text:
Ocean stratification is the natural separation of an ocean's water into horizontal layers by density. The ocean is naturally stably stratified because warm water sits on top of cold water, and heating from the sun reinforces that arrangement. Stratification is reduced by mechanical wind-based mixing, but reinforced by convection (warm water rising, cold water sinking). Stratification occurs in all ocean basins and also in other water bodies. Stratified layers act as a barrier to the mixing of water, which impacts the exchange of heat, carbon, oxygen and other nutrients. The surface mixed layer is the uppermost layer in the ocean and is well mixed by mechanical (wind) and thermal (convection) effects. Climate change is causing the upper ocean stratification to increase.

Due to upwelling and downwelling, which are both wind-driven, mixing of different layers can occur through the rise of cold nutrient-rich and warm water, respectively. Generally, layers are based on water density: heavier, and hence denser, water is below the lighter water, representing a stable stratification. For example, the pycnocline is a layer in the ocean where the change in density is relatively large compared to that of other layers in the ocean. The thickness of the thermocline is not constant everywhere and depends on a variety of variables.

Between 1960 and 2018, upper ocean stratification increased between 0.7-1.2% per decade due to climate change. This means that the differences in density of the layers in the oceans increase, leading to larger mixing barriers and other effects. In the last few decades, stratification in all ocean basins has increased due to effects of climate change on oceans. In fact, global upper-ocean stratification has continued its increasing trend in 2022. Furthermore, the southern oceans (south of 30°S) experienced the strongest rate of stratification since 1960, followed by the Pacific, Atlantic, and the Indian Oceans. Increasing stratification is predominantly affected by changes in ocean temperature; salinity only plays a role locally.

Density of water in the oceans
The density of water in the ocean, which is defined as mass per unit of volume, has a complicated dependence on temperature (), salinity () and pressure () (or equivalently depth) and is denoted as . The dependence on pressure is not significant, since seawater is almost perfectly incompressible. A change in the temperature of the water impacts on the distance between water parcels directly. When the temperature of the water increases, the distance between water parcels will increase and hence the density will decrease. A change in salinity induces an opposite reaction. Salinity is a measure of the mass of dissolved solids, which consist mainly of salt. Hence, increasing the salinity will increase the density. Just like the pycnocline defines the layer with a fast change in density, similar layers can be defined for a fast change in temperature and salinity: the thermocline and the halocline. Since the density depends on both the temperature and the salinity, the pycno-, thermo-, and halocline have a similar shape. The difference is that the density increases with depth, whereas the salinity and temperature decrease with depth.

In the ocean, a specific range of temperature and salinity occurs. Using the GODAS Data, a temperature-salinity plot can show the possibilities and occurrences of the different combinations of salinity and potential temperature.

The exact formula of density in the ocean can be defined by the UNESCO formula. According to this formula, the density of ocean water can be determined as follows: The terms in this formula, density when the pressure is zero, , and a term involving the compressibility of water, , are both heavily dependent on the temperature and less dependent on the salinity:with:andIn these formulas, all of the small letters,  and  are constants that are defined in Appendix A of a book on Internal Gravity Waves, published in 2015.

The density depends more on the temperature than on the salinity, as can be deduced from the exact formula and can be shown in plots using the GODAS Data. In the plots regarding surface temperature, salinity and density, it can be seen that locations with the coldest water, at the poles, are also the locations with the highest densities. The regions with the highest salinity, on the other hand, are not the regions with the highest density, meaning that temperature contributes mostly to the density in the oceans. A specific example is the Arabic Sea.

Quantification
Ocean stratification can be defined and quantified by the change in density with depth. The Buoyancy frequency, or sometimes called the Brunt-Väisälä frequency, can be used as direct representation of stratification in combination with observations on temperature and salinity.

The Buoyancy frequency, , represents the intrinsic frequency of internal waves. This means that water that is displaced tends to bounce up and down with that frequency.

The Buoyancy frequency is defined as follows:Here,  is the gravitational constant,  is a reference density and  is the potential density depending on temperature and salinity as discussed earlier. Water is considered to have a stable stratification for , leading to a real value of . The ocean is typically stable and the corresponding -values in the ocean lie between approximately  in the abyssal ocean and  in the upper parts of the ocean. The Buoyancy period is defined as . Corresponding to the previous values, this period typically takes values between approximately 10 and 100 minutes. In some parts of the ocean unstable stratification appears, leading to convection.

