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Category Archives: Campbells of Argyll
Posted on Tuesday, 19 July 2016 by Lynn McAlister, MA, FSA Scot
On the 19th July 1790, a meeting was held at Inveraray of the freeholders of Argyllshire, who gathered to choose the shire's representative for the upcoming parliament. Among the attendees listed is Angus Macalister, 11th of Loup.
In the Scottish context, a freeholder was a tenant-in-chief — someone who held his lands directly from the king. This had nothing to do with the landholder's local prominence or personal wealth. Many well-established families in Scotland held their lands from one of the king's vassals rather than from the king himself[1] — including the Macalisters of Tarbert, who were vassals, or subtenants, of the Campbells of Argyll. The Loup family itself held some of its properties from the Macdonalds of Dunyvaig in earlier times, and later some from Argyll. But the Macalister chiefs' position as freeholders was important. William Ferguson tells us that "by the late seventeenth century the term [freeholder] was used mainly with reference to the electoral system, the freeholders or barons constituting the county electorate".[2] In fact, "[o]utside the burghs virtually all Scottish voters" belonged to this group, according to Margaret Sankey and Daniel Szechi; as a result "county electorates were small, usually less than a hundred voters".[3] Thus despite Angus's relative insignificance compared to magnates like Argyll, he was one of the few Argyllshire men who could vote and his family therefore wielded considerable power.
It is not clear when the Macalisters first gained possession of the property from which their territorial designation comes, but they clearly were freeholders almost from the start. The first mention we have of the lands of Loup is in 1481, when the king granted them, along with many others, to John of Islay (Lord of the Isles). The property seems to have been granted by him to the Macalisters who, as a sept of the Clan Donald living in the heart of the Lordship, were already John's followers. Certainly by the time of the final Forfeiture, in 1493, the Macalister chief was holding Loup as a vassal of Macdonald of the Isles.[4] At that point John's lands in Kintyre reverted to the king, who apparently regranted Loup to the Macalisters, thereafter to be held directly of him. The rentals of 1506 and 1541 show the Loup property still in the hands of the Macalisters, and in 1605, Macalister's charter for his crown holdings was confirmed.
In 1607, Kintyre was granted to the Campbell Earl of Argyll in response to the Macdonald-Maclean feud. Argyll's grant was ratified in 1617, after more trouble from the (now landless) Macdonalds of Dunyvaig. The earl was instructed not to let any of his new lands to anyone named Macdonald, Maclean, Macneill or Macalister. However, Hector Macalister, 6th of Loup, held his lands of the king, not Argyll; additionally, Hector had been too young to be involved in the various disorders of the early 1600s, so no punitive measures were taken against him. Still, holding one's land in Kintyre required a diplomatic balancing act: Loyalty to the king served the Loup family well when Argyll fell from favour, but during the 17th century it was often a liability. The Macalisters didn't always get it right; they did however seem to know when it was time to give up: As an adult, Hector narrowly avoided forfeiture (or worse) at the end of the Civil Wars by quickly switching sides when it became clear that Alasdair MacColla's rising was at an end; his great-grandson, Alexander the 10th of Loup, was accused of treason for his involvement in the first Jacobite rising and almost certainly would have been forfeited had he not surrendered before he could be arrested.
But different types of challenge presented themselves in the centuries that followed. Allan Macinnes writes, "The acquisitiveness of the Campbells at the expense of other Argyllshire clans [was] the most pronounced feature of landholding in the eighteenth century".[5] Indeed, of the 57 heritors who appear on the 1751 valuation of Kintyre, nearly half (23) are Campbells.[6] Among those who had fallen victim to Campbell hegemony were the Tarbert Macalisters, who by 1751 had already lost most of their lands and were being sued by Argyll for failure to meet some of the terms of their tenancy. Yet the very fact of Angus's inclusion on the list of voters for this particular election suggests one reason he had survived. As Sankey and Szechi explain,
Being returned to Westminster as a knight of the shire for a Scottish county . . . required a successful candidate to exploit his local and family networks to produce a coalition of friends, neighbours and kinsmen sufficient to vote him in.[7]
The unanimous election of Lord Frederick Campbell, a brother of the 5th Duke of Argyll, to the post[8] suggests that the men who met on this day at Inverary — including Angus Macalister of Loup — were those who had made themselves Campbell allies.
Ultimately, however, Angus's political realism could not save him from the biggest threat to 18th-century lairds: accumulating debt. He had already been sued, in November 1746, by creditors of his father Charles in attempt to collect on Charles's debts. Before the end of the decade, his lands in Kintyre would be sold off by trustees. Although the designation 'of Loup' is still held by Angus's successors, he was the last of this family to be called a freeholder of Argyll.
[1] A. Mackenzie, A View of the Political State of Scotland at the Late General Election (Edinburgh: Mundell & Son, 1790), p. 21.
[2] W. Ferguson, Scotland: 1689 to the Present, Edinburgh History of Scotland vol. 4 (Mercat Press, 1990), p. 72.
[3] Sankey & Szechi, "Elite Culture and the Decline of Scottish Jacobitism, 1716-1745" in Past & Present, No. 173 (Nov. 2001), p. 105.
[4] Origines Parochiales, vol. 2, part 1, p. 31.
[5] A. Macinnes, "Landownership, Land Use and Elite Enterprise in Scottish Gaeldom: from Clanship to Clearance in Argyllshire, 1688-1858", in T. Devine, ed., Scottish Elites, p. 9
[6] L. Timperley, A Directory of Land Ownership in Scotland, c. 1770 (Scottish Record Society, 2014), pp. 28-46.
[7] Sankey & Szechi, ibid.
[8] A. Mackenzie, p. 59.
Posted in 18th century, Campbells of Argyll, Clan Donald, Kintyre, McAlester of Loup, Scottish government, Uncategorized Tagged freeholding, land grant, McAlester of Loup
Posted on Wednesday, 30 December 2015 by Lynn McAlister, MA, FSA Scot
In December of 1689, Alexander Macalister (8th) of Loup was among a group of men named by the Scottish Privy Council as "suspected or scandled of treasone"; his rents were to be sequestered until he could be brought to trial. Also named were his allies, MacDonald of Largie and MacNeill of Gallachoille, along with numerous others. These men were accused of being "in actual rebellion and arms against their Majesties' government and laws", having continued to "perpetrate and carry on their wicked designs against their Majesties". Just for good measure they were also charged with disturbing the public peace.[1]
The 'Majesties' in question were, of course, William and Mary, who had taken the thrones of Scotland and England the previous year. The suspicion of treason arose from the adherence of these men to King James VII, who was holding on in Ireland despite determined opposition from most of the Protestant establishment in his other kingdoms. That adherence had led Loup, Largie and Gallachoille, as well as other local lairds, to the Battle of Loup Hill in May, to James's court in Ireland, and then in July to Killiecrankie, where they fought in the regiment of Sir Alexander Maclean under Viscount Dundee.[2]
The astonishing victory at Killiecrankie was followed in August by defeat at Dunkeld, and that defeat led Macalister of Balinakill and Macalister of Tarbert (both of whom apparently remained in Ireland with King James when their chief returned to fight under Dundee) to surrender to the authorities and take the Oath of Allegiance to the new monarchs.[3] But Loup and his friends were not ready to give up.
The question arises of why these men, and others like them, chose this dangerous allegiance. For much of their history the Macdonald-allied clans had been at odds with the Stewart (later Stuart) kings, several of whom made significant efforts towards 'subduing' the Western Highlands and Islands — particularly the clans that had followed the Lords of the Isles. After the final forfeiture of the Lordship, in 1493, Clan Donald septs (including the Macalisters) and other allied clans had rebelled repeatedly in attempt to restore it; repeatedly they were defeated, forfeited, and often restored only as vassals of the Campbells of Argyll, who acted as lieutenants for the king. But in the early decades of the 17th century the relations of these clans with the House of Stuart had begun to change.
Contrary to popular belief, there was in earlier times no particular animosity between the Campbells and the Macdonalds or anyone else. The Clan Campbell had indeed grown powerful as the power of Clan Donald ebbed, but the Campbells had used that power not only to enforce the king's will on their neighbouring clans but also at times for the benefit of these same clans.[4] In the late 16th century, however, a simmering feud between the Macleans of Duart and the Dunyvaig Macdonalds flared up. Nearly all the local clans took one side or the other, and King James stepped in to quell the violence, calling on his lieutenant in the west, the Earl of Argyll:
As disorder spread in the Western Isles, the Campbells became 'the masters of aggressive feudalism', especially under the eighth Earl of Argyll. Suspected of fomenting disorder and unrest among the western clans to justify his intervention on behalf of the Crown, his actions were largely responsible for the bitter enmity that subsequently divided the Campbells from the other clans in Argyll and the Western Isles, and especially the septs of Clan Donald.[5]
Thus when Alasdair MacColla arrived from Ireland in the 1640s, ostensibly to fight for King Charles I, many of the Western clans saw him not as a defender of the Stuart king or even of the Catholic faith (for many of them were now Episcopalians) but as an enemy of the eighth Earl — now Marquess — of Argyll, who was leading the opposition to Charles in Scotland.
When Charles was executed in London, even Argyll was angered; Charles's son was declared king of Scotland and the Scots as a whole rallied to Charles II. The new king's defeat by Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army in 1651 was followed by nearly a decade of English occupation. By the time King Charles was restored in 1660, most of the Macdonald clans were firmly in the Royalist camp, and it was Argyll, rather than the Crown, they considered a threat. None of them supported the invasion of the forfeited ninth Earl of Argyll in 1685, and all of them understood that with the ascension of William and Mary (whom the 10th Earl of Argyll supported), the Argyll family would also rise again.
John Roberts writes: "There can hardly be any doubt that the chieftains of the western Highland clans were deeply alarmed by the prospect of Argyll's restoration, which threatened them all to varying degrees."[6] And so in November of 1688 the Clan Alasdair lairds declared their support of Charles's successor, James VII, and the close of 1689 found the Macalister chief facing arrest for treason. As it turned out, however, issuing a warrant for his arrest was easier than actually arresting him, and Alexander of Loup remained at liberty to fight once more for King James.
[1]Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, series 3, vol. XV, pp. 2-3.
[2]The Macdonald who was 'of Largie' at Loup Hill was Donald, who died at Killiecrankie; it is his brother Archibald who is named in the December Privy Council register.
[3]Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, series 3, vol. XIV, pp. 235-6.
[4]D. Gregory, The History of the Western Highlands and Islands of Scotland, from AD 1493 to AD 1625, 2nd ed., p. 192; C. Fraser-Mackintosh, The Last Macdonalds of Isla, p. 26.
[5]John L. Roberts, Clan, King and Covenant (Edinburgh University Press, 2000), pp. 9-10.
[6]ibid., p. 174
Posted in 17th century, Campbells of Argyll, Civil War (Scotland), Clan Donald, Jacobitism, James VII, Lordship of the Isles, McAlester of Loup, Royalists, William of Orange Tagged Alasdair MacColla, Battle of Loup Hill, Charles I, Charles II, Killiecrankie, Macdonald of Dunyvaig and the Glens, Macdonald of Largie, Maclean of Duart
Posted in 17th century, battles, Campbells of Argyll, castles, Jacobitism, Macalister of Balinakill, Macalister of Kinlochkellisport, Macalister of Tarbert, Macalisters, McAlester of Loup, William of Orange Tagged Balinakill, James VII, Killiecrankie, Perthshire, Rising of 1689, Viscount Dundee
The Ascent of Tarbert
Posted on Monday, 12 January 2015 by Lynn McAlister, MA, FSA Scot
On this day in 1619, a bond was signed among the barons of Argyll. The bond dealt primarily with relationships within the Clan Campbell, so it is not surprising that all but three of the signators are Campbells. Among those who are not, however, is Archibald Macalister of Tarbert.[1]
The bond in question concerned a serious breach that had taken place within the Clan Campbell during the minority of the clan's chief, the 7th Earl of Argyll. Competition between the various branches of that clan had resulted in the murder of Sir John Campbell of Cawdor in 1591 as part of "a foul conspiracy against Archibald, the seventh Earl".[2] There were a number of people involved in the plot, but most of the blame fell on Sir John Campbell of Ardkinglas. Understandably this had caused hard feelings between the two families, and with their chief indefinitely out of the country,[3] there was a reasonable concern that the feud could lead to further violence. As part of the clan's efforts to maintain law and order in Argyll during the earl's absence, it was agreed that there should be a formal reconciliation between the families involved.[4]
