Lydia has set this week's Mixability challenge at Splitcoast Stampers - Through the Mist.
The idea is to clean a painty brayer by rolling on clean cardstock and use the resulting piece as the basis for something. The brayered prints are often reminiscent of a misty landscape. Lydia's put together a great little video, you can check it out of the SCS thread linked above.
When I watched the video, I kept mentally filling in bare tree shapes on the prints so that's where mine had to go, I'm afraid! I stamped the tree over the brayered base and added a bit of white pen for some moonlight highlights. I smudged a little charcoal pencil along some of those higlights to soften them.
I helped the brayering along just a tiny bit with a pen line under the tree to define the ground a bit more and stamped and white embossed the sentiment. The moon is finger-painted with silver acrylic paint and I added some lowlights with a Copic fine liner once the paint was dry (again smudging with my finger).
I kept the setting really simple, just sticking it slightly offset on the cardbase and running the fineliner round the edge of the panel - I thought the simplicity went with the tranquil feel.
Bright white embossing powder by WOW!
This is about as close as I'm likely to get to shabby chic and it just kind of evolved that way. I made the embellishment and then had no end of trouble figuring out how to use it!
If you choose to play along with the DT on the Pan Pastels challenge blog this week, the challenge is to use a stencil to create an embellishment (details here). It sounded like a challenging challenge and I'm up for that so I had a go!
I used a piece of metal from a tomato paste tube, cut with a Cuttlebug die (it started life as a tag but I snipped off the hanging loop as part of the evolution process!). On the back, I drew inside the circles of a sequin waste mask with a knitting needle, flipped it over and squashed the centres of the raised circles and refined it (again with the knitting needle!) to give a sort of rim. The whole lot is stuck to a piece of mount board and bashed with an embossing stylus for a beaten metal look. I used a bit of Copic ink to colour the centres of the circles and a dot of Glossy Accents for an enamelled finish. So far, so good - I liked the way it turned out.
Then I faffed for a couple of days and nothing looked right. I eventually ended up with this and I'm still not entirely happy but I decided to say enough is enough and call it done!
I used Versamark through the same sequin mask and added Pan Pastel on the card front. Then I added more Versmark and more pastel at the bottom for more solid coverage. The rose has some turquoise Pan Pastel brushed over the edges.
It's time for a new Take It, Make It challenge on the Craft Stamper blog and this time it's all about repeats! Take a stamp and use it several times over to make your design - it could be a background, a focal point or whatever you can dream up!
I chose a stylised peacock feather for a lovey-dovey card that could be used for those tricky occasions when hearts and flowers don't seem quite right! The little motif in the centre of the feathers is a separate stamp so I used the "eye" in most and a single heart to go with the love theme. I cut out the feather with the heart and used silicone glue to give it just a tiny bit of height to accentuate it, just sticking it over the one stamped on the base layer.
This is one of those occasions where I'm pleased I have both sizes of Corner Chomper even though it does seem extravagent! Being able to round that corner and have the white layer "nested" with the black border makes me happier than it should!
Check out the blog for details if you fancy joining the challenge - we'd love to see you and there's a prize of a couple of lovely stamps from Visible Image as well as the chance to see your card published in the magazine if you're the winner!
The challenge is going monthly from March so if you've been used to a two month slot to join in with us, remember you need to get your skates on this time - closing date is midnight on 26th February!
I had a little play with various bits and pieces today. This week's MixAbility challenge at Splitcoast Stampers calls for the use of hearts (here) and the Pan Pastels challenge blog has another anything goes week with the option to join the DT in using fabric on your project (details here).
Very little stamping on here and more die cuts than I'd usually use! I started with two primitive hearts cut from mount board and lettering to spell the word LOVE (I cut the word twice and stacked the layers for a bit extra depth since Spellbinder dies don't cut thick materials). Then I covered the lot with double sided tape sheet and put fine-weave cotton fabric over it. I ran it through my Big shot with an embossing mat to make sure everything was stuck down well. I'd have liked a few more wrinkles in the fabric but never mind, the texture is still interesting!
Then I went to town with Pan Pastels and a charcoal pencil. The only stamping is some Hero Arts brush strokes stamped in the corners in Versamark and rubbed over with more pastel for slightly more intense colour. I left the edges of the fabric deliberately a bit frayed before sticking it to a card base.
I used my finger to apply the white Pan Pastel over the lettering as it seemed to give me most control.
What I learned - Mod Podge doesn't take Pan Pastel very well (I originally Mod Podged the fabric rather than using sheet adhesive); I love the look of fabric over die cuts; you need to make sure there's a support under the overhang of the second die cut to bring it to the same level as the other one before running it through the Big Shot. I'm also extremely pleased with my new fixative - it's a natural substance (based on casein, the protein found in milk and apparently the fixative preferred by Degas!) and it's in a pump bottle so there's no solvent smell or hazard if you're spraying indoors.
The weather is so awful here in the UK at the moment that I thought a bit of brightness might be in order in the craft room! I've just treated myself to a few new colours of Pan Pastels too so I chose the Bright Yellow Green and made a cheerful birthday card for my stash.
The Pan Pastels blog has another "anything goes" challenge with the option to join in with the DT in using a stencil (details here). I've actually used a mask but the terms seem to be somewhat interchangeable these days so I'm going to count it as playing along with the theme!
I loved how easy it was to feather out the edge of the pastel - quicker and easier than ink and sponge!
The pretty flowers are really quick and easy to do - they're a two step stamp and as they're clear, it's really easy to line up the various layers. I fussy cut by hand but Claire does have cut files available for this set if you have an electronic cutter and prefer to leave the scissors in the drawer!
The sequins are irridescent white and at certain angles they're almost exactly the same pink as the flowers!
Thanks for stopping by - hope you're staying safe and dry if you're dealing with extreme weather!


The vertical conception of industry is outdated. Regions are the right level to implement transversal and interconnected innovation ecosystems.
Industry matters in a territory like Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes, as 25% of regional employment is industrial and Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes is the second industrial region in France. To support its industries, Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes focuses its action on Investments (in research equipments and demonstrators) Innovation (collaborative R&D, user-driven innovation) and International. The regional ecosystem is mainly organized through clusters, to ensure close collaboration between researchers and industries.In 2013, Auvergne - hône-Alpes Region has set a new Regional Innovation Strategy for smart specialisation (RI3S) whith 3 objectives. The first is to improve efficiency of region-al innovation ecosystem (by enabling cross-disciplinary approaches and transfer of KETs, by promoting entrepreneurship and improving Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes players participation in Horizon 2020). The second objective is to explore new innovation areas to provide solutions to societal challenges (by promoting user driven innovation, public innovative procurement, and social innovation). The third objective is to focus on "smart specialisation" domains: personalized healthcare; eco-efficient factory; grids and energy storage; smart building with high energy-efficiency; digital technologies and user-friendly systems; mobility systems of the future; sports, safety and infrastructures in the Alpine mountain.
In this context, in Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes, we think that interregional cooperation is an efficient way to get the critical mass to be competitive at the global level. Therefore, the Region has developed a long history of interregional cooperation with the other European Regions, particularly with the Four Motors for Europe (Baden Württemberg, Catalonia, Lombardy) since 1988 but also with some concrete cases like SILICON Europe in ICT and KETs with Saxony, East & South Netherlands or Flanders.


text:
Origins of the Police Jury
Louisiana is unique in the nation in that it has parishes which are governed in most cases by police juries. Parishes correspond to counties and police juries to county boards of commissioners or similar local governing bodies in other states.
Once Louisiana had counties. Shortly after the Louisiana territory was purchased by the United States, the newly created Legislative Council met in 1804 and divided the state into 12 counties. These were Orleans, German Coast, Acadia, LaFourche, Iberville, Pointe Coupee, Concordia, Atakapas, Opelousas, Rapides, Natchitoches and Ouachita.
These counties proved too large for satisfactory administration and in 1807, the state was divided into. 19 parishes based, for the most part, on the boundaries of the 21 ecclesiastical parishes established in 1762. Thus parish became the local government district.
Government of the 19 parishes was at first along lines established for the counties wherein county judges served as the chief governing officers. In 1807, the Legislative Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Orleans revised the parish form of government. A 12-member jury was created to serve with the parish judge and the justice of peace, both of the latter being appointive officials. This body was charged with responsibility for "execution of whatever concerns the interior and local police and for administration of the parish."
Another step was taken in 1810 when legislation created the office of sheriff for each parish and provided that he be paid from the "police assembly of the parish." An 1811 act made members of the police assembly elective and officially designated this body as a "police jury." Powers of the judges were reduced and justices of peace were made ex officio members. (In 1824, justices of peace were dropped from the police jury membership.) Two years later, in 1813, legislation provided for wards within parishes and for election of members from wards to serve on the police juries. (Members were to serve without compensation and to be subject to a fine for non-attendance.)
Parish judges continued to serve 'on police juries as ex officio presidents until 1830 when legislation excluded them from jury membership. Police juries were gradually given added powers over the next two decades and began to function much as they do today. The Louisiana Constitution of 1845 dropped all references to counties.
(Courtesy of Police Jury Association)
Copyright © 2013 Evangeline Parish Police Jury All rights reserved
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Mini-Figure Edition includes Star-Struck Emmet LEGO Minifigure along with the main game.
It is now up to Emmet, Lucy and a host of heroic characters to go beyond their world and save their friends from the strange inhabitants of the Systar System. Journey into outer space, discover new worlds, and test your Master Building skills.