If the stratification in a water column increases, implying an increase of the value  , turbulent mixing and hence the eddy viscosity will decrease. Furthermore, an increase of , implies an increase of  , meaning that the difference in densities in this water column increase as well. Throughout the year, the oceanic stratification is not constant, since the stratification depends on density, and therefore on temperature and salinity. The interannual fluctuations in tropical Pacific Ocean stratification are dominated by El Niño, which can be linked with the strong variations in the thermocline depth in the eastern equatorial Pacific.

Furthermore, tropical storms are sensitive to the conditions on the stratification and hence on its change.  On the other hand, mixing from tropical storms also tends to reduce stratification differences among layers.

Observations on increasing stratification

Temperature and salinity changes due to global warming and climate change alter the ocean density and lead to changes in vertical stratification. The stratified configuration of the ocean can act as a barrier to water mixing, which impacts the efficiency of vertical exchanges of heat, carbon, oxygen, and other constituents. Thus, stratification is a central element of Earth's climate system. Global upper-ocean stratification continued its increasing trend in 2022 and was among the top seven on record.

In the last few decades, the stratification in all of the ocean basins has increased. Furthermore, the southern oceans (south of 30°S) experienced the strongest rate of stratification since 1960, followed by the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. When the upper ocean becomes more stratified, the mixed layer of surface water with homogeneous temperature may get shallower, but projected changes to mixed-layer depth by the end of the 21st century remain contested. The regions with the currently deepest mixed layers are associated with the greatest mixed layer shoaling, particularly the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean basin.

By looking at the GODAS Data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSL, the Buoyancy frequencies can be found from January 1980 up to and including March 2021. Since a change in stratification is mostly visible in the upper 500 meters of the ocean, very specific data is necessary in order to see this in a plot. The resulting plots from the GODAS Data might indicate that there is also a decrease in stratification looking at the differences of the stratification between the years 1980, 2000 and 2020. It is possible to see that the change in stratification is indeed the biggest in the first 500 meters of the ocean. From approximately 1000 meters into the ocean, the stratification converges toward a stable value and the change in stratification becomes almost non-existent.

In many scientific articles, magazines and blogs, it is claimed that the stratification has increased in all of the ocean basins (e.g in Ecomagazine.com and NCAR & UCAR News ). In the figure below, the trends of the change in stratification in all of the ocean basins have been plotted. This data shows that over the years the stratification has drastically increased. The changes in stratification are greatest in the Southern Ocean, followed by the Pacific Ocean. In the Pacific Ocean, the increase of stratification in the eastern equatorial has found to be greater than in the western equatorial. This is likely to be linked to the weakening of the trade winds and reduced upwelling in the eastern Pacific, which can be explained by the weakening of the Walker circulation.

Causes and consequences

Temperature and mixing

The change in temperature dominates the increasing stratification, while salinity only plays a role locally. The ocean has an extraordinary ability of storing and transporting large amounts of heat, carbon and fresh water. Even though approximately 70% of the Earth's surface consists of water, more than 75% of the water exchange between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere occurs over the oceans. The ocean absorbs part of the energy from sunlight as heat and is initially absorbed by the surface. Eventually a part of this heat also spreads to deeper water. Greenhouse gases absorb extra energy from the sun, which is again absorbed by the oceans, leading to an increase in the amount of heat stored by the oceans. The increase of temperature of the oceans goes rather slow, compared to the atmosphere.

However, the ocean heat uptake has doubled since 1993 and oceans have absorbed over 90% of the extra heat of the Earth since 1955. The temperature in the ocean, up to approximately 700 meters deep into the ocean, has been rising almost all over the globe. The increased warming in the upper ocean reduces the density of the upper ~500 m of water, while deeper water does not experience as much warming and as great a decrease in density. Thus, the stratification in the upper layers will change more than in the lower layers, and these strengthening vertical density gradients act as barriers limiting mixing between the upper layers and deep-water.

There is limited evidence that seasonal differences in stratification have grown larger over the years.