Why Macalister of Tarbert was included is not clear. He and his chief, Macalister of Loup, had both been appointed a month earlier to help Campbell of Kilberry police Kintyre, but neither Loup nor Kilberry himself appear to be connected to this bond. It is possible that he simply happened to be on hand when witnesses were needed, but Campbell historian Sir Alastair Campbell of Airds indicates that he was actually party to the bond,[5] in the company of such men as Campbell of Auchinbreck, Campbell of Lochnell and Campbell of Otter. Evidently by this point Tarbert was seen as the head of a distinct house.
Although the Macalister connexion to Tarbert went back to the 1540s, it was not until the very end of the sixteenth century that these Macalisters began to act as a separate branch of the clan. They were not required to sign the General Band of 1587, suggesting that they were still very much under the authority of the Macalister chief, and as of 1591, they still held their lands as tenants of Loup rather than directly from Argyll. In 1596, they were included in a list of Kintyre landholders, but not given any particular prominence.[6] In fact, we first find Tarbert lairds acting independently at the start of the 1600s, when two of them, Hector and Archibald successively, are in trouble for raiding in Arran and Bute. Interestingly, in Archibald's case his associates included the Earl of Argyll, suggesting that he was already on good terms with the chief of Clan Campbell.
I suspect the key to the Tarberts' rise to prominence might lie in the status of the Loup family at this time. The head of our clan at the turn of the century was Godfrey 5th of Loup – a troublemaker in general (it was he who murdered his tutor in 1597 and instigated the Askomil incident) and a close associate of the even-more-troublesome Dunyvaig Macdonalds. Godfrey was followed as chief by Hector, who was a minor until about 1617. Thus for nearly twenty years the Tarbert Macalisters appear to have simply gone their own way. While the Loup family continued to adhere to the House of Dunyvaig, the Tarbert branch apparently deemed it wiser to cultivate the friendship of their Campbell neighbours. (Clearly, friendship with the Campbells did not keep the Tarbert lairds out of trouble, but getting into trouble with those in the king's favour was likely to be less permanently disastrous than following the Macdonalds, who seemed to go out of their way to attract royal wrath.) It's possible that it was during Godfrey's tenure that some of the Tarbert lands were granted directly to that family, which would make Argyll their immediate landlord. Proximity to the Campbell heartland might also have been a factor. Whatever the reasons, in this period the Tarbert Macalisters appear more frequently in connexion with various Campbell lairds than with anyone else.
Although Hector of Loup was finally an adult by this time, recognised as one of the primary Kintyre lairds and included in the peace-keeping arrangement of 1618, it makes sense that it would be Tarbert rather than Loup who was called upon to be party to the Campbell bond. Though loyalties would vary from generation to generation, from this point on the Tarbert family were their own men, and they continued to play a prominent role in events in Kintyre well into the 18th century.
[1]My information about this bond comes entirely from Sir Alastair Campbell of Airds (A History of Clan Campbell, vol. II, pp. 175-6).
[2]John Taylor, The Great Historic Families of Scotland (London, 1889), vol. I, p. 287; Campbell, History, vol. II, pp. 100-103.
[3]Argyll had been granted permission to travel to England. Instead, he went to Spain, and he did not return when ordered to do so. In view of his dire financial situation – caused partly by other people's failure to pay him rents and debts owed – it is hardly surprising that he wanted to escape, and as he had converted to Catholicism, Spain was a logical place to start again. Spain was not seen as a friend of Scotland at this time, however, and to make matters worse, once he was there the earl established friendly relations with a number of the king's enemies, among them his own erstwhile foe, Sir James Macdonald of Dunyvaig. Eventually he was declared a traitor by King James, and although he spent his final days in London, he was never allowed to return to Scotland. (Wm. Anderson, The Scottish Nation, vol. I (1867), p. 555; Campbell, History, vol. II, pp. 174-5)
[4]Campbell, History, vol. II, pp. 175-6
[6]Way & Squire, p. 204; Castleton, p. 167; MacPhail, pp. 75-78.
Posted in 17th century, Campbells, Campbells of Argyll, Kintyre, Macalister of Tarbert, McAlester of Loup
Mutineers on Trial
Posted on Tuesday, 6 May 2014 by Lynn McAlister, MA, FSA Scot
On this day in 1779, a court martial sat in Edinburgh Castle to try three soldiers for mutiny. The soldiers were additionally charged with having "instigated and incited others to be guilty of the same, in which mutiny several of his Majesty's subjects were killed, and others wounded".[1]
The charges against these soldiers stemmed from an incident in April, which historian Max Hastings summarises as follows: "Highland soldiers of the 42nd and 71st regiments, abruptly drafted to serve with a detested Glasgow Lowland regiment, refused the order and fought a brief, bloody battle with men of the South Fencibles."[2] Several people died and many were taken prisoner, but these three alone faced a death sentence.
Among the men who made up the court was Captain Angus M'Alister of the West Fencibles. This M'Alister's identity is unclear to me, but the fact that he was a captain in the Western (or Argyll) Fencible Regiment provides some clues. Fencible regiments "were different in constitution from the militia, afterwards substituted, as the men were regularly enlisted, and the commissions of the officers signed by the King."[3] Although raised at time of war, the fencibles did not serve outside of Scotland itself; rather, "[t]hey formed a splendid army of reserve".[4] The Western Fencible Regiment in which M'Alister served was raised in 1778 by members of the (Campbell of) Argyll family. The majority of its men were recruited from Argyll and the surrounding Highland areas, and leadership of the regiment was overwhelmingly Campbell. Although it is possible that M'Alister might be one of the minority recruited from the southwest Lowlands, the fact that he was an officer, in a regiment whose officers were almost entirely Argyllsmen, suggests that he belonged to one of the West Highland Macalister families who were tenants of the Duke of Argyll.
The soldiers on trial pleaded not guilty to the charges against them. Their defence makes clear how much still separated Highlanders from Lowlanders in the late 18th century. Two of the men, a native of Argyllshire and another of western Invernesshire, spoke no English; the third, from Caithness, could get by in broken English but was certainly not fluent. Furthermore, all three were accustomed to wearing the fillibeg and uncomfortable in Lowland garb. They had enlisted willingly, but each had specifically chosen a Highland regiment, where their own language was spoken and they were allowed to wear the clothes they had always worn.
Upon arriving at Leith in April, however, they were told that they were now to serve under English-speaking officers in regiments that required Lowland dress. This was more than an inconvenience. A "great number of the detachment" protested that they were "incapable of wearing breeches as part of their dress"[5], and for some of them it would have been impossible to understand orders given in English, let alone follow them adequately. It was certainly not what they had signed up for.
It is hard to imagine that M'Alister and his colleagues (more than half of whom belonged to regiments that drew men from the Gaidhealtachd and wore Highland dress) were unsympathetic. Until the sudden change of regiment, all of the accused had behaved impeccably, and they all indicated that they were happy to serve in any other Highland unit. The change of orders had not been clearly explained to them, nor were they told that they could appeal. Furthermore, several witnesses testified that they did not know whether the first shot in the altercation had been fired by the rebels or by the South Fencibles who had been sent to deal with them.[6] Nonetheless, the behaviour of these soldiers and their comrades violated several of the articles of war, and the court had no choice but to declare them guilty and sentence them to death.
Probably to everyone's relief, this story ended happily. Right before the condemned were to be shot, a message arrived from the king; in light of their previous good behaviour, a full pardon was granted and the prisoners were released to return to their units.
[1]Scots Magazine, vol. 41 (May, 1779), p. 271.
[2] Hastings, The Oxford Book of Military Anecdotes (Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 176.
[3] Peter Handyside MacKerlie, An Account of the Scottish Regiments with Statistics of Each, from 1808 to March 1861, Compiled from the old regimental record books, and monthly returns of each regiment, now rendered to the war department (Edinburgh, 1862), p. 45.
[6]Scots Magazine, vol. 41 (June, 1779), pp. 305-6.
Posted in 18th century, Campbells of Argyll, crime and punishment, war Tagged Gaidhealtachd
Argyll's rebellion
Posted on Wednesday, 22 May 2013 by Lynn McAlister, MA, FSA Scot
On this day in 1685, Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll, wrote a letter to the Laird of Loup. Argyll was writing from Campbeltown, where he was trying to gather forces to join him in rebellion against James VII. In his letter, he reminded the Macalister chief[1] of the "great friend-ship" his father had shared with Argyll and of their common commitment to the Protestant faith. He urged Macalister to leave the Duke of Atholl, whose forces apparently included our clan, and join Argyll in the fight against Popery. Similar letters were written to several other local lairds and chiefs.[2]
The fact that Argyll was attempting (in conjunction with the Monmouth Rebellion about to begin in England[3]) to overthrow the king was a complete turn of events. Up to this point he had actively supported the king, and he certainly does not appear to have been unduly concerned about James's Catholicism. Unlike his father, the Marquis, who was executed in 1661, the 9th earl was not a Covenanter – at one point he objected to even being called a Presbyterian.[4] James's brother and predecessor, Charles II, had restored to Argyll most – but not all – of the lands and titles that had been forfeited by his father, and until fairly recently the earl had been on good terms with both kings.
Unfortunately for the earl, there were many in Scotland who had no desire to see Campbell power restored. In the west Highlands, clan feuds going back generations and more recent resentment over acquisition of land combined to create a small army of "anti-Campbell" clans[5]; in Edinburgh there were political opponents whose own power depended on Argyll remaining out of favour. Additionally, although some of the lands once owned by his father were not restored to him, the debts against those properties were,[6] leaving the 9th earl with numerous creditors eager to see him forfeited. Eventually Argyll's enemies convinced James that he was not to be trusted. The earl was convicted of treason (unjustly, as many said even at the time) and sentenced to death,[7] but he escaped, taking refuge with a growing number of Scottish and English exiles in Amsterdam. It was there, finally realising that he had no hope of restoration while James remained on the throne, that the previously loyal earl turned on the king.
It was not, perhaps, unreasonable for Argyll to hope that he would find support among the men of Kintyre. For one thing, an awful lot of them were Campbells, of whom he was at least nominally the chief. Beyond that, local opinion held that several of the clans currently with the Duke of Atholl "were affected to Argyll", including the Macalisters.[8] And then, of course, there were histories of friendship such as the one he had shared with Loup's father. But times change, and Macalister of Loup was not his father. It was already clear by late May that things were not going well for Argyll. In hindsight, it is also clear that this particular Laird of Loup was a genuine supporter of James VII.[9] When he received the earl's letter, he did not rush to support Argyll. Instead, he forwarded the letter to the authorities.[10]
Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll, was captured at Kilpatrick about the 19th of June and executed on the 30th of that month.
[1] This was probably Alexander; Godfrey was roughly the same age as Argyll and it is hard to believe the two would not have known each other, having come from closely linked families and spent much of their lives in the same small area. Godfrey's testament was registered in 1686, but he could have died considerably earlier.
[2] Raymond Campbell Paterson, No Tragic Story: The Fall of the House of Campbell (John Donald Publishers, 2001), p. 106.
[3] The Duke of Monmouth, James Scott, was one of Charles II's many illegitimate offspring. He had claimed for some time that as the king's eldest son, and a Protestant, he rather than James VII belonged on the throne. His supporters claimed that the king had actually married James's mother, which would make him a legitimate son and heir, but Charles denied this publicly and no evidence was ever found to support it.
[4] J. Willcock, A Scots Earl in Covenanting Times: Being Life and Times of Archibald, 9th Earl of Argyll (1629-1685) (Andrew Elliot, 1907), p. 147.
[5]This is Paterson's term; I think Dr Hopkins's "non-Campbell clans" is probably more accurate. They were not all, and not always, hostile to the Campbells.
[6] Paterson, p. 28
[7] There is some question about whether or not the king would have allowed the execution to take place. He had specifically instructed the Privy Council not to act on any verdict until they heard from him, as the final decision was to be his.
[8] Historical Manuscripts Commission: The Manuscripts of the Duke of Athole, KT, and the Earl of Home (London, 1891), p. 13.
[9] See Kintyre Macalisters Support James VII and Battle of Loup Hill
[10] Willcock, pp. 353, 434. At least one other laird did the same thing (Paterson, 101).
Posted in 17th century, Argyll's Rebellion (1685), Campbells of Argyll, James VII, Kintyre, McAlester of Loup
Hector and the Synod of Argyll
Posted on Thursday, 9 May 2013 by Lynn McAlister, MA, FSA Scot
On this day in 1649, 'Hector mc Alister of Lowpe' was among those commissioned by the Synod of Argyll to visit the Isle of Arran and examine that parish's minister, if they could find him. The synod wanted the Rev John Knox questioned concerning his position during the 'recent rebellion'.[1] The significance of Loup's inclusion on this committee depends on which view is taken of Hector's own involvement in the rebellion. It certainly refutes the frequently made claim that Loup was the Hector Macalister hanged by the Marquis of Argyll in 1647.[2] In fact, it appears to support the theory that Hector had stayed out of the rebellion entirely, despite his clansmen having fought and died for MacColla. After all, how could someone who had been in rebellion himself now be seen as sufficiently reliable to question others on their own involvement? A closer look at available records, however, hints at a more complicated story.
The Laird of Loup is first mentioned as an elder of the Kirk in May of 1643.[3] Such a position suggests that his commitment to the Presbyterian church, in terms not only spiritual but also political, was considered reliable. In the years after this, however, he disappears from church records, as do several of the Kintyre churchmen. In fact, it seems that something was amiss in the presbytery of Kintyre.[4] This is probably no coincidence. As has been mentioned previously, the loyalty of the Kintyre clans to the House of Argyll – and thus probably to his convictions – depended a great deal on their perception of Argyll's ability to enforce it. By May of 1644, the marquis was distracted by military matters and often out of the area. Meanwhile Alasdair MacColla had returned, supported by well-trained Irish troops and determined to regain at least some of the lands of his ancestors. The displaced Dunyvaig Macdonalds, to whom MacColla was closely related, had many friends in Kintyre – the Macalisters among them. By September of 1646, when "the troubles of the countrey" had left most of the parishes in the Synod of Argyll in chaos or abandoned, the presbytery of Kintyre was "under the power of the rebells".[5]
Although no documentary evidence exists of the position taken by Hector of Loup, the hints we have suggest that at this point, he had abandoned the Covenanters[6] and was himself one of those rebels. 'Macalister of the Loup' is named by a witness to the siege of Skipness Castle as one of those sent by MacColla to capture that Campbell stronghold[7], and the French diplomat Jean de Montereul also identified the Macalister chief as one of MacColla's men.[8] Based on the Macalisters' historical association with the Dunyvaig Macdonalds (and the fact that his daughter had recently married Alasdair MacColla himself), it is quite possible that Hector, like his clansmen, genuinely supported MacColla's efforts to recapture Macdonald lands. On the other hand, it's also possible that, finding himself surrounded by vengeful and destructive Macdonalds, he simply thought it prudent to bury his true allegiance and assume his forefathers' role as Clan Donald supporter.
In either case, the Macalister chief knew that his own survival depended on backing the victorious faction, and after MacColla's defeat at the Battle of Rhunahaorine Moss (27 May 1647) Hector appears to have switched sides again. According to Montereul's letter of 11 June 1647, "the same night two chiefs of the clans, Macneil and Macalister" went privately to General Leslie and offered to abandon MacColla, "with all their followers, if they were assured of their lives and of their property, which the Marquis of Argyle . . . promised them."[9]
Whether or not Argyll was really in a position to make such a promise is unclear. Leslie, not the marquis, was in charge. Certainly there were Macalisters killed, evicted or excommunicated for their part in MacColla's rising. But whatever his personal feelings, Macalister of Loup ultimately chose to align himself with Argyll and the Presbyterians. In return, as they did with many others, the Synod of Argyll apparently accepted as sincere his repentance for straying from the Covenant and restored him to the communion of the kirk.
[1]Minutes of the Synod of Argyll, vol. 1, p. 126
[2]The Hector Macalister hanged after Dunaverty was Hector of Glenlussa.
[3]Minutes, vol. 1, p. 65
[4]See for example Minutes, vol. 1, pp. 87, 93.
[6]Readers unfamiliar with the role of the Covenants in Scottish history and the English Civil War can find a brief summary here.
[7]Campbell of Airds, vol. 2, pp. 238-9
[8]Fotheringham, p. 151
Posted in 17th century, battles, Campbells of Argyll, Civil War (Scotland), Clan Donald, Kintyre, McAlester of Loup, Royalists Tagged Macdonald of Dunyvaig and the Glens
A Royal Summons
Posted on Friday, 26 April 2013 by Lynn McAlister, MA, FSA Scot
On this day in 1531, Donald Macalister was one of several men from the West Highlands and Hebrides summoned to appear before the king to answer for 'certain treasonous actions'. None of those named turned up, and a new summons was issued on the 28th. When they once again failed to appear, parliament granted them until the following year.[1]
The nature of Donald's 'treasonous actions' is not specified, but the early 1530s was a time of general turmoil in the Highlands. Two events of significance had occurred in 1529. First, James V, whose kingdom had been run during his childhood by several competing noblemen, began his personal rule. Among the first things he did was revoke all the land grants that had been made during his minority. This made both political and economic sense. Extensive grants had given too much power to regional strongmen such as (in Kintyre) the third Earl of Argyll, and the rentals collected by these men from their tenants often failed to reach the king's purse.[2] Nonetheless, revoking the grants inevitably meant a lot of unhappy, newly landless families, some of whom – such as the various branches of Clan Donald – were bound to cause trouble.
Second, the Earl of Argyll himself died in 1529. As occasionally happened, the Macdonalds of Islay and their allies – including the Macleans and the Macalisters (in the person of Donald's brother, Alexander of Loup) – took advantage of the situation to express their resentment of Argyll's rule: According to the Register of the Privy Seal, "they ravage[d] with fire and sword" the properties of Roseneath, Lennox, and Craignish, "killing at the same time many of the inhabitants".[3] For this they all came under the displeasure of the government and were 'put to the horn' in 1531.[4] It seems likely that Donald's crimes were similar to his brother's.
The fact that Donald et al. ignored the royal summons so blatantly illustrates the difficulties James faced in bringing his kingdom to heel. Whether the matter was ever resolved or not is unclear. Although both of his brothers were involved in the next Macdonald rising, in 1539, I've found no evidence yet of Donald's involvement. Perhaps he had learned his lesson. In any case, by 1540 they had all made their peace with the king – but while James granted Alexander and Ranald remission for their crimes, it was Donald he appointed Constable of Tarbert.[5]
[1] Records of the Parliaments of Scotland [1531/4]
[2] Donaldson, Scotland: James V-James VII, p. 43
[3] Gregory, p. 132
[4] Castleton, p. 166; someone 'put to the horn' was declared a rebel and subject to the forfeiture of his goods and property.
[5] Tarbert Castle had been given to the Campbells of Argyll in the previous century, and in later times the Macalisters held the castle as tenants of Argyll. However, James V had intentionally turned away from dependence on the Argyll family and had given more power to the Dunyvaig Macdonalds, to whom the Macalisters were allied. It seems likely that this is the explanation for Donald coming into possession of the castle at this time.
Posted in 16th century, Campbells of Argyll, Clan Donald, James V, Macalister of Tarbert, McAlester of Loup
A Letter to Argyll
Posted on Thursday, 14 March 2013 by Lynn McAlister, MA, FSA Scot
The Scottish parliamentary register for this day in 1689 records an interesting incident in which Alexander Macalister of Loup was involved. A French ship had arrived in Kintyre from Ireland, and Loup along with Angus Campbell of Kilberry had "secured and detained" the vessel and its passengers. These West Highland lairds then wrote to the Earl of Argyll asking him what they should do.[1]
Loup and Kilberry are described in Parliament's response as 'the searchers', which suggests that they may have been told to watch for unusual arrivals from Ireland. This is not unlikely. Less than six months had passed since the Glorious Revolution installed the Protestant William of Orange on the throne in London. An attempt by James VII to retake his kingdom, if it was to be made, would come from Ireland (where the ousted king was gathering his forces), and its success would depend heavily on help from Catholic France. A French ship arriving from Ireland was therefore not a welcome development at all, and Parliament responded quickly to the letter from Kintyre. Loup and Kilberry were authorised to bring both the ship and its passengers to Glasgow, enlisting the help of as many people as necessary to sail the ship and guard the prisoners, and to use whatever was carried in the ship to cover any expenses incurred. It was decreed that "the thanks of the estates be returned to the searchers for their diligence".[2]
What makes this event particularly interesting for Macalisters is that in November 1688 – about the time William of Orange was landing in England – Alexander of Loup was among the Kintyre lairds who had signed an address of loyalty to King James. Yet here he is only five months later, apparently helping Argyll to prevent James's return. In fact, Loup's behaviour makes perfect sense in context. In an interesting article of 1991, Paul Hopkins suggested that the men who signed November's address to King James were probably less concerned about who sat on the throne in faraway London than about its local repercussions. Specifically, they feared that if James were ousted, the Argyll family (whose extensive lands and enormous power had been taken from them after the 1685 rebellion) would rise again.[3] By March of 1689 those fears had proven justified; those who wished to survive in Kintyre were wise to remain on Argyll's good side.
But Hopkins also noted that although the "non-Campbell clans" of Kintyre consistently served the House of Argyll when it was too powerful to resist, they were quick to rebel when the opportunity arose. Indeed, only two months after being thanked by Parliament for his diligence in defending the kingdom against the Catholic threat, Loup was in arms against both Argyll and the new king, fighting for James VII in the first of the Jacobite risings.
[1]Records of the Parliaments of Scotland: 14 March 1689 (NAS. PA2/33, f.83v-84).
[2]RPS: 14 March 168 (NAS. PA2/33, f.84).
[3]Paul Hopkins, "Loup Hill, 16th May 1689: The First 'Battle' of Dundee's Jacobite War", Kintyre Magazine, Issue 29 (Spring 1991).
Posted in 17th century, Campbells of Argyll, Ireland, Jacobitism, James VII, McAlester of Loup, Scottish government, William of Orange
Macalisters of Askomilbeg
Posted on Friday, 31 August 2012 by Lynn McAlister, MA, FSA Scot
On this day in 1609, the Earl of Argyll, "attempting to replace the former displaced tenants of his in Kintyre . . . gave a charter of Askomilbeg to John Boyle, younger of Ballochmartin". Among the conditions included was one that forbade Boyle to sublet to anyone of the names Macdonald, Maclean, Macalister, or Macneil.[1] Ironically, this grant led within 50 years to a Macalister family holding not simply part, but all of the Askomilbeg property.
The restrictions on Boyle's charter were not, as might now be assumed, a case of Argyll trying to squeeze out the Macdonalds (or anyone else). The lands in question already belonged to him, and the former tenants had been displaced not by him but by the government's repeated attempts to stop the Macdonald-Maclean feud, which had wreaked havoc on Kintyre for half a century. Both of the warring chiefs were kinsmen of Argyll, and the earl had in fact interceded with the king numerous times on their behalf. But the king (James VI) had had enough, and, as he would also do in Ulster, he had decided to effect a 'plantation' in Kintyre, hoping an influx of 'civilised' (i.e., English-speaking, Protestant, and loyal) tenants would finally bring this area under royal control. Regardless of Argyll's personal feelings, he held his own lands only as a subject of the king, and he was smart enough to abide – at least on paper – by the king's wishes.
Although the grant was made in 1609, John Boyle of Ballochmartin did not finally take possession of the Askomilbeg property until 1618 – perhaps indicating the difficulty of actually clearing out the previous tenants.[2] In time, he passed the property on to his son. Evidently, however, there were no grandsons, or at least none that survived; with the death of Boyle's son, the lands fell to a granddaughter, Finuella. Finuella had married Archibald Macalister[3], and so the property came to him. Archibald was thereafter known as Macalister of Askomilbeg, as were at least three generations of his family after him. These Macalisters remained in possession of Askomilbeg until 1745.
[1] Campbell, A History of Clan Campbell, vol. 2, p. 151.
[2] Campbell, ibid.
[3] The identity of this Archibald is unclear to me. The name Archibald was used much more widely by the Tarbert family than by the Loup line, but it did occur from time to time. It's also possible that this Archibald belonged to one of the lesser Macalister families in Kintyre, or perhaps to the Clann Alasdair Bheag.
Posted in 17th century, Campbells of Argyll, Macalisters, Plantation of Kintyre Tagged Macalister of Askomilbeg, Macdonald of Dunyvaig and the Glens, Maclean of Duart


Studio Equator's Ben Fretard and Dale Mastin ran a workshop as part of the AGIdeas International Design Conference, a group of eight amazing students visit our studio, learn project's insights, saw our environment and got down and dirty with us.
After a few drinks and some delicious sushi by SalonDeSushi we proceeded to create a fun and interactive mural on front room's glass. The exercise was bold, fast and fun…I hope everyone had a good tie and got a little taste of our madness..


Good general info for parents and parents-to-be with email newsletter tailored for the age of your child or your due date.
Similar to Baby Centre but includes a surprisingly accurate gender predictor if you're expecting. If you're already a parent, have a look to see if it was correct.
Chaos in the title but the website is anything but. A growing but already comprehensive source of non-patronising information from pre-pregnancy to the first year of life.
Not just details of their activities and campaigns but also advice on several parenting issues.
The NCT has many local groups which can be contacted through this website. I recommend the nearly-new sales (but get there early) and the ante-natal classes which mostly happen in the evenings (again, book early).
Good source of Moltex Oko disposable nappies and other environmentally-friendly and natural products.
Treat the mum-to-be and save money. This shop has thousands of items of used and end-of-line maternity wear, usually with one careful owner for 6 to 9 months.
Offers a range of parent coaching services including for dads and dads-to-be. Also runs activity weekends for fathers and sons in the New Forest (UK).
From the site: "A resource for the average family to find financial resources with a conservative slant." That's conservative in the financial sense, or rather financial common sense.


text:
Homebrew Skills, Feats, and Abilities
Here you can find delicious homebrew feats, skills and abilities!
Homebrew Feats
Cleavage Portal
Cleavage Portal Version 2
Exotic Proficiency (Reload)
Combined Attack
Combined Finishing Move
Homebrew Skills
Wall Running
Z-Running
Iaijutsu Focus
Requirements: Female/trap only, must be "large" enough to have a cleavage, and exposed in some manner. Sorry guys and manly men, moobs and FUCKHUEG pecs don't count.
This feat allows the character to store an immense amount of bullets/ammunition within the cleavage of the breasts.
Note: the larger the cleavage, the more can be stored. At a "deep cleavage," an infinite amount can be stored. This is entirely under the GM's approval.
Requirements: Butt crack must be "large" enough to be counted as cleavage, and exposed in some manner. This is entirely under the GM's approval.
This is a much more gender-friendly version of the original feat, allowable for all sexes (and I do mean ALL sexes) so long as they have "ass cleavage." Follows the same routine as Cleavage Portal Version 1. Same note too.
This feat allows the character to be able to reload a gun completely from illogical, impossible and/or improbable means. Allows for simply awesome reloading capabilities and sequences.
Examples include: spinning in a circle while whirling a revolver around to collect bullets floating in midair/falling from above, plucking bullets out of mid-air and reloading your gun immediately, and/or completely not having to answer how a Witch-Gunslinger reloads his/her stiletto heel guns.
Further examples: Grenadier, Bayonetta, Zombieland (the very last battle, and no not the zombie clown one)
There are combined attacks, than there are THE combined attacks. This represents the evolution of special attacks, allowing two conflicting signature styles and/or attacks to be combined in ways that are far more powerful than they were alone.
Keep in mind, this is different then the BESM d20 Combined Attack AND the Feat "Combined Attack." Unlike both, which allows any two people (or more) to combine attacks, this is specifically between those two people only.
The rulings are as follows:
First and foremost, each person involved MUST have THIS particular feat (designate it as "[Name of person 1] and [Name of person 2] Combined Attack") as designated here.
Both people must be using a Special Attack. This will be done with absolute no penalties upon doing it. Nor does the enemy (unless specified) get a defense roll. The attack completely ignores AC and force fields of any kind (unless specified).
The new combined special attack delivers every single status effect upon the enemy with no save.
After declaring the use of this feat, both users roll an attack roll. The damage of the combined special attack is the combined damage x2. If one person gets a 20, then the combined special attack damage goes up to x5. If both get a 20, then it shoots up to x10.
On the other hand, if one rolls a 1, then the combined damage is halved with no status effects whatsover. If both roll a 1, then they are gonna get completely hosed: they take the combined damage instead from "backlash," are knocked out for 1d10 rounds, and are suffering 1d4 points damage per round until they awaken. They also get to enjoy suffering the very effects they attempted to slam onto the original target.
If the chosen action during this combined move are special attacks, then it's up to the GM to spin it should the two be "polar opposite" types of one another (say, Fire-Ice or Poison-Healing). Ultimately though, polar opposite special attacks work better than similar ones, and this should be represented by the GM. Mostly, if the two combined specials are opposite types, then the target must roll a "Do-or-Die" percentile roll to determine if they are able to take such powerful, yet opposing forces against them.
Upon declaring this move, all parties involved will be unable to do anything the next round save moving five feet. It takes up half the current hp of all parties involved, and drains all their energy as well. It must be declared at the time of the "fastest" involved party (which eats up their entire round, so to speak), and will begin at the "slowest" one's turn.
This version of Combined Attack can NOT stack, and a new one must be taken each time for each new person added, whether as a group or individually.
For all intents and purposes, this version of Combined Attack also acts as a replacement to the Feat from the BESM d20 book…unless specified by the player.
Hellbladers get this for free at level 2, but must designate who the second person is…eventually.
This simple feat allows two people (or more) to perform a combined finishing move.
The combined finishing move is declared upon the fastest person's move, and is performed on the slowest involved (fast and slow determined by initiative). Declaration and performance is considered a full-round action. All involved in the finishing move MUST roll a 1d30 (or 1d20 + 1d10) and score at least a 20 each.
Combined finishing moves follows the same exact rules and judgment basis as regular finishing moves except the following:
all involved gain style points for performing it.
the 5 maximum style points is expanded to 10 maximum.
all involved must have at least a little bit of time to help deliver the descriptor.
Note: the "negs" involved with delivery are also changed slightly. Usually you have to let the GM know that you aren't comfortable with public speech and/or vocal delivery so he can judge properly and without bias. Well, that's thrown RIGHT OUT THE WINDOW with the Combined Finishing Move. Instead, those who are stronger in delivery will be allowed to do "most" of the Move, though those who are not so strong in delivery MUST perform at least some of the delivery, and the transition MUST be smooth.
The GM isn't being an asshole, y'know. This is just one way to allow for those who can deliver strongly to also back up and support those who cannot. You know who you are.
Costs 1 free feat slot or 8 style points
Prerequisites: Int 16+, Knowledge (engineering) or (electronics) rank 6, knowledge (mechanics) rank 6
Quickens technological and magitek item builds.
Every 8 energy points invested adds the equivalent of mechanical genius+1 as a temporary bonus towards the very next thing created by the tech genius.
This represents the parkour-esque ability to run along walls, a useful skill considering how many traps there could be in a given dungeon. Keep in mind that Tower Shields cannot be used in Wall Running 1 or 2, but only in 3.
Maximum 3 ranks
1 Skill Point per Rank
Allows the user to wallrun for about 5 seconds, enough to get around one ground-based trap. Allows the user to wallrun with no armor on at all.
Requires Rank 1 Wall Running. Allows the user to wallrun for about 30 seconds or so with a higher (or lower) degree of arc to said run, and to fire off one attack while doing so. Allows the user to wallrun with light or medium armor on.
Requires Rank 2 Wall Running. Allows the user to wallrun for about 1 minute in any direction (horizontal, vertical) with no arc at all if need be, and to fire off as many attacks as the user can up to the lowest base attack bonus. Allows the user to wallrun with heavy or worse armor on.
Z-Running is used, and useful for, a lot more than you might think. It's a common skill, but an advanced one, one that allows the user to move in ways that are both unexpected, illogical, and downright physics-defying. Z-Running is a trained skill, but instructors and facilities can be found just about anywhere.
Requires Wall-Running Rank 1. This rank represents the user's uncanny ability to simply move in a straight line while running around, over, under, or sometimes through objects that might be in their path without breaking stride. Some people would say that this is the basic philosophy behind the real-life Parkour/Freestyle ability.
Requires Wall-Running Rank 1. This rank represents the user's growing prowess over basic movement and their own anatomy, the ability to maneuver through tough situations while still maintaining stride. This also represents the time when the user's view on situational movement begins to increase in strength and clarity, and provides the user a small bonus on insight rolls, situational modifiers, and other nonsuch.
Requires Wall-Running Rank 3. To put it at it's simplest, reality is your bitch. There is nothing you can't overcome, rebound around, bounce off of, or otherwise maneuver about. Skyscraper rooftops are your friends, you can perform feats of marvels and movement that would astound the normal imagination, and can basically Jackie Chan (on crack, steroids, and chili peppers) your way through any situation provided that you know the environment…which you probably do. Even better, you could dodge from car roof to car roof, building to building, along power poles and scale cliffs, all without breaking stride. Movement modifiers are almost always considered a "Take 20" situation, and this even grants a +2 Reflex save bonus.
The Iaijutsu Focus Skill. Improved by Charisma ability modifier, this is the skill used to determine whether or not the Iaijutsu is performed properly. It is used in place of Attack Roll + Base Attack Bonus, or (later on) it can be used to determine a Double Crit after it's made available in Chapter 7. Iaijutsu Focus Skill is ONLY available to jobs able to use a Iaijutsu Strike.
page revision: 11, last edited: 22 Nov 2010 01:43
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Marvel Untold MUX

