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Arab Barometer
The Arab Barometer was established in 2005 by scholars in the Arab world and the United States. Leadership was initially provided by the University of Michigan and Princeton University in the U.S. and by universities and research centers in Jordan, Palestine, Morocco, Algeria and Kuwait. In 2010, a partnership was formed with the Arab Reform Initiative (ARI: www.arab-reform.net) in order to expand the project's scope and range of activities, building off ARI's regional survey work carried out in 2006-2008.
The Arab Barometer was developed in consultation with the Global Barometer project, a network composed of regional barometers in Latin America, Sub-Saharan, East Asia and South Asia (http://www.globalbarometer.net/). Like other regional Barometers, the objectives of the Arab Barometer are to produce scientifically reliable data on the politically-relevant attitudes of ordinary citizens, to disseminate and apply survey findings in order to contribute to political reform, and to strengthen institutional capacity for public opinion research.
URL: http://arabbarometer.org/ All Users
Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA)
The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) strives to democratize access to the best data on religion. Founded as the American Religion Data Archive in 1997 and going online in 1998, the initial archive was targeted at researchers interested in American religion. The targeted audience and the data collection have both greatly expanded since 1998, now including American and international collections and developing features for educators, journalists, religious congregations, and researchers. Data included in the ARDA are submitted by the foremost religion scholars and research centers in the world. Currently housed in the Social Science Research Institute, the College of Liberal Arts, and the Department of Sociology at the Pennsylvania State University, the ARDA is funded by the Lilly Endowment, the John Templeton Foundation, Chapman University and the Pennsylvania State University.
URL: http://www.thearda.com/ All Users
There is a lot of data on the site. Some of it is ours and much of it comes from RetroSheet.org.
URL: http://www.baseball-reference.com/ All Users
Canadian Post-secondary Performance Indicators
What is the relationship between performance and cost? In this full report, you'll find 34 indicators of university performance, organized into three sub-components: access, value to students and value to society. Here you may select them all or choose your own custom subset from the indicators, in the bubble chart explore performance relative to money spent and compare performance across the country in the map view.
URL: http://postsecondaryperformance.ca/Default?sector=U All Users
Center for International Development at Harvard University (CID)
The Center for International Development (CID) at Harvard University is a university-wide center that works to advance the understanding of development challenges and offer viable solutions to problems of global poverty. The CID is Harvard's leading research hub focusing on resolving the dilemmas of public policy associated with generating stable, shared, and sustainable prosperity in developing countries.
URL: http://www.cid.harvard.edu/ciddata/ciddata.html All Users
CIHI: Quick Stats
Quick Stats are a series of free, publicly available, reports that provide aggregate-level data about health care in Canada. Unless otherwise indicated, the original data is provided to CIHI by Canada's provinces and territories.
You can view this data in two different ways:
An interactive format lets you manipulate how you see the health system information. Choose from specific time frames, diagnosis groups, hospital types and so on.
A static format has information in tables that are easy to print.
URL: https://www.cihi.ca/en/quick-stats All Users
(-) Society and Community (142)
All Users (153)
(-) Canada (102)
Open Data (110)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In an interview, EU currency commissioner Pierre Moscovici, 57, discusses efforts in Brussels to ensure that Greece remains in the euro zone and why he believes a Greek exit would be a disaster for Europe.
EU currency commissioner Pierre Moscovici: "We cannot forget that a Grexit would have serious consequences for us."
SPIEGEL: Mr. Moscovici, why should anyone believe that you, as the EU currency commissioner, will push through the euro stability criteria? During the entire time you served as finance minister in Paris, the French budget deficit was always over the permitted 3 percent.
Moscovici: Between 2012, when I entered office as finance minister, and 2013, France reduced its budget deficit from around 5 percent of gross domestic product to 4.1 percent despite a difficult economic situation. But I am not sitting in front of you as the French finance minister, but rather as the EU currency commissioner. In this function, I represent the interests of the European Union. I make decisions that must be approved by the entire College of Commissioners and are based on set rules. My political past doesn't play any role.
SPIEGEL: In the debt negotiations with Greece, you have tended to be lenient. You followed a weak line despite the fact that the euro-zone member states are liable for the money that has been lent. Why?
Moscovici: The Commission negotiated as an honest broker! After all, all of us in Europe are in agreement that a Grexit would be a catastrophe -- for the Greek economy but also for the entire euro zone. There's more to it than just a common exchange rate zone -- it's a currency union. If a country leaves this union, the market will immediately wonder what country will come next, and that could be the beginning of the end.
SPIEGEL: Such an apocalyptical view mean the Greeks can simply go on placing additional demands -- because, according to your logic, the euro zone would be far worse off without them.
Moscovici: Read the agreement that we reached with Athens very closely. In it, the Greek government explicitly recognizes the monitoring of its institutions by the Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund. In addition to further reforms, it also commits to generate a primary surplus in order to eliminate its debt step by step. Do these results really sound like successful blackmail?
SPIEGEL: Yet the possibility of a third bailout package of up to €20 billion is already under discussion.
Moscovici: Before we discuss that, we first need to complete the review of the current bailout program so that we can disburse the funds remaining in it.
SPIEGEL: Member states like Spain, Portugal and Ireland, which had to implement tough reforms in exchange for bailouts, oppose further aid for Greece.
Moscovici: I can well understand these countries' frustration. Eighteen finance ministers in the Euro Group recently made extremely clear to Mr. Varoufakis that the Greek government should not just be thinking about its voters -- it must also take into consideration those in the other EU member states. The finance minister of one Baltic state pointed out that Greece is insisting on increasing its minimum wage by 20 percent despite the fact that the (minimum wage) in his country is only half as high. It is difficult to convey to people there why they should be paying.
SPIEGEL: Perhaps this frustration is also based on the fact that the Greek government is heating up the situation with constant new demands. Shortly after the agreement, Greek Finance Minister Varoufakis again demanded a debt haircut.
Moscovici: What's more important to me is that Varoufakis wrote in an official letter to the Euro Group that it recognizes the monitoring by the institutions. That counts much more than any interview he gives.
SPIEGEL: Are you similarly optimistic about the reform list that Athens has presented? After all, the Greek government constantly makes promises that it doesn't keep.
Moscovici: That's going too far. Not enough has happened, that much is true. But we have to work together with the Greek government to change precisely that. What's the alternative?
SPIEGEL: What could this alternative look like if, as you portray it, a Greek exit from the euro is not an option?
Moscovici: We cannot forget that a Grexit would have serious consequences for us. But I am convinced that we can keep the country in the euro zone -- and that we can also insist on a comprehensive reform program.
SPIEGEL: Greece is not the only problem child in the euro zone. France has violated the euro Stability Pact for the past seven years. Why did the Commission nonetheless decide to give Paris another two years to get its deficit down to 3 percent of gross domestic product?
Moscovici: Read our decision in its entirety. It keeps up pressure on France. Already this year, the government must markedly reduce its budget deficit, and it has to continue doing so for both of the next two years as well as implement numerous structural reforms. We have in no way given it a free ride, rather, we have formulated very serious conditions.
SPIEGEL: Still, you have more or less ruled out the possibility of extensive fines. You describe sanctions as "collective failure".
Moscovici: That's also true. We want to convince euro member states to improve themselves through reforms. That is precisely what France needs to do now. If we just impose sanctions, then this type of persuasion fails.
SPIEGEL: But one of the lessons of the euro crisis was that stiff punitive measures must be taken against rules violations because otherwise member states won't adhere to their joint agreements.
Moscovici: Only when the objective conditions are present. However, France has definitely made progress in the past two years -- and we are now demanding many further steps in the coming years. That is much more effective than sanctions.
SPIEGEL: How do you justify such optimism? Just last month, French Prime Minister Manuel Valls only managed to push through moderate reforms by issuing a rare emergency decree in the National Assembly in order to bypass parliament.
Moscovici: Should we seriously say to a French government that is finally bringing itself to undertake reforms, "We still don't trust you?" Shouldn't we really be placing greater trust in it right now? The German chancellor, incidentally, also views it this way. She just praised the "impressive reform agenda" of the government in Paris. And, I repeat: This year alone, in order to comply with requirements, France must implemented additional savings of €4 billion by June -- that's no trifling matter.
SPIEGEL: Günther Oettinger, your German colleague on the College of Commissioners, says that France will only be able to achieve that through "creative bookkeeping".
Moscovici: I don't think that choice of words is appropriate. I object to French people openly criticizing Germany and vice-versa when Germans do the same to France. If France and Germany don't trust each other, there's simply no future for Europe.
SPIEGEL: Still, as François Hollande's campaign manager, you publicly stirred up sentiment against Merkel's austerity policies.
Moscovici: Neither President Hollande nor I ever expressed any doubt about the need for France and Germany to work together. But it is also right to remind people that Germany also has a need for reforms. France must become more competitive and reduce its trade deficit. However, Germany received the recommendation from Brussels that it do more to spur investment. That is in Germany's interest and in the interest of the entire euro zone.
What the EU must unify are the laws in business, labor and consumer protection, environmental and insurance, as well social and infrastructural policies - what Wester Europe have developed for generations should be applied to the whole of Europe, but it includes the standard of living - thus the current 'beggar your neighbor' policies of austerity must go in the past - it is not about debt but about inflation: the Central Banks are pouring cash through Quantitative Easing but their books are worked out as in the 18th Century and their distribution trickles-down as in the 19th Century - the system must be attuned to the new realities ASAP!
The actual big risk of a Grexit is that it will be so successful other countries will follow. If the Grexit is successful and a few other nations follow, that will reduce the power of EU bureaucrats. That is what EU bureaucrats care about -- themselves and their power.


