text:
Coal India Ltd. – 10 Interesting Facts, Financial Information & Competition Analysis
Coal,India
Coal India Limited (CIL) is an organized state owned coal mining corporate, which came into being in November 1975, with the government taking over private coal mines. With a modest production of 79 Million Tonnes (MTs) at the year of its inception, CIL is the single largest coal producer in the world today.
Operating through 81 mining areas, CIL is an apex body with 7 wholly owned coal producing subsidiaries and a mine planning and Consultancy Company spread over 8 provincial states of India. In April 2011, CIL was conferred the Maharatna status by the Union Government of India and ranked as one of India's most valuable companies by market value
The Coal India Limited aims to produce the planned quantity of coal efficiently and economically, with due regard to safety, conservation and quality.
Dependency on Coal India for Energy & Coal Requirement
Produces around 81.1% of India's overall coal production
In India where approximately 52% of primary commercial energy is coal dependent, CIL alone meets 40% of primary commercial energy requirement
Commands nearly 74% of the Indian coal market
Feeds 82 out of 86 coal based thermal power plants in India
Accounts for 76% of total thermal power generating capacity of the Utility sector
Supplies coal at prices discounted to international prices
Insulates Indian coal consumers against price volatility.
CIL is a low cost producer and enjoys a competitive advantage over its global peers primary due to:
Large Coal reserves,
Lower cost of mining and
Lower Capex costs.
Coal India – Facts
CIL contributes around 85% of coal production in India
Largest company in the world in terms of coal production
Employs nearly 397,000 personnel and is the largest corporate employer in the country
One of the largest companies in the country, with turnover being around INR 386.31 billion in 2007-08
One of the largest tax payer, Corporate Tax INR 35.75 billion (US$647.08 million) in 2007-08
Paid Dividend of INR 17.054 billion (US$308.68 million) to the Govt. of India in 2007-08
CIL produces over 400 Million Tonnes of Coal annually
Production ending Financial Year 2011 was 431.32 Million Tonnes (MTs)
CIL leaped from 300 MTs mark achieved in 2003-04 to 400 MTs (2008-09) in a time span of 5 years, whereas previously it took CIL 12 years to cross the 300 MTs production mark from that of 200 MTs achieved in 1991-92
Targeted production 452 MTs in FY 2012.
Also Read about Coal Advantages & Disadvantages.
In 2010, CIL's initial public offering (IPO) got subscribed 15.28 times, collecting a record over 2.4 trillion—the highest IPO subscription so far. On the first day of its listing on the Sensex, its stock closed 40% higher than IPO price. It is India's largest ever public offer from Coal India Ltd. to raise up to 15,000 Crore. It is currently 90% owned by the Government of India with the remaining 10% owned by the public.
MARKET CAP (RS CR)
2,27,673.35
P/E INDUSTRY P/E
BOOK VALUE (RS) EPS (TTM)
P/C PRICE/BOOK
Investment Valuation Ratios
Net Operating Profit Per Share (Rs) 0.66
Profitability Ratios
Operating Profit Margin(%) -28.02
Profit Before Interest And Tax Margin(%) -1.29
Gross Profit Margin(%) -29.69
Cash Profit Margin(%) 85.69
Net Profit Margin(%) 84.73
Return On Capital Employed(%) 43.29
Liquidity And Solvency Ratios
Current Ratio 2.41
Quick Ratio 2.4
Debt Equity Ratio 0.06
Competition Analysis
Name Market Cap (Rs. cr.) Net Profit
Coal India 2,26,852.23 8,065.10
NMDC 64,367.16 7,265.39
Sesa Goa 17,108.26 1,679.94
Guj Mineral 6,450.63 486.83
MOIL 4,403.28 410.77
Orissa Minerals 2,623.62 3.44
Indian Metals & 766.32 63.93
Ashapura Mine 388.37 6.61
Rohit Ferro Tec 332.8 40.31
20 Microns 231.37 10.78
Maithan Alloys 167.9 47.74
Parrys Sugar 114.88 -6.37
Impex FerroTech 39.47 3.59
Hira Ferro 37.22 4.83
Resurgere Mines 27.84 -77
AML Steel 6 0.03
Coal in India – Future Outlook
According to International Energy Agency (IEA)'s World Energy Outlook 2012 report India, China and West Asian nations will account for 60% of the world's energy demand by 2035, when the price of imported crude oil will be $215 a barrel in nominal terms.
India, the other big Coal market, has more than 450 proposed Coal plants on the book – and it also has a desperate need to increase electricity generation, as this summer's massive New Delhi blackout demonstrated. The International Energy Agency recently predicted that India will overtake the U.S. as the second biggest user of Coal, after China by 2025 and will be the largest net importer of Coal as early as 2020. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, has promised to electrify every household in the next five years. By 2025, India will also be the world's second largest consumer of Coal after China, playing a major role in international energy pricing.
Win A SOLAR LIGHT Daily on GWI! from 21st Jan, 2013.
Search by Tags:: Coal, Coal India, Government, India