It may be characterized as a paroxysmal sickness. In extreme conditions, it occurs ordinarily on one side of the head, connected with disorders of digestion, the liver and the vision. Patients who experience migraine are intelligent, sensitive and have a tendency to be perfectionist. In Migraine head and neck muscles get exhausted by extreme stress. These tight muscles press the route supply and reduce the blood stream, causing intense of pain.
Unreasonable admission of certain pills.
Pain starts from one side of head and emanates from the eye.
In some cases nausea, vomiting.
Migraine from Vata Imbalance:- Tension, sadness, dry skin, extreme pain and constipation.
Migraine from Pitta Imbalance: Blazing sensation, peevishness, outrage, light affectability and effect on eyes.
Migraine from Kapha Imbalance:- Dull headache, heaviness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, excess salivation respiratory disorders.
Avoid hot, spicy foods, sharp or citrus apple and oranges. Have a diet full of vegetable juices, fruit juices and grapes.
This condition generally results in a receding hair line. One can suffer hair problem at any age.
Boil 20-25 leaves of margosa in 4 cups of water. Cool and fitter the liquid and use this decoction to rinse your hair.
Take 14-20 curry leaves, 3tsp soap nut powder, 2tsp green gram, 2tbsp fenugreek seeds, 2tbsp green gram, 1lemon peel. Grind the whole mixture, keep it in glass bottle. This mixture should be used as shampoo.
Cut de-seed an Indian Gooseberry and blend it to pate. Squeeze the juice of paste. Add 3tbsp of lemon juice in the squeezed juice, apply this on scalp keep it for 30 minutes and wash it with normal water.
Mix Aloe Vera gel half cup, castor oil 2tsp, fenugreek powder 2tsp, basil powder 2tsp, apply this mixture on hair, keep it for 30 minutes and wash with normal water.
Massage your hair with coconut oil, as coconut oil contains, lauric acid, which has antibacterial properties, hence prevent scalp from infections.
Massage your hair with extra virgin olive oil, as it contains Vitamin and mono unsaturated fatty acid, which prevents hair loss and promote hair growth.
Massage hair with lavender oil, as it prevents hair loss and has properties antioxidants, antifungal and antiseptic.
Massage hair with geranium oil, it helps to make hair shinny smooth and strengthening the hair, it also help in regulating the secretion of sebum from sebaceous glands.
According to Ayurveda, allergies are caused due to imbalance of all three dosha: Vata, Pitta and Kapha.
Kapha Dosha: Kapha skin is greasy, thick, more tolerant to skin.
Herbs useful for skin ailments neem, giloy, manjistha, haridra.
Diet: Take healthy diet, take extra amount of water bitter substance to be taken regularly Avoid hot, spicy, fried food.
Lifestyle: Avoid excess sun rays, avoid heavy chemical based creams, have pollution free surrounding, cover your face while going in dusty places.
A specific form of arthritis which attacks vertebral and connecting bony and ligament structure is called spondylosis. It occurs frequently in cervical vertebrae. People above the age of 50 have some osteo arthritic changes, sometimes cause acute symptoms pressure while sleeping, injury, incorrect posture of body and excessive intake of sour food are main cause of disease.
According to ayurveda this condition is called ' Griva Sandhi Gata Vata'. Main symptoms are pain in back of neck and in some cases headache and sleeplessness.
Treatment: Gentle massage over the neck and shoulder joint. This massage can be given two times a day. 'Guggulu' is the best herbal medicine in this case. We use ' Simhanada Guggulu' in our patients and in combination with herbal therapies patients recovers much faster. Motion of patient should be clear, patient must avoid constipation. For therapies 'Mahanarayan oil', 'Pinda oil', Prasarini oil. These oils are used for therapy and ' Griva Vasti' sour things particularly curd, are strictly prohibited. Fried thing must be avoided; certain pulses are also avoided to lower the aggravated ' Vata Dosha'. Bitter variety of drumstick, neem flowers, and bitter guard is very useful. Patient must avoid rice, maida (flour) and suji(semolina ), these may increase chances of constipation and don't help the patient in recovery.
Back Pain: Pain in he lower, upper or middle back is called nack pain.
It is a common skin disorder; it affects the largest oil containing areas. The affected area becomes inflamed and infected.
It is due to aggravation of Pitta Dosha.
Excessive intake of tea, coffee, alcohol, spicy, oily and fried food.
Acne, pimples, boils, rashes on face, irritation, redness on face, it mostly occurs in teenagers.
Drink 10-15 glasses of water daily.
Eat balanced diet, eat food like carrot, pumpkin, yellow-orange fruits.


text:
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) refers to a condition in which the patient has an elevated temperature (fever) but, despite investigations by a physician, no explanation is found.

If the cause is found it is usually a diagnosis of exclusion, eliminating all possibilities until only the correct explanation remains.

Causes
Worldwide, infection is the leading cause of FUO with prevalence varying by country and geographic region. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is the most frequent cause of FUO.
Drug-induced hyperthermia, as the sole symptom of an adverse drug reaction, should always be considered. Disseminated granulomatoses such as tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis and sarcoidosis are associated with FUO. Lymphomas are the most common cause of FUO in adults. Thromboembolic disease (i.e. pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis) occasionally shows fever. Although infrequent, its potentially lethal consequences warrant evaluation of this cause. Endocarditis, although uncommon, is possible. Bartonella infections are also known to cause fever of unknown origin.

Human herpes viruses are a common cause of fever of unknown origin with one study showing Cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) being present in 15%, 10%, 14% and 4.8% respectively with 10% of people presenting with co-infection (infection with two or more human herpes viruses). Infectious mononucleosis, most commonly caused by EBV, may present as a fever of unknown origin. Other symptoms of infectious mononucleosis vary with age with middle aged adults and the elderly more likely to have a longer duration of fever and leukopenia, and younger adults and adolescents more likely to have splenomegaly, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy.

Endemic mycoses such as histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis can cause a fever of unknown origin in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent people. These endemic mycoses may also present with pulmonary symptoms or extra-pulmonary symptoms such as B symptoms (such as fevers, chills, night sweats, unexplained weight loss). The endemic mycotic infection talaromycosis primarily affects those who are immunocompromised. Invasive opportunistic mycoses may also occur in immunocompromised people; these include aspergillosis, mucormycosis, Cryptococcus neoformans.

Cancer can also cause fever of unknown origin. This is thought to be due to release of pyrogenic cytokines from cancer cells as well as due to spontaneous tumor necrosis (sometimes with secondary infections). The cancer types most associated with fever of unknown origin include renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, liver cancer, ovarian cancer atrial myxoma and Castleman disease.

In those with HIV currently being treated with antiretroviral therapy and with a low or undetectable viral load; causes of fever of unknown origin are usually not associated with HIV infection. But in those with AIDS, with high viral loads, viral replication and immune-compromise; cancers  and opportunistic infection are the most common cause of FUO. Approximately 2 weeks after initial HIV infection, with viral loads being high, an acute retroviral syndrome can present with fevers, rash and mono-like symptoms.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is a common cause of FUO when a previously suppressed immune system is re-activated. The newly active immune system often has an exaggerated response against opportunistic pathogens leading to a fever and other inflammatory symptoms. Immune reconstitution syndrome commonly presents as after microbiological control of infection (in cases of immune suppressing pathogens such as HIV) but the syndrome may also present after organ transplant, in the post-partum state, with formerly neutropenic hosts or withdrawing anti-TNF therapy.

Auto-inflammatory and auto-immune disorders account for approximately 5-32% of fevers of unknown origin. These can be classified as purely auto-inflammatory disorders (disorders of innate immunity, with dysregulated interleukin 1 beta and/or IL-18 responses), purely auto-immune disorders (in which the adaptive immunity is dysregulated, with a dysregulated type 1 interferon response) or disorders with mixed features. Rheumatoid arthritis or adult-onset Still's disease have mixed features and are common causes of FUO.

Infection

Neoplasm
Although most neoplasms can present with fever, malignant lymphoma is by far the most common diagnosis of FUO among the neoplasms. In some cases the fever even precedes lymphadenopathy detectable by physical examination.

Noninfectious inflammatory diseases

Miscellaneous conditions

 ADEM (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis)
 Adrenal insufficiency
 Aneurysm
 Anomalous thoracic duct
 Aortic dissection
 Aortic-enteral fistula
 Aseptic meningitis (Mollaret's syndrome)
 Atrial myxoma
 Brewer's yeast ingestion
 Caroli disease
 Cholesterol emboli
 Complex partial status epilepticus
 Cyclic neutropenia
 Drug fever
 Erdheim–Chester disease
 Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
 Factitious disease
 Fire-eater's lung
 Fraudulent fever
 Gaucher's disease
 Hamman–Rich syndrome (acute interstitial pneumonia)
 Hashimoto's encephalopathy
 Hematomas
 Hemoglobinopathies
 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
 Hypertriglyceridemia
 Hypothalamic hypopituitarism
 Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus
 Inflammatory pseudotumor
 Kikuchi's disease
 Linear IgA dermatosis
 Laennec's cirrhosis
 Mesenteric fibromatosis
 Metal fume fever
 Milk protein allergy
 Myotonic dystrophy
 Nonbacterial osteitis
 Organic dust toxic syndrome
 Panniculitis
 POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, skin changes)
 Polymer fume fever
 Post–cardiac injury syndrome
 Postmyocardial infarction syndrome
 Primary biliary cirrhosis
 Primary hyperparathyroidism
 Recurrent pulmonary emboli
 Pyoderma gangrenosum
 Retroperitoneal fibrosis
 Rosai-Dorfman disease
 Sclerosing mesenteritis
 Silicone embolization
 Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain's)
 Sweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis)
 Thrombosis
 Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU)
 Tissue infarction/necrosis
 Ulcerative colitis

Inherited and metabolic diseases

 Adrenal insufficiency
 Cyclic neutropenia
 Deafness, urticaria, and amyloidosis
 Fabry disease
 Familial cold urticaria
 Familial Mediterranean fever
 Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever
 Muckle–Wells syndrome
 Tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome (familial Hibernian fever)
 Type V Hypertriglyceridemia

Thermoregulatory disorders

Habitual hyperthermia
 Exaggerated circadian rhythm

Other
 "Afebrile" FUO [<38.3 °C (100.9 °F)]

Diagnosis
A comprehensive and meticulous history (i.e. illness of family members, recent visit to the tropics, medication), repeated physical examination (i.e. skin rash, eschar, lymphadenopathy, heart murmur) and myriad laboratory tests (serological, blood culture, immunological) are the cornerstone of finding the cause.