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Pawtucket Red Sox Update: Ryan Lavarnway, Justin Germano, Mark Prior
By Marc Normandin@Marc_Normandin Jun 8, 2012, 12:00pm EDT
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Ryan Lavarnway, C
2012 24 Pawtucket IL AAA 194 10 0 5 0 0 22 32 .299 .387 .449
5 Seasons 1795 101 2 82 3 3 207 374 .285 .377 .513
Provided by Baseball-Reference.com: View Original Table
Generated 6/8/2012.
Lavarnway's bat has been mostly quiet at Pawtucket in 2012, but that's not entirely his own doing. He's catching more, as was his need before he becomes a big-league backstop for keeps, and the league was just outright refusing to give him anything he could put his bat on. Lavarnway has proven he can launch a fastball into neighboring Rhode Island towns, so pitchers were going to make him beat them on their secondary offerings. As Lavarnway himself said, via Brian McPherson at the beginning of the month:
"There's no situation where I feel like I'm guaranteed a certain pitch," he said. "There's not a time I feel like I can cheat. That's fine. I'm learning to battle through it."
It's sometimes forgotten that struggles and a dose of failure are oftentimes even better for a prospect than success. It gives them something to work back from, to adjust to, and to improve against. Lavarnway easily answered the challenge of minor-league heaters, and so, he found himself staring at curves and change-ups and sliders and such in 2012. It might have been problematic in terms of power early on, but his walk rate persisted as his eye sharpened, and in the last 10 games it's paid off: Lavarnway owns a .432/.500/.784 line with three of his five homers in that stretch.
His bat might have just awoken from its slumber, despite the paucity of fastballs coming at it, and while that's good news for Lavarnway and Boston's future, it's not such a welcome occurrence for the opposition.
Justin Germano, SP
SO/9
SO/BB
2012 29 Pawtucket IL AAA 2.77 12 68.1 274 0.980 7.9 1.3 0.9 5.7 6.14
13 Seasons 3.76 263 1422.2 5942 1.217 9.4 0.8 1.6 6.8 4.20
Justin Germano has produced well-enough at Triple-A Pawtucket, but let's remember that he's 29 years old, in his 13th season in the minors, and in six years in the majors since 2004, has essentially been replacement level. Cast aside those dreams of Germano as rotation depth, as the command he features against minor-league hitters just doesn't work the same way in the bigs.
If anything, Germano is a potentially useful bullpen piece, but that's likely the extent of things. And, truth be told, this is the wrong organization to be in at the moment if your future is in the bullpen -- get in line behind Mark Melancon, Junichi Tazawa, Clayton Mortensen, and now, likely, the next player in this particular update.
Germano leans a bit flyball, doesn't miss a ton of bats, and while he occasionally has solid control, it isn't enough to compensate. He's the kind of pitcher the Twins might be tempted to try out as a starter, but with Boston, he's the kind of pitcher who is Brandon Duckworth's Triple-A teammate, or a reliever in an emergency. It's hard to see the Red Sox dusting off a 40-man roster spot for Germano, especially given the current crunch there.
Mark Prior, RP
2012 31 Pawtucket IL AAA 0.00 2 2.2 11 1.125 6.8 0.0 3.4 20.2 6.00
7 Seasons 2.50 40 115.0 477 1.017 6.4 0.4 2.7 13.8 5.03
Don't be too excited by 2-2/3 innings pitched by the former phenom. Prior is now 31 years old, and his stuff doesn't have quite the zip on it that it used to back when he was an up-and-coming star. While no one doubts his ability to get outs if he's on the mound, it's that little caveat descriptor tucked into the back-end of that clause that's the real question. Can Prior stay healthy? Given a billion universes, it's possible Prior will be healthy in at least one of them, but it's anyone's guess if this particular reality happens to exist on our level of the Tower, and we won't know for sure until we see it happen for ourselves.
Prior is one of the most-easily rooted for players in the game today, and with Daniel Nava already in the majors, it's no-contest that it's Prior who would make many fans thrilled were he to merit inclusion on the big-league roster. But, as stated above, there's a long line of relievers ahead of him, and even if he might cut in line of everyone but Melancon, Boston's bullpen has done well enough that it's no guarantee Prior does more than pitch in Pawtucket over the next couple of months. Of course, staying healthy long enough to be called up in September would be a victory in and of itself for Prior, who has had little luck doing just that for years now.


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Free Essays Technology And Computing Operating Systems Unix Versions Of Unix And Operating System
Essay About Versions Of Unix And Operating System
Latest Update: June 27, 2021
HardwareOperating Systems
LinuxUnix
Essay Preview: Unix
The UNIX* operating system was designed to let a number of programmers access the computer at the same time and share its resources.
The operating system coordinates the use of the computers resources, allowing one person, for example, to run a spell check program while another creates a document, lets another edit a document while another creates graphics, and lets another user format a document — all at the same time, with each user oblivious to the activities of the others.
The operating system controls all of the commands from all of the keyboards and all of the data being generated, and permits each user to believe he or she is the only person working on the computer.
This real-time sharing of resources make UNIX one of the most powerful operating systems ever.
While initially designed for medium-sized minicomputers, the operating system was soon moved to larger, more powerful mainframe computers. As personal computers grew in popularity, versions of UNIX found their way into these boxes, and a number of companies produce UNIX-based machines for the scientific and programming communities.
The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System*
IThe first version of UNIX was created in 1969 by Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, system engineers at AT&Ts Bell Labs. It went through many revisions and gained in popularity until 1977, when it was first made commercially available by Interactive Systems Corporation.
At the same time a team from the University of California at Berkeley was working to improve UNIX. In 1977 it released the first Berkeley Software Distribution, which became known as BSD. Over time this won favour through innovations such as the C shell.
Meanwhile the AT&T version was developing in different ways. The 1978 release of Version 7 included the Bourne Shell for the first time. By 1983 commercial interest was growing and Sun Microsystems produced a UNIX workstation. System V appeared, directly descended from the original AT&T UNIX and the prototype of the more widely used variant today.
1969 The Beginning The history of UNIX starts back in 1969, when Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and others started working on the "little-used PDP-7 in a corner" at Bell Labs and what was to become UNIX.
1971 First Edition It had a assembler for a PDP-11/20, file system, fork(), roff and ed. It was used for text processing of patent documents.
1973 Fourth Edition It was rewritten in C. This made it portable and changed the history of OSs.
1975 Sixth Edition UNIX leaves home. Also widely known as Version 6, this is the first to be widely available out side of Bell Labs. The first BSD version (1.x) was derived from V6.
1979 Seventh Edition It was a "improvement over all preceding and following Unices" [Bourne]. It had C, UUCP and the Bourne shell. It was ported to the VAX and the kernel was more than 40 Kilobytes (K).
1980 Xenix Microsoft introduces Xenix. 32V and 4BSD introduced.
1982 System III AT&Ts UNIX System Group (USG) release System III, the first public release outside Bell Laboratories. SunOS 1.0 ships. HP-UX introduced. Ultrix-11 Introduced.
1983 System V Computer Research Group (CRG), UNIX System Group (USG) and a third group merge to become UNIX System Development Lab. AT&T announces UNIX System V, the first supported release. Installed base 45,000.
1984 4.2BSD University of California at Berkeley releases 4.2BSD, includes TCP/IP, new signals and much more. X/Open formed.
1984 SVR2 System V Release 2 introduced. At this time there are 100,000 UNIX installations around the world.
1986 4.3BSD 4.3BSD released, including internet name server. SVID introduced. NFS shipped. AIX announced. Installed base 250,000.
1987 SVR3 System V Release 3 including STREAMS, TLI, RFS. At this time there are 750,000 UNIX installations around the world. IRIX introduced.
POSIX.1 published. Open Software Foundation (OSF) and UNIX International (UI) formed. Ultrix 4.2 ships.
1989 AT&T UNIX Software Operation formed in preparation for spinoff of USL. Motif 1.0 ships.
1989 SVR4 UNIX System V Release 4 ships, unifying System V, BSD and Xenix. Installed base 1.2 million.
1990 XPG3 X/Open launches XPG3 Brand. OSF/1 debuts. Plan 9 from Bell Labs ships. 1991 UNIX System Laboratories (USL) becomes a company – majority-owned by AT&T. Linus Torvalds commences Linux development. Solaris 1.0 debuts.
1992 SVR4.2 USL releases UNIX System V Release 4.2 (Destiny). October – XPG4 Brand launched by X/Open. December 22nd Novell announces intent to acquire USL. Solaris 2.0 ships.
1993 4.4BSD 4.4BSD the final release from Berkeley. June 16 Novell acquires USL Late 1993 SVR4.2MP Novell transfers rights to the "UNIX" trademark and the Single UNIX Specification to X/Open. COSE initiative delivers "Spec 1170" to X/Open for fasttrack. In December Novell ships SVR4.2MP , the final USL OEM release of System V
1994 Single UNIX Specification BSD 4.4-Lite eliminated all code claimed to infringe on USL/Novell. As the new owner of the UNIX trademark, X/Open introduces the Single UNIX Specification (formerly Spec 1170), separating the UNIX trademark from any actual code stream.
1995 UNIX 95 X/Open introduces the UNIX 95 branding programme for implementations of the Single UNIX Specification. Novell sells UnixWare business line to SCO. Digital UNIX introduced. UnixWare 2.0 ships. OpenServer 5.0 debuts.
1996 The Open Group forms as a merger of OSF and X/Open.
1997 Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 The Open Group introduces Version 2 of the Single UNIX Specification, including support for realtime, threads and 64-bit and larger processors. The specification is made freely available on the web. IRIX 6.4, AIX 4.3 and HP-UX 11 ship.
1998 UNIX 98 The Open Group introduces the UNIX 98 family of brands, including Base, Workstation and Server. First UNIX 98 registered products shipped by Sun, IBM and NCR. The Open Source movement starts to take off with announcements from Netscape and IBM. UnixWare 7 and IRIX 6.5 ship.
1999 UNIX at 30 The UNIX system reaches its 30th anniversary. Linux 2.2
Versions Of Unix And Operating System. (June 27, 2021). Retrieved from https://www.freeessays.education/versions-of-unix-and-operating-system-essay/


Our tea-room at the Needles Old Battery, has some of the best views of the Needles possible, which means that it's the perfect place to watch the race. You can tuck into a warming breakfast as the yachts sail by, and borrow binoculars to get an even better view.
Normal admission, additional charge for breakfast. Old Battery open as normal until 5pm (last entry 4.30pm).


Compared with the previous book – an excellent excursion into the intricate whys and wherefores of P.A. and a mine of useful and practical information – this one covers further related subjects, such as other pathologies, co-existing with vitamin B12 deficiency and how they can lead to a misdiagnosis; the thorny issue of food fortification; future developments and even, a possible cure.
Martyn Hooper writes on this fascinating subject extremely well, with a chatty style and the natural flair of someone who not only knows exactly what he is writing about but with that extra gift of clarity that makes the reader feel he understands every word!
The background science is well explained and there is the right amount to allow the reader to fully comprehend the functions and ramifications of vitamin B12 and what happens when it all goes horribly wrong.
This book is holistic and all encompassing, discussing not only the detail but the wider context such as increasing population and the need to provide vitamin B12-rich foods – mainly meat, although large portions are quite unnecessary.
This book comes highly recommended and well endorsed by experts. I can only hope that this review does it the justice it deserves, echo the experts' praise and quote, "A must-read for patients and doctors alike.


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Coś zabija dzieciaki (tytuł oryginału: Something Is Killing the Children) – amerykańska seria komiksowa autorstwa Jamesa Tyniona IV (scenariusz) i Werthera Dell'Edery (rysunki), publikowana w anglojęzycznym oryginale w formie miesięcznika od września 2019 przez wydawnictwo Boom! Studios. Polskie tłumaczenie ukazuje się od 2020 w formie tomów zbiorczych nakładem wydawnictwa Non Stop Comics.

Fabuła
W sennym miasteczku Archer's Peak zaczynają znikać dzieci. Te, które się odnalazły, opowiadają, że przetrzymywały je potworne stworzenia. Nadzieją dla miasteczka staje się Erica Slaughter – zabójczyni potworów.

Tomy

Odbiór i wyróżnienia
Seria, pierwotnie zaplanowana jako zamknięta historia w pięciu zeszytach, zyskała wysokie oceny krytyków i czytelników jeszcze przed oficjalną publikacją i została przedłużona o kolejne odcinki. W 2020 jej autorzy zostali nominowani do Nagrody Eisnera w kategorii "najlepsza nowa seria", a w 2022 zdobyli tę nagrodę w kategorii "najlepsza trwająca seria".

Przypisy

Amerykańskie komiksy
Komiksy z gatunku horror
Komiksy fantasy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ah, the centerpiece of the Thanksgiving meal. Also the most stressful part of the Thanksgiving meal. If you want to cook the whole bird – and I get it, it looks awesome – there are a few tips and tricks you can implement to get the best turkey you can roast.
1. Brine. First, the brine. Why brine? Well, brining makes meat juicier. When you brine meat the salt water softens the muscle fibers, so less water is forced out during the cooking process, leading to a juicier piece of meat.
2. Dry + Fat. When you're ready to start cooking, pull the chicken out, rinse it off and thoroughly dry it off. Water = steam, so the dryer the turkey, the crispier the skin. After you dry the bird, coat with oil or butter, which will also make the skin extra crispy.
3. Truss. Trussing is when you use kitchen string to make the turkey as uniform in size as possible. This helps everything to cook at the same rate, so no more undercooked thighs and dry breasts.
4. Rest. Let the turkey rest for at least 20 minutes before slicing into it. This allows the juices to soak back into the bird, rather than just flowing out.
That's it! Good luck and happy roasting.
First, the brine. Add the turkey so it's fully submerged and put the container in the fridge. Let it sit overnight or for at least 6 hours. When you're ready to start cooking, pull the turkey out, rinse it off and thoroughly dry it off.
Mix all of the ingredients for the marinade together, and coat the turkey in the marinade. Let it sit in the marinade in the fridge over night.
Preheat oven to 325 degrees F. Place rack in the lowest position of the oven. Pull the turkey out at least 20 minutes before cooking to take the chill off.
Place the turkey, breast side up, on a rack in the roasting pan. Rub the skin with the softened butter, and season with salt and pepper. Position an aluminum foil tent over the turkey.
Baste all over every 30 minutes with the juices on the bottom of the pan. Remove aluminum foil after 2 1/2 hours. Roast until a meat thermometer inserted in the meaty part of the thigh reads 160 degrees F, about 3 hours total.
Transfer the turkey to a large serving platter, and let it stand for at least 20 minutes before carving.


Prescription Drug Abuse: Are You Making Good Decisions?
Why do you think that people with addiction issues seem to make so many poor choices and become so easily irritated? Research by Dr. Merrill Norton of the University of George tells us that those who experience alcohol or opiate prescription drug abuse beginning in their teens put themselves at high risk of permanent brain damage. This damage halts the development of the brain's prefrontal cortex, which prevents a person from developing mature decision-making skills. They also have difficulty in holding up their own end of emotional adult relationships, and they have little or no ability to control impulses.
Dr. Norton, whose doctorate is in the field of pharmacology, has spent his career studying addiction medicine and also chronic pain management—along with the effects of pain pill addiction on the human brain. He tells us that in the last year, American doctors wrote upwards of a quarter million pain pill prescriptions.
If you're worried that you've been affected by opiate prescription drug abuse, then it's vital to get help now. The prefrontal cortex of the brain finishes its development approximately in its mid-twenties, and it might still be possible to avoid permanent damage or to learn new behaviors as long as you stop taking pain pills.
Most people who get into trouble with opiate prescription pain pill abuse cannot simply stop using the oxycodones, hydrocodones or other pain medications that they're taking because they are so addictive. They also fail to recognize the dangers of taking pain pills, because they believe that the doctor would not prescribe them if they were dangerous.
Sometimes the doctor might start them out on Vicodin and then switch them to Percocet or maybe Tylenol with codeine. The person then thinks that they cannot become addicted because the doctor is switching their medications before that happens. But all of those medications are opiates, and prescription drug abuse happens if you're using any of them.
Yet others begin to crush and snort their pain pills. They think that as long as they aren't shooting up heroin, there is no possible way they can become addicted, but that's just not true. If you're taking pain pills regularly—and you've noticed that they don't do much to help your pain anymore—then you have probably developed an opiate prescription pain pill addiction.
You may have already read about the brain's pleasure and reward system, and how opiates fill the mu receptors that stimulate the brain's reward pathway. However, there is much more to the story of how prescription drug abuse affects the brain.
Dr. Norton begins by discussing three possible pathways through the adolescent years. About 23 percent of teenagers have a smooth ride through those years, he says, with natural instincts about what will or won't work out for them. But most teens have problems to one degree or the other. Some 35 percent of them make unwise decisions some of the time—but for the most part they fare well. The remaining 42 percent of teenagers always choose the bumpiest road. They enjoy the thrills that come from taking risks. They are also prone to isolating themselves from the adults that might provide a calming influence in their lives.
One theory, says Norton, involves the development of the brain's dendrites, the structures that pass along messages and impulses between nerve cells. He likens the brain of a 15-year-old to a house that is under construction. The wiring is all in place, but it's not hooked up yet. If you stay away from prescription drug abuse, the wiring will be completed over the course of the next eight years. By the time a person reaches their mid-twenties, it should all be fully operational.
During those developmental years, the brain's millions of synapses actually decrease, from about 12 million in an 11-year-old to some 4 million in a 16-year-old. Much of this happens with the help of a biochemical called dopamine. But Norton believes many adolescents and young adults feel unsettled from the amount of activity that takes place and they go through extreme periods of highs and lows. Norton theorizes that many of them turn to alcohol or prescription drug abuse in order to self-medicate and calm those feelings of emotional inefficiency. The brain's emotional development grinds to a halt.
The wiring in the brain of the person who abuses alcohol or opiate prescription drugs never gets hooked up, so to speak. Over time, as the person moves through his twenties, his brain loses its ability to continue creating dendrites through the normal learning processes.
The grown adult struggling with prescription drug abuse becomes an emotionally unbalanced person. They fail to find harmony in the world around them, and they remain constantly irritated. They also make decisions based on the reasoning skills of a teenager. Many of their hopes and thoughts focus on themselves and they have difficulty controlling impulses—again, these behaviors are similar to those found in teenagers.
Once the brain's wiring is complete, you cannot engage another electrician to go in and rewire it. If it's faulty, it will remain faulty. However, if you are a twenty-something using alcohol or abusing prescription drugs, it may not be too late for you.
Norton and many other scientists believe that the brain's prefrontal cortex does not complete its development until the brain's corpus collusum connects the brain's hemispheres when the person reaches approximately 30 years of age. If you're still in that age group, it's not too late to stop prescription drug abuse and let your brain finish doing its job. A good methadone or Suboxone treatment program in your neighborhood can provide the help you need.
If you are beyond that age, there are still therapies that might help you develop better reasoning or decision-making skills. Talk to the counselor assigned to your case at the methadone treatment program about techniques such as motivational enhancement interviewing or cognitive behavior therapy.
Learning how to meditate and exploring guided imagery are other ways to adjust negative behaviors. Through these techniques a person can increase their levels of calmness and become adept at taking the time to make good decisions. Stress management exercises or movement classes—going to a gym or practicing yoga—can also help.
Time obviously is important. For the person still in their twenties, it means a chance to stop abusing prescription drugs, form better emotional relationships, and develop improved logic. If you're beyond that age, you've got to stop prescription drug abuse for matters of your own health and also to learn the techniques suggested here. Give your local methadone program a call today to learn how you can get started.


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El steak and kidney pie es una especie de pastel muy popular en la cocina británica que lleva en su interior pedazos pequeños de carne de ternera y sus riñones con una salsa, todo ello cocinado al horno hasta que la masa exterior endurece. Es un plato que se sirve caliente y se considera un entrante habitual en los pubs del Reino Unido (forma parte del pub grub).

Características

La carne de buey empleada en la elaboración de este plato suele ser de tapilla o de espadilla. Suele picarse no muy fina junto a los riñones de ternera. Al relleno del pastel suele añadírsele papas en rodajas, perejil cortado fino, pimienta negra y caldo de carne. La masa que se emplea para la corteza suele llevar harina, maicena o beurre manié. Un kilo de pie suele necesitar una hora de horno (a una temperatura de 120°C).

A pesar de ser una comida artesanal, actualmente pueden encontrarse en los supermercados variantes ya preparadas y listas para meter en el horno.

Variantes

Una variante es el steak and kidney pudding, que tiene un contenido cárnico similar pero se cocina de diferentes formas.

Véase también

 Pub grub
 Empanada
 Shepherd's pie

Notas

Enlaces externos

 Receta de steak and kidney pie en BBC en línea
 Receta de steak and kidney pie en Recipes Wiki

Gastronomía de Reino Unido
Platos de ternera
Casquería


LINKS | West Virginia Writers, Inc.
Below are links to the websites and books of the members of West Virginia Writers, Inc. as provided by our members. If you are a member of West Virginia Writers and your links are not listed, and you would like them to be, please send them to our webmaster at eric.fritzius@gmail.com.
author of The Well Ain't Dry Yet, The Bingo Cheaters, Buckle Up, Buttercup, and Jackson Vs. Witchy Wanda: Making Kid Soup.
Pilgrim of the Neo-Dark Ages.
Banks, Jay the late author of Frontier Surgeon and House Calls in the Hills.
Bentley, Laura Treacy author of Lake Effect and The Silver Tattoo.
Berry, Daleen author of Sister of SIlence, Shatter the Silence, Tales of the Vintage Berry Wine Gang, and co-author of Pretty Little Killers.
Boyd, Daniel filmmaker, academic, and author of the graphic novels Carbon, Chillers, and co-author with William Bitner of Death Falcon vs. The Zombie Slug Lords.
Brown, David author of Serendipity Hollow, Gap Hollow, Sandlick Hollow, (the Hollow Trilogy) and Concrete Girl.
Byrne, J.D. author of The Last Ereph, and Other Stories, Moore Hollow, The Destiny Engine, the Water Road Trilogy.
Campbell, Shirley Young original founder of West Virginia Writers, Inc., and author of Coal & People and Scribbling and More: A Collection.
Cassity, Brittney former WVW board member and author of the children's books Clyde the Undead Dust Bunny, Fiddlebug, Sheridan Starswimmer, Queen Calla's Heroes.
Congdon, Jane is a professional writer and editor. She is co-author with her brother of Mr. Joe: Tales from a Haunted Life, from Bettie Youngs Books. Jane's 2011 memoir is called It Started with Dracula: The Count, My Mother, and Me. Visit her website at http://www.janecongdon.com/. and her blog at So Write!
Davis, Adda Leah Golden Harvest Creations is the website for Adda Leah Davis, author of A Fatal Love of Place, A Fatal Web of Deceit, The Whisperer, Lucinda's Mountain, Abigail's Redemption, Jason's Journey, The Beckoning Hills, Farther Along, Caleb's Song, and more.
Davis, Ed author of I Was So Much Older Then, The Measure of Everything, Time of the Light, Aftermath: Stories of Secrets and Consequences, Dots on a Map, Sweet Tea and Afternoon Tales, and The Psalms of Israel Jones.
Dean, Miles poet and author of the collections Furrows on Parchment, Musings After Midnight and New River Reflections.
DeBerry, Mary Lucille poet and author of Bertha Butcher's Coat and Alice Saw the Beauty.
DeLauder, A.J. playwright from Aurora, WV. Learn more about his plays and read his blog at AJDWrites.com.
Denise, Cheryl poet and author of the collections I Saw God Dancing and What's in the Blood.
Depta, Victor Poet, playwright, and editor in chief at Blair Mountain Press.
Sarah Dooley author of Livvie Owen Lived Here; Body of Water; and Free Verse.
Ellis, Gena Screenwriter, producer and author of Angela's Decision: A Journey of Adaptation.
Fischer, F. Ethan the late poet, radio personality, former board member for WVW, and author of Beached in the Hourglass.
Flerx, Teresa journalist and author of Disequilibrium and the Multi-Faceted Crystal Ball.
Freeburn, Christina author of the Scrap This Mystery Series, and the New Beginning Series.
Frisk, Dreama author of the novel Before We Left the Land and the poetry collection Ivory Hollyhock.
Fritzius, Eric WVW secretary, former president, podcast host, webmaster, and author of the collection A Consternation of Monsters and host of the Consternation of Monsters Podcast.
Fuller, G. Cameron author of Full Bone Moon, and co-author with Daleen Berry of The Savage Murder of Skylar Neese: The Truth Behind the Headlines and Pretty Little Killers: The Truth Behind the Savage Murder of Skylar Neese.
Good, Crystal Affrilachian poet and author of the poetry collection Valley Girl.
Hanson, Pam author with her mother Barbara Barbara Andrews of Hometown Reunion, Family Heirlooms, All Things New, and other romance novels.
Harshbarger, Dwight author of In the Heart of the Hills: A Novel in Stories, Valley at Risk: Shelter in Place, and Witness at Hawk's Nest.
Harshman, Marc current West Virginia Poet Laureate, author of Local Journeys; Green-Silver and SIlent: Poems; Believe What You Can; and the many children's books.
Hash, John publisher at Wiltshire Books LLC and author of Honey Branches: The Meade Estate; Starkeeper; Lero's Mission; Go Get Nadja; Flight to Oblivion; Falcon Strike; Module 18; Lero Six and Grid Strike.
Hayley Mitchell Haugen is author of the poetry collection Light & Shadow, Shadow & Light, Main Street Rag, 2018, and editor of the literary journal and press Sheila-Na-Gig online.
Holstein, "Granny Sue" storyteller and blogger for Granny Sue's News & Reviews and creator of the storytelling album Beyond the Grave, Ghost Stories from the Mountains.
Hosby, Yawatta author of When the Lights Go Out, One By One, Plenty of Fish, Twisted Obsession, and Something's Amiss. Read her blog at Yawatta Hosby, a Writer's Blog.
Hueguenin, Tim author of Little One, When the Watcher Shakes.
Jordan, Norman the late poet, actor, activist, and author of Where Do People in Dreams Come From?: And Other Poems; Sing Me Different; The Muntu Poets of Cleveland; The Muntu Poets of Cleveland, Vol 2.
Joy, Jonathan playwright, academic and author of Short Plays & Monologues, American Standard, and A Bitsy and Boots Holiday Special.
Kelly, T. Byron poet, painter, musician, and member of the Ghost House Studio, Spectral Arts, The Spooks-VA., WVArts, the Appalachian Writers Association (A.W.A.), the Appalachian Authors' Guild (A.A.G.), West Virginia Writers, Inc., the Virginia Writers Club. Author of Poems of the Infinite Dream, Project End Of Days: Selected Poems, Va. West Va.: Selected Poems, & New Selected Poems of T.Byron Kelly.
Judd, Kirk founding member of West Virginia Writers, Inc., poet, co-editor of Wild Sweet Notes, and author of the collection My People was Music.
Kirk, Ruth Lynn author of The Almost Christmas Pony.
Knost, Michael editor with Woodland Press, author of the book The Return of the Mothman, and editor of Writers Workshop of Horror, Writers Workshop of Science Fiction and Fantasy, and Author's Guide to Marketing with Teeth.
Lewis, Richard A. the late author of the collection Naked Man's Rock, as well as former WVW parliamentarian, treasurer.
Manilla, Marie author of Still Life With Plums and The Patron Saint of Ugly.
Marcum, Michele Zirkle newspaper opinion columnist and author of Rain No Evil and host of the podcast Life Speaks - Are you Listening? See her interview with Eliot Parker on his show Chapters. And hear her interview on the nationally syndicated radio showCoast to Coast AM.
Maynard, Lee the infamous friend of WVW, and author of Crum, Screamin' with the Cannibals, The Scummers, Magnetic North, Cinco Becknell and The Pale Light of Sunset.
McCombs, Lisa A. author of, Abby, Rasberry Beret, Opening Pandora's Box:The Conclusion, and I Have MS, What's Your Superpower? and the blogger of Lisa's Page: My MS, MyStory.
McKernan, Llewellyn poet and author of Short and Simple Annals: Poems About Appalachia' and Llewellyn McKernan's Greatest Hits.
McKinney, Irene the late West Virginia Poet Laureate, academic, and author of the collections Vivid Companion, Have You Had Enough Darkness Yet?, Six O'Clock Mine Report, The Girl with the Stone in Her Lap, and Unthinkable.
McKinney, Nadine author of Eyes in the Attic.
McNemar, T.W. the late writer, author of Ragdoll Angel and So This Is Christmas, and former president of West Virginia Writers, Inc.
McTaggart, Daniel poet, writer, author of Diner Poems, Midnight Muse in a Convenience Store, and editor of Diner Stories: Off the Menu.
Minney, Lisa Hayes writer and editor.
Nulton, Jason author of To War With the 4th. Find his work on Medium and Task & Purpose.
Parker, Eliot WVW First Vice President, academic, host of the Armstrong TV show Chapters, and author of Fragile Brilliance, Breakdown at Clear River, the Prospect, and Making Arrangements.
Pittman, Patsy editor and author of the books Blood Kin & Other Strangers and Pocket Change.
Pitzer, Keith & Joan musicians with multiple WVW Conference Appearances, creators of the albums Gathering Stones and West Virginia Serenade. Keith passed in 2009.
Pleska, Cat publisher at Mountain State Press, and author of Riding on Comets: A Memoir.
Redling, S.G. author of Flowertown, Baggage, Redemption Key, The Widow File, Damocles, Braid, Ourselves.
Richter, Jeremy F. playwright and composer from Wheeling, and co-founder of the Independent Theatre Collective. Author of the stage productions Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, an adaptation of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol; Changing Game, co-written with Ron Scott, Jr.; Political Little One (2nd Place winner of 2014 Joe McCabe Memorial Playwriting Competition, WV Writers); [best imitation]; Catch & Release.
Rose, Daniel author of Hot Flashes, The Lodestone, The Land of Nod, The Book of Able, The Coming of Cain, Home on the Ridge, Dogs at Large, Detour from Duvousky, It Remains to Be Seen, and Excavations from a Blue Room.
Seaton, Carter Taylor author of the books Hippie Homesteaders, amo, amas, amat... an unconventional love story, and Father's Trouble$.
Seplocha, Charles author of He Called me Joe, and Leonardo: The Genius of the Renaissance Returns.
Smart, Janet Award-winning author of Duck and Cover, Cooking with Family: Recipes and Remembrances, and Fun Through the Seasons.
Smith, Cole ColeSmithWrites is the site for writer and blogger Nicole Smith, the author of the WV-set mystery Waiting for Jacob.
Smucker, Anna Egan children's book author of such titles as Brother Giovanni's Little Reward: How the Pretzel Was Born, Golden Delicious: A Cinderella Apple Story, No Star Nights, Outside the Window, To Keep the South Manitou Light, History of West Virginia.
Smith, Barbara founding member of West Virginia Writers, Inc., longtime editor of Grab-A-Nickel, co-editor of Wild Sweet Notes, and author of the books Chick Flicks and Through the Glass among other books.
Smith, Rodney author of the blog Hope After Traumatic Brain Injury, My Journey Back From the Edge.
Squires, M. Lynne WV Writers newsletter editor and author of Letters to My Son: Reflections of Urban Appalachia at Mid Century, Mid-Century Recipes from Cocktails to Comfort Food, Writers on Writing: Daily Inspiration for Writers, and Looking Back at Charleston.
Tarantini, Diane writer and blogger at Caught Butterflies.
Tritt, Sandy former WV Writers President, writer, author of Everything I Know and The Plain English Writers Workbook, and CEO of the Inspiration for Writers editing service.
Walker, Pops musician, friend of WV Writers, WVW Podcast Music composer, and entertainer at multiple WVW Summer Conferences. He is the musician behind the albums Milepost 5, Cuttin' In Line at the Karmic Buffet, Live 'n Drivin' On, The Crum Session, and author of the books Messages Without Melodies, Vol 1 and 2.
White, Rhonda Browning former WVW Secretary, writer, editor, and blogger of READ. WRITE. LIVE!
Whittington, Barbara blogger at Writing- The Ups and Downs and author of the novel Vada Faith.
Wild Ponies/Doug & Telisha Williams musicians with multiple appearances at the WVW Conference.
Withrow, Dolly founding member of West Virginia Writers, Inc., academic, and author of More than Penny Candy, Beyond the Apple Orchard and other books.
Yoho, R.G. WVW Parliamentarian, and author of Death Comes to Redhawk; Long Ride to Yesterday; Death Rides the Rail; Return to Matewan; The Evil Day; America's History is His Story; Nightfall over Nicodemus; Major Impact.


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Well, look what fancy thing came to our little town!
A one ring circus complete with elephant rides, greasy treats and kitschy souveniers swept in all amazingly fast, setting up at the park across the street from my parents' house, and vanished just as quick the very next morning.
To be honest, I wasn't expecting much and prepared myself as I sat down on a hard metal bench in a steamy overcrowded tent to grit my teeth and just get through it (the noise, the cheesy acts), for the sake of my children.
I'll tell you what, though... those performers blew us all away! They had some crazy mad acrobatic, fire eating, juggling, rope spinning, you name it, skills! I was fascinated by them. Who are these talented people living in trailers and traveling like gypsies?
Farewell, you "one night only" magical source of timeless enchantment!
And now back to our regularly scheduled work week.


Hello! I'm Carissa and I am so glad you are visiting the blog and have bravely entered into this crazy mess of being a wife, a mom, and serving the body of Christ. My husband Matt and I have been married for 14 years and have experienced our fair share of ups and downs. We have relocated several times, grown together in the Lord, and experienced the sometimes harsh circumstances life throws our way. He is my best friend and biggest cheerleader. My three children, ages 9, 8, and 5, keep me in the Word and on my knees, as nothing humbles me more in this life than motherhood. Those three bring me more joy than I ever imagined possible.
Five years ago, I began serving with my mother in love in a ministry called My Journey of Faith, I began as the editor of My Journey of Faith Magazine and now serve as President of My Journey of Faith Ministries. This ministry has been a gift from the Lord that has allowed me the opportunity live out my passion of listening to the stories of others and offering discipleship and encouragement to those who are hurting. I have an undergraduate degree in Psychology and a Master's in Social Work and have known from elementary school that I love to listen to the stories of others in order to understand why they are who they are. I am a passionate advocate for spiritual and mental health- two areas that are never mutually exclusive.
I worked as a Clinician in child and family therapy before leaving the workforce to serve my family as a stay at home mother nine years ago, but over those years I have had the honor of leading Bible Studies from my home as well as mentoring and discipling others. I am currently in my final year of working towards a Masters in Biblical and Theological Studies through Dallas Theological Seminary and am eager to see where God leads me in the call he has designed for my life. The passions of my heart are discipleship and the studying and teaching God's Word, a passion I long to make contagious for others.
My hope, as you read the stories shared here, is that you will see a woman like you, struggling to do life well but making messes in the process. I hope you see the grace of Jesus play out in my life over and over again because it is only by HIS grace I am who I am (1 Corinthians 15:10). And I hope you will be encouraged to live out your own mess with authenticity while accepting all the grace Jesus has to give.


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Home > Blood Pressure > Stroke Affecting Younger People Worldwide, Study Shows
Stroke Affecting Younger People Worldwide, Study Shows
By LadyLively on October 24, 2013
THURSDAY, Oct. 24Stroke rates among young and middle-aged people worldwide are increasing and these groups now account for nearly one-third of all strokes, according to a new study.
The analysis of data gathered between 1990 and 2010 found that the number of strokes among people aged 20 to 64 rose 25 percent during that time, and that this age group now accounts for 31 percent of the total number of strokes, compared with 25 percent before 1990.
More than 83,000 people aged 20 and younger suffer a stroke each year and account for 0.5 percent of all strokes worldwide, according to the study published Oct. 23 in The Lancet.
The amount of disability, illness and premature death caused by stroke worldwide is projected to more than double by 2030, according to a journal news release.
Another new study, published in The Lancet Global Health, found that more than 61 percent of stroke-related disability and nearly 52 percent of stroke deaths are caused by hemorrhagic (bleeding) strokes, even though these types of strokes are half as common as ischemic strokes, in which blood flow to the brain is blocked.
People most affected by bleeding strokes are those younger than 75 and those in low- and middle-income countries, where rates of this type of stroke have risen by about 19 percent, the investigators noted in the news release.
Unless effective preventive measures are quickly implemented, stroke rates among young and middle-aged people worldwide are likely to increase, according to study leader Valery Feigin, director of the National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences at AUT University in New Zealand, and a team of international colleagues.
Among their other findings were the following:
The average age of stroke patients increased slightly between 1990 and 2010, but most of the burden of stroke — illness and death — has shifted from people older than 75 to those 74 and younger. This group accounts for 62 percent of new strokes, 45 percent of deaths, and 72 percent of illness and disability.
The rate of people who die from stroke declined worldwide during the study period, but the actual number of stroke-related deaths increased 26 percent to 5.9 million.
The number of people who suffered a first stroke rose 68 percent to 16.9 million in 2010, the number of stroke survivors rose 84 percent to 33 million, and the number of people with stroke-related illness and disability increased 12 percent to 102 million.
If present trends persist, stroke deaths, survivors, and disability and illness will more than double by 2030 — to 12 million, 70 million and 200 million, respectively.
Stroke rates in high-income countries fell 12 percent, stroke-related deaths fell 37 percent, and stroke-related illness and disability fell 36 percent between 1990 and 2010. In contrast, low- and middle-income countries had a 42 percent higher death rate from stroke and experienced 46 percent more stroke-related illness and disability than did higher-income countries.
"Despite some improvements in stroke prevention and management in high-income countries, the growth and aging of the global population is leading to a rise in the number of young and old patients with stroke," Maurice Giroud, Agnes Jacquin and Yannick Bejot from the University of Burgundy in France, wrote in an accompanying editorial in The Lancet.
"Urgent preventive measures and acute stroke care should be promoted in low-income and middle-income countries, and the provision of chronic stroke care should be developed worldwide," the editorialists suggested.
Graeme Hankey, from the University of Western Australia, wrote an accompanying editorial in The Lancet Global Health.
"Key priorities in the quest to reduce the global and regional burden of stroke are prevention of hemorrhagic stroke, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, and in people younger than 75 years," Hankey noted.
"Population-based mass strategies to reduce consumption of salt, calories, alcohol and tobacco by improving education and the environment will complement high-risk strategies of identifying those at risk of hemorrhagic (and ischemic) stroke," Hankey wrote.
All these strategies would empower at-risk people "to improve their lifestyle behaviors and, if necessary, lower their mean blood pressure and blood pressure variability with appropriate doses of antihypertensive [blood pressure-lowering] drugs," Hankey concluded.
The U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke has more about stroke.


Dlaczego Ja, Panie: Why Me, Lord? A Polish original, which really is as pink as it looks. Actually, it's pinker, for the pages are also pink! This book was originally published with the first Polish pressing of an Elvis CD. The cover artwork reproduces a modernist representation of Elvis, playing a rather strangely shaped red guitar.


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Secret Invasion Review – "Secret Invasion: Home Invasion"
Tomorrow I'll review the "Dark Reign" special, if all goes as planned. 'Tis the season for hard to hit deadlines.
Title: Secret Invasion: Home Invasion
Author: Ivan Brandon
Illustrator(s): Nick Postic (art), Chris Sotomayor and J. Brown (colours)
Cover Price: Part of a subscription to Marvel Digital comics. $14.99 US for the trade paperback version due in January.
Marvel was experimenting with a new online content delivery system with this series. Marvel digital comics subscribers can get the entire series here now, where it was scheduled to be released a page at a time each Monday, Wednesday and Friday during the Secret Invasion. The last page was posted on Friday, December 12. The other half of the experiment was only online; the story doesn't begin on page one. Rather, it picks up after the events of the 18 chapter myspace series which can be viewed here. Viewers didn't know it was related to any Marvel product of any kind until the 18th chapter went online. It's an interesting idea, but it has one drawback. If I buy a paper copy of a comic, no change in technology will prevent me from reading that copy ten years from now. Online formats change, and online sites gain and lose popularity. Printing the TPB helps somewhat, but there's no guaranteed way to have perpetual access to the myspace page, meaning you can buy the TPB and find yourself unable to reread the start of the story a few years down the road.
Kinsey Walden is a typical high school girl, with a highly atypical brother. In fact, he's a Skrull, and is serving as an agent of a large scale invasion going on right now. Kinsey has to try and protect her friends while seeking her brother out to save him.
Nick Fury's level of patience for a typical high school girl. He's such a great character, I don't understand why it's been so hard to find a keep a writer that can keep his own series going. (Here's hoping Hickman's upcoming "Secret Warriors" breaks that trend.)
Sasquatch was used here at the last minute, but he doesn't seem to be used the way he was being set up for use in the past few years. I can't help but wonder if he'd have had a very different role in the invasion had "Omega Flight" maintained enough sales to keep its original ongoing status.
The content is original, given that it focusses on a new, non-super character, and has a unique role in the invasion that her brother fits into. Most of the originality is in the publication methods, but the story has new elements to it. Sadly, the execution isn't quite what it needs to be to properly exploit these elements. I give it 5 out of 6.
The artwork is stiff, overly inked, and just plain ugly. Character appearances aren't consistent, everyone's got perfect posture throughout undermining the emotional tone of the story, and the inked lines are so thick that detail is often lost. There are even a couple of points where the dialogue is hard to follow due to the placement of the speech balloons. It's good enough to convince me that the artist will produce quality material a few years from now if he continues to refine and improve his craft, but he's not there today. I give it 3 out of 6.
The story is a bit weak. Much of it seems to be a result of awkward moments that were geared for the online delivery format. The writer had to try too hard to have cliffhangers each page to keep readers coming back regularly for the next portion of the story. There are numerous cameos that go on too long, and don't do enough to move the story forward to justify their presence. Yes, the appearances by the Young Avengers, Nick Fury and his Commandos, Captain Marvel (Monica Rambeau version) and Sasquatch eached moved things forward, but they often didn't do so efficiently enough to warrant their extensive use in the story. I give it 4 out of 6.
The characterization of Wiccan, Hulkling, Fury, and Kinsey is generally well done. The others get a little single dimensional. I give it 4 out of 6.
The emotional response was weak. The online reading format Marvel has is one I find irritating. Pages turn too slowly, zoom levels aren't as responsive as a keyboard-driven PDF reader as I use for the GIT Corp releases, and it's hard enough to jump back in to the last page you read as new pages are added that I gave up on regular reading during issue 1 and just came back to read the whole series in one sitting once it was completed. These frustrations in the reading continually took me out of the story. I understand that Marvel wants to move from PDF to a proprietary format to reduce piracy, but they should continue developing their viewer to maintain the features that one can find in a regular PDF viewer. The single key jumps around pages and between zoom levels that I use in Adobe Acrobat Reader and KPDF are missing from the online viewer, and I doubt I'm going to read many of the comics until they come in. I'll maintain my subscription for access to original content and some of the archival stuff I don't have in printed collections, but I'm not using it nearly as often as I could be. The fact that I've now spent so much space talking about the reader instead of the content I'm reviewing should say a lot about how distracting the technological limitations are. When my TPB arrives I'll read and return to this review to add the feedback from that perspective, but right now, the irritations of the reading process outweigh the enjoyment of the story itself. (Marvel has free sample issues available at their digital comics website if you want to check some out and form your own opinions of the viewer.) I give it 2 out of 6.
The flow is hindered by many of the same technological issues that the emotional reponse has. Even simple things, like having a link at the end of issue n that takes you directly to issue n+1 would help maintain the momentum of the online reader format. Right now, it's a choppy read. Again, I'll return to this review with new comments when I've got the paper version. I give it 3 out of 6.
Overall, it's a worthwhile experiment in the content delivery model, but I wouldn't bother subscribing unless you know there's enough other content available to keep you going, and that you're okay with the way the current reader works. (I say "current" because Marvel has upgraded the reader in the past, and there's nothing that prevents them from doing so again.) I give it 4 out of 6.
In total, Secret Invasion: Home Invasion receives 25 out of 42.
Secret Invasion: Dark Reign: December 10
← Terminator Salvation Trailer now available Weekly Digital Disc Picks – December 16, 2008 →


March is a such a great month. There are so many things to be happy about. Asheley's birthday is almost here. That means celebrating with lots of good food, surrounded by our family and friends. We actually also made a reservation for the two of us to celebrate at Eleven Madison Park in NYC. We are super excited about that.
The sun is beginning to stretch out it's light ever so slightly. I wake up and it's actually not pitch black. My drive home is spent in warm sunshine. This month builds up my anticipation for all the good things that comes with spring.
But as much as I can't wait for nicer weather and long sunny days spent outside at my grill and in the vegetable garden, I will definitely miss the warming, winter comfort food that Asheley and I have been grasping onto these past couple months.
We've been on this tomato soup binge recently. It's quick. It's easy. It's no fuss, delicious, homey, make me forget about the frigid weather outside type of food. This creamy tomato – basil soup hits the spot, especially with a side of extra-gooey grilled cheese. I make the soup. Asheley's totally in charge of the grilled cheese. I get yelled at for using too much butter (like there is such a thing as too much butter).
It's incredible how easy this soup is to make and how quick it comes together. You can whip it up on a busy weeknight, when you have a bunch of other tasks to accomplish as you cook. It's definitely a multi-tasking friendly sort of dinner. You don't need to constantly stand over it the entire time. Get it started, do a couple things you have to get done, come back and stir once in awhile. Bam. Dinner.
If you're a weekend cooking fiend like me, you can make this soup ahead of time for extra fast weeknight dinners. The soup refrigerates and freezes very well. I have a stash of it in the freezer right now.
Have I mentioned I'm totally in love with my new immersion blender. Not just like it. Maybe even not just love. It's a gotta have it sort of relationship at this point. My immersion blender is such a time saver, both in cooking and cleanup. And I feel rather manly, almost as if I'm at the helm of a big, burly power tool. Little do you know that's as big and burly as I get.
If you don't have an immersion blender, you need one. You know you do. They are as much fun as they are extremely practical. And surprisingly, quite affordable. Check them out here: Immersion Blenders.
You could also use a blender to purée the soup. It works just as well. Or just skip the puréeing step entirely. It adds a bit of rustic texture to the soup if you're into the sort of thing.
You have a couple options for serving the soup. For parties, I like to serve the soup in small micro-bowls. It makes for a perfect little appetizer. A couple tiny basil leaves to garnish is a nice touch.
I recently had some leftover pesto in the fridge, so a dollop of that (along with some freshly ground black pepper) became a fun garnish one night.
But my trusty standby, the way I typically serve up this soup, is with a pinch of cracked black pepper and a good sprinkling of freshly grated Parmigiana Reggiano cheese. Go for the good stuff. The processed parmesan cheese in those tubular containers just isn't the same.
If you're Asheley, you will add about half a block of cheese to your bowl. She loves her cheese.
And if you're feeling extra fancy one night, you can always add a chiffonade of basil: just roll up some basil leaves and cut into thin strips.
Stir in the tomatoes and chicken stock. Season generously with Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper. I like to use about 1/2 tablespoon of black pepper, which gives a little kick to the soup. Bring the soup to a boil, then lower heat to maintain a simmer for at least 15 minutes. You can feel free to leave it longer if you forget about it. I have.
This soup looks so creamy, warm and inviting! I too am in love with my immersion blender, and I think anyone who loves soup should definitely invest in one.
Hey, your little micro bowls of soup are begging for some Basil Micro Greens (which I hear are all the rage now). Where's that mini garden Chris? Actually the pesto sounds really good to me, never thought to use that in tomato soup…I'm going to have to give that a try.
Hi Sandra… I know!!! I totally need some Basil Micro Greens! I really, really want to start the micro-greens garden, especially after reading all about it on your blog! I don't know why I haven't started it yet. Probably because it's still winter here and it just doesn't seem like "growing season" yet. I'm going to do it though, I promise! You have totally inspired me.
Chris: How many does this tomato-basil soup serve? I need to serve about 10 people. I probably need to make 2 recipes. Right?
Hi Angie, I would say it definitely serves 4, and probably up to 6 depending how hungry your eaters are. If you serve it up with some grilled cheese or something filling like that on the side, then you'll definitely be good with just doubling the recipe.
This is my first attempt at soup ever. I came across your recipe quite by accident as it was my first time browsing foodgawker.com. I am usually really into recipes with tons of reviews but your pictures were really compelling! I'm so glad I tried this. It beats out all my favorite tomato soups. It has a really balanced flavor without being too creamy, salty or bland. My husband loved it and got upset when I accidentally spilled some of the leftovers lol. Thanks again for this!
Also, how many servings would you say this yields. I am watching my calories and guessed it would make a good four servings but I didn't measure to see how many ounces the whole thing yielded.
So glad you loved the soup. That really makes my day! I'm honestly not sure how many ounces the entire recipe yields, but I typically get 4-6 servings out of it. If Asheley and I are only having soup for dinner, probably 4 servings, but if we are also having grilled cheese or another little sandwich on the side, 6 servings. Thanks for the kinds words about the soup. You made my day!
My husband and I are impatiently waiting for the timer to beep. He did most of the work. Smell wonderful and already taste great. Thank you for charing the recipe. We are not good cooks but your instructions were awesome.
Just picked a lot of tomatoes and fresh basil from the garden this morning. After I oven-roast the tomatoes (it concentrates their flavor), I will use them to make this delicious sounding soup for dinner tonight (although we might not be able to wait till then …. how about for lunch?!!), Thanks for sharing.
This soup sounds AMAZING! I have buckets of garden tomatoes and Betty commented that she was oven roasting them. Do you leave the skins on when you roast them and after you roast them? Does the immersion blender blend them enough or will I need to strain my soup? I can't wait to make this soup!
i tried your recipe tonight and it was a big hit with my family….I'm sending a link to your site for my readers.
Thanks so much Ricci! So glad you loved the soup!!
Shari, adding cheese tortellini to the soup is pure genius. I like that. Hope you loved the soup!
Hello! This recipe was awesome! I ended up doing 1/2 cup cream cheese and 1/2 cup skim milk because that is what I had on hand. It still came out amazingly yummy! Thanks for sharing this recipe.
Very easy to make and my family loved it.even my one year toddler. The only thing I did was add little sugar because it was tarty. Otherwise amazing Recipe and thank you for sharing.


Event scribble on the hues of celebration rainbow- each moment, each occasion and each festival varying in their expression. These subtle expressions somewhere describe the sentiments of individual or groups associated with that event, which dissolves among the mass in seconds, just like the morning dew. It is event photographers who freeze these moments in their camera and emboss them into stunning portray and make it live forever.
Let see some marvellous work of such photographers, who were honoured with the best event photography awards.
Here are the winners of Event Photography 2018 in various categories. The awardees were listed as -Winner, Runner-up and Highly Recommended.
Moisten in the slush of cultural festivals, event photographers on various occasion exhibits their immaculate photo-shoot skills. They cleverly use stunning background and foreground to cover event story with spectacular visuals. The colour contrast of flaring-firelights in dark and orange smoke cloud on white-snow was nicely unmasked by these photographers over here.
Fiery heart popping out from the mouth, a scary walking carcass in white snow, a mysterious woman from fairy-tale and people taking water splash on their faces. These captivating photographs from experiential event blend all types of frills to indulge event attendees in a fun way.
Food and events shared a long relationship. The taste and food involved in a particular event represent the ethnicity of the festival or the culture. Here, the photographers have snapped some outstanding pictures of culinary delicacy ready for a platter from various events.
Music is a universal language and has no boundaries. Regardless, of their cultural background, the artists are blessed with the ability to tranquilise the atmosphere with their vocal skills. Here, photographers have captured some similar moments, where the artists are seen wiggling along with the musical nodes and the cheers lofted from the crowd.
Not all corporate events are boring as it sounds. The current trend has fused corporate events with special acts, sports activity, outdoor meetings, and other similar entertainment to make it more interesting. However, some work-alcoholics find difficult to cut loose from their routine; the photographs tell the rest story.
Private events have no ordinance, and that is the beauty of these events. The attendees in the photograph are seen more relaxed and lost in their fun. It seems they have found the way to harmonise from their daily mundane work and settled for a cozy corners. The smiles in photos give the complete brief.
Sports event could fetch the best facial expression than any other events. Player's intensity for the game reflects on their faces wrapping all their strength, compassion and aggression. In one of the photo, kids competing for a sack-race express their struggle to manage their posture. Taking this opportunity, the photographer uncovers the innocent gesture of these kids, which otherwise would have gone unnoticed.
The trade show is an opportunity for attendees to see and try a new product for the first time. The anticipation shown by attendees and participants is equally mind-dwelling as the product itself. No photographers want to miss those small-notches of curiosity going out of their frame.
A grandeur venue and décor style together can create a mesmerising scene. Photographers travel long distance looking for a picturesque place, for them event venues can come as a ready-to-eat meal.
Awesome people, amusing rituals, and fantastic bonding - the wedding event strings all these in one thread. The photographers would not wish more than this; it is a paradise for photographers to click endless photos matching the festive colour with mood.
In the world of photography, there is no bar, random clicks by random people can bring fame to them. This category probably unveils those novice photographers whose lenses aperture is sharp enough to create next sensation.
Raise the curtains, and you see the stage heroes, peel off one more layer, and you will see the real heroes. Some performers quietly perform behind the stage, to keep the action rolling. The photographers here shifted their lens for a while from event to highlight these unsung heroes.
Each photograph speaks for its own and deciphers the intensity of the moment, to pick anyone as a winner here is like leaving diamond over the pearl. It would be a tough equation for judges to solve, but still, they have to mark some. Here are the photographers who were announced as the overall winner from all categories for their outstanding work.
To nominate and win this honour, follow the below steps.
- A £10 process fee allows you up to 5 photo entries. For a further £10, you may submit an additional 5 entries.
Give voice to your passion. Share your thoughts and valuable suggestion on photography as well as mention your favourite photos from the above.


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Search Representatives
HR1153: Mortgage Choice Act of 2017
By Jamie Lawson | April 6, 2018
The Seal of the US Department of Treasury.
Changes the definition of "high-cost mortgage" under the Truth in Lending Act.
Official Summary
Mortgage Choice Act of 2017
This bill amends the Truth in Lending Act to specify that neither escrow charges for insurance nor affiliated title charges shall be considered "points and fees" for purposes of determining whether a mortgage is a "high-cost mortgage."
Signed by President
Became Public Law
Original sponsor: Rep. Huizenga, Bill [R-MI-2]
Cosponsors: Rep. Royce, Edward R. [R-CA-39], Rep. Scott, David [D-GA-13], Rep. Stivers, Steve [R-OH-15], Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5], Rep. Joyce, David P. [R-OH-14], Rep. Doyle, Michael F. [D-PA-14], Rep. McCollum, Betty [D-MN-4], Rep. Wagner, Ann [R-MO-2], Rep. Ross, Dennis A. [R-FL-15], Rep. Rothfus, Keith J. [R-PA-12], Rep. Pittenger, Robert [R-NC-9], Rep. Walberg, Tim [R-MI-7], Rep. Duffy, Sean P. [R-WI-7], Rep. Messer, Luke [R-IN-6], Rep. Trott, David A. [R-MI-11], Rep. Norman, Ralph [R-SC-5], Rep. Gottheimer, Josh [D-NJ-5]
Passed House: http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2018/roll064.xml
Read the Bill
Related bill: HRES725 (Related bill)
Housing and Community Development Huizenga
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Public Law 115-235: To amend title 23, United States Code, to extend the deadline for promulgation of regulations under the tribal transportation self-governance program.
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text:
How To Contact Waze Carpool
If you would like to contact Waze Carpool, you can do so through their website or through the Waze app. On their website, you can use the contact form to reach out to them. You can also find their contact information, such as their email address and phone number, on the Waze website. If you have the Waze app, you can also contact Waze Carpool through the app by going to the Settings menu and selecting the Contact Us option.
3 Steps to Contact Waze Carpool
If you would like to contact Waze Carpool, you can do so by email at carpool@waze.com, or by phone at 1 (800) 669-9277.
In a world where traffic and congestion is a daily reality for many people, learning how to use Waze Carpool can make a big difference. With this app, commuters can connect with others who are heading in the same direction, making it easier to find a ride and avoid traffic. Plus, carpooling is often cheaper and faster than driving alone, making it a great option for those who want to save time and money.
Step 1: How To Contact Waze Carpool
To contact Waze Carpool, open the app and tap the carpool icon at the bottom of the screen. Then, tap the three dots in the top right corner and select Contact Us.
How To Set Times On Waze Carpool
How To Have More Than 2 Routes On Waze Carpool
How To Block A Number On Flip Phone?
How To Delete Waze Carpool
Step 2: The Email Address
If you would like to contact Waze Carpool, you can do so by emailing them at wazecarpool@gmail.com.
Step 3: The Phone Number
In order to contact Waze Carpool, you will need to provide them with your phone number. Once you have done so, they will be able to send you information about how to connect with other drivers in your area. Additionally, they may be able to provide you with discounts or other offers that could save you money on your commute.
Do People Still Use Waze Carpool?
Yes, people still use Waze carpool.
How Reliable Is Waze Carpool?
There is no definitive answer to this question since WAZE carpool is a user-based application and therefore its reliability is largely dependent on the users themselves. However, WAZE does have a built-in rating system that allows users to rate their experience with other users, so it is possible to get a general idea of someone's reliability before carpooling with them. Overall, WAZE carpool can be a reliable way to find a ride, but it is important to use the rating system and to exercise caution when choosing a carpool partner.
Summing-Up
To contact Waze Carpool, users can visit the website and fill out the form to submit a request. Alternatively, users can send an email to the company at support@wazecarpool.com.
Categories Consumer
How To Check Your Each Month Waze Carpool Amount
How To Get Money Out Of Waze Carpool


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California's precious water is being consumed by Saudi Arabian interests
Home /Agriculture, Progressive Special Interests, Property Rights/California's precious water is being consumed by Saudi Arabian interests
Agriculture,Progressive Special Interests,Property Rights |
Massive industrial storehouses line the southern end of town, packed with thousands upon thousands of stacks of alfalfa bales ready to be fed to dairy cows – but not cows in California's Central Valley or Montana's rangelands…Instead, the alfalfa will be fed to cows in Saudi Arabia.
Lauren Markham
Who keeps buying California's scarce water? Saudi Arabia
Four hours east of Los Angeles, in a drought-stricken area of a drought-afflicted state, is a small town called Blythe where alfalfa is king. More than half of the town's 94,000 acres are bushy blue-green fields growing the crop.
Massive industrial storehouses line the southern end of town, packed with thousands upon thousands of stacks of alfalfa bales ready to be fed to dairy cows – but not cows in California's Central Valley or Montana's rangelands.
Instead, the alfalfa will be fed to cows in Saudi Arabia.
The storehouses belong to Fondomonte Farms, a subsidiary of the Saudi Arabia-based company Almarai – one of the largest food production companies in the world. The company sells milk, powdered milk and packaged items such as croissants, strudels and cupcakes in supermarkets and corner stores throughout the Middle East and North Africa, and in specialty grocers throughout the US.
Each month, Fondomonte Farms loads the alfalfa on to hulking metal shipping containers destined to arrive 24 days later at a massive port stationed on the Red Sea, just outside King Abdullah City in Saudi Arabia.
Alfalfa at Fondomonte Farms in Vicksburg, Arizona
With the Saudi Arabian landscape there being mostly desert and alfalfa being a water-intensive crop, growing it there has always been expensive and draining on scarce water resources, to the point that the Saudi government finally outlawed the practice in 2016. In the wake of the ban, Almarai decided to purchase land wherever it is cheap and has favorable water conditions to produce enough feed for its 93,000 cows.
In 2012, they acquired 30,000 acres of land in Argentina, and in 2014, they bought their first swath of land in Arizona. Then, in 2015, they bought 1,700 acres in Blythe – a vast, loamy, agricultural metropolis abutting the Colorado river, where everything but the alfalfa seems cast in the hue of sand. Four years later, the company owns 15,000 acres – 16% of the entire irrigated valley.
But what business does a foreign company have drawing precious resources from a US desert to offset a lack of resources halfway around the globe?
What Fondomonte Farms is doing is merely a chapter in the long story of water management in the west, one that pierces the veil on the inanities of the global supply chain – how easy it is to move a commodity like alfalfa, or for that matter lettuce or clementines or iPhones, across more than 13,000 miles of land and sea, how much we rely on these crisscrossing supply lines, and at what cost to our own natural resources.
Husband of "Old Broad" enviro pleads "no contest" to charges stemming from attempted cattle destruction
Big tourism kills traditional industries, and now it's killing the environment
TAGS: California central valley global food market latest_news Saudi Arabia sharia state
GOP Representatives look into Obama's…
Will SCOTUS gerrymandering decision affect…
Colorado developers offer big cash…
Grand County leaders send hate…
Fight radical introduction of invasive…
Journalist wins case against Colorado…


Almark Health Services #II is a memory care provider in Orlando, FL. Staff are on service 24 hours a day. There are activities appropriate for seniors with Alzheimer's disease and dementia that help keep residents active and engaged. It is a secured property. A doctor is on call Almark Health Services #II.
If Almark Health Services #II isn't quite what you're looking for, take a look at a few other nearby communities that might be a better match.


