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A Look Back at Our Year in 2020
January 5, 2021 | 12 min read | By Karthik Chidambaram
In DCKAP, General
2020 was a year full of surprises and mysteries. We did not anticipate that the world could change 90 degrees. When we started this year, it was like every other year we had experienced previously. We had a lot of ideas and began to make travel plans for the whole year, with the conferences we needed to attend, the revenue goals we needed to hit, investments we needed to make, and so on.
On our event calendar, we had planned two Summit's; one in Cleveland, OH on April 13, 2020 and the other in Los Angeles, CA on November 10, 2020. Before the restrictions were put into place, our team also attended some conferences (Acumatica Summit and eTail West) in January and February of this year.
When we started hearing about the COVID-19 Pandemic sometime in February, we assumed that it had nothing to do with us and it was a China-specific problem. Business went on as usual. Then, in March, there was a lot more about the virus in the news. Bill Gates started speaking extensively about it, and he compared COVID-19 to a software start-up which is looking to scale exponentially. This made an impact, as we have seen software start-ups scale exponentially with compounded growth.
We did not want to take a chance considering the close proximity with how we work in our offices. We also wanted to experiment with working from home. Our initial assumption was that we would try working from home for a week, and things should be back to normal after that.
On March 13, 2020, we announced that all our employees would be working from home and shut down our offices temporarily for safety reasons. One week after we closed our offices, there was a nationwide shut-down in different parts of the world (in the US and India). The decision we took one week in advance before the local authorities' announcement was a good one, and it allowed us to prepare better.
How did the team respond?
We take a lot of pride in our work culture. Our team was super responsive. The first few months, as a team, we were very cautious with our spending and we took a closer look at all our expenses. We did our best to support our team in the ways we could. In March, as it became even more tense, we took it one day at a time.
By April, the team had adjusted; however, we were still very cautious as a team. In India, there was a complete lock-down where people did not come out of their homes. We also saw productivity levels increase. Thanks to the digital initiatives of the Indian Government, it was easier than we anticipated with the internet connectivity. Our team was very efficient, responding to client's needs and supporting them during these turbulent times. By May, we understood that this was going to be the norm for the next 6 months, or longer, and it all sunk in.
In the early days of working from home, people were shy to turn on their videos and we had to ask them to turn on their cameras. As months passed by, turning on the cameras and seeing each other became a practice. We did not even imagine that we would be able to serve our customers, build products, launch product releases, conduct eSummits and more while working from hundreds of different locations. It was a big disruption, but in a positive way.
We went virtual with our monthly meetings and realized that we will be able to carry on our business with a distributed workforce. We also provided the flexibility to continue to work from home, if employees so choose. We also saw some of our employees permanently relocating to their hometowns in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities in India.
Travel is an integral part of our culture, and we invest in travel because we strongly believe it creates a lot of exposure to our team. However, with travel paused for the moment, we looked at ways to create similar exposure. In the past, as a team, we have benefited from the Stanford Continuing Studies Program.
With learning becoming digital and Stanford opening up their Continuing Studies program to everyone across the world, our entire team had the opportunity to enroll in Stanford Courses. There is a lot of exposure in a classroom with people from different parts of the world. A good number of our employees benefited from this, and we're very grateful to Stanford for enabling global learning.
DCKAP eSession and eSummit
Since we were not able to travel in 2020, we made the most with our virtual events by creating the DCKAP eSessions and eSummit. The eSessions were designed with a smaller format in mind, for an audience of around 50 attendees. The DCKAP eSummit was designed as a larger event, to take the place of our in-person Summit event.
Thanks to Zoom, we have been able to successfully experiment. We have seen an increase in engagement with our content. We are also very honored that Erin Meyer, co-author of "No Rules Rules", was able to join us for the DCKAP eSummit in November. Thanks to all our speakers for being so supportive of our efforts. We do miss our travel and in-person events. However, the eSession and eSummit has helped with our marketing efforts.
We had paused hiring for the first few months of the pandemic. However, in June, we realized that this is a great time to hire. In India, we largely recruited people from Tamil Nadu (where our office is located). That changed this year as well, and we started hiring from different parts of the country, from North to South and East to West. This has also started bringing in a lot more diversity to our team.
Though we miss seeing each other in person, one great benefit out of this pandemic is that we've been able to spend a lot of time with our family. This definitely strengthened relationships. Our families have been able to see how we work daily. They were also a part of some of our calls. Kids also got a lot of business exposure and saw what their parents did every day.
Our customers have been very understanding and supportive of our efforts. If there were ever mistakes from our end or if connectivity issues happened or babies were crying on a call, they understood. Our customers wanted us to succeed as a team. We were able to deliver projects and build products without any major challenges. We cannot thank our customers enough. Thank you!
The world is full of surprises. Smooth seas don't make a good sailor. We got to experience it first hand with the COVID-19 pandemic. We strongly believe that digital technology initiatives will enable growth and create prosperity, not just for people in the tech but for everyone. The world has become even smaller and it is a level playing field today. We will begin to see new technologies and disruptions being created from different parts of the world and better connectivity being enabled. The distributed wealth creation and prosperity will be a reality, and global trade will be the new norm.
Thank you to our customers, employees, partners, and the entire DCKAP Community.
Happy New Year & Wishing everyone a healthy and prosperous 2021!
Stay Healthy and Stay Safe.
Karthik Chidambaram
Karthik Chidambaram is the Founder & CEO of DCKAP. He bootstrapped the company in 2005 from his small apartment in Chicago, Illinois. DCKAP was started with 2 people, 2 computers and 2 desks and is now a global team with headquarters in the Greater Austin area (Round Rock, TX) and operations in Chennai, India. You can read more about him on his personal blog here.
COVID-19DCKAPNew YearPandemicwork from home
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Земя Котс () е територия от Източна Антарктида, простираща се между 74°15' и 81°15' ю.ш. и 20° и 36° з.д., източно от огромния шелфов ледник Филхнер, покрай източното крайбрежие на море Уедъл. На изток граничи със Земя кралица Мод, а на запад – със Земя кралица Елизабет. Отделни участъци от крайбрежието ѝ носят названията Бряг Луитполд (на юг) и Бряг Керд (на североизток).

Почти повсеместно бреговете на Земя Котс са бронирани от обширни шелфови ледници – Филхнер на юг, Бранд и Станкомб Уилс на североизток, в които се вклиняват няколко големи залива: Дюк Ернст, Фазел, Ваксел, Редонда, Агуда, Халли Бей и др.

Земя Котс е изцяло покрита с дебел континентален леден щит с височина 1000 – 2000 m и дебелина от 500 до 1000 m, над който стърчат отделни оголени върхове и нунатаки. Южната част е много по-висока и тук се издигат планините Терън (вр. Фарадей 1177 m), Хърбърт (1643 m), Шакълтън (2012 m) и др., от които към шелфовите ледници се спускат големи континентални ледници – Рековери, Слесър, Лерхенфелд, Швейцер, Уелдън, Хейс, Доусън Ламптон и др.

На 3 март 1904 г. шотландската национална антарктическа експедиция плавайки в югоизточната част на море Уедъл открива участък от крайбрежието на Антарктида, което нейният ръководител Уилям Брус наименува Земя Котс в чест на спонсирите на експедицията Джеймс и Ендрю Котс. Впоследствие останалите територии на Земя Котс са открити, изследвани и топографски заснети и картирани от експедициите на Вилхелм Филхнер (1912), Ърнест Шакълтън и Франсис Уайлд (1915), Вивиан Фукс и Едмънд Хилари (1957 – 58) и др. За територията на Земя Котс претендират Великобритания и Аржентина (частично), въпреки че по Договора за Антарктида от 1961 г. всякакви териториални претенции в тази част на света са безсрочно замразени. На нейна територия действат британската антарктическа станция Хали Бей и аржентинската Белграно.

Източници

География на Антарктида
Земи в Антарктида

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hank Plante is an Emmy-winning television journalist who worked for CBS in San Francisco for nearly 25 years. He was a pioneer in the coverage of HIV/AIDS in the early days of the epidemic. For years in the 1980s, Hank reported on the disease almost nightly, while at the same time President Reagan was completely silent on the issue.
President Reagan would have turned 100 this month. Hank said he owed it to all the friends he lost to AIDS to write this piece.
This month's national remembrance of Ronald Reagan's 100th birthday is focusing largely on his accomplishments. But no look back at the nation's 40th president would be complete without remembering his inattention to the AIDS epidemic, which arose on his watch.
Consider that Mayor Dianne Feinstein's AIDS budget for the City of San Francisco was bigger than President Reagan's AIDS budget was for the entire nation. That was true for two years in-a-row in the mid-1980's. In fact, Reagan's proposed federal budget for 1986 actually called for an 11 percent reduction in AIDS spending: from $95 million in 1985, down to $85.5 million in 1986.
No wonder it was left to San Francisco gay leaders, politicians and medical professionals to forge their own way through the early days of the disease, forming what became known as "The San Francisco Model" for effectively dealing with it, a model which would be replicated world-wide.
The disease that we now call AIDS was first identified 30 years ago in medical journals in 1981 -- President Reagan's first year in office. It quickly took hold in the media and in the national consciousness. Yet it wasn't until May 31, 1987 that President Reagan would give his first major address on AIDS. It was at an outdoor speech in Washington organized by amFAR, the American Foundation for AIDS Research. Elizabeth Taylor, a lifelong friend of Ron and Nancy Reagan, persuaded the President to be there. On the exact night that he gave that speech, saying the word "AIDS" for the first time in public, 21,000 Americans had already died from the disease.
The Reagans' close friend Rock Hudson was one of them, having died from AIDS almost two years before Reagan's speech. Hudson had been a frequent guest in the Reagan White House, even during the time that he appeared gaunt and frail. Nancy Reagan later recalled one such occasion, in which Hudson told her he had picked up a bug in Israel. But even Hudson's ordeal didn't seem to shake Reagan out of his lethargy.
President Reagan did have people around him who were more engaged in dealing with AIDS, notably his surgeon general, C. Everett Koop, and Dr. Anthony Fauci at the National Institutes of Health. But in the office where Harry Truman said the buck stops, the silence on AIDS continues to be a baffling part of the Reagan legacy.