Other investigations may be needed. Ultrasound may show cholelithiasis, echocardiography may be needed in suspected endocarditis and a CT-scan may show infection or malignancy of internal organs. Another technique is Gallium-67 scanning which seems to visualize chronic infections more effectively. Invasive techniques (biopsy and laparotomy for pathological and bacteriological examination) may be required before a definite diagnosis is possible.

Positron emission tomography using radioactively labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been reported to have a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 86% for localizing the source of fever of unknown origin.

Despite all this, diagnosis may only be suggested by the therapy chosen. When a patient recovers after discontinuing medication it likely was drug fever, when antibiotics or antimycotics work it probably was infection. Empirical therapeutic trials should be used in those patients in which other techniques have failed.

Definition
There is no universal agreement with regards to time criteria or other diagnostic criteria to diagnose a fever of unknown origin and various definitions have been used.

In 1961 Petersdorf and Beeson suggested the following criteria:
 Fever higher than 38.3 °C (101 °F) on several occasions
 Persisting without diagnosis for at least 3 weeks
 At least 1 week's investigation in hospital

A new definition which includes the outpatient setting (which reflects current medical practice) is broader, stipulating:
 3 outpatient visits or
 3 days in the hospital without elucidation of a cause or
 1 week of "intelligent and invasive" ambulatory investigation.

Presently FUO cases are codified in four subclasses.

Classic
This refers to the original classification by Petersdorf and Beeson. Studies show there are five categories of conditions:
 infections (e.g.  abscesses, endocarditis, tuberculosis, and complicated urinary tract infections),
 neoplasms (e.g. lymphomas, leukaemias),
 connective tissue diseases (e.g. temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, Still's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis),
 miscellaneous disorders (e.g.  alcoholic hepatitis, granulomatous conditions), and
 undiagnosed conditions.

Nosocomial
Nosocomial FUO refers to pyrexia in patients that have been admitted to hospital for at least 24 hours. This is commonly related to hospital-associated factors such as surgery, use of a urinary catheter, intravascular devices (i.e. "drip", pulmonary artery catheter), drugs (antibiotic-induced Clostridium difficile colitis, drug fever), and/or immobilization (decubitus ulcers). Sinusitis in the intensive care unit is associated with nasogastric and orotracheal tubes. Other conditions that should be considered are deep-vein thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism, transfusion reactions, acalculous cholecystitis, thyroiditis, alcohol/drug withdrawal, adrenal insufficiency, and pancreatitis.

Immune-deficient
Immunodeficiency can be seen in patients receiving chemotherapy or in hematologic malignancies. Fever is concomitant with neutropenia (neutrophil <500/uL) or impaired cell-mediated immunity. The lack of immune response masks a potentially dangerous course. Infection is the most common cause.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated

HIV-infected patients are a subgroup of the immunodeficient FUO, and frequently have fever. The primary phase shows fever since it has a mononucleosis-like illness. In advanced stages of infection fever mostly is the result of a superimposed infections.

Treatment
Unless the patient is acutely ill, no therapy should be started before the cause has been found. This is because non-specific therapy is rarely effective and may delay the diagnosis. An exception is made for neutropenic (low white blood cell count) patients or patients who are severely immunocompromised in which delay could lead to serious complications. After blood cultures are taken this condition is aggressively treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Antibiotics are adjusted according to the results of the cultures taken.

HIV-infected people with pyrexia and hypoxia will be started on medication for possible Pneumocystis jirovecii infection. Therapy is adjusted after a diagnosis is made.

Prognosis
Since there is a wide range of conditions associated with FUO, prognosis depends on the particular cause. If after six to twelve months no diagnosis is found, the chances of ever finding a specific cause diminish. Under those circumstances, the prognosis is good.

References

External links

Infectious diseases
Fever
Ailments of unknown cause

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Video: Fan Tries To Clown Rapper Yung Joc As He Drives For Ridesharing App
Submitted by Take Out on Mon, 01/13/2020 - 16:28
Rapper and Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta star Yung Joc was reportedly spotted as the driver of a ride-sharing app, and now he's seemingly confirmed it. On his Instagram story, Joc shared a number of reactions to posts that showed him driving what looked like a customer around. Some people took issue with his new side career, while others praised him.
"You sound like somebody I know," said someone who was on their Instagram Live stream while Joc was driving them. The person who recorded the video didn't hold back their opinions, but Joc kept a level-headed during the exchange. "I just felt like it was an easy way to get some easy money downtown, I meet people," he replied.
Joc didn't specify whether this was some sort of marketing campaign or if this is a hobby of his, but he's been a part of the main cast of Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta since Season 8. The app only launched recently, which has obviously made people think it could be the former rather than the latter.
TSR Staff: Thembi! @ThembiTV_ _____________________________________ #TSRExclusiveDetails: A video of #YungJoc driving for a ride share app similar to #Uber and #Lyft is circulating online and we have obtained unreleased clips of the full video. _____________________________________ In the video which took place on Thursday morning in Atlanta, you can hear the passengers telling the driver that he looked and sounded familiar, and that's because the driver was #YungJoc. One of the passengers, J'Koni, goes on to ask #Joc why he's driving for the app #pugorides, and proceeds to tell him that he "fell off". _____________________________________ Joc responds by saying that it's an easy way to get some easy money, adding that he gets to meet a lot of people from doing so too. _____________________________________ The passenger, J'Koni, exclusively tells us this about his "fell off" comment to Joc: "He actually didn't react how I thought he would he just basically was telling me thats my problem if I feel he fell off for having multiple streams of income." _____________________________________ We're definitely here for any black man doing what he needs to do to continue making money. 🎥: @iamjkonired
A post shared by The Shade Room (@theshaderoom) on Jan 12, 2020 at 8:22pm PST
Anybody need a ride to @boogalouatl today for #alluresundays🍾 ???? I know they gonna hate but somebody wanna get wasted and get to their next destination safe & sound. Download the app and I just might #pullupngo @pugorides
A post shared by Yung Joc (@joclive) on Jan 12, 2020 at 10:38am PST
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This entry was posted in Drama, Mainland China and tagged The Advisors Alliance, Wu Xiubo by idarklight. Bookmark the permalink.
When Cao Cao first died, I thought, "oh boy, the drama is going down hill from." But it didn't. It's just as good but in a different kind of way. Even the so-call "love triangle" was alright because I liked "the other woman" even thought I love YC to the end of the world. But you are right, this drama is not about romance. It is really about how Sima Yi plot his way to taking over the world.
Whoa, just had to comment on how good the detail looks. Even down to the makeup on old Sima Yi – the liver spots on his face look so legit!


text:
Photos By Trask Bedortha
Local Chicks
Farm-to-table for healthy meat
Culture by Ephraim PaynePosted on 08/16/2012
Clad in a worn tan Carhartt jacket and rubber boots as insurance against the rain threatened by a slate-gray, wind-wiped spring afternoon, Derek Brandow is in his element — multiple elements, really. Today, the former elementary school teacher's classroom is a field of knee-high grass, his young student a potential customer for the community-supported agriculture (CSA) subscriptions that Our Family Farm, his poultry operation, is selling. After raising backyard laying hens for two years and learning about the horrors of factory-scale poultry farms, that customer-to-be, a precocious preteen girl, is determined not to eat chicken unless she can inspect the farm herself and see that the flock is raised under humane conditions and allowed to express their avian nature, their very chicken-ness.
That makes her the perfect customer for Brandow, a part-time poultry grower and local standard-bearer for the farm-to-table movement. A bearded, genial bear of a man, with an ever-present grin crinkling his hazel eyes, Brandow squats beside the slim, bleached blond pre-teen next to a mobile pen, getting on her level and addressing her questions and concerns directly and seriously. He shows no hint of the abruptness or condescension that could be expected of a busy farmer pestered by the questions of a child prying into his world. He explains how he pasture-raises his birds, moving their protective pens about the field daily so that they have fresh grass to crop and bugs to scratch for and how he supplements their diet with locally processed chicken feeds. He gently catches a white-feathered, red-wattled pullet from the flock, bunched close together for warmth and companionship on this blustery day, in order to give the young lady he is clearly charming an up-close introduction.
Later, he'll blog triumphantly about winning her "seal of approval." That's how Brandow likes to work, building his customer base and growing the farm-to-table movement through face-to-face interactions, by sharing stories and by building a community of like-minded people dedicated to good food, responsible animal husbandry and stewardship of the land. The farm-to-table movement (or field-to-plate as it is alternatively called) is one face of the slow food movement: the push for sustainable agriculture, regional and seasonal-based diets and support for smaller farmers in the face of an increasingly mechanized, globalized, corporatized, chemically dependant agricultural system. A handful of dominant corporations control more than 80 percent of the beef industry; more than 60 percent of pork production and over half of the poultry are grown nationally, squeezing small to mid-sized farmers out of local markets. To counter this trend, advocates of the farm-to-table movement strive to produce two things: food grown in the healthiest, most sustainable way possible and a customer base aware of the linkage between farmers, farm communities, time-honored food production practices and the way our food affects our health and our culture. A key part of countering the trend is coming to the Willamette Valley: mobile slaughter.
Portrait of a modern farmer
In his mud-caked rubber boots, jeans and camouflage baseball cap, Brandow, 38, certainly looks like a born farmer. The full-time manager of a local outlet for telephone giant AT&T, he spends much more of his time in an immaculately pressed suit and tie. Brandow follows a state trend: While the average farmer is in his mid-sixties and on the verge of retirement, those newly joining the profession tend to be in their middle years with outside jobs.
A native of Portland, Brandow received an undergraduate degree from the University of Oregon, where he planted a huge garden in the off-campus house he shared with friends, growing "so many tomatoes I didn't know what to do with them," he says. After earning a master's in education from Pacific University, Brandow taught first grade in Springfield before spending two years in New York City, where he taught fourth graders in Harlem and business courses for the fashion house Estée Lauder.
Brandow checking in on chicks in the brooder
Pullets inside the Salatin-inspired chicken tractor
Brandow prepares to cut the arteries of his locally raised chickens before they are processed in the MPPU
Poultry moving through the Mobile Poultry Processing Unit
Returning to the Willamette Valley, Brandow read environmental journalist and food activist-cum-philosopher Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma, a polemic on America's abysmal dietary habits. Inspired by Pollan's quest to discover a balanced, sustainable, place-based dietary ethic, Brandow began to immerse himself in the literature of sustainable agriculture. From Pollan, Brandow learned of Joel Salatin, the Virginia-based farmer/iconoclast well known in farm-to-table circles for his strident defense of small, pasture-based meat production.
According to Salatin's theories, sustainable farming starts with caring for the soil, which Salatin accomplishes by mimicking nature. Wild birds flock behind grazing herds to pick through manure, feasting on nutrient-rich grubs and insects while spreading the natural fertilizer that grows the grass so high. Instead of raising fryers in massive warehouses and sending young steers to be force-fed in confined feeding operations, Salatin and his followers practice a careful rotation on their pastures, moving cattle, sheep or other grazers from plot to plot, with their chickens bringing up the rear in mobile pens to massage the waiting manure into the soil beneath their scratching feet.
In 2010, Brandow volunteered at Afton Field Farm — learning how to raise and butcher fowl from Tyler Jones, who interned at Salatin's Polyface Farm, and how a good processing facility is set up. Brandow says it felt good to be part of a holistic process, working with good people and creating healthy, appetizing food. Always aware of the ultimate sacrifice farmers ask of their flocks, Brandow says he took time each butcher day, almost ritualistically, to thank the birds for sustenance they would soon provide for people. At the same time, he started Our Family Farm on rented pastureland, growing 400 birds that friends and family members eagerly snapped up.
Encouraged by his early success, Brandow built more mobile cages and raised more than 3,500 birds in 2011. His customer base grew to include local restaurants, such as Holy Cow, Nib, Belly and Marché, as well as Long's Meat Market and Capella Market. Firmly entrenched in the local cuisine scene, Brandow has turned his efforts towards building a direct customer base via a 300-strong email list, a blog and a Facebook page. "It seems like everyone wants to hear what's going on," he says. "Restaurants are our bread and butter now. But we want to get our birds into people's homes directly." Our Family Farm's CSA has grown from a single subscriber in 2011 to seven this year and sells fryers to another 30 customers regularly.
Farm-to-table philosophy
A later afternoon sun beats down on a creamy yellow house in north Eugene. Brandow sits in the shade of his covered porch with his wife Amanda, his 15-month-old daughter Addison squirming in his lap. It's pick-up day for Our Family Farm's CSA customers and time for some community building. As people show up, the Brandows chat with them, catching up with customers who are or are becoming friends. Sharing the farm's latest developments and the sustainable eating topic du jour, they learn, in turn, about those they feed. Brandow says the most fun part of his job is being able to connect with people on a regular basis around food, getting to know them and hearing their stories. He might talk to a customer for 10 minutes at pick-up time. "One of the things we love to do is share what we're doing in a way that inspires other people," he says, echoing a basic tenant of the farm-to-table movement. "My wife and I are all about a community of smart eaters."
Brandow says Our Family Farm operates with three guiding principles. The first is careful stewardship to heal the land, much of which in the Willamette Valley is affected by pesticides and other damages of conventional agriculture. "But, other side of coin, there is so much available here," he says. "People don't realize the bounty." This leads to the second principle: to raise some of the best food in the valley. Our Family Farm intends to expand beyond the chickens and turkeys it now raises and introduce cows, sheep or other grazing animals to its fields, fully utilizing a Salatinesque pasturing technique to satisfy local demand for sustainably produced meat. Brandow's final and overriding goal is to contribute to a growing community of people making sustainable food choices, through his own farming, by supporting other small farmers through his family's own purchasing power and by outreach.
"I think he definitely seems committed to the movement for slow and local food," says Bill Bezuk of Eugene Backyard Farmer, a vocal proponent of urban homesteading and local sustainable food production. Bezuk and Brandow have been discussing the possibility of holding chicken butchering demonstrations for urban homesteaders with unwanted roosters or non-productive laying hens. The process can be intimidating to the uninitiated, Bezuk says, and a demonstration could provide customers with the confidence and empowerment to process their own birds if they choose.
The pinnacle of Brandow's outreach happens each butcher day. A volunteer work crew of about a dozen people assembles to harvest the birds many will soon eat. "It's a collection of customers, friends and people who are interested in good food and the process," Brandow says. The crew consists of friends, family members and, perhaps most importantly, Brandow's customers putting farm-to-table philosophy in action: informed consumers taking an active part in making the food they will eat. Also part of the crew are a contingent from the Junction City Gleaners — gleaners gather food from fields and orchards that otherwise would go to waste.
"We've just been realizing in the last few years how important your diet is," says gleaner Cindy Clark of Cheshire, who adds that she was horrified by factory farming conditions and practices she learned about from documentaries that show how thousands of haggard, debeaked chickens are crammed into rows of small cages in massive warehouses, never exposed to sunlight and open air. "You certainly wouldn't want to go back to commercial chickens after this. The comparison is dramatic."
Mobile chicken slaughter
A gleaming white fifth-wheel trailer sits in a 40-acre field off of Highway 36 near Junction City that Our Family Farm shared with another part time farmer during its first two years of chicken raising. Brandow is jazzed about this trailer, visibly excited. The 8-by-33-foot trailer represents an Oregon agricultural milestone and the fruition of years' worth of planning and hard work. The trailer, which will be Oregon's first licensed mobile poultry processing unit (MPPU) after passing final inspection later this month, is designed to make the process of turning live poultry into kitchen-ready meat with as little stress and trauma for the birds and work crews alike. Instead of being crated up and trucked more than 30 miles to the closest brick-and-mortar processing plant, the fowl can rest calmly in their pens until almost the last minute before workers stage them next to the butchering floor.
Inside, two rows of gleaming, stainless steel tables face each other under banks of florescent lights, so that Brandow's volunteer crews will be able to socialize while working, sharing recipes, family gossip and rocking out to music blaring from a portable stereo system. The atmosphere will be the polar opposite of the notoriously hazardous conditions of industrial packing plants, where processing speeds are kept so high that repetitive stress injuries and accidents are commonplace.
As YES! Magazine notes, the consolidation of the meat industry has led to the closing of many small meat processing plants, "leaving mom-and-pop livestock farmers with few if any options for turning their animals into legal-to-sell meat." Mobile processing units like Brandow's may be the solution. According to ODA Food Program Manager Jim Postlewait, once the facility is licensed each farm that uses it can process up to 20,000 birds a year under the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) exemptions and state regulations.
Lauren Gwin, co-coordinator of the Niche Meat Processor Assistance Network, says that the new mobile unit is one of only a handful of such facilities nationwide. "Overall, I'd be surprised if there were 20," she says. "There are probably a dozen."
Farmers raising 1,000 birds or fewer can process their fowl in open-air abattoirs but can only sell their fryers on the farm. Under USDA and state regulations, those growing up to 20,000 fowl a year can build a state-licensed brick-and-mortar facility or transport their birds to such a facility. But a facility that meets Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) standards is a big investment. With no commercial poultry processing facilities in the southern Willamette Valley, local farmers who want to grow more than 1,000 birds or sell off-premises have to budget the time and money to travel to one of the 15 facilities elsewhere in Oregon.
In 2010 Brandow began discussing the benefits of a mobile processing unit with Rachel Prickett of Provenance Farm in Philomath. After broaching the idea with the ODA, Brandow recruited Brian Schack of the Schack Farm in Junction City, who had the skills to construct a mobile processing unit and a trailer bed on which to build the unit. Working closely with the ODA, the three took their time to design a compact, highly functional MPPU. "It's taken about a year and a half to go from the thought process to a rig driving down the road," Schack says.
"They didn't chintz on things," Postlewait says, adding that while various people have discussed constructing a MPPU for about a decade, the Willamette Valley partners are first to build one. "They've got a lot of money in it; they've spent a lot of time."
After gaining experience in running the MPPU and determining operational and transportation costs, the three partners plan to make the unit available to other small farmers. Postlewait says the plan may benefit small producers because it would be more economical to rent the MPPU than build an expensive facility to process a few hundred to a few thousand birds a year, while using the licensed mobile unit would allow farmers currently limited to on-premise sales by the 1,000-bird exemption to sell at farmers markets.
But success is not assured. Gwin points out that in addition to arranging logistical issues such as scheduling and crews to run the unit, the partners will have to calculate a rental fee that will recoup their investment while remaining low enough to attract poultry farmers working with slim profit margins. She says that it is common for the perceived demand for processing plants to be higher than the actual demand once a unit is built. "They have the potential to support farmers, but the farmers have to support them," Gwin says.
In the growing darkness of a late summer afternoon, Brandow is busily feeding chicks and remolding the new brooding pens in an old barn on a grassy 38-acre plot on the outskirts of Thurston. Brandow's Our Family Farm has just taken up residence here alongside Jeremy Sherer's fledgling Havarah Farm. Before buying this property, Sherer's sum total experience with farming was sharing a single-acre garden and orchard in town. He talks excitedly about his plan to graze cattle and other livestock on lush grass watered by a meandering tributary of the McKenzie River, taking full advantage of Brandow's experience with pasturing animals in the Salatin model. "We believe in a lot of the same things about farming and our food," Sherer says, adding that "havarah" is Hebrew for fellowship. "Not just making food, but inviting community participation."
Helping novice farmers get their hands dirty is just another side of Brandow's commitment to the farm-to-table movement. In addition to building Our Family Farm's customer base through his CSA program, Brandow provides the kind of help and mentorship he once received to other small-scale farmers. Trace Thaxton, who works at PeaceHealth, was pasturing horses on 80 acres in Marcola with his partner, Marie Connolly, when they met Brandow, who convinced them that the property was perfect for raising chickens. "He recruited us," says Thaxton, who comes from a family farming background. "He turned us on to Joel Salatin. Pretty much the whole operation is a carbon copy of what Salatin is doing."
After reading Salatin's books, Thaxton learned firsthand about the infrastructure and processes necessary to raise food sustainably from Brandow, who provided Thaxton's new Whiskey Creek Farm with its first batch of chicks. Right now the operation is a hobby farm, Thaxton says. "If we get profitable we'll take it more seriously. Right now we're trying to make good-quality food we want to eat," he says. "I don't think we'd be doing what we're doing if Derek hadn't convinced us that this facility would make it easier."
"He's got the gift of gab and really believes in his product," says Eugene Country Club Executive Chef Lee Jennings, who now tends his own small flock of pastured hens for personal consumption. "He inspired me to raise them myself. I don't think I will buy another store-bought bird if I can help it."
Though Brandow's product commands a premium compared to factory farm fryers, Jennings raves about the Our Family Farm chickens he reserves for special menus and lunch and dinner specials. The grass-based diet of the pampered birds, Jennings says, gives them an exceptional texture and flavor. "It's one of those things you got to taste for yourself," he says.
For more on Our Family Farm, its CSA and its chickens go to ourfamilyfarm.wordpress.com and you can follow Derek Brandow on Twitter at http://twitter.com/rfamilyfarm
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text:
Suspect in Riverview murder confesses, says stemmed from old grievance
Snippet of the crime scene taken from 'Guyanese Critic' Facebook Live
The 32-year-old man stabbed to death on Friday during an argument has been identified as Mark Frank.
The News Room understands that the suspect, an 18-year-old, and Frank had an old grievance. The suspect was arrested and reportedly confessed to the crime.
The incident occurred at about 07:05hrs at Riverview, Ruimveldt, Georgetown.
According to reports, Frank was riding his bicycle when he was confronted by the suspect, who reportedly told him [Frank] that he had not forgotten when Frank chopped him.
As Frank ignored the suspect and continued to ride, the suspect took out a knife and slashed the man's throat.
The suspect escaped on foot and was later arrested. The suspect reportedly told investigators that he and Frank had a misunderstanding last year. The suspect said he was chopped by Frank, but he never reported the matter.
He further claimed that on Friday, Frank approached him and thought he was going to attack him again, and so he stabbed him.
$13.6M contract signed for new community centre in North Sophia
Urologist says screening for prostate cancer should start at 40 years old


It is with a heavy heart that I share the passing of my best friend from NY. Some of you know Leslie over the years from his many visits to our summer CAF events. He has been my best friend since kindergarten. As a fellow passionate audiophile Leslie showcased his DIY version of the Audience ClairAudient 4+4 speakers in our DCAudioDIY room at the 2013 CAF. He was always helpful in helping us transport and move audio equipment when I used to rent a trailer. Leslie was a fun person with a good heart and I will miss him terribly.
Paul, you have my most sincere condolences on the passing of your friend, Leslie. Losing a best friend is one of the hardest thing in the world to endure.
As far as I'm concerned, Leslie was a full-fledged member of DCAudioDIY. He was a great guy. The world is diminished in his passing.
He somehow made those gear-hauling runs fun. Definitely a member in good standing.
Very sorry for your loss, Paul.
I only had the pleasure of meeting him a few times. What a great guy, helpful and a true gentleman.
Very sorry to hear of his passing. RIP Leslie.
Very sad news. I'm sorry to hear of his passing and the loss of a good friend.
My condolences. That's a very dear friend indeed, for all those years!
My sympathies to you for Leslie's passing, I know there is a big hole inside you that can never be filled, except for the memories of a life well spent together in your closest friendship. I am so glad that you shared Leslie with all of us on so many occasions, and was lucky enough to become a friend of his as well.
I had the great fortune of first meeting Leslie at a NYC Stereophile show back in the early 2000's. Paul and I traveled up together, and met up with Leslie at the show. To say we had a great time was an understatement. Leslie had an unbridled and infectious enthusiasm about audio, and was particularly drawn to upstart manufacturers/designers with a bright new idea or product that set them apart from the mainstream. He was a tweeker and DIYer at heart, always looking for a way to get the best sound out of his equipment, and had a great appreciation for one-of-a-kind products, like his JC Morrison 211 SET amplifier. Leslie and I talked endless hours on the phone after our first meeting about audio tweeks, tubes, and advice.
I have fond memories of Leslie's visits to DC, both at CAF and also at my house both during DCAudioDIY meetings and afterwards, when Paul, Leslie, and I would listen late into the evening, all the while chatting about audio, music, and life. The story of how Paul and Leslie as kids would look out after "Pops"...the elderly Louie Armstrong, who lived in the neighborhood that Paul and Leslie grew up in, was a precious personal connection back to one of America's great musicians. He was an great lover of animals, talking about the cats he rescued and cared for ("Half-Pint"). He also was so proud of his and his daughter's connection to Native Americans heritage, and talked about the "Pow-Wows" they attended.
I am so very thankful that Paul shared his wonderful friend with me, and am so sorry about his passing.


text:
Rolling Record Store makes Montgomery stop
Matt Okarmus
A little bit of Nashville came to Montgomery as the Rolling Record Store from Third Man Records made its way to the Capital City.
Parking in front of The Record Stop, a local store that specializes in the vinyl format of music, the yellow truck known as the Rolling Record Store served a seemingly never-ending line of customers who showed up to get some exclusive items such as branded merchandise and limited edition vinyl.
Third Man Records is the label from Jack White, a former member of The White Stripes and current solo artist. The Third Man Record Store is located in Nashville and is a simultaneous store and studio and sometimes event center.
Two Third Man representatives were on hand Wednesday, chatting with customers about the eclectic selection. A limited edition tri-color record of the Jack White single "I'm Shakin'" was one of the first to sell out.
David Spearman was the first in line, arriving at 10 a.m. - five hours before the Rolling Record Store opened - to secure his spot. A self-professed "huge Jack White fan" he was one of the few to come away with the "I'm Shakin'" single.
"I have never been to a Rolling Record Store and I always wanted to see it in person," Spearman said.
He made the drive from Birmingham to do so and said he would stop at The Record Stop during any future travels.
Cory Harris, manager of the local record store, said Third Man contacted him about doing a Montgomery stop after a callout on social media for potential stops on their current bus tour. A goal of the event was to get customers to the store and by Wednesday afternoon Harris said that mission was successful.
"There's a lot of people who've been in the store checking it out, a lot of people who've never been here," Harris said, adding that some came from Florida.
Harris said the turnout and the fact that a representative from Third Man Records was in town was "fantastic."
"A few years ago I would have never thought about something like this happening," Harris said.


>> # Create a (secure) tmp directory for tmp files.
>> prior to the mkdir.
are that bothered by seeing it present in a dash script.
> we should use the same non-mktemp code everywhere.
use mktemp where it exists.
> and recreate every time).


text:
Q: Remove PdfImageOject from a PDF I have 1000th of PDF generated from emails containing .png (I am not owner of the generator). For some reasons, those PDF are very very slow to render with the Imaging system I am using (I am not the developer of that system and may not change it).
If I use iTextSharp and implement a IRenderListener to count the Images to be rendered, there are thousands per page (99% being 1 or 2 pixels only). But if I count the Images in the resources of the PDF, there are only a few (~tens).
I am counting the images in the resources, per page, with the code here after
var dict = pdfReader.GetPageN(currentPage)
PdfDictionary res = (PdfDictionary)PdfReader.GetPdfObject(dict.Get(PdfName.RESOURCES));
PdfDictionary xobj = (PdfDictionary)PdfReader.GetPdfObject(res.Get(PdfName.XOBJECT));

if (xobj != null)
{
 foreach (PdfName name in xobj.Keys)
 {
   PdfObject obj = xobj.Get(name);
   if ((obj.IsIndirect()))
   {
     PdfDictionary tg = (PdfDictionary)PdfReader.GetPdfObject(obj);
     PdfName subtype = (PdfName)PdfReader.GetPdfObject(tg.Get(PdfName.SUBTYPE));
     if (PdfName.IMAGE.Equals(subtype))
     {
       Count++

And my IRenderListener looks like this:
class ImageRenderListener : IRenderListener
{
    public void RenderImage(iTextSharp.text.pdf.parser.ImageRenderInfo renderInfo)
    {
        PdfImageObject image = renderInfo.GetImage();
        if (image == null) return;
        var refObj = renderInfo.GetRef();
        if (refObj == null)
            Count++; // but why no ref ??
        else
            Count++;
    }

I just started to learn about PDF specification and iTextSharp this evening, to analyze my PDF and understand what could be wrong... if I am correct, I see that many images to be rendered that are not referencing a resource (refObj == null) and that they are .png (image.streamContentType.FileExtension = "png"). So, I think those are the images making the rendering so slow...
For testing purpose, I would like to delete those images from the PDF but don't find how to proceed.
I only found code samples to remove image that are in the resources... but the images I want to delete are not :/
Is there any code sample somewhere to help me ? I did google on "iTextSharp remove object", etc... but there was nothing similar to my case :(

A: Let me start with the blunt observation that you have a shitty PDF.
The image you see when opening the PDF in a PDF viewer seems to be composed of several small 1- or 2-pixel images. The drawing operations to show these pixels one by one is suboptimal, no matter which imaging system you use: you are faced with a bad PDF.
In your first snippet, I see that you loop over all of the indirect objects stored in the the XObject resources of each page in search of images. You count these images, resulting in a number of Image XObjects stored in the PDF. If you add up all the Count values for all the pages, this number can be higher than the actual number of Image XObject stored in the PDF as you don't take into account that some images can be reused on different pages.
You do not count the inline images that are stored in the content streams. I'm biased. In the ISO committees for PDF, I'm on the side of the group of people saying that "inline images are evil" and "inline images should die". For now, we didn't succeed in getting rid of inline images, but we introduced some substantial limitations that should reduce the (ab)use of inline images in PDF that conform to ISO-32000-2 (the PDF 2.0 spec that is due in 2016).
You've already discovered that your PDF has inline images. Those are the images where refObj == null. They are not stored as indirect objects; they are stored inline, in the content stream of the page. As you can imagine based on my feelings towards inline images, I consider your PDF being a bad PDF for this reason (although it does conform to ISO-32000-1).

*

*The presence of inline images is a first explanation why you have a different image count: when you loop over the indirect objects you only find part of the images. When you parse the document for images, you also find the inline images.

*A second explanation could be the fact that the Image XObject are used more than once. That's the whole point of not using inline images. For instance: if you have an image that represents a logo that needs to be repeated on every page, one could use inline images. That would be a bad idea: the same image bytes would be present in the PDF as many times as there are pages. One should use an Image XObject. In this case, the image bytes of the logo are stored only once in an indirect object. There's a reference to this object from every page, so that the image bytes are stored in the document only once. In a 10-page document, you can see 10 identical images on 10 pages, but when looking inside the document, you'll find only one image that is referenced from every page.

If you remove Image XObjects by removing the indirect objects containing the image stream objects, you have to be very careful: are you sure you're not corrupting your document? Because there's a reference to the Image XObject in the content stream of your page. This reference points to an entry in the /XObjects entry of the page's /Resources. This /XObject references to the stream object with the image bytes. If you remove that indirect object without removing the references (e.g. from the content stream), you break your PDF. Some viewers will ignore those errors, but at some point in time some tool (or some body) is going to complain that your PDF is corrupt.
If you want to remove inline images, you have to parse all the content streams in your PDF: page content streams as well as Form XObject content streams. You have to rewrite all these streams and make sure all inline images are removed. That is: all objects that that start with the BI operator (Begin Image) and end with the EI operator (End Image).
That's a task for a PDF specialist who knows both iTextSharp and ISO-32000-1 inside-out. The solution to your problem probably doesn't fit into an answering window on StackOverflow.
I'm the original author of iText. From a certain point of view, iText is like a sharp knife. A sharp knife is a very good tool that can be used for many good things. However, you can also seriously cut your fingers when you're not using the knife in a correct way. I hope you'll be careful and that you're not going to create a whole series of damaged PDF files.
For instance: you assume that some of the files in the PDF are PNGs because iText suggests to store them as PNGs. However: PNG is not supported by ISO-32000-1, so your assumption that your PDF contains PNGs is wrong. I honestly worry when I see questions like yours.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I provide pet care in your own home. I have extensive history of caring for animals during short and long periods of time. Most common care is performed when families go away where I also house sit. I come with great references and 10+ years of experience. I love animals of all sizes and ages.


You are now ready to draw a floor plan accurate to scale. It is very useful to have graph paper to do this.
Always use pencil to lightly pencil in the room's areas. Be sure to include any irregularities such as columns or other protrusions.
Note the room's directional orientation i.e. north, south, east or west.
Draw in windows, walls and fireplaces.
Note the location of light switches and electric outlets and phones jacks. This may influence where you locate specific pieces of furniture.
Draw each walls elevation and be sure to include fireplaces, phone jacks and other permanent fixtures such as air and heat vents.
Make several copies to use and keep the master copy. You can bring copies with you as you shop for paint, floor coverings and window treatments. Before making any purchases on the floor covering and window treatments you will need the exact measurements as these re non refundable items. Most stores will have professionals who will visit your home to do this.


text:
Lasker versus Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889
The chess game between Emanuel Lasker and Johann Bauer played in Amsterdam in 1889 is one of the most famous on account of Lasker's sacrifice of both bishops to eliminate the pawn cover around his opponent's king, winning material and the game.
The same sacrificial pattern was echoed in a number of later games, notably Nimzowitsch-Tarrasch, St Petersburg 1914; Miles-Browne, Lucerne 1982; and Polgar-Karpov, Seventh Essent 2003.
The game against Bauer was played at the beginning of Lasker's career in the first round of the 1889 Amsterdam tournament, Lasker's first high-level closed event. Lasker finished second with a 6/8 score, a point behind the winner Amos Burn, and ahead of James Mason and Isidor Gunsberg, among others. Bauer finished sixth of the nine participants with a score of 3½/8.
It is interesting that a similar sacrifice occurred earlier in Burn-Owen, 1884, but in this case the sacrifice by John Owen was not correct and he lost the game. Nevertheless it may have been an inspiration for Lasker.
White: Emanuel Lasker Black: Johann Bauer Opening: Bird's Opening (ECO A03)
a b c d e f g h
Position after 14...Nxh5
1. f4 d5 2. e3 Nf6 3. b3 e6 4. Bb2 Be7 5. Bd3 b6 6. Nc3 Bb7 7. Nf3 Nbd7 8. 0-0 0-0 9. Ne2 c5 10. Ng3 Qc7 11. Ne5 Nxe5 12. Bxe5 Qc6 13.Qe2 a6?? 14. Nh5 Nxh5 (see diagram)
13...a6 is a fatal error. 13...g6 would give Black solid equality. Instead, this blunder hands Lasker his double-bishop sacrifice, which eventually wins material and the game by force.
15. Bxh7+ Kxh7 16. Qxh5+ Kg8 17. Bxg7 Kxg7
Refusing the second bishop does not save Black: 17...f5 loses to 18.Be5 Rf6 19.Rf3 with Rg3 to follow, and 17...f6 loses to 18.Bh6.
18. Qg4+ Kh7 19. Rf3
Black must give up his queen to avoid mate.
19... e5 20. Rh3+ Qh6 21. Rxh6+ Kxh6 22. Qd7
Were it not for this move, forking the two bishops, Black would have adequate compensation for his queen, but now Lasker has a decisive material advantage. Now Lasker converts this advantage into the win.
22... Bf6 23. Qxb7 Kg7 24. Rf1 Rab8 25. Qd7 Rfd8 26. Qg4+ Kf8 27. fxe5 Bg7 28. e6 Rb7 29. Qg6 f6 30. Rxf6+ Bxf6 31. Qxf6+ Ke8 32. Qh8+ Ke7 33. Qg7+ Kxe6 34. Qxb7 Rd6 35. Qxa6 d4 36. exd4 cxd4 37. h4 d3 38. Qxd3 1-0
Black resigned (Hooper & Whyld 1992) (under "Bauer").
List of chess games


I am hopefully going to have a trip down to Weston for this exhibition. Putting feelers out to see if anyone interested in visiting it too.
I could make it a meet if enough interest or if you're local and just fancy a visit plus maybe a meal after.
My prefered weekend would be the 27th September.
Dismaland® boasts three large galleries which together comprise the finest collection of contemporary art ever assembled in a North Somerset seaside town.
Jimmy Cauty's hand crafted miniature world will delight and amaze (and potentially cause seizures in persons sensitive to strobe lighting).
Step inside the fairytale and see how it feels to be a real princess. Souvenir photos available.
Features a bus-mounted museum, library, gallery of guerilla art, Comrades Advice Bureau and workshops in how to hack billboards.
has constructed a stallion entirely from used scaffolding.
An armour plated riot control vehicle built to serve on the streets of Northern Ireland. Equipped with sniper posts, grenade launchers and now – a children's slide.
An oil caliphate themed crazy golf course made from the hockey pitch at Cheltenham Ladies college.
Commissioned by Banksy to power the entire site, it turns out this ecological marvel has trouble charging more than two mobile phones at once.
Strictly for the little ones – an area that combines soft play and loan shop.
The infamous Julie Burchill has given this seaside staple a good kicking. Now includes references to Jimmy Saville and Fifty Shades of Grey.
A puppet revue show constructed entirely from the contents of Hackney skips – it's 'Fly Tip Theatre' by Paul Insect and Bast. Self operated.
Warm yourself around an authentic real open fire ceremonially lit each day by burning one of the famed local perjurer's novels.
Nettie Wakefield renders your likeness in an exquisite pencil drawing, but only the back of your head. Surprisingly revealing.
The humble picnic table proves a rich source of artistic ammunition for American furniture twerker Michael Beitz.
Truck-mounted outdoor screen playing a rolling program of short films day and night. Cushions not provided.
A gothic sculpture park in a tiny big top tent.
A masterpiece of post-industrial assemblage art – it's two juggernauts performing ballet by Mike Ross.
I saw a bit about Dismal Land yesterday in the news, i'm not sure if i'd enjoy it or not but i could only find that out if i went, so yes i could do that on the 27th but isn't the 27th a Sunday and that would mean driving down and back on the same day.
This sounds interesting but from where I am definitely not a day trip! I'll look at trains.
I am unsure what Weston offers but am happy for anyone to add ideas for us.
Laura, Not sure if mine but at £3.00 a ticket I am willing to give it a go :) and I am a little intrigued by it.
Would love the info on the Chinese always a good sign if someone is prepared to travel to a restaurant. Would be great if you could make it.
Will have to check if that's the weekend that I am away, but if not I could drive there for the day. Would be lovely to meet some MSE folk.
wow only £3 ? !!!
noble house, 171 high street, worle, wsm.
chinese was recommended to me by someone who lives in wsm, worle is a suburb of wsm.
Thanks Laura for the address. Always great to have been recommended by a local. Yes £3.00 a steal.
Great to have you on board :) Looks like we have a chineses thanks to Laura :) I love it when a plan comes together.
Now my spellings gone to put chinese is what I meant.
The queues at the moment are horrendous unless you get special passes.im looking to go with a friend when the queues have died down!
Sorry Wilma, just checked my dates and I am in Cornwall that weekend.
Hope I will get to meet some of the MSE folks one in the not too distant future.
the dismaland website has 27th sept as the last date.
Hi sheryleese, I can imagine it must be a nightmare at the moment. Also as tickets were only available to locals and only on the day It must of added to the chaos.
october that's a shame, maybe it could be moved to the weekend before, also Laure would then be weekend off. Would you be able to make it then?
Right folks that have expressed an interest how would the weekend of the 19be for you? there are two viewings per day. the one I am proposing is the earlier one 11am- 6pm.
It looks as though they have changed the online site again grrr they are only selling tickets on a week to week basis. My thoughts were we bought tickets upfront instead of on the day to save time having to queue, as there's limited availability each day.
"not far on a train"