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Q: I'm getting 0 results in this query. What am I doing wrong? (Android) I am using SQLite on Android. These are my three tables:
String query = "create table " + TABLE_PERSON + " (" +
            PERSON_COL_ID + "  integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, " +
            PERSON_COL_NAME + " text, " +
            PERSON_COL_SEX + " text CHECK (" + PERSON_COL_SEX + " IN ('M', 'F'))" +
            ");";
db.execSQL(query);

query = "create table " + TABLE_CONCEPT + " (" +
            CONCEPT_COL_ID + " integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, " +
            CONCEPT_COL_NAME + " text, " +
            CONCEPT_COL_DATE + " text " +
            ");";
db.execSQL(query);

query = "create table " + TABLE_DEBT + " (" +
            DEBT_COL_ID + " integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, " +
            DEBT_COL_CONCEPT + " integer REFERENCES " + TABLE_CONCEPT + ", " +
            DEBT_COL_CREDITOR + " integer REFERENCES " + TABLE_PERSON + ", " +
            DEBT_COL_DEBTOR + " integer REFERENCES " + TABLE_PERSON + ", " +
            DEBT_COL_ORIGAMT + " integer, " +
            DEBT_COL_PAIDSOFAR + " integer, " +
            DEBT_COL_DATEREPAID + " text" +
            ");";
db.execSQL(query);

After inserting 3 persons, 2 concepts and 1 debt, I am getting 0 results after making the following query:
  Cursor cur = databaseHelper.getDebtsByConcept(0);

Where the query carried out is the following:
public Cursor getDebtsByConcept(int conceptID) {
     String query = "select con.name, per1.name, per2.name, deb.origamt, deb.paidsofar, deb.daterepaid" +
            " from " +
            TABLE_PERSON + " per1, " + TABLE_PERSON + " per2, " +  TABLE_CONCEPT + " con, " + TABLE_DEBT + " deb" +
            " where deb.concept = " + conceptID +
            " and con.id = deb.concept " +
            " and per1.id = deb.creditorID" +
            " and per2.id = deb.debtorID;";

     Cursor res = db.rawQuery(query, null);
     return res;
}

A: there will not be any entry in database with conecptID with value 0, reason for the same is that you have declared conceptID in concept table as Integer Auto Increment so when you insert first record value will be conceptId value will be 1,
Can you try passing 1 in your query, and just to check initially try and fetch all the records from database using select * from ....

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Greece in the Roman era describes the Roman conquest of Greece, as well as the period of Greek history when Greece was dominated first by the Roman Republic and then by the Roman Empire.

The Roman era of Greek history began with the Corinthian defeat in the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. However, before the Achaean War, the Roman Republic had been steadily gaining control of mainland Greece by defeating the Kingdom of Macedon in a series of conflicts known as the Macedonian Wars. The Fourth Macedonian War ended at the Battle of Pydna in 148 BC with the defeat of the Macedonian royal pretender Andriscus.

The definitive Roman occupation of the Greek world was established after the Battle of Actium (31 BC), in which Augustus defeated Cleopatra VII, the Greek Ptolemaic queen of Egypt, and the Roman general Mark Antony, and afterwards conquered Alexandria (30 BC), the last great city of Hellenistic Egypt. The Roman era of Greek history continued with Emperor Constantine the Great's adoption of Byzantium as Nova Roma, the capital city of the Roman Empire; in 330 AD, the city was renamed Constantinople. Afterwards, the Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, including Roman and Greek culture.

Roman Republic

The Greek peninsula fell to the Roman Republic during the Battle of Corinth (146 BC), when Macedonia became a Roman province. Meanwhile, southern Greece also came under Roman hegemony, but some key Greek poleis remained partly autonomous and avoided direct Roman taxation.

In 88 BC, Athens and other Greek city-states revolted against Rome and were suppressed by General Lucius Cornelius Sulla. During the Roman civil wars, Greece was physically and economically devastated until Augustus organised the peninsula as the province of Achaea, in 27 BC. Initially, Rome's conquest of Greece damaged the economy, but it readily recovered under Roman administration in the postwar period. Moreover, the Greek cities in Asia Minor recovered from the Roman conquest more rapidly than the cities of peninsular Greece, which had been much damaged in the war with Sulla.

As an empire, Rome invested resources and rebuilt the cities of Roman Greece, and established Corinth as the capital city of the province of Achaea, and Athens prospered as a cultural hub of philosophy, education and learned knowledge.

Early Roman Empire

Life in Greece continued under the Roman Empire much the same as it had previously. Roman culture was highly influenced by the Greeks; as Horace said, Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit ("Captive Greece captured her rude conqueror"). The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and authors such as Seneca the Younger wrote using Greek styles. Some Roman nobles regarded the Greeks as backwards and petty, but many others embraced Greek literature and philosophy. The Greek language became a favorite of the educated and elite in Rome, such as Scipio Africanus, who tended to study philosophy and regarded Greek culture and science as an example to be followed.

The Roman Emperor Nero visited Greece in 66 AD, and performed at the Ancient Olympic Games, despite the rules against non-Greek participation. He was honoured with a victory in every contest, and in the following year, he proclaimed the freedom of the Greeks at the Isthmian Games in Corinth, just as Flamininus had over 200 years previously.

Many temples and public buildings were built in Greece by emperors and wealthy Roman nobility, especially in Athens. Julius Caesar began construction of the Roman agora in Athens, which was finished by Augustus. The main gate, the Gate of Athena Archegetis, was dedicated to the patron goddess of Athens, Athena. The Agrippeia was built in the centre of the Ancient Agora of Athens by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. Emperor Hadrian was a philhellene who before he became emperor had served as eponymous archon of Athens. He saw himself as an heir to Pericles and made many contributions to Athens. He built the Library of Hadrian in the city and completed the construction of the Temple of Olympian Zeus, some 638 years after its construction had been started by Athenian tyrants but ended because of the belief that building on such a scale would cause hubris. The Athenians built the Arch of Hadrian to honor Emperor Hadrian. The side of the arch facing the Athenian agora and the Acropolis had an inscription stating, "This is Athens, the ancient city of Theseus." The side facing the Temple of Zeus and the 'new city' (this was still part of the ancient city; e.g. the Panathenaic Stadium has always been on that side) had an inscription stating, "This is the city of Hadrian, and not of Theseus". Adrianou (Hadrian Street) exists to this day, leading from the arch to the Ancient Agora.

The Pax Romana was the longest period of peace in Greek history, and Greece became a major crossroads of maritime trade between Rome and the Greek speaking eastern half of the empire. The Greek language served as a lingua franca in the eastern provinces and in Italy, and many Greek intellectuals such as Galen would perform most of their work in Rome.

During this time, Greece and much of the rest of the Roman east came under the influence of Early Christianity. The apostle Paul of Tarsus preached in Philippi, Corinth and Athens, and Greece soon became one of the most highly Christianized areas of the empire.

Later Roman Empire

During the 2nd and 3rd centuries, Greece was divided into provinces including Achaea, Macedonia, Epirus and Thrace. During the reign of Diocletian in the late 3rd century, Moesia was organized as a diocese, and was ruled by Galerius. Under Constantine (who professed Christianity) Greece was part of the prefectures of Macedonia and Thrace. Theodosius divided the prefecture of Macedonia into the provinces of Creta, Achaea, Thessalia, Epirus Vetus, Epirus Nova, and Macedonia. The Aegean islands formed the province of Insulae in the Diocese of Asia.

Greece faced invasions from the Heruli, Goths, and Vandals during the reign of Romulus Augustulus. Stilicho, who pretended he was a regent for Arcadius, evacuated Thessaly when the Visigoths invaded in the late 4th century. Arcadius' chief advisor Eutropius allowed Alaric to enter Greece, and he looted Athens, Corinth and the Peloponnese. Stilicho eventually drove him out around 397 AD and Alaric was made magister militum in Illyricum. Eventually, Alaric and the Goths migrated to Italy, sacked Rome in 410, and built the Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia, which lasted until 711 with the advent of the Arabs.

Greece remained part of and became the center of the remaining relatively cohesive and robust eastern half of the Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire (now historiographically referred to as the Byzantine Empire), for nearly a thousand more years after the Fall of Rome, the city which once conquered it.

Contrary to outdated visions of Late Antiquity, the Greek peninsula was most likely one of the most prosperous regions of the Roman Empire. Older scenarios of poverty, depopulation, barbarian destruction, and civil decay have been revised in light of recent archaeological discoveries. In fact, the polis, as an institution, appears to have remained prosperous until at least the 6th century. Contemporary texts such as Hierocles' Syndekmos affirm that late antiquity Greece was highly urbanised and contained approximately eighty cities. This view of extreme prosperity is widely accepted today, and it is assumed between the 4th and 7th centuries AD, Greece may have been one of the most economically active regions in the eastern Mediterranean.

The Roman emperor Heraclius in the early 7th century changed the empire's official language from Latin to Greek. As the eastern half of the Mediterranean has always been predominantly Greek, the eastern half of the Roman Empire gradually became Hellenized following the fall of the Latin western half. Over the course of the following centuries, mainland Greece was mainly contested between the Roman and Bulgarian Empires, and suffered from invasions by Slavic tribes and Normans. Crete and Cyprus were contested between the Romans and Arabs and were later taken by the Crusaders who, following the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, established the Latin Empire in Thrace and Greece. The Romans retook Constantinople and re-established control in most of the Greek peninsula, although Epirus would remain an independent splinter state until the early 14th century when Roman control was re-established. As a civil war raged within the empire, the Serbian Empire took the opportunity to conquer most of mainland Greece, while a resurgent Bulgarian Empire invaded from the north. In the century that followed, the Ottoman Empire would establish its dominance in the region, annexing all three empires and finishing its conquest of Greece with the fall of the Morea in 1460.

References

Sources

Boardman, John The Oxford History of Greece & the Hellenistic World 2nd Edition Oxford University Press, 1988.
Rothaus, Richard M. Corinth: The First City of Greece. Brill, 2000.
Francis, Jane E. and Anna Kouremenos Roman Crete: New Perspectives. Oxford: Oxbow, 2016.
 Kouremenos, Anna The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE: The Past Present. London and New York: Routledge, 2022.

External links

 Roman Greece paying full attention to the archaeological evidence

Greece