience of Workers' Control", Zed Books, 1987.
Article published in www.pstu.org.br, 2/14/2019.
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St. Michael's is a smaller than average Junior school in Twerton, a suburb of the city of Bath, situated to the west of the city and home to the city's football club. The school converted to academy status in April 2018 joining the Bath & Wells Multi - Academy Trust.
We serve families from a wide variety of socio-economic backgrounds. The majority of pupils are of White British heritage with a high proportion of pupils identified as disadvantaged and therefore eligible for pupil premium funding. Twerton is an area of very significant deprivation in relation to national indicators and has a significantly higher than average percentage of pupils with special educational needs and / or disabilities. The school is organised into 5 classes with one mixed age class (Y5/6).
At St. Michael's, we support our children with their personal development and growth and strive to ensure that they become confident, lifelong learners. We create a safe, loving, caring and nurturing environment that promotes our Christian values. We want our children to develop a strong sense of Christianity and prepare them for the next stage in their educational journey. Our Golden Rules are linked to our Christian Values and the justice our rules provide help us to demonstrate and develop compassion, reverence and love.
St Michael's Church Junior School sits on a large site with extensive outside facilities including a fort, forest and new climbing frame. We have a fully functioning computer suite and a developing library. iPads are widely available to enhance children's learning. We learn mastery in maths, are Timestables Rockstars and use Talk for Writing across the school. We also use an app called MarvellousMe to communicate with our parents.
From our four proud houses of children and staff to our Equalities team, we believe together we can.
Our fort and climbing frame.
Our approach to reading is called Resilient Reader. We use finger torches to help us!
Forest school sessions with Colin.


This luxury Parka coat is absolutely gorgeous and superbly made in a soft touch green twill fabric; a change from traditionally thick fabrics. It has a feminine design with its super soft thick cream faux fur detachable lining, collar and hood trim. It has a toggle drawstring waist for shaping and traditional fishtail rear vent with a toggle drawstring hem. It has four front pockets, two of which are zipped, all with silver chrome stud detail, plus an inside secret pocket which is handy for your mobile phone of loose change. You can't go wrong with this special coat which is a must-have for your winter wardrobe (with faux fur lining) or spring wardrobe (without faux fur lining).


text:
Singapore Sling is a 1993 Australian television film about a private eye in Singapore. Directed by Robert Marchand, it led to a series of TV films.

References

External links

Australian television films
1993 television films
1993 films
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Robert Marchand

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia