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An open letter to Salman Butt
By Imran Ahmad Khan Published: November 2, 2011
When you were made the captain of the Pakistan cricket team, I was the happiest man in the world. How foolish of me. PHOTO: AFP
Dear Salman Butt,
I started following you from your days in the Under 17s. I still remember how I started loving Slazenger bats with yellow coloured grips, just because I saw you playing with one in an U-17 Asia Cup match back then. I still remember, randomly enough, that Habib Oil Mills sponsored that tournament.
I still remember your test debut against Bangladesh at Multan, where you made a quick fire 37 in the second innings. Salman, I still remember your ODI debut against West Indies, where you were out for a duck, caught in the slips. It was a decent delivery by Ian Bradshaw but you have carried that illness of fishing outside the off stump.
How can I forget your innings at the Eden Gardens? You battled cramps and immense pressure to guide Pakistan through. It was the month of Ramazan too. Good old times, Salman.
You toured Australia with the team next and boy, did you play well. I remember you making a statement against Glen McGrath in the second test at Melbourne, hitting out in his very first over. Of course it was after the debacle at Perth where we were bowled out for 72. What a promising start it was against the best team in the world, a fifty in your third test and a hundred in the fourth.
You were dropped after another test match though. I always opposed the move, not that it mattered. You were dropped in the West Indies too. Again, I felt you were hard done by. You deserved a proper run at the top.
You made a great comeback against England at home. What a patient 122 it was at Multan. The inconsistency settled in again though with Irfan Pathan making you his bunny on India's tour of Pakistan.
Salman, I was impressed with your ability to withstand pressure, proof of which you gave time and again with centuries against India in the Kitply Cup and in India back in early 2008. The test tour to Australia saw you shine like a true linchpin of this fragile batting line up. Too bad you ran Mo Yo out though.
I always believed in you. When they gave you the captaincy, I was the happiest man in Pakistan. I knew our team was in safe hands.
But I was obviously fooling myself.
Your eloquence after the win against Australia at Headingley was obviously just meant to fool us. After every test match, I used to go and see your average. I always wanted you to move up to the 40s. Maybe, Salman, if you had stayed away from Mazhar Majeed, that would have been possible. I saw, in you, the Gautam Gambhir of Pakistan. Why couldn't you just come out and deny all the allegations as soon as they came out in the open? Your first press conference after this scandal broke down, where you were flanked by Yawar Saeed, was a big indication of your guilt. Your body language reflected that of a person who was caught. You didn't deny it openly then. You cannot deny it now.
I am sure you will still call it all a big conspiracy but my belief in you has faded away. As a true cricket fan, I feel wronged. Cricket will never be the same for me.
Every time there is a dropped catch, a missed run out, a no ball, or a wide; I start questioning it from angles that I could not have imagined back in 2010; and it is all because of you.
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Imran Ahmad Khan
The author is a student of journalism at Columbia University. Before this, he worked for the Pakistan Cricket Board and the Pakistan Super League. He tweets @imranahmadkh
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Q: Access Docker Container from project registry So I have my docker image uploaded to my projects registry. I can navigate to https://console.cloud.google.com/gcr/images/ and I see my Image listed there.
Now I want to run a VM on this project and on this one use docker to run this very image.
This is the command within my VM:
sudo /usr/bin/docker run eu.gcr.io/my-project-name/example001

The response is:
Unable to find image 'eu.gcr.io/.../example001:latest' locally
/usr/bin/docker: Error response from daemon: unauthorized: You don't have the needed permissions to perform this op
eration, and you may have invalid credentials. To authenticate your request, follow the steps in: https://cloud.goo
gle.com/container-registry/docs/advanced-authentication.
See '/usr/bin/docker run --help'.

Please see the image attached. I can list my images if I define "eu.gcr.io/..." as my project path. However the machine seems to run on ".gcr.io" so therefor not able to access my image? How would I fix this - and why is my image on "eu.gcr.io" and the machine on ".gcr.io", I cant find a method to change this (either move the image to gcr.io or move the machine to, eu.gcr.io). However I'm not sure if this is the issue.
Maybe it is an authentication issue with docker?

A: VM basically cannot be on ".gcr.io", it can run in non-European region/zone, but it shouldn't be a problem.
From GCP access control point of view registry is just a bucket.
So I believe first thing you need to check is that VM has access to Google Cloud Storage.
With gcloud:
gcloud compute instances describe <instance-name>

check if VM has scope to read from devstorage:

serviceAccounts:
- email: ...-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com
  scopes:
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only
  - ...

This scope should be in place to read from registry:

https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only

If you don't have such scope on VM, but have there gcloud configured, you can use gcloud as credential helper:
gcloud auth configure-docker

as stated in doc you referred: https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/docs/advanced-authentication#gcloud_as_a_docker_credential_helper

A: The answer is found here:
https://serverfault.com/questions/900026/gcp-no-access-to-container-registry-from-compute-engine
It is the docker command which needs the authorization. Not the hostname (eu.gcr.io) is the issue here. I used 'gcloud docker -- pull ...' command to get the image from the repository to use within my VM.

A: after you create linux VM on GCP, SSH to it, you have to install Google SDK 1 using Cloud SDK with scripts]1 or manually.
If you are running Ubuntu follow the documentation here  if you are installing with  Red Hat or CentOS follow the documentation here after finishing the Google SDK you have to Run gcloud init to initialize the SDK, just open a terminal and tape [gcloud init] you have to configure your profile. after that you have to install Docker

*

*sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce

*sudo systemctl start docker

You need to have access to the registries which you will be pushing to and pulling from.
Configured Docker to use gcloud as a credential helper. To use gcloud as the crediential helper, run the command:

*

*gcloud auth configure-docker

After that you can pull or push images on your registry using the gcloud command with the docker as shown below:
Push: gcloud docker -- push gcr.io/google-containers/example-image:latest
pull: gcloud docker -- pull gcr.io/google-containers/example-image:latest

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Q: I PHP + MySql noob) How to select data in mysql for query User send to site acesskey, in MySql in table users there is his data(id, name, acesskey, friends). How to select he ID and echo from table messages all message where id_from = id?

A: Basically, you need to combine 2 select query results. Try looking at this. It might explain everything.
JOIN two SELECT statement results


Match the hobbies in French and in English (new version for Chrome and Safari) - NEW!
Listen to people talking about their hobbies and choose the right picture (new version for Chrome and Safari) - NEW!
Match the beginning with the end of the sentences (new version for Chrome and Safari) - NEW!
Listen to the people talking and decide if the sentences are true or false (new version for Chrome and Safari) - NEW!


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O V Jogos  dos Pequenos Estados da Europa foram detidos em 1993 em Malta.

1993
Pequenos Estados Europa
Desporto em Malta em 1993
Eventos esportivos sediados em Malta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Epic Connect
Epic Plus
Home / Our Team / Jim Glaab
Back to All Team Members
Jim Glaab
Business Development Leader
Jim Glaab serves as the newest leader within Community Technologies as its director of business development. He joins the team from SailPoint Technologies Inc, an identity management firm. Jim's sales career spans more than 20 years of well-rounded experience, delivering people and business focused solutions. Jim believes in building relationships while delivering impeccable service across various areas of expertise, including data governance, identity governance, professional services, sales, and business development.
Jim currently lives in Chandler, Arizona with Jennifer, his wife of 21 years, who also works for Providence, our parent organization. He has two, teenage boys. Their family loves to be active, and in their spare time, they love boating, hiking, and running together around town. Jim is also active on his own. He recently finished an Ironman triathlon within 10 hours and 45 minutes! As a member of University of Oregon's alma mater, Jim is a loyal and passionate fan of Oregon football.
Community Technologies
Notice of Nondiscrimination and Accessibility Rights
©2022 Community Technologies Inc.

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There is a history of individuals and organizations offering monetary rewards for solutions, either in the affirmative or negative, to difficult mathematically-oriented problems. For example, the Millennium Prize Problems are seven problems in mathematics that were stated by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000. A correct solution to any of the problems results in a $1,000,000 prize being awarded by the institute. To date, only one of the problems has been solved (the Poincaré Conjecture was solved by Grigori Perelman, but he declined the award in 2010). These are hard problems! The renowned mathematician John Conway (Princeton) maintains a list of open problems and for each problem on the list, he is offering $1000 to the first person that provides a correct solution. In this talk, we will explore a few of Conway's problems, and in the unlikely event we come up with a solution, we'll split the money.
This talk was given at the Northern Arizona University Friday Afternoon Mathematics Undergraduate Seminar (FAMUS) on Friday, October 24, 2014.


