text:
Il PZL.49 Miś (orso, in lingua polacca) era un aereo da bombardamento bimotore ad ala bassa sviluppato dall'azienda polacca Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze di Varsavia negli anni trenta e rimasto allo stadio di progetto.

Storia del progetto
Il PZL.49 era uno sviluppo avanzato, "allo stato dell'arte", del bombardiere PZL P.37 Los.

Nel tardo 1936 l'ingegner Jerzy Dąbrowski iniziò i lavori sul progetto di un più moderno bombardiere medio derivato dal precedente PZL.37 Łoś. In questo venne assistito dagli ingegneri Stanislaw Kot e Piotr Kubicki. Per semplificare il processo di progettazione, circa il 50% degli elementi del disegno furono presi direttamente da quello del P.37 Los. L'obbiettivo principale dei progettisti era di aumentare al massimo le prestazioni dell'aereo, specialmente la velocità massima raggiungibile, migliorando nel contempo l'aerodinamica del velivolo.
Per migliorare il flusso aerodinamico attorno alla linea della fusoliera, utilizzata per il supporto delle torrette difensive dorsale e ventrale, venne proposto che la torretta dorsale fosse semi-retrattile e che quella ventrale lo fosse completamente. Tali postazioni difensive dovevano essere estratte completamente solo durante le azioni di combattimento.

Sul velivolo dovevano essere installati i più potenti motori radiali allora disponibili sul mercato. Si trattava dei radiali Bristol Hercules II, la cui licenza di produzione venne acquistata dalla PZL-WS nel 1939. I motori dovevano essere ricoperti da una cappottatura aerodinamica NACA. Il carrello d'atterraggio principale venne progettato dall'ingegnere Piotr Kubicki (brevetto 29 090). L'autonomia era prevista in 2 200 km (1 200 nmi) e poteva essere aumentata fino a 3 000 km (1 900 nmi) con l'installazione di serbatoi di combustibile supplementari. Il carico bellico standard era previsto in 2 200 kg (4 900 lb) e poteva essere aumentato fino a 3 000 kg (6,600 lb) riducendo il carico di carburante. L'armamento difensivo del prototipo PZL.49/I prevedeva una torretta dorsale girevole armata inizialmente con un cannone Hispano-Oerlikon da 37 mm e poi con un cannone Hispano-Suiza HS.404 calibro 20 mm, la cui licenza produttiva fu acquistata nel 1937. Per tale cannone venne ordinato, nel 1938, un supporto ruotante Hispano da consegnare nel mese di giugno del 1939. La postazione difensiva ventrale, armata con due mitragliatrici PWU Wz.37, fu progettata sul modello di quella dei cacciabombardieri PZL.42 e PZL.46 Sum.

Tecnica
L'aereo era un bombardiere dotato di configurazione convenzionale, monoplano ad ala bassa, di costruzione interamente metallica (compreso il rivestimento esterno). La lunghezza della fusoliera era di 14,50 metri (secondo altre fonti 14,30 m o 14,40 m), mentre l'apertura alare era di 18,00 metri (secondo altre fonti 17,93 m o 18,20 m). Le ali avevano flusso laminare, ed erano dotate di flap divisi in due sezioni. La superficie alare risultava di 55,00 m2 (secondo altre fonti 53 m2 o 53,50 m2). L'impennaggio di coda presentava la doppia deriva.

L'equipaggio era composto da quattro persone: pilota, comandante di missione/bombardiere, operatore radio e mitragliere. Il bombardiere era posizionato sul muso vetrato del velivolo ed azionava le due mitragliatrici anteriori. L'operatore di radio era posizionato nella carlinga, sopra la stiva bombe. Suo compito era anche quello di azionare le due mitragliatrici difensive della torretta ventrale. Il mitragliere sedeva verso la parte caudale, in una torretta dorsale armata con un cannone o quattro mitragliatrici.

Il carrello di atterraggio principale era completamente retrattile, con le gambe anteriori che si posizionavano all'interno della parte posteriore delle gondole dei motori, mentre il ruotino di coda rientrava all'interno di un apposito alloggiamento nella parte terminale del velivolo. Le gambe anteriori del carrello avevano ruote doppie sterzanti, dotate, ciascuna, di una sospensione indipendente.

I propulsori erano due motori radiali a doppia stella Bristol Hercules II a 14 cilindri, raffreddati ad aria, eroganti la potenza di 1 290 CV (949 kW) al livello del mare e 1 100-1 150 hp (810-846 kW) ad una quota di 1 500 m ed azionanti eliche tripala metalliche.

L'armamento difensivo si componeva di due mitragliatrici PWU Wz.37 da 7,92 mm in postazione anteriore, due mitragliatrici PWU wz.37 da 7,92 mm in torretta ventrale ed un cannone Oerlikon MG FF o Fabryki Karabinów FK wz.38D da 20 mm o quattro mitragliatrici PWU wz.37 da 7,92 mm in torretta dorsale. Le bombe erano trasportate internamente alla carlinga, in una stiva divisa in due sezioni, così come in due stive posizionate nella sezione centrale delle ali. Il carico massimo trasportabile era pari a 3.000 kg.

Impiego operativo
Il progetto definitivo del nuovo bombardiere medio fu pronto verso la metà del 1938. In un rapporto consegnato al comandante dell'aviazione, generale Józef Zając, datato 28 novembre 1938, si affermava che tutti i disegni relativi all'aereo erano stati completati. Il processo di sviluppo fu lento a causa del simultaneo coinvolgimento del team di progettisti nello sviluppo dell'aereo da caccia PZL.50 Jastrząb.

Nel tardo 1938 o all'inizio del 1939, presso lo stabilimento Wytwórnia Płatowców nr 1 (PZL WP-2) della PZL, si incominciò la produzione delle parti relative alla costruzione dei due prototipi ordinati. Tra la fine del 1938 e l'inizio del 1939. venne realizzato un modello in scala della fusoliera, comprendente una parte dell'ala sinistra. Tale mockup doveva servire per esaminare la disposizione della cabina di pilotaggio e della strumentazione da installare nella carlinga. All'inizio dell'estate del 1939 un'apposita Commissione del Comando dell'Aviazione (Komisja Dowództwa Lotnictwa), assistita dai rappresentanti dell'I.T.L. (Instytut Techniczny Lotnictwa), visionò il simulacro del bombardiere ed accettò il progetto del PZL.49, così come presentato dalla casa costruttrice. A causa dell'impegno dell'ingegner Dąbrowski nel progetto del caccia PZL.55, l'ingegner Piotr Kubicki fu nominato responsabile unico della progettazione e del nuovo bombardiere.

La direzione tecnica della fabbrica dispose di iniziare la produzione in serie dell'aereo presso lo stabilimento PZL WP-2 di Mielec. Un piano di sviluppo e produzione, elaborato nell'agosto 1939, fissava il primo volo del prototipo PZL.49/I per l'estate del 1940, mentre il primo esemplare di serie doveva essere consegnato alle unità operative verso la fine del 1941 o all'inizio del 1942.
A causa dell'invasione tedesca, il 1º settembre 1939, tutti i piani di produzione furono annullati. Le ali del primo prototipo erano quasi terminate, così come parte della fusoliera. Tutto quanto era stato realizzato fu distrutto per evitare che se ne impadronissero i tedeschi. Ogni documentazione relativa al progetto PZL.49 fu portata nell'appartamento di Dąbrowski a Varsavia all'inizio di settembre. Verso la fine del mese, durante l'assedio della città, ogni documentazione tecnica venne bruciata in una vicina panetteria per evitare che cadesse in mano nemica. Pochissima di tale documentazione poté essere recuperata alla fine della guerra. Da parte sua l'ingegnere Dąbrowski rilasciò poche informazioni su questo progetto, comprendenti uno schizzo concettuale di una vista laterale del bombardiere.

Versioni
Venne ipotizzato di produrre diverse versioni del velivolo:
PZL.49/I: primo prototipo destinato alle prove statiche, o in volo, di valutazione.
PZL.49/II: secondo prototipo, doveva rappresentare la prima versione di produzione, designata PZL.49A.
PZL.49A : prima versione di serie, dotata di propulsori Bristol "Hercules" II prodotti su licenza dalla PZL.
PZL.49B: seconda versione, destinata all'esportazione, dotata di propulsori radiali francesi Gnôme-Rhône 14N-50/51 da 1.400 HP.

Utilizzatori

Lotnictwo Wojska Polskiego

Note

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Aerei militari polacchi
Aerei militari dal 1931 al 1945


text:
Wildfly has its own logging subsystem.  The server logging configuration is defined in the standalone.xml (or standalone-full.xml) file.
By default it includes two handlers; One for logging to the console and another for logging to a file (server.log).

WildFly has its own logging system but it also supports slf4j out-of-the-box.
SLF4J doesn't provide logging capabilities. It is merely a facade (hence the name) for various logging frameworks, e.g. java.util.logging, log4j and logback, allowing the end user to plug in the desired logging framework at deployment time.
(URL: https://technology.first8.nl/configuring-slf4j-in-wildfly/)

There are 2 ways to customize slf4j&logback with Wildfly (read from http://loctranhoang.blogspot.com/2017/08/slf4j-with-logback-in-wildfly10.html) :

   - Stop implicit logging dependencies, enable slf4j&logback in ear or war application.
   - Still use Wildfly's implcit logging dependencies, but change default logging to slf4j with logback.

## Stop implicit logging dependencies, enable slf4j and logback in ear or war application

If you want to use a different binding you need to exclude the default logging module
from being added to your deployment. In order to exclude the Wildfly logging, we have to create a
jboss-deployment-structure.xml file (src/main/java/resources/META-INF):
(https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38435227/wildfly-disabling-logging-subsystem)

```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<jboss-deployment-structure>
	<deployment>
		<exclude-subsystems>
			<subsystem name="logging" />
		</exclude-subsystems>
		<dependencies>
			<module name="org.dom4j"/>
		</dependencies>
	</deployment>
</jboss-deployment-structure>
```

In pom.xml of our application, we need to add a dependency to slfj4+logback in pom.xml:

```xml
<!-- it will pull in the logback-core and slf4j-api -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
	<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
	<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
```

### Configure Logback logs

The Logback configuration file (logback.xml) must be place in src/main/java/resources.

