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Technology and Culture
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Are We Worthy of Our Kitchens?
Christine Rosen
One of the best recent advertising campaigns is for a new line of high-end washers and dryers made by General Electric. A supermodel and a dorky scientist collide on the street, falling unexpectedly in love, uniting brains and beauty, utility and aestheticism. The fruit of this union is the household appliance of the future — sophisticated, sleek, an electronic image of domestic bliss for our times. The perfect washer and dryer create the perfect family.
Given the great range and power of our contemporary technologies, it is hardly surprising that our expectations for modern machines are especially high at home. We seek movie-quality entertainment with our oversized, flat-panel, high-definition televisions. We seek business-quality communication by installing satellite-powered Internet access in our home offices. We seek restaurant-quality kitchens with our six-burner stovetops and cappuccino-making machines. We want the latest high-tech contrivance or convenience, hoping that it will make old jobs easier, or that it will fulfill new longings we never knew existed.
At the same time, some of the most remarkable household appliances are now so mundane that we rarely think of them as technologies at all. Consider — or reconsider — the washing machine. In many homes, it is relegated to the basement or some other hidden corner. It is used often but not given much attention by its owner unless it breaks. Most households still have reasonably priced models, almost always in white, so loud and unattractive that they are kept out of public view. Despite its humble status, however, the electric washing machine represents one of the more dramatic triumphs of technological ingenuity over physical labor. Before its invention in the twentieth century, women spent a full day or more every week performing the backbreaking task of laundering clothes. Hauling water (and the fuel to heat it), scrubbing, rinsing, wringing — one nineteenth-century American woman called laundry "the Herculean task which women all dread." No one who had the choice would relinquish her washing machine and do laundry the old-fashioned way.
Today, technology aids us in performing even the simplest domestic tasks. We have vacuums, juicers, blenders, dishwashers, lawnmowers, leaf blowers, bread machines, coffee makers, ice cream makers, food processors, microwave ovens, and much more. Yet if our domestic machines are more advanced than ever, it is unclear by what standard we should judge their success.
Many people justify buying the latest household machine as a way to save time, but family life seems as rushed as ever. Judging by how Americans spend their money — on shelter magazines and kitchen gadgets and home furnishings — domesticity appears in robust health. Judging by the way Americans actually live, however, domesticity is in precipitous decline. Families sit together for meals much less often than they once did, and many homes exist in a state of near-chaos as working parents try to balance child-rearing, chores, long commutes, and work responsibilities. As Cheryl Mendelson, author of a recent book on housekeeping, observes, "Comfort and engagement at home have diminished to the point that even simple cleanliness and decent meals — let alone any deeper satisfactions — are no longer taken for granted in many middle-class homes." Better domestic technologies have surely not produced a new age of domestic bliss.
Ironically, this decline in domestic competence comes at a time of great enthusiasm for "retro" appliances and other objects that evoke experiences that many Americans rarely have. We seem to value our domestic gadgets more and more even as we value domesticity less and less. Wealthy Americans can purchase an expensive, "old-fashioned" cast-iron Aga stove, but they cannot buy the experience it is intended to conjure: a cozy kitchen filled with the scents and signs of a person devoted to the domestic satisfaction of those who share a home. And middle-class Americans can buy machines that aim to make their domestic chores more pleasurable or efficient, but the ideal of transforming domestic labor into a "lifestyle" is a fantasy. The machines promise to restore peace and comfort to domestic life, but such nostalgia (whose literal meaning is "homesickness") is not a recipe for domestic happiness.
The New Electric Servants
If we are nostalgic for the idea of old-fashioned hearth and home, a brief history of housework will quash any longing for doing things the old-fashioned way. It is difficult to overstate the extraordinary physical challenge household labor posed before the creation of modern domestic technology. Cooking, cleaning, laundering, and caring for children — almost exclusively the lot of women — required considerable endurance, and exhaustion and injury were common. During her visit to the United States in the 1830s, the British writer Frances Trollope was appalled to find the country's married women suffering from pallid complexions and poor posture that she attributed to their ceaseless domestic toil (although women's lot was not much better in Trollope's native Britain).
Rapid changes occurred in the hundred years between 1850 and 1950. As historian Ruth Cowan notes, "Before 1860 almost all families did their household work in a manner that their forebears could have imitated" — that is, in a pre-industrial manner, with the benefit of certain simple tools but without the aid of sophisticated domestic technologies. By 1960, only those living in the poorest or most isolated communities lived this way. With minor modifications, improvements, and the addition of certain features, these early twentieth-century technologies are still the ones we use in the twenty-first century.
One of the first domestic technologies to influence the American home was the wood- or coal-burning cast-iron cooking stove, first patented and regularly produced in the 1830s and found in many American homes by the 1850s. Like many domestic technologies that would follow, the new stoves saved labor, but mostly male labor. Since stoves burned fuel more efficiently than the open fireplaces that Americans previously used to prepare food, the constant demand for fuel-gathering was reduced. But since fuel-gathering was traditionally a task for men and older children, the stoves did little to alleviate the demands on women's time.
By the early twentieth century, many more new appliances were available. The first motorized dishwasher was exhibited at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and by 1908, appliance manufacturers were offering electric ranges and electric dishwashers. Electric refrigerators followed in 1914. By 1920, electric sewing machines, electric irons, and the earliest vacuum cleaners appeared on the market. By the early 1940s, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than half of all American homes had washing machines and refrigerators, and nearly half had vacuum cleaners. The editor of Common Sense in the Household, an early aficionado of the vacuum, described this "miraculous" technology as follows: "It is like play to see ravelings, lint, feathers, and hair and other scraps drawn into the maw of the cleaner and vanish from sight."
But as more appliances found their way into American homes, something else began to find its way out of it: servants. In the nineteenth century, many middle class homes employed a servant to help with laundry and housekeeping, and advertisements for cleaning products often featured images of servants in starched aprons industriously polishing floors. By the early 1920s, far fewer Americans employed a servant, and they had all but disappeared from advertisements, replaced by pictures of ecstatic wives using their new "electric servants" — appliances. A Hoover vacuum ad from the 1920s featured a glamorous flapper in drop-waist satin dress and pearls, her wavy bob slickly coiffed and her eyes fixed on the floor as she enthusiastically vacuums.
Many advertisements were overt in pushing their products as replacements for paid human labor. A 1938 ad for Hoover vacuums showed a housewife slumped in an armchair, broom by her side, thinking, "It's so silly to go on wearing myself out when I can have a maid at 4d a day" — a "tireless, dependable maid" called "the Hoover!" In their 1929 study, Middletown, Robert and Helen Lynd recorded the thoughts of one woman who found that "my labor-saving devices just about offset my lack of a maid." But as the Lynds' survey of Middletown housewives revealed, "a number feel that while the actual physical labor of housework is less ... rising standards in other respects use up the saved time." This claim was echoed by other domestic experts of the era. Writing in 1919, domestic efficiency expert Christine Frederick noted, "Increasingly high standards of sanitation in the home have made cleaning one of the most important divisions of housework." Nevertheless, Frederick decreed, "there is no question of the economy in replacing the human by the mechanical servant."
American enthusiasm for new domestic appliances remained high into the 1950s, as soldiers returning from World War II married, set up house, and raised the baby boom generation. The automatic dishwasher was even a highlight of the impromptu debate between Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev in Moscow at the American National Exhibit in July 1959. When Nixon showed Khrushchev a model American kitchen, with its "newest model" dishwasher and a washing machine with a built-in panel of controls, Khrushchev responded quickly (and untruthfully), "We have such things." When Nixon noted that such technologies made things easier for American housewives, Khrushchev said petulantly, "Your capitalistic attitude toward women does not occur under Communism." (Other attitudes toward women were evidently universal: at one point during their tour, when Khrushchev noticed Nixon admiring a group of young women modeling bathing suits, he said, "You are for the girls too.")
By the 1950s, as Cowan notes, new technologies allowed the American housewife "to produce single-handedly what her counterpart of 1850 needed a staff of three or four to produce: a middle-class standard of health and cleanliness for herself, her spouse, and her children." But her new electric servants did not easily translate into spending less time on housework, even if they reduced a great deal of the most back-breaking drudgery.
Object Love
During Khrushchev's and Nixon's "kitchen debate," Khrushchev needled Nixon by asking, "Don't you have a machine that puts food into the mouth and pushes it down? Many things you've shown us are interesting but they are not needed in life. They have no useful purpose. They are merely gadgets."
Khrushchev might have been describing the modern American wedding registry. A tour of a typical registry reveals an extraordinary level of acquisitiveness for odd or luxuriously impractical machines: espresso makers costing thousands of dollars, exotic waffle irons, "professional-quality" pasta makers and even tiny blowtorches that allow budding dessert chefs to brown a perfect crème brûlée. The Williams-Sonoma kitchen company reportedly sells a $900 machine dedicated solely to the making of panini. Today's in-the-know amateur cooks covet the Thermomix, a combination of mixer, blender, food processor, and miniature stove, unfortunately not available in stores. Purchasing one, as one New York Times food writer found, is akin to attending a series of bizarre, cult-like Tupperware parties.
Even practical technologies have become extremely fussy — and extremely expensive — in their modern incarnations. For $460, you can buy a vacuum that attaches to your waist with a padded belt for ease of carrying and features a HEPA filtration system. "With the Euroclean Hip Vac," the product summary notes, "you not only vacuum more efficiently, you clean more effectively with the hospital-grade power of HEPA filtration to eliminate 99.99% of particles 0.3 microns and larger." This expensive, hospital-grade technology is advertised in a catalogue, "Gaiam Harmony," whose motto is "Simple choices make a difference."
Unsurprisingly, much of our desire for domestic technology is focused on the kitchen, and high-end kitchen appliances are one of the most sought-after features in a home. The Market Forecaster report from Kitchen and Bath Business projected that Americans would spend $68.3 billion in 2005 to remodel their kitchens, and that "high-end [remodeling] jobs — those priced at $15,000 or more — are expected to increase almost 6 percent from 2004." Scanning the luxury home and apartment listings in any urban newspaper, one finds a familiar litany of highlighted features: In Boston, for example, a "gourmet kitchen with granite countertops, Sub-Zero and Gaggenau appliances," and in New York, "Sub-Zero refrigerators, Gaggenau appliances, granite countertops in the gourmet kitchen." Similarly, the popular website Homeportfolio.com lists the brands of appliances considered desirable by design-conscious homeowners: Viking, Miele, Bosch, Wolf, Sub-Zero. A "coffee system" by Miele featured on the site — the price coyly "withheld by manufacturer" — likely costs more than a basic refrigerator and resembles a small spaceport.
One professional chef who occasionally cooks private dinners for wealthy patrons recently told the New York Times about the "spectacularly well-equipped kitchens I have seen, literally breathtaking. They've got these great big Viking or Garland or Aga stoves, gorgeous stone countertops ... multiple dishwashers, sometimes two, even three Sub-Zero refrigerators.... I walk into these kitchens and I just swoon." This object love seems especially keen for those who seek the ultimate in modern domestic technology: "professional-grade" or "gourmet" appliances. Indeed, the word "gourmet" is now more frequently used as an adjective than a noun — to describe things in the home rather than the kind of person who might live there. Gourmet once meant a person who knew about and appreciated fine food and drink. Today gourmet is more likely to describe a state-of-the-art blender.
The Perfect Kitchen
One of the most popular professional-grade appliance purveyors, Gaggenau, offers sleek stainless-steel ovens and range-tops, some using the latest in induction-style heating elements, "the very best of today's kitchen technology." The company's website even offers a movie depicting the illustrious history of Gaggenau, although it is too tasteful to provide prices for its stoves and ranges (if you have to ask, you can't afford them). The history reads like a Grimms' fairy tale: "Gaggenau is a small town at the northern edge of the Black Forest. Here, following the Thirty-Years' War in 1683, Count Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden approved the establishment" of factories. (Left unmentioned in this history is the fact that the little town of Gaggenau was also the site of a Nazi concentration camp during World War II.) More popular (and somewhat less expensive) are Viking ovens and range-tops, which promise six-burner, restaurant-quality cooking experiences and the ability to boil water in a minute or two.
If Gaggenau is the preferred professional-grade appliance of those with a modern aesthetic, and Viking is the one for those who want professional quality but can't quite afford to spend tens of thousands of dollars on a stove, then the enameled cast-iron Aga stove is the favorite appliance of those seeking an old-fashioned relationship with cooking. A Swedish physicist invented the Aga, which stands for "Amalgamated Gas Accumulator," in the 1920s, and until the late twentieth century Aga stoves were merely middle-class appliances, particularly popular in British kitchens. Today, an Aga is a financial and architectural commitment: Nearly five feet wide and weighing almost 1,300 pounds, a full-size Aga costs between $12,000 and $13,000, plus shipping, and must be installed (at additional cost) by a certified Aga installer, who often ends up calling in an engineer to insure that the kitchen floor is structurally capable of bearing the über-stove's weight.
The Aga is also an emotional investment. As the company's website notes, "Owning an Aga is more than just owning a range, its living a way of life." Powered by natural gas or electricity, the Aga can remain on all the time, and with no dials or settings, it requires learning how to cook by moving food items around a series of differently heated ovens and burners. Aga's marketing message doesn't emphasize this complicated cooking process. Instead, a recent Aga print advertisement shows a beautiful woman with tousled dark hair, a come-hither smile and daring décolletage biting into a piece of well-roasted chicken. Behind her rests a gleaming black Aga stove and the headline: "Aga: Cook better. Eat better. Taste better. Live better." Like other high-end appliance manufacturers, Aga plays on consumers' desire for retro appliances that remind them of the "good old days" when homemade meals were a regular part of family life. The advertisement also helpfully stokes consumer envy by noting, "For eighty years, the legendary Aga cooker has been the choice of serious cooks, celebrities and even royalty in Europe. Now, it is the heart of the most beautiful kitchens in North America."
If Aga has a rival, it is the La Cornue stove — "the Rolls Royce of stoves," as one owner described it to the New York Times. "Vikings are good, but this one has all the beauty you would associate with a nineteenth-century kitchen in Provence, and it's state of the art. It took us ten years to get it, and it has our names on it," engraved on a brass plaque. Even more rarified is the Bonnet, a stove the New York Times described as "custom-made by hand in France in solid cast iron with an installer flown over to assemble it on site." It can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
The desire to own such high-end appliances stems in part from that familiar impulse: envy. "I go to other people's houses and come home and gnash my teeth," one woman told the Times, describing her angst about her Aga-free kitchen. As one interior designer put it: "People want what the kitchen embodies: success. It could cost $100,000, $150,000, $200,000 in a minute." The eager manipulation of this base emotion is nothing new, of course. Writing in 1957, sociologist David Riesman observed, "Americans resent being deprived of the things they are supposed to have, and advertising tempts us with the halo of association rather than with objects per se." Appliance manufacturers are skilled at conjuring happy associations of home, hearth, and happiness, and print advertisements often feature images of convivial families and friends gathered in their well-appointed kitchen, surrounded by gleaming stainless-steel appliances.
The Aga and its kin are also clearly status markers. Commenting on stoves that looked like "nickel-plated nuclear reactors" and kitchens with vast "refrigeration complexes," David Brooks skewered the pretensions of high-end appliance owners in his book Bobos in Paradise. The bobo (bourgeois bohemian) kitchen is a "culinary playground providing its owners with a series of top-of-the-line peak experiences," Brooks wrote. And with this comes an undercurrent of the worst sort of reverse snobbery. "Spending on conspicuous displays is evil," Brooks notes, "but it's egalitarian to spend money on parts of the house that would previously have been used by the servants."
Such high-end appliances promise to help us overcome our weaknesses. Whether our failing is sloth, inhibition, ineptitude, or simply lack of discipline, the technologies will make it easier to master our domestic vices and cultivate our domestic virtues. Don't have time to bake bread from scratch? The bread machine will do it for you. Too busy to make a meal from scratch? Buy the Advantium, General Electric's super-fast cooking oven, which costs around $1,500. On its website, GE promotes the Advantium as a "revolutionary breakthrough in cooking technology," although the foods it promises to cook quickly include prepackaged frozen meals such as pepperoni pizza and breaded seafood filets. As one press release notes: "Whether your schedule is slightly hectic, very busy, or out of control, there is a GE cooking product to fit your needs. The latest cooking products are so easy to use and give time-crunched consumers the ability to prepare and enjoy beautifully cooked foods fast, faster or fastest." In other words: the right stove will help people get control of their lives.
Perhaps this is why high-end appliance manufacturers use epic language to describe their wares: to fortify our belief in the technology's ability to conquer life's crises and unleash life's pleasures. We live in an age when appliances have histories and legends, and when we are expected to value the domestic technologies we purchase for more than their practical merit. Buying a particular stove like the Aga is buying into a particular "lifestyle," complete with magazines and social networks. As a result, domestic tasks such as cooking and cleaning are not merely the drudgery of daily life, they are also extensions of the self.
Of course, buying these high-end products is beyond the economic reach of most middle-class consumers. But the ethos they embody — domestic technology as lifestyle — is not. This is why many lower-end brands eventually mimic the appeal of their more expensive counterparts. Even at Target and Wal-Mart, one is made to believe that buying the right machine can transform our domestic labors into domestic pleasures, and that we can enjoy the refined tastes of the wealthy at prices normal people can afford. Manufacturers of affordable appliances used to emphasize the reliability and practicality of their wares; today they are more likely to mimic the language of high-end appliances, with references to the professional-quality features and tasteful aesthetic of even the lowliest blender.
Interestingly enough, the most expensive, sophisticated appliances are often the least reliable. According to Consumer Reports, "Pro-style models [of ovens and range-tops] such as the Viking...were among the lowest scorers, despite their high-heat burners." One Viking stove selling for $4,000 was deemed to have a "smallish oven and [was] among the least effective at self-cleaning." As for reliability, Consumer Reports survey data "show that Viking and Thermador gas ranges...have been repair-prone," and that "more firepower doesn't necessarily mean better cooking." Same story for refrigerators: Consumer Reports gave the Sub-Zero 650/G model (which retails for around $6,000) a rating of "fair" for ease of use, noting that it "lacks some features you'll find on lower-priced models." And like Viking, the brand has a poor record of reliability: "Sub-Zero has been the most repair-prone brand of top- and bottom-freezer refrigerators," and Sub-Zero company's overall repair history is 28 percent, compared to 7 percent for refrigerators manufactured by Whirlpool, which sell for $800 to 1,000. The conclusion: "Price, styling, or the word 'professional' are no guarantee of excellent performance or durability." The image of domestic perfection is sometimes far from the reality.
The Empty Kitchen
So what benefits do these appliances bring? Do more advanced domestic technologies save us time, make us happier, expand life's pleasures, or liberate us from life's drudgeries?
In a 2004 article in the British Journal of Sociology, researchers Michael Bittman, James Rice, and Judy Wajcman argue that most domestic appliances "do not save women any time" — and women, alas, are still the ones who perform the bulk of household duties. The authors speculate that one reason for this failure is that the quantity and quality of what is produced in the home has increased — that is, families are enjoying "better meals, cleaner clothes, or more attractive gardens." Our domestic technologies might make us more efficient, but they also impose higher standards of domestic performance.
In some ways, this is obviously correct. Even the hardest working homemaker and her fleet of servants in ages past could never match the cleanliness made possible by certain modern machines. In the war against dirt and germs, times are clearly better. But the modern kitchen, for all its progress, tells a far more ambiguous story, one that is deeply revealing about the relationship between domestic technology and domestic happiness.
"It must be remembered," wrote Isabella Beeton in 1869, that the kitchen "is the great laboratory of every household, and that much of the 'weal or woe,' as far as regards bodily health, depends upon the nature of the preparations concocted within its walls." Today, the laboratory is filled with the finest equipment, but there is often no one to use it. Despite purchasing more and better appliances, home-cooking and family dinners are both racing toward extinction. American Demographics reports that between 1985 and 1995, "the number of hours women spent cooking per week dropped 23 percent, and the number of hours men cooked dropped by 21 percent." By 1997, the U.S. Energy Information Administration reported that more than one in five households used their (non-microwave) oven "less than once weekly" and only 42 percent "make a hot meal once a day."
According to the U.S. Department of Labor's Consumer Expenditures survey, the average family spent $3,129 on food at home and $2,211 on food away from home in 2003. Wealthier families (those with incomes of $70,000 or above) spend even more on food away from home — nearly half (49.2 percent) of their household food budgets. Another American Demographics article noted the trend toward purchasing "home-meal replacement options," such as the prepared foods one can buy at the supermarket. "Americans increasingly prefer meals they can make quickly and eat on the run," the article noted. "Almost half of weekday meals today (44 percent) are prepared in less than 30 minutes."
Eating together is now so unusual that the Nickelodeon television network teamed up with the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) and declared the fourth Monday in September to be "Family Day — A Day to Eat Dinner With Your Children." Families pledge to eat together and turn off their television sets in the hope of sparking spontaneous dinner conversation (the irony of a television network urging families to turn off their TVs and have dinner together was evidently lost on organizers of the event).
Changing family structure has something to do with this transformation of domestic life. Most women now work outside the home, and working parents with children find they have little time to prepare regular meals. Instead, we eat on the run, with one-fifth of all meals now consumed in a car. Commercial food purveyors are responding to the demand for car-friendly convenience by creating handheld products, such as scrambled eggs and macaroni and cheese that come in push-up tubes. Supermarkets have set up triage-like "meal solution centers" that offer precooked meals "just like Mom used to make." Meals have become modern problems in need of solutions. As historian and designer Vicki Matranga aptly put it, "Americans now want convenience. The kitchen is a showplace where you heat up your food in the microwave." The perfect kitchen is also the empty kitchen.
Insuring Domestic Tranquility
In an earlier era, domestic doyennes like Catharine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, authors of The American Woman's Home (1869), encouraged women to view housework as both science and art, and emphasized women's moral responsibility for keeping a clean and well-functioning home. They were willing to criticize American women — sometimes harshly — for failing in their domestic duties: "The American table, taken as a whole, is inferior to that of England or France," they wrote. "The management of food is nowhere in the world, perhaps, more slovenly and wasteful."
If there is a modern heiress to Beecher and Stowe, it is Cheryl Mendelson. "Although a large, enthusiastic minority of home cooks grow more and more sophisticated," she writes, "the majority become ever more de-skilled." This is echoed by the kitchen-design website, Homeportfolios.com, which reports that "despite a deluge of cooking programs, celebrity chefs, and state-of-the-art appliances, on average, we're preparing fewer meals than generations past." But instead of lamenting this fact, it stays upbeat. "No matter," reassures the site. "The kitchen still draws us in with its irresistible charm." This is like saying the bedroom is a comfortable place for insomniacs.
The result is a great disconnect between our domestic fantasies and our domestic reality, between the high-tech façade with its image of home and hearth and the kind of lives we actually live. We have fancier kitchens but fewer family dinners. We have gourmet cooking machines that sit largely unused and oversized freezers filled with microwave dinners. We have high hopes but limited energy for performing domestic labor, and we tend to devalue unpaid labor in the home despite its positive effects on family life. We purchase increasingly specialized, professional-quality domestic appliances at a time when our desire to use them regularly is waning.
Wealthy Americans in particular buy Viking stoves hoping that the right machine will make them want to cook, failing to recognize (or admit) that it is not the technology they lack but the will. By spending so much money on machines, they seek to buy domestic happiness on the cheap. And the makers of these machines ingeniously appeal to this longing, evoking both nostalgia for a lost era of domesticity and the dream of automating all our domestic labors.
Of course, neither cultural nostalgia nor technological progress can restore the domestic tranquility we feel we have lost. What is necessary is a sober defense of the worth of domestic life, including those labors — chopping vegetables, sweeping a floor, setting a table — that are hardly glorious in themselves but essential parts of the domestic satisfactions we still seem to want. "As people turn more and more to outside institutions to have their needs met (for food, comfort, clean laundry, relaxation, entertainment, society, rest)," writes Mendelson, "domestic skills and expectations further diminish, in turn decreasing the chance that people's homes can satisfy their needs. The result is far too many people who long for home even though they seem to have one."
Unlike some feminist critics of domesticity, who argue for the lowering of domestic standards — Cowan wants to overthrow the "senseless tyranny of spotless shirts and immaculate floors," for example — Mendelson and others seek to elevate the domestic sphere in a culture that too often denigrates or neglects it. They hope to appeal to the deeply-felt yearning most people have for a comfortable and well-functioning home life. And perhaps, in a strange sense, they want to make us worthy of our fancy machines, which means recognizing the permanent limits of domestic technology to produce domestic happiness. Not a brilliant way to sell the newest appliances, but a recipe for learning again how — and why — to use the ones we already have.
Christine Rosen is a senior editor of The New Atlantis and resident fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center. Her new book My Fundamentalist Education: A Memoir of a Divine Girlhood was just published by PublicAffairs Books.
Christine Rosen, "Are We Worthy of Our Kitchens?," The New Atlantis, Number 11, Winter 2006, pp. 75-86.