Our expo attracts 15,000 guests. 7,000 of which our registered athletes. We have approximately 70 vendors. We have just the spot for you!
$600- 10x10 booth. Pipe, drape, 1 table & two chairs.
$750- Corner 10x10 booth. Pipe, drape, 1 table & two chairs.
FINISH LINE FESTIVAL | Saturday, May 18th 7am - 2pm - This is a fun event! Live music, vendors, food trucks. The park is open to everyone. We had great feedback from vendors last year! We will see about 15,000 people at this event.
We also send a virtual race bag to our athletes. We offer this option to our vendors instead of offering flyers in our race bag. The open rates are very high.
Tips for a successful placement.
Great imagery. You will upload 1 image (540x396 pixels). Logos are great, but an image that shows what it is you do is better.
Great header. This will be what the runners see until they click on the image to get more details. Use an enticing tagline.
If you will be attending the expo or finish line festival, consider using your placement to drive traffic to your booth. Maybe offer a prize if they show you the offer at your booth.
After purchase, we will email you your link to build your placement.
We will provide you with a pipe and draped space, table and 2 chairs.
Thursday, May 16th. Booth set up. 11am- 3pm. There are 2 flights of stairs. The elevator is far from the expo. Please plan for ample time to load in.
Location: Weber County Ice Sheet, 4390 Harrison Blvd. Even though this address is on Harrison BLVD., they are not located directly on Harrison BLVD. They are 1 block East of Harrison. Follow signs to Dee Event center, it is in the same parking lot.
All vendors will have a pre assigned area. Please do not set your things up until the expo manager has shown you to your spot.
Friday, May 17th, Final set up: Friday beginning at 7am. Booths need to be set up and ready by 9am.
Friday, May 17th. Expo begins at 10am.
Friday, May 17th. Expo ends at 8pm. No vendors can begin to tear down until 8pm.
Friday, May 17th. Setup 8pm - 9:30pm - Overnight security will be provided. (GOAL is not responsible for lost or stolen items).
All vendors will have a pre assigned area/ 10x10 booth. Please do not set your things up until the festival manager has shown you to your spot.
All vendors must provide their own tents, tables, chairs and anything else needed for set up.


In addition to being super-flexible, Plast-O-Wax offers excellent fill and flow. Plast-O-Wax is known for its extraordinary memory -- injections won't break despite the roughest handling. That means that your injection failure rates can be sharply reduced and productivity sharply increased. Plast-O-Wax also offers easy release from rubber molds, wax patterns with smooth, glossy surfaces and minimal shrinkage.
Shor first introduced this product into the jewelry industry in the 1970's as Aqua Wax, this line of waxes has been very popular ever since.They are now the standard in the industry for high pattern detail, rapid wax solidification, minimal shrinkage, excellent flow and low ash content (.003%). All are designed for platinum, gold and silver, as well as industrial and dental alloys.Sold in quantities of 10 pounds only.


Namely, the delicious garlic is the most powerful natural antibiotic created by Nature, and it improves health is so many different ways.
The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy published a study conducted by Washington State University, which concentrated on one of the most common bacteria, called Campylobacter.
These bacteria are the main cause of numerous terrible food-borne illnesses leading to diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain.
The findings showed that garlic is able to destroy it 100 times more effectively than common antibiotics like erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, scientists found that it works in a fraction of the time.
Garlic is best to be consumed raw for its microbial properties, even though cooked garlic is still highly beneficial. The antioxidant value is equal when cooked, unlike most foods in which cooking tends to reduce nutritional content.
Yet, to boost its effects, chop or crush it and let it sit before eating it or heating it for a recipe. Scientists recommend waiting for 10 minutes before cooking it. This will activate the alliinase enzymes in the garlic's cells, and allows them to convert some of the garlic's allin into allicin. Allicin quickly breaks down to form a variety of organosulfur compounds.
Therefore, keep adding garlic to your daily meals and you will naturally protect your body from ailments and diseases! What's more, you will enjoy your food!


My Week That Was (9) Walking, Waxing, Wisdom Teeth, Snapchat, Cardooo, Happy 4th!
My Week That Was (7) Den Day, Fathers Day, 5 Second Rule, Diet Update, Summer?
My Week That Was (4) Bathroom Update, The Jungle Book, Tsum Tsums, Vlogs!
My Week That Was (1) Bathroom Delivery, New Lenses, Family Time, Kleftiko, Mills & Boon Colouring, Snapchat!
2016 – My Year of Vlogging!


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IoannaXxOrgasmicMamCollegeHotBBMiaLust .DominaRaelynEvelineClarkBertanaajennyintheroom .DivaEveHalfchinesepinoyJessieMunplayfulcreation6 .ankSunaManJennaGoesWildFitnessLady36JennyLimX .CollegeHotBBOrientalMysteryJenassAntoniaVegax .BertanaaAmyWardMissySparkFairyHairyNina .SportyHowardLiebhaberRubyTheSexiestSexyxGirlHorny .sexxybarbie1kissLAMIABEERo4kaKathleenNeas3 .dirtymicha01ItsEffyStoneFairyHairyNinavalerianddary .CaramelHoneisophyexoAngelMYSTERIOUSskorny .SlimJennymmSweetBabyDollXPINAYWILDGIRL02PerkyAmy .


One of the biggest hassles committee members face organizing a class reunion is collecting money from Alumni. So, Reunion Coordinator will build you a custom online registration form that accepts all major credit/debit cards through PayPal to make the process a breeze! The Committee selects the venue, the ticket price and what information they would like per registrant and Reunion Coordinator does the rest...simple and easy!


Collection of free no trespassing letter template that will perfectly match your needs. When writing an official or organisation letter, discussion design and style is key to making a great impression. These design templates offer excellent instances of how you can structure such a letter, and also consist of example web content to work as a guide to format.
If you're emailing a return to, your cover letter will certainly provide the initial perception. These eight suggestions will assist you craft a far better email cover letter.
As the stating goes, you do not get a second chance to earn a very first impression. If you're working search or resume submission by means of e-mail, the impression any type of employer will have is from your cover letter.
When you're asked to email your work application to a company, you can either duplicate as well as paste your cover letter into the body of your email, or you could connect it as a data, along with your resume. If you send your cover letter as an attachment, you could send it as either a PDF documents or Word record. Right here's what else you need to you consider when crafting an e-mail cover letter.
Exactly how should a cover letter look?
Some ideas for creating a cover letter are standard, whether you're e-mailing or snail mailing: Be expert, with correct punctuation and grammar, and essential do utilize them. (Below are some cover letter samples if you would love to obtain an aesthetic suggestion.) Various other pointers relate just to the digital medium, and when overlooked, could destroy your possibilities prior to your foot remains in the door.
Just what you write in the subject line can establish whether your letter gets read, according to Lydia Ramsey, service rules specialist and also author of Manners That Offer. "Do not ever leave the subject line of your email space, and don't squander it by simply inserting the task number," Ramsey claims.
Write your letter as the body of the email and also include a salutation (utilize the receiver's actual name if you know it) and also a typical closing. (" Sincerely" or "Cozy concerns" work well.) Leave blank lines in between paragraphs, as well as make use of appropriate signature and closing lines.
Include all the info in your trademark line you would certainly have on your organisation card, including general delivery address, contact number as well as email address. "Keep in mind, your e-mail address does not constantly immediately turn up on the receiver's e-mail program," Ramsey claims.
The initial paragraph is essential, according to Ramsey. "Linked the visitor in the very first paragraph by marketing him or her your capacities," she states.
If you write a cover letter in a word-processing program, remove all formatting as well as conserve the file as simple text. The excellent line size is 40 personalities. Some e-mail packages instantly do word cover for you, so your cover letter doesn't get here in fragments.
Don't obtain cute. Conserve smileys, acronyms, and wild shades as well as typefaces for your nonprofessional e-mails. The exact same goes with humor. Possibilities are, the viewers will not believe it's funny, as well as could even discover it annoying.
Don't reply to an ad for a copywriter when you're really a graphic designer, claims Diana Qasabian, skill supervisor at Syndicatebleu. "It could be the tight job market, but we have actually been getting increasingly more letters responding to a certain job from prospects that are not gotten approved for it," she states.
Since lots of companies utilize applicant radar (ATSes) to find and also evaluate prospects, skill-oriented key words will boost your possibility at being uncovered, a recruiter at a large technology business claims.
Take the time to learn the company guidelines for sending resumes, and also follow them. Some business obstruct all emails with accessories to stop infections.
Extensively spell-check as well as proofread your e-mail letter. If all your pals are tapped out, or even if they typically aren't, test your e-mail cover letter by emailing it to on your own, and also put yourself in the state of mind of a company when you review it.
When your cover letter is brightened and all set to go, transform your attention to your return to. A solid cover letter requires a just as outstanding return to in order for employing supervisors to stay up as well as take notification.


3/02/2017 · iOS Apps Speciality level out of ten: 0. Question: Q: Question: Q: Can't delete emails in gmail account on iPhone 5. The trash icon on the bottom of the iPhone 5 screen has disappeared. See below. When I open an email I do not have the option to delete the email. There are 5 icons on bottom of the screen: a flag, a "move to another account" icon, an "archive message" icon, an arrow (to reply... 22/09/2012 · Just purchased my iPhone 5 and am receiving e-mail. I have not figured out how to delete e-mail messages individually or in blocks. I get an option to archive but never an option to delete. I may stumble on how to do this as I get more experience with the phone but I am currently having a problem with this basic action. Any help appreciated.
You can't change your inbox categories from the Gmail app for iPhone or iPad. In the top right, you can archive or delete messages. Check the number of messages in your inbox. In Gmail, replies to a message are grouped into conversations. In your inbox, you'll see the number of conversations you have, but not messages. Follow these steps to see how many messages are in your inbox: On your... Solution 1: Delete An Email in Mail App on iPhone You can use the default Email application of iPhone to delete your mails. Although this method doesn't require third party applications, you have to delete messages twice to permanently remove them on your device.
Once you are done selecting all emails, tap on Delete icon shown on the top of your Gmail app and this will delete multiple emails. Read this guide for more detailed steps:- How to Delete Multiple Emails in Gmail App on Android/iPhone... 22/09/2012 · Just purchased my iPhone 5 and am receiving e-mail. I have not figured out how to delete e-mail messages individually or in blocks. I get an option to archive but never an option to delete. I may stumble on how to do this as I get more experience with the phone but I am currently having a problem with this basic action. Any help appreciated.
Solution 1: Delete An Email in Mail App on iPhone You can use the default Email application of iPhone to delete your mails. Although this method doesn't require third party applications, you have to delete messages twice to permanently remove them on your device.


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Home K-Drama First Impression of "The Fiery Priest" – Funny yet Thrilling
[Drama Review] First Impression of "The Fiery Priest" – Funny yet Thrilling
Novice Tyro
KMazing – The Fiery Priest, also known as Hot Blooded is a comedy thriller genre drama with 40 episodes where each episode is 30 minutes long. The series includes a comedy-drama wrapped in a story that is full of bit from the criminal world but still gives an impression that is not too boring or too serious for the audience.
Also Read: The New Generation of Beaut in K-Drama
The Fiery Priest itself was aired on SBS in the Friday-Saturday broadcast slot. The drama was directed by Lee Myung Woo accompanied by writer Park Jae Bum. In addition, The Fiery Priest also got support from lots of popular actors and actresses such as Kim Nam Gil, Kim Sung-Kyun, Lee Honey, and Keum Sae-Rok as their main cast.
The drama The Fiery Priest itself tells of a Catholic priest with anger management issue and a detective from the Gudam Police Station. The two met while investigating a murder case of senior Pastor. Here Kim Nam Gil who plays Kim Hae-II is a Catholic priest who always spits malicious comments and more of than not is rude to others. Meanwhile, Kim Sung-Kyun plays a role because Koo Dae-Young is a fussy detective but behind his nagging, he is a very timid person.
Also Read: The Most Awaited K-Drama of 2019
On the other hand, Lee Honey played Park Kyung-Sun, who was a beautiful woman and worked as a prosecutor. She is a person who is intelligent, ambitious and a perfectionist in handling cases. Long story short, Pastor Kim Hae-II, detective Koo Dae-Young, and prosecutor Park Kyung-Sun worked together to investigate and uncover the truth of a murder case involving a senior Catholic priest.
[Our] Temp Opinion
Before we go deep on the story which is superbly crafted, The Fiery Priest is also a series where you will be presented with the astonishing looks of the charismatic Kim Nam Gil and the enchanting beauty of Lee Han Nee.
Besides that, in every eposide of this drama, there is always this joke-break that can calm the nerves of the audience. Yes, even though this is included in the crime action drama, there is a touch of comedy that will reduce the audience's tense watching it. Especially when the scene is coupled with cartoonish effects that are not excessive, but instead added the element of an epic and funny impression.
Besides that, the right chemistry between the cast is also the main reason behind the success of this drama. The totality of the cast is quite visible from this drama. Everything from the stunt into the character, the cast of The Fiery Priest did their best and the result is flawless.
Also Read: Three Pretty Noonas Who Stun Us Every time They Took a Role in K-Drama
But even though the drama is perfect for those of you who like comedy, the story that flows in each episode is actually quite deep. After the drama concluded, the main protagonist himself, Kim Nam Gil explained that the case told in The Fiery Priest was more or less inspired by the case of the biggest prostitution scandal involving several South Korean celebs.
Thus, the ending of The Fiery Priest is also ambiguous. The decision is quite understandable because it turns out that this very successful drama is actually preparing the continuation of the story into the second season.
Overall, The Fiery Priest is the K-Drama that is worth the time while the balance between the serious plot with funny action scene is proportional and not too much. KMazing does recommend you guys to watch this drama.
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How to properly stage your home before placing it on the market.
Two months ago, I was faced with having to put my house on the market. With a downturned economy and a tight timeline to sell, the odds were stacked against me. Adding to the challenge of selling my home was the time of year I entered the market. Summer is always busy in our area – with lots of relocations and numerous homes going up for sale. Competition was a real factor. One question continued to haunt me -"how can I make my house stand out from the crowd?" I began focusing my energy on finding an answer.
In my spare time, I love to read real estate & home décor related magazines and several of these publications stressed the importance of properly "staging" your home before placing it on the market. One of the most consistent recommendations for successfully staging your home is to de-clutter & organize. This process highlights your home's best features, creates a more open feel and presents a clean & fresh environment for potential buyers. In fact, this step is so important that it has created a niche industry with professionals who do just that for a living. With this little secret weapon in my arsenal, I decided to tackle staging my home. I had recently joined the team of Amazing Spaces Storage Centers and was quickly learning about the benefits self-storage offers during a move. In fact at Amazing Spaces, we were in the middle of the "Take Back Your Home" event, a campaign which highlighted the benefits of clearing out items that homes tend to collect, and that is exactly what I decided to do.
I reserved my first storage unit at our Woodlands property. Since I was new to the storage industry, I got to test out our management team's knowledge regarding space, climate control, boxes, packing supplies etc. first hand. After asking a few questions, like what type of items I would be storing, how many rooms of furniture were in my home, etc. – they helped me select the perfect size unit and all the packing supplies for my new project.
As part of marketing my home, a professional photographer came in and took pictures for flyers, websites and various real estate publications. With the rooms more organized and cleared of clutter, the photos came out great. I had peace of mind that my home was at its best and my items were safe and secure with Amazing Spaces. My home hit the market the second week in June and within 4 weeks I had three offers! The feedback on how well the home showed was consistent – the "staging" process really paid off!
Not only did storing my extra items help me sell my house in record time, it also relieved stress during the final move out. Since my home had already been de-cluttered & organized, packing the remaining items was a breeze! I am a true believer in the value of storage – it really made an AMAZING difference during my move!


WITH infrastructure investment likely to be stepped up in Asia in coming years, the danger is growing that environmental safeguards could be neglected as countries in the region take advantage of increased financial and other resources, an Asian Development Bank report has warned.
"More financing for infrastructure is becoming available from established and new lenders for development, and borrowing countries are pushing to have their country safeguard systems used on projects supported by multilateral development banks," the ADB report said.
It called attention to what it said is the importance of strong safeguards in order to deflect damage to the environment and communities that can be caused by infrastructure projects.
"Narrowing wide infrastructure gaps will be vital for Asia to secure strong and sustained growth," Marvin Taylor-Dormond, director general of Independent Evaluation at the ADB said on the launch of the report.
"Robust safeguards to protect the environment and affected communities are needed more than ever amid the risk of increasing environmental degradation and the rising threat of climate change." The report focuses on projects in Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Kyrgyzstan.
These were chosen "because they were around the median for the environmental and involuntary resettlement sensitivity of their roads, energy, and water projects, and their experiences shed light on the wider application and enforcement of safeguards".
The ADB and its client governments have made significant progress in assessing the environmental and social risks of development projects and in designing measures to mitigate them, said the report's chief author Tomoo Ueda.
"Implementation of safeguard measures remains a big challenge, because of regulatory, institutional, and budget constraints in borrowing countries, and this was a common theme throughout the evaluation."
The report found that few government agencies employed regular environmental specialists to enforce safeguards on ADB-financed projects, and that ADB specialists were over-stretched.
"Gaps need addressing in the involuntary resettlement of people affected by new infrastructure, such as roads, on land owned by them," the report said.
The ADB's safeguards policy requires governments to provide compensation for lost assets at replacement value, and special livelihood support for the poor to get them to national minimum living standards.
Progress has been made on the compensation side, but less evidence was found of governments providing livelihood support. The report examines benefits and costs of implementing safeguards, an area, it says that has received relatively little attention, in part because of a paucity of data.
The report acknowledged the benefits of using country safeguard systems for ADB-financed projects but stressed the importance of ensuring that country safeguard systems are able to address project risks properly.
"Many ADB borrowing countries have sound laws and regulations on environmental and social safeguards. Our main concern is that many institutions and agencies, particularly in local government, do not have the resources or the skills needed to implement them."
An assessment of Indonesia's safeguards system, for example, "identified potential gaps in the country's laws and agencies on involuntary resettlement with respect to the safeguards framework in force at the ADB, especially in protecting the poor and vulnerable".
Raising the standards of country safeguard systems will be crucial for ensuring that public and private sector infrastructure projects avoid or mitigate environmental and social risks in a region with a huge demand for infrastructure investments, the report added.


text:
Q: CakePHP - event's date(s) & time(s) - how to structure TLDR: Need to understand the best way for a user to be able to add a date(s) & time(s) for an event, and how to structure database

Explanation:
When a user adds an event, they need to be able to choose the date of the event, whether or not it will repeat daily/weekly/monthly, start and end time of the event or "all-day", if it's weekdays only or weekend...etc.   Basically everything you can do w/ Google calendar when you create an event and they need to be able to edit it too (if that matters).  But ALSO, they need to be able to add another date/time - for instance:
Add an event where on Monday and Wednesday of this week and three weeks from now, it goes from 8-10pm.  On Tuesday and Thursday this week only, it goes from 6-9pm.

My thoughts so far:
Create a "dates" table with a HABTM relationship w/ my "events" table.  When a user adds a date (with all the options of repeat..etc etc., it runs a function to process those repeats/limits...etc and adds all the dates into the dates table w/ their start/end times.
But - then how do I manage it if they want to edit that - since it just created multiple fields.

Question / Help?:
Am I even on the right track with this?  I'm new to CakePHP, and it's hard for me to wrap my head around the best ways to do things...  I'm not yet looking for technical help (would not turn it down though) - for now, I just need to get the idea for the best way to structure everything to be able to manage this.  Maybe I need a "dates" table AND a "times" table?  Maybe a "dates" table with an id that references many individual rows in a "dates_data" table?
Thank you very much ahead of time for any help / direction!

A: You're doing great. Let me just share my thoughts.
If I would design this, I'd have 3 models:
Event

*

*id

*user_id

*description

*created (datetime)

*updated (datetime)

Schedule

*

*id

*event_id

*description

*start (datetime)

*end (datetime)

*duration (time, if empty(NULL) it means this is a whole day event)

*repeat_time (e.g. 3:00pm means 3pm daily)

*repeat_day (for weekly/monthly, e.g. Monday, Monday & Tuesday, Monday to Friday)

*repeat_date (for monthly, e.g. 1 means every 1st day of month, 31 means every 31st or end of the month)

*repeat_anniversary (for specific date every year, e.g. every December 25th)

Date

*

*id

*schedule_id

*start (datetime)

*end (datetime)

Now let's have an example of an event. Let's say we want an event that will repeat every Saturday and Sunday of May & June 2011 at 1:00pm until 3:00pm (two hours):
The events table contains the basic detail of an event. One record will be saved here.
The schedules table is separated so that you could add multiple schedules. One record will also be saved in schedule with the following fields:

*

*duration:    02:00

*start:       2011-05-01

*end:         2011-06-30

*repeat_time: 13:00:00

*repeat_day:  01,07 (Sunday & Saturday)

Now on dates table, there will be 17 records, one for each occurrence of the schedule. The reason why I separated this is that it will be easier for me know when will the event fall. This will be useful, for example, when creating the calendar. One of the records for the dates table will look like this:

*

*start: 2011-05-01 13:00:00

*end:   2011-05-01 15:00:00

Now what if the user edits the schedule? The schedule record would be edited. All dates record would also be edited. You don't wanna delete and recreate the dates, since you might use each record for another model (e.g. user might want to tag other users as attendees for each date of the event).
I hope this helps. Goodluck on your project!


There were 452 press releases posted in the last 24 hours and 153,724 in the last 365 days.
The rising need for automation and miniaturization in the electronics industry and growing effectiveness of these adhesives even at room temperature are the major factors influencing market growth.
NEW YORK, April 17, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global Instant adhesive market is expected to reach USD 3.14 Billion by 2026, according to a new report by Reports and Data. This can be mainly associated with the application of instant adhesives in fast curing and excellent bonding strength, rising need for automation and miniaturization in the electronics industry and growing effectiveness of these adhesives even at room temperature; with one-part catalyst free formulation as well as high chemical resistance.
Instant adhesives are strong and fast-acting adhesives with medical, industrial, and household applications, majorly with a composition of various esters of cyanoacrylic acid. The acryl groups in the resin, in presence of water, rapidly polymerise, forming long and strong chains. These adhesives are sometimes known as power glues, instant glues, or superglues.
Specific cyanoacrylates include ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (ECA, commonly called "Super Glue" and "Krazy Glue", or Toagosei), methyl 2-cyanoacrylate (MCA), octyl cyanoacrylate n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA), and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (used in veterinary, medical, and first aid applications). Octyl cyanoacrylate is used to address toxicity concerns and reduce allergic response and skin irritation. The commonly used abbreviation for industrial grade cyanoacrylate is "CA".
The growth of the cyanoacrylate adhesives is expected to dominate the segment throughout the forecast period. Cyanoacrylates are rapid curing and high bonding strengths on plastic and rubber materials. The versatility of these adhesives makes them highly useful in all industries, for instance, in electronics for printed circuit board components and wires, as well as for disposable plastic medical devices in medical technology.
Light curing cyanoacrylates are one of the newest and fastest growing adhesive technologies in the market. Light cure CAs perform similar to traditional instant adhesives but with an added advantage of instant, tack-free cure when exposed to UV or visible light, since they do not require the use of solvent-borne accelerators to speed the cure process. Thus, they overcome blooming and reduce stress cracking on sensitive substrates such as acrylics and polycarbonate.
Being the smallest molecule, methyls work best on rubber and metal parts while ethyls on plastic parts.
Europe dominates the market, and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 3.7% in the coming years, due to the presence of some of the largest manufacturers and vendors in the region, such as, Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Bostik SA, KENT Europe, 3M, etc.
Asia Pacific region is expected to have the highest CAGR of 7.5% for the market by 2026, followed by North America. Low labor cost, abundant raw material, and low tax rate makes China the leading country in the region, and emerging players including India, South Korea, and Singapore. Moreover, high standards of living, high per capita income, and environment friendly adhesives are contributing to the demand for the market over the forecast period.
Growing automotive industry is driving the market in North America with second largest growth and CAGR of 6.0%. Latin America, and Middle East & Africa markets are also growing at a significant rate, reason being economic growth development and application in electronics, medical, and transportation sector.
Key participants include H.B. Fuller, Henkel AG & Company, Sika AG, 3M Company, Illinois Tool Works Incorporation (ITW), Toagosei Co., Ltd., Huntsman Corporation, Bostik SA, Permabond LLC, Pidilite Industries Limited, Franklin International, Royal Adhesives & Sealants, LLC, Masterbond, Lord Corporation, Delo Industrial Adhesives LLC, Parson Adhesives Inc., Loxeal Engineering Adhesives, Dymax Corporation, Chemence Limited, and Hernon Manufacturing, Inc., among others.
Reports and Data is a market research and consulting company that provides syndicated research reports, customized research reports, and consulting services. Our solutions purely focus on your purpose to locate, target and analyze consumer behavior shifts across demographics, across industries and help clients make a smarter business decision. We offer market intelligence studies ensuring relevant and fact-based research across a multiple industries including Healthcare, Technology, Chemicals, Power, and Energy. We consistently update our research offerings to ensure our clients are aware about the latest trends existent in the market. Reports and Data has a strong base of experienced analysts from varied areas of expertise.


The U.S. Supreme Court upheld Americans' right to keep their digital information private Friday, as they ruled that cell phone location data is protected from warrantless searches under the Fourth Amendment.
In a 5-4 decision in Carpenter v. United States, the court ruled in favor of robbery suspect Timothy Carpenter, whose cell phone records the FBI seized without a warrant under the Stored Communications Act.
Carpenter argued that the location data the government was able to gather through the records should be suppressed, as it violated the Fourth Amendment.
A lower court ruled, however, that since Carpenter's cell phone data had already been shared with his wireless carriers, Carpenter had no reasonable expectation of privacy.
"We decline to grant the state unrestricted access to a wireless carrier's database of physical location information," Chief Justice John Roberts wrote in the court's majority opinion.
YOU THINK I'M KIDDING, RIGHT?