text:
Żywaczów (ukr. Живачів) – wieś na Pokuciu, w rejonie tłumackim obwodu iwanofrankiwskiego.

Ludzie urodzeni we wsi
 25 lipca 1864 w Żywaczowie urodził się Józef Teodorowicz - arcybiskup lwowski Kościoła katolickiego obrządku ormiańskiego, teolog, polityk, poseł na Sejm Ustawodawczy, a następnie senator I kadencji w II Rzeczypospolitej.
 14 stycznia 1896 w Żywaczowie urodził się Iwan Słeziuk – biskup koadiutor Kościoła katolickiego obrządku bizantyjsko-ukraińskiego w Stanisławowie, błogosławiony Kościoła katolickiego.

Linki zewnętrzne

Wsie w obwodzie iwanofrankiwskim
Województwo stanisławowskie
Rejon tłumacki


text:
Special Report: Small Agency Conference and Awards
O'Keefe Reinhard & Paul, Nomades Take Top Honors at Small Agency Awards 2015
Indie Agencies Bring Home Results for Clients Big and Small
Published on July 30, 2015.
Nick Paul, Tom O'Keefe and Matt Reinhard
So much for the terrible twos. A couple of two-year-old shops walked away with the top awards at Advertising Age's 2015 Small Agency Awards held in Boston.
Chicago-based O'Keefe Reinhard & Paul was named 2015 Agency of the Year. Nómades, a shop based in Mexico City and Buenos Aires, took home the gold for Integrated Campaign of the Year for its "Soccer Gentlemen" campaign for Tecate.
During its short existence, OKRP has brought in big-name clients like Yum Brands, for which the shop has worked on some of its emerging concepts like Chick-fil-A competitor Super Chix and Vietnamese-sandwich concept Bánh Shop.
But it's probably best known for last year's holiday campaign for Big Lots. The campaign featured a '60s-style- girl-group singing songs including "Nailing This" and "Black Fridayest Black Friday of All" and was meant to bring some feistiness to the brand that consumers would remember, particularly because the retail chain does not have a big budget.
Advertising Age Player
"For a company like Big Lots, given our budget, we would be a small fish at a big agency, which would also mean we'd probably get the small-fish talent and attention," said Andrew Stein, chief marketing officer at Big Lots. "But with OKRP, we get the big-fish talent and the big-fish attention." Big Lots, in part because of OKRP, has posted five consecutive quarters of positive comparable sales. Net sales for Big Lots during the 2014 holiday season were up 1.4% from 2013.
Prior to founding OKRP, Tom O'Keefe and Nick Paul were senior executives at Interpublic's FCB, and Matt Reinhard, who was an executive creative director at FCB and DDB, also was creative director at design agency Eyeball.
Nómades' work for Tecate came about because the agency and brand were faced with the challenge of tapping into World Cup fever without mentioning the tournament or the Mexican national team, both of which were sponsored by rival Corona. So the campaign thought of a way to teach men how to juggle their love lives and watching soccer nonstop by being perfect gentlemen.
Agency founder Pablo Batlle used his copywriter skills to pen a 185-page love letter that takes 90 minutes to read. That happens to be the length of a soccer match. In TV spots, a microsite and 47 Facebook posts that follow the reading of the letter in real time, a man presents his beloved with a huge stack of pages and implores her to read right away the love letter he has just written for her. She is charmed by his romantic gesture, and he slips off to watch a soccer game with his friends.
"Pablo is a poet," said Raul Edmundo Gonzalez, Tecate brand director at Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma Heineken Mexico. "You read [the letter] and it's spectacular. There's constant communication between Pablo and me, and he's involved in everything, and passionate about it. He never sleeps. He's always thinking about Tecate. In my experience, I've never had that kind of contact with a creative director before, and it's reflected in the work."
Another part of the campaign covers courtship, and a man who gently turns down a new girlfriend's invitation to come in after a date. On the doorstep, he explains that he is defying macho culture and the temptation of one-night stands to be a perfect gentleman. She swoons, and he tears down the street to watch the next game.
Sales grew 11% by volume during the four-month campaign last year; its ads garnered 17 million YouTube views and accounted for two of YouTube's 10 most-watched ads during the World Cup.
"Soccer Gentlemen" just edged out "Madden NFL 15" for EA Sports from San Francisco-based Heat. Heat took the gold last year for the same client. And this year's Madden work actually snagged eight Lions at Cannes.
"This year was the toughest year we've had in terms of judging," said Ad Age Editor Ken Wheaton. "We seem to get more entries and stiffer competition each year. This year we saw a noted uptick in international shops, particularly from Latin America. But wherever they're located, small and independent shops are obviously capturing the eyes of major marketers -- while continuing to do work for smaller businesses as well."
Now in its seventh year, the Small Agency Awards -- and the Small Agency Conference that preceded the celebration -- have become a staple for the agency community. It's the only event that is tailored especially to shops that are independent and have less than 150 employees. The event is held every July, after the glitz and glamour of the Cannes ad fest dies down. It travels to a different ad community each time; in the past that has included Austin, Texas; Portland, Ore.; Minneapolis; Denver; and New Orleans.
The complete list of winners is detailed below. For more information about these agencies, be sure to look out for the Aug. 3 issue of Ad Age, which will feature profiles on each of these talented shops.
SMALL AGENCY OF THE YEAR
GOLD: O'Keefe Reinhard & Paul, Chicago
SILVER: Wongdoody, Seattle and Los Angeles
CAMPAIGN OF THE YEAR -- INTEGRATED
GOLD: "Soccer Gentlemen" for Tecate, Nómades, Mexico City and Buenos Aires
Tie for Silver
SILVER: "Madden NFL 15" for EA Sports, Heat, San Francisco
SILVER: "The Volkswagen of Your Life" for Volkswagen, Arrechedera Claverol, Mexico City
CAMPAIGN OF THE YEAR -- DIGITAL
GOLD: "Awkward Family Viewing" for HBO GO, SS&K, New York
CAMPAIGN OF THE YEAR -- PRO BONO
GOLD: "The Drop a Brick Project," BarrettSF, San Francisco
SILVER: "Sem Dono Beer" for Adote um Focinho and Bamberg Brewing Señores, Sao Paulo, Brazil
CAMPAIGN OF THE YEAR -- B-to-B
GOLD: "Senseless Robot" for International Paper, McKee Wallwork & Company, Albuquerque, N.M.
SILVER: "The Coffee Connector" for Singapore Economic Development Board, Secret Little Agency, Singapore
BEST AGENCY CULTURE
GOLD: Elite SEM, New York
SILVER: BOHAN, Nashville, Tenn.
GOLD: Division of Labor, Sausalito, Calif.
SILVER: Battery, Los Angeles
GOLD: Noble People (Formerly Ikon3), New York
SILVER: A2G, Los Angeles
GOLD: Red Tettemer O'Connell & Partners, Philadelphia
SILVER: The Tombras Group, Knoxville, Tenn.
Tie for Gold
GOLD: The Terri & Sandy Solution, New York
GOLD: Sylvain Labs, New York
SILVER: The Magnetic Collaborative, New York
GOLD: Hiebing, Madison, Wisc.
SILVER: Little, Minneapolis
GOLD: Dalton Agency, Jacksonville, Fla.
SILVER: The Variable, Winston-Salem, N.C.
GOLD: McKee Wallwork & Company, Albuquerque, N.M.
SILVER: PMG Worldwide, Fort Worth, Texas
GOLD: GreenLight Media & Marketing, West Hollywood, Calif.
SILVER: Camp & King, San Francisco
GOLD: Pollinate, Portland, Ore.
SILVER: Nemo Design, Portland, Ore.
GOLD: Gravity Road, London, England
SILVER: Don, Buenos Aires, Argentina