text:
Why does marking someone's question as duplicate incite such rage or hurt feelings?
Anyone who's spent much time on Meta has seen them: the frustrated rants from inexperienced users yelling about how The High-Rep Cabal closed their question out of Sheer Soup-Nazi Spite or Malign And Calculated Self-Interest, and how horrible we all are for allowing such a Heinous Evil to go unchecked. (Here's the most recent one.)
But… why? Getting upset about downvotes I totally get: someone took time to dislike something I wrote that left me vulnerable when I asked for help with it. But with duplicates, it seems more like "Oh, yeah, that sounds familiar, try over here." This impression should be strengthened by the wording chosen for the banners. Why doesn't that seem to soften the blow?
I have a couple of hypotheses, but I'm not terribly confident of any of them:
Injured pride at being judged inadequate at searching
This seems plausible enough. The implied "you could have found this yourself if you'd tried harder" might sting, and might sting some personalities more than others.
Frustrated sloth at being denied a custom answer to this question with all the quirks of variable names, problem roomies, and arcane rulesets handled by the answerer rather than by adapting an existing answer
I can easily imagine this annoying someone. Not sure it would produce the insulted rage, however.
Can anyone weigh in with more authority, either from analysis of Their Own Dark Heart upon getting a question closed, or from general knowledge of human nature?
discussion duplicate-questions
Nathan TuggyNathan Tuggy
I almost don't want to offer up any excuse for these people since they tend to annoy the hell out of me. But still, a couple of observations. Some people see that misleading wording "This question is an exact duplicate of..." and then they go read the other question and see that the question is not exactly the same (despite the fact that the answer does answer their question). Rage ensues. I've also seen people who think the fact that their question is getting closed as somehow meaning it's getting deleted (dismissed, shunted aside, etc). Heart fills with hate. – n8te Apr 18 '18 at 6:04
Maybe it's not the duplication at all, but the downvotes they get for not finding it themselves. – Robert Longson Apr 18 '18 at 6:05
@n8te: "Exact duplicate" could easily be rage-inducing, but on main sites that banner is very seldom seen — usually it's just "this question already has an answer". – Nathan Tuggy Apr 18 '18 at 6:16
@RobertLongson: Could be sometimes, but in many cases, once investigated, the only downvotes came once they posted on Meta, and most of them were to the Meta question. (I don't have a specific case ready to hand, but I can dig one up if needed.) – Nathan Tuggy Apr 18 '18 at 6:17
True. I was thinking of meta. I guess I'm out of ideas. I'll let someone with a blacker heart than me weigh in. – n8te Apr 18 '18 at 6:17
It is somewhat hard, as a closing user, to discriminate between: "this answer is easy to find when you know what it is" and "plz look harder :(". Most of mine tend towards the latter, but beyond a close and up vote there's not much in "there, there, it wasn't your fault" one can do for the former. – francescalus Apr 18 '18 at 7:06
I recall at least one case where I posted a question that was almost close voted instantly as a duplicate and when I complained in a comment This question took me 11 minutes to write the response was It took me 11 seconds to find the duplicate. So that is that ... – rene Apr 18 '18 at 7:53
Another thing is, it happened to me once, due to poor phrasing as I'am not english, my question got tagged as duplicate while I thought it was different in subtility. I used to lost too much energy after triing to explain its not the same, its in that effort that I got too much involved personnally – yagmoth555 Apr 28 '18 at 10:09
I've read a lot of complaints about duplicate closures in other places like Hacker News where SO was discussed. It's often one of the top complaints about SO, second to only the complaints about closing "subjective" questions.
The major common feature in those complaints was that the duplicate was not an exact duplicate, so it didn't solve their question. Getting your question closed as a duplicate, when that duplicate doesn't solve your problem understandably feels like a very hostile action.
I can't distinguish how many of the complaints about bad duplicate closures are actual bad closures, and how many are a perceived issue. The asker might miss that the duplicate actually contains a solution, especially if the duplicate is a more generalized version of the problem.
My own hypothesis is that we have a non-negligible number of wrong duplicate closures, and that the simple scale of closing means that even if it's only a few percent of closures that are wrong, that's enough to seriously piss off a large number of people. Users without a lot of experience on SE sites also are unlikely to know how to get their question reopened, they'll perceive it as someone simply smashing the door in their face, and shutting down their question because they didn't read it right.
I agree with that. – John Duffield Apr 18 '18 at 15:29
It's probable that many of the complaints about bad closures are legitimate, but don't reflect well on an extremely low error rate in a high-volume system. Just because some people have complaint-worthy criticism doesn't mean there's a problem. – Aza Apr 19 '18 at 1:05
My 2 cents: most users are relatively new to the Stack Exchange network. They have experience with social media where content is reposted like there's no tomorrow; and they probably know about a discussion forum or two. The concept of 'duplicates' doesn't apply there, and they might feel that they've done something wrong and have been 'caught'. (I remember that feeling from when I posted a link-only answer and got the appropriate canned comment.)
Another Stack Exchange concept that's hard to grasp is the fact that we're providing answers mainly for future visitors, not for the authors themselves. Many people think we're some kind of support desk where you get a (maybe templated) response to every problem you bring. Closing a question denies the possibility of giving a response (answers) and can upset people, just like a closed support desk would.
This impression should be strengthened by the wording chosen for the banners.
Well, the first banner says "This question already has an answer here:" which is fine. The second one, below the question, still says "marked as duplicate".
then they go read the other question and see that the question is not exactly the same (despite the fact that the answer does answer their question)
(from n8te's comment)
This, too. From the author's point of view, they have to read an extra question, which is slightly different or in some cases only related, and then have to adapt the answer(s) there to their specific question, which in some cases can be a lot more work than just getting a spoon-fed answer (your second hypothesis). Don't get me wrong, I think that in most cases (like the linked example), closing as a duplicate is fine. But from an individual's point of view, I can imagine that getting your question closed as a duplicate can be frustrating (though nowhere near the point of getting enraged).
GlorfindelGlorfindel
Yeah, the feeling of having been caught is a very plausible explanation. Nobody likes to be caught doing something they didn't think was wrong when they did it. – Nathan Tuggy Apr 18 '18 at 6:44
"My 2 cents: most users are relatively new to the Stack Exchange network". Now that's interesting. I seem to see a lot of users with a very low score. Perhaps they don't stick around. – John Duffield Apr 18 '18 at 15:26
"...the fact that we're providing answers mainly for future visitors, not for the authors themselves." That, in my opinion, is the single biggest reason new users have trouble adjusting to SO (I don't have as much experience with the other sites). It would be nice if there was a way to get that point across more effectively before the first question is posted. – Andrew Myers Apr 18 '18 at 22:27
My impression is that we're living on a time where folks have a lot to be enraged about. And we have lots of digital venues where The Rage can be expressed. – brasofilo Apr 19 '18 at 1:14
(Disclaimer: I think the answers to this question are somewhat site-specific, and I'm not a big SO user; these points may not be relevant to SO).
I think one reason is that we're sometimes not that nice about it. Between the (at best neutral) wording you get on the screen, and what might be some rather barbed comments from other users, the tone can be more "you fool, we already have this one" rather than "hey, great question - actually we already have an answer here!". Not always... just sometimes.
Another is that people do sometimes close questions as duplicates of questions that don't provide a good answer to the new question. It's obviously frustrating when you spend your time wording a question carefully and then some other anonymous soul negates all that effort. It's especially frustrating when you feel your question has been dupe-marked by people who perhaps seem to have been influenced by existing close votes, and aren't taking the time to understand your question - being misunderstood can be enraging.
Also, if your question has already been asked but doesn't have good answers, there's no good way to attract better answers. Bounties don't really seem to create much interest on a lot of sites, and if you're a new user, you won't have the rep to place anyway.
Another problem is the fact that on many sites, closing a question can happen more easily than getting it reopened; The 'High-Rep Cabal' can genuinely be a little defensive on some sites, in my experience.
topo mortotopo morto
I think there are a few different reasons - It's one of those things that's less than obvious. You're new, you're here for help, and your entirely on-topic question gets closed as a duplicate - sometimes even before you get an answer.
