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Now supermarkets ban parents bringing in children as they impose social distancing rules
Levi Winchester, Senior Digital Consumer Reporter
Updated: 11:51, 10 Apr 2020
FURIOUS parents have accused supermarkets including Tesco and Aldi of not allowing them to bring their children into stores during the coronavirus epidemic.
Most major grocers have introduced social distancing measures which include limiting the number of shoppers allowed in stores at one time, as well as asking customers to remain two metres apart.
⚠ Read our coronavirus live blog for the latest news & updates
Parents are claiming they've been stopped from going into supermarkets with their kidsCredit: Alamy
The new measures come as stores have been working hard to deal with the spike of customers during the coronavirus crisis.
But some parents have slammed the big-name supermarkets after allegedly being refused entry because they have more than one child with them.
Some parents said they ended up walking away empty-handed from their local shop after not being allowed in.
Taking to Twitter, one Aldi shopper scolded the supermarket for allegedly refusing her daughter and five-year-old granddaughter entry.
@AldiUK since when did you stop children going into your shops? My daughter tried to go shopping today with her 5 year old daughter but was told she couldn't go in with her daughter. Shes a single mother what is she supposed to do with her? I am beyond angry
— Dionne Angus (@dionne_angus) March 28, 2020
@piersmorgan a friend visited @AldiUK this morning & has been told that she has to leave her 4 kids at the front of the store whilst she does her essential food shop. Shes a single mom & has no choice but to take her kids shopping as she has nobody to look after them 🤯🤬
— Louise Palmer (@LouiseP56763061) March 28, 2020
She said: "Since when did you stop children going into your shops?
"My daughter tried to go shopping today with her five-year-old daughter but was told she couldn't go in with her daughter.
"She's a single mother what is she supposed to do with her? I am beyond angry."
Another shopper said: "A friend visited Aldi this morning and has been told that she has to leave her four kids at the front of the store whilst she does her essential food shop.
"She's a single mum and has no choice but to take her kids shopping as she has nobody to look after them."
Asda customers have also allegedly been turned away due to having too many people in one family to shop.
One shopper said: "Asda are allowing one person only from each household. I just got turned away with my son.
"Luckily I could leave him outside if I wanted as he's old enough. Kinda concerned for the single parents with younger children and no family/support though."
Replying to a tweet from the supermarket, another person said: "Was at Asda with my seven-year-old this week and was told by security guards that I would be 'allowed in this time but next time I'd need to work something else out'!
"Unfortunately many of us do not have the privilege of leaving our children safe at home. I will shop elsewhere."
If it's only 1 adult and no children in @asda and @sainsburys then how does my daughter as a single mother shop?and don't say online as she can't afford Wi-Fi to order online
— MysticMoon 🐺🌙💍 (@sirenmoonbee) March 28, 2020
Meanwhile, Sainsbury's shoppers said they experienced the same thing.
One shopper fumed: "So when did you decide to stop allowing children into your stores?
"Absolutely disgusted by the security staff and service at Charcot Road NW9 store.
"I was refused entry with my son and security told me to leave my seven-year-old outside ALONE! I am a single parent!"
Another asked: "If it's only one adult and no children in Asda and Sainsbury's then how does my daughter as a single mother shop?"
bunch or heartless staff around my area. Told a SINGLE mother to leave her 5-year old child alone outside, because they aren't allowing children in the shop. and because she refused, wouldn't allow her in.
— Sarah jackson (@SarahJa78895021) March 30, 2020
Tesco has also received comments from concerned parents, with one claiming she saw a single mother being asked to leave her five-year-old child outside a store.
She said: "Bunch of heartless staff around my area.
"Told a SINGLE mother to leave her five-year old child alone outside, because they aren't allowing children in the shop. And because she refused, wouldn't allow her in."
Another claimed: "When I went to Tesco the other day they said kids wasn't allowed only small babies, etc."
Sainsbury's has put up the following signs in stores
Which supermarkets are limiting customers?
SOME supermarkets are limiting the number of people that can go in their stores at one time.
Aldi: Aldi is capping the number of customers in each store but as stores are different sizes, it is at the discretion of each store manager.
Asda: Asda is capping the number of people allowed in stores at one time. As each branch is a different size, the number of customers varies per store.
Lidl: Lidl also announced on it would be "implementing a crowd control system with immediate effect" in order to try to manage social distancing within its stores.
Iceland: The Sun has asked Iceland if it is capping the number of customers in store and we will update this story when we hear back.
Morrisons: The Sun has asked Morrisons if it is capping the number of customers in store and we will update this story when we hear back.
Sainsbury's: Sainsbury's has implemented a queuing system outside stores and is asking everyone to queue two metres apart. It is also limiting the number of people allowed in its branches.
Tesco: Tesco is limiting the number of people who come into stores to help reduce congestion inside.
Aldi, Sainsbury's and Tesco told us they don't have a ban on children in stores, with each supermarket saying parents are able to bring kids in if necessary.
However, they are asking families to be mindful of how many people they bring along on their supermarket trip.
We've yet to hear back from Asda, but the supermarket has been tweeting customers to say it hasn't banned children in stores.
The supermarket said: "This isn't the case. Where needed, we are limiting the total number of shoppers we allow into a store at any one time."
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It comes after Waitrose was accused of "banning" couples from shopping together because they clog up queues.
Some supermarkets have introduced screens around checkouts to protect workers, plus they're limiting key items so everyone can have access to goods.
Tesco has also just limited the overall number of items in online orders to 80.
Shoppers queue outside supermarkets as coronavirus customer limits are imposed
Get extra savings with The Sun Vouchers including discounts and voucher codes for Iceland, Morrisons, ASDA, Tesco and many more Food & Drink retail providers.
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2.Having effective meetings for short duration.
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We're starting our Jazz 'n' Fizz sessions tonight at the 5-star Andaz Hotel in Shoreditch this evening, 6.30pm-9.30pm. Entrance is £FREE though, sorry to say, the champagne isn't! If you can, go check it out. It's a lovely hotel and bar, perfect for sipping a glass or two of perfectly chilled champagne with friends.


text:
Ку́піль — село (до 1944 року — містечко) у Волочиському районі Хмельницької області. Населення становить 786 осіб. Історичний, культурний, освітній і торгово-економічний центр Верхнього Побужжя. Орган місцевого самоврядування — Купільська сільська рада.

Через село протікає Південний Буг. На Південному Бузі і його притоках в межах території села споруджено щонайменше 5 ставків, зокрема найбільший з них — Купільський став, а також Старий став, став Забровар, Єврейський та ін.

Історія
Перша документальна історична згадка про Купіль датується 1573 роком.

У XVI—XVIII ст. — у складі Речі Посполитої.

З 1793 р. — у складі Російської  імперії.

У XIX — на початку XX ст. — містечко Староконстантинівського повіту Волинської губернії.

З 1923 р. — центр еврейської національної  сільради.

У 1924—1930 рр. — у Войтовецькому районі Проскуровского округу, в 1932—1937 рр. — у Волочиському районі Вінницької області, 1937—1945 рр. — Кам'янець-Подольській області, з 1945 р. — Хмельницької області.

1847 року в Купелі жили 1 170 євреїв, 1897 р. — 2 720 (52,8 %), 1923 р. —1 530. Євреї жили у Купелі, ймовірно, з часів Речі Посполитої.

Наприкінці XVIII ст. за підтримки місцевого поміщика С. Вислоцького у селі була заснована єврейська типографія (одна з перших у Росії).

На початку XIX ст. в селі було кілька синагог, діяли кілька хедерів. За клопотанням єврейського населення в Купелі було відкрито поштову станцію (згадується з 1852 р.).

Головним чином євреї Купеля в XIX ст. займалися ремеслами, були кравцями, швецями, кушнірами, бондарями, ковалями та ін.

З 1859 р. рабином у Купелі був Койфман, у 1880-х рр. — Лейзер Харіф, наприкінці XIX ст. — Йосель-Лейб Глейзер. 1865 р. у Купелі було три синагоги, 1871 року було відкрито однокласне народне училище, 1907 року — єврейська школа.

У 1910-х рр. підприємці Гольдберг, Вейгман, Маргуліс, Каплан і Шварцман орендували парові млини.

Зубним лікарем у Купелі працював Мендель Янкелевич Стружа.

1914 р. євреям належало три аптеки, трактир, 47 лавок (зокрема усі 11 мануфактурних, усі 21 бакалейні та ін.); серед євреїв був один скотопромисловець. У Купелі діяла сіоністська організація.

У 1793—1923 рр. містечко Купіль — адміністративний центр Купільської волості Старокостянтинівського повіту Волинської губернії. До складу волості входили такі населені пункти: містечко Купіль, села — Богданівна, Клинини, Кушнирівка, Кржачки (Кущівка), Левківці, Рябіївка, Слобідка Нурчина (Нучина), Холодець, Чернява (Чернявка).

У 1923—1924 рр. містечко Купіль — центр новоствореного Війтовецького району.

До 1944 року в межах Купеля існувало дві адміністративно-територіальні одиниці — Купільська сільська рада та Купільська містечкова рада. З 1924 року і до сьогодні Купіль — центр Купільської сільської ради, якій підпорядковане також село Гайдайки.

Село стало свідком Українсько-радянської війни. 1 червня 1919 року в районі села Купіль відбувалися криваві бої між Таращанським полком Червоної армії і 10-м полком сірожупанників Армії Української Народної Республіки. Того ж дня українці були відтиснуті більшовиками на захід. Сімнадцять українців потрапили у полон до червоних. Надвечір червоноармійці стратили військовополонених у селі Холодець, на березі місцевого ставка. Селяни зібрали помордовані тіла бійців та поховали на сільському цвинтарі. 24 серпня 1919 року командир 10-го полку сірожупанників Анатолій Костик, у числі інших бійців, відвідав село. Над могилою поставили дерев'яного хреста, відправили панахиду, військовою сальвою віддали шану полеглим.