Salinity
The salinity is associated with the difference between evaporation and precipitation. Ocean currents are important in moving fresh and saline waters around and in keeping a balance.

Evaporation causes the water to become more saline, and hence denser. Precipitation has the opposite effect, since it decreases the density of the surface water. Hence, it can be stated that salinity plays a more local role in the increase of stratification, even though it is less present compared to the influence of the temperature. For example, salinity plays an important role in the subtropical gyre, North (-East) Pacific, North Atlantic and Arctic regions.

In the Arctic, the decrease of salinity, and hence density, can be explained by the input of freshwater from melting glaciers and ice sheets. This process and the increase of stratification in the Arctic will continue with the current carbon emissions.

De-oxygenation

A decline in dissolved oxygen, and hence in the oxygen supply to the ocean interior, is a likely effect of the increase in stratification in the upper ocean. Since oxygen plays a direct and important role in the cycles of carbon, nitrogen and many other elements such as phosphorus, iron and magnesium, de-oxygenation will have large consequences. It plays a vital role for many organisms and the variety of ocean animals of all kinds.

The de-oxygenation in subsurface waters is due to the decrease in ocean mixing, which is caused by the increase of stratification in the upper ocean. To illustrate, in the period between 1970 and 1990, approximately 15% of the de-oxygenation can be explained by an increase of temperature and the rest by reduced transport due to stratification. In the period between 1967 and 2000 the decrease in oxygen concentration in the shallow waters, between 0 and 300 meters, was 10 times faster in the coastal ocean compared to the open ocean. This has led to an increase of hypoxic zones, which can lead to a change in behavior of the aquatic flora and fauna. The increase of stratification in the upper ocean during the second half of the 21st century can lead to a decoupling between the surface and the deeper oceans. This decoupling can cause de-oxygenation in the deeper ocean as well, since the decoupling makes it less likely for the oxygen to reach the deeper oceans.

Nevertheless, the change in oxygen concentration can also be influenced by changes in circulation and winds. And even though oxygen has decreased in many areas of the oceans, it can also increase locally, due to a variety of influences on the oxygen. For example, between 1990 and 2000, the oxygen in the thermocline of the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean has increased.

Mixed layer depth (MLD)

The surface mixed layer is the uppermost layer in the ocean and is well mixed by mechanical (wind) and thermal (convection) effects. Turbulence in this layer occurs through surface processes, for example wind stirring, surface heat fluxes and evaporation, The mixed layer is inherently the layer most connected to the atmosphere and affects and is affected by all weather systems, especially those with strong winds such as hurricanes.  Heat stored in the mixed layer in the tropical western Pacific plays a vital role in El Nino development.

The depth of the mixed layer is associated with physical, chemical and biological systems and is one of the most important quantities in the upper ocean. Throughout the year, the depth of the mixed layer varies. The thickness of the layer increases in wintertime and decreases in the summer. If the mixed layer is really deep, less light can reach the phytoplankton. Phytoplankton have been shown to be important in the global carbon cycle. Furthermore, since phytoplankton are at the bottom of the food chain, a decrease in phytoplankton can have consequences on a very large scale.

An exact relation between an increase in stratification and a change in the mixed layer depth has not yet been determined and remains uncertain. Although some studies suggest that a thinner mixed layer should accompany a more stratified upper ocean, other work reports seasonal deepening of the mixed layer since 1970. There is literature substantiating the statement that in the years from 1970 to 2018, the stratification in the basis of the mixed layer as well as the depth of the mixed layer have increased. Contradicting this result, other literature states a decrease of the depth of the mixed layer partly as a result of the increase of upper-ocean stratification. It has been found that the mixed layer in the extension of the Kuroshio Current, at the west side of the North Pacific, has decreased more than 30 meters. This shoaling is caused by weakening of wind and a reduction of seasonal vertical mixing. Furthermore, there exists research stating that heating of the surface of the ocean, and hence an increase in stratification, does not necessarily mean an increase nor decrease in the mixed layer depth. Using the GODAS Data it can be seen that the depth of the mixed layer has increased as well as decreased over time.