Contrast this with many new users who post multiple identical answers rather than flagging to close. Duplicates are not something a new user will get easily.
I've personally joked about how the duplicate suggestions in the title work better - so there's less of an excuse, but it's still something less than obvious to a new user. While search does suck, the most obvious dupes are obvious - and if it's the same problem with different wording, it helps searchability.
I've often chosen to suggest differentiating a question from the duplicate target. I guess its balancing the immediate payout of answer(s) and reputation for folks who have asked and answered there, and the broader goal of building a knowledge base.
There's no quick fix - literally people just have to get "this is how it works" or decide on a threshold of duplicity that as many people are happy with as possible.
Sonic the Anonymous WizHog
Journeyman Geek♦Journeyman Geek
*cough* Not sure "duplicity" means what you think it means here…. – Nathan Tuggy Apr 18 '18 at 18:06
That was an intentionally humourous reuse... – Journeyman Geek♦ Apr 18 '18 at 23:54
ands by reuse, I mean misuse. – Journeyman Geek♦ Apr 20 '18 at 3:50
I don't think it does, provided that a) it really is a duplicate and b) the answers on the duplicate really do answer the question.
Anyone who's spent much time on Meta has seen them: the frustrated rants from inexperienced users yelling about how The High-Rep Cabal closed their question out of Sheer Soup-Nazi Spite or Malign And Calculated Self-Interest, and how horrible we all are for allowing such a Heinous Evil to go unchecked. (Here's the most recent one.).
That's not a rant. The guy makes a good point. I thought it was rather ironic that his question was closed as a duplicate.
I think the problem comes when the person who flags the question as a duplicate is the person who has given an unsatisfactory answer on the alleged duplicate.
I have a couple of hypotheses, but I'm not terribly confident of any of them: Injured pride at being judged inadequate at searching. This seems plausible enough. The implied "you could have found this yourself if you'd tried harder" might sting, and might sting some personalities more than others.
I'd be interested to see if anybody really felt that. I suspect not.
That doesn't sound likely either. But it does sound rather insulting. Rubbing salt in the wound, as it were.
I can easily imagine this annoying someone. Not sure it would produce the insulted rage, however. Can anyone weigh in with more authority, either from analysis of Their Own Dark Heart upon getting a question closed, or from general knowledge of human nature?
I think there are people who have answered a question, sometimes badly, who are motivated to close down a new question even if it's not much like the alleged duplicate. They know that people are more likely to upvote an answer that's already been upvoted, ie theirs. And that posters with a better answer are less likely to provide it on the duplicate.
The bottom line here is that Stack exchange has a system that can alienate new users, because the Stack Exchange "model" is idealistic - it doesn't work well when users are less than honest. Why an organisation lets this happen to its own detriment I do not know.
John DuffieldJohn Duffield
Why shouldn't a user who gave an answer on a question close another one as duplicate of it? They would probably know best because they knew the answer. And if they gave a bad answer it would be more likely to collect downvotes because of more views due to being a duplicate target. – Modus Tollens Apr 18 '18 at 17:58
Your first sentence makes an assertion that would be nice but doesn't match my experience: people do frequently complain even about perfectly straightforward duplicates. Re the "malign and calculated self-interest" hypothesis in your last paragraphs, my answer to the linked Meta question mentions the problems with that — again, there are many questions that are complained about that can't fit that explanation (because no close voter had an answer on the dupe target) and indeed usually any rep incentive goes strongly the other way, as we've verified extensively on SO. – Nathan Tuggy Apr 18 '18 at 18:01
@NathanTuggy I think the "perfectly straightforward duplicates" thing is probably very site-specific - on Music.SE, for example, many, many questions are partial duplicates; very few are exact duplicates. – topo morto Apr 18 '18 at 19:39
@Modus Tollens : in an ideal world that would be fine. It's also fine when it's a clear duplicate. But sometimes users "game" the system, knowing full well that an answer with upvotes is more likely to get more upvotes, and vice versa. Like I said the Stack Exchange model is idealistic. It presumes people are Saints, and some are not. It only takes a handful of people acting selfishly to give a lot of newcomers a bad experience. – John Duffield Apr 18 '18 at 20:45
@Nathan Tuggy : all points noted. Maybe topo morto's point is what makes the difference. – John Duffield Apr 18 '18 at 20:47
@JohnDuffield Examples please. – Modus Tollens Apr 18 '18 at 20:56
@Modus Tollens : sorry, no. I know that undermines what I said, but I prefer not to go into it at the moment. – John Duffield Apr 19 '18 at 7:14
@JohnDuffield The curious thing is that hardly anyone ever does provide examples. I didn't experience malicious dupe closing behavior like that, so it would be really helpful to see an example. – Modus Tollens Apr 19 '18 at 7:17
@Modus Tollens : I accept your point. But like I said, I prefer not to go into it at the moment. – John Duffield Apr 19 '18 at 7:34
If someone posts a good question, other programmers group up around the question and collectively try to solve it. It's fun to search for the best answer with like minded people. Different groups of people can have fun answering the exact same question at different times.
A duplicate close says, "I've been here for many years and I'm not interested in basic questions like this". A veteran programmer would use this to close down conversations between newer programmers. At least where I live, that's very offensive: people are used to associate freely, and resent being dispersed. The veteran programmer should participate in questions he does find challenging instead of dissolving newbie groups.
In addition, I'm offended that people deprive new developers of the fun and learning experience that Stack Overflow used to be. It's like, we've had fun learning this in 2010, and we will prevent you from learning by closing the exact same question as a duplicate. It's like saying "our cool kid's club is full" and we don't welcome new programmers.
Joel on Software (one of the SO founders) blogged here: https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2018/04/23/strange-and-maddening-rules/:
The old timers invented the concept of FAQs. They used them to say "please don't ask things that have been asked before, ever, in the history of Usenet" which honestly meant that the only questions they really wanted to see were so bizarre and so esoteric that they were really enormously boring to 99% of working C programmers.
Duplicate closes are the new RTFM.
AndomarAndomar
That is nicely said. Any solution to this? – rene Apr 28 '18 at 9:11
The problem I have with this argument is is that it dismisses the value of SO as a knowledge base. A new developer can still go "ah hah! This is similar but my question has a twist" Another value add of duplicates is it links similar questions together. Overzealous dupe voting is annoying but the concept as a whole, to me dosen't detract from the Q&A experience – Journeyman Geek♦ Apr 28 '18 at 9:15
So, it looks like we've got some ways to go still in explaining to newish folks, as politely as possible but as thoroughly as necessary, that Stack Exchange is all about closing down conversations, and all about reusing all possible previous learning. And it would seem there may be some people for whom duplicate closing is offensive because of the key principles of Stack Exchange that make the whole thing work… a la packing water out of Burning Man. – Nathan Tuggy Apr 28 '18 at 15:14
Not a word of your comment makes sense to me. Every question on Stack Overflow is easily (like, within 5 minutes) answered using widely available knowledge. – Andomar Apr 28 '18 at 18:23
@Andomar: Whose comment? (Also, I absolutely and wholeheartedly deny the assertion that every question on SO can be answered with widely available knowledge in 5 minutes. There are probably thousands of questions for which no available answer exists at all that anyone is capable of finding, and tens of thousands more for which answers, if they can be found, require many hours of careful research by someone very patient and already very knowledgeable in the field. Never mind the fact that in many cases it takes a good bit longer than 5 minutes just to write up the answer!) – Nathan Tuggy Apr 29 '18 at 1:14
By the way, I suspect the downvotes are coming from an understandable, if misplaced, kneejerk reaction to a viewpoint that most experienced SE users believe to be both wrong and contrary to SE ideals; my upvote, on the other hand, is because if this viewpoint is at all representative it is a very good framing of (part of) the problem at hand. – Nathan Tuggy Apr 29 '18 at 1:16
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged discussion duplicate-questions .
We as a community overuse the duplicate feature
Rewording of the duplicate notice to communicate better
Does downvoting someone's question causes reputation loss?
Auto-generate the "possible duplicate" comment when question is flagged as a duplicate
Why does it hurt my feelings when people downvote, migrate, and close my questions?
Revamping the Duplicate question System
Does duplicate marking go away once original is deleted?
Why is this question a duplicate?
Marking as duplicate should be time sensitive
Can't find question when marking a duplicate
Request to Reopen someone's duplicate tagged question
Why does adding a duplicate bump a question if marking it as a duplicate in the first place doesn't?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


While people have used all kinds of methods to help them look a little bit more attractive, you'll frequently find that the corset has proven to be one of the most important devices throughout history. Corsets of all sorts have been worn for hundreds of years as a means of pulling the human body into a very particular shape. If you're looking for ways to get your waist looking much smaller, a corset will be perfect for doing this with a minimum of effort on your part.
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text:
What is really going on here?
Jeremiah Christian Stark
So, we continue to hear from MSM, local, and national leadership how terrible this ṕandemic' is. Of course, anytime even one person dies it is terrible, but from what I am hearing and seeing the numbers are constantly being cooked. Why? I have heard, seen, and read about many different factors when calculating the number of patients and deaths.
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/two-thirds-patients-die-coronavirus-would-have-died-year-anyway/
https://bgr.com/2020/04/06/coronavirus-deaths-official-toll-not-counting-everyone/
I do know that, from when it all started up to a week ago, all the numbers we were feed were very off. Like hundreds of thousands of people off. Not just from one or two agencies or states. Not from just one or two issues involving this virus, but every single issue involving this virus has been shady at best. It has been at every level and from all sides. States, Washington, legislators, POTUS, media outlets, and state/ federal doctors(all of which are glued to their prospective leader. (i.e. Governors/POTUS)
https://twnews.us/us-news/hospital-ship-offloads-few-remaining-patients-before-ny-exit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWNtAJs2aUo
Drenathor
I think the issue comes down to what information people have at the time. In the beginning the corona virus was a big unknown. In January we didn't know transmission rates, if the virus could mutate, what the incubation period was, what the mortality rate was, nothing. We just had Trump closing travel to China and democrats calling him a xenophobe.
Then in February we started to see outbreaks in other places. We found out that it was transmissible from person to person and that it appeared to be highly contagious but we still didn't know a lot about it. But it just so happened that Italy got hit early and with their older than average population they got hit very hard raising all sorts of alarms and artificially inflating the data to make this look like the disease everyone feared it might be. Then you had the democrats flipping and going into full lockdown mode and blaming Trump for not doing enough to protect us.
In March we finally started to get some real data. Reliable testing was starting to get rolled out (earlier tests were very unreliable, China's tests failed 70% of the time and the CDC's tests diagnosed water as coronavirus for instance), enough countries were now hit with it that we could do early comparisons and modeling, etc. We started to realize that there was 2 major problems with our data at this point. It appeared that a lot of people weren't being affected much at all by the virus and secondly the death rates were artificially high. If a person is dying of some pre-existing condition and then covid-19 shows up and kills them in days it technically was death by covid but... that's not a fair representation for calculating mortality rates. Around this time Trump started talking about reopening the economy and democrats ridiculed him for peddling false hope.
In April, we started getting much more accurate modeling as anti-body tests started being done and countries were now starting to see declines in death rates and comparisons could be made based on how they handed the spread of the virus. Where we are now we have the best data and it's easy to use hindsight to question what people should or shouldn't have done. We now know that the virus isn't what it was previously thought to be, but early on there was no way of knowing that. And unfortunately with partisanship being what it is and egos being what they are, some members of government and the media don't want to admit that they got almost everything wrong and that Trump got a lot more right than they did. And sadly that, is going to ensure that a lot of Americans needlessly. When politicians and journalists and so on would rather lie to the American public instead of admit they overreacted we end up with the situation you describe.
thechangefitness
Remember a virus is inert, that is, not alive, that is dead. No hijacking of The metabolism , no replication , no contagion , just a few old sick people dying from diseases of civilization as was always the case. And a power grab from a bunch of petty fascists
Well it's true that viruses arn't technically alive (according to traditional definitions at least), they arn't technically dead either and occupy a sort of grey middle ground between the two. They are capable of adapting to their environments and can reproduce (via their host) like living things and (fun fact) a virus can also become "sick" and infected with another virus (though that's pretty rare).
And while I don't disagree that this situation has resulted in a power grab from a bunch of fascists it is important to keep in mind that viruses can and do kill young healthy people (including the coronavirus) and can be HIGHLY contagious. Good news however with this virus is that even though it's quite contagious the mortality rate is significantly lower than what some in positions of power and influence are trying to make people believe.


text:
class Neighborhood
{
private:
    std::string     name;

public:
    Neighborhood();
    Neighborhood(std::string name, const QVector<QPointF>& g);

    std::string  getName();
    QRectF       getBBox();
    bool         contains(const QPointF &p);

    //
    QPolygonF       geometry;
};

#endif // NEIGHBORHOOD_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sushant Singh Rajput,…
Sushant Singh Rajput, Biography, Height, Age, Girlfriend, Family, Death
Kunal Nanda
Sushant Singh Rajput was really an Indian actor, model, dancer, and businessman. He came to the limelight with his portrayal of the role of 'Manav Deshmukh' in the Television series 'Pavitra Rishta.' Sushant worked in many famous Bollywood movies, such as 'Kai Po Che!' "Shuddh Desi Romance" as well as "Kedarnath."
🎶🎶 यूं तो अकेला भी अक्सर गिर के संभल सकता हूँ मैं, तुम जो पकड़ लो हाथ मेरा दुनिया बदल सकता हूँ मैं, —- माँगा है तुम्हें, दुनिया के लिए… अब ख़ुद ही सनम फैसला कीजिए ओ मेरे दिल के चैन…❤ 🎶🎶 ~ मजरूह सुल्‍तानपुरी ~ #morningsong ❣🔥 Good morning 🙂 🙏❤🦋🌪💫🔱💥
A post shared by Sushant Singh Rajput (@sushantsinghrajput) on Apr 4, 2019 at 10:06pm PDT
Sushant Singh Rajput was born in Maldiha, Purnea District, Bihar on Tuesday, January 21st, 1986 (age 34, when he died). The Aquarius also seems to be his zodiac sign. He has studied at the High School of S. Karen, in Patna and at the Model School of Kulachi Hansraj, Delhi. After finishing education, he received his B.A. in Mechanical Engineering at the Delhi Technological University (DTU) in New Delhi. Since his infancy, Sushant has been a bright student or secured AIR # 7 in 2003 AIEEE.
Height (approx.): in meters- 1.78 m, in centimeters- 178 cm, in feet inches- 5' 10"
Eye Colour: Dark Brown
Also, Read – 5 Actors who Have Best Body in Bollywood
Family & Girlfriend
In Patna, Bihar, Sushant was born into a Rajput family. The dad's K. K. Singh is an official retired. his mother passes away in 2002. There are 4 elder sisters of Sushant. Mitu Singh is his sister, a cricketer at a national level.
Sushant Singh Rajput had been in a six-year connection with Ankita Lokhande. In 2016, however, the two collapsed. It was also alleged that Sushant was dating his Raabta co-star Kriti Sanon. Sushant reportedly dated Rhea Chakraborty as well.
When Sushant decided to perform as a career, he joined Barry John's theater classes to polish his skills. During one of his theater performances, he was on stage. The role of 'Manav Deshmukh' in Zee TV's 'Pavitra Rishta' landed upon Sushant by Balaji Telefilms in the television series 'Kis Desh Mein Hai Mera Dil.' He was a big break for his performance in Pavitra Rishta, and he became a step on his trip to Bollywood.
Sushant auditioned to "Kai Po Che! In 2013! He then made numerous hits in the movie industry. The cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni 's biography, MS, played Sushant the leading role in the Indian. Dhoni: The story of the nonsense. The movie was one of Bollywood's most highest-grossing films in 2016.
Also Read – Sonam Kapoor Birthday, Biography, Family, Husband, Facts
Best Male Debut Screen Award for the movie "Kai Po Che" (2014)
MS Dhoni's best actor: Melbourne Indian Film Festival's Untold Story (2017)
Shushant earns Rs. 5-6 crores per film.
Rajput was found hanging at his home in Bandra on 14 June 2020. After suffering from depression in the past six months, he reportedly committed suicide. The Sunday morning after the door to his room broke, his body hanging in a room of his Bandra flat.
Food: Aloo Paranthas, Rajmah Chawal, Prawns, Pani Puri, Chicken, Lobsters,
Beverages: Lime Juice, Tea with lots of sugar,
Travel Destinations: New Zealand, Norway
Sport: Tennis
Cricketer: Sourav Ganguly
He liked to play video games and dance.
The family of Sushant called him Guddu with adoration.
He made a list of 50 wishes he wished to fulfill in his life until 2019. The list included the wishes "Train on Ironman's Triathlon," "Learning Morse Code," "Help Children Learn Space," "Space Champion's Play Tennis," and "Do a Four Clap Push-Up."
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Tags: sushant singh rajput sushant singh rajput backgroung sushant singh rajput bandra house sushant singh rajput biography sushant singh rajput death sushant singh rajput education sushant singh rajput girlfriends sushant singh rajput latest news sushant singh rajput wishes