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Visit our Directions page for a map with information about how to visit Annunciation Byzantine Catholic Church.
MOSAIC OF CHRIST THE TEACHER (PANTOCRATOR).
In the ancient world, kings, emperors, judges and teachers would sit as they exercised their duties. The Scriptures, in general, see Christ as the promised successor of King David seated on his throne, and specifically, the book of Revelation sees Him and the Father as occupying thrones in heaven.
This dazzling mosaic, made of thousands of pieces of miniature glass tessera, depicts Christ in His glory blessings with His right hand, while holding an ornate Gospel Book in His left. His Holy Gospel contains His words of eternal life that he bequeaths to his Faithful with the instruction, "Go therefore into all nations baptizing them, in the Name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit." We have been saved for a purpose: to be collaborators with our Lord Christ in the salvation of the world.


text:
Nigerian Navy Says Pirate Attacks Fall 68% From 2016
By Elisha Bala-Gbogbo (Bloomberg) — The Nigerian navy said pirate attacks in the country's territorial waters fell 68 percent year-on-year in the first half of this year.
"In the first half of 2016, 53 pirate attacks on shipping were recorded with 36 successful," Suleman Dahun, the navy's director of information, said Wednesday in an emailed statement. "In the corresponding period in 2017, only four successful attacks occurred out of a total of 17 attempted attacks."
The drop in cases was the result of the navy's "enhanced patrols" of the country's Atlantic waters to deter pirates that made the area one of the most dangerous globally for shipping, according to the navy.
© 2017 Bloomberg L.P
By Ellen Francis (Reuters) – Interpol has issued red notices for the captain and owner of the ship that carried the chemicals which devastated Beirut in an explosion in August, killing 200...
China Issues New VLSFO Marine Fuel Export Quotas
By Chen Aizhu (Reuters) – China has issued 5 million tonnes of clean marine fuel export quotas in the first release for 2021, to five companies including a private refiner,...
Trump Seeks Sanctions On European Subsea Gas Pipeline
By Andrea Shalal (Reuters) – The United States is urging European allies and private companies to halt work that could help build the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline and...


text:
Teens immersed in Israel's culture, context
By NJJN Staff	November 28, 2018, 12:28 pm Edit
During the simulated "Chopped" competition, New Jersey students Maya Mehlman of Springfield, second from left, and Adi David of Livingston, far right, and other teammates present their hummus creation to the judges.
FOUR NEW Jersey teens were among 24 high school students who gathered on the Emory University campus in Atlanta Oct. 26-28 for the second Teen Israel Leadership Institute.
They are Maya Mehlman, a junior at Jonathan Dayton High School in Springfield; Adi David, a senior at Livingston High School; and sophomores Sabrina Burns, Fort Lee High School, and Olivia Brown, Glen Rock High School.
Hosted by the Center for Israel Education and the Emory Institute for the Study of Modern Israel — which emphasize documentary evidence in the study of Israel but do not advocate specific views — and supported in part by a grant from the Legacy Heritage Fund, the institute featured activities designed to expand students' understanding of Israel and Zionism and help them plan educational programs in their hometowns.
The other teens came from Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, New York, Michigan, and California.
Kelly Cohen, director of JumpSpark, the Atlanta Jewish teens' initiative, led a session in which the students developed program goals and outlines. Other activities, said CIE vice president Rich Walter, included the students' forming a human timeline representing Zionist and Israeli events, a Knesset simulation, and a session on Israeli hip-hop. Among the experiential games played was a version of the Food Network show "Chopped," in which six teams competed in a hummus-making contest.
CIE president Ken Stein led two sessions to help the teens confront the Israeli-Arab conflict; one program included the Abrahamic Reunion, a team of Jewish, Muslim, Christian, and Druze leaders who explored different perspectives on Israel's independence.
The students joined more than 100 Emory students for Shabbat dinner and services at Emory's Marcus Hillel Center.
The institute also addressed anti-Semitism, a topic that took on unexpected immediacy when the massacre occurred at the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh while the teens were worshiping and studying at the Hillel.


It looked like it might happen – and it did. One to three inches of snow was predicted for Christmas day in North Texas. We had planned to leave Dallas for Woodcreek Ranch, our other home 65 miles north of Dallas, before the "storm" hit. (I hear you laughing) Once that happened there would be no leaving Dallas until the roads cleared. Texas drivers are not known for their ability to handle slick or icy roads. Visions of pile-ups danced before my eyes.
We beat the traffic and drove up in the rain that preceded the snow. The first snowflakes started to fall shortly after we arrived. It's not often that we get a real snow, maybe once every four or five years, more likely at Woodcreek than Dallas. Snow on Christmas day is even more unusual. But here it was. Not the biggest, but definitely more than a dusting.
Snow on the pastures, snow around the ponds, on the trail. Whiteness everywhere. Quiet.
December 26. The sun is out today. Temperatures are rising. Soon it will all be gone. But this year we had a white Christmas in Texas. Yes!
Photos by Cecelia Feld. Copyright 2012. All rights reserved.
17 degrees! I kid you not. That's what the thermometer said one morning this week. It was 26 degrees the morning before that. Nobody believes me when I say, "we really do have winter in Texas." We live in North Texas, after all. What that means is that before you have time to pile on all those layers (which will come off by noon) it will feel like spring or fall again.
A crisp, but not freezing, winter day will find me walking the Tally-Ho Trail (named by my granddaughter) on our property called Woodcreek Ranch. We cut through the woods, removing only as many trees as necessary to create a winding trail which follows Choctaw Creek. The creek is deep and wide and carries huge amounts of water when it rains hard. Unfortunately, that hasn't happened in a while. Like most of Texas, we are sorely in need of rain.
The trail dips and rises for about 1½ miles. While I have photographed it in all seasons except summer (I'd rather be in Colorado), winter is my favorite. At this time the lines, shapes and textures of everything, the elements that are the essence of my paintings, prints and collages, really come into focus. This is the time of year when color plays second fiddle to everything else.
I invite you to walk the Talley-Ho Trail with me and see it through my eyes.
No need to bundle up!


text:
Will bootleg N Korean 'missile fuel' find its way to Japan?
Read the news about North Korea or watch the same on TV, and you're bound to see a stream of menacing threats from its rotund leader -- who feels increasingly provoked by international sanctions against his regime. The threats may involve nuclear weapons, or tests of some new type of long-range or short-range missile.
Writing figuratively, monthly subculture magazine Jitsuwa Knuckles (February) puts a new twist on this topic. It relates to what it raunchily refers to as "missiles of the night," which are powered by "Yangchun Samnok." Written with the Chinese characters meaning sun-spring-ginseng-deer, this is the Kim regime's own select formulation of erectile dysfunction medication.
The capsules, in blister packs of 10 to a case, are said to be transported out of the country by North Korean government operatives or private merchants, who peddle it in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region in China's Jilin Province, across the Yalu River from Korea. In Yanji and other cities on the Chinese side of the border can be found numerous coffee shops and massage parlors where female escapees from North Korea work off their debts to brokers in the sex trade. It is also here that the male customers seek out the North Korean elixir.
"They're can also be found in the government-operated restaurants where pretty young North Korean women put on music and dance performances," says a local in the know. "Lay out 1,000 Japanese yen for a box of the capsules and you'll receive change."
Reporter Jiro Kanemasa also found boxes of Yangchun Samnok alongside ginseng and other North Korean products in local souvenir shops, as well as in drug stores selling herbal medications. The labeling on the packages identify several different producers of the drug, including the "Korean Ginseng Pharmaceuticals Plant" and the "Sogam Drugstore."
Although the packaged instructions suggest taking "two to three capsules 30 minutes before intercourse," Kanemasa reduced the dosage of just one pill, which he washed down with a cup of water.
Ten minutes later, in the confines of a private cubicle at a massage parlor, he felt a warming sensation and increased heartbeat, and a prelaunch stirring of the missile inside his trousers even before he was able to slip them off.
Within the allotted time he managed to achieve two jousts with his companion. To which he joyously erupted "Mansei" (Korean for banzai).
It appears that in addition to Viagra's active ingredient sildenafil citrate, the North Korean formulation includes native ingredients. Ergo Yangchun Samnok is a preparation where one might say west meets east. To meet international demand, the drug can be found labeled in Korean, Chinese, English and Russian.
"This stuff really does the trick, and it can be purchased over the counter without prescription in Russia, South Korea and China. Sooner or later I suppose it will turn up on the black market in Japan," Kanemasa's local source is quoted as saying.
If there's a downside, it's the realization that outlays for Kim's solid missile fuel may go toward the development of real missiles that are aimed at the U.S. or Japan. And that's a bit of a turn-off, the writer concludes.
nandakandamanda
Jan. 11	10:15 am JST
Sounds like free advertisement for the North's equivalent to what China and the South have been selling for years. You can even buy several varieties at Incheon, and the size of the crowds attests to their interest. I guess the North is looking for new sources of income.
1glenn
At this point, I am not sure that economic sanctions against NK do much except increase the suffering of the NK populace. Kim has nuclear weapons, and he has delivery systems, so he is not likely to be subject to a drone strike, like the one that took out Suleimani. We are back to where we were during the Cold War, where it was understood that anyone using nuclear weapons would be subject to a nuclear counter strike.
TrevorPeace
The stuff works? Glad I can still get it up without a pill!
extanker
Ok credit where credit is due, I thought I was about to read an article about the North Korean missile program and got a good laugh.
NCIS Reruns
I asked a friend in China, who told me it's being sold online via Taobao and other major e-retailers. So North Korea must be exporting it in considerable quantities to supply a market of that size.
New Toyosu fish market already sinking on its foundations