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text:
A literary website, sort of.
Identity Theory
Book Rate
Side Shots Film Blog
Everything Unfinished
Other Truth
By Robert Birnbaum | Published: March 21, 2001
British writer Jim Crace gave up his career as a journalist and turned to writing fiction in 1974. Since then, he has published six novels, which include Continent (1986), The Gift of Stones (1988), Arcadia (1992), Signals of Distress (1995), Quarantine (1998) and Being Dead (2000). His work has won numerous awards, including Britain's Whitbread Prize (twice) and The E.M. Forster Award, and has been short-listed for The Booker Prize. Being Dead was given the National Book Critics Circle Award in 2001.
Jim Crace's fiction has been translated into over twenty languages and The Devil's Larder, a book of short fictions about "food, appetite and the objects of our desire" will be published in October, 2001. Crace is also the founder and former director of the Birmingham Festival of Readers and Writers. He lives with his family in Birmingham, England.
Robert Birnbaum: You were a journalist…
Jim Crace: I was a journalist for sixteen years. Still miss it, in fact.
RB: Totally given it up?
JC: Yeah.
RB: No one asks you to do magazine pieces?
JC: They do. I usually say no. Unfortunately, there's a young writer named John Crace, who is a distant cousin of mine. I think we have to go back to 1757 — actually we do go back to 1757 — to have a common ancestor. However, there is only one Crace family. He writes for the Guardian and several places, and twice in the last six months they've attributed his articles to me. Because — I don't know if it was wishful thinking — or because the people would know my name and immediately the phone is ringing off the hook, "Oh you started doing journalism. We love the piece you did. Will you do some stuff for us?" I don't want to do it really. I fell out of love with — I was one of the victims of Murdoch's grip on the Sunday Times and so I got disenchanted. But I miss it! Because journalism is more important that fiction, I think.
RB: Are there any smart magazines in Britain?
JC: Cultural matters or political? We have good newspapers in Britain. We have this tradition of not having local newspapers; we have a lot of national newspapers and that's something that America doesn't have. Although I guess the New York Times is becoming the national paper.
RB: USA Today? Wall Street Journal?
JC: USA Today is a thin experience. It's well done, but it's a little, skinny paper. Yeah, we have a lot of broadsheet papers that sometimes are quite good. The people who work for these papers, the jockeys who are writing the stuff, you can trust them. It's always management which is crap. The Guardian is very good in Britain. The [London] Times can be good, the content can be good, but the editorial is always garbage.
RB: What about magazines. Does Tattler mean anything?
JC: No, Tattler's crap. It reads for toffs; it's a class record for the middle class…
RB: Is Punch still being published?
JC: Yes, and it's owned by Mohammed Fayed. It's rubbish also. The New Statesman still comes out. It has left-of-field commentary…
RB: What about more contemporary magazines? The Face…
JC: The Face used to be a wonderful magazine. You would think about in the same terms as Rolling Stone — it was a contentious, argumentative magazine when it first started coming out. Now it's part of the establishment. The same is true of the Face. The world of newspapers and magazines in Britain is not exciting at the moment. There is not a good cultural commentary magazine. But we have such good radio and such good television that you don't feel as if there is nowhere that you can turn. There are plenty of places you can turn if you are interested in ideas.
RB: How prevalent is personal computer use?
JC: Lot of PCs, but we are not as computer literate as the States, and we are not as knowledgeable about the Internet, but it's happening…my kids know it, they know exactly what they want to do and how to get on to stuff. I call them if I need some access and they always have the information.
RB: I sense a backlash among supposedly savvy types toward new media…
JC: I feel antipathy towards e-mail. The reason is…
RB: …it's intrusive…
JC: …it's not intrusive. That's the problem. This is my objection: I lead this lonely life, the writer's life. No one calls. You know the story. I like it when my editor calls. Because I don't want to be an awkward writer worrying and fidgeting all the time, I wait 'til he calls. And then he when he calls on the telephone I can say, "Oh and by the way, Tony, I was a little bit concerned that the books aren't getting out." And you make your point and you are not an awkward character. Now, of course, he knows I have e-mail, and he never calls. And, I get e-mail. And you can't then just slip in something. When he sends the e-mail it comes distorted. The way it's spread is wrong, and so physically it's not pleasing. He doesn't even say, "Dear Jim" at the top. It's not just him, it's everybody. Even if he signs his name at the bottom, it's not his signature, it's just a typed version. And so what is for me an important contact, has become something completely lacking in personality. And I don't like that.
RB: Not to mention the onslaught of bad grammar, spelling and thoughtlessness…some people write better than they type.
JM: I was watching some adverts on the TV in the States and it occurred to me that the whole iconography of the keyboard has changed. In the old adverts there would be the man standing at the shoulder of the woman, the secretary, typing on the old-fashioned typewriter and he was dictating or he was the boss looking down her blouse, that was the iconography. Now, you look at the adverts on the TV and it's the husband going into MCAMortgage.com or whatever it is and it's the wife standing at the shoulder. And what's happened is that keyboard has become an instrument of power and therefore the man has to have it. It's weird isn't it?
RB: I reviewed our conversation when we talked, upon the publication of Quarantine. I asked you what you were working on and you said at the time, "it was slow going and you were having some difficulty." I assume you were working on Being Dead.
RB: You apparently resolved the difficulties. How hard was it to write Being Dead?
JC: Well, in a way I didn't resolve that particular difficulty. What people think is interesting about fiction — and they are certainly right to some extent — is the way books mirror the writer. Literature departments at universities are based on that premise, as indeed is writing literary biography. They think that you can find the writer within the book and the book within the writer and if there is a lot of adultery in the book it's in the life. And to certain extent that's true. What always has interested me is the way that books are different from the writers. When I write a book I always look for that moment where the book abandons me and starts to express a view of its own. So with Quarantine, which abandoned me very very early, we have a book written by an atheist — a North Korean style, heavy-duty atheist — which is me. Which actually turns out not to be a very atheistic book at all. In fact, from my mail it seems that people who are Christians find it underscores their religion rather than undermines it. So this whole business of being abandoned by a book is something that I seek. And when the book does abandon me, it's then that it's easy to write. So it just stretches ahead under its own volition. When I was talking to you about Being Dead, it hadn't abandoned me yet. It wasn't going its own way, it wasn't expressing its own point of view. The truth of the matter is that book never abandoned me. In a way the book is too personal and too heartfelt actually to have a view of its own. And maybe what I was saying was — as a naturally secretive person — I was finding it difficult revealing myself so thoroughly as I have done in that book. Whether that shows to the reader or not, I don't know, but that was why the book was hard to write.
RB: One review suggested that Being Dead was a very Christian book, also.
JC: Yeah, bizarre. It's clearly not a very Christian book. This denies the existence of anything after death. Mind you Christians do that all the time these days. What do Christians believe in? They have agreed evolution is there, that God is only a metaphor, so maybe they don't believe in the afterlife either?
RB: When a story abandons you, is it because a narrator or character starts to act in ways you haven't 'predicted'? In Being Dead, the characters didn't appear to have that opportunity.
JC: Actually it was much more personal than that. You are right, what you are saying. What I realized was happening was that this was a book that comes out of my own father's death. That's the truth of the matter. My dad died in 1979, a long time ago. But we buried him so badly — he was an atheist. Three generations of atheism is where I come from. When he was dying of cancer, only 67, a young man, he said, "I want nobody at the funeral. I want no flowers. I want no hymns. Certainly, nothing to do with church or no announcement. Nothing in the newspapers. I want no eulogies. I don't even want you to scatter my ashes." He was a man, not without sentiment but a man without sentimentality. He would have turned in his grave if we had done any of those things. Like fools we went ahead and buried him like that. And the hearse came to the house and me and my mum and my brother went along. No guests, nobody to say farewell to this unique life. He was a curmudgeonly, difficult, awkward man, but he was a great man, my father. And we should have paid some attention to his greatness and ignored him [his post humous requests]. Because after all, if you are an atheist, you know he isn't going to turn in his grave. He's not going to experience this stuff. You should do what you want for yourself. But, of course, we did it wrongly. We didn't even take his ashes to his allotment garden and throw them on the soil, which would have been a sentimental thing to do, but it would have been the appropriate thing to do. Wish I had done it. Since then there hasn't been a day that's passed that I haven't regretted that. When I was writing Quarantine — on the subject of religion — of course even though that was a less atheistic book than me and at the end of the book I was no less of an atheist as I was when I started. Nevertheless I had to think about my own religion a lot in writing a book like that. I recognized even though religion and atheism had lots of things in common, there were several things they didn't have in common. Most of those things I wasn't jealous of. For example, their descriptions of the way the natural world comes about. Six days of creation, one day of rest…LUDICROUS! How does that compare with the wonderful narratives of the natural world of science? Doesn't compare at all! Also this business of intervention, for example. Religions believe that God can intercede. If you've got cancer, you can ask for it to be cured. If you haven't got rain for your crops, God can intercede. I didn't believe in that and I didn't want that. But there is one thing they had, I recognized, that I was jealous of…and that is that they had a ritual to deal with death. And they had false narratives of comfort. They don't think they are false, but they are false narratives of comfort. But whether they are false or not is not the point. The comfort works. This is really a haunting thing for me. I realized what I really wanted to do in writing Being Dead is to see if…
RB: May I interrupt? It seems to me if you define comfort in the way you suggest, then how is it false?
JC: No, the narratives are false, the comfort is real. The narrative says to you, "You are not dead; you have merely gone into another room where you will find everlasting peace and harmony." BULLSHIT! But it's comforting. That's what stories are for, they are there very often to comfort. So, what I wanted to do was to find a false narrative of comfort in a world without gods. A narrative of comfort for atheists. It struck me that my atheism, my father's atheism for certain, was too bleak. This is what I was looking for in the book: Could I come up with a narrative of comfort in the face of death, which is you end up with that book. And which why it didn't abandon me because my father was standing at my shoulder the whole time. That's why it was a more personal book.
RB: What was the challenge of writing this novel?