Word of mouth is a potent ingredient in craft brewing, the fastest-growing segment of U.S. beer making. Defined as producers of fewer than 6 million barrels annually, craft brewers tend to share best-practice tips with the same enthusiasm that beer lovers have for the unique brands and flavors they create.
The Captain Lawrence Brewing Company leans on its new boiler's faster startup time, which they report as roughly three minutes, to get more done each day.
Vaccaro chose a compact, gas-fired Miura LX-50 for his family-run Captain Lawrence Brewing Company, which produces a line of award-winning ales distributed throughout Connecticut and the lower 15 counties of New York State. Named after a Revolutionary War hero, Captain Lawrence projects an output of 15,000 to 17,000 barrels this year with the recent addition of 12 oz. bottles for retail sale. Most essential to this small company, however, is the dependability of its Miura LX-50, which enables Vaccaro and his team to concentrate on what they do best.
Because Miura's unique once-through fintube design burns less fuel, it also reduces emissions. Miura boilers output reduced levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx), a major contributor to air pollution, as well as CO2, the most prevalent of greenhouse gases. Miura boilers achieve low-NOx performance by reducing the temperature of the boiler's flame, which in turn reduces the amount of excited nitrogen atoms available to bond with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides.
As a result, NOx emissions are reduced to around one-quarter of what traditional fire-tube boilers emit. This enables Miura boilers to comply with even the most stringent air-quality regulations. With regard to reduced CO2 emissions, Miura's technology leverages superior operating efficiency to contribute significant carbon abatement with a payback.
In addition to its fintube design, every Miura boiler also features the BL Micro Controller, which keeps track of multiple individual monitoring points. An advanced diagnostic system, it can identify any potential challenge to smooth operation and recommend a solution on an easy-to-read display. A "sliding-window feature" records events four seconds before they occur for fast and effective trouble-shooting. This system can also be accessed via the Internet using the Miura Online Maintenance ("MOM") feature for remote monitoring and diagnostics. The system can also interface with Miura's Colormetry feature, which monitors water quality to prevent the build-up of scale inside the boiler.
Yet another benefit of Miura's design is a compact physical size. Although smaller, however, Miura's exclusive technology produces bhp outputs comparable to much larger units.


About a month ago, we released a report on Global mining stocks highlighting how this sector, after a long decline, was beginning to see a change in fortune (see link). Over the last month, as the S&P 500 index (SPX) as returned 5.45%, the SPDR S&P Metals & Mining ETF (XME) and the Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF (GDX) have returned 29.27% and 11.01% respectively. On a YTD basis, these ETFs are now outperforming the SPX by over 39% and 49% respectively!
This report will utilize innovative momentum analytics to assess the current state of Global Mining stocks. We will analyze the effect of rating changes issued in the last month and assess how the ratings are performing in Mining subsectors.
As we can see from the diagram, about 25% of Mining stocks are currently exhibiting negative momentum while about 55% of these stocks are in an established upward trend (A rated). A rated securities are out-performing D rated securities by an average of about 40% on a since rated basis. These statistics represents an improvement on our position a month ago.
The chart above displays the Momentum Ratings changes issued by Trendrating, over the last month, for Mining stocks with at least $2 billion in market capitalization. There were 29 Upgraded securities and 1 downgraded stock over this period. This means that 97% of issued ratings were for stocks moving into positive momentum (A and B ratings).
How have these recently upgraded securities performed since they were upgraded? The table below highlights the performance of the downgraded securities as well as some of the upgraded securities.
How are Trendrating's momentum ratings currently performing among mining stocks?
The Chart above displays the average performance of stocks for each rating category in each mining subsector. We see that with an average return of about 50%, A- rated gold Gold mining stocks are our best performers. A rated stocks in each category generated positive returns on average. Negative momentum stocks, (C & D rated) on the other hand, have delivered negative returns on average. We can see extreme negative performance in General Mining, Platinum & Precious Metals and in Coal.
To conclude, in the last month, mining stocks have continued their positive start, producing returns that surpass most broad market indices over the last month. While Trendrating has generally continued to upgrade this sector, it is very telling that the negatively rated securities are still producing negative returns, dragging down the performance of investors holding on to these stocks.