- Modified 11th March 2019: See Clarification in Rule 2a.
The contest shall be known as "The USGB Ukulele Band of the Year" ("The Contest").
For the purposes of these rules, the term "ukulele" includes the term "ukulele banjo".
The contest is open to all amateur local ukulele bands based in the U.K. For clarification, bands may contain an individual who is not an amateur as long as no particular emphasis is placed on that individual in the band's video (other than for the purposes of leading the band where appropriate).
Bands must comprise a minimum of four persons playing ukuleles (soprano, concert, tenor, baritone, bass or ukulele banjo).
Bands may contain additional persons not playing ukuleles provided that the number of such persons does not exceed 50% of the number of ukulele players.
Bands which include members of the committee of the Society may participate in the contest provided always that in the event of any dispute resolution under clause 5a of these rules, such person may not be permitted to be involved in the dispute settlement.
All entries must be played live without the use of any electronic devices other than amplifiers. (The use of effects such as reverb, delay, etc., is permitted).
Bands may not use loopers, electronic drum machines, pre-recorded tracks or any similar types of electronic aids.
Bands may not use any multi-tracking techniques.
Videos entered for the contest must be recorded in one take. It is not permitted to edit recordings of several takes into a single video.
Bands wishing to enter the contest must send their application to the Society no later than midnight on the last day of July.
Bands who have entered the contest must send the Society a YouTube link for their entry no later than midnight on the last day of September.
YouTube links must be sent by email to clearly stating the name of the band as indicated in the original application to enter the contest.
Bands who have entered the contest (as in clause 3a) but fail to register a YouTube link to their entry by the closing date (as in clause 3b) shall be disqualified from the contest.
It is the responsibility of the contestant bands to ensure that they have the requisite knowledge and ability to create their own YouTube link to their video entry.
There will be three judges appointed by the committee.
Shortlisting. Each judge will view all the submitted videos and make his/her shortlist of 6 videos to go forward for final judging. The lists of selected videos will then be merged and duplicates removed to make the final shortlist.
Final. Each judge will view the videos in the final shortlist and award up to ten points to each video in each of the categories of "Musical Choices", "Technical Ability" and "Presentation". The points allocated to each video by each judge will then be amalgamated to reach a total number of points for each video.
The band that produced the video with the highest number of points will be declared the winner and the bands that produced the videos with the next two highest number of points will be declared runners up.
Any attempt by any person to influence the judges in favour of, or against, any contestant band will result in the disqualification of the band associated with that person.
In the event of any dispute related to the contest, the committee of the Society shall be the sole arbiter and decisions of the committee shall be final.
The Society shall not in any way be responsible for any costs or other obligations incurred by any band, person or other body involved in this contest, whether such costs are incurred in preparation of an entry to the contest, or by error or ommission by any party, or by any other means.