JC: I was grappling with the book, and it wasn't coming easy. I didn't know what direction it was going. I realized that if there was any comfort to be had from this life — which ends completely when we die — and there is nothing else, it was the years that we had lived. That was the comfort. Because it's worth having. Even though when you die it's finally…you're out of it, being here is worth it. And if you are very lucky, you do have a kind of immortality, of a sort. For a while afterwards you've got your kids and you've got the people that loved you and the few memories that kind of live on. It struck me that there could only be retrospect which validated life. Once I recognized that, that it wasn't prospect that validated because there was no prospect. There is no hope. There is no ever-after eternity. Once I realized it was retrospect, then the idea came to me that I should tell a strand of the story in retrospect. So then rather than the book, the story unfolding, which is what normally happens in fiction where you have people who are their least exposed becoming more vulnerable and more exposed as stories goes on — which is where the phrase 'unfolding' comes from. I would take my characters at their most exposed, at their most thoroughly vulnerable — they're dead — and enfold them. Take them back to a place of safety and that place of safety could only somewhere earlier in their life. Once that occurred to me, the structure of the book came very clear. To some extent this book became an easier book to write. Structurally it did, but it was still a hard companion. I don't usually talk in these terms, but this book made me ill. Really! That's the truth of the matter. It was a hard hard companion.
RB: You still have a little fun. I don't believe that there is a grass hopper that lives in the diesel engines of Latin American vehicles.
JC: Not only that. Not only does that not exist, but the main insect of the book does not exist. The marine cricket doesn't exist. No, I invent those things. It's fun.
RB: That is one of the treats one encounters in reading your work. You had interesting observation about sex and death, "Where there is sex there is death, the dark coordinates of one straight line."
JC: Did I say that?
RB: You did say that, yeah.
JC: Sure. You know that's true. I mean procreation…
RB: I feel as though if read this book ten years ago and read it ten years hence that it wouldn't be the same book. There is something strikingly amorphous — there seems not to be a settled personal meaning here. Most people don't spend much time ruminating on death and they probably accept the conventions. Only in mourning do most people really consider death…
JC: It hasn't made me think about my own death. It wasn't a morbid experience. That's not what I'm saying. And you're quite right, well-managed people don't spend their time thinking about death. In fact, the logic of the world — given we are once of the few creatures with a wide and deep consciousness and an ability to understand that it doesn't last forever. You'd think we'd be thinking about it all the time? That there would be nothing else for people of our age as that dark day comes closer. The extraordinary thing is that somehow we are hard-wired to fear it less the closer we get to it. So my mum, who is eighty-eight, doesn't fear it at all. We only fear untimely death. Maybe you're right, maybe…this kind of sentimental atheism that I've got for example, wouldn't have existed ten years ago and probably won't exist in ten years time. What it is, is a reaction to the fact that science has taken religion and given it such a good shaking…that there is just no room for religion for anybody with any brains now. That's not enough for me. I want some transcendence in my life. And I want some mysticism in my life, and I want some spirituality in my life. But there is no room in my life for God. It's that time in history that this book has come out of.
RB: Any thoughts about spiritual types, like the Dalai Lama?
JC: My eyebrow is knit with cynicism. I really am a dyed-in-the-wool God-denier. The things to admire about him are his politics and his determination and strength of character, but his belief in God is ludicrous. The only reason that I am not an evangelical atheist — going around and shaking the God out of people — is that I recognize belief in God is quite a good emotional and personal strategy, it delivers a decent cultural morality if that's what you want. Thirdly, it's probably an inherited trait. Some people have the God gene and some people don't. We know that there is a God gene. We know where it resides. Karen Armstrong, the ex-nun, told me she used to have visions. She was looked at by the other nuns as the nun that had visions. But she was so troubled by the visions that she had a mental breakdown and she left the sorority that she was a member of and decided, finally, that she would have to have some mental health treatment. She goes on to a psychiatrist and the psychiatrist does tests on her. And he says, "Have you ever had visions?" She says, "Oh boy have I ever had visions!" And he said, "You will have visions, you're an epileptic." She had no idea she was an epileptic. He gave her some pills to cure her low-level epilepsy and she has never had a vision since. What she discovered was that the part of the brain which controls epilepsy is adjacent to the part of the brain identified as the God gene. There will be scientific explanations why people believe in God. So there is absolutely no point in being an evangelical atheist because people are hardwired to believe what they want to believe anyway. But it comes down to science every time. Not one single time — this is my tub-thumping thing — not once when knowledge is expanded has that knowledge secured the existence of God. It's always undermined the existence of God. Every single piece of scientific and natural history knowledge that has happened in the last 500 years has undermined God and not underscored God. The existence of God is almost beyond debate.
RB: A scientific attempt to prove God is contradictory.
JC: That's the great thing, of course, because the religious believers don't give a shit that science doesn't believe in God. In fact they rather like it because it increases the leap of faith they must have to believe in God.
RB: Faith has place in our lives, somehow. It's sufficiently encompassing to allow us to do and to explain any number of things. I avoid discussing religion, but I did try to read a book by a writer I respect and appreciate — Three Gospel by Reynolds Price. I tried to read it because I think he is a great writer. But as good a writer as he is, I couldn't get interested.
JC: Is he quite a religious man?
RB: Perhaps he became more religious after his brain cancer.
JC: Right, he walks with a stick, doesn't he?
RB: He is confined to a wheel chair. But he is quite lucid and has totally recovered but for the loss of the use of his legs. He is a religious man.
JC: He is a good writer, you're right. He's a very good writer.
RB: I was hoping to find a pathway to thinking about religion in a fresh way. But I couldn't. I must not have the God gene.
JC: Did you read the Mailer book, Gospel According to The Son?
RB: The last thing I read by Norman Mailer was Harlot's Ghost. I don't know if I will ever be able to read anything new by him again.
JC: He's done his best stuff. He's got God of course. He's married this woman who is Pentecostal or something.
RB: We strayed from the subject of sex and death…
JC: Yeah. Well I don't mean it in a John Donne sense, that when you have an orgasm it's a little death. That's been done to death as a cliched metaphor. I just meant that there's a direct biological line between procreation — the moment that the sperm hits the egg is the moment that you are condemned to death. That in itself is a terrible terrible cliche. It's the big cliche, isn't it? That envelopes us from all of our conscious lives.
RB: You do make the point that only uni-celled animals live forever.
JC: That's weird though isn't it? The whole idea of the single animal that reproduces by binary fission…It's ancient, it's million of years old…unchanged for millions of years.
RB: How will we define death when we allow cloning to augment people? Are we the last generation that will face death? In the future failed organs will simply be replaced with cloned cells…
JC: That will be the most awful tyranny won't it?
RB: You say that now.
JC: We do, but God give me that tyranny. But it will be tyranny.
RB: I'm reminded of Tim Findley's novel Pilgrim, in which the character can't die though he regularly tries to kill himself. You finished this book a year ago, I suspect that you are on to a new book. And I suspect that the new book is nothing at all like Being Dead.
JC: It's not. It's certainly not. Whenever I would go into my publisher's offices to describe my next book…as soon as I said what it was about, no one would look at me. They would all be looking at the backs of their hands. They would all be studying the clock on the wall. They would all be picking bits of fluff off their knees. When I went in to tell them about Arcadia, that it was about town planning and green grocery, they looked pretty upset. Then I go in and tell them about Quarantine, a novel about Jesus and his forty days in the desert. A novel about Jesus, no one is going to buy this thing. And then I tell them about Being Dead, even the title kind of horrifies them. On this next book they are looking me in the eye, at last. Maybe it's a bad sign, maybe I should stop.
RB: Or they believe that you have a solid audience?
JC: They sold hundreds of thousands of Quarantine. They're selling hundreds of thousands of Being Dead. So, they're happy on that score. No, what it is I have decided that I can't have another hard companion with the next book. I want to do something playful for me. Although, if I can get away from it being a dark book, I don't know. Quarantine was quite a hard companion as well, even though it abandoned me at that stage. The next book I am writing is very playful, it's called The Devil's Larder. The quotation that introduces it — and I invent everything including the epigrams — is from that non-existent famous book of the Bible, Visitations, Chapter IV, verse 3, "There are no bitter fruits in Heaven nor is there honey in the Devil's larder." What this book does — it's a hundred part fiction — so I'm not sure whether it's a novel or what. But it goes into the Devil's larder and takes the hundred different foods that are in the larder and makes fictions out of them. In the same way that Calvino makes fictions out of different towns in Invisible Cities or Primo Levi makes fictions of all the items in the periodic table from his book Periodic Table. So they are a hundred short fictions about food. Not about cooking, not about eating and not about restaurants and not about taste. It's the last taboo subject that not enough people deal with in literature. Food is a subject so central to our sense of selves: our mortality, the shapes of our bodies, our intimate relationship with our own insides. Sexuality, all of those things…this thing is a cumulative book about food and it's very playful and it's a lot of fun and it's very dark also. I have to admit it's dark, I can't stop my books being dark. I'm enjoying doing it, for once. I almost go to it eagerly. Maybe it's because I'm writing little short pieces.
RB: You don't strike me as someone who has a dark vision of life. You seem very buoyant and upbeat and enthusiastic and warm. Where does the darkness come from?
JC: (laughs) Umm. You ask that question and I'm going to risk sounding really pretentious, but self-analysis is always a bit pretentious so you are going to have to put up with that stuff. I'm a very serious person. (laughs) I'm unforgivingly political. I'm very, very dogmatic.
RB: You have used the adjective "North Korean" a couple of times…
JC: I'm completely uncompromising on political and other matters. And I my personal demeanor is probably an extension of my arrogance. Maybe. Because I am so certain of myself I don't have to be head-up unpleasant with people and argue with people. I don't have to worry that people have a different view from me. I don't have to respond aggressively because I hold their opinion in contempt. Maybe?
RB: What's dark about…The Devil's Larder?
JC: You mean my book? Because they are only dark in the sense that those two books are dark. But they are not pessimistic. I'm a very optimistic person. And my optimism is not brewed out of easy stories like the optimism of Christianity is brewed out of an easy story: be optimistic about death because it doesn't happen; you have eternity forever after. My optimism says — it's a greater optimism I believe — when you die you are like road kill. Your dead body is like meat, you will be eaten by flies, there is nothing to find joy in an everlasting judgement. It's not going to happen. But nevertheless in that dark setting there is still an optimistic story to be found. I want to face up to the horrors of the world…
RB: In Being Dead you suggest in last chapter that had the bodies not been recovered that the dunes would have buried the bodies and thereby they would have joined Nature…