Thanks to Beaba Australia we are giving away one BÉABA Babycook® Limited Edition Macarons baby food maker, valued at $289.
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Prizes: 1 x BÉABA Babycook® Limited Edition Macarons baby food maker, valued at $289.
Promotional Period. The Promotion will be open from 2pm Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) on Friday 02 March 2018 until 2pm AEST on Thursday 29 March 2018.
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In this world, we is an exhibition exploring visual representations of Chinese rural migrant workers through videos, printed images, reports, and an installation, all produced in the past two decades. Since China's economic reform in the 1980s, hundreds of millions of people from rural areas moved to cities to earn their living—a change in population that constitutes one of the largest internal migrations of the contemporary world.
Dominant media representations portray these workers as a generic mass of former peasants, who appear interchangeable, while also casting them as symbols of dreams and upward mobility in big cities. In this world, wechallenges this homogenous field of representation by bringing together works of art by Liu Chuang, Li Jinghu, Antje Ehmann and Harun Farocki, alongside investigative materials from the non-governmental organization China Labor Watch. Together, they draw attention to the migrant workers' subjectivity and their lives as individuals.
Liu Chuang's Love Story (2006-2015) presents anonymous workers' personal notes, written inside copies of popular romance novels, which reveal a desire for self-expression and leave traces to be found by other workers. In this world, we will present selected copies of archival images from these novels. (The exhibition title itself comes from an unfinished phrase from one of these notes.) In the installation Waterfall (2016), artist Li Jinghu invited migrant workers in the industrial town of Chang'an to film water running from the taps of their apartments; these videos play on multiple connected smartphones to form a single digital waterfall flowing down the gallery wall. The exhibition also includes selected videos from Labour in a Single Shot (Hangzhou) (2014), part of a video documentation project initiated by Antje Ehmann and Harun Farocki. Investigative materials from China Labor Watch, a non-governmental organization, reveal the often hidden details of working conditions that the workers experience daily.
In this world, we invites viewers into the workers' personal domains, not usually accessible to the public, through an assembly of fragments–the only way in which their everyday activities can be glimpsed.


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Like many, her own personal journey with health issues and victory over them has been the catalyst and that lead to her passion for her career. Poor health, allergies, and digestive issues were considered normal for her as a child. Though she was active in sports and school she had to put a great deal of effort in behind the scenes to function. Gluten intolerance and food sensitivities were never brought up, nor were they thought of as being part of the cause. Her family tree is full of Crohn's disease, IBS, chronic digestive issues, lung and heart issues, cancer on both sides, eye diseases, and blindness…Quite frankly she was dealt a genetic mess!
Poor life habits, and an absolute detachment to the cause and effect of her choices coupled with her genetics finally came to a head at age 20. Life as she knew it was forever changed. She was on 2 competitive fast pitch softball teams, power lifting, working full time, and going to New Mexico State University when a series of injuries and her first hospitalization for an acute digestive tract attack occurred. During the course of that year she lost about 30 pounds due to her bodies inability to keep up or process foods as it should, and she was hospitalized a second time. She was left with no clear answers and a hospital bill of over $30,000 that she was personally responsible for. To put that into perspective, that is the equivalent to over $80,000 today. She was broke and sick. She was no longer able to compete, work out, or function like a 20 year old should. She felt like she was trapped in an 85 year old body. Depression, chronic abdominal discomfort, chemical sensitivities, allergies, muscle weakness, pain, and extreme fatigue were her lot in life at age 20 she thought.
People have a moment in life that puts them at a crossroads, this was hers. On one side of the path was her family genetics with all her relatives that had chronic conditions as her guide. They were following the traditional medicine approach, taking medications and not really doing anything in an effort to change. On the other side was the "What if" path, as she saw it. This moment in time was her fork in the road. She could continue on and go down the same path as her family, OR, do the complete opposite and see what happens. As an "experiment" at first, she chose to do the opposite. This experiment proved to change the course of her health and life. Thus began the journey of trial and error and a relentless pursuit to put the pieces of her puzzle together. No matter the barrier, and there were many (financial, lack of knowledge, lack of information, lack of expertise, lack of support). She never let those things be her "excuse" for not getting healthy. She always found a way and took personal responsibility for her life. She pushed through and her tenacity paid off, she turned her health and her life around. It did not happen overnight. It was a long process, but the results were nothing less than amazing.
Lisa's ability to draw on personal experience to help guide patients is invaluable. She has dedicated her adult life to helping people achieve their goals in health and life. Who better to coach you than one who has been there?
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text:
What Materials Can Replace Steel?
Russian president demanded that exports of Russian gas to "unfriendly" countries be settled in rubles. The demand has raised concerns in Germany about possible supply disruptions and the impact on industry and households if utilities do not pay in robles. Europe gets about 40% of its gas from Russia. Last year, Europe imported about 155 billion cubic meters. Germany, Europe's largest economy, depends heavily on Russian gas.
The chief executive of Germany's E.ON said the German economy would face "significant damage, which should be avoided if possible" without Russian supplies. He also said it would take Germany three years to wean itself off Russian gas.
In the event of a supply disruption, Germany's gas network regulator would prioritize home heating over industrial use, so energy-hungry manufacturers such as steelmakers would be the first to suffer, he said.
The volatile international situations will continue to affect the markets and prices of many commodities like the titanium carbide powder.
We use steel to build houses, parks, and playgrounds. If steel no longer exists, or if we have to build cities on Mars, what materials can replace steel?
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP)
It was first heard in 1940. Fiberglass has no steel in it, but it is very hard: An 8mm thick glass plate cannot be penetrated by a speeding bullet.
To make fiberglass, glass is first melted and drawn into wires. Glass fiber is very elastic and can be spun into cloth. Fiberglass or glass-reinforced plastics are made by pressing layers of glass cloth together and adding heat treatment to a hot-melt plastic.
The mechanical strength of fiberglass is comparable to that of steel, but it weighs only a quarter of that of steel, so it's very light. Moreover, fiberglass does not rust, and does not conduct electricity.
Glass fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) is a new technological material, which is light, beautiful, and strong, and can be used to make car bodies, motorboat hulls, railway carriages, construction materials, etc. The body of a car made of fiberglass weighs just over 150 kilograms. Fiberglass powerboats don't rust and rot, and they can be made into one piece without splicing. If the body of the boat breaks somewhere, just put some adhesive resin around it and put pieces of glass cloth on it.
The use of FRP is more and more extensive. In the military, FRP is used to make light tanks and gunboats, and in sports, FRP is used to make pole vaulting poles and bows for archery. In life, FRP is also used to manufacture furniture and kitchen bath equipment, such as bathtubs, sinks, which are beautiful, light, strong, and durable.
Iron and steel materials have many advantages, but it also has many defects, such as not corrosion resistance, not high-temperature resistance, not being hard enough, and heat insulation. Ceramics make up for these defects.
We all know that ceramics are fragile. After analyzing the composition of ordinary ceramics, scientists believe that one of its main materials, clay containing more impurities, is the source of ordinary ceramics' easy cracking. So, a silver-gray silicon nitride ceramic was made by mixing sand, starch, and zirconia in a nitrogen-filled furnace at 1,400 °C for seven hours.
This colorful high-tech ceramic, with almost the same specific weight as aluminum, can withstand high temperatures of more than 1500℃, and has very good toughness, and amazing hardness, only diamond can cut it. Since then, silicon carbide, zirconia, titanium carbide, toughened alumina, and other new ceramic materials have come out.
Different high-tech ceramics with different compositions have their own use.
Zirconia ceramics, for example, are particularly resistant to wear, corrosion, and high temperatures. Engine cylinders made of zirconia do not need a cooling system so that the heat generated by fuel combustion in the cylinder can be converted into the power required by the car to the maximum. In addition, the new cylinder is hard, not easy to wear, and the acid gas is formed by the decomposition of fuel oil corrosion. Therefore, this high-tech ceramic automobile engine has a long service life, high power, low manufacturing cost, and can save a lot of metal materials and 30% of the fuel consumption.
More interesting is that the cutting tool is made of high-tech zirconium-containing ceramics, once the knife body is impacted by external forces and cracks, it will automatically expand, and the cracks will be closed. Zirconia ceramic scissors, the blade is not blunt, rust not crack, known as never scrap "long life scissors".
The development of high and new technology can make ceramic become harder than iron and steel, and also can make it as ductile and plastic as copper, aluminum, and other non-ferrous metals. Titanium oxide ceramics, for example, are ground into extremely fine grains and, with a binder, melted into sheets at high temperatures. Simply heat the sheet to 1809°C and crush it. The result is a wavy ceramic plate. Another calcium fluoride ceramic, even when heated to 80℃, takes on the characteristics of extrusion deformation.
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Twitter recently announced that it had reached an agreement with Musk to take full ownership of the company for $54.20 per share, or about $44 billion in cash. After the deal, Twitter will become a privately held company. The deal, which has been unanimously approved by Twitter's board but still requires shareholder and regulatory approvals, is expected to close in 2022.
After Tesla CEO Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter was finalized, Twitter founder Jack Dorsey sent out a series of six tweets expressing his expectations for Musk.
Dorsey called Twitter his biggest regret, saying, "The idea and service is all that matters to me, and I will do whatever it takes to protect both. Twitter as a company has always been my sole issue and my biggest regret. It has been owned by Wall Street and the ad model. Taking it back from Wall Street is the correct first step.
"In principle, I don't believe anyone should own or run Twitter," Dorsey goes on. He thinks the service is a public good.
He called Musk a "singular solution" to Twitter's problems, "Elon's goal of creating a platform that is" Maximally trusted and inclusive "is the right one." He wrote, "Thank you both for getting the company out of an impossible situation. This is the right path... I believe it with all my heart."
Besides, because of the ever-changing international situation, the supply and prices of international bulk titanium carbide powder are still very uncertain.
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text:
The Environmental Importance of Copper Recycling
Copper is an essential trace element that is necessary for plant and animal health. Moderate excess exposure to copper is not associated with health risks.
As with other metals, there are significant environmental benefits to the recycling of copper. These include solid waste diversion, reduced energy requirements for processing, and natural resource conservation. For example, the energy requirements of recycled copper are as much as 85 to 90% less than the processing of new copper from virgin ore. In terms of conservation, copper is a non-renewable resource, although only 12% of known reserves have been consumed. Known U.S. reserves of copper are thought to total 1.6 billion metric tons, with production concentrated in Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, and Montana. About 99% of domestic production is generated from 20 mines.
An emerging environmental challenge for copper is its use in the ever-increasing production of electrical products that still experience low recycling rates. This trend is changing for the better, however, through electronics recycling initiatives.
Ranking immediately behind Chile in copper production, the United States is largely self-sufficient in copper supply. The U.S. produces roughly 8% of the world's copper generation. Almost half of U.S. copper output comes from recycled material, however. In 2010, U.S. recyclers processed 1.8 million metric tons of copper for domestic use and export, second only to aluminum among nonferrous metals, which saw 4.6 million tonnes recycled.
Slightly over one-half of recycled copper scrap is new scrap recovery including chips and machine turnings, with the rest being old post-consumer scraps such as electrical cable, old radiators, and plumbing tube.
Previous:Information About Copper and Copper Recycling Next:IFAT 2020 is canceled—next IFAT: May 30 to June 3, 2022


text:
Q: Mysql Inner Join Query I am new in Mysql query.
I have 2 tables (tbl1, tbl2)
i need to join the two tables with start_time ascending order and filtered the date and emp_id
Here tables fields are different(start-time -> in-time, end-time -> out-time)
tbl-1:

id      start-time      end-time        date            emp_id

1       09:00:00        09:00:59        2014-05-14        1

2       10:00:00        10:00:59        2014-05-14        1

3       12:00:00        12:00:59        2014-05-14        1

4       14:00:00        14:00:59        2014-05-14        1

5       16:00:00        17:00:59        2014-05-13        1

tbl-2:

id      in-time         out-time        date            emp_id

1       11:00:00        11:00:59        2014-05-14        1

2       13:00:00        13:00:59        2014-05-14        1

3       15:00:00        15:00:59        2014-05-14        1

4       18:00:00        19:00:59        2014-05-14        2

5       20:00:00        20:00:59        2014-05-15        1

filterd by date, emp_id ordered by date

result-tbl:

id      start-time      end-time        date            emp_id

1       09:00:00        09:00:59        2014-05-14        1

2       10:00:00        10:00:59        2014-05-14        1

3       11:00:00        11:00:59        2014-05-14        1

4       12:00:00        12:00:59        2014-05-14        1

5       13:00:00        13:00:59        2014-05-14        1

6       14:00:00        14:00:59        2014-05-14        1

7       15:00:00        15:00:59        2014-05-14        1

A: I don't think you want a join. I think you want a union all along with a method to re-assign the ids.  Something like:
select (@rn := @rn + 1) as id, intime as starttime, outtime as outtime, emp_id
from ((select * from tbl1)
      union all
      (select * from tbl2)
     ) t cross join
     (select @rn := 0) var
where emp_id = 1 and
      intime <= '18:00:00'
order by intime;

A: Do you want to have a union of the records?
select in_time, out_time, date, emp_id from tbl1
union all
select star_time, end_time, date, emp_id from tbl2
order by in_time, out_time, date, emp_id;

EDIT: plus filter:
select in_time, out_time, date, emp_id from tbl1
where emp_id = 1 and date = '2014-05-14'
union all
select star_time, end_time, date, emp_id from tbl2
where emp_id = 1 and date = '2014-05-14'
order by in_time, out_time;

A: This might solve your issue.
select *
from (
        select id,star_time,end_time,date,emp_id
        from tbl1
        where [date-filter-condition]
        union all
        select id,in_time as star_time,out_time end_time,date,emp_id
        from tbl2
        where [date-filter-condition]
) tmp
where tmp.date==[some-date-filter] and tmp.emp_id=[some-emp-id-filter]
order by tmp.date

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Q: jQuery(this) weird propagation bug? It looks like for some people this question is not clear.
Desired effect:
To remove the class of the element which has the mouse over it.
Problem:
The class removal affects to all the elements with same class even though I'm using jQuery(this) to point to the element.
I have the following html:

And this jQuery:
if(jQuery('#stars_rater').length > 0)
{
    jQuery('.rater').on('mousemove', function(e)
    {
        var parentOffset = jQuery(this).offset();
        var relX = e.pageX - parentOffset.left;
        var number = Number(jQuery(this).attr('id').substring(6));
        var current_id = jQuery(this).attr('id');
        rating = 0;
        if(relX < (jQuery(this).width()/2))
        {
            rating = ((number-1)+0.5);
//          jQuery(this).removeClass();
            jQuery(this).addClass('wp-svg-star-1');
            jQuery(this).addClass('star-1');
        }
    });
}

Everything works fine till I get to the commented line. The remove class and following actions are applied to all the elements with class .rater, instead being applied to the jQuery(this).
If I remove this line the script works as expected.
Things I have tried regarding the conflictive line:
jQuery('#rater_'number).removeClass('class','');
jQuery(this).attr('class','');

Things I have tried for attaching the event in a different way
jQuery('#rater_1, #rater_2, #rater_3, #rater_4, #rater_5').on('mousemove', function(e)

None of this action have solved the issue.


I had 1 hour to make this Gift Certificate Holder for my sister; power stamping time! The name of the recipient was whited out in the above photo; explaining the strange white spot. And yes, I do offer Gift Certificates and am happy to make you a festive and fun holder for Christmas, a Birthday, Mother's Day, or any occasion!
The size of the Gift Certificate is 8" x 3 1/4", so I used a piece of Crumb Cake cardstock that measured 8 1/2" x 8 1/2", scored at 2 1/2" and 6". Then I made a border using the Ribbon Border punch and Cherry Cobbler cardstock. It was attached using SNAIL adhesive and the opening on the flap for the Gift Certificate was made using the Wide Oval Punch. I used Sticky Strip to adhere the edges of the certificate flap. Finally, I stamped the snowball on the front flap using Crumb Cake ink.
For the Snowman (Snow Much Fun stamp set), I stamped the image using Stazon Black Ink onto Shimmery White cardstock that was die cut using the 3" circle die and backed it with a Cherry Cobbler cardstock scallop circle I die cut using the Scallops Circles #2 die.
I got the inspiration for this card from fellow Demonstrator, Diana Gibbs; she is a fantastic artist; thanks Diana! I colored the snowman using Rose Red, Cherry Cobbler, Crumb Cake, Soft Suede, Baja Breeze, Basic Black, and Pumpkin Pie Markers. Then I used 2-way glue and Dazzling Diamonds on some parts of the image to give it some BLING!
I hope you like the holder and feel free to contact me at stampingmaria@yahoo.com if you'd like to purchase a Gift Certificate! Have a great Monday!
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text:
NOVA Region Dashboard
Economically Disadvantaged of
Incorporated Towns
While Northern Virginia is known for having communities with some of the highest median incomes in the United States, we must recognize that there are segments of the community in need of assistance that live in one of the most prosperous regions in the country.
About the Towns Data
All incorporated towns and places in the United States are included in the five-year American Community Survey (ACS) estimates. All of the incorporated towns in Northern Virginia have a population of less than 65,000 persons, and one-year ACS estimates do not exist for incorporated places with a population of less than 65,000. It is important to note that the ACS is based on a small sample of the population of a place. The ACS estimates for small places such as Clifton, Dumfries, Hamilton, Haymarket, Hillsboro, Lovettsville, Middleburg, and Quantico can be unreliable if the margin of error error is large. A town's margin of area for a data piece can be found by hovering over the town's data in a graph.
For comparative purposes, Northern Virginia counties and cities, Commonwealth of Virginia, and United States data are provided in the charts.
The poverty rate of all jurisdictions in Northern Virginia are shown in this graph. Poverty rate is the ratio of the number of person in poverty divided by the total population. The poverty rate of each Northern Virginia jurisdiction is lower than the Commonwealth of Virginia and the United States. Out of all 3,141 jurisdictions in the USA, one of the ten lowest poverty rates is located in Northern Virginia, and that is Loudoun County (8th), which is also the number one ranked for median household income. However, there are persons in poverty in Loudoun and the rest of the region, and there needs must be recognized.
3040 Williams Drive
© 2019 Northern Virginia Regional Commission


Although some economists warned of an imminent collapse of the worldwide credit bubble as early as the late 1990s, the unavoidable meltdown caught world leaders totally off-guard and left them scrambling for a quick and painless fix.
UN troops will be deployed immediately to the affected regions across the globe in order to feign willingness of the international body to use military might to enforce the resolution.
Since late 2008, over thirteen quadrillion dollars of imaginary profits have been annihilated in the collapse of unsustainable, highly-leveraged, debt-based economies around the world.
UN observers cheered the weekend move as a bold and timely action. "No nation or individual should have to suffer for poor economic choices," said Harvard Economist Cheryl Miranda.
2 Comments on "United Nations Resolution Declares End of Financial Crisis"
Definitely, bring on the pixie dust.
Can anyone please tell me what exact resolution was this? Because I need that for a research.