Place all ingredients into a high-speed blender or food processor and blend until smooth and creamy.
Top with fresh berries and serve.
Enjoy immediately or store in freezer for up to 1 month.
Note: Enjoy dessert without the guilt. This tasty ice cream is low in sugar and calories and delivers all the flavor and sweetness that are essential in desserts.


Week 286 — Go Free Range.
Week 286 was pretty short for us, with James away from Tuesday to Friday and me away on Friday.
I spent quite a while trying to understand the Credit Union Expansion Project and how that might relate to what we're trying to do. As far as I can tell, there might well be some crossover between the expansion project and our own plans in that they're hoping to offer online banking to existing credit unions. Unfortunately, there appears to be very little information about how the project is going: It's all gone pretty quiet since it was announced that ABCUL had won the bid in April 2013.
We're now wondering whether it's worth speaking to ABCUL to see if they're able to give us any information and to see if we might be able to get involved with the expansion project at all.
Wednesday evening saw us host our third Show and Tell event (previously in weeks 274 and 282). Six of us gathered around the projector, four of us talked about something we'd worked on and everyone contributed to the discussion.
I spoke about something I cobbled together to visualise my Barclays Cycle Hire use on a Google Map. It's gimmicky more than useful but it was a pretty fun little exercise to see how much I could get done with Google Drive and limited programming.
Murray spoke about his work to convert lrug.org to a static site. Murray's currently investigating Middleman and appears to have made good progress in getting quite a few of the pages converted. There was some interesting discussion afterward about alternative approaches, and how Murray might get other people involved to help him with the work.
In a little downtime between talking, Murray mentioned that Google appear to have created a PDF containing all his Google Reader shared items, made it publicly available in Google Drive and linked to it from his Google+ profile. They've also named it Buzz (rather than Reader), presumably because they folded all Google Reader content in to Buzz before destroying that? Murray's not sure whether this is something he asked for but was kinda happy that he found it.
Ryan spoke about Meat Club, a project he started as an antidote to spending all day in front of a computer. Ryan explained how he's using GitHub to maintain his recipes and how he hopes to publish them, either as a beautifully illustrated book or possibly as some kind of interactive mobile app that'll help guide you through the cooking process.
Chris Lowis brought us up to speed with a blog post he's been working on for a while. It appears to be pretty much ready to publish but it was interesting to hear about some of the challenges he's faced: at least one extreme browser bug that nearly made him go deaf and his attempts at reducing the duplication in the displayed versus executed code.
We inevitably ran on longer than planned but I don't think anyone minded too much. We finished up by talking about how we might increase the number of people involved while still retaining the ability for everyone to be involved. We're not sure what we'll try yet but we'll continue to experiment with the format to see how it goes.
Before James left on Monday, we spent around an hour trying to get our company Trello board into a bit of a better shape. We were using the Card Aging Power-Up but that had resulted in a shedload of unreadble cards that we then ignored. We've now disabled that and have added a Harmonia task to prompt us to ensure we keep on top of it at least once a week.
And with that I'll bid y'all goodbye.