This holiday season, we're breaking out of the red and green color scheme. That's why we've partnered with Oh Happy Day to show us how to bring an extra pop of color to our holiday decorations. So put down the plaid and pick up the pastel – it's time to make things merry and bright!
Start by selecting a fun color scheme. Have some fun with it! Adding color to your holiday decorations will not only update your space but it will also bring a playful and unique character to your home. Mix classic Christmas decorations, like a green flocked tree, with colorful mini ornaments for a modern twist. Keep that modern aesthetic going by wrapping your presents with marble wrapping paper and bright ribbons!
If your little ones love holiday cookies (who doesn't?!), we recommend decorating cookies together as a family activity. Nothing brings the family together like a bowl of cookie dough! Let your little ones decide how they want to decorate cookies and let the creativity start flowing!
If all the cookies don't get eaten, they can serve as adorable tabletop decorations. Nothing says Christmas more than glitter houses and fake snow. Trust us – you can never have enough sparkle and snow during the holidays!
Shop all our holiday decorations here.


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America's Secret Airline Flies Non-Stop To Area 51
By Mason I. Bilderberg (MIB) on August 17, 2015
By Collin Krum via flightclub.jalopnik.com
You can see Janet airplanes at several airports throughout the U.S. You can hear them on air traffic control. You can fly one in Microsoft Flight Simulator X. But you can't buy a ticket on a Janet flight, and the people who fly on Janet flights can't tell you, or even their families, what they do for work. It is seemingly an airline that flies to nowhere.
The multi-tiered secrecy surrounding the Janet jets, the unusual ways they operate and the places they go are one of aviation's greatest legends. If it all seems like a big clandestine operation, that's because it is.
Why is there a fleet of unmarked airliners at a guarded private terminal in Las Vegas? Where do they fly? Who flies aboard them? Even though these aircraft service the seemingly impenetrable top secret defense world, we can provide some answers.
No, "Janet Airlines" isn't the shadowy carrier's official name. That name stuck and became widely accepted once aviation enthusiasts discovered that the curious aircraft based out of a small private terminal (code named "Gold Coast") on the west side of McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas use the callsign "Janet" while operating in civilian airspace.
Profile view of the "Gold Coast" terminal at McCarran International Airport, Las Vegas, NV.
It's when Janet flights cross from civilian airspace into restricted military airspace that things get really interesting. One of the places these Janet 737's go is located inside the airspace described as R-4808N on the map below. "The Box," or "The Container," as R-4808N is known, is off-limits. It is restricted airspace within restricted airspace, and incursions into its sanctum are most unwelcome. And yet, the unassuming white and red 737's are shepherded through routinely, where they disappear before reappearing after different lengths of time.
On takeoff from Las Vegas, Janet flights communicate with McCarran Departure Control using a callsign like "Janet 210," or "Janet 301." Once airborne, the Janet proceeds northwest and McCarran Departure hands them off to Nellis Control. Nellis Control supervises the busy airspace across the southern part of Nevada.
Continue Reading – – –
Posted in: Aliens, Area 51, Government, Legends, Military, Mysteries, Roswell	| Tagged: Area 51, Collin Krum, Dreamland Resort, flightclub.jalopnik.com, Gold Coast, jalopnik, jalopnik.com, Janet, Janet 210, Janet 301, Janet airline, Janet Airlines, Janet airplanes, Janet flight, Janet jets, Las Vegas, McCarran International Airport, Nellis AFB, Nellis Air Force Base, R-4808N, secrecy, Secret
Brittius August 17, 2015 at 8:34 pm
Reblogged this on Brittius.
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Best 2008 Movies
Tells the story of Benjamin Button, a man who starts aging backwards with bizarre consequences.
Genre: Best 2008
When reporter Rachel Armstrong writes a story that reveals the identity of a covert CIA operative, the government demands that Rachel reveal her source. She defies the special prosecutor and…
A young couple living in a Connecticut suburb during the mid-1950s struggle to come to terms with their personal problems while trying to raise their two children. Based on a…
Country: United Kingdom, United States of America
An IRS agent with a fateful secret embarks on an extraordinary journey of redemption by forever changing the lives of seven strangers.
Max Manus: Man of War
Max Manus is a Norwegian 2008 biographic war film based on the real events of the life of resistance fighter Max Manus (1914–96), after his contribution in the Winter War…
Country: Denmark, Germany, Norway
Genre: Best 2008, Drama, History, War
A semi-biographical account of Yip Man, the first martial arts master to teach the Chinese martial art of Wing Chun. The film focuses on events surrounding Ip that took place…
Genre: Best 2008, Best Action, Best Biography, Best History
The story of Michael Berg, a German lawyer who, as a teenager in the late 1950s, had an affair with an older woman, Hanna, who then disappeared only to resurface…
Country: Germany, United States of America
Walt Kowalski is a widower who holds onto his prejudices despite the changes in his Michigan neighborhood and the world around him. Kowalski is a grumpy, tough-minded, unhappy old man…
In 1964, a Catholic school nun questions a priest's ambiguous relationship with a troubled young student, suspecting him of abuse. He denies the charges, and much of the film's quick-fire…
The story of California's first openly gay elected official, Harvey Milk, who became an outspoken agent for change, seeking equal rights and opportunities for all. His great love for the…
Mesrine: Public Enemy #1
The story of Jacques Mesrine, France's public enemy No. 1 during the 1970s. After nearly two decades of legendary criminal feats — from multiple bank robberies and to prison breaks…
Country: Canada, France
Synecdoche, New York
A theater director struggles with his work, and the women in his life, as he attempts to create a life-size replica of New York inside a warehouse as part of…
Mesrine: Killer Instinct
Jacques Mesrine, a loyal son and dedicated soldier, is back home and living with his parents after serving in the Algerian War. Soon he is seduced by the neon glamour…
Country: Canada, France, Italy
For three years after being forced from office, Nixon remained silent. But in summer 1977, the steely, cunning former commander-in-chief agreed to sit for one all-inclusive interview to confront the…
Forced to play a dangerous game of cat-and-mouse in the chaos of war, an elite Army bomb squad unit must come together in a city where everyone is a potential…
Genre: Best 2008, Oscar Winners
Teacher and novelist François Bégaudeau plays a version of himself as he negotiates a year with his racially mixed students from a tough Parisian neighborhood.
Genre: Best 2008, Palme d'Or winners
Daigo, a cellist, is laid off from his orchestra and moves with his wife back to his small hometown where the living is cheaper. Thinking he's applying for a job…
Genre: Best 2008, Best Music
Natalie (Elisabeth Harnois) is high school royalty, but her queen bee status falls apart when she falls for the new guy at school. Although Keith (Jesse McCartney) ignores her at…
Aging wrestler Randy "The Ram" Robinson is long past his prime but still ready and rarin' to go on the pro-wrestling circuit. After a particularly brutal beating, however, Randy hangs…
Genre: Best 2008, Best Sport
Che: Part One
The Argentine, begins as Che and a band of Cuban exiles (led by Fidel Castro) reach the Cuban shore from Mexico in 1956. Within two years, they mobilized popular support…
Country: France, Spain, United States of America
A Wednesday
A retired police commissioner recounts the most memorable case of his career, wherein he was informed about a bomb scare in Mumbai.
RocknRolla
When a Russian mobster sets up a real estate scam that generates millions of pounds, various members of London's criminal underworld pursue their share of the fortune. Various shady characters,…
The Baader Meinhof Complex
Der Baader Meinhof Komplex depicts the political turmoil in the period from 1967 to the bloody "Deutschen Herbst" in 1977. The movie approaches the events based on Stefan Aust's standard…
Genre: Action, Best 2008, Crime, Drama, History, Thriller
Two girlfriends on a summer holiday in Spain become enamored with the same painter, unaware that his ex-wife, with whom he has a tempestuous relationship, is about to re-enter the…
Country: Spain, United States of America
The son of a sailor, 5-year old Sosuke lives a quiet life on an oceanside cliff with his mother Lisa. One fateful day, he finds a beautiful goldfish trapped in…
A family man convicted of killing an intruder must cope with life afterward in the violent penal system.
The Good, the Bad, the Weird
The story of three Korean outlaws in 1930s Manchuria and their dealings with the Japanese army and Chinese and Russian bandits. The Good (a Bounty hunter), the Bad (a hitman),…
Genre: Best 2008, Best Action, Best Crime, Best Dramas, Best Thriller
Hellboy II: The Golden Army
In this continuation to the adventure of the demon superhero, an evil elf breaks an ancient pact between humans and creatures, as he declares war against humanity. He is on…
In 208 A.D., in the final days of the Han Dynasty, shrewd Prime Minster Cao convinced the fickle Emperor Han the only way to unite all of China was to…
Much awarded animated documentary, in which director and Israeli army veteran Ari Folman interviews friends and former soldiers about their memories of the 1982 Lebanon war and especially the Sabra…
Country: France, Germany, Israel
Genre: Best 2008, Best Animated, Best Biography
WALL·E is the last robot left on an Earth that has been overrun with garbage and all humans have fled to outer space. For 700 years he has continued to…
Genre: Best 2008, Best Adventure, Best Animated, Best Disney, Best Family, Best Romance, Best Sci-Fi
Between his tax problems and his legal battle with his wife for the custody of his daughter, these are hard times for the action movie star who finds that even…
Country: Belgium, France, Luxembourg
Genre: Action, Best 2008, Comedy, Crime, Drama
When the Valley of Peace is threatened, lazy Po the panda discovers his destiny as the "chosen one" and trains to become a kung fu hero, but transforming the unsleek…
The story of Bobby Sands, the IRA member who led the 1981 hunger strike in which Republican prisoners tried to win political status. It dramatises events in the Maze prison…
Jamal Malik is an impoverished Indian teen who becomes a contestant on the Hindi version of 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?' but, after he wins, he is suspected of…
Country: France, Germany, India, United Kingdom, United States of America
Genre: Best 2008, Best Romance, Oscar Winners
The Boy in the Striped Pajamas
After being held captive in an Afghan cave, billionaire engineer Tony Stark creates a unique weaponized suit of armor to fight evil.
Genre: Best 2008, Best Sci-Fi
When Sarah Marshall dumps aspiring musician Peter Bretter for rock star Aldous Snow, Peter's world comes crashing down. His best friend suggests that Peter should get away from everything and…
A school teacher discusses types of government with his class. His students find it too boring to repeatedly go over national socialism and believe that dictatorship cannot be established in…
The Bank Job
Terry is a small-time car dealer trying to leave his shady past behind and start a family. Martine is a beautiful model from Terry's old neighbourhood who knows that Terry…
Country: Australia, United Kingdom, United States of America
While vacationing with a friend in Paris, an American girl is kidnapped by a gang of human traffickers intent on selling her into forced prostitution. Working against the clock, her…
Country: France, United Kingdom, United States of America
I've Loved You So Long
A woman struggles to interact with her family and find her place in society after spending fifteen years in prison.
Genre: Best 2008, Drama
The Chaser
Joong-ho is a dirty detective turned pimp in financial trouble as several of his girls have recently disappeared without clearing their debts. While trying to track them down, he finds…
This South African movie tracks the rise of a once-petty criminal to the heights of the criminal underworld. After cutting his teeth on hijacking, before moving onto bigger game, an…
Definitely Maybe
When Will decides to tell his daughter the story of how he met her mother, he discovers that a second look at the past might also give him a second…
Country: France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States of America
Ray and Ken, two hit men, are in Bruges, Belgium, waiting for their next mission. While they are there they have time to think and discuss their previous assignment. When…
Christine Collins is overjoyed when her kidnapped son is brought back home. But when Christine suspects that the boy returned to her isn't her child, the police captain has her…
Set in 1982 in the suburb of Blackeberg, Stockholm, twelve-year-old Oskar is a lonely outsider, bullied at school by his classmates; at home, Oskar dreams of revenge against a trio…
Genre: Best 2008, Best Fantasy
Five young New Yorkers throw their friend a going-away party the night that a monster the size of a skyscraper descends upon the city. Told from the point of view…