Between 1970 and 2018, the summertime mixed-layer depth (MLD) deepened by 2.9 ± 0.5% per decade (or 5 to 10 m per decade, depending on the region), and the Southern Ocean experienced the greatest deepening. However, there is limited observational evidence that the mixed layer is globally deepening, and only under strong greenhouse gas emissions scenarios do global mixed-layer depths shoal in the 21st century. Although it is virtually certain that upper ocean stratification will increase through the 21st century, scientists express low confidence in how the mixed-layer depth will evolve.

See also

 Ocean heat content

References

Aquatic ecology
Physical oceanography


text:
Q: Laravel 5.3 Search function in API I'm implementing an API for front end and mobile apps now i'm working on search function where a user may type column name or any data i should be able to provide the data they request in a JSON format
i really don't know how to query based on the data they input, so for i did this
in my controller
public function getSearchResults(Request $request) {
    $search_drivers = Driver::all();

    return Response::json([
        'data' => $search_drivers->all()  // i know this is not cool, i need to query based on the input data
    ]);
}

my model is
<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;

class Driver extends Model
{
   use SoftDeletes;

   protected $fillable = [
                           'agent_id',
                           'registration_center',
                           'registration_date',
                           'sponsor_name',
                           'event_name',
                           'registration_id',
                           'profile_photo',
                           'first_name',
                           'last_name',
                           'role',
                           'date_of_birth',
                           'marital_status',
                           'phone_number',
                           'alternate_phone_number',
                          ];

   protected $dates = ['deleted_at'];
}

and in my routes
Route::group(['prefix' => 'v1', 'middleware' => 'auth:api'], function() {
    Route::get('user', function (Request $request) {
        return $request->user();
    });
    Route::resource('drivers', 'DriversController');
    Route::resource('search', 'DriversController@getSearchResults'); //search route
});

and the parameters meight be
   http://localhost:8000/api/v1/search?data=name(maybe any column data from above model)

could you please tell me or give me some example how to query and return as json
Thank You

A: You can chain where for each field you need to search as:
$data = $request->get('data');

$drivers = Driver::where('first_name', 'like', "%{$data}%"))
                 ->orWhere('last_name', 'like', "%{$data}%"))
                 ->get();

return Response::json([
    'data' => $drivers
]);

You can add more where clauses if you want.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The majority of Nolan's 3-month photos were taken in the same park we took his newborn shots. Although he was smiling and cooing by 3-months he was having none of it that day.
All of our boys had pretty chubby cheeks at 3-months, but I've gotta say, Nolan takes the cake. These were all taken in August and I remember being at a reunion at the end of August when someone else was holding him and for the first time I got a good look as an outsider. People were mid-conversation when I blurted out, Holy Crap he has big cheeks!
When I pick out the boys outfits for their monthly pictures I usually choose something that they wore for a special occasion during that time period; a holiday, wedding, baptism, something along those lines. Last August it was hot though, so I went a slightly different route. Instead of a "special outfit" I choose this little pants and shorts set because I always thought it was adorable on him. I loved the bright teal shirt and the way it made his eyes pop and those little plaid shorts were so soft and comfy. What I didn't realize until I saw a sneak peek of these shots on Facebook is that those chubby little cheeks of his look just like the bulldog on the front of his shirt. Not exactly the look I was going for ::sigh:: but oh! those cheeks!


Please make sure all outreach clothing is clean and presentable. You may dress casually when we are together as believers and if not immediately leaving for outreach. If you plan to attend the Dearborn, MI trip, please bring clothes that can keep you cool since it is usually 80 degrees or hotter with very high humidity. However, some years we have experienced rain storms during the festival.
(Please feel free to ask us if in doubt about clothing selections).
Please wear nice pants. Torn, wrinkled, or baggy pants are not acceptable.
Shorts and sleeveless shirts are not allowed.
It is best to dress as conservatively as possible.
A nice polo t-shirt and slacks is a good example of how to dress, but nice clean jeans are acceptable.
Please do not wear anything form-fitting or low-cut.
Clothing should cover while bending, reaching, etc.
It is best to wear long loose skirts, but loose pants are OK.
If you have long hair, pull it back in some fashion while out evangelizing.
M2M will not allow sleeveless shirts or tank tops; 1/2 sleeves or longer (3⁄4 sleeves are best).