Do you cringe when someone asks, "What goals have you set for your business?" Setting goals can be challenging; but they are a necessary evil for all successful businesses. When goals are clearly written and communicated, commitment between all of your business partners will be aligned and focused. These goals will also benefit anyone that works with or for you, (including virtual business assistants).
If you do not have specific goals set for your business, do not despair!
More than 80 percent of the 300 small business owners polled, in the 4th Annual Staples National Small Business Survey, said that they don't keep track of their business goals!
Those statistics are understandable; as it does require devoting a great deal of time to the task and, as a small business owner, time is usually in short supply. However, having solid goals can be the key to sustaining and growing your business!
Many small businesses have found that, although they may not be able to hire a full-time, on-site employee; they can contract with a virtual business assistant for help with goal setting!
You may be thinking, "How can a virtual assistant help me with my goal setting?" Although a virtual assistant may not be able to develop your actual business goals, they can free up the time you need to focus on setting those realistic, solid, all-important business goals.
Okay, you have contracted someone to free up your time… NOW WHAT?
What is S.M.A.R.T. Goal Setting?
George T. Doran presented SMART goals in the November 1981 issue of Management Review. The paper, titled "There's a S.M.A.R.T. Way to Write Management's Goals and Objectives," discussed the difficulty and importance of setting objectives. The SMART model has been widely used, since 1981, to make the process both manageable and successful for both small and large businesses.
Always remember that goals guide and direct your behavior, provide clarity, reflect what's important to grow the business, help improve performance and gives motivation to succeed.
SPECIFIC – A specific goal has a better chance of being accomplished than a 'general goal.
Measurable – Keeping track of your progress gives you incentive to keep going.
Attainable – Make your goals realistic and attainable. You want to set goals that are a "stretch", but make sure they are attainable.
Relevant – When you set goals that you know are important to grow your business, you begin to figure out ways to make them come to fruition.
Time-Bound – A goal that is time-bound prevents other day-to-day tasks from taking over. Set the timing so that you have a sense of urgency in accomplishing the goal.
Always remember that goals guide and direct your behavior, provide clarity, reflect what's important to grow your business, help improve performance and gives you motivation to succeed.
Don't forget – If you need to eliminate some tasks, in order to free up the time to work on your goals; collaborate with us. We are here to help!


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Well folks it's almost that time again.
If you didn't know (and if you know me then how could you not?) I was selected for a special meetup at a Space Shuttle launch for Twitter followers of NASA (https://twitter.com/NASA and https://twitter.com/NASATweetup). Originally scheduled for October 31 and November 1, 2010, due to technical difficulties we did not see a launch. However we got to see some things that most "normals" don't get to see - behind-the-scenes access to many of the facilities at Kennedy Space Center, including the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB).
Well now that all of the technical difficulties have been resolved it's time to do it again! We get to watch the launch from the NASA Press Site next to the famous launch clock at Launch Complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch_Complex_39_Press_Site).
I'll be leaving early next week and can't wait to see all Tweetup family again! Check my Twitter and Flickr streams for all the latest updates. I'll be also streaming live when I can on my Ustream and Justin.tv pages (http://www.ustream.tv/user/djflux and http://www.justin.tv/djflux).


Search for BLANCHARD, LUCIUS in Prescriber Checkup, our database of prescribing patterns within Medicare's drug program.
See all payments to Nevada health care practitioners.
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Jessie Contour is a designer, animator, maker, and educator. She makes projects that question the nature of complex systems and what it means to be alive. Her process includes research, storytelling, rapid prototyping, collaboration and iteration. She has worked with AAA video game studios, museums, educational programs, and startups. Within these fields her focus has been on creating interactive experiences for art, play, and education. She has built digital tools for community engagement , designed the newest permanent exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History to teach children about earthquakes, and launched video games as part of a global team. She also enjoys creating public art and has worked on two projects with the NYC Department of Transportation to beautify public spaces.
Jessie has been teaching classes in animation and game design since 2013, her teaching philosophy is based in the idea of teaching technical building blocks as a way to empower students to more completely question the contexts within which they are creating. She is currently an adjunct faculty at Parsons School of Design and Hunter College in NYC where she teaches 3D animation, worldbuilding, storytelling, and game design. She also works as a facilitator with Decoded, a global technology education company, and as the NYC Director of BlueStamp Engineering, a summer engineering program for high schoolers.
In her spare time Jessie trains in powerlifting, and is competing in USAPL Nationals in October 2018. She also is a dungeon master for a few D&D campaigns with friends and recently started working with a local afterschool program to teach middle schoolers how to play.
Parsons x Red Bull Design Jam, 2014: Winning team of semester-long competition.


Kids with Tourette's syndrome or other tic disorders enjoy a summer camp experience in a safe and supportive environment at MichTic Camp.
Don't feel bad for waiting until the last minute! Several local summer camps for kids are happy to accommodate drop-in campers for summer 2018.


Discussion in 'Freshwater Beginners' started by kayla.s, Apr 11, 2018.
Be sure to feed your corys after lights out. That way the other fish won't get to it first. You say sinking pellets, are they shrimp pellets or just some kind of fish food? Corys thrive on shrimp pellets since they are meat eaters and not veggie eaters.
I've had the same concern about my cories getting enough to eat. We feed them shrimp pellets but my platy and guppies go straight for the cories' food. Even tried feeding an hour after lights out, the livebearers woke up and went straight after the shrimp pellets.
The only thing that has been working is crumbling the shrimp pellets and sprinkling them in at the same time as the livebearers get their flakes and pellets. The piglets still come down looking for the cory food, but I feel like the cories don't look starved. Another thing I do for insurance, is twice a week I feed freeze dried bloodworms and brine shrimp and the crumbled shrimp pellets. I soak the brine shrimp and bloodworms in garlic guard for 10 mins. It's the only time the livebearers are completely distracted as the bloodworms tend to float and they apparently like those even more than the shrimp pellets.
yep, pics are always welcome and often necessary.


Living your Ultimate Champagne Life is about enriching your relationships with yourself and others … you can fly higher by simply elevating your daily experience.
This week, at the delightful and heart warming musical Mary Poppins … I was reminded of the importance of flying high versus flying low.
As nanny for the Banks family, Mary Poppins was faced with Mr Banks (George), who treats his wife, children and servants as assets rather than people … creating a dysfunctional family, by running their household like a British bank.
Mrs Banks was starving for his attention and all their children wanted, was for their father to love them. They make George's attitude of indifference mean that he doesn't like them, so they try desperately to live up to his demands. It leaves them all flying low with a shaky self esteem.
So what exactly is flying low with a shaky self esteem?
A great analogy is Virginia Satir's self esteem pot. In her book 'Peoplemaking' she used a very powerful metaphor of the pot, when referring to self worth or self esteem. How we feel about ourselves is the pot we carry around. If we are feeling empty (low pot), we may be feeling tired, unlovable, not worthy or that we don't matter. Experiencing 'little worth'… shows up as expecting to be stepped on, put down by others and because we are inviting the worst, it's usually what we get.
With many disappointments, fear and mistrust can rear their ugly heads and it becomes easy to separate ourselves from others and put up barriers. At times that we fail or are faced with non achievement, we may suffer from lack of recognition, or at best receive negative feedback. We can make it mean that we are a failure and suffer from a crack in the bottom of our pot.
Our esteem is a measure of our performance … so what can we do in low pot or cracked pot to help build our self esteem and start flying high again?
Feeling full (high pot) means we are feeling good about ourselves.
High pot is being on top of things, feeling loved, being accepted and knowing that we matter. It's a state of feeling valued, loved, being recognised and receiving positive feedback from others. For us as individuals it means being in good health, growing by learning new things, achieving and being successful at what is important to us. In summary … feeling good about ourselves!
1. Acknowledge successes – while growing up in our family we may have decided that we weren't good enough or worthy enough and we doubt our own value … even when we do experience success! Be sure to accept, own and acknowledge our successes! You are amazing!
2. Forgive any past failures – acknowledge past failures by letting go of any drama, listing the facts and owning that it was a mistake … simply a 'learning opportunity'. Clean out any murky mud at the bottom of the pot and repair any cracks. Know that you are worth it and be responsible for filling yourself up, taking inspired action and flying high once again!
3. Appreciate and value differences – every peron's esteem is different. Appreciate and learn from others. Ensure you are acknowledging others with positive feedback so they feel accepted and valued. The bottom line is ensuring that you are a positive influence on the people around you. By appreciating your own worth and you will respect the worth of others.
4. Find your flow, have fun and fly high – if in doubt … let it out. A simple declaration that you are flying low can get you back on track to flying high again. Get in touch with all your successes from the past and come from that place. As Mary Poppins so wisely said, "In every job that must be done … there is an element of fun." Keep your spirits high and ENJOY your daily experience of others.
And remember the magic word that was uttered as the whole Banks family were reunited in Mary Poppins … Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious!