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ThoraxTrainer Ltd. was founded in 2008 by two passionated cross-country skiers, both with elite sports careers within triathlon and cross-country skiing. As a medical doctor respectively engineer, they saw a possibility to bring the worlds toughest sport – Nordic skiing – indoor by building a Nordic skiing ergometer, also called a skiing ergometer, that imitated cross country skiing.
They used their knowledge of training and skiing to build the first ski ergometer in the world that realistically could imitate Nordic skiing.
The first prototypes of the skiing ergometer were sold to the Norwegian, Swedish and Danish Olympic training centres for Nordic skiing and Triathlon and the first stamp of approval was a reality. Consequently, the fitness industry and others with no background in Nordic skiing began to show an interest in the ThoraxTrainer™ exercise machines due to the unique and highly effective training method.
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The Imaging Source Astronomy Cameras Blog has been online since 1997. Below is a list of all the entries ever posted, sorted by their publication year.
Jun 26, 2014 A Standard Celestron 14 Inch SCT at Its Resolution Limit?
Nov 29, 2012 The Cambridge Photographic Moon Atlas is out Now!
Jun 15, 2012 Pictures with the DMK 21 of the Venus Transit 2012!
Apr 26, 2012 ATT - Europe's Biggest Astronomy Exhibition !
Oct 25, 2011 What's That Moving Across the Sun?
Jul 12, 2011 Hydrogen Alpha Sun with DMK 21AF04 - Hot Pic of the Week!
Jun 8, 2011 My Best Saturn & Moons of the Season!
Feb 25, 2011 "Imaging the Southern Skies"
Jan 19, 2010 Review from "BBC Sky at Night"
Dec 23, 2009 Happy Holidays!
Jun 11, 2009 What Can DMK Do when Weather is Not Cooperating?
Apr 15, 2009 The Imaging Source Back from "Ciel En Fête"
Mar 24, 2009 Is That a Space Walking Astronaut?
Mar 19, 2009 Ciel En Fête in Toulouse!
Mar 7, 2009 Beautiful Saturn Image As "Astronomy Picture of the Day"
Feb 13, 2009 What is Your Explanation of These Images?
Feb 3, 2009 L'Astronomie: "Photos of the Moon"
Jan 14, 2009 Wavelet Enhancement Tool for AviStack!
Jan 7, 2009 DBK 41AU02.AS Reviewed by Spanish Magazine "Digimag"
Sep 8, 2008 Lazy Amateur Astronomer Strikes Back!
Aug 5, 2008 "Field of Views"
May 9, 2008 Astronomy Cameras on Linux - Unicap 0.2.22 Released!
Apr 25, 2008 The Webcam is Dead, Long Live The Imaging Source!
Apr 23, 2008 The Astronomy Cameras Blog is One Today!
Apr 19, 2008 Finally! -- Back Bloggin' Again!
Apr 11, 2008 Dietmar Hager Captures the Moon with TMB Apo 9"
Apr 1, 2008 Astronomy Cameras with FireWire or USB 2.0?
Feb 22, 2008 Mars Furthers... but the Images Keep on Coming!
Feb 11, 2008 European AstroFest 2008 - What a Success!
Jan 8, 2008 How Red is Your Mars?
Dec 23, 2007 World's First for The Imaging Source Astronomy Cameras?
Oct 23, 2007 No Power, No Problem!
Oct 19, 2007 Dan Does Dandy!
Oct 4, 2007 Night Vision for IC Capture.AS?
Sep 18, 2007 The Imaging Source Cameras and Vista Are Problem Free!
Aug 30, 2007 DMK 21AF04.AS Scores Near Perfect in Sky and Telescope Review!
Jun 23, 2007 How Do You Achieve Such Low Noise in Your Cameras?
Jun 13, 2007 Science Outreach: Eclipses and Rockets?
Jun 9, 2007 Interested in Reselling The Imaging Source Astronomy Cameras?
May 5, 2007 DMK 21AF04.AS vs. DMK 21AF04 - What's the Difference?


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Missile Test
Stallone Month: Rocky II, or, Mediocre Rocky
Author capcomPosted on August 3, 2017 May 6, 2019 Categories Empty Balcony, Stallone Month
Hollywood legend is replete with stories of Sylvester Stallone's efforts to get Rocky made. Part of the fable is that Sly wanted to direct, but eventually had to agree to hand directorial duties over to someone with experience. Sly kept the starring role and Rocky was his screenplay, but John G. Avildsen sat in the director's chair. The resulting film won Best Picture and Director, plus Best Film Editing, at the Academy Awards. When it came time for a sequel, however, Sly used the capital he had earned to secure the directing gig in addition to starring and screenwriting roles, after Avildsen declined to direct due to a scheduling conflict. The result is a film identical in theme, plot, location, and stars to Rocky, but which is inferior in execution.
The decline in quality from Rocky to Rocky II is evident from the open of the film. The beginning recaps the end of Rocky, just in case there was someone at the back of the theater who hadn't seen the first film. Using the finale of the previous film to open a sequel is lazy — typical of b-horror and not the sequel to a Best Picture winner. In addition, Bill Conti's iconic music has been twisted into some amalgamation of disco and contemporary primetime TV music. He retains credit as composer so he can't be blameless. After footage original to this film begins to roll, it looks even more like an episode of Charlie's Angels or CHiPs. It all looks that cheap.
The plot picks up the night of Rocky's fight against Apollo Creed (the main cast members in Rocky II are identical to those in Rocky). Rocky and Apollo go their separate ways after a post-fight stay in the hospital. Apollo is bothered by the fact that, although he won the fight, he was unable to decisively defeat Rocky. For his part, Rocky is unconcerned with the outcome of the fight. He had his shot, and acquitted himself well. He got a $37,000 payday, hardly peanuts in 1976, and is ready to enter the next chapter of his life — wife to Adrian, hopefully soon-to-be-father, and…what else? That's the problem. Rocky is a fighter. It's all he's ever done, and it turns out that after the purse for the fight goes to house, car, and unnecessary baubles, there are still bills to pay. Rocky made a promise to Adrian that his fighting days were over, but he bravely ignores his wife's concern for his health and agrees to a rematch with Apollo so we audience members don't get bored and leave the theater.
It was a close thing, too. This movie tracks so closely to Rocky that Sly set an unnecessary challenge for himself in trying to make lightning strike the same place twice. In order to tell a story with which audiences are already deeply familiar, Sly resorts to increased melodrama with the promise of tragedy. Instead of being a better or more satisfyingly complex narrative, it feels cheap and manipulative.
The problem is Sly. Rocky is his creation. To separate him from the character would be folly. Of course, after the success of the first film, he should have been given greater freedom to tell Rocky's story in his way. The result is Rocky II. It is Rocky, had Rocky been directed by Sly. It is also evidence that keeping Sly away from the director's chair for the first film was a good idea.
In all the ways that Rocky is great, this film is weak. In all the ways that Rocky is weak, this film compounds those mistakes. It ratchets up the melodrama, and further distorts the realism of the boxing. It's a shame, but Stallone chose to abandon all realism for the sake of his overwrought narrative.
Finally, the limits of Sly's abilities as a director are apparent in the performances of the cast. In multiple scenes there are important lines and soliloquys where Sly either couldn't get a performer's best work, or couldn't tell which take was acceptable. Burgess Meredith shined in Rocky when Mickey came begging to be Rocky's trainer. In Rocky II he has many scenes where he tries to inspire Rocky, and more than one felt like a first read-through. It was that bad.
Burt Young, who did so well in the first film, sees his character relegated to the background in this film. It's a hard loss in a film that struggles for narrative relevance, while Talia Shire's character, Rocky's wife, remember, has been reduced to such an inanimate object that her greatest contribution to Rocky's progression is falling into a coma.
Rocky II is a poor imitation of Rocky. Sly earned his chance to make Rocky in the way he wanted, and the result is a mediocre film. Sly was part of a great project in Rocky, but this film exposed his limitations as a filmmaker.
Tags 1979 in Film, Bill Butler, Bill Conti, Boxing Flick, Burgess Meredith, Burt Young, Carl Weathers, Frank Stallone, Irwin Winkler, Joe Spinell, Paul McCrane, Robert Chartoff, Sports Flick, Stanford C Allen, Sylvester Stallone, Talia Shire, Tony Burton
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Each year, a group of ex-pats and Mexican volunteers work to set up a fair to support Mexican artisans in the popular retirement community of Chapala, Jalisco, overlooking Mexico's largest lake of the same name. However, it is quite different from those run by FONART and other government agencies. In 2015, I had the wonderful opportunity to visit this event and talk to the artisans and the founder.
In 2015, this fair had over 80 participating artisans, not only representing the handcraft powerhouses of Chiapas, Oaxaca and Michoacan, but also Chihuahua, Campeche, Veracruz, Puebla and of course, Jalisco. Just about all handcraft traditions are represented, with everything from fine pottery an silverwork to textiles, musical instruments, cartonería (paper mache), dolls and even work made by a local children's group. Future blog posts will work on stories from a number of these artisans. For now, let's begin with the fair and the organization behind it.
Marianne Carlson has always loved Mexico and Mexican artesanía. She finally made the move to Mexico in 1997. As she was not yet retirement age, she started an artesanía gallery.
A trip to the craft villages around Lake Patzcuaro in Michoacan showed her that there was much she did not know, not from her business experience, nor from books. She took the time to talk to these artisans and found that the merchandise was usually sold at local markets called tianguis, not a venue that would bring decent prices for what takes much time and effort.
Marianne says she is an organizer, and decided in 2002 to organize a fair (feria in Spanish) in Chapala, asking the 13 artisans she knew from Michoacan if they wanted to come. They all said yes, but Marianne confided that she did not know at the time if that was a Mexican "polite" yes or not. As it turned out, it was a true "yes" and not only did all the invitees come with their wares, they all sold out.
Marianne ran everything herself at first and paid most of the expenses but by the fourth year, she decided that help was needed if the feria was going to continue somehow. She put an ad in the local newspaper looking for volunteers, with 18 strangers walking through her door to help. Most of these still work with the organization. Eventually, they founded the organization Feria Maestros del Arte (lit. Masters of Art Fair), which reflect Marianne's belief that these are artists… she never uses the word artisan.
Much of what she set up initially has remained, especially the housing of participating artisans in local homes, who provide not only beds, but meals and social outlets. The idea is to have participating artisans go home with all the money from their sales, so it was decided that the organization would provide transportation as well, now the biggest expense. Fundraising is done in a number of ways, such as grants from other organizations such as Los Amigos del Arte Popular, a sponsor for many years, Austin Friends of Folk Art, Friends of Oaxacan Folk Art and others; a raffle during the Feria and a recycling project with an organization called Terracycle. The money pays for three buses, one each from Chiapas, Oaxaca and Michoacan, with some picking up artisans from other states such as Veracruz and Puebla along the way. Those artisans who are not on or near these routes get their transportation costs reimbursed.
The organization has some strict requirements as to who they invite to sell at the Feria. The first is that the artisan must produce the product him/herself and it must be quality. The artisan does not need to be famous, although a number are already recognized in their fields. They also look for artisans who come from artisan families, those who have revived craft traditions and those who use traditional techniques to create new products. There are currently three coordinadors in Chiapas, Oaxaca and Michoacan whose job it is to look for and check out artisans for the Feria. Marianne notes that they have found quite a number of "treasures," people who produce wonderful work but they are relatively or completely unknown.
The most immediate goal is economic support of the artisans, with some earning enough to build houses, pay expenses for year … or as one artisan put it, "more money than she ever thought she would earn in her life." However, a survey of the artisans by the Feria found that there are other important benefits. Artisans ranked their experience with host familes and #1. Also high on the list was discovering what artisans in other parts of Mexico are doing.
Marianne says this all brings tears to her eyes and is what keeps the organization going. She believes that artisans are not given the respect they deserve in Mexican society, either as maestros or as human beings. She attributes all this to the Feria's success saying We are not an art show; we are a heart show.


MDSCsareoneofthemajortypesofimmunecellsthatcontributetotumor-inducedimmunesuppressionand escape from immune elimination. Importantly, MDSCs have been suggested to contribute to resistance to variouscancertherapies,includingtoanti-CTLA-4andanti-PD-1blockade.Hence,targetingMDSCscouldbe anattractiveapproachtomodulatetumorimmunitytoimprovecurrentcancerimmunotherapies.Wehavevery recently reported that phenformin, a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor, selectively reduced proportionofpolymorphonuclearMDSCs(PMN-MDSCs),butnototherimmunecellsinspleensoftumor-bearing mice.PhenforminalsoinhibitedproliferationofPMN-MDSCsderivedfrombonemarrowco-culturedwithtumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, PMN-MDSCs derived from mice treated with phenformin showed attenuated suppressive activities towards CD8+ T cells in T cell proliferation assays. In our unpublished metabolomics profiling studies of PMN-MDSCs, we have uncovered additional potential metabolic vulnerabilities of PMN- MDSCs.Basedonthesefindings,wehypothesizethatPMN-MDSCspossessdistinguishingmetabolicfeatures. GiventheimportantcontributionofMDSCstotumorimmuneescapeandimmunotherapyresistance,wefurther hypothesizethattargetingthemetabolicvulnerabilitiesofPMN-MDSCsmaycooperatewithimmunecheckpoint blockadetounleashTcellresponses,leadingtoimprovedanti-tumorefficacy.
In aim1, weplantocharacterize themetabolicvulnerabilitiesofPMN-MDSCs.WewillnotonlyelucidatemetabolicfeaturesofPMN-MDSCsthat underlietheirsensitivitytophenformin,butalsoidentifyothermetabolictargetsofPMN-MDSCs,suchasthose involvedintheglutaminemetabolism.
In aim2, wewillassessthetherapeuticbenefitofcombiningtargetingthe metabolic vulnerabilities of PMN-MDSCs with immune checkpoint blockade in mouse cancer models. We will evaluatetheeffectsofmetabolicdrugsincombinationwithanti-PD-1blockade,onthetumormicroenvironment andanalyzethecontributionofPMN-MDSCmodulatoryactivityofthesemetabolicdrugsusingthePMN-MDSC adoptivetransferapproach.
Biological drugs that target the immune checkpoint proteins CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 have shown significant clinical benefits in solid tumors with durable responses, but only in a fraction of patients. Targeting the immune- suppressive activities of MDSCs with metabolic drugs may synergize with immune checkpoint blockade to enhance immune therapy efficacy. If this hypothesis is proven true, our preclinical studies could be promptly translated into clinical trials.


Congratulations to Andy Foster on winning the 2018 UKCS Open Comp at Flip Out London Pinball Club!
The UKCS (UK Championship Series) Open Comp was run alongside the finals of of the UKCS which brings the 20 best players in the country to compete for the title. The 2018 Champion was Greg Mott, a veteran of the UK Pinball circuit.


What is the ETHOS of the College regarding Students with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND)?
Craven College is committed to providing excellent support for students with SEND. The support provision is designed to enable every student to develop their independence with discrete support within a classroom setting and around the College campus (depending on individual assessed need), but at all times working to raise aspirations for students and prepare them for adulthood through education.
How does the College identify and assess students with SEND?
How does the College assess and review progress for students with SEND?
ProMonitor is an online student monitoring and information sharing system which is used across the College. As well as capturing and sharing information on qualifications on entry, target grades, initial assessments, aspirations and progression/destinations, it also houses the student's individual learning plan. Through the Markbook facility, assessment schedules and grades are captured and shared. Through ProPortal, secure access is given to students and parents/guardians, allowing them to keep 'real time' track of progress.
The SEND targets and reviews are shared on ProMonitor. Regular reviews help to inform whether the support arrangements are appropriate or if they need revising. Support may need to be increased, stay the same or be reduced to promote increased independence as well as the exploration of assistive technology support. Progression Support Assistant staff observations help to inform revised levels or types of support.
Evolve has an in-house student monitoring and information sharing system that compliments and replicates elements of the ProMonitor system whilst creating bespoke individual learning plans linked to each student's visual timetable.
The SEND team co-ordinates the review process for Education, Health and Care Plans for students within College and hosts the meetings at the College. The SEND team works with the Local Authority to ensure that the annual review of the Plan is undertaken in line with SEND Code of Practice and that parents/carers, appropriate professionals and, most importantly, the student is at the heart of the process. Annual reviews focus on next steps for students and the support they need to prepare for adulthood including securing paid employment, independent living and participating in society.
Parents/carers are encouraged to contact the SEND Team if they wish to share information with us or discuss the support arrangements. In addition, there will be a parent information evening in the autumn term and a parent progress report evening in the spring term.
Who are the best people to talk to at Craven College about a student with SEND?
What different types of support are available for students with SEND in College?
The College adopts an inclusive approach to learning, offering high-quality teaching which is differentiated to take account of individual requirements.
How do you ensure staff are trained and qualified to deal with a student's particular need?
Tutors and Progress Coaches will support students with SEND to explore their progression routes. In many cases students who access the Pathways and Gateway discrete provision do progress onto mainstream programmes – see College prospectus/website for details of current study programmes.
Employability and progression feature strongly, not just in the curriculum, but also as part of tutorials. Topics such as how to gain an Apprenticeship, researching Higher Education, living away from home, securing full-time employment, interview techniques and preparing a CV are all delivered as part of this entitlement.
Our Careers Team offer specialist and impartial support for all of our existing students. Situated in the Careers Zone, students have access to specialist staff, together with online and paper-based resources. Accessed via drop-in or appointments, support is specific to the needs of the students, and always geared towards progression and employability. SEND students can get one to one support from well qualified and experienced staff, benefiting from interview practice, CV and personal statement writing, job search skills and assessments. SEND students and their parents or carers can meet with our qualified Careers Advisers to help them make decisions about their next course option or their transition into the working world at any point in the academic year. Our Careers Advisers also often take part in EHCP review meetings.


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Portable Copying Machine by James Watt & Co.
This ingenious machine is considered the first step in modern photocopying
It was designed by the legendary innovator and inventor, James Watt
Made for transport, the mechanism is easily disassembled and stored in its mahogany case
Such machines were highly popular among statesmen, including George Washington and Thomas Jefferson
Item No. 30-6618
Default Title - $128,500 USD
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Considered the first step into the world of modern photocopying, the copying machine was among the first widely used devices to successfully produce an exact copy of an original written work. Designed and patented in 1780 by one of history's greatest inventors, James Watt, the copying machine was the only device in the 18th century that was able to duplicate letters; this particular model was also among the first portable copying machines ever made.
James Watt (1736-1819) is considered one of the greatest inventors of all time. Legendary today for his work on the steam engine, he spent much of his later life devising small inventions such as this. Anecdotally, the idea for the machine was a result of Watt tirelessly copying correspondence between himself and his business partner, the great silversmith Matthew Boulton. The machine itself was ingenious in its simplicity. The letter to be copied was written in a special gelatinous ink and then placed over a piece of tissue paper. Pressure from the roller impressed upon the tissue paper a mirrored replica of the letter, which could then be reversed and read from the opposite side.
Patented in 1780, the device was eagerly sought by important businessmen and statesmen alike. By the end of the first year of production, over 630 machines had been sold, and for the next century, Watt's machine and the replicas it inspired dominated the copying business. Although many were sold in the 18th century, this is the first working model we have ever seen for sale.
Perhaps the most enthusiastic and well-known user of the machine was George Washington, who utilized this exact version of the copying machine. His device can still be found to this day on display at Mount Vernon. Thomas Jefferson was another avid user, who owned several versions - even one of his own design - and is said to have used it daily. Jefferson extolled the benefits of the copying machine to his friend and eventual presidential successor, James Madison, as well as Charles Willson Peale. One of Jefferson's machines, a later model, is still held and prominently displayed at his Monticello home.
The present piece is housed in its original mahogany lap desk, which is in and off itself a remarkable work of craftsmanship. Designed for transport, each piece can be dismantled and stored away in its various storage drawers. These compartments also contain writing tools, including an ink bottle and damping box. Designed down to the smallest detail, the full extent of Watt's genius is evident in this remarkable machine.
Silver oval label impressed "J. Watt & Co. Patent"
6" high x 20 1/2" wide x 14" deep
Thomas Jefferson and his Copying Machines, 1984, by S.A. Bedini, pp. 10-11 & 26-27
"James Watt and his copying machines" in Proceedings of the British Association of Paper Historians 4th Annual Conference, 1993, R. Hills
Before Photocopying. The Art and History of Mechanical Copying 1780-1793, 1999, B. Rhodes and W. Wells Streeter, pp.8-11
The Lunar Men, 2002, J. Uglow, pp.306-7
How James Watt Invented the Copier: Forgotten Inventions of Our Great Scientists, 2011, R. Schils, pp. 39-42
Click here to view a video of this item.
Maker: Other
Period: 18th Century
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Greek style coffee cups are a common item on the streets of New York. Coffee shops and delis in the New York area serve their to-go coffee in these Greek cups, with many having the words "We are happy to serve you" printed on them. Cufflinks are enamel on a silver plated backing.


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rio grande herald
Rio Grande Herald - 14 Matching Results
Sort: Date Added (Oldest)
Years 9 Months 11
Collection: Rio Grande Herald Decade: 1980-1989 Day: 6th Clear All Filters
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 2, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 6, 1986
Weekly newspaper from Rio Grande City, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 35, No. 25, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 6, 1980
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 31, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 6, 1985
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), No. 48, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 6, 1988
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), No. 41, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 6, 1987
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 40, No. 14, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 6, 1986
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 40, No. 19, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 6, 1986
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 79, No. 21, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 6, 1989
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 79, No. 34, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 6, 1989
Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 35, No. 60, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 6, 1980
Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 35, No. 99, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 6, 1981
Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 36, No. 30, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 6, 1982
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 38, No. 45, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 6, 1984
The Rio Grande Herald (Rio Grande City, Tex.), Vol. 38, No. 58, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 6, 1984
February 1 1 March 2 2 April 1 1 May 1 1 June 1 1 July 1 1 August 2 2 September 1 1 October 1 1 November 2 2 December 1 1


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Sonya's Sampler
Photography, art reflect students' voyage to Italy
Column by Sonya Ellingboe
Posted 8/6/19
Arapahoe Community College's annual photography and art show of works by those who participated in the Study Abroad program, "A Tour of Italy," is open Aug. through Sept. 18 in Colorado Gallery …
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Jenna Cardenas' photo "Basilica Bridge" is part of the exhibit A Tour of Italy, now on display at Arapahoe Community College.
Posted Tuesday, August 6, 2019 8:11 pm
"Canal" by Kalyca McGuire is included in the "A Tour of Italy" exhibit at the Colorado Gallery of the Arts, Arapahoe Community College, from Aug. 8-Sept. 12.
Sonya Ellingboe
Arapahoe Community College's annual photography and art show of works by those who participated in the Study Abroad program, "A Tour of Italy," is open Aug. through Sept. 18 in Colorado Gallery of the Arts at ACC, 5900 S. Santa Fe Drive, Littleton. Free. The gallery is open weekdays from noon to 5 p.m.
Metro State show
Thirteen local and international art collectives are recognized in the MSU Denver Center for Visual Art's new exhibit, "Collectivism," open at CVA, 965 Santa Fe Drive, Denver. Free admission. 303-294-5207, msudenver.edu/cva. This handsome gallery at the north end of the Santa Fe Arts District is always worth a visit.
Welcome, photographers
Englewood Camera Club will meet at 7 p.m. Aug. 13 at Lutheran Church of the Holy Spirit, 6400 S. University Blvd. Craig Pritchett will talk about the process of selling stock photography for use in advertising. This provides images for smaller businesses who can't afford corporate photography — as well as a bit of income for the photographer. He will address aspects of graphic design that are important. Guests are welcomed.
Jazz performance
Hank Troy Quartet and Queen City Jazz Band perform from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Aug. 16 at Town Hall Arts Center, 2450 W. Main St. in downtown Littleton. Tickets: $27-$37, 303-794-2787, ext. 5, townhallartscenter.org.
Russ Miller will be available at Denver Percussion, 7399 S. Tennyson St., Centennial, for a drum clinic from 7:30 to 8:30 p.m. Aug. 17. There will be discounts an all Mapex brand sales that day. Tickets cost $30 for the clinic. 866-737-2877, denverpercussion.com.
Colorado Theater Guild will hold a special presentation by Colorado Business Committee for the Arts on legal aspects in theater from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Aug. 26 at Phillips Social Hall, at Mizel Center for the Arts, Jewish Community Center, 350 S. Dahlia St., Denver. Speaker is attorney Dave Ratner with Creative Law Network. Free for Guild members, $10 for non-members. CoTheatreGuild@gmail.com. Reservations advised.
`All Aboard'
Historic Littleton Inc. plans an "All Aboard" excursion to Union Station in Denver, followed by a walking tour of the immediate neighborhood. Meet at Littleton Light Rail Station at 3 p.m. Aug. 21. Non-members welcome for an extra $15 (call Gail Keeley, 303-730-0821).
Western Welcome Week Art
Painter Sarah Phippen, who specializes in paintings of horses, exhibits her work through August at Town Hall Art Center's Stanton Gallery, 2450 W. Main St., Littleton. Works by a few of her friends are included. Free. 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. weekdays and during performances.
`Serious Play'
The Mid-century design exhibit, "Serious Play" continues through Aug. 25 at Denver Art Museum, offering a trip through 1950s American living at home. The museum is at 100 W. 14th Ave. Parkway in downtown Denver, denverartmuseum.org.
Brad Zimmerman
"My Son, the Waiter: A Jewish Tragedy" is at the Lakewood Cultural Center Aug. 8-25, featuring comedic actor Brad Zimmerman in a solo piece he has toured across the nation. Thursday, Friday, Saturday: 7:30 p.m.; Sunday: 2 p.m. Tickets: $40-$59. 470 S. Allison Parkway, Lakewood. mysonthewaiter.com, 303-987-7845.
Bollywood tale
ROSHNI'S "Mountains Made for Us" by Deepali Lindblom and Luke Sorge will premiere Aug. 8 and run through Aug. 18 at Vintage Theatre, 1468 Dayton St., Aurora. Performances 7:30 p.m. Thursday, Friday, Saturday; 2:30 p.m. Saturday Aug. 10 and Sundays Aug. 11 and 18. Choreography and lyrics by Deepali Lindblom. Tickets: $10-$15, vintagetheatre.com, 303-856-7830.
Sonya Ellingboe,	Arapahoe Community College,	Littleton Colorado,	Denver,	Englewood Camera Club
Lawmakers aim to divide 18th Judicial District
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Q&A with state Sen. Jim Smallwood
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Ponderosa player brings speed, positioning to team
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Morgan Schilling, a junior at Regis Jesuit, is the 2019 Colorado Community Media South Metro Boys Tennis Player of the Year. Schilling lost only one set all season and completed a 21-0 campaign with …


Spray a 9 by 13-inch baking pan with cooking spray. Arrange the bread in a single layer in the baking pan. Whisk together the eggs, egg whites, milk, vanilla, cinnamon and maple syrup. Pour the egg mixture over the bread in the pan, spreading it around so the liquid saturates the bread. Scatter the blueberries evenly on top and sprinkle with the almonds and brown sugar. Cover and refrigerate overnight.
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Uncover the baking pan and bake for 40 to 50 minutes. Serve warm, cold or at room temperature.


Salary Survey Extra is a series of occasional dispatches that give added insight into the findings of our most recent annual Salary Survey. These posts contain previously unpublished Salary Survey data.
Some workplace problems are universal, and IT professionals have a lot of the same employment concerns that most workers do. If the economy is bouncing back, then how come there aren't more job openings? When am I going to get a raise? What about this plan I keep hearing about at the office to cut jobs? And so forth.
There are other causes for concern that are more unique to tech jobs in general, and IT certification in particular. Should I recertify, or let my credential lapse? What about that cert I got six years ago that's now retired? Does that make me less employable? Does my employer even appreciate the fact that I have four current certs and am working on a fifth?
Each year with our annual Salary Survey, we try to put a finger in the wind and test which currents of anxiety are strongest. A couple of the figures drawn from this research have already been published, but since we ask about employment concerns in the same individual section of the survey, we're going to recap all of the responses from that section here.
Here's how it works: In each case, we state an employment consideration that often causes varying degrees of stress among workers. Then we ask survey respondents to rate the level of their concern about that element of their IT employment on a five-point scale. Are you Very Concerned, Concerned, Somewhat Concerned, Mildly Concerned, or Not At All Concerned?
We evaluated seven core elements of IT employment this way. If you're a manager who wonders what tends to weigh heaviest on the minds of your IT employees, or just a guy in the trenches who'd like to know whether anyone else has these same problems, then this information may prove illuminating.
Certification Concerns: There are four issues involved here. We asked survey respondents to express their level of agitation about Decertification, or the retirement of previously valid credentials; Recertification, or the ongoing need to keep credentials current; Cheating, or the effect on all certification of people gaming the system to pass exams; and Employer Support, or the extent to which employers encourage and validate certification efforts.
By far, the area of least concern is Decertification. By the time that a prior certification or certification program fades from sight, it would seem, most of the people formerly invested in the success or validity of that credential or program have moved on. Technology changes quickly and most IT pros are probably accustomed to changing with it. There's also a notable amount of indifference to cheating, which could indicate that survey respondents don't believe it happens that much, or perhaps that they don't believe someone else's cheating is, in the long run, having a material effect on them.
What does weigh on the minds of IT pros, it would seem, is the ongoing need to recertify, which can be both expensive and time-consuming, and the perception that employers either don't support certification, or don't reward it. Perhaps both.


text:
Сезар фон Хафекер () е германски лейтенант-полковник от Вермахта, участвал в опита за убийство на фюрера Адолф Хитлер от 20 юли 1944 г.

Кариера
Хафекер е роден в Лудвигсбург, а баща му Еберхард фон Хафекер е генерал през Първата световна война.

Основната дейност на Хафекер във връзка със събитията, завършващи с опита за убийство на Хитлер във Вълчата бърлога на 20 юли 1944 г., се състои в извършването на тайна връзка между братовчед му Клаус фон Щауфенберг и друг заговорник в окупиран Париж, генерал Карл-Хайнрих фон Щюлпнагел. Хафекер оценя шансовете на опита за преврат като "само 10 процента". Той се запознава и с фелдмаршал Ервин Ромел, който смята баща му за герой, като служи под негово командване по време на Първата световна война. Той се опитва да го привлече в заговора, за да освободи Германия от Хитлер, но въпреки че Ромел подкрепя плана, той не се съгласява фюрера да бъде убит.

На 26 юли 1944 г. Хафекер е арестуван в Париж, отведен в централата на Гестапо в Берлин, където според Уилям Шиърър във "Възходът и падението на Третия райх" той е ужасно измъчван и издава името на Ервин Ромел. Това е подкрепа за заговор за свалянето на Хитлер, а не за убийството му, но това няма значение за Хитлер, който нарежда на Ервин Ромел да се самоубие или ще бъде арестуван с всички последствия за семейството му. Хафекер е признат за виновен в предателство и осъден на смърт. Обесен е в затвора Пльоцензе в Берлин.

Източници

Германски военни дейци от Първата световна война
Германски военни дейци от Втората световна война
Участници в заговора от 20 юли
Екзекутирани хора
Починали в Берлин
Родени в Баден-Вюртемберг


text:
Dr Andrew Hines
School of History, Religions and Philosophies Lecturer in World Philosophies Lecturer in World Philosophies Lecturer in World Philosophies
PhD Comp Lit (Univ of London), MA Philosophy (Univ College, Dublin),
ah123@soas.ac.uk
Tuesdays 2pm-5pm by appointment
Andrew first joined the Department of Religions and Philosophies as a Senior Teaching Fellow in 2019 and then as Lecturer in World Philosophies in September 2020. Until April 2022, he is also the Thyssen Research Fellow at the Centre for Anglo-German Cultural Relations at Queen Mary University of London where he is compiling a report on the theme of misunderstanding in the public sphere of Western democracies.
As a neurodivergent adult with Adult ADHD, Andrew is passionate about inclusive approaches to learning complex subject matter such as philosophy. He worked as a specialist tutor and mentor for students with learning disabilities alongside his PhD which he completed in 2018 at Queen Mary University of London. His PhD traced the intellectual history of the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche's conception of metaphor on European philosophy and how that conception underpins key interpretative challenges in contemporary culture and politics. This project informed his first book, Metaphor in European Philosophy after Nietzsche: An Intellectual History. Connecting his research to contemporary events and the broader public is also an ongoing passion and he frequently publishes public facing articles.
Andrew's research and teaching interests include intellectual history, the history of European philosophy from a world perspective, metaphor theory, and questions relating to language, figurative thought, and the understanding. More broadly, he is interested in how human beings understand (or misunderstand) each other and how the ideas and beliefs they use to communicate are formed. He lives in London with his wife and is a keen swimmer.
Contact Andrew
The School of History, Religions and Philosophies at SOAS University of London.
School of History, Religions and Philosophies & Centre of Jaina Studies
Jaina-Prosopography: Monastic Lineages, Networks and Patronage
Exploring the relationships between Jaina mendicant lineages and their supporters.
Department of History, School of History, Religions and Philosophies & Centre of World Christianity
MA History
MA History at SOAS University of London


Gold Key Comics put out a series that ran 16 issues from 1964 to 1970. Most covers were painted, and most had a photo of either Richard Basehart or David Hedison on them. The first issue of the Gold Key comic was a story called "The Last Survivor". The story bought back Dr. Gamma, the villain from the pilot episode, "Eleven Days to Zero". Gold Key's story was the only sequel to the pilot episode. Hermes Press reprinted the entire run in 2 hardback volumes; the first was released in 2009.


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Not quite every legacy and new-look IT vendor has its own consume on making the entire figures center more programmable via software and less dependent on specialized, proprietary and expensive hardware.
what the fuq is wrong with you?
The OP mast be the "guy after John PAul himself"!


text:
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Mathematical Problems in Engineering / 2019 / Article
AbstractIntroductionConclusionsData AvailabilityConflicts of InterestAcknowledgmentsReferencesCopyright
Computational Methods and Applications to Simulate Water-Related Natural Hazards
View this Special Issue
Jihuan Han, Jiuqun Zou, Weihao Yang, Chenchen Hu, "Mechanism of Fracturing in Shaft Lining Caused by High-Pressure Pore Water in Stable Rock Strata", Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2019, Article ID 5234642, 9 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5234642
Mechanism of Fracturing in Shaft Lining Caused by High-Pressure Pore Water in Stable Rock Strata
Jihuan Han ,1 Jiuqun Zou,1 Weihao Yang ,1,2 and Chenchen Hu 1
1State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
2School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
Academic Editor: Raffaele Albano
Revised03 Jun 2019
With the increase in shaft depth, the problem of cracks and leakage in single-layer concrete lining in porous water-rich stable rock strata has become increasingly clear, in which case the mechanism of fracturing in shaft lining remains unclear. Considering that the increase in pore water pressure can cause rock mass expansion, this paper presents the concept of hydraulic expansion coefficient. First, a cubic model containing spherical pores is established for studying hydraulic expansion, and the ANSYS numerical simulation, a finite element numerical method, was used for calculating the volume change of the model under the pore water pressure. By means of the multivariate nonlinear regression method, the regression equation of the hydraulic expansion coefficient is obtained. Second, based on the hydraulic expansion effect on the rock mass, an interaction model of pore water pressure–porous rock–shaft lining is established and further solved. Consequently, the mechanism of fracturing in shaft lining caused by high-pressure pore water is revealed. The results show that the hydraulic expansion effect on the surrounding rock increases with its porosity and decreases with its elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio; the surrounding rock expansion caused by the change in pore water pressure can result in the outer edge of the lining peeling off from the surrounding rock and tensile fracturing at the inner edge. Therefore, the results have a considerable guiding significance for designing shaft lining through porous water-rich rock strata.
In recent years, with the implementation of China's western development strategy, the abundant coal resources in some water-rich bedrock areas (Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, etc.) have been mined on a large scale [1]. Since the shaft is the passageway of mine production, the shaft lining should be designed with sufficient strength, rigidity, and waterproof performance to meet the requirements of safety, sealing, and durability. However, with the increase in coal mining depth, the non-mining-related deformation and fracture of the shaft lining under the action of high water pressure is still very serious. At present, scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of considerable research on shaft fracture caused by groundwater activities. Regarding the study topic on groundwater seepage, Farmer [2] studied the hydrostatic stresses acting on shaft lining based on the theory of surrounding rock permeability. Bear [3] carried out a microscopic study on the seepage mechanism, indicating that the change in pore shape is a sensitive factor that causes permeability coefficient changes. Bruno [4] studied the effect of pore pressure on the tensile fracture of rock on the basis of Biot theory and noted the importance of fluid-solid coupling in hydraulic fracturing. Zimmerman [5] briefly deduced the linear porous-elasticity and thermoelastic equation by using the three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling seepage model. Jiang [6] used a high-pressure permeability test to simulate the deformation law of rock mass fracturing under the action of pore water pressure. Regarding the study topic on hydrophobic settlement, Lou [7] derived a general formula for calculating the additional stress in the shaft lining based on the drainage consolidation theory. According to the principle of superposition and strain compatibility, Yang [8] derived the theoretical solution of vertical additional stress on the shaft lining by using a numerical method. Wang [9] obtained the additional stress value at complex alluvium strata by the negative friction coefficient between the shaft lining and surrounding rock. Zhang [10] studied the fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation of sharp severely aquifer drainage in underground mining and analyzed the influence of drainage location and drainage rate on the stability of shaft lining. Regarding the study on unstable rock strata, Sun [11] simulated and analyzed the deformation and stress characteristics of surrounding rock and shaft lining under the interactive geological conditions of soft and hard rock strata, and the conclusion that the shear failure occurred in shaft lining under the inhomogeneous pressure of surrounding rock was obtained. In addition, Yang [12] deduced the elastic approximate stress and displacement solution of irregular inclined shaft lining subjected to water pressure and proposed the optimal design for inclined shaft lining. Meng [13] classified and studied the constructing techniques for the inclined shaft penetrating the drift sand stratum, and the problems such as the stability of inclined shaft structure and the sealing of water and sand were solved. It is well known that shaft lining in porous water-rich rock strata is constructed by the temporary drainage method or the frozen water method. When the drainage or freezing is stopped, the pore water pressure of the surrounding rock will rise, and at this time, cracking and leakage of lining often occurs. However, no leakage occurs before the shaft lining fractures, inhibiting seepage in the surrounding rock. Additionally, the theory of vertical additional stress caused by mining hydrophobic settlement is applicable to mainly alluvium. Clearly, although some existing theories have matured, the fracture mechanism of shaft lining in high-pressure water-rich stable rock strata has not been clarified.
Based on the compressive and expansive deformation properties of the porous media under the action of stress, in analogy with the coefficient of thermal expansion, this paper defines the linear expansion coefficient of the rock caused by unit pore water pressure as the hydrostatic expansion coefficient, which is expressed as . With the advantage of solving complex problems that cannot be solved by theoretical and experimental research and having the characteristics suitable for any problem geometry and boundary conditions [14], the finite element numerical method has become one of the most effective methods to solve scientific and engineering problems. Therefore, the ANSYS numerical simulation is adopted to obtain the volume change of the cubic model under the pore water pressure. Based on the calculation results, the approximate analytical solution of the hydraulic expansion coefficient is derived by means of the multivariate nonlinear regression method. By comprehensively analyzing the influence of various factors on the shaft lining stress, the mechanism of fracturing in shaft lining due to high-pressure pore water is clarified, providing an effective and scientific basis for lining safety.
2. Hydraulic Expansion Coefficient Solution
2.1. Basic Assumptions
The rock mass is composed of an infinite number of identical cubic microunits containing spherical pores of equal diameter, and the rock is a homogeneous and isotropic linear elastic medium.
The effect of pore water pressure on a microunit can be regarded as free expansion, and the effect on the rock is the superposition of the expansive effect of each microunit [15].
The elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and porosity of the cubic model containing spherical pores are expressed by E0, μ0, and n0, respectively. Since the elastic modulus reflects the degree of rock elastic deformation, E0 is clearly inversely proportional to α. According to the basic assumptions, the hydraulic expansion coefficient of the entire porous water-rich rock is equal to that of any single cubic microunit containing spherical pores under conditions of a free boundary. Assuming is the volumetric hydraulic expansion coefficient of the rock, when the infinitesimal of higher order is ignored. Considering that n0 and μ0 are both dimensionless parameters, then αE0 can be studied as dimensionless. When the compressive stress is specified as positive, the following equations can be derived from the theory of elastic mechanics.where is the total volume of the cubic model, is the pore water pressure, r0 is the pore radius, and is the half length of the microunit.
2.2. Solution Result
According to the characteristics of the solution model, a 1/8 cubic model containing spherical pore is established by ANSYS numerical simulation, and the volume change in the model with different values of n0 and μ0 under the action of pore water pressure is calculated. When , taking n0=0.1, μ0=0.2 as an example, the model after mesh generation is shown in Figure 1, and the equivalent displacement cloud of the model after solution is shown in Figure 2.
Mesh generation.
Equivalent displacement cloud (deformation scale factor: 1000).
By means of the same method, can be calculated with different parameters of cubic model, as shown in Figure 3.
Values of with different parameters.
Based on the changing laws of the data in Figure 3, the multivariate nonlinear regression method is adopted to obtain the expression of for n0 and μ0, which satisfies that when , . Toward this goal, the objective function can be expressed aswhere n0 satisfies the general rock porosity value; i.e., , and are the regression coefficients, the values of which are shown in Table 1.
λ1 λ2 λ3 λ4 λ5 R2
-3.509 -0.261 1.952 1.087 0.505 0.9995
Note: R2 is the goodness of fit.
Regression coefficients values.
Substitute (4) into (1). Then,
3. The Variation Law of the Coefficient of Hydraulic Expansion
3.1. Regular Analysis
Analysis of the relationship between the hydraulic expansion coefficient and the various parameters is helpful to better understand the influence law of hydraulic expansion on underground structures in different water-rich rock strata and has an important guiding significance for mitigation of the shaft lining fracture problem. Therefore, the partial derivatives of n0 and μ0 for (5) are solved, and (6) and (7) are always satisfied.
The results show that the hydraulic expansion coefficient increases with n0 and linearly decreases with μ0.
3.2. Influence of Pore Shape on Hydraulic Expansion Effect
Rock is a typical porous medium, in which the internal pores are not a sphere but an irregular space with various forms and a fractal dimension [16]. Therefore, an equal-porosity cubic model with a regular N-polyhedron is adopted to analyze the influence of pore shape on the hydrostatic expansion effect, where N=4, 6, 8, 12, 20, and ∞ (sphere). If the hydraulic expansion coefficient of the model with a regular N-polyhedron pore is expressed as αN, then . Taking μ0=0.2 as an example, the relationship between and 1/N at different n0 values can be obtained by the ANSYS numerical simulation (see Figure 4). The expressions of the fitting function in Figure 4 can be expressed in the form of (8), and the corresponding fitting coefficient values are shown in Table 2.