JC: But you see…there is a future. And there is hope for the Universe because for the Universe all of these cells — which are me and you — get taken back and recycled. But there is no hope and there is no future for me and you. The Universe has the hope and the future, we don't…so the darkness is the fact there is nothing in that for us. From that darkness I feel kind of a joy. Face up to the hard facts of the world, don't hide behind the skirts of easy stories. And somehow you feel empowered and the adrenaline runs. And you know you have three score years and ten. I'm 55 and there are 15 of those years left. Let's make mayhem because there is no judgement day and it's gonna be too late when you go and you can't take any of it with you. So that's what I mean. Maybe dark isn't the word because in the end I am optimistic. My books are more serious than I seem. And that's the way it is because books aren't mirrors to human beings. Writers aren't like their books. You meet David Lodge who writes comic novels and when you meet him he is deadly serious the whole time. Jonathan Coe, nice man, writes very serious novels, you meet him, you never get a joke out of him…he's dead dead serious. I have enough seriousness in my life to want to be very heavy when I meet socially.
RB: Do you reread your writing?
JC: No, never. I don't ever have a reader's experience of my books. I don't know how they appear to people. Some one coming to it fresh…like you read it finished…I never read it finished. When I think back on the opening chapter, I remember the twelve versions, I don't remember the one version. And I can't remember which one ended up.
RB: Do you listen to the audio version…
JC: No, I did listen to Quarantine when it was abridged on the radio. That was interesting because they cut it down to a fifth of its [original] length. And it worked just as well. So I thought, "What a long-winded bastard you are. You could have written a short story." It was really good I was so moved by it.
RB: Well, it's just another story. That is, the abridged version is very much another story. Don't you think so?
JC: Well, how do I know as I never have a reader's experience? I don't know what I am missing. At the moment in England there is a stage version of Quarantine. I went to a preview. It was like I was encountering my book for the first time because it had been lassoed by an other art form and presented in a different shape. I enjoyed it. Just like it wasn't mine.
RB: Can you see a film version being made of Being Dead?
JC: I am waiting to hear. The filmmaker that wants to make it says he wouldn't have to touch it. It's already defined in filmic pieces. It's shaped like a film is how he sees it. The several strands constantly going back to each other.
RB: Could this film be made in the USA?
JC: You know what happened with Quarantine? We had a film script written by the novelist Patrick McGrath and the actress Maria Aitken. And they did a good job. They put the script around and finally they got some hot interest from one of the biggest studios, Sony. But they couldn't get the project bankrolled unless they agreed to reset the Judean desert of 2000 years ago as a 21st-century survivalist camp in the USA. I quite liked the sound of the idea. I have no pride. But it was their script, they'd done the work, they had integrity, so they refused…
RB: There is the story of Richard Wright being offered $50,000 by MGM to make the protagonist in Native Son white.
JC: It's not even a joke, because it has happened. In The Subterraneans, a movie based on a Jack Kerouac book, which is about a white poet falling in love with a black woman. One of the first novels in which was there not only cross-race sex but there was a serious intellectual black woman. When they made the film, the black woman was played by Leslie Carron. Not very black, I don't think. When they were doing the stage version of Quarantine and they wanted to involve me, I said, "Don't involve me, I'm not interested. Get on with it. Take liberties." They said, "What do you mean?" I said, "The fewer liberties you take, the more worried I'll be." You shouldn't want to know what I think. You should have your own vision of what you want to do. No point in wanting to be protective about your own book. The book is not going to be changed by the film or whatever it is they do. The book is still there.
RB: Why hasn't this argument — book vs. movie — been put to bed long ago? The VHS or DVD is different than the movie and the audio tape is different than the book and so on…
JC: And every reader's version so…it's not worth getting harassed about.
RB: There are still writers who claim that they want the integrity of their story to be sustained.
JC: Yeah, yeah. These are people who are passionate about literature, and I am not really passionate about literature.
RB: I noticed that in the past you have remarked about its unimportance. Storytelling is very important.
JC: Storytelling is important…ah, um everybody's life. How do we get girlfriends, how are we successful socially? How do we get the job? We all know very well what we feel like when the guy that can't tell stories comes into the bar. You're not making eye contact with the because you'll say, "How was your holiday in Spain?" He's gonna tell you and you're gonna die. Of course, storytelling is important. But it's not been invented by novelists. It's not novelists that need a narrative sense to their life. Of course, that's true. But narrative in the 21st century is not coming from literary fiction. Narrative is mostly coming off the TV screen. And narrative is mostly coming off the cinema screen and the narratives reported in newspapers. You know that is more important with their million sellers. I say I'm selling well, but how does my literary fiction sell compared to newspapers? And all the people that read my stuff are clones of me. They are not changing anybody's hearts and minds.
RB: I do know that that's true?
JC: I'll bet, most of the people that read my stuff are like minds to me. Maybe not Quarantine.
RB: I just don't accept that. If you were a radical historian, I'd say you were writing for the choir. But a novelist has so many places to go, you never know. The hope and the beauty of reading contemporary fiction is that you don't know where the story will end up.
JC: Well, that's true but even if even if it were true that novels were really important and changed the hearts and minds of people and set new agendas, it's very important for the writer to pretend that it isn't true.
RB: Actually, I wasn't arguing that they are important…but I think you're right.
JC: Because otherwise you'll end up like Salman [Rushdie], who is a brave man. I don't criticize his life — standing up to the fatwah. Would that we all had that courage but his fiction, his relationship to his fiction is destroyed by his overwhelming sense that it's of earth-shattering importance. If he were to think it wasn't of importance, maybe he would just luxuriate in the thing itself. And you know how many writers are like that?
RB: I'm sure attitudes about the writing life and self-consciousness about it have shifted…and that there are those that like the perks more than doing they like doing the work.
JC: I'm one of those. That's me, there's no question.
RB: But you are doing the work. Fran Liebowitz, who occupies a place in Manhattan, at least, as a cultural commentator has been writing a novel for 15 years or so…
JC: There's a few like that. Harold Brodkey, he did it for ever and ever and it never happened.
RB: It's a hard way to go. I don't know why people would choose to do it anyway.
JC: Even though I complain about it and wish I didn't have to do it, it comes easy to me. So you do what comes easy. You play the hand that you've been dealt. If you are lucky enough that the hand you've been dealt is one that's valued by other people that is really good fortune, isn't it?
RB: You are a more prominent writer internationally now. What does that do for you?
JC: I see gradually that things are changing. I did a reading in New York and there were huge ques. And it's the first time. I felt something has changed here. It changed like that about five years ago in England. Of course, that is immensely gratifying and of course that's what you've always wanted, I'm not the sort of ingrate that's going to say, "Don't want this. No, no. Enough, I'm only signing five books or I won't sign books at all." That's not the way I am at all. Nevertheless if I tell the truth, nothing is ever enough. I remember when my first book, Continent, came out, thinking, "I'm going just to be happy even if it doesn't sell a copy. I'm just going to be happy to have a copy between my hands to show my mum. And she will say, 'Wouldn't my Dad have been proud if he had lived to see this day?'" And that's all I wanted. But as more things happened I wanted more. And it sold in France and it made money in America. And the next book comes out and it gets good reviews. I want more good reviews and I want better hotels and this is the trouble with this thing. It's a heroin addiction. That last hit…you can never replicate the last hit, you've always gotta improve on the last hit. So when my editor phones up and says, "Jim, great news. We just sold rights in Bosnia." I don't say, "Great, that's really good news." I say, "Yes, so what's happening in Slovenia?" And it's a terrible thing. You have to have eternal vigilance because that kind of dissatisfaction ruins a lot of writers. I'm just as bad as the rest of them but I'm being vigilant about it. Which has maybe to do with this good humor you are describing, maybe it's not totally genuine. Maybe it's me being good-humored for me, to tell me that I'm not turning into the monster that I fear that I'm almost turning into, all the time. One extra corner and I could be a monster. So this is what it's all about. Keep charming, keep cheerful because people won't think you're the monster you really are (chuckles).
RB: How much have you outlined what your "last" fifteen years will be about?
JC: All of my ambitions are domestic ambitions. I ought to be saying that I want to write the great Spirit-of-the-Age novel.
RB: It's just like you not to say 'zeitgeist'…
JC: I'm not going to say it. I never know how to say it. I never know how to pronounce it and I get it wrong and I'm not quite sure what it means. But actually that comes immediately to mind has to — when the kids are off my hands — I'd like to maybe leave Birmingham. I've been there a long time and I'm wedded to the politics of Birmingham. I'd like to make a garden, is what I'd like to do. I'm a very keen gardener. I'd like to take up some of these offers to live abroad. I think what I'm looking for is adventure. My parents' generation thought the adventures had to be over in their twenties. My generation recognizes that when the children leave home and you are sixty, it's still not too late. And that's what I want, some adventures. It might be a funny sort of adventure to have a garden but even that can be an adventure. I want to do something not to do with books. I'd love to not write anymore books. That would be… good. I'd love to be so successful I didn't have to write anymore.
RB: That seems to go against the literary conventional wisdom that writers have to write.
JC: I can stop writing. I write because I can, not because I have to. But when I stop writing I'm not going to stop being a liar. I'm still going to tell stories and I'm still going to bullshit people. Cuz, I'm always teasing people. So that's not going to change, but I'm a little weary of bloody writing books.
All fotos by Red Diaz / Duende Publishing.
Posted in Author Interviews and tagged Being Dead, British Writers, Jim Crace, Journalists, Novelists, Robert Birnbaum. Bookmark the permalink. Trackbacks are closed, but you can post a comment.
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When Exact Replications Are Too Exact: The Lucky-Bounce-Test for Pairs of Exact Replication Studies
May 27, 2015 Power, science, StatisticsBargh, Elderly Stereotype, Exact Replication, Meta-Analysis, Post-Hoc-Power, Power, Priming, Publication Bias, Questionable Research Practices, ReplicationDr. R
Imagine an NBA player has an 80% chance to make one free throw. What is the chance that he makes both free throws? The correct answer is 64% (80% * 80%).
Now consider the possibility that it is possible to distinguish between two types of free throws. Some free throws are good; they don't touch the rim and make a swishing sound when they go through the net (all net). The other free throws bounce of the rim and go in (rattling in).
What is the probability that an NBA player with an 80% free throw percentage makes a free throw that is all net or rattles in? It is more likely that an NBA player with an 80% free throw average makes a perfect free throw because a free throw that rattles in could easily have bounded the wrong way, which would lower the free throw percentage. To achieve an 80% free throw percentage, most free throws have to be close to perfect.
Let's say the probability of hitting the rim and going in is 30%. With an 80% free throw average, this means that the majority of free throws are in the close-to-perfect category (20% misses, 30% rattle-in, 50% close-to-perfect).
What does this have to do with science? A lot!
The reason is that the outcome of a scientific study is a bit like throwing free throws. One factor that contributes to a successful study is skill (making correct predictions, avoiding experimenter errors, and conducting studies with high statistical power). However, another factor is random (a lucky or unlucky bounce).