text:
What current challenges face the fragrance industry? Disruptive innovation and collaboration needed, says expert
We caught up with Edison Diaz, who is director of applied research in EAME (Fragrance Division), Symrise, to discuss the current state of the fragrance industry, its present major challenges and how the industry can move forward.
Diaz, who, along with his role at Symrise is also the current president of the German Society of Perfumers, is a leading expert in the fragrance industry.
One key area he picked out as holding huge potential for the fragrance industry is the cross-over between fragrance and health: the neuroscience behind fragrance and how our memory responds to scents.
The biggest challenge, according to the fragrance expert, is that areas of potential disruptive innovation currently require extra or targeted resources and time to move forward. This is lacking at the moment due to various factors currently posing challenges to the industry:
Here, we dive into the insights offered by this market expert.
Disruption needs to happen
Diaz suggests that while the industry sees, from time to time, innovation in the areas of new ingredients, new molecules, new processes, it really needs groundbreaking disruption. There is, he says, a need for major innovation.
"What we need is disruptive, discontinuous innovation. We need the breakthrough technology innovations," Diaz confirms.
"Since the 1990s we have been generating new molecules, and in the last ten years we have also been creating new processes for creating new molecules, and in the end it requires more to be a great breakthrough innovation for fragrance."
Diaz looks back at the fragrance microencapsulation technology delivery system that is used to enhance the life of a scent in a product as the last big step forward seen in the industry, and since then (that emerged about twenty years ago), innovation has been putting focus more on improving that process than other, new areas.
A united industry striving for innovation
What could help? Diaz suggests that more joined-up efforts across the industry would be a great first step.
"An issue for the industry is its need for unity and its competitivity. We could say, 'let's work together!'" he asserts. Diaz believes that currently, there are too many pressures on fragrance suppliers and manufacturers to meet various regulatory requirements, laws and rules from associations.
"If you're launching a new ingredient, this product needs to be registered worldwide. This is fine because we want to protect consumers and create great products.
"But there is excessive bureaucracy, industry associations, government associations, regulations: this excessive legislation is becoming more and more challenging. And so we need to find a way to work together and to simplify all these processes."
How can this be done in practical terms? Diaz believes that as an industry, fragrance players need to define a single, clear and rigorous set of standards.
"Create one tool that all the industry is using together to maintain standards," he says.
"The principle of associations is good, as they want to protect the consumer, but we need to define the right rules, simplified rules, to protect the consumer. This gives the industry more freedom to create things, to actually respond to consumer needs and to invest in disruptive innovation."
Joined-up industry efforts
Diaz also picks out three other areas where the industry could work together more to strengthen what it is doing: supply chain resilience, the potential health benefits of fragrance, and responding to calls for transparency and safety.
One area is that the supply chain needs to become more robust and resilient. A major issue that has been holding back the pace of innovation for fragrance has been the raw material shortage that began in 2017, which really compromised the supply chain for key fragrance ingredients.
"The question is: why did that one issue affect the whole industry?" says Diaz. "We are really paying attention to solving these issues, reacting to this, and not putting the effort into investments and innovation."
He continues: "The industry needs to become more robust as a supply chain. The fragrance industry reacted really well to the raw material shortage, but how can we be sure that in the future we don't have the same issues? It's difficult for a company to have that responsibility."
Health and fragrance: the next frontier?
The second area that would benefit from collaboration across the industry is tapping into the potential of fragrance when it comes to health benefits, and investing in research in the genetics behind how people respond to fragrances, and the neuroscience behind how our responses to fragrance can impact on our health and wellbeing.
"We need to have the time and the team for discovering new benefits or secondary benefits in the perfumery," Diaz explains.
"Smells trigger a wealth of emotions and memories in people. They evoke individually specific and memorable experiences by provoking a signal in your brain, such as relaxing or stimulating effects. In the science part, we need to put focus more on the potential health benefits."
When it comes to secondary benefits of fragrance that hold potential for the industry, the health benefits are one, and Diaz suggests another may be seen in pet care in the coming period.
Transparency and safety: how to communicate effectively with end consumers
The third and final area where Diaz sees potential for cross-industry alliance in fragrance is in responding to the rising consumer interest in transparency and safety.
"Transparency is a trend for consumers and for big companies. To be transparent is good, but what does the consumer understand by transparency?" Diaz asks.
"Some big brands have already started informing the consumer of what's in their products through transparency initiatives. But as a consumer, you buy a product and you see chemical compounds: do you think the consumer understands that? Not the average consumer."
He suggests that this is the big issue: how can we identify the right translation of chemical formula or compounds to communicate in the right way?
"We need to find claims that support transparency and science. Marketing is key: everybody is talking about trends, but with this marketing you can end up confusing consumers.
"Proper communication needs to be started by suppliers in the industry, and then with finished product manufacturers, and working out ways to communicate with the consumers."
Fragrance though, Diaz is keen to say, usually only makes up a very small proportion of an overall personal care product. Why, then, is fragrance often singled out by consumers as an area of interest?
"Fragrance is the element which helps you to choose a product. It's producing an effect on the brain: 'I like it, it feels good, reminds me of a time in my life'. Fragrance really moves people, producing that key decision in the consumer.
"That is the reason fragrance is singled out. It's the part of the product they're already more aware of so that's why they attach such importance to it."
Fragrance matters
Finally, Diaz asserts that the industry needs to work out how to communicate the safety and importance of fragrance to consumers, because, he believes, the category really matters.
Put simply, fragrance is integral to how we experience and interact with the world and with each other.
"I cannot imagine a world without scents," he concludes. "I don't think our DNA would allow that."
Related topics: Formulation & Science, Business & Financial, Market Trends, Regulation & Safety, Voice of the Industry, Naturals and organics, Sustainability, Digital Innovation, Fragrance, Packaging, Hair Care, Skin Care
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Internet use to drive 1.4% increase in media consumption in 2015
People around the world will spend more than eight hours a day consuming media this year. According to the Media Consumption Forecasts, a new report by ZenithOptimedia, people will spend an average of 492 minutes a day consuming media in 2015, up 1.4% from 485 minutes a day in 2014. This increase will be driven by the rapid growth in internet use, which will increase by 11.8%.
ZenithOptimedia's Media Consumption Forecasts report surveys the changing patterns of media consumption in 65 countries across the world, and assesses how the amount of time people allocate to different media will change between 2014 and 2017. The report looks at the amount of time spent reading newspapers and magazines, watching television, listening to the radio, visiting the cinema, using the internet, and viewing outdoor advertising while out of the home.
Internet consumption to grow at 10% a year, expanding overall consumption
Global media consumption increased from an average of 461.8 minutes a day in 2010 to 485.3 minutes a day in 2014, an increase of 5.1%, or an average of 1.2% a year. Over these years, the amount of time people spent using the internet nearly doubled from an average of 59.6 to 109.5 minutes a day, while time allocated to more traditional media shrank from 402.2 to 375.8 minutes. Mobile technology in particular has created new opportunities to consume media, by allowing people to access the internet while out and about – shopping, commuting to work, waiting to meet friends, and so on.
We forecast that, between 2014 and 2017, the amount of time spent consuming media around the world will increase by an average 1.4% a year, reaching 506.0 minutes in 2017. Meanwhile, internet consumption will grow by 9.8% a year to reach 144.8 minutes a day. The internet's share of overall media consumption will rise from 12.9% in 2010 and 22.6% in 2014 to 28.6% in 2017.
Traditional media losing out to competition from the internet
While the internet has propelled growth in overall media consumption, it has also eroded the consumption of traditional media. The consumption of every traditional medium except outdoor (i.e. newspapers, magazines, television, radio and cinema) fell between 2010 and 2014, directly because of competition from the internet, and we expect their decline to continue to 2017.
Newspapers have suffered the most from competition from the internet, followed by magazines. Between 2010 and 2014 the average time spent reading newspapers fell by 25.6%, while time spent reading magazines fell 19.0%. Television consumption fell by just 6.0%. Between 2014 and 2017 we expect newspaper consumption to shrink by an average of 4.7% a year, while magazines and TV shrink at average rates of 4.4% and 1.6% respectively. Note that these figures only refer to time spent with these media in their traditional forms – with printed publications and broadcast programmes watched on television sets. Any time that consumers spend with broadcasters' and publishers' online brand extensions is included in the internet total.
Exposure to outdoor advertising is rising
The amount of time people are exposed to outdoor advertising increased by 1.2% between 2010 and 2014, from 106.0 to 107.2 minutes a day. This is the result of several factors: more displays being built in public spaces, migration to cities in emerging markets, and consumers' greater willingness to spend their leisure time out of the home as their disposable income recovered after the financial crisis. Between 2014 and 2017 we expect exposure to outdoor advertising to increase by 0.2% a year.
Television still dominates global media consumption
Despite its recent, relatively minor, decline, television remains by far the most popular of all media globally, attracting 183.9 minutes of consumption a day in 2014. Internet consumption came a distant second at 109.5 minutes a day. Television accounted for 42.4% of global media consumption in 2010, and 37.9% in 2014. We think it will still account for more than a third (34.7%) by 2017.
Latin Americans spend the most time with media, people in Asia Pacific the least
Media consumption is highest in Latin America, where people spent an average of 744 minutes consuming media in 2014, and lowest in Asia Pacific, where consumption averaged just 301 minutes that year. Time spent consuming media in Asia Pacific is growing well ahead of the global average, however, as economic development gives people access to more media, and more leisure time in which to consume them: media consumption expanded by 6.7% in 2014, and we forecast average annual growth of 2.9% to 2017.
"The average person already spends half their waking life consuming media," said Jonathan Barnard, ZenithOptimedia's Head of Forecasting. "But people around the world are clearly hungry for even more opportunities to discover information, enjoy entertainment and communicate with each other, and new technology is supplying these opportunities. Technology also enables brands to communicate with and learn from consumers in new ways. We expect media consumption to continue to grow for the foreseeable future, multiplying the opportunities for brands to develop relationships with consumers."
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