An example of logback.xml:

```xml
<configuration>
	<appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
		<file>./standalone/log/seed_slf4j_logback.log</file>
		<append>true</append>
		<encoder>
			<Pattern>%d{HH:mm} [%thread] %-5level %logger{52} - %msg%n</Pattern>
		</encoder>
	</appender>
	<root>
		<level value="TRACE"/>
		<appender-ref ref="FILE"/>
	</root>
</configuration>
```

## Change default Wildfly to sfl4j with logback.

**a.** Edit  $JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/standalone.xml, add system property using slf4j as logging provider.

```xml
<extensions>
...
</extensions>
<system-properties>
	<property name="org.jboss.logging.provider" value="slf4j"/>
</system-properties>
<management>
...
</management>
```

**b.** Create module folder for logback, add libs and xml config file
    - create folder: $JBOSS_HOME/modules/system/layers/base/ch/qos/logback/main
    - dowload latest logback libs and put 2 jar files: logback-classic-1.2.3.jar, logback-core-1.2.3.jar in the previous created folder.
    - create a file named module.xml  with content
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<module xmlns="urn:jboss:module:1.1" name="ch.qos.logback">
	<resources>
		<resource-root path="logback-classic-1.2.3.jar"/>
		<resource-root path="logback-core-1.2.3.jar"/>
	</resources>
	<dependencies>
		<module name="org.slf4j" />
		<module name="javax.api" />
		<module name="javax.mail.api" />
	</dependencies>
</module>
```

 Note that jar file names and content of module.xml must match for the cases of updating jar files

**c.** Change Jboss config to use slf4j and logback by opening file $JBOSS_HOME/modules/system/layers/base/org/jboss/logging/main/module.xml to:

```xml
<module xmlns="urn:jboss:module:1.3" name="org.jboss.logging">
	<resources>
		<resource-root path="jboss-logging-3.3.0.Final.jar"/>
	</resources>
	<dependencies>
		<!-- <module name="org.jboss.logmanager"/> -->
		<module name="org.slf4j"/>
		<module name="ch.qos.logback"/>
	</dependencies>
</module>
```

**d.** Configure sfl4j using logback implementation.
    - edit file: $JBOSS_HOME/modules/system/layers/base/org/slf4j/main/module.xml and change dependencies from
```xml
<dependencies>
	<!-- <module name="org.slf4j.impl"/> -->
	<module name="ch.qos.logback" />
</dependencies>
```

**e.** Add configuration file logback.xml to folder: $JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration and change config standalone.sh (or standalone.bat) to load logback.xml

standalone.sh (linux)

```bash
export JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -DJBOSS_LOG_DIR=$JBOSS_HOME/standalone/log"
export JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dlogback.configurationFile=$JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/logback.xml"
```
standalone.bat (windows)

```bash
set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -DJBOSS_LOG_DIR=%JBOSS_HOME%\standalone\log "
set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Dlogback.configurationFile=%JBOSS_HOME%\standalone\configuration\logback.xml"
```

## Errors while deploying WAR

If you have the error: **SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings**

```
11:35:49,105 ERROR [stderr] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 106) SLF4J: Found binding in [vfs:/C:/dev_software/app_servers/wildfly/wildfly-17.0.0.Final_SEED/content/seed.war/WEB-INF/lib/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
11:35:49,107 ERROR [stderr] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 106) SLF4J: Found binding in [vfs:/C:/dev_software/app_servers/wildfly/wildfly-17.0.0.Final_SEED/content/seed.war/WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-simple-1.7.26.jar/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
11:35:49,108 ERROR [stderr] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 106) SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
11:35:49,203 ERROR [stderr] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 106) SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.util.ContextSelectorStaticBinder]
```

The solution is to remove the following dependency from pom.xml:

```xml
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
	<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
	<version>1.7.26</version>
</dependency>
```

## Other

In order to print logs with SLF4J, read SLF4J FAQ at http://www.slf4j.org/faq.html, specially the chapter "About the SLF4J API"

URL's:
 - Logback manual:  http://logback.qos.ch/manual/
 - SLF4J: http://www.slf4j.org/
 - Wildfly logging subsystem: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform/6.4/html/administration_and_configuration_guide/chap-the_logging_subsystem

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This essay argues that the engagement of social difference from the standpoint of disability could prove to be especially provocative within critical ethnic studies. Building on the work of Hortense Spillers, the essay questions the assumption that the acquisition of a disabled identity always occurs outside historical context. In the specific historical context of slavery, the attribution of disability to the female captive body, for instance, enabled this body to become a site where the flesh became the prime commodity of exchange in the violent conflation of profit and pleasure. The essay situates disability as the condition not of being but of becoming, and this becoming is a historical event. Furthermore it is this material context that is critical in the theorizing of disabled bodies and subjectivities.


The purpose of the Port Maitland "On The Grand" Historical Association shall be to bring together those people interested in the diverse heritage of the former townships whose borders touched the Grand River between Port Maitland and it source.
To undertake and promote the study of any phase of historical research within the area served by Port Maitland "On The Grand" Historical Association.
To operate as may seem necessary for the display of historical material and for the promotion of knowledge about any aspect of the history of former townships whose borders touched the Grand River between Port Maitland and its source.
William Arthur Warnick Bill Warnick with the assistance of other interested local historians and volunteers formed the Port Maitland, "On the Grand" Historical Association (PMHA) in 2005 with the purpose of making local history available to all who wished to learn about it and all who wished to discover it through research.
In 1998 Bill started a history letter called the Grand Dispatch. It ran for five years before due to unfortunate circumstances it needed to take a rest. In 2013, The Grand Dispatch was resurrected under the sponsorship of PMHA.
Bill is interested in local Grand River Township's history and is an avid genealogist who records as many local families has time and records permit.
Bill Strong became our webmaster in 2014. A resident of Port Maitland, Bill has had a long time interest in local history and genealogy.
He was a founding member and Chair of the Ontario Genealogical Society Haldimand County Branch, a founding director of the Dunnville District Heritage Association, former Chair of the Cottonwood Mansion Preservation Society and a founding director of the Dunnville Agricultural Society (the Dunnville Fair Board).


The Commonwealth Games and Asiad gold medallist will wrestle in his first ever World Championships final on Monday.
Talk about winning close bouts. Jordan Burroughs of USA perhaps is the king of heart-stopping. He had too many of them at the ongoing world championships in Budapest. He has wrestled closed bouts earlier as well. Though Bajrang Punia's bouts on Sunday were not edge-of-the-seat thrillers like Burroughs's, they did give an adrenaline rush to viewers. He wrestled four bouts to reach the final of the Senior World Championships in Budapest, but not in all four was there a show of strength and composure.
Bajrang failed to execute the leg turks against the local boy Ahsarin. He gave up two early points but returned with three takedowns and took the lead. His focus was to hold the centre of the mat and wait for the opponent to attack. The second half was a teaser for his following bouts.
Lee has wrestled Bajrang before and knew how powerful he is. In 2017 at the Asian Championships final in New Delhi, Bajrang had beaten Lee to claim the gold. He showed his superior skills in Budapest as well. He would slowly wear Lee down. Constant snapping and forcing Lee to attack, Bajrang made sure he did not commit the mistake of going deep into Lee's zone. And when Bajrang got the first chance to attack, he did.
Ochir had beaten two top wrestlers in the bracket in Magomedmurad Gadzhiev and David Habat and was looking for another upset. But Bajrang, like his previous bouts, showed how difficult it is to get past him. Once again the focus was on defence. Bajrang did not sit on the lead as he did delay his attacks. His full control of the bout meant he had that luxury, although coach Shako wasn't happy.
How do you stop a high-scoring and big attacker like Tobier? Bajrang did not let him attack. Vulnerable on his legs, Bajrang decided to wrestle with the upper body and whenever Tobier decided to attack, he could stop him with chest or arm locks. Tobier, coming into this match with wins over three-time world champion Haji Aliyev and Asian champion Daulet Niyazbekov, failed to pull-off his big moves and could only get a takedown late in the second half. Bajrang, however, was exposed on too many occasions. Surprisingly, Tobier waited for Bajrang to commit the mistakes rather than taking the initiative.


If your web hosting company provides live chat support, you will be able to speak with an agent in real-time and learn useful info or get an issue resolved timely. The key advantage of using chat as an alternative to calling to talk to a live person is that you'll need just a computer with access to the web, so you will not pay any charges if you're in a different country or state. What's more, it'll be a lot quicker to copy and paste information for example domain names, usernames or error messages in other words details which are sometimes difficult to share with the other party on the phone. The live chat is also a faster solution to contact the web hosting service provider's support team in comparison to using a ticketing system. What's more, in the event that some problem needs a little more time to be taken care of, you are able to do something else entirely while you wait for assistance on the live chat, which means that you won't waste time - something that is impossible in case you're on the telephone.
In addition to the telephone and ticket support, we offer live chat support as well. You're able to contact us every day, including holidays and weekends, and we can give you more details about the website hosting plans that we offer if you are not a customer yet, or about basic and billing questions in case you already have an account. Though for solely tech issues you have to open a ticket to our technical assistance team, since such matters require extra time to be dealt with, you may still contact us through our live chat for some technical information. For example, we will help you set up an e-mail address in your e-mail client or troubleshoot various problems, saving you considerable time. Even if our telephone lines are already off for the day, you'll be able to speak with a live person.