Вулиці Купеля
 О. Жиліна — головна вулиця;
 І. Хахеріна (Чорноострівська);
 Ц. Малиновського;
 П. Теодоровича;
 Ю. Гагаріна;
 О. Кшивінської;
 Перемоги;
 Садова;
 Польова;
 Набережна.

Об'єкти культурно-освітньої, соціальної і виробничої інфраструктури
 Церква Архістратига Михаїла УПЦ;
 Купільська загальноосвітня школа І—ІІІ ступенів;
 Дитячий дошкільний заклад «Зернятко»;
 Купільський сільський будинок культури;
 Купільська сільська бібліотека;
 Споживче товариство «Купільське»;
 Купільська дільнича лікарня;
 Купільська ветеринарна дільнича лікарня;
 Купільське відділення районних електромереж
 Відділення зв'язку «Укртелеком»
 Відділення «Укрпошти»
 Відділення «Ощадбанку»
Функціонують понад 5 об'єктів торгівлі та 4 заклади харчування, виробничий відділ сільськогосподарського підприємства. Діють місцеві фермерські господарства.

Визначні місця, пам'ятки історії та культури села Купіль
 Костел Успіння Пресвятої Богородиці, збудований Анною Понятовською у 1847 році. Зараз це Свято-Михайлівська Церква УПЦ МП;
 Родинна усипальня (каплиця) Чілінських, друга половина XIX століття (польське кладовище);
 Братська Могила Воїнів-Визволителів с. Купіль. Зокрема тут покояться Герої Радянського Союзу Олександр Іванович Жилін та Ілля Кирилович Хахерін;
 Єврейське кладовище із пам'ятником на місці знищення єврейського населення містечка Купіль у період Німецько-радянської війни;
 Польське кладовище;
 Православне кладовище;
 Базарна площа (Базар) — місце торгівлі та проведення щорічних ярмарків аж до 1980-х років;
 Залишки палацового парку на правому березі Південного Бугу (залишились лише поодинокі каштани). Купільчани називають це місце Каштани або Під Каштанами;
 Житлові та адміністративні будинки довоєнного періоду (сильно змінені та перебудовані).

 Не збереглися або були зруйновані
 Церква Святого архістратига Михайла, збудована у 1884—1888 роках за сприяння прихожан, священика Іоана Яновського та архітектора Миколи Юргенса
 Свято-Троїцька дерев'яна «цвинтарна» церква
 Єврейська синагога
 Палац Чілінських
 Забудова центра містечка, зруйнована у період Другої світової війни.

Голодомор в Купелі

За даними різних джерел в селі в 1932—1933 роках загинуло близько 80 осіб. На сьогодні встановлено імена 67 із них.
Мартиролог укладений на підставі поіменних списків жертв Голодомору 1932—1933 років, складених Купільською сільською радою. Поіменні списки зберігаються в Державному архіві Хмельницької області.

Відомі люди
В селі народилися:
 Бейдер Хаїм Волькович — єврейський письменник, журналіст, літературознавець, ідишист.
 Головко Федір Захарович — Український медик. Заслужений лікар України (1996). Народився 02.02.1930 р., с. Купіль Волочиського району Хмельницької області. Закінчив медичний факультет Ужгородського університету. Працював хірургом у Якутії, Росія. У 1956 р. обраний асистентом кафедри госпітальної хірургії Чернівецького медінституту., з 1964 р. — доцент цієї кафедри, з 1977 р. обраний за конкурсом завідувачем кафедри загальної хірургії, у 1988—1995 рр. — доцент. Нагороджений знаком «Відмінник охорони здоров'я».
 Гольденберг Шимон — єврейський письменник.
 Задворний Володимир — письменник, публіцист, літературознавець, педагог, краєзнавець, автор історичного нарису «Село моє, Купіль…».
 Кшивінська Ольга — поетеса, учасниця Проскурівського підпілля.
 Лізен Олександр — єврейський письменник.
 Малиновський Цезар Казимирович — Герой Радянського Союзу.
 Перельштейн (Рубман) Това — єврейська письменниця, політв'язень.
 Вільям Хомський (Зєєв Хомський) — професор, батько лінгвіста і філософа Ноама Чомскі.
 Кравець Максим — єврейський письменник, військовий.

В селі померли:
 Жилін Олександр Іванович — Герой Радянського Союзу.

Посилання

 Голодомор у регіоні. Перелік населених пунктів Волочиського району Хмельницької області, що постраждали від Голодомору 1932—1933 років.
 Краєзнавча експедиція місцями боїв Армії УНР

Джерела

Населені пункти з історичною єврейською громадою
Села Хмельницької області
Населені пункти Хмельницького району

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Harry and Meghan: A Weary Cynic Tries to Understand the Fairytale
By Kayleigh Donaldson | Celebrity | May 21, 2018 |
I didn't watch the Royal Wedding last weekend, or rather, I didn't stop and sit down to specifically watch the Royal Wedding. For most of Saturday, the merriments were unavoidable, and it seemed inevitable that I'd catch glimpses of the event throughout my day. The restaurant I dined in with my parents had the wedding screening on every TV; my Twitter feed was flooded with excitement and bite-sized clips of the ceremony; shop windows were full of celebratory paraphernalia; my mum kept talking about how much she didn't care about the day but in such a way that showed she really was invested in some level.
Throughout it all, I spent a little too much time wondering whether or not to tweet. I'd expressed my relative ambivalence towards the occasion, and the royals as a whole, several times before. It wasn't news to my followers that I had little investment in the wedding, so why bother saying anything? Nobody wants to be that half-empty glass at the party bringing the mood down. We've all had those social encounters with people who never shut up about how much they don't care about something, and it's never fun or productive. It's glaringly counter-productive to express your apathy for something by adding to the conversation. As someone who writes about pop culture and celebrities for a living (and who has written about the royals before), I couldn't find the words or the tone to express all my disjointed and tangled feelings on this thing that made so many people happy. I feared being that person spoiling the fun, of being that woman who just didn't get it.
The truth was that I didn't get it. Well, I got the fantasy. It's hard not to understand the sheer thrill of the princess dream, even if you're opposed to everything it stands for. The princess narrative has evolved a lot since the days of Snow White being saved by a kiss from a man with no name. We have Diana of Themyscira and Leia of Alderaan who went from princess to general. Even Disney upped their game with regal women who save the day without the help of a dolt-like prince. In the real world, accomplished women have married into European royalty with great success. The fantasy has gotten less white and less straight, as witnessed through wonderful romance novels like Alyssa Cole's A Princess in Theory. Nowadays, the princess fantasy isn't all about jewels and gowns and a life of leisure.
Meghan Markle, now to be known as the Duchess of Sussex, was the epitome of that evolution for many women: A biracial divorced American actress who championed feminism and slagged off Donald Trump on TV. An older woman with her own money, her own career and endless possibilities ahead of her bagged a literal prince, and in the process, she had to lose more than she had to gain. No more acting work, no more freedom to voice political opinions or wear low-cut necklines or express a public emotion aside from unfettered joy. Yet she didn't seem to lose any of herself in the change-over. She looked ready for it, confident and moving forward and happy that what she was giving up wasn't worth that much in the long run.
With Kate Middleton, things were different. The public had known her for a decade prior to the engagement, but nobody ever really knew her. We had never heard her speak until the engagement announcement. She didn't do interviews, her family kept their mouths shut (unlike Meghan's awful, awful half-siblings), and she led a publicly safe life. She too had to prepare for the inevitable, but her process took years and locked her down in a way it never did with Meghan, a woman who had a rich and diverse life pre-Harry. Kate couldn't invest in a career while dating a prince, nor could she cut loose on the weekends or get close to potential friends who could sell her out. The media always talked about Kate being 'nice' and 'pleasant', mostly because there was little else to talk about with her that wasn't related to her fashion or beauty. Nowadays, aside from her children, they still don't talk all that much about her personality beyond its accepted niceness. The princess fantasy comes with a mundane reality: You seldom get to be yourself after the crown comes on.
I had trouble letting this knowledge go as my friends giddily watched Harry marry Meghan. Monarchy is inherently anti-democratic, and the British royals have a history of meddling in political affairs beyond their grasp. The Windsors exemplify our eternal fetish for class, even as the divide between the haves and the have-nots becomes impossible to bridge. Unleashing my pent-up irritation over this archaic institution and its worship was as close as I'll ever come to sympathizing with Morrissey, and I hate that guy. I couldn't help but look beyond the pretty dress and the glistening tiara and think of how this family has historically feasted upon the spirits of the women who are subdued by it.
People like royal weddings, but they don't care all that much about royal duties. There are only so many articles you can write about Kate Middleton going to another ribbon-cutting, talking inanely to yet more people, picking up another posy of flowers from an eager child allotted for the job, and giving another pleasantly bland speech written for her by an underpaid press secretary. You have to smile just enough for it all or you'll be called miserable; you have to sit in great discomfort with your legs slanted to the side and your back straight all day to prevent some vulture photographer from taking a shot of your underwear; you have to be supportive of your cause but not too fiery in your rhetoric because that's politics and you don't go there; don't eat in public for fear of those embarrassing pictures, and be careful what you drink because it will almost always signal a pregnancy rumour. Perhaps that's why everyone just ends up talking about hair and dresses all day. It's much easier and less emotionally crushing.
There have been think-pieces for eons detailing how Meghan will change the royal family and make it relevant for the 21st century. Most of them are just repeating similar sentiments from Kate's wedding, but there is tangible change in the air. Meghan is a woman of colour who didn't need a title to establish her humanitarian credit. She didn't need Harry to get her into the UN for a speech on women's rights. She hasn't had harried secretaries or advisers telling her that fighting period poverty in India may be considered an 'inappropriate' charitable endeavour. If there were any members of The Firm hoping that Meghan would keep her blackness under wraps (looking at you, Princess Michael of Kent), then her wedding was a joyful declaration of herself, her family and her identity.
Will people be as excited for that as they were the big day itself? I doubt it, simply because a wedding is easier to rally around than a regular schedule of duties. An event rooted in archaic tradition and elitism brought people joy and disrupted the status quo just enough to keep things interesting. In dark times, I guess it was all we could ask for. I'm glad people had their happy day, as much as it wasn't for me, and as much as I don't believe the monarchy is truly for anyone. The wedding is over and now the work begins.
(Header photograph from Getty Images)
Kayleigh is a features writer for Pajiba. You can follow her on Twitter or listen to her podcast, The Hollywood Read.
'Westworld' Season 2, Episode 5: Shogun World, DoppelBots, and Maeve's Special Powers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Testing with an in-memory database. Unit test or integration test? The concepts of unit test and integration test are well-defined: the former tests one component, the latter tests more than one component.
I use Effort to test my Entity Framework repositories. Effort is an in-memory database implementation, so we don't hit an actual database but just the memory so it's faster.
I'm testing solely my repositories by creating some fake data and populating an in-memory database with this fake data. I'm not mocking the data context. Should these be considered unit tests or integration tests?
Edit: I'm testing the methods of my repositories - e.g. CustomerRepository.GetAllCustomers. I'm populating this in-memory database with (say) 5 customers, calling the method, and asserting that I get those 5 customers back.