text:
Maastricht-Aachen (Beek)
ICAO Code: EHBK/MST Info Last Validated:
City: Maastricht Position: 50°54'42"N 005°46'13"E
Runway(s): 04/22 Elevation: 375 ft
Situated in the southern part of The Netherlands, Maastricht-Aachen Airport (or Beek as it is called locally), is a nice airport with a variety of traffic including quite a lot of cargo flights. Among the latter are scheduled services by Cargolux, Royal Jordanian and Turkish Airlines. Additionally, the GPA paint shop and the Schreiner maintenance hangar are always good for some exotic birds. The airfield also houses a good amount of GA aircraft and visitors for Maas and Samco.
The airfield has a north-south runway. The terminal and cargo are on the west side. Maintenance and flying schools are on the east side.
Highway A2 runs directly along the western perimeter giving easy access by car. There is a regular bus service to and from the train stations in Maastricht and Sittard, and an Interliner (fast bus) service via Maastricht to Aachen.
Along the terminal road
For this spot, start from the exit of the A2. Drive parallel to the highway to the cargo area. From this area, the planes can be photographed with best light in the early morning or late afternoon/evening. At Cargo, you can climb up red emergency stairs next to the customs building to photograph cargo aircraft over the fence.
Terminal terrace
Drive further to the terminal and park your car at the Mercury Hotel. Now it is possible to enter the terrace. From the terrace, you can take pictures of good quality. A Boeing 737 needs about 70 mm. Light at the terrace is at its best after four o'clock, when the sun is in your back. However, small steps are needed to get over the fence.
Next to the apron
Another possibility is a small road that leads into a field, and ends at an emergency exit of the airport. Drive well past the terminal (in the direction of the small town of Ulestraten) and take a -very small- entrance to the left. Cars are not allowed to stop here anymore and violators will be fined rather quickly.
North side approach
If runway 21 is in use, you can park your car at the side of the road when you come off highway A2. Best lens here is 75-300 mm. Another possibility is to enter the Australielaan, a side road to a business area, and park there.
South side - threshold runway 03
When runway 03 is in use, continue past spot 3 after leaving the terminal and take the first major road to the left (immediately after the dome of the Terminal Approach Radar). You are now driving around the threshold of runway 03. There is a spot right at the fence. Bring your steps and you will be able to take perfect pictures. An Airbus A300 needs about 70 mm, a Boeing 707 about 100 mm. Every aircraft from the size of a Boeing 737 will use this point. The light here is perfect from sunrise in the morning until two o'clock in the afternoon.
One of the Embraer 145 jets of KLM exel, a subsidiary that does not exist anymore. (Arjen Sleeuwenhoek)
A picture taken from the business park. (Koen Leuvering)
Tower (Regional Guard)
Approach (alt)
Stella Aviation Academy
plus light singles
Spotting Group Maastricht
The local Maastricht spotters
mst-aviation.nl
Site with a lot of local information
Royal Netherlands Air Force/Navy Order of Battle
Netherlands Database
Budel (Kempen Airport)
Deelen
Den Helder - De Kooy
Groningen - Eelde
Rotterdam-The Hague
Seppe
Soesterberg - CLOSED
Valkenburg - CLOSED

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Get contents of rows (using df [ ] not working) What I've been trying, but it returns ["NOTES1", "NOTES2", "NOTES3"] instead of the contents of the dataframe columns:
df_word_list = []
df_notes = df[["NOTES1" , "NOTES2", "NOTES3"]]
one_list = list(flatten(df_notes.values.tolist()))

for word in df_notes:
 df_word_list.append(word)
print(df_word_list)

Does this mean the dataframe isn't being read in correctly? Thanks

A: It looks like you are trying two different ways of getting words into the words of a dataframe into a single list?
import pandas as pd

data = [{"NOTES1": "annual report",
 "NOTES2": "all of these",
 "NOTES3": "we urge and"},
{"NOTES1": "business 10-k",
 "NOTES2": "state are",
 "NOTES3": "we urge you to"},
{"NOTES1": "business annual ",
 "NOTES2": "all of these",
 "NOTES3": "we various"}]
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# should probably call this word_list
df_word_list = []

# I'm assuming your data looks like above
df_notes = df[["NOTES1" , "NOTES2", "NOTES3"]]

where are you getting flatten from?
# one_list = list(flatten(df_notes.values.tolist()))

1) I think you are trying to flatten a list?  Can do this using a list comprehension:
flat_list1 = [item for sublist in df_notes.values.tolist() for item in sublist]

print(flat_list1)
# ['annual report', 'all of these', 'we urge and', 'business 10-k', 'state are', 'we urge you to', 'business annual ', 'all of these', 'we various']

Or using two for loops:
flat_list2 = []
for sublist in df_notes.values.tolist():
    print(sublist)
    for item in sublist:
        print(item)
        flat_list2.append(item)

print(flat_list2)
# ['annual report', 'all of these', 'we urge and', 'business 10-k', 'state are', 'we urge you to', 'business annual ', 'all of these', 'we various']

2) I think you are trying to iterate through each row? Another way you could do it using itterows:
word_list = []
for row_num, row_series in df_notes.iterrows():
    print("Row Number:\t", row_num)
    row_list = row_series.tolist()
    print("Row Data:\t",row_list)
    word_list = row_list + word_list

print(word_list)
# ['annual report', 'all of these', 'we urge and', 'business 10-k', 'state are', 'we urge you to', 'business annual ', 'all of these', 'we various']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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On October 19, Lake City Xcel had their first team bonding event of the year. We had the best turn out of any bonding event yet! The gymnasts met and made friends with girls in each level, many of whom practice on different days. We played fun gym games and ate delicious tacos!
This month SGA Lake City has decided to feature their Diamond and Platinum teams. All of the girls have seen their months of drilling and hard work pay off. On our Diamond team, Juna Marhotok put her giants on full bar sets, something she has been working up to for over a year. Nathalie Shoji, Liz Umbach, and Klara Tarczy-Hornoch are doing giants on their own on the pit bar. Allison McGinnis took her vault, a Tsuk, on to the competitive landing surface, something she has been working on for several years. Summer Krammer is hard at work perfecting her Tsuk and Margo Morris has been perfecting her full on the floor. Gigi Gerst has been sticking her vaults after making great corrections on her twist.
On our Platinum team, Mari Torii-Karch is making great strides on getting her flyaway, a skill she used to find terrifying, but now knows is really fun! Mikayla Kirchoff and Keira Villescas have made great progress on their roundoff back handspring back tucks. Mariah Pritchard put har roundoff backhand spring on the floor for the first time and Katie Chaleunphonh made her front tuck-front tuck on floor. Evelyn Groves, Ciara McGinnis, Jemma Bosselman and Camille Pape have made a lot of progress on their vaults!


Worldwide, the proportion of people age 60 and over is growing faster than any other age group. Between 1970 and 2025, a growth in older populations of some 870 million or 380% is expected. This would lead to a total population of about 1.2 billion people over the age of 60 in the year 2025.
As the population ages, the demand rises for medications that are used to delay and treat chronic diseases, alleviate pain and improve quality of life. This increased use of a number of medications raises the risk that medicine-related problems will occur. A 1991 study concluded that adverse medicine-related illnesses in the elderly are significant causes of personal suffering and costly preventable hospital admissions.
expenditure ranges between 25% and 65% of total public and private health expenditure.
With the proper use of these medicines individuals can experience increased longevity and quality of life and in many cases illnesses can be treated or delayed without the need of more invasive procedures such as surgery. However due to the high consumption of medicines and self-treatment by all, especially the ageing population, the topic of proper medication use and safety is being brought to the forefront of public health discussions.
In general, medicines are registered by government bodies to certify that they contain the active ingredients to ensure safety and hold a minimum standard of good quality. Serious concern about patient safety exists when the source and content of medicines are unknown and when medicines are distributed and sold without proper regulation (i.e. medications sold in outdoor markets). The public health risk associated to the use of medicines of poor quality, or which contain little or none of the active ingredient/medicine or other ingredients, is high.
Apart from the safety of the medicinal product itself, adverse events or 'medication errors' that may lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm can be related to many causes such as professional practice, procedures, and systems including prescribing; order communication; product labelling; packaging; compounding; dispensing; distribution; administration; education; monitoring; and use. Patient Safety is at risk when patients do not take medicines appropriately. Unclear instructions and unclear labelling of the medication, non-adherence when using medications for chronic conditions, as well as, taking non-prescription medicines or herbal products without the advice of a health professional may lead to serious adverse events. It is estimated that in the range of 50% of patients in developed countries, and less in developing countries continue to take chronic medications on a long-term basis. Patients taking various medications simultaneously can benefit from medication reviews held by health professionals to ensure that the prescribed and non-prescribed medicines offer the most optimal therapy for the individual.
Pharmacists, physicians and nurses are involved in patient medication use through dispensing, prescribing and administering medications. As health professionals they provide appropriate care and medicines, and act as sources of information and advice to patients.
To avoid complications, medicine use, contraindications, and potential adverse effects need to be discussed between patients and health professionals. This allows both the patient and health professionals to monitor the medical condition and to take appropriate actions if a medication error occurs. An open dialogue and regular communication between patients and health professionals is a positive means towards improving patient safety in medication use.