The live chat support service that we provide is available every single day, even on holidays and weekends. It's the most effective way to learn more information about our semi-dedicated hosting plans in case you do not have an account yet or to get a problem resolved in case you are a customer and our support representatives will help you in real time no matter what time of the day you join our chat. In case you're unsure which plan is more appropriate for your websites, if you need a piece of advice whether you should obtain a particular upgrade and how to order it or in case you experience problems installing an email account on your computer, you will be able to get in touch with us and we will provide you with the needed information in a timely manner. The live chat is accessible even after our phone lines are off for the day, therefore when you have an account here, you can rest assured that you'll always enjoy instant help with any kind of question or issue that pops up.


Thirteen countries have now banned Belgian pork and pork products, following confirmation of African swine fever in the south of the country last week.
The Belgian authorities said 'very few' domestic pigs are kept in this region and that the risk of domestic pigs becoming infected with ASF remains 'limited'. Sixty commercial pig farms closest to the restriction zone have been screened for ASF – all proved negative, according to an update on the NPA website from Andrew Knowles, of ForFarmers, which has operations in Belgium.
Nonetheless, a number of non-EU countries have responded by banning pork exports from Belgium for what is expected to be at least the next six months. The 13 countries to have done so are: South Korea, China, Taiwan, Belarus, Mexico, The Philippines, Japan, South Africa, Serbia, Singapore, Uruguay, Australia, and Malaysia.
As a result, it is expected that pig prices will fall in Belgium. Pigs from Belgium pigs normally slaughtered in the Netherlands will now, for a while at least, be slaughtered in Belgium.
The UK could not ban Belgian exports even if it wanted to. The EU has agreed on a regionalised approach where fresh or frozen pig meat from ASF-restricted zones cannot be sold to other EU member states, but commercially produced fresh or frozen pig meat derived from pigs raised outside the restriction zones can continue to be traded.


text:
Lassa Fever: Symptoms, Treatments and Preventions
January 9, 2022 February 11, 2021 by John Lawe
Lassa fever has become one of the endemic viral sicknesses in parts of West African countries such as Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria.
It is zoonotic meaning it is an animal-borne illness or can spread from animals to humans.
Its risk has further extended to Neighboring nations as the organism that transmit Lassa virus, the "multimammate rodent" (Mastomys natalensis) is widely dispersed through-out the region.
Lassa fever was first described in 1950's and Lassa virus (LASV) was identified in 1969 and is named after Lassa town in northeastern Nigeria where the principal cases happened.
Statistics has shown that an approximately 100,000 to 300,000 infections due to Lassa fever happen yearly, with around 5,000 deaths.
There is no standardized survey that has been carried out on Lassa fever; in this way, these evaluations are unrefined.
What causes Lassa Fever and how is it Transmitted?
Risk of Exposure
How is Lassa Fever Diagnosed?
Can Lassa Fever be Cured?
How can Lassa Fever Be Prevented?
The host of Lassa virus is a rat known as the "multimammate rodent" (Mastomys natalensis).
When rats become infected with the virus it can discharge virus in pee for an all-inclusive timespan, perhaps till it dies.
Rats breed as often as possible, and give birth to a large number of its young and are widely distributed in the savannas and woodlands of west, central, and east Africa.
What's more, Mastomys promptly live in human homes and territories where food is stored.
These are some of the major factors that add to the moderately productive spread of Lassa infection from infected rodents to people.
Transmission of Lassa infection to people happens most usually through ingestion of contaminated foods or inward breath.
They shed the infection in pee and droppings and direct contact with these materials, touching soiled objects, eating contaminated foods, or introduction to open cuts or injuries, can prompt disease.
Since Mastomys rodents regularly live in and around homes and feed on left over human food items or foods not properly stored, direct contact transmission is normal.
Mastomys rodents are now and again are consumed as bush meat and contamination may happen when rodents are gotten and arranged "prepared".
Contact with the infection may likewise happen when an individual breathes in minor particles in the air contaminated with infected rat discharges.
This vaporized or airborne transmission may happen during cleaning exercises, for example, sweeping.
Direct contact with contaminated rodents isn't the main manner by which individuals are infected; individual to-individual transmission may happen after presentation to infection in the blood, tissue, emissions, or discharges of a Lassa infection contaminated person.
Easygoing contact (skin-to-skin contact without exchange of body fluids) doesn't spread Lassa infection.
Individual to-individual transmission is regular in human services settings (called nosocomial transmission) where proper personal protective equipment (PPE) isn't accessible or not utilized.
Lassa infection might be spread in contaminated medicinal equipment, for example, reused needles.
Signs and Symptoms of Lassa fever ordinarily happen 1-3 weeks after the patient comes into contact with the infection.
For most of Lassa fever virus contamination (around 80%), Symptoms are mild and are undiscovered.
Mild Symptoms include slight fever, general discomfort and weakness, and headache.
In 20% of contaminated people, nonetheless, illness may advance to increasingly serious manifestations including hemorrhaging (in gums, eyes, or nose, as examples), respiratory distress, repeated vomiting, facial swelling, pain in the chest, back, and abdomen, and shock.
Others such as hearing loss, tremors, and encephalitis have also been described.
Death may happen within a period of fourteen days after symptoms began due to failure of multiple organs.
The most widely recognized complexity of Lassa fever is deafness. Different degrees of deafness happen in around 33% of contamination, and much of the time hearing loss is changeless.
As far as is known, seriousness of the malady doesn't influence this complexity: deafness may occur mild as well as in extreme cases.
Around 15%-20% of patients hospitalized for Lassa fever pass on from the ailment.
Nonetheless, just 1% of all Lassa infection contamination bring about death.
Since the symptoms of Lassa fever are variable and vague or nonspecific, clinical analysis is regularly troublesome.
Lassa fever is additionally connected with infrequent epidemics, during which the case-casualty rate can reach 50% in hospitalized patients.
People at most serious danger of Lassa infection contamination are the individuals who live in or visit endemic districts, including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, and Nigeria and have exposure to the multimammate rodent.
Danger of exposure may likewise exist in other west African nations where Mastomys rodents exist.
Hospital staff are not at great risk for contamination as long as defensive measures and appropriate cleansing strategies are utilized.
Lassa fever is regularly analyzed by utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assays (ELISA), which detect IgM and IgG antibodies as well as Lassa antigen.
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be used in the early stage of disease.
The virus itself may be cultured in 7 to 10 days, but this method should just be done in a high regulation research center with great laboratory practices. Immunohistochemistry, performed on formalin-fixed tissue samples, can be utilized to make a posthumous conclusion.
Ribavirin, an antiviral medication, has shown to be successful when used in Lassa fever patients.
It has been demonstrated to be best when given from the get-go in the course of the disease.
Patients should likewise get steady supportive care comprising of maintenance of appropriate fluid and electrolyte balance, oxygenation and blood pressure, just as treatment of any other complicating infections.
Below are 9 ways to prevent Lassa virus infection:
1. Avoid contact with Mastomysrodents, especially in regions where outbreaks occur.
2. Put food away in rodent-proof containers
3. Keep the home clean, this helps to discourage rodents from entering homes.
4. Using these rodents as a food source is not recommended.
5. Set Traps in and around homes to help reduce rodent populations.
6. Cook all foods thoroughly
7. Always wash hands thoroughly after contact with any sick person
8. Use hand sanitizers regularly
9. When handling infected person, wear protective clothing, such as masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles; use infection control measures, such as complete equipment sterilization; and isolate infected patients from contact with unprotected persons until the disease has run its course.
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC286250/
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A Sight For Sore Eyes
Log Archive » Logs for September 2009 » A Sight For Sore Eyes
Someone is back.
The Rock Cellar
A comfortable place, located in the basement of 14 East 4th Street. The red brick walls are covered with memorabilia from various icons of rock and places in rock history, creating a feel similar to that of a Hard Rock Cafe.
The left wall has two bars separated by swinging doors which lead to and from the kitchen. Directly across from the entrance is a two foot high stage with all the equipment needed for acts to perform there. The right wall has three doors marked as restrooms: two for use by women and one by men.
Thirty square feet of open space for dancing and standing room is kept between the stage and the comfortable seating placed around tables which fill the remainder of the Cellar.
The lighting here is often kept dim for purposes of ambience, and when performers are onstage the place is loud enough to make conversation difficult. Just inside the door is a podium where location staff check IDs and stamp the hands of those under twenty-one with a substance visible under UV lights at the two bars and by devices the servers carry. On the podium's front is a sign with big black letters that just about explain it all: If You Don't Like Rock 'N' Roll, You're Too Late Now!
Another month has started. She's been in Nuked York City for a few days beyond a year now, and what a year it's been. Etched apartment walls, revelations of it not being Sylar who nuked the city, becoming a rebel who at times engages in armed actions, having come to terms with bisexuality and having lost her lover, so many things experienced and survived. Vanguard, the Moab raid, T.Monk's counsel. And now Norman White, whatever the Vanguard remains might be up to, Humanis First, the Suresh Center, her continuing avoidance of the public eye and keeping things she owns from linking to her name.
Once again, as the day crosses the top of the thirteenth hour she's in the Cellar. No one else is here yet, but the door is unlocked. People aren't expected to show up for work until 14:30 or 15:00 today, but she allows for the possibility just the same.
Her red Fender Strat is plugged into an amp and resting on a stand, but she isn't playing it now. Instead she's got an alto sax in her hands and is teaching herself to play it using sheet music for rock tunes read only once.
The door creaks open. A familiar shadow crosses the door, a shadow that hasn't seen the place in months. He's carrying a familiar looking backpack and a couple of duffels. He pauses before taking a few steps into the place. He just stands there and smiles, and says nothing.
She's busy. Eyes are closed, Cat blows into the reed and moves her fingers on the applicable parts of the instrument. It's a decent job, but it's also clear she's still getting the hang of hitting the notes just right. Muscle memory and mental memory are different things, even though she's got nimble fingers. The tune is part of a Springsteen song, as if she were seeking to channel Clarence Clemons.
Her clothing is black; a sleeveless t-shirt which shows she's acquired a bit more definition in her arms while remaining feminine and dark shorts with athletic footwear. The stage is prowled as if she were a panther.
Kinson takes a few steps forward into the light. He knows the song she's playing, knows the Clemons solo she's channeling, and sings in his whispering voice, "Radio Nowhere… is there anybody alive out there… This is radio nowhere… is there anybody alive out there… is there anybody alive out there…?"
The voice draws her out of the reverie exhibited onstage and the source of it is sought out, eyes opening. When they settle on the man, a smile slowly spreads. "I don't know," Cat teases. "Is there?" Her posture is open, inviting his approach to the stage after a terse instruction. "Lock the door, if you would."
He is watched, physical appearance now being compared with the memory of him at their last encounter. The choice of song for her is perhaps uncharacteristic, it being so new and her having such a taste for classic works, but she does venture into newer tunes on occasion and it is, after all, still the Boss.
Kinson takes a few more steps closer to the stage, letting the lights hit him a little. He is quiet, still, but he drops his bags. He's home.
The instrument is allowed to hang loosely across her chest as she watches the man and waits for him to step up on stage, her stance still inviting. "It's good to see you back," Cat greets further. "Interesting travels?" No commentary yet on how interesting life here has been. That will come in time.
Kinson steps up on stage and takes the last few steps towards her, closing to just a mere couple of feet. "Not in the Chinese curse use of the word interesting, but interesting enough." he smiles softly, "You're a sight for sore eyes." he grins.
"Yes," Cat agrees, "I am." She uses no more words at the present time, choosing instead to unplug the guitar from the amp where she had it and take it with her. She leaves the stage and goes to lock the door. It takes no more than a minute or two doing that and moving to the passageway where the internal elevator hidden from the general public is.
She waits there for him to join her, the intended destination seven floors up, for activities to be conducted behind closed doors but not in her own bed.
That Mother is now a resident in the penthouse too will be covered another time, among so many other things.
_cat_kinson


Smoking is a serious risk to your health and environmental tobacco smoke is also harmful to others. St Vincent's Hospital Sydney is a proud smoke-free environment and smoking is not permitted in any building, vehicle or on any grounds controlled by St Vincent's Hospital.
If you would like to obtain information on how to quit smoking you can contact the Quitline on 131 848.
The consumption of alcohol within the hospital and its surroundings is also prohibited.


FarGo Village welcomes three new businesses - including hand-made chocolate shop!
A trio of new creative businesses have taken residence at Fargo Village.
Spray Station, Choc "n" Roll and The Green Unicorn are the three newest start-ups to move into premises at the creative village, following free advice from Coventry and Warwickshire Chamber of Commerce.
Choc "n" Roll, owned by former Stratford-upon-Avon lecturer Tony Davies, specialises in producing hand-made chocolates and macaroons – and has recently started holding workshops to teach his art.
After 15 years of working with chocolate, including a period at the Swedish Houses of Parliament, he decided to set up his own business and has plans to bring a fine desserts club to Fargo soon.
Spray Station brings a new form of art to the village, with owner Andy Clare specialising in Aerosolgrafia – one of the fastest growing art movements on social media, after originating in Mexico in the 1980s.
Andy Clare and Wendy Brown at Andy's Spray Station workshop.
Andy started demonstrating his talents on the Coventry city centre streets and sold enough of his paintings to start up his own studio at Fargo. The artist is also holding personal tuition and group workshops to train people in the aspects of spray paint and street art.
Nikki Chetwynd's The Green Unicorn is a brand new shop that will cater for the needs of the city's growing Vegan community.
The store will provide food, groceries, snacks, chilled and frozen foods for vegans – and will also sell vegan themed handcrafted gifts.
Nikki Chetwynd and Wendy Brown at The Green Unicorn vegan store in Fargo Village.
Nikki, who has been a vegan for three years, said: "I found Fargo Village and just fell in love with the place, especially the shipping containers as they were the perfect size for a start-up and the rent charges were very competitive.
"Having a mentor from the Chamber with whom to discuss my business has been invaluable and has enabled me to have the confidence to really give it my best shot.
All three start-ups received free advice from Chamber business advisor Wendy Brown and Nikki also took advantage of free courses in starting a business.
Wendy Brown and Tony Davies at Choc "n" Roll in Fargo Village.
Aldi vs Asda - Which supermarket is cheaper for your family shop?
Wendy said: "Fargo Village is a fantastic space and perfect for these new business – with whom it has been a pleasure to work with over the past few months.


This past week Chewie has been home from school for Spring Break, and THANKFULLY the weather actually cooperated, for the most part. There were a few days of snow at the beginning of the week, but by the end of the week we had highs of +20C (68F) which we thoroughly enjoyed.
One morning i came downstairs to see the boys wearing these hats and being fancy. :D so cute.
So, okay - the week after WeLove2Tangle was pretty crazy, and i haven't really had a chance to tell you all about it.
The Tuesday after WL2T our friend Kelsey came to visit us! She flew in from Calgary to stay with us for a few days so that she and i could go to Maroon5 on the Wednesday together. They boys were super excited to see her, we haven't seen her since the Moebius Conference in Washington DC last summer.
She flew back to Calgary on Thursday evening and on Saturday morning we packed up the boys and headed to Calgary ourselves for Artoo's eye appointment check up - which you may remember ended with us spending an entire day at the Alberta Children's Hospital emergency room until past midnight.
BUT - before that happened, we drove through Drumheller, AB on our way to Calgary. Drumheller has one of the worlds best dinosaur deposits. And Artoo loves him some dinosaurs. So we stopped to climb up the World's Largest Dinosaur - and 86ft high fiberglass TRex.
And one from the inside.
In Calgary we stayed with my aunt and uncle, who have a trampoline outside, which totally made Chewie's whole trip.
And then Artoo got sick.
It was exhausting. But we made it to his eye appointment where the doc told us the great news that the first surgery was great, and the botox injections were successful, which means he will not have to undergo another eye surgery! HOORAY!!! But, he needs glasses.
Gol'darned if i don't make adorable children.
and played on the swings, funny to remember that just a few weeks ago i posted a similar photo with snow all over the place.
And it was a gorgeous day with lots of wind, so we went to the park and flew B-rad's big kite!
Artoo was pretty excited to be 'flying' dad's kite - except that moments after i took this photo the kite pulled so hard that b-rad knocked him over. he wasn't thrilled about that.
I had a turn flying the kite, and it was pulling me all over the place! B-rad actually snapped the strings. twice. and they are 130lb test!! So, it was a crazy windy day. fun though.
We spent so much time outside this week, it was awesome - and hopefully a sign of more beautiful days to come. The boys were so used to playing inside, it took some convincing to get them out there, but once they were out they were golden.
Weekly Challenge #213: "Traced Object Strings"
okay, so back at WeLove2Tangle, one of the cool things at the end of the day was when Margaret Bremner shared with us a quick trick to making interesting strings.
I'm sure all of these will be super fun to try out.
So, what if you don't happen to have any cardboard bits left over from a board game? That's okay! If you have a stencil, use it - or Grab any object and trace it... here's an example of one i did on a Bijou tile. I grabbed this little Spiderman keychain that Chewie got from the easter bunny and traced it.
Then i traced around this spiderman eraser - also courtesy of the easter bunny.
I hope you'll have some fun with this challenge this week. I know for me i often get stumped on the string - just where to even begin. So it's nice for me to have a stack to draw from - and i also know i can trace any found object as well! I'm looking forward to see what you all use so i can add those to my bag o' tricks as well.
OMGosh! You have THE. MOST ADORABLE. kids on the planet!
Thanks for sharing all these photo's, the boys are great (again)!
Great blog post, Laura! Your energy and enthusiasm is infectious and inspiring! Gorgeous photos and a super String idea.
I just love seeing happy children! Beautiful boys.