A: From your description of test for method CustomerRepository.GetAllCustomers, it does look to be a unit test since you are not using other services ( external or within your app ).
If your method is simply using a db Connectionobject to retrieve rows from in - memory db instead of real db and no other public services being called or being mocked ( if called ) then you are doing a unit test ( which does seem the case to me even though you have not shared code of CustomerRepository.GetAllCustomers ) .
As already pointed out by a previous answer, just using in-memory db is not enough to tell if your tests are unit or integration esp. if you are testing DAO layer itself.

A: Using an in-memory database is not enough information to tell whether you are writing a unit test or integration test.
If you are only testing a small component like a method of a class then yes it's a unit test. But if that method calls other public methods to do it's job and you don't mock those dependencies, then that would be an integration test.

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Spurred by tech titan Terry Matthews, residents mull Kanata golf club purchase to halt development
Mitel co-founder and Kanata tech magnate Terry Matthews. File photo
Oct 30, 2019 4:43pm EDT
Kanata Golf and Country Club
Kanata Greenspace Protection Coalition
ClubLink
Richcraft Homes
Jenna Sudds
Barbara Ramsay
Terry Matthews
Spurred on by an appeal from billionaire tech titan Terry Matthews, Kanata residents are stepping up with offers to donate funds to save the Kanata Golf and Country Club from being razed for a new residential development, the local councillor says.
More than 400 people attended a community meeting Monday night at the Brookstreet Hotel to talk about golf course owner ClubLink's controversial plan to redevelop the 71-hectare site. ClubLink is proposing to team up with local developers Minto Communities and Richcraft Homes to tear up the course and replace it with roads, parks, ponds and 1,500 homes divided among single-detached houses, townhouses and apartments.
ClubLink senior vice-president of investments Robert Visentin told OBJ earlier this month the golf course industry has been in decline for the past decade and the firm needs to look at new ways of making the property more financially viable.
But Kanata North Coun. Jenna Sudds, who organized Monday night's meeting, said the community doesn't want to see all that greenspace disappear. She said Matthews, best known as the co-founder of telecom giant Mitel, told residents at the meeting he'd be willing to make a significant contribution to any bid to buy the course from ClubLink if other residents agreed to put money toward the cause as well.
Sudds said Wednesday she'd already heard from a number of constituents who told her they'd be happy to chip in to save the course from being bulldozed.
"I think as a community, we need to look at all avenues that are possible," she said. "For the community, it was certainly a call to action. We need to work together to do whatever we can to save this greenspace."
Barbara Ramsay, chair of the Kanata Greenspace Protection Coalition, which opposes ClubLink's plans, said Matthews' offer is intriguing.
"That's a large idea that he's talking (about), but it's an idea that is certainly worth vetting," she said, adding she too has been approached by residents asking if her group would take the lead in putting together such a proposal along with the tech entrepreneur.
Opponents of ClubLink's redevelopment plans say they have the potential to negatively affect their property values, lead to more traffic congestion in the Kanata Lakes and Beaverbrook communities and put more strain on public infrastructure such as roads and schools.
They also say the proposal violates a legal agreement that dates back almost 40 years.
Sudds, Ramsay and others point to a 1981 agreement between the former city of Kanata and the course's owner at the time that requires 40 per cent of the Kanata Lakes property to be maintained as green space, including the golf course, and gives the city the right to take over the land at no cost if the owners no longer want to operate the course and cannot find another operator or buyer who wants to maintain it.
ClubLink bought the golf course in 1996; the City of Ottawa took over all legal agreements signed by all former municipalities in the former region of Ottawa-Carleton, including Kanata, when they were amalgamated in 2001.
The city filed an application last week asking Ontario's Superior Court of Justice to rule on whether the so-called 40 per cent agreement is still valid. Sudds said Wednesday the city has asked the court to expedite the application in the hope of having a hearing by Dec. 13.
ClubLink officials say they believe the agreement is invalid.
"We wouldn't have filed an application and gone through the work of doing all these reports if we thought it was a valid agreement," Valentin said recently.
Meanwhile, the clock is ticking on ClubLink's development application with the city, which was filed in early October. Under provincial law, the city has 120 days – meaning until Feb. 5 – to make a decision on whether to green-light the proposal.
Sudds and others worry the court hearing process won't be concluded by the time the February deadline arrives, putting the city in a quandary.
"There is literally nothing that we can do as a city to stop the planning (process)," she said. "We're doing everything we can on the legal side to try to get this dealt with prior to the 120 days expiring. Obviously, it's distressing. Until we hear back from the court, it's hard for us to be able to assess how realistic these timelines are. But I do know that we've got an incredible legal team working on our side, and I know that they'll provide good advice either way."
The Kanata Greenspace Protection Coalition is hosting a public meeting next Tuesday evening at Earl of March Secondary School to discuss how the community can support the city's legal fight.
"It is the right thing to do – as far as we're concerned, the only thing to do – to show the respect to the 40 per cent agreement that it deserves," Ramsay said.
ClubLink and partners file plans to move ahead with controversial Kanata golf course development
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Ian rhythmically rolls the puffy cotton knot in-between his thumb and forefinger, squeezing hard to maximize benefit of the cathartic activity. The miniature cloth dumbbell makes an ideal sponge for Ian's OCD-driven energy and general frustration. In concert with his fingers, his left foot arches forward and repeatedly taps its heel on the floor. He intermittently glances at the right of his two 17" flat panel monitors, furtively reading the Columbia Graduate School for Journalism admissions requirements.
The Managing Director strolls closer, shaking hands and slapping shoulders of those nearby.
"You're MY resource," he coaches, pointing a finger to make sure there is no confusion.
"What am I doing?" he reflects, looking around at the mess of papers and pitch books in his office.
A vicious wave of regret and guilt starts to swoop in. It arrives slowly, signaling its approach with subtle but increasingly intense stomach knots. Ian's head drops, his body bracing itself for the blow it is about to receive.
But as he looks down, Ian sees a shimmer of light. His turns his head slightly, curious. His eyes methodically trace the stripes of his shirt towards the source and land on his solid white French cuff (only when he made MD did he allow himself to wear these shirts. He was never one of 'those dudes'). And at the point where the ends of the cloth are pinned together, he sees a twinkle. Squinting to focus his eyes, he makes out the three familiar letters—"IRR." The sight of his monogrammed initials annihilates any second-guessing or thoughts of regret or "self-realization." He sighs and fondly pinches the head of the cufflink. He rolls it back and forth between his thumb and forefinger gingerly, and a surge of desire to do "big deals" and "make money for the firm" pours into his soul, energizing him.
Ian snaps out of his daydream smiling, adrenalin still pumping. His fingers immediately move to his wrist in hopes of finding the cool metal studs that felt so real a moment before. They meet cotton instead. Not that easy.
He navigates to the graduate program website he was browsing before and depresses the "ALT" key with his thumb. He splays his fingers across the keyboard and stretches his middle digit upwards. The finger reaches its target, "F4" and presses down, washing away the window.
Ian diligently resumes working, the image of his initials set in gold, accented with diamonds fueling his determination. He'll be upgrading soon enough.
To you sir, why don?t you fuuuukin read somethin else instead of coming to this site if you don?t have the brain to understand what?s this all about??
I got the same tramadol attack? well, not the same, because it was only about 20 comments instead of 90, and i t have any filtering set up, and I just deleted them one at a time? hmm.. the only thing really in common was that it was about tramadol? what filter do you have set up that caught them all?
I realised my mistake, and i left the game before i could lose what was left of my soul.
I can?t begin to figure out why some people get so virulently offended by what they read here!
Hi, I?ve just about read all of your stories (still a couple to go). Truly fantastic! Keep up the good work!