surprisingly affordable, these rugs bring sophisticated living to an all-new level.
The Bliss 7' X 5' Indigo/Ivory Heather Area Rug by Kas at Baer's Furniture in the Ft. Lauderdale, Ft. Myers, Orlando, Naples, Miami, Florida area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.


text:
package constants

const (
	AuthServerURL = "services.authServer.url"
)

const (
	PolicyName = "app.policyName"
)

const (
	SwaggerBasePath = "swagger.basePath"
	SwaggerScheme   = "swagger.scheme"
)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Our Firm Our Practice Areas Our Record of Success Resources We Have Answers Contact Us
print | e-mail
Unfortunately, in today's world, divorce is no longer a rarity. If you are planning to marry, it is wise to ensure that you are protected in the event of a separation or divorce. If you are thinking about a prenuptial agreement or are being asked to sign a prenuptial agreement, contact Jill Miller and Associates, P.C. to represent you in any prenuptial negotiations. We will help you protect your future.
Free Consultations We Make Home/Hospital Visits Weekend/Evening Appointments See Our TV Commercials
Disclaimer | Privacy Policy | Site Map | Site By DFA, Inc. | Jill Miller and Associates, P.C., 220 Penn Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18503
Download Microsoft� Tag by visiting Microsoft� or iTunes and keep Jill Miller and Associates, P.C. on your Smartphone with our iContact App


US Chemical Weapons' Stockpiles: Will They Ever Be Destroyed Amid HUGE Funding?
After signing the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) the US failed to destroy them by the 2012 deadline, with next deadline set for 2023. Russia who possessed the biggest stockpile among CWC signees (the US was the second biggest) completed the disposal process in 2017.
The long dormant issue of chemical weapons was first "awakened" by the Syrian conflict, where these armaments were allegedly used. But the most recent chemical weapons scandal took place in the UK, where Russian ex-spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter were supposedly poisoned by the nerve agent A-234.
Britain and other western countries have accused Moscow of the so-called "attack" on Skripal, although official investigations have yet to be concluded on the matter and Russia having completed the process of eliminating of chemical weapons in accordance with CWC. At the same time, not all signees to the convention did so on time, despite having the vast resources to do so, such as the US, who still needs to destroy the last 10% of its arsenal. Sputnik has gathered curious facts on the American chemical weapons disposal program.
At the time the US signed the CWC it possessed the second largest chemical weapons arsenal in the world after Russia, containing such horrific examples as VX, sarin and mustard gas — remnants of the Cold War standoff. After the final ratification of the accord in 1997 the weapons' destruction process began and the deadline for both countries was set for 2012. Both failed to do so in time and received extensions, Russia up to 2020, the US up to 2023. By 2010 the US had managed to destroy 75% of its stockpiles (48% for Russia).
It is worth noting though that in 1997 Russia's economy was still recovering after the transition from the USSR and external shocks that hit it in the process. What is more curious is that the pace of elimination changed — the remaining 52% were eliminated by Russia over the next seven years, three years ahead of schedule. According to the OPCW information, during the same period the US only destroyed 15% of its stockpiles, so it's unclear whether it will do so by 2023.
Nearly 3,100 tons of chemical weapons are still to be destroyed by the US using plants in the Blue Grass Army Depot in Kentucky and the Pueblo Chemical Depot in Colorado. The Pueblo depot alone needs to eliminate 780,000 mustard gas shells. The process is neither easy nor cheap — since shells have explosive components in them a special blast-proof bunker must be built in order to dispose of such weaponry. Besides green protests in Colorado and Kentucky forced local and federal authorities to find a safer disposal method than a regular incinerator.
Another factor that may have halted the process is lack of proper funding. Over the first 10 years the US spent $20 billion and estimated it would spend $40 billion more. The annual funding, allocated by Congress is limited to $2 billion and that is obviously not enough. At the same time it's worth noting that Russia required only $10 billion ($2 billion was by the international community) to eliminate its stockpiles, which were bigger than that of the US (although most of them were not armed shells).


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Bieber dazzles Orioles again to help Tribe avoid sweep
Indians starter Shane Bieber has pitched 17 scoreless innings against Baltimore this season in two starts, including Sunday's 2-0 win over the Orioles at Camden Yards.
Updated Jun 30, 2019 at 8:10 PM
Lowly Baltimore Orioles crush the Indians — again
The Orioles, owners of the worst record in Major League Baseball over the last 1.5 years, blank the Indians by a 13-0 score for the second straight game on Saturday in Baltimore.
Indians, Clevinger rocked by Orioles
Off the injured list for the second time in 12 days, Clevinger allowed seven runs in the first two innings as the Indians were run over by the last-place Orioles, 13-0, Friday night at Camden Yards.
Indians' Carlos Santana will start in host All-Star Game
Carlos Santana becomes the first Indians first baseman to start an All-Star Game in 20 years — and becomes the fifth player in team history to start an All-Star Game in Cleveland
Indians' Santana says he will be in Home Run Derby
Carlos Santana tops all vote-getters at first base in All-Star fan voting entering Thursday — and has acceptd an invitation to participate in the Home Run Derby on July 8 in Cleveland
Updated Jun 27, 2019 at 1:03 AM
Indians bounce back with home win to stay hot in June
Less than 24 hours after the Royals rocked the Indians and closer Brad Hand for five runs in the ninth inning, things returned to normal on Wednesday afternoon in a 5-3 win at Progressive Field.
Lefty Grove Baseball
All-Stars shine in Lefty Grove Baseball League
The Lefty Grove Baseball League held its five Ike Liedorff All-Star games on Sunday across the four age divisions at the VFW Fields on Milan Ave.
Kansas City scores 5 times in the ninth to stun Indians
Brad Hand's streak of 22 straight saves went up in flames after the closer allowed five runs on five hits in a stunning 8-6 loss on Tuesday vs. the Royals in Cleveland
Kipnis delivers with 10th-inning homer in Tribe win
The Indians have won 14 of their last 19 games, as the Tribe's fifth walk-off win of the season sealed a 3-2 win in 10 innings early Tuesday morning after a two-plus hour rain delay
Lefty Grove
Lefty Grove wraps action up prior to All-Star games
Here are the latest results for the summer baseball league from games played June 11-22 in Norwalk
Indians stay hot in June, sweep Tigers
Another solid outing by Zach Plesac and a spark from the promoted Bobby Bradley helped the Indians (42-35) to an 8-3 win over Detroit on Sunday in Cleveland
Indians launch another secret pitching weapon in win
Aaron Civale pitched six shutout innings in his MLB debut in a spot start in place of Mike Clevinger as the Indians posted a 2-0 win over Detroit on Saturday in Cleveland.
Updated Jun 23, 2019 at 12:28 AM
Indians rally for fifth straight win over Tigers
Jason Kipnis hits an RBI triple in the eighth inning as Cleveland rallied from a 5-2 deficit for a 7-6 win over Detroit on Friday at Progressive Field
Rangers' Minor puts brakes on Tribe offense
Indians (39-35) continue to struggle against left-handed pitching with Thursday's 4-2 loss to the Rangers and ace Mike Minor
Big first inning lifts Tribe to another road win
The Indians scored five runs in the first inning of Wednesday's 10-4 win over the Rangers in Arlington. Cleveland (39-34) is 3.5 games behind of the first Wild Card position, a half-game from the No. 2 Wild Card — and 9 games behind Minnesota in the AL Central.