The concept of statistical power is similar to an NBA players' free throw percentage. A researcher who conducts studies with 80% statistical power is going to have an 80% success rate (that is, if all predictions are correct). In the remaining 20% of studies, a study will not produce a statistically significant result, which is equivalent to missing a free throw and not getting a point.
Many years ago, Jacob Cohen observed that researchers often conduct studies with relatively low power to produce a statistically significant result. Let's just assume right now that a researcher conducts studies with 60% power. This means, researchers would be like NBA players with a 60% free-throw average.
Now imagine that researchers have to demonstrate an effect not only once, but also a second time in an exact replication study. That is researchers have to make two free throws in a row. With 60% power, the probability to get two significant results in a row is only 36% (60% * 60%). Moreover, many of the freethrows that are made rattle in rather than being all net. The percentages are about 40% misses, 30% rattling in and 30% all net.
One major difference between NBA players and scientists is that NBA players have to demonstrate their abilities in front of large crowds and TV cameras, whereas scientists conduct their studies in private.
Imagine an NBA player could just go into a private room, throw two free throws and then report back how many free throws he made and the outcome of these free throws determine who wins game 7 in the playoff finals. Would you trust the player to tell the truth?
If you would not trust the NBA player, why would you trust scientists to report failed studies? You should not.
It can be demonstrated statistically that scientists are reporting more successes than the power of their studies would justify (Sterling et al., 1995; Schimmack, 2012). Amongst scientists this fact is well known, but the general public may not fully appreciate the fact that a pair of exact replication studies with significant results is often just a selection of studies that included failed studies that were not reported.
Fortunately, it is possible to use statistics to examine whether the results of a pair of studies are likely to be honest or whether failed studies were excluded. The reason is that an amateur is not only more likely to miss a free throw. An amateur is also less likely to make a perfect free throw.
Based on the theory of statistical power developed by Nyman and Pearson and popularized by Jacob Cohen, it is possible to make predictions about the relative frequency of p-values in the non-significant (failure), just significant (rattling in), and highly significant (all net) ranges.
As for made-free-throws, the distinction between lucky and clear successes is somewhat arbitrary because power is continuous. A study with a p-value of .0499 is very lucky because p = .501 would have been not significant (rattled in after three bounces on the rim). A study with p = .000001 is a clear success. Lower p-values are better, but where to draw the line?
As it turns out, Jacob Cohen's recommendation to conduct studies with 80% power provides a useful criterion to distinguish lucky outcomes and clear successes.
Imagine a scientist conducts studies with 80% power. The distribution of observed test-statistics (e.g. z-scores) shows that this researcher has a 20% chance to get a non-significant result, a 30% chance to get a lucky significant result (p-value between .050 and .005), and a 50% chance to get a clear significant result (p < .005). If the 20% failed studies are hidden, the percentage of results that rattled in versus studies with all-net results are 37 vs. 63%. However, if true power is just 20% (an amateur), 80% of studies fail, 15% rattle in, and 5% are clear successes. If the 80% failed studies are hidden, only 25% of the successful studies are all-net and 75% rattle in.
One problem with using this test to draw conclusions about the outcome of a pair of exact replication studies is that true power is unknown. To avoid this problem, it is possible to compute the maximum probability of a rattling-in result. As it turns out, the optimal true power to maximize the percentage of lucky outcomes is 66% power. With true power of 66%, one would expect 34% misses (p > .05), 32% lucky successes (.050 < p < .005), and 34% clear successes (p < .005).
For a pair of exact replication studies, this means that there is only a 10% chance (32% * 32%) to get two rattle-in successes in a row. In contrast, there is a 90% chance that misses were not reported or that an honest report of successful studies would have produced at least one all-net result (z > 2.8, p < .005).
Example: Unconscious Priming Influences Behavior
I used this test to examine a famous and controversial set of exact replication studies. In Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996), Dr. Bargh reported two exact replication studies (studies 2a and 2b) that showed an effect of a subtle priming manipulation on behavior. Undergraduate students were primed with words that are stereotypically associated with old age. The researchers then measured the walking speed of primed participants (n = 15) and participants in a control group (n = 15).
The two studies were not only exact replications of each other; they also produced very similar results. Most readers probably expected this outcome because similar studies should produce similar results, but this false belief ignores the influence of random factors that are not under the control of a researcher. We do not expect lotto winners to win the lottery again because it is an entirely random and unlikely event. Experiments are different because there could be a systematic effect that makes a replication more likely, but in studies with low power results should not replicate exactly because random sampling error influences results.
Study 1: t(28) = 2.86, p = .008 (two-tailed), z = 2.66, observed power = 76%
The median power of these two studies is 65%. However, even if median power were lower or higher, the maximum probability of obtaining two p-values in the range between .050 and .005 remains just 10%.
Although this study has been cited over 1,000 times, replication studies are rare.
One of the few published replication studies was reported by Cesario, Plaks, and Higgins (2006). Naïve readers might take the significant results in this replication study as evidence that the effect is real. However, this study produced yet another lucky success.
Study 3: t(62) = 2.41, p = .019, z = 2.35, observed power = 65%.
The chances of obtaining three lucky successes in a row is only 3% (32% *32% * 32*). Moreover, with a median power of 65% and a reported success rate of 100%, the success rate is inflated by 35%. This suggests that the true power of the reported studies is considerably lower than the observed power of 65% and that observed power is inflated because failed studies were not reported.
The R-Index corrects for inflation by subtracting the inflation rate from observed power (65% – 35%). This means the R-Index for this set of published studies is 30%.
This R-Index can be compared to several benchmarks.
An R-Index of 22% is consistent with the null-hypothesis being true and failed attempts are not reported.
An R-Index of 40% is consistent with 30% true power and all failed attempts are not reported.
It is therefore not surprising that other researchers were not able to replicate Bargh's original results, even though they increased statistical power by using larger samples (Pashler et al. 2011, Doyen et al., 2011).
In conclusion, it is unlikely that Dr. Bargh's original results were the only studies that they conducted. In an interview, Dr. Bargh revealed that the studies were conducted in 1990 and 1991 and that they conducted additional studies until the publication of the two studies in 1996. Dr. Bargh did not reveal how many studies they conducted over the span of 5 years and how many of these studies failed to produce significant evidence of priming. If Dr. Bargh himself conducted studies that failed, it would not be surprising that others also failed to replicate the published results. However, in a personal email, Dr. Bargh assured me that "we did not as skeptics might presume run many studies and only reported the significant ones. We ran it once, and then ran it again (exact replication) in order to make sure it was a real effect." With a 10% probability, it is possible that Dr. Bargh was indeed lucky to get two rattling-in findings in a row. However, his aim to demonstrate the robustness of an effect by trying to show it again in a second small study is misguided. The reason is that it is highly likely that the effect will not replicate or that the first study was already a lucky finding after some failed pilot studies. Underpowered studies cannot provide strong evidence for the presence of an effect and conducting multiple underpowered studies reduces the credibility of successes because the probability of this outcome to occur even when an effect is present decreases with each study (Schimmack, 2012). Moreover, even if Bargh was lucky to get two rattling-in results in a row, others will not be so lucky and it is likely that many other researchers tried to replicate this sensational finding, but failed to do so. Thus, publishing lucky results hurts science nearly as much as the failure to report failed studies by the original author.
Dr. Bargh also failed to realize how lucky he was to obtain his results, in his response to a published failed-replication study by Doyen. Rather than acknowledging that failures of replication are to be expected, Dr. Bargh criticized the replication study on methodological grounds. There would be a simple solution to test Dr. Bargh's hypothesis that he is a better researcher and that his results are replicable when the study is properly conducted. He should demonstrate that he can replicate the result himself.
In an interview, Tom Bartlett asked Dr. Bargh why he didn't conduct another replication study to demonstrate that the effect is real. Dr. Bargh's response was that "he is aware that some critics believe he's been pulling tricks, that he has a "special touch" when it comes to priming, a comment that sounds like a compliment but isn't. "I don't think anyone would believe me," he says." The problem for Dr. Bargh is that there is no reason to believe his original results, either. Two rattling-in results alone do not constitute evidence for an effect, especially when this result could not be replicated in an independent study. NBA players have to make free-throws in front of a large audience for a free-throw to count. If Dr. Bargh wants his findings to count, he should demonstrate his famous effect in an open replication study. To avoid embarrassment, it would be necessary to increase the power of the replication study because it is highly unlikely that even Dr. Bargh can continuously produce significant results with samples of N = 30 participants. Even if the effect is real, sampling error is simply too large to demonstrate the effect consistently. Knowledge about statistical power is power. Knowledge about post-hoc power can be used to detect incredible results. Knowledge about a priori power can be used to produce credible results.
Swish!
← The Association for Psychological Science Improves Success Rate from 95% to 100% by Dropping Hypothesis Testing: The Sample Mean is the Sample Mean, Type-I Error 0%	Post-Hoc Power Curves: Estimating the typical power of statistical tests (t, F) in Psychological Science and Journal of Experimental Social Psychology →
3 thoughts on "When Exact Replications Are Too Exact: The Lucky-Bounce-Test for Pairs of Exact Replication Studies"
wonder says:
Here is an interesting blog post about this article and (the lack of?) self-correction in psychological science:
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/rabble-rouser/201505/speed-scientific-self-correction-versus-plate-tectonics
"The problem for Dr. Bargh is that there is no reason to believe his original results, either. "
I wonder what this says about all the researchers who cite this piece of work. Do they themselves really believe it, or do they merely need some source to cite in order to make their own hypotheses plausible? I think the latter could be a very real option.
"If Dr. Bargh wants his findings to count, he should demonstrate his famous effect in an open replication study."
In some way it may still count/ has already counted. The article got/ gets cited a lot (see above link to blog post). Maybe Bargh has gotten prizes for it, and/or received funds because of it.
I don't think it really matters whether an effect is real or not in today's psychological science for a psychological scientist to be successful (in a lot of ways). This case may be seen as evidence for that thought…
For me, it just makes me wonder how to prevent all of this from happening in the first place. And from what I (try to) understand, perhaps having 1) high-powered studies and 2) pre-registration of analyses plans could help with that. Therefore, I reason these 2 things should become mandatory in order to prevent wasting time, money, and resources on fluke results.
NaiveScientist says:
Reblogged this on Naive Scientist.
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