Who knew pole dancing could be so tough?
Recently, I had the honour to try out pole dancing with Asia's Got Talent semi-finalist Louis Sue and it was a bizzare experience! Pole dancing surely puts workout in a more glamorous and sexier light than it seems because of the acrobatic movements invovled. However, for me, I would rather leave that pole to the professionals. It was not as easy as it seems for one to twist and turn around the pole like there was no friction!
Then, there I was, frantically trying to cling on to the pole like a monkey in hoping I would stay in position. Unfortunately, I tend slid down, just like my hope!
Pole dancing harnesses a lot on your body weight and if you are in it for a long time, it develops strength and agility for your entire body. It could also be a good cardio depending on the music you are pole dancing to.
We now know why Louis Sue's performance was the highlight at Asia's Got Talent and received three yesses from judges David Foster, Anggun and Jay Park. We wish Louis Sue all the best for his performance in the semi-finals and remember to vote!
I think it would be good enough if I could raise a flag on a pole in time throughout the National Anthem. Perhaps, that would ba good achievement already. If you are going to ask me to glide and raise myself to the top of the pole? I have award-winning pole dancer Louis Sue on my speed dial and give him my vote. Louis started pole-dancing as an outlet to incorporate both fitness as well as dance. He hopes to promote pole-dancing as a mainstream fitness activity and break whatever stereotypes that people have of it. If you are interested, you may contact PXD Pole where Louis is an insturctor there!
Watch the encore telecast of this episode on Sunday at 7:30pm on AXN. New episode of Asia's Got Talent airs every Thursday at 8.30pm on AXN. To follow the journey of this season's acts, check out #AXNAsia and #AsiasGotTalent.
The upcoming InterContinental Shanghai Wonderland is located in a former quarry in southwestern Shanghai. The 18-storey architectural masterpiece has two floors above ground, and 16 below, including two floors underwater. Other recent openings for the brand include InterContinental® San Diego, a vibrant addition to the city's waterfront, InterContinental® Sofia, which marked the brand's debut in Bulgaria, and InterContinental Phu Quoc Long Beach Resort, on a stretch of idyllic beach on the Vietnamese island.
Founded in 1946 by aviation pioneer, Juan Trippe, InterContinental Hotels & Resorts is today the world's largest luxury hotel brand, nearly twice the size of its nearest competitor. The brand has a history of pioneering luxury travel – by the end of the 1960s, the brand had debuted in Europe and Asia, reaching almost all four corners of the globe. From 1946 to 1970, Juan Trippe opened more than 60 hotels in 50 countries – at a time when the fastest transcontinental communication device was the telephone and the telegram.
Of note, InterContinental is currently running a high tea currently ongoing at The Lobby Lounge, running until 30 April 2019 entitled Classic Afternoon Tea : Celebrating 200; inspired by InterContinental 200 and Singapore Bicentennial.


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All posts tagged with: 2000
02/01/2000 Our Lady Peace, Stereophonics (Toronto, ONT @ Air Canada Center)
02/19/2000 Chris Cornell (Rochester, NY @ Harro East Ballroom)
03/17/2000 Snapcase, Boysetsfire, Turmoil, Bughouse (Rochester, NY @ Water Street Music Hall)
03/24/2000 Korn, Staind, Mindless Self Indulgence (Buffalo, NY @ Marine Midland Arena)
04/26/2000 Our Lady Peace, Buzz Poets (Erie, PA @ Gannon University)
04/28/2000 Nine Inch Nails, A Perfect Circle (Toronto, ONT @ Maple Leaf Gardens)
05/06/2000 Train, Gas Giants (Rochester, NY @ RIT Clark Gym)
06/01/2000 Staind, Apartment 26, Liquid Gang (Buffalo, NY @ Sideshow Music Hall)
06/08/2000 Thursday In The Square: Moist, Shelia Divine (Buffalo, NY @ Lafeytte Square)
06/13/2000 3 Doors Down, Stir, Mile (Rochester, NY @ Water Street Music Hall)
06/17/2000 Homegrown: Hollowpoint, Stemm, Sleaze, Cradle, 3 Below, Figure (Hartland, NY @ Freedom Park)
07/01/2000 RAINN Benefit: Hollowpoint, Stemm, Flush, Mile5 (Buffalo, NY @ Runwayz)
07/03/2000 Friendship Festival: Moist, I Mother Earth (Fort Erie, ONT @ Mather Arch Park)
07/14/2000 Deftones, Glassjaw (Rochester, NY @ ESL Center)
07/15/2000 Deftones, Glassjaw (Buffalo, NY @ Runwayz)
08/13/2000 George Thorogood, Bernard Allison (Buffalo, NY @ Erie Basin Marina)
08/15/2000 Red Hot Chili Peppers, Stone Temple Pilots, Fishbone (Darien, NY @ Darien Lake Performing Arts Center)
08/16/2000 Wang Chung (Buffalo, NY @ Sideshow Music Hall)
08/27/2000 103.3 Edgefest: Mest, Sum41, Nickelback, Fenix-tx, Eve6, Shelia Divine, Harvey Danger, Goldfinger, Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Papa Roach (Buffalo, NY @ LaSalle Park)
08/29/2000 Papa Roach, (hed)pe, Not Waving But Drowning (Rochester, NY @ Water Street Music Hall)
08/31/2000 The Tea Party, Hundred Mile House (Thorold, ONT @ Arizona's)
09/22/2000 Nine Days, Johnny Society (Rochester, NY @ RIT Clark Gym)
10/02/2000 The Tragically Hip (Rochester, NY @ Auditorium Center)
10/07/2000 Stone Temple Pilots, Disturbed, Liquid Gang (Buffalo, NY @ SUNY Buffalo Alumni Arena)
10/24/2000 POD, (hed)pe, Project86 (Rochester, NY @ Water Street)
10/31/2000 (hed)pe, Agent Me (Buffalo, NY @ The Sideshow)
11/18/2000 3 Doors Down, Shades Apart, Dust For Life (Geneseo, NY @ Kuhl Gym)
12/05/2000 Orgy, Lifehouse, Dust For Life (Buffalo, NY @ Sideshow Music Hall)
12/31/2000 The Tea Party, Treble Charger, Velour, Oui73 (Buffalo, NY @ Buffalo Convention Center)
Hatebreed – 2000 – Under the Knife
Kid Rock – 2000 – History of Rock
Lynyrd Skynyrd – 2000 – All Time Greatest Hits
Slash's Snakepit – 2000 – Ain't Life Grand
The Beatles – 2000 – 1
Mudvayne – 2000 – L.D. 50
Chimaira – 2000 – This Present Darkness
Shadows Fall – 2000 – Of One Blood
Tool – 2000 – Salival
New Found Glory – 2000 – From the Screen to Your Stereo
New Found Glory – 2000 – New Found Glory
Nickelback – 2000 – The State
Nine Inch Nails – 2000 – Things Falling Apart
Nonpoint – 2000 – Statement
Nothingface – 2000 – Violence
Orgy – 2000 – Vapor Transmission
Pantera – 2000 – Reinventing the Steel
Papa Roach – 2000 – Infest
Pearl Jam – 2000 – Binaural
Pearl Jam – 2000 – Light Years
Pearl Jam – 2000 – Nothing as It Seems
Pearl Jam – 2000 – 04/6/00 – Manchester Evening News Arena – Manchester England [LIVE]
Poe – 2000 – Haunted
Primer 55 – 2000 – Introduction to Mayhem
Rage Against The Machine – 2000 – Renegades
Soundtrack – 2000 – Scream 3
Saron Gas – 2000 – Fragile
Sevendust – 2000 – Home
Sister Hazel – 2000 – Fortress
Sixty Watt Shaman – 2000 – Seed of Decades
Slipknot – 2000 – Slipknot
Snapcase – 2000 – Designs for Automotion
Soulfly – 2000 – Primitive
Static-X – 2000 – The Death Trip Continues
The Doors – 2000 – Stoned Immaculate: The Music of the Doors
Various Artists – 2000 – Strait Up
Sunna – 2000 – One Minute Science
Strength In Numbers – 2000 – Lost Society
Various Artists – 2000 – Take a Bite Outta Rhyme: A Rock Tribute to Rap
Tea Party – 2000 – Tangents
Tidewater Grain – 2000 – Here on the Outside
Tonic – 2000 – Sugar EP
The Tragically Hip – 2000 – Music @ Work
Ultraspank – 2000 – Progress
Wide Mouth Mason – 2000 – Stew
Factory 81 – 2000 – Mankind
Various Artists – 2000 – Family Values Tour 1999
Finger Eleven – 2000 – Greyest of Blue Skies
Fuel – 2000 – Something Like Human
Fuel – 2000 – Hemorrhage (In My Hands)
Full Devil Jacket – 2000 – Full Devil Jacket
Godsmack – 2000 – Awake
Green Day – 2000 – Warning
Various Artists – 2000 – Heavy Metal 2000
(hed) pe – 2000 – Broke
Hollowpoint – 2000 – Demo 2000
Karlson & McKenzie – 2000 – Karlson & McKenzie
B.B. King / Eric Clapton – 2000 – Riding With The King
Lifehouse – 2000 – No Name Face
Linkin Park – 2000 – Hybrid Theory
Limp Bizkit – 2000 – Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water
Liquid Gang – 2000 – Sunshine
Various Artists – 2000 – Loud Rocks
Lucky Boys Confusion – 2000 – Soapbox Spectacle
Matchbox Twenty – 2000 – Mad Season
Moist – 2000 – Push (American M5&D Version)
Shawn Mullins – 2000 – Beneath The Velvet Sun
Deftones – 2000 – Change in the House of Flies
Deftones – 2000 – White Pony (Re-Release)
Deftones – 2000 – White Pony
Disturbed – 2000 – The Sickness
Bon Jovi – 2000 – Crush
Soundtrack – 2000 – Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2
Jeff Buckley – 2000 – Mystery White Boy: Live '95-'96
Chi Cheng – 2000 – The Bamboo Parachute
Cold – 2000 – Something Wicked This Way Comes
Cold – 2000 – 13 Ways To Bleed Onstage
Cold – 2000 – Project 13
Cypress Hill – 2000 – Skull & Bones
3 Doors Down – 2000 – The Better Life
6gig – 2000 – Tincan Experiment
A Perfect Circle – 2000 – Mer de Noms
A Perfect Circle – 2000 – The Hollow
A Perfect Circle – 2000 – Judith
Alice In Chains – 2000 – Live
Black Label Society – 2000 – Stronger Than Death
Kid Rock – 2000 – Only God Knows Why
Will Hoge – 2000 – All Night Long – Live At The Exit-In
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10/26/2019 Mike Doughty, The Ghost of Mr. Oberon (Rochester, NY @ Flour City Station)
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text:
Developing Virtues in the Practice of Science
Unity of Virtues and the Practice of Science
Author: Emanuele Ratti
The alleged (epistemic) connection between intellectual virtues and scientific practice has generated an interesting debate in the history and philosophy of science. To put it very simply, the contentious issue is on whether in order to be a good scientist you need to be virtuous too. The debate stemmed from Pierre Duhem's idea that moral qualities of some sorts (like virtues) are necessary even in science, which is usually considered as a merely epistemic enterprise. In particular, in his book German Science – Some Reflections on German Science: German Science and German Virtues, Duhem said: "In the realm of every science, but more particularly in the realm of history, the pursuit of the truth not only requires intellectual abilities, but also calls for moral qualities: rectitude, probity, detachment from all interest and all passions" (p 43).
Milena Ivanova and Cedric Paternotte have recently published an article about this issue. The article supports multiple theses, but here I want to focus on just one of the authors' assumptions. Ivanova and Paternotte advance the thesis that virtues are not necessary to be a good scientist. The good scientist is here understood as the epistemically successful scientist. We may debate over the equation "good scientist = successful scientist," but this is not the topic of this post. Ivanova and Paternotte support the idea of virtues as non-necessary in science by means of a historical example. Louis Pasteur in the 1860s tried to undermine the view according to which life can spontaneously generate itself without the presence of a parent organism. This theory is called 'spontaneous generation', and it was in opposition with his germ theory. Pasteur claimed in public that the experiments supporting this theory were flawed, and hence the evidence for spontaneous generation was weak, if not worse. However, historical evidence has shown that Pasteur was not that transparent because his notebook reveals that he had gathered evidence in favor of spontaneous generation. Moreover, it has also been shown that he was convinced of germ theory mainly because of bias, even though the evidence was not decisive. Nonetheless, it seems that Pasteur was right; spontaneous generation is false while his germ theory was surely a case of epistemic success as defined above. Ivanova and Paternotte conclude that Pasteur – no doubt a successful scientist – had vices, and these vices were what drove Pasteur to the defeat of alternative theories to his germ theory. Therefore, vices can be beneficial to science.In 2007, David Stump published an article where he explicitly made the connection between the field of virtue epistemology (that emphasizes the role of virtues in knowledge formation) and Pierre Duhem. In other words, Stump tried to make the case that Duhem was a virtue epistemologist ante litteram. This article has generated a series of criticisms. Sometimes critics focused on the claim about Duhem, but then the debate has moved to the general question about the connection between scientific practice and the cultivation of virtues.
One may criticize the historical reconstruction of this particular episode. An alternative strategy is to ask whether Ivanova and Paternotte are actually saying that Pasteur behaved viciously or whether that he was motivated by the willingness to deceive. If the latter, then evidence for this claim should be provided. If the former, Ivanova and Paternotte are assuming a strong thesis, namely, the fact that you cannot be virtuous if you are vicious in one respect. In other words, they are assuming a very strong version of the unity of virtues.
The idea of the unity of virtues is widely discussed especially in the literature interpreting Aristotle or Thomas Aquinas' theory of virtues (see for instance this article). I cannot spell out such a big debate in a blog post, but in a nutshell the idea is that there is an intimate connection between phronesis (or prudentia) and moral virtues such that you cannot have one without having the others and vice versa. Aristotle (and Aquinas too) in particular was trying to say that virtues are interdependent, and that a person cannot be properly called 'good' (at least according to specific theories of good) when virtues are separated and co-exist with vices. Ivanova and Patenotte uncritically assume such idea, and they suggest that if you are vicious in one respect, then you are vicious all the way down. Since Pasteur was dishonest when trying to refute the theory of spontaneous generation, then he was a vicious person. But even Aquinas, when he distinguishes between perfect and imperfect virtues, seems to suggest that there can be virtues coexisting with vices (cf. Summa Theologiae I-II, q. 63, a. 2). These would not properly count as 'virtues', but they will be called 'imperfect virtues', and they will be an inclination to do some kind of good resembling perfect virtue. Let me just discuss imperfect virtues.
There are several examples in the history of science of scientists who were vicious in one respect, but virtuous (though imperfectly) in others. Take for instance the paradoxical case of James Watson and Francis Crick; their behavior (especially Watson's) with respect to Rosalind Franklin has been a source of blame. Allegedly, Watson and Crick 'stole' – or at least used without permission – Franklin's data. While Watson and Crick are not considered as exemplars of virtuous human beings, they nonetheless embody the intellectual virtue of open-mindedness (or at least they behaved in scientific practice as if they were open-minded). Consider the following episode. The relation between DNA and amino acids was an important challenge for biology in the 1950s and 1960s. As with other biochemists and molecular biologists, Watson and Crick had the data but the interpretation of data was difficult and ambiguous. The physicist George Gamow, in a letter sent Crick and Watson after he read their 1953 article, treated the problem of the relation between nucleotides and amino acids as a coding problem, with nucleotides forming a code used then to translate DNA into amino acids. While Crick and Watson – especially Crick – soon realized that Gamow's specific solution was untenable, still they thought that treating the problem as a coding problem had its merits. As Lily Kay noted in her book Who Wrote the Book of Life, Gamow was "the first to define what became 'the coding problem' and (…) visualized heredity as a process of information transfer, operating via a code" (p 128). It is exactly because they were 'open-minded' in considering any idea coming from any field that they were able to recognize the importance of Gamow's strategy (though being also critical), which served as a guiding principle for 'cracking the code'. In other words, while being vicious in some respects, this did not prevent Watson and Crick of being virtuous in another.
These considerations raise important issues. For instance, issues about how we should understand the unity of virtues, whether the ideal of perfect virtue is attainable or if we should be just fine with 'imperfect virtues', to what extent and how a vice can prevent the cultivation of virtues, and whether we can elaborate a more general theory of trade offs between virtues.
Originally published by Emanuele Ratti at ctshf.nd.edu on March 02, 2017.
Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA Phone (574) 631-7835 dnarvaez@nd.edu


Jesus enters the temple and engages in a highly political act as he drives out those selling the animals for sacrifice and the money-changers. It is not so much an attack on the sacrificial system but an attack upon the temple economy that was taking advantage of the poor. Doves would be the animal sacrifice of choice for the poor, others may well sacrifice more expensive animals, the temple held the monopoly and it's traders could keep the prices high. Before people could pay their so-called temple tax their money had to be changed to coins from Tyre which did not have the Emperor's head upon them. In attacking the temple in this way Jesus was attacking the priestly aristocracy who were making money out of this temple trade. It was not surprising that in the accounts in Mark's Gospel and Luke's Gospel the religious leaders begin to plot against Jesus, looking for ways to kill him.
In the synoptic Gospels this story of the "temple cleansing" comes towards the end, here in John's Gospel it is towards the beginning probably because it brings out the conflict between Jesus and "the Jews" that is found in this Gospel. Jesus' opponents want to know Jesus' credentials for doing this thing, they want a sign. Jesus refuses to provide a sign but he tells them that if the Temple is destroyed he will raise it up in three days. It brings to mind words in the Synoptic Gospels used by accusers at his trial and then repeated to Jesus upon the cross that he would destroy the temple and raise it up in three days. For the followers of Jesus if the edifice of the temple is destroyed the new temple will be his body.
I have called Jesus' action political it has also been described as a prophetic action, the message, akin to that of the Old Testament prophets before him who criticised exaggerated religious demands at the expense of God's justice.
I wonder how many of you watched the television drama "Broken" written by Jimmy McGovern. The central character in the series is Father Michael Kerrigan, a Roman Catholic priest played by Sean Bean. One of the other characters, Roz Demichelis, was addicted to gambling machines and steals money from her workplace to continue gambling. She is ashamed and commits suicide. In the final episode Roz's daughter, Chloe, takes a sledge-hammer to the machines by way of revenge. Father Michael preaches a sermon based on the cleansing of the temple and he, and members of the parish, go and smash the machines too.
those who are the victims of destructive forces.
than with truth and righteousness that lie at its heart.
The Rev'd Dr David Whiting is the Minister of the Sunderland and Boldon Partnership.


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» Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam's Path Of Education And Achievements
Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam's Path Of Education And Achievements
oi-Staff
Updated: Tuesday, October 15, 2019, 14:35 [IST]
It has been three years since India's great scientist Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam demised. Here, we share some of the memorable and most interesting facts about him.
Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam was born in India on October 15, 1931. He is called as India's lifelong scientist, for his prominent role in India's 1998 nuclear weapons tests, after which he became a national hero.
Top 10 Abdul Kalam Books For Students
In 2002, he was elected as India's 11th President. He was located at Rameswaram, in Tamil Nadu.
Also Read: Famous Quotes by Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam
He came from a poor background and started working at an early age to supplement his family's income. After completing his school, he distributed newspapers by which he could contribute to his father's income. He was an average student in his school days.
Also Read: A Teacher Forever: A P J Abdul Kalam
He was said to be a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn and spend hours on his studies, especially mathematics.
Kalam is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.
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text:
Сплайсосома — структура, що складається з молекул РНК і білків і що здійснює видалення некодуючих послідовностей (інтронів) з попередників мРНК під час процесингу РНК. Цей процес називається сплайсингом (від  — зрощення, стикування). Сплайсосому складають п'ять малих ядерних рибонуклеопротеїнів (мяРНП, у їх склад входять мяРНК) і деяка кількість додаткових білкових факторів.

Ці процеси здійснюються мяРНП, що містяться в сплайсосомі, які називаються U1, U2, U4, U5 і U6, та більш ніж 100 білками, які не асоційовані з процесом сплайсингу. Вони беруть участь в багатьох взаємодіях між молекулами РНК, а також між РНК і білками. РНК-частина мяРНП багата урацилом.

У загальному випадку збірка сплайсосоми відбувається заново для кожного мРНК-попередника (пре-мРНК). Молекула пре-мРНК обов'язково містить специфічні фрагменти послідовності, що розпізнаються під час збірки сплайсосоми. Це 5'-кінець, послідовність точки відгалуження, поліпирімідинова ділянка і 3'-кінець.

Сплайсосома каталізує видалення проміжних послідовностей і з'єднання сусідніх екзонів. Інтрони зазвичай визначаються по наявності послідовності GU на 5'-кінці і послідовностей AG на 3'-кінці. 3'-кінець може бути також визначений по ланцюжку поліпіримідинів різної довжини, званої поліпіримідиновим трактом (ППТ). ППТ виконують функцію скріплення факторів з 3'-кінцем, а також, можливо, зв'язування факторів з послідовністю точки відгалуження (ПТВ). ПТВ, у свою чергу, містить багато аденіну, потрібного для початку сплайсинга.

Група менш поширених мяРНП — U11, U12, U4atac і U6atac — входить разом з U5 в склад малої сплайсосоми, що виконує сплайсинг рідкісних інтронів пре-мРНК, званих інтронами типу U12.

Дослідження сплайсосоми
Ранні дослідження, в першу чергу порівняння послідовностей кДНК і геномних клонів, показали, що інтрони були широко поширені у вищих еукаріотичних генах. Ці аналізи також виявили наявність консенсусних та консервативні послідовності, які створюють межі інтронів.

Проте, біохімічний аналіз сплайсингу довів існування неклітинних систем (екстрактів отриманих з клітин), які були здатні каталізувати ефективне і точне зшивання синтетичних пре-мРНК. Наявність таких систем сприяла з'ясуванню механізму сплайсингу і дозволила  ідентифікувати клітинні  компоненти, які є необхідними для цього процесу.

Безліч експериментів, в тому числі седиментаційний аналіз показав, що, при інкубації з екстрактом, премРНК утворювали комплекси, аналогічні за розміром до рибосом. Пізніше було встановлено, що ці структури були сплайсосомами, які здійснювали сплайсинг мРНК.

Відкриття сплайсосоми призвело до інтенсивного вивчення механізму цього процесу та встановлення структури цієї системи.

Сплайсинг РНК

Робота Шарпа і Робертса, опублікована в 1977 році, показала, що гени вищих організмів «розсіяні», тобто зберігаються в декількох різних ділянках ДНК. Кодуючі відрізки гена перемежаються з некодуючою ДНК, яка не використовується при експресії генів. «Розсіяна» структура гена була виявлена, коли аденовірусна мРНК була схрещена з фрагментами моноспіралі ДНК, що залишилася після дії ендонуклеази. Після такого схрещування з'ясувалося, що мРНК-ділянки цих гібридних молекул мРНК-ДНК містять 5'- і 3'-кінці ділянок, що не мали воднемих зв'язків. Довші відрізки ДНК при гібридизації закільцевувалися і утворювали відгалуження. Стало ясно, що ці закільцьовані ділянки, що містять непотрібні послідовності, витягуються з пре-мРНК в результаті процесу, який і був названий «сплайсингом». Згодом було також з'ясовано, що така розсіяна структура украй широко поширена серед еукаріотичних генів.

Альтернативний сплайсинг, під час якого відбувається рекомбінація екзонів — головне джерело генетичного різноманіття у еукаріотів. Змінному зрощенню зазвичай приписувалася роль причини малої кількості генів в геномі людини. Оцінка їх кількості впродовж багатьох років мінялася, максимальна ж кількість прогнозувалася на рівні 100 тисяч. Проте завдяки проекту геному людини, а також його подальшої анотації, стало відомо, що їх кількість може бути менше 19 тисяч. Разом з тим, загальна кількість відомих білків людини за базою даних UniProt перевищує 154 тисячі станом на липень 2016 року.

Збірка сплайсосоми

Канонічна модель формування активної області сплайсосоми є впорядкованим покроковим процесом з'єднання одиниць мяРНП на підкладці пре-мРНК. Під час первинного розпізнавання пре-мРНК відбувається зв'язування мярРНП U1 з 5'-стиком пре-мРНК, а також формування з інших білкових факторів фіксаційного комплексу або раннього комплексу (Е-комплексу) для ссавців. Фіксаційний комплекс — АТФ-незалежна формація, що утримує пре-мРНК для здійснення сплайсингу.

Малий ядерний рибонуклеопротєїн U2 зв'язується з областю відгалуження за рахунок взаємодії з компонентом Е-комплексу U2AF (допоміжним фактором мяРНП U2) і, можливо, з U1. В результаті АТФ-залежної реакції U2 утворює міцний зв'язок з послідовністю точки відгалуження (ПТВ), тим самим формуючи комплекс А. Подвійний зв'язок між U2 і областю відгалуження пре-мРНК витягує аденін з ланцюжка, що відгалужується. Присутність в U2 псевдоуридинових залишків практично напроти області відгалуження приводить до зміни конфігурації зв'язків РНК-РНК під час зв'язування з U2. Ці зміни структури, викликані псевдоуридином, поміщають 2-OH-групу витягнутого аденіну в положення, що дозволяє зробити перший крок сплайсингу.

U4, U5 і U6, що зв'язуються з утворенням більшого потрійного мяРНП, зв'язуються із сплайсосомою, що збирається, і формують комплекс В, який після деяких проміжних перегруповувань субодиниць перетворюється на комплекс C — власне сплайсосому, яка приступає до каталізу сплайсингу.

Неясно, яким чином потрійний мяРНП U4-U5-U6 зв'язується з комплексом А. Цей процес може бути опосередуваним взаємодією між білками, так само як і взаємодіями між нуклеотидами мяРНК, що входять до складу U2 і U6.

U5 взаємодіє з послідовностями на 5'- і 3'-кінцях сплайсингової ділянки за рахунок інваріантної петлі мяРНК, що входить до його складу. Білкові компоненти U5 взаємодіють з 3-регіоном сплайсингової ділянки.

Після зв'язування з потрійним мяРНП і перед початком сплайсингу в сплайсосомі відбувається безліч змін конфігурації зв'язків РНК-РНК. Ці зміни продовжуються сплайсосомі, що вже почала роботу. Багато взаємодій між РНК є взаємовиключними, проте досі неясно, що викликає ці взаємодії і завдяки чому дотримується їх порядок.

Перше перетворення — це, можливо, зсув U1 з 5'-кінця сплайсингової ділянки і виникнення там зв'язку з U6. Відомо, що U1 слабо пов'язаний з тією, що діє сплайсосомою, а також є інгібітором для утворення зв'язку між U6 і 5-концом (показано на прикладі короткого ланцюжка РНК, 5-экзон, що містить, і 5-конец сплайсингової ділянки).

Зв'язування U2 з ПТВ — ще один приклад взаємодії між РНК і білками. При зв'язуванні U2 із сплайсосомою, білок Е-комплексу SF1, що зв'язується з ділянкою відгалуження, витісняється, оскільки наявність U2 виключає його зв'язування з цією ділянкою. Усередині самого U2 також відбуваються деякі взаємовиключні зміни конфігурації. Наприклад, в його активній формі, виникає шпилька IIa, а неактивній же формі домінує взаємодія між шпилькою і подальшою ділянкою ланцюжка.

Неясно, за рахунок чого U4 відділяється від U6. Вважається, що в збірці сплайсосоми бере участь декілька геліказ, які можуть розкручувати РНК в зв'язці U4-U6 і таким чином спрощувати формування зв'язку U2-U6.

Зв'язки між шпильками I і II в мяРНП U4 і U6 розриваються, і ділянка шпильки II U6, що звільнилася, згортається сама на собі з утворенням внутрішньомолекулярної шпильки. Після цього потреба в U4 відпадає. Ділянка шпильки I U6, що звільнилася, зв'язується з мяРНК U2 з утворенням U2-U6-спіралі I. Структура спіралі I, проте, взаємовиключна з 3'-половиною ділянки внутрішньої 5'-шпильки мяРНК U2.

Динаміка РНК-РНК взаємодій у сплайсосомі
Хоча точну роль багатьох окремих складових сплайсосоми ще належить визначити, їх основною функцією є організація складної серії мяРНК /пре-мРНК і мяРНК /мяРНК взаємодій.

Після завершення збірки сплайсосоми, U1  є основним в парі із 50-сплайсинг сайтом, U2 snRNP є основним в парі з точкою  розгалуження, U5 snRNP вступає в контакт з 50 екзоном, U4 і U6 мяРНП; вони з'єднуються між собою за допомогою великої кількості зв'язків.

Протягом першого перегрупування, базове сполучення між U1 мяРНК і ділянкою сплайсингу 50 порушується і замінюється взаємодією спарювання основ між U6 мяРНК і 50 сайту сплайсингу. Одночасно з цим, U4 і U6 розмотуються (деконденсуються) і U6 мяРНК утворює багато основних взаємодій з U2 мяРНК.

Велика кількість досліждень доводить самочинність мяРНК-опосередкованого каталізу. Дійсно, фрагменти U2 мяРНК і U6 мяРНК здатні каталізувати реакцію, аналогічну першому ступеню сплайсингу в повній відсутності кофакторів відповідних білка.

Як бачимо, сплайсосома, як і  рибосома, є в рибозимом.

Див. також
 Альтернативний сплайсинг
 Поліаденілування
 Кеп
 Протеасома
 Реплісома
 Рибосома

Примітки

Джерела
 Chapter 12, pp 311 7th ed, Vishal.
 Alberts, Bruce. Bray, Dennis. Hookin, Karen. Johnson, Alexander, Lewis, Julian, Raff, Martin, Roberts, Keith. Walter, Peter. essential cell biology Second edition, GS Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, NEW YORK AND LONDON.