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Shelly Garrett's 'Beauty Shop' Could Be Coming To A City Near You
"Bea-uuu-ty Shop!" remember that radio ad? Beauty Shop the stage play created by director Shelly Garrett is celebrating 30 years of being in production. Kym Whitley goes way back with Garrett as she went on tour with the show for three years.
"I think we were there almost four years, 66 cities, and 851 performances," said Garrett proudly. The show is on tour again and Kym is joining in on the fun but she had to confess that she was still rehearsing her lines.
Garrett got serious and joked, "Don't start no mess up in here."
Over the 30 years of this plays production the show has seen the likes of many actors and actresses that have graced the stage with their talent.
"I like giving people a chance you know what I mean?," said Garrett. "But theatre is supposed to teach you one thing and that's discipline."
If you're in Dallas March 16 then head over to Fair Park Music Hall to check out Garrett's Beauty Shop! Click here for ticket information.
Shelly Garrett's 'Beauty Shop' Could Be Coming To A City Near You was originally published on blackamericaweb.com


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Wheelers Lane Technology College (formerly Wheelers Lane Boys' School) is a secondary school for boys located in the Kings Heath area of Birmingham, in the West Midlands of England.

It is a non-selective community school administered by Birmingham City Council. The school also has previously been awarded specialist status as a Technology College.

Wheelers Lane Technology College offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

Notable former pupils
James O'Connor, former football player
Ian Westwood, retired Cricket player, former captain of Warwickshire Cricket Club

References

External links
Wheelers Lane Technology College official website
UK Gov - Get Information about Schools

Boys' schools in the West Midlands (county)
Secondary schools in Birmingham, West Midlands
Community schools in Birmingham, West Midlands

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Antique waxed pine bed frame.
205/215 cm long, 105/151/163 wide, 107 cm high.
A traditional, imposing even, antique-waxed pine bed, complete with integrated head and tail boards in a two panel design, or one panel on the single version. This bed takes any standard mattress of the correct width, and fits in nicely with several of our bedroom ranges, namely the Corona, Cotswold and Hacienda. It is finished in antique waxed pine and has 12 cm by 2 cm side rails for strength and durability. The main legs are 6.5 cm square, also pine, plus there's an extra one in the centre (double and king size only), not visible in the photos. Easily assembled at home by (ideally) 2 people, you just need to add your own mattress of choice and away you go.
Allow about an hour for assembly. In addition to the cranked Allen Key that is included in the pack, you will need a starhead screwdriver and a mallet or similar to make sure the joints are tight while the glue (included) dries. No mallet? Just use an ordinary hammer and a scrap piece of wood.
Kensington storage bed, oak & black, double or king size.
4KIDS single bed, white and oak, large bottom drawer.


River Thames for the Abingdon Area, including areas between Abingdon down to and including Little Wittenham.
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames are now falling. Showers and light rain are forecast overnight and tomorrow. River levels are not currently expected to rise but current flooding of low lying roads and land will continue. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning (09/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames are now falling. Rain is forecast for today, with the possibility of some heavier showers. River levels are not currently expected to rise but current flooding of low lying roads and land will continue. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated this evening (08/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames are now falling slowly. It is forecast to be dry for the remainder of today (Saturday) with heavy showers possible from the early hours of Sunday morning. River levels are not currently expected to rise but current flooding of low lying roads and land will continue. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning (08/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames are now falling slowly. It is forecast to be mainly dry today (Saturday) with rain possible overnight. River levels are not currently expected to rise but current flooding of low lying roads and land will continue. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated this evening (07/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames remain very high, especially in the Culham area, but are now falling slowly. It is forecast to be mainly dry overnight, with the potential for heavy showers on Saturday morning. River levels are not currently expected to rise but current flooding of low lying roads and land will continue. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning (07/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames remain very high, especially in the Culham area, but have now stabilised. It is forecast to be dry today (Friday). River levels are not currently expected to rise but current flooding of low lying roads and land will continue. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated this evening (06/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames remain very high, especially in the Culham area, but have now stabilised. It is forecast to be dry overnight, and into Friday. River levels are not currently expected to rise but current flooding of low lying roads and land will continue. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning (06/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames remain very high, especially in the Culham area, but have now stabilised. Thursday is forecast to be dry. Flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue for several days. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated this evening (05/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames remain very high, especially in the Culham area, and are rising very slowly. Some light showers are possible overnight tonight, but during the day Thursday will be dry. Flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue for several days at least. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning (05/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames remain very high and are rising very slowly including in the Abingdon, Culham and Clifton Hampden areas but are expected to stop rising during today. Widespread showers are forecast today some of which will be heavy at times. Flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue for several days at least. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated this evening (04/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames are rising very slowly including the Abingdon, Culham and Clifton Hampden areas. Some showers are possible overnight tonight with widespread showers and some longer periods of rain forecast on Wednesday. Flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue and the river may rise slightly overnight but no property flooding is expected. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning (04/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames are rising very slowly again in the Abingdon, Culham and Clifton Hampden areas. Some light showers are possible this morning but Tuesday will be a mostly dry day. Flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue and the river may rise slightly further today but no property flooding is expected. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated this evening (03/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames are now stable in the Abingdon, Culham and Clifton Hampden areas. Some further showers are possible this evening and these may turn heavy in places overnight. Flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue and the river may rise further overnight but no property flooding is expected. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning (03/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames are continuing to rise slowly in the Abingdon, Culham and Clifton Hampden areas. Some light rain is expected this morning with further showers also possible this afternoon. These showers may turn heavy in places this evening and overnight. Flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue and the river may rise further today but no property flooding is expected. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated this afternoon (02/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames are continuting to rise in the Culham area. Persistent rain is expected overnight tonight, with further showers and light rain possible on Monday. Flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue and the river may rise further on Monday but no property flooding is expected. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning (02/04/2018).
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames is continuting to rise very slowly in the Culham area. Sunday is forecast to be a mostly dry day with further rainfall overnight into Monday. Flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue and the river may rise further on Monday but no property flooding is expected. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated this evening.
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames have been rising steadily throughout the day in response to recent rainfall. Any rainfall is now clearing to the east and it should be a largely dry night and into tomorrow morning (01/04/18). Therefore levels are expected to continue to rise tonight and flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue, especially in the Abingdon area. We are constantly monitoring river levels. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning if not before.
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames have been rising steadily throughout the night in response to yesterday's and last night's rainfall. Some further showers are expected across the area today (31/03/18). Therefore levels are expected to continue to rise today and flooding of low lying land and roads is expected today, especially in the Culham area. We are constantly monitoring river levels and operating the structures on the River Thames to manage river levels. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated by the end of today if not before.
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames remain high in response to recent rainfall. Overnight and tomorrow (25/01/18), it will be mainly dry with the possibility of scattered showers. Levels are expected to stay high, and flooding of low lying land and roads is expected to continue. We are constantly monitoring river levels. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated tomorrow morning, or earlier if the situation changes.
Property flooding is not currently expected. Levels on the River Thames have been rising slowly throughout the last two days in response to recent rainfall. A heavy band of rain is expected to move across the area this morning followed by showers through the rest of the day, but the next few days are expected to be much drier. Levels are expected to stay high today, with modest rises possible, and flooding of low lying land and roads is expected today (24/01/2018). We are constantly monitoring river levels. Remain safe and be aware of your local surroundings, flood waters may be deep and fast flowing. Please refer to river levels on the internet for current river levels. This message will be updated by the end of today.