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I've been trying to work with the paranormal romance genre for awhile. A personal project, if you will. I've chatted with a number of romance writers, some are even published and doing well in their sales. And I had never been so frustrated in my life.
Romance, even paranormal romance, is more formulated than other genres in some ways. Mainstream romance isn't as formulated, as in, must have a perfect happy ending. But a lot of sub-genres of romance do tend to be formulated. I knew that going into this and I was more than willing to learn.
There are rules, you see. Rules I never would have guessed, but I have learned. There are ways of organizing these rules and needed elements, in a very technical way.
I don't do technical. Ever.
I tried. I really did. But my frustration got to the point that I was inadvertently lashing out at others. With all these technical details, I honestly felt like a bad writer. I began questioning everything I've written and also myself. I was in a very bad place.
Then I woke up. Creative writing of any kind, is called a Craft for a very good reason. It doesn't matter if it's a formulated sub-genre, or free association horror story. With any genre, it's still a craft.
It's good to bear in mind the technical, to understand the rules that need to be followed, but only as an influence. Something to be kept in the back of my mind, while I write the story.
I'm sure you've heard authors say, in any genre, there isn't a secret. Just a lot of hard work. This stands true and always will until the end of time. The same goes for formulated romance sub-genres. It's still a craft.
There are many romance writers who argue endlessly, and insist the formula must be followed and that's the only way to start a story. I don't agree. If I spent all my time and energy following the rules in such a technical, almost obsessive way, I'd never finish a story. Ever.
I have no problems following rules, as long as they make sense. Grammar, spelling, that's all common sense stuff. But I was having the hardest time making sense of all these technical details I was bombarded with. It made me lose sight of the story, and then, I was hopelessly blocked. I gave up. I just couldn't do it anymore.
But not all is lost. Like I said, I woke up. I sat down, and started a rewrite... my way. Using my author's voice, my style. I did keep in mind certain mandatory elements, but only on a subconscious level. The rest I threw into the proverbial wastebasket.
Guess what? It works. Perfectly.
I'm creative. I'm an artist. I'm passionate. And the technical will never replace passion.
I've always wanted to pursue paranormal romance. Who doesn't love Angel and Buffy? Yep, versatile personality, me. But I want to do it my way. Money would be nice, but it's not the main thing.
Some of the writers I've met are so obsessed with following the "formula" they've forgotten about that passion, that drive, and their stories come across as incomplete. And they tried to get me to feel the same way, that doesn't work.
I've simplified things a lot. I have the talent, it's just a matter of having faith in that. Forget about the formulas, reader's expectations. Just me and the characters. That's passion.


UV inkjet inks often fail to adhere properly to challenging substrates, such as glass. MaraShield UV-PGL provides an inkjet layer for inks to adhere to glass, essentially functioning as an adhesion promoter. You can achieve unbelievable prints you could only imagine in the past.


text:
is one of 24 wards which make up the city of Osaka, and is located in the southeast of the city. It is the largest Osaka ward in population and the only ward to have over 200,000 residents.

Geography

The north-west side of Hirano-ku is on the southern part of the Uemachi Plateau, but the overall terrain is mostly flat. The Yamato River flows through the south of the ward, and the Uriwari Cemetery is located inside the ward.

History

The name Hirano probably goes back to the end of the Heian period, and was formally known as Hirano-shou in Sumiyoshi-gun (district) of the Settsu province. The second son of Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, Sakanoue no Hirono, was the feudal lord in charge of the development of Hirano and was called Hirano-tono (tono being the title given to noblemen).

There are a couple of theories as to the origin of the name Hirano. One is that it is a corruption or mispronunciation of the word kouya (広野). Another theory is that it comes from the time when many lakes and marshes were reclaimed and the fields (野) were widened (平らになった) making the kanji combination 平野.

Transportation

Train
West Japan Railway Company (JR West)
 Kansai Main Line: Kami Station - Hirano Station
 Osaka Higashi Line: Shin-Kami Station

Osaka Metro
 Tanimachi Line: Hirano Station - Kire-Uriwari Station - Deto Station - Nagahara Station

Education

Universities and colleges

 Tokiwakai Gakuen University
 Tokiwakai College

Religion

 Dainenbutsu-ji
 Senkō-ji

Notable people
Akihiro Yano, Professional baseball player
Daishōmaru Shōgo, sumo wrestler
Shōfukutei Tsurube II, rakugo comedian and actor
Satoshi Matsuda, actor
Yuki Matsuoka, voice actress
Masami Hisamoto, Talent
Lee Myung-bak, President of South Korea
ManaKana, twin actresses
Ai Haruna, Transsexual television actor