Зовнішні посилання

Експресія генів


text:
Actor Kwak Jin-young in hospital recovering from attempted suicide
Actor Kwak Jin-young on SBS show ″Young Fire.″ [SBS]
Local media reported Thursday that actor Kwak Jin-young attempted to take her own life on Wednesday and is currently in the hospital receiving treatment.
According to her acquaintances, Kwak was found unconscious in a kimchi company that she runs after having taken multiple pills and was rushed to a nearby hospital in Yeosu, South Jeolla.
She is said to have regained consciousness this morning.
Kwak rose to stardom through 1992 television drama series "Son and Daughter" and appeared in "Years of Upheaval" (1991), "All My Love For You" (1994) and "Seoul Nocturne" (1995) on MBC. In 2010 she became the CEO of her own kimchi company and recently appeared on SBS variety show "Young Fire" in October.
While reasons for her attempted suicide are unknown, in an episode of "Young Fire" in October, the actor said she had been receiving malicious comments online.
If you or someone you know is feeling emotionally distressed or struggling with thoughts of suicide, LifeLine Korea can be contacted at 1588-9191. The Seoul Global Center offers English-language counseling. Contact 02-2075-4180 to arrange a session. Other international helplines can be found at www.befrienders.org
Kwak Jin-young attempted suicide
Trot singer Hong Jin-young to release an EP in December
Collaboration between Rain, Park Jin-young will release debut song on New Year's Eve
Hong Jin-young hopes to become the Empress of Trot
Ko Jin-young to end 2-month break at Autech Championship
Daegu mayor under fire after Pfizer fraudsters trick council


Uhh … he didn't visit his player laid up in the hospital with cranial bleeding? While he let the guy who put him there practice for two days? Way to look out for your guys, coach.
New Mexico's defense gave up 704 yards in total offense to Utah State. They trailed 52-5 at halftime. The Lobos are not good.
UNM is expected to start Murrieta favorite son and ASU grad transfer Coltin Gerhart at quarterback, their third starter this year. Coltin is the younger brother of former Stanford and NFL running back Toby Gerhart.
San Diego State leads the all-time series 26-12 dating back to 1976. The Aztecs have won six straight since 2008, when Rocky Long's Lobos crushed SDSU 70-7 in his final season in Albuquerque.
Long, of course, was New Mexico's starting quarterback from 1969-71. Rock threw for 2,390 yards with nine touchdowns and 23 interceptions as a Lobo, while rushing for 2,071 yards and 21 TDs.
New Mexico has been playing Division I football since 1931, when the school played in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association with Arizona, ASU, Northern Arizona and New Mexico State.
Juwan Washington, Christian Chapman and fullback Isaac Lessard are all expected to play but not start. That is a weird sentence I would not have guessed would ever be written.
The game broadcast is relegated to ESPNU again, this time with the marquee announcing team of Mark Neely and John Congemi — whomever they might be — calling it from a broom closet in Bristol probably.
Here's tape of New Mexico getting thoroughly bullied and giving up a 100-yard pick six at Utah State last week.
How did Rocky Long put up with coaching at New Mexico? His sideline "Sunday Best" is a polo — at most — while Alford was out there looking like a goddamned realtor in that red blazer.
p.s. This is the only red Blazer Rocky Long is interested in.
I'm so tired of picking the Tecs to shatter the vaunted 28-point barrier only to see their offense get stuck in neutral against an opponent they should absolutely smash. That said; I am a stupid, stupid person.
The Nevada game was very winnable, losing it sucked and the Aztecs know it. Rock gets to refocus his squad on the real goal all along — a conference championship — while getting reps for what used to be his starting backfield. Rock knows this place like the scarred, battled-tested back of his hand. It won't be close.


This easy to apply clear coating will protect almost anything from corrosion, UV damage, and more. Originally developed for military and aviation applications, this tough flexible coating has been tested for 2000 F degree temperature, and 4000 hours of salt spray resistance. It won't yellow, crack or peel, and isn't affected by solvents or chemicals. Great for keeping polished aluminum at its mirror finish best. Use it to protect metal brake and fuel lines, as well as other under car parts. Protects without adding a glossy finish.
A nearly impervious coating for protecting nearly any surface without adding a glossy finish.
Meets EPA requirements with no chromates or lead ingredients.
Remains flexible and clear, and won't yellow with time.
Great for car and motorcycle parts, as well as boats, stainless steel appliances, patio furniture, brass doorknobs and more.
4 oz covers approximately 110 square feet. Kit includes ExoArmour coating, rubber gloves and lint free application wiper.
Eastwood ExoArmour is a two-component formulation with some very unique properties which require special attention and handling during the mixing stage before application. When Part A and Part B are combined, they will initially repel each other as will oil and water. It may require up to 1 full hour of periodic stirring to fully become hydrolyzed. At this point the mixture will have an opaque, yellowish appearance. This is completely normal.
The Eastwood ExoArmour must be applied in a very thin film. A cured film thickness of 0.0003" is normal. If higher film thickness is desired, apply in multiple coats.
The surface to be coated with Eastwood ExoArmour must be thoroughly cleaned and completely free of any oily deposits, polishes or any type of surface contaminates. Use Eastwood #10041Z PRE, Pre-Painting Prep or a good quality acetone. Failure to do so will diminish the products' ability to offer full protection.
Apply Eastwood Exo-Armour in temperatures above 70°F [21° C] and humidity less than 70%.
Eastwood Exo-Armour should be allowed to fully cure for 5 full days before subjecting film to abrasion or rough contact.
If Eastwood Exo-Armour must be removed, use chemical strippers or abrasive blasting.


In a new series showcasing successful grant applications, we look at Heidi Albin, GetEdFunding subscriber and high school teacher at Complete High School Maize in Kansas. Heidi won the Growing Communities: Modeling School and Community Collaborations for Specialty Crops grant from the Kansas Department of Agriculture.
Heidi's proposal was for a community garden at her high school where students could learn to grow their own food. After winning the grant, Heidi was able to fulfill her goal to create a garden that is handicap accessible. Elementary classrooms can reserve plots in the garden area and high school students work with the elementary children to help them garden. Additionally, Heidi invites nursing home residents to garden with the students in this intergenerational project.
Click here to read her full proposal. We have also included her letters of recommendation as examples.


text:
Ромела Бегај  (, Тирана 2. новембар 1981) је албанска такмичарка у дизању тегова у тежинској категорији до 58 кг. Члан је клуба Партизан из Тиране, а тренер јој је Хектор Шакири.

Спортска каријера
Ромела Бегај је учествовала на Олимпијским играма у 2008. у Пекингу, где је у категорији до 58 кг са укупним резултатом од 216 кг освојила шесто место. У истој дисциплини четири године касније у Лондону је била једанаеста.

На европским првенствима је освојила четири медаље: сребрна је била 2008. у Лињано Сабијадору, 2010. у Минску и 2012. у Анталији, а бронзана 2009. у Букурешту.

Године 2011. у Паризу је учествовала на Светском првенству и била је 8. на свету.

Извори

Спољашње везе

 Профил на сајту IWF
 Профил и олимпијски резултати на сдајту sports-reference

Рођени 1981.
Албански дизачи тегова
Дизање тегова на Летњим олимпијским играма 2008.
Албански олимпијци на Летњим олимпијским играма 2008.
Дизање тегова на Летњим олимпијским играма 2012.
Албански олимпијци на Летњим олимпијским играма 2012.
Тиранци


FROM TIDEWATER VIRGINIA AND POINTS SOUTH: Take VA State RT 17 across the Coleman Bridge (York River). Continue on RT 17 North towards Gloucester. Bear right off RT 17 onto Business RT 17 to downtown Gloucester. Turn right onto VA State RT 3 West. Stay on RT 3 West, crossing the Rappahannock River Bridge to White Stone. Turn left in White Stone onto RT 200 to Irvington. Turn left on RT 635. Turn left on Seafood Lane.
FROM FREDERICKSBURG AND POINTS NORTH: Take I-95 South to Fredericksburg. Take RT 3 East through Fredericksburg to White Stone. Turn right in White Stone onto RT 200 to Irvington. Turn left on RT 635. Turn left on Seafood Lane.
FROM RICHMOND AND POINTS WEST: Take I-64 East to Exit 220. Follow VA State RT33 East through the towns of West Point and Saluda. Approximately 7 miles after passing through Saluda, turn left onto VA State RT 3 West. Follow RT 3 West across the Rappahannock River Bridge to White Stone onto RT 200 to Irvington. Turn left on RT 635. Turn left on Seafood Lane.
Custom Yacht Service is located at Lat 37 degrees, 39.31 minutes North, Longitude 76 degrees, 25.25 minutes West. From the Chesapeake Bay, travel up Virginia's Rappahannock River ten miles to Carter's Creek (on the north shore of the River).
Transit the marked entry channel into Carters Creek. Once through the entrance channel, head easterly along the Eastern Branch of the Creek. One half mile past G 1, on the Eastern Branch, Custom Yacht Service will be off your port side.


text:
Volkswagen's Emission Scandal, Free Essay for Students
Categories: Volkswagen Air pollution
The Overview of the Emission Scandal
The Volkswagen Group is driven by its mission that guides the operations in production and marketing its products. Among the policies is the environmental policy that is meant to ensure that the company operates within the minimum environmental pollution standards. However, the company's employees, with the knowledge of the organizational leadership conducted unethical act of cheating during the emission tests. The installation of a device to indicate emission levels that met the environmental act regulations became a scandal in 2014 after the discovery of the cheat garget.
Effects of the VW Emission Standards
The knowledge of the cheat device spread to other world markets and had the following effects:
The company recorded a significant drop in profits
The firm experienced a downward flow of its shares in the market
While other brands has better sale, the cars with the VW brand had worst sale.
The wealth and revenues declined due to bills such as fines and the recall cost.
The VW Group Response
The management admitted publicly about the cheat device
The Chief executive officer, Michael resigned
The company allocated a budget to facilitate the recall of the faulty vehicles
There are several ethical issues that the company failed to meet in its operations. The collaboration of the management and the employees to install the cheat emission device was unethical. The VW Group need therefore to ensure strict adherence to its policies of which the environmental regulation is among them. If the firm had taken a different option in relation to meeting the pollution regulation criteria, the losses in revenue and the legal costs would not have occurred. To enhance ethics in the management, the firm needs to enhance communication as an important tool in ensuring integrity and transparency.
Volkswagen Emission Impacts
Business is currently one of the essential activities that human beings engage. Almost all the events involve a factor that relates to business in one way or another. Business operations are currently the fundamental pillar in building the world, and as such, there exist various implications for ethics in the business fraternity. Business ethics can be described as the excellent characteristics that regulate an individuals' or an organization's behavior. Multiple individuals or stakeholders in an organization have portrayed wrong business behavior. Business ethics associated with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
Numerous incidents depict how business has performed their responsibility in ways that are morally right and also wrong in other cases. Most companies ignore moral ethics in their activities, for instance, Apple with Foxconn and Walmart with incidences of mistreating employees. Volkswagen portrayed organizations can ignore the significance of business ethics in their operations in the present era.
The Volkswagen Group who is famous for their automobiles faced allegations from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in violation of the Clean Air Act. The EPA discovered that the VW Company had installed programmed diesel engines to facilitate particular emission regulations. This paper intends to describe how the VW management initiated the installation of the cheat device and how the company's leadership engaged its staff to participate in the vice. The paper also intends to state and describe how the scandal unfolded relates the organization's environmental policy to the scandal. Moreover, the essay suggests possible recommendations to the company and other firms in general about environmental ethics, the importance of ecological conservation and the possible strategies for pollution prevention.
Overview of the Emission Incident
In the year 2014, researchers surveyed the VW diesel-burning vehicles. The report realized a discrepancy in the levels of emission between the laboratory tests emissions and the actual driving status. The researchers later realized that the differences in the levels were due to the installation software with the authority of the VW management. The defeat garget gave vehicles the ability to falsely indicate emission levels that were adhering to the standards recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency EPA. The actual driving situations stated emission degrees that were over 30 times the quantity of toxic substances permitted by the EPA. Modern motor vehicles depend on computers for their operation and receiving information from various sources. The company engaged this knowledge to manipulate the levels of nitrogen oxide readings on the meter. Investigations from EPA further revealed that the gargets could recognize whether the mobility of the car was for laboratory tests or actual conditions (Zhakypova, 2017). Moreover, the researchers drew a correlation between the emission levels and impacts on human life. The findings estimated that the emissions led to 59 premature deaths, over 31 bronchitis cases and approximately 34 admissions to health centers. It is discouraging the company faced such an environmental scandal when the firm had received the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes award for sustainability in its production. The EPA announced the breach of the environmental standards just after the firm had won the award.
The VW Group Environmental Policy
Although motor vehicle companies manufacture their products with the aim of enhancing mobility, there is the need for the firms to accept the environmental responsibilities that accompany their products. Volkswagen, in its efforts to meet one of its ethical business requirements, endeavors to improve the environmental compatibility of its cars. The company also accepts the role of promoting conservation of natural resources and energy. The company's environmental policy also aims to develop technology that is environmentally efficient worldwide. Among the strategies of VW Group to achieve these targets on environmental policy is cooperation with the society and policy authorities to initiate environmental and social gains.
Volkswagen policy insists that all the activities production should limit its environmental effects to a minimum and to offer solutions to environmental issues. To conserve nature, the company also aims at producing high-quality automobiles that satisfy the needs of customers pertaining environmental compliance as well as the economical aspect (Katz-Rosene, 2015). The company also strives to ensure continuous improvement of its production sector and its cars especially about environmental compliance. The company, therefore, has an environmental management department responsible for quality production. The Volkswagen Board of Management further inspects to ensure the adherence to the environmental regulations in place and proper functioning of the environmental management system. The management also extends the importance of the environment to its workers through training and motivation to obey environmental protection.
The Accusations against VW Group
Volkswagen Group marketed its vehicles possessing low emission engines in a push to increase its market bases in the United States. Allegations hit the Volkswagen that the cars in the American market had faulty software in their diesel engines. The Volkswagen Company accepted the blame for lying in the emission tests results. The Environmental Protection Agency, EPA discovered that over 482000 cars in the US market had wrong emission tests results (Odeneye, 2017). The motor vehicles in the category with false emission results included the VW models, Audi A3 Jetta, Beetle, Golf and the Passat. Although the American market was the main region to experience the scandal, the firm also confirmed that globally, the total number of cars with faulty emission software was approximately 11 million cars.
Moreover, EPA laid allegations on the VW company that it had modifies the 3 liters diesel engines installed on some Audis. A survey indicated that almost 10000 vehicles had changed engines. In addition to the allegations from the EPA, Odeneye, (2017) research work reveals the VW Company itself discovered and announced that almost 800000 cars in Europe had irregularities in the carbon dioxide emission tests. The defects also involved vehicles which had not only diesel engines but also petrol engines.
Extend of VW Group Problems
The scandal, although the first cases occurred in the US, the issues spread to other countries. Various state authorities have doubts and question about the emission tests of the VW cars. Examples of countries with problems with the VW tests are UK, France, Italy, South Korea and Canada. It is further detrimental that Germany, the mother country of the VW Company, launched and carried out investigations about the company's failure. The shares of the company also experienced a downward trend majorly due to them recalling millions of cars from their primary markets.
The profits of the Volkswagen Group, according to surveys, reveal a drop by nearly 20 percent. The stumble in the revenue was due to the continuous fall in the decrease in the sales. The German firm realized a pre-tax profit of approximately 3.2 billion Euros, implying a significant drop from almost 4bn Euros over the same period the year before the scandal. The emission issues made the VW record a loss after a period of over 20 years since the year it experienced such a fall in the revenue.
Moreover, the vehicles with the VW brand experienced the worst hit while the Audi brand had fair sales in the market. The other brands which included the Porsche and the Spanish marque Seat recorded better sales and high profits from its operations. The revenues and the wealth of the firm could face further decline from the bill that arise from the scam. The bill which was at 16bn Euros was likely to increase to 30bn Euros if the Norway's Wealth fund makes a legal response to the firm's emission issue.
The VW Response
Any company tries to maintain its reputation whenever a scandal appears to affect its market base. The firm had various responses to the allegations. Michael Horn, the then chief executive officer, admitted that the VW Company had broken the trust of the public due to the enormous failure in the emission tests. As a professional, the overall blame falls on the head of the company. This scandal led to the resignation of the CEO Michael, and after which, Matthias Mueller assumed the position of the CEO (Odeneye, 2017). The departure is a sign of the head failing to uphold business ethics which should have protected the clients from accessing faulty products. Trust from clients is one of the elements of business social values. The new CEO assuming his office stated that his core responsibility was to win back the confidence that the public initially had in the VW products.
Among the efforts to tackle the scandal, the VW Company set aside approximately EUR6.7 billion to facilitate the process. The company, due to these recalling expenses, posted a loss, an experience they have never faced for over 15 years. The EPA also fined the firm amounting to about $18 billion.
Volkswagen's Emission Scandal, Free Essay for Students. (2022, May 09). Retrieved from https://speedypaper.com/essays/volkswagens-emission-scandal-free-essay-for-students
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text:
Q: Why do raw pointers need the const keyword when references don't? Please reference the code below, for the line which has been commented out. It cannot be compiled by the Rust compiler, meaning we need to specify the constness like *const i32 explicitly for a raw pointer in Rust. But for a reference that is immutable to its pointee, we don't need to specify the constness explicitly like with a raw pointer. So, why does Rust not use a more symmetrical way to express the same meaning for both references and raw pointers, since the reference is actually a pointer under the hood?
fn main() {
    let x1: &i32;
    let x2: &mut i32;
    // let p1: *i32;  // This line doesn't compile!!!
    let p1: *const i32;  // we need to specify the constness explicitly.
    let p2: *mut i32;
}

A: Early versions of Rust (pre-1.0) used *T for const raw pointers (with the same syntax as you note does not work today). RFC 0068 renamed *T to *const T, with justification that it is more error-prone to use *T when transcribing type signatures from existing C code:

The current difference in Rust unsafe pointers types with C pointers types is proving to be too error prone to realistically enable these optimizations at a future date. By renaming Rust's unsafe pointers to closely match their C brethren, the likelihood for erroneously transcribing a signature is diminished.

The RFC also notes (as you do) that this introduces an inconsistency in naming between references and raw pointers:

Today's unsafe pointers design is consistent with the borrowed pointers types in Rust, using the mut qualifier for a mutable pointer, and no qualifier for an "immutable" pointer. Renaming the pointers would be divergence from this consistency, and would also introduce a keyword that is not used elsewhere in the language, const.


text:
Home / India / India condemns terror attack on gurdwara in Kabul
India condemns terror attack on gurdwara in Kabul
We stand ready to extend all possible assistance to the affected families of the Hindu and Sikh community of Afghanistan: MEA
(Representational image) Heavily armed gunmen and suicide bombers stormed a Sikh gurdwara in the heart of Kabul on Wednesday, killing at least 11 worshippers and wounding as many, in one of the deadliest attacks on the minority community in the country
PTI | New Delhi | Published 25.03.20, 10:59 AM
India on Wednesday strongly condemned the terror attack on a gurdwara in Afghanistan's Kabul, saying targeting of a religious place in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak reflects the 'diabolical mindset' of the perpetrators and their backers.
The external affairs ministry said India conveyed its sincerest condolences to the immediate family members of the deceased and wished speedy recovery to the injured.
'India stands ready to extend all possible assistance to the affected families of the Hindu and Sikh community of Afghanistan,' it said.
'Such cowardly attacks on the places of religious worship of the minority community, especially at this time of COVID-19 pandemic, is reflective of the diabolical mindset of the perpetrators and their backers,' the MEA said.
It said India stood in solidarity with the people, the government and the security forces of Afghanistan in their efforts for bringing peace and security to the country.
'We commend the brave Afghan security forces for their valorous response to the attack and their exemplary courage and dedication to protect the Afghan people and secure the country,' the MEA said.
Heavily armed gunmen and suicide bombers stormed a Sikh gurdwara in the heart of Kabul on Wednesday, killing at least 11 worshippers and wounding as many, in one of the deadliest attacks on the minority community in the country.
Sikh Afghanistan Terrorism Gurdwara Kabul