Creating Space and Playing with Genre: Crafting Our Stories as Teacher-Writers. Iowa Council of Teachers of English Conference – October 2017.
Teacher Education Beyond the Classroom: Partnering with National Parks and Art Museums. New York State Association of Teacher Educators/New York Association of Colleges of Teacher Education (NYSATE-NYACTE) Conference – October 2017.
Fostering teacher leadership and advocacy through university-school partnerships: An examination of the National Writing Project model. NYSATE NYACTE – October 2017.
Up-cycling edTPA: Preparing Candidates to Advocate for Their Practice through Rhetorical Argumentation. NYSATE NYACTE – October 2016.
Up-cycling Teacher Performance Assessments: Preparing Candidates to Advocate for Their Practice through Rhetorical Argumentation. National Council of Teachers of English – November 2016.
Dawson, C. (2015, July). Writing Their Way into Teaching: Reframing high-stakes teacher performance assessments as arguments for competency. Paper presented at the International Federation of Teaching of English conference and Conference on English Education bi-annual meeting. New York, NY.
Dawson, C. (October 2014). Writing to intervene beyond the classroom: Teacher-writers' participation in an online writing group. Paper presented at 2014 Thomas R. Watson Conference. Louisville, KY.
Dawson, C. (2011, February). Teachers' collaborative writing as inventing: First-year teachers' online writing group. Paper presented at the Writing Research across Borders II Conference. Washington, D.C.
Dawson, C. (2008, February). Identifying as a writer: The relationship between one writer's identifying processes and writing decisions. Paper presented at the Writing Research Across Borders Conference. Santa Barbara, CA.
Dawson, C. (2017, November). Joining the conversation: Teachers and students claim voice through rhetorical argumentation. National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. St. Louis, MO.
Dawson, C. (2017, November). Taking action as teacher-writers. Chair of annual teacher-writer roundtable session. National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. St. Louis, MO.
Dawson, C., & Case, A.F. (2016, November). Argumentation as advocacy: Preparing teachers to strategically argue for their practice and students. National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Atlanta, GA.
Whitney, A., Dawson, C., Hicks, T., Fredricksen, J., & Zuidema, L. (2016, November). Teacher-writers: Practices and possibilities. Collaboratively organized and chaired session with 24 roundtables of over 50 teacher-writers from across country. National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Atlanta, GA.
Dawson, C. (2016, April). Composing poetry and a writer's identity: Positive social updrafts in a community of writers. In Smagorinsky, P. (Chair) Creating positive social updrafts through play and performance. Featured presentation during the Cultural-Historical Research SIG at the 2016 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Washington, D.C.
Dawson, C., & Case, A.F. (2015, November). "I am an effective teacher": Preparing teacher candidates to craft convincing arguments for competency on high-stakes teacher performance assessments. Paper selected in the Research Strand of the National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Minneapolis, MN.
Whitney, A.E., Hicks, T., Fredricksen, J., Zuidema, L., & Dawson, C. (2015, November). Teacher-writer roundtables. Co-chairing session with multiple roundtables of teacher-writers across contexts. National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Minneapolis, MN.
Dawson, C., Ponzio, C., Hanson, K. (2015, November). Walking the talk: How participation in a teacher writing group shapes professional talk. National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Minneapolis, MN.
Dawson, C., & Case, A.F. (2015, April). Writing their way into teaching: How high-stakes teacher performance assessments call for pre-service teachers to argue for competency. Paper presented at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Chicago, IL.
Dawson, C., Hanson, K., Ponzio, C., & VanRiper, J. (2014, November). Writing for fun and folly: An online teacher writing group's inquiry into humor writing. Roundtable presentation at National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Washington, D.C.
Dawson, C. (2014, April). Exploring teachers' workplace writing: Expanding what counts as "teacher writing". Paper presented at the 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Philadelphia, PA.
Dawson, C. (2013, November). "I just don't know the right things to do": Teacher-writers creating texts to intervene. Paper presented at National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Boston, MA.
Dawson, C. (2012, November). Co-writing readings of YA literature: Online book discussion groups with pre-service teachers and high school students. Paper presented at National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Las Vegas, NV.