External links

Official website of Hirano

Wards of Osaka

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Avraham Shochat
Israeli politician
Ministerial roles
Minister of National Infrastructure
Faction represented in the Knesset
One Israel
(1936-06-14) 14 June 1936 (age 85)
Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine
Avraham Shochat (Hebrew: אברהם שוחט, born 14 June 1936) is an Israeli former politician who twice served as Minister of Finance. He served as mayor of Arad for 20 years.[1]
Avraham ("Beiga") Shochat was born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era. After serving in the Israel Defense Forces as a corporal in the Nahal paratroopers, he attended the Technion, where he gained a BSc in Civil engineering, also being elected chairman of the university's Student Union during his studies.
Shochat is married to Tama, daughter of Israeli prime minister Levi Eshkol and they have three children.[2]
Shochat was one of the founders of the modern city of Arad in 1962. As a civil engineer, he helped to plan Arad's first permanent housing development.[3] He worked as branch director of Solel Boneh in Arad and the Dead Sea area, and was a member of the Board of Directors of Israel Aircraft Industries and Negev Phosphates.
In 1967 Shochat became head of the Arad local council. He served as mayor of Arad for twenty years. In addition to his mayoral duties he was deputy chairman of the Union of Local Authorities, chairman of the Development Towns Committee of the Union of Local Authorities.
In the 1984 Knesset elections he was on the Alignment's Knesset list, but failed to win a seat. However, when Aharon Harel resigned from the Knesset in May 1988, Shochat replaced him. He retained his seat in elections in November that year, and became chairman of the Finance Committee and the Economic Affairs Committee. After being re-elected in 1992 (by which time the Alignment had become the Labour Party), he was appointed Minister of Finance by Yitzhak Rabin. Although he was re-elected again in 1996, the opposition Likud won the election and Shochat lost his ministerial position.
Following victory for Ehud Barak and One Israel (an alliance of Labour, Meimad and Gesher) in 1999, Shochat was once again appointed Minister of Finance. In October 2000 he was also made Minister of National Infrastructure replacing Eliyahu Swisa after Shas left Barak's coalition. After Ariel Sharon won special elections for Prime Minister in 2001, Shochat left the cabinet. In the 2003 elections he also lost his Knesset seat.
After leaving the Knesset, Shochat was commissioned to produce a report on tuition fees for Israeli university students. His report, published in July 2007, recommended raising fees for Bachelor's degrees by 70% and increasing government funding for higher education by NIS 1.5 billion.[4]
^ Aronoff, Myron Joel (March 1, 1993). Power and Ritual in the Israel Labor Party: A Study in Political Anthropology. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9781563241055 – via Google Books.
^ "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
^ "Mrs. Eshkol-shochat, Daughter of Israel's Premier, Arrives in U.S." September 12, 1963.
^ Shochat: University tuition hike will help reverse brain drain Haaretz, 16 July 2007
Avraham Shochat on the Knesset website
Avraham Shochat Jewish Virtual Library
Finance Ministers of Israel
Kaplan (1948–52)
Eshkol (1952–63)
Sapir (1963–68)
Sherf (1968–69)
Rabinovitz (1974–77)
Erlich (1977–79)
Hurvitz (1979–81)
Aridor (1981–83)
Cohen-Orgad (1983–84)
Moda'i (1984–86)
Nissim (1986–88)
Peres (1988–90)
Shamir (1990)
Shochat (1992–96)
Meridor (1996–97)
Netanyahu (1997)
Ne'eman (1997–98)
Netanyahu (1998–99)
Sheetrit (1999)
Shochat (1999–2001)
Shalom (2001–03)
Olmert (2005–06)
Hirschson (2006–07)
Bar-On (2007–09)
Steinitz (2009–13)
Lapid (2013–14)
Kahlon (2015–20)
Katz (2020–21)
Lieberman (2021–)
Ministers of National Infrastructure, Energy and Water Resources
Berman (1981–82)
Shahal (1984–90)
Rubinstein (1992–93)
Segev (1995–96)
Levy (1996)
Sharon (1996–99)
Suissa (1999–2000)
Lieberman (2001–02)
Eitam (2002–03)
Paritzky (2003–04)
Sandberg (2004)
Ben-Eliezer (2005)
Bar-On (2006)
Ben-Eliezer (2006–09)
Landau (2009–13)
Elharrar (2021–)


I was born in Tokyo and grew up in Yokohama. I'm specialised in Media Studies and Museum Studies. I'm a fanatic art lover. As a co-founder, I established SETENV in 2000, and have been engaged in organizing several live performances and exhibitions on Media Art. From 2005, I turned to focus on my own research projects. My current research subject is 'Media Studies on Museums.' Museums have often been considered as a place for art appreciation or learning; however, I am interested in how we can conceptualise museums as a form of media. This enables us to explore interrelationships between various modes of communications, such as beholding, learning, consuming (tourism) and disciplining. I'm planning to extend the current research towards two main directions below.
By introducing a social science-based approach to museums developed in Britain and America (e. g. Media Studies and Cultural Studies), I would like to build up Museum Studies in Japan for critically understanding museums. This is different from Museology which is for managing museums.
Analysis of public spaces structured by various forms of media. It has been said that electric media such as TV or PC bring ideas and objects far away directly into our rooms. However, as mobile media, such as mobile phones and iPods, became multi-functional and downsized, real spaces which we pass by in daily life are being experienced as the structure or bundle of media. Museums in fact are one of the typical spaces which are multi-layered by text, visual, acoustic, tactile and interactive media. I would especially like to take up the issue of the omnipresence of screens in contemporary society.


text:
module Asposeslidesjava
  module ConvertingToHtml
    def initialize()
        # Converting Presentation to HTML format
        convert_to_html()
    end

    def convert_to_html()
        data_dir = File.dirname(File.dirname(File.dirname(File.dirname(__FILE__)))) + '/data/'

        # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres = Rjb::import('com.aspose.slides.Presentation').new(data_dir + "Aspose.pptx")

        html_opt = Rjb::import('com.aspose.slides.HtmlOptions').new
        html_formatter = Rjb::import('com.aspose.slides.HtmlFormatter')
        html_opt.setHtmlFormatter(html_formatter.createDocumentFormatter("",false))

        # Saving the presentation to HTML format
        save_format = Rjb::import('com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat')
        pres.save(data_dir + "Aspose.html", save_format.Html, html_opt)

        puts "Document has been converted, please check the output file."
    end
  end
end