Curve Num. n0 η1 η2 R2 Adj. R2
1 0.02 0.651 10.920 0.9837 0.9796
2 0.06 0.669 8.877 0.9831 0.9789
Note: Adj. R2 is the goodness of fit after correction.
Fitting coefficient values.
The relationship between and .
As shown in Figure 4, increases with n0 and decreases with N. The hydraulic expansion coefficient of the model containing the tetrahedral pore is the largest, while that of the model containing the spherical pore is the smallest.where η1 and η2 are both functions in terms of n0.
Based on the data in Table 2, the polynomial regression formulae of η1 and η2 can be calculated, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, respectively.
The expression of .
Since both and are functions of regarding n0 and N, the function f(n0, N) can be used to represent the value of . When μ0=0.2, the expression of f(n0, N) can be derived from (5) and (8) as follows:
The value of f(n0, N) for different rock porosities can be solved by (9). Therefore, when μ0 is between 0.1 and 0.3 and n0 is between 0.02 and 0.4, the range of f(n0, N) can be obtained, as seen in Table 3.
N 4 6 8 12 20
f(n0, N) 3.0~7.8 1.8~3.0 1.5~2.0 1.2~1.6 1.0~1.4
The range value of f(n0, N).
As seen in Table 3, the hydraulic expansion coefficient of the model containing regular polyhedral pores is approximately (1.0~7.8) α and decreases with the number of pore faces.
4. Mechanism of Shaft Lining Fracture Analysis
4.1. Stress and Displacement Solution
4.1.1. Basic Assumptions
In the absence of water, the elastic moduli of the surrounding rock and the shaft lining are E1 and E2, the corresponding Poisson's ratios are μ1 and μ2, the corresponding porosities are n1 and , respectively, and the porosity of the contact surface between the surrounding rock and the shaft lining is .
According to the nature of the problem, the following assumptions are made.
The elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the surrounding rock mass and the rock matrix approximately satisfy the linear relations as follows:where k1 and k2 are constants related to pore shape, for spherical pores [17]: k1=2.08, and k2=0.345.
The porosity of contact surface n3 can be calculated according to the probability statistical method, namely, n3=n1+n2-n1n2.
The shaft lining is a homogeneous, continuous, and isotropic linear elastic medium.
The expansion effect of the pore water pressure on the surrounding rock can be equivalent to the volume expansion of elastomer, which is similar to the thermal expansion.
The inner and outer radii of the shaft lining are r1 and r2, respectively, and the inner and outer radii of the surrounding rock are r2 and r3, respectively. The outer boundary of the surrounding rock is fixed, as shown in Figure 7.
Stress analysis model of shaft lining.
Assume that the interaction force between the surrounding rock and the shaft lining under the action of pore water pressure is a compressive stress, and the stress direction is defined as positive. The radial displacement is expressed by ur, and the radial stress and circumferential stress are expressed by and , respectively, and the radial strain and circumferential strain are expressed by and , respectively. The total stress at the interface is p0, and the effective stress is p1. The bonding strength is f1, the uniaxial compressive design strength and the uniaxial tensile design strength of the concrete are and , respectively, and the compressive design strength and the tensile design strength of the reinforcement are and , respectively. To facilitate the analysis, the relevant parameters are dimensionless as follows:
4.1.2. Stress and Displacement Solution in the Surrounding Rock Zone
The equations of equilibrium in the surrounding rock zone can be expressed as [18]
The equations of geometry for the axisymmetric plane strain problem can be written as
The equations of constitution in the surrounding rock zone under the action of water pressure expansion can be expressed as
The boundary conditions of the surrounding rock can be expressed as
According to (13)~(18), the analytical solutions of the stress and displacement in the surrounding rock zone can be obtained as
4.1.3. Stress and Displacement Solution in the Shaft Lining Zone
The equations of equilibrium and geometry in the shaft lining zone are the same as those in the surrounding rock zone, and the equations of constitution can be expressed as
The boundary conditions of the shaft lining can be expressed as
The analytical solutions of the stress and displacement in the shaft lining zone can be derived as
4.2. Stress Analysis at the Interface between the Surrounding Rock and Shaft Lining
4.2.1. Total Stress Analysis
Considering the conditions of single-valued displacement at the interface between the surrounding rock and the shaft lining, can be solved by (21) and (28) as follows:
The partial derivative of for is
According to (30), the smaller the value of is, the larger the value of is. Therefore, when the outer boundary of the surrounding rock is farther from the interface between the lining and the surrounding rock, the interaction force at the interface is greater under the unit pore water pressure. When , the interaction force is a constant value equal to
By analyzing (31), it can be found that(1)when , ;(2)when , ;(3)when , .
The results show that when the elastic modulus of the surrounding rock is too large compared with the shaft lining, p0 is close to 0; otherwise, p0 is constant. Additionally, when the lining thickness is very small, p0 approaches 0; when the pore water pressure increases (), p0 is a compressive stress, and a compressive fracture forms at the inner edge of the shaft lining. Finally, when the pore water pressure decreases (), p0 is a tensile stress, and a tensile fracture forms at the inner edge of the shaft lining.
4.2.2. Effective Stress Analysis
According to the composition of the stress at the contact surface between the surrounding rock and the shaft lining, the effective stress (or skeleton stress) at the contact surface can be expressed as
By analyzing (32), it can be found that
when , then ; that is, the contact skeleton stress is equal to 0;
when the pore water pressure increases, if , then , and the skeleton stress at contact surface is tensile stress; if , then , and the skeleton stress at contact surface is compressive stress;
when the pore water pressure decreases, if , then , and the skeleton stress at contact surface is compressive stress; if , then , and the skeleton stress at contact surface is tensile stress.
The results show that when the skeleton stress at the contact surface is subjected to tensile stress, the shaft lining has a risk of peeling off the surrounding rock.
4.3. Shaft Lining Fracture Condition Analysis
4.3.1. Fracture Condition at Inner Edge of Shaft Lining
When p0 is the compressive stress, the inner edge of the shaft lining is in compression. According to the Code [19], the compressive failure condition at the inner edge of the shaft lining iswhere is the improvement coefficient of the concrete strength under multiaxial stress, is related to and (in general, .2), and is the minimum steel content.
When p0 is a tensile stress, the inner edge of the shaft lining is in tension. According to the Code [20], the tensile failure condition at the inner edge of the shaft lining is
4.3.2. Stripping Condition at Outer Edge of Shaft Lining
To avoid the hydrostatic action of groundwater on the entire outside surface of the shaft lining, there must be a certain bonding strength between the shaft lining and surrounding rock to ensure that the two are not separated. Therefore, when the contact surface skeleton is subjected to tension, the condition for peeling of the outer edge of the shaft lining away from the surrounding rock is
The Code [20] stipulates that the bonding strength of shotcrete should be no less than 0.8 MPa with Class I and Class II surrounding rock and should be no less than 0.5 MPa with Class III surrounding rock, respectively. However, the bonding strength between the pouring concrete and the surrounding rock is less than these values. In fact, the maximum bonding strength between the shaft lining and the surrounding rock in engineering is less than 1 MPa.
5. Engineering Example
A shaft passes through water-rich bedrock strata with Class III surrounding rock. The radius of the shaft is r1=3 m, and the shaft lining is made of C60 concrete and HRB335 steel, that is, fc=27.5 MPa, ft=2.04 MPa, fy=300 MPa, and MPa. The other parameters are as follows: E0=15 GPa, E2=36 GPa, μ0=0.16, μ2=0.2, n1=0.15, n2=0.12, ν=0.2%, f1=0.8 MPa. For a change in groundwater level in the water-rich bedrock strata of 500 m, the fracturing in the lining with different thicknesses is shown in Figures 8 and 9.
Fracture condition at inner edge of shaft lining.
Stripping condition at outer edge of shaft lining.
The calculation results show that . Figures 8 and 9 show that when the water level rises, there is no compressive failure at the inner edge of the shaft lining, while stripping failure occurs at the outer edge of the shaft lining when ; when the water level drops, only the inner edge of the shaft lining undergoes tensile fracturing.
To further study the relationship between the stress and the deformation at the outer edge of the shaft lining, the lateral stiffness coefficient Kc of the lining can be calculated from (28) and (32), which can be derived as
According to (36), the values of Kc with different thicknesses are shown in Figure 10.
Values of with different .
As shown in Figure 10, Kc decreases approximately linearly with , indicating that the increase in shaft lining thickness can effectively improve the lateral stiffness coefficient.
Based on the cubic model of hydraulic expansion containing a spherical pore, its volume change is calculated by the ANSYS numerical simulation, and the approximate analytical solution of the hydraulic expansion coefficient is obtained by the multivariate nonlinear regression method. Finally, the mechanism of fracturing in single-layer concrete lining caused by high-pressure pore water in stable rock strata is revealed by analyzing the interaction between the pore water pressure and the porous rock and shaft lining, and the following conclusions are obtained.
The hydraulic expansion effect increases with the porosity of the surrounding rock and decreases with the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the surrounding rock. Therefore, by reducing the porosity and improving the strength of the surrounding rock, the expansion effect of the surrounding rock on shaft lining can be weakened.
The mechanism of fracturing in shaft lining in water-rich bedrock strata is as follows: the hydraulic expansion effect on the surrounding rock may lead to stripping failure at the outer edge or tensile failure at the inner edge of the shaft lining.
When designing the shaft lining of water-rich bedrock section through the stable rock strata, the influence of pore water pressure change should be fully considered, which is to ensure that the shaft lining not only can take full advantage of deformation and compression effect but also has high bearing capacity.
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0600904). The authors would like to thank the editor and reviewers for their contributions on the paper.
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