Dawson, C., Hanson, K., Robinson, N, & VanRiper, J. (2011, November). Talk about writing! Reflections from an online teacher writing group. Paper presented at National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Chicago, IL.
Dawson, C. (2011, June). Revising teaching practices: Framing teaching practices as "texts" in writing workshops. Paper presented at Conference on English Education. New York, NY.
Dawson, C. (2010, November). Revising teaching: Considering teaching practices as 'texts' in writing workshops. Paper presented at National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Orlando, FL.
Dawson, C. (2010, April). Writing beyond survival: New teachers 'becoming' teachers and writers in an online writing group. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting. Denver, CO.
Dawson, C. (2010, March). Invention of teacher writers: Exploring beginning teachers' talk and texts in an online writing group. Paper presented at the Research Network Forum at the Conference on College Composition and Communication Annual Convention. Louisville, KY.
Dawson, C., Hanson, K., Helsel, C., & Robinson, E. (2009, November). Teachers writing together: How participation in an online writing group shapes writing and teaching practices. Paper presented at National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Philadelphia, PA.
Dawson, C. (2009, April). Identifying as a writer: How one writer constructs and performs his writing identities. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting. San Diego, CA.
Rosaen, C., Garner, G., & Dawson, C. Bringing everyone to the table: Adventures in redesigning an interdisciplinary elementary language arts major (A Teachers for a New Era Project). (2009, April). Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting. San Diego, CA.
Dawson, C., Fredricksen, J., Schoon-Tanis, K., Sherry, M., & Van Duinen, D. (2007, November). Snapshots: Teacher educators examine the thinking of prospective teachers. National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. New York, NY.
Dawson, C., Francis, J., Gritter, K., & Van Duinen, D. (2006, November). Grammar dilemmas: Understanding our purposes in language instruction. National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention. Pittsburgh, PA.
Dawson, C., & DeBelli, J. (2002, December). Teachers growing together: The evolution of a teacher cohort. Workshop presented at the National Staff Development Council Annual Conference. Boston, MA.
Dawson, C., & Ertz, G. (2017, October). Visual thinking strategies: Weaving art and literacy instruction to build student voice. Workshop presented at the New York State English Council's Annual Conference. Albany, NY.
Dawson, C., Luongo, D., & Meyer, T. (2017, October). Teacher education beyond the classroom: Partnering with national parks and art museums. Paper presentation at the New York State Association of Teacher Educators and New York Association of Colleges for Teacher Education Annual Fall Conference. Saratoga Springs, NY.
Sawyer, M., Meyer, T., & Dawson, C. (2017, October). Fostering teacher leadership and advocacy through university-school partnerships: An examination of the National Writing Project model. Paper presentation at the New York State Association of Teacher Educators and New York Association of Colleges for Teacher Education Annual Fall Conference. Saratoga Springs, NY.
Dawson, C. (2017, April). Composing advocacy: Cultivating our strengths as teachers and writers. Empire State Writing Project Network Spring Conference. New Paltz, NY.
Dawson, C. (2016, October). Upcycling the edTPA: Preparing candidates to advocate for their practice through rhetorical argumentation. Paper presentation at the New York State Association of Teacher Educators and New York Association of Colleges for Teacher Education Annual Fall Conference. Saratoga Springs, NY.
Katwala, D., & Dawson, C. (2016, October). Writing to explore: Low-stakes writing strategies to engage students and teachers. Workshop presented at the New York State English Council's Annual Conference. Albany, NY.
Dawson, C., Forman-Pemberton, C., Gort, N. (2016, April). Developing reasoned arguments: Helping secondary students write from sources. Workshop presented at the Empire State Writing Project Network Annual Meeting. New Paltz, NY.
Dawson, C. (2009, April). Perspectives on grammar instruction: Teaching grammar "in context" of literature and writing study. Workshop presented at the Michigan Council of Teachers of English Bright Ideas Conference. East Lansing, MI.
Dawson, C. (2007, April). Let's talk about writing! Helping students share their own writing and effectively respond to peer writing. Workshop presented at the Michigan Council of Teachers of English Bright Ideas Conference. East Lansing, MI.
Dawson, C. (2017, October). Creating space and playing with genre: Crafting our stories as teacher-writers. Invited keynote address