I finally figured out how to have a Flickr account and posted some of my tangles and TIA's. Now I just have to figure out the Linky Machine and I'll be able to join your weekly challenges. I also enjoy hearing about your boys who are adorable. Mine are grown, so it brings back memories of all those joyful, playful times. Thanks for sharing with us in your beautiful story.
Wow! Your tangles this week are just gorgeous. It was fun to see all the activities of the last week, too.
Greetings from CZT Training #18, Cuteness.
You sure have had a busy week! Splendid springtime tile!!
I always find it wonderful to see children enjoying playing out in the sun, instead of glued to a screen somewhere. I'm glad things are going better healthwise for all of you and hope it continues. As for the challenge, well, it certainly wasthat for me, but when I look at your tiles I just think "one day, maybe, one day..."
Your Artoo-saurus is so cute!
Great pictures and a great challenge. As always!
Such handsome boys! Mine are about the same distance apart and I really miss them being that young... they grow up so fast! Thank you so much for sharing.
This week's tangle was interesting, I've been so busy lately that just taking a few minutes to doodle was a nice change.
Fun with the boys! - I posted a quick tile I did a little while ago that fits this challenge - but just wait - I've got a new one in progress - and quite a story to go with it!!!
Thank you for that interesting challenge!
I look forward to your weekly challenge and hearing about your boys. Especially love your first tile this week.
I LOVE this Challenge...mainly because I'm always looking through my boys toy boxes to find things to trace and use as strings! Give it a try...you'll be amazed at what you find in there!
I started this challenge while waiting at the Dentist's office; so I was limited in what I could use. But I did come up with a couple of items that I could use for the string. It's a very simple tile; but it meets the criterion for this challenge.
Glad that you all had some outside time; hope it made you feel terrific.
Love your "sunny fun" family pics! Hope everyone is feeling better to enjoy the weekend. This challenge encouraged me to think "outside the box"! Thanks! ....Deanne B.
This was my very first challenge entry. I used a refrigerator magnet number 8, it was the first thing I saw. Thanks for all of the awesome ideas!
I like your tiles and the object idea for strings. I am a quilter so I grabed my scissors and drew them on my tile. I like how it turned out. pictures of my objects and penciled strings are on Pinterest on my VinDoodle Board. Hope your weekend is going great!


The U.S. Department of Justice is not expected to intervene in a dispute about verifying new voter registrations in Ohio before Tuesday's election, apparently rejecting Republican entreaties to it and President Bush.
"That is our clear understanding," Secretary of State Jennifer Brunner said at a Statehouse news conference yesterday to discuss preparations for the election.
Justice Department spokeswoman Jamie Hais said, "The Civil Rights Division is pleased with Secretary Brunner's cooperation and will continue to monitor the situation in Ohio and take whatever action is deemed appropriate to ensure that there is compliance with (federal election law)."
U.S. House Minority Leader John Boehner, R-West Chester, had asked the Justice Department and Bush to seek an order forcing Brunner to release details about discrepancies in registrations, arguing it's necessary to weed out fraud.
At issue is what should be done with the mismatches that occur when the names and other information provided by newly registered voters are checked by computer against state motor-vehicle and federal Social Security records.
Brunner, a Democrat, initially said she could provide the mismatches but said yesterday that she "spoke too soon" and discovered it's not possible because the state's voter-registration database was not constructed properly.
In fact, she said, the database, which she inherited from Republican predecessor J. Kenneth Blackwell, was not designed to allow searches for mismatches and likely will be scrapped after the election and rebuilt.
"If we were to just sit back after the election and do nothing, I wouldn't blame (the Justice Department) for suing us to get it done, but that's not our intention," Brunner said. "Our intention all along has been to try to comply."
She said her office has been working with Justice Department lawyers, noting she issued a directive to counties last week related to removing duplicate registrations or dead people from the rolls.
Republicans, who sued Brunner unsuccessfully on the issue, accuse her of trying to conceal potential fraud by refusing to release details about the database mismatches -- which she has estimated to be 200,000 since Jan. 1.
"I'm disappointed by the Justice Department's refusal to stop Secretary Brunner's calculated effort to undermine the integrity of Ohio's election," Boehner said in a statement.
Fred Thompson, the former actor, U.S. senator and GOP presidential candidate, said while stumping for Sen. John McCain in southeastern Ohio yesterday that fraud is a major concern for the GOP nominee as he tries to close a gap in the polls.
"The whole world" is watching Ohio's presidential election, Thompson told a friendly audience at a restaurant in Lancaster. "If we get a fair vote, we are going to carry this state and we are going to win this election."
But Brunner and experts have noted that many of the mismatches are caused by typos or other legitimate discrepancies and not fraud.
She also said that there are concerns the database could become unstable by searching for mismatch details. Neither she nor her staff members could say what rebuilding the database will cost or what the state paid to build it in the first place.
Monty Lobb, the assistant secretary of state under Blackwell, said the database and matching system was working and that Brunner is trying to shift blame for any problems now.
Meanwhile, Brunner downplayed news that SysTest, the Colorado laboratory used to help test Ohio voting equipment as part of a $1.9 million study last fall, could have its accreditation suspended for "failure to create and validate test methods, improper documentation of testing and unqualified personnel."
"Whatever the difficulty is, SysTest has been very good to work with and I'm sure whatever the problem is, they'll remedy it quickly," Brunner said.
Dispatch Washington Bureau Chief Jonathan Riskind contributed to this story.


This is a jingle on Antiretroviral drugs which are critical for people living with HIV. Antiretroviral drugs restrain the growth and reproduction of HIV.
Mrs. Malarkodi, India's 1st Women Lorry driver who was awarded with the title Veeranai Goods,India's best Women lorry driver and many more to her credits . Malarkodi learned lorry driving from her husband a professional lorry driver in Tiruchengode, (a small village in Namkkal district, Tamilnadu) who travels all 30 days in a month to all parts of India for delivering goods. When her husband met with a serious accident, it was at that moment Malarkodi took lorry driving as her profession and continued to take orders that came for her husband. Then after she continued this profession with fill dedication ignoring all bad and unwanted criticism from her neighbors. Mrs.Malarkodi is an encouraging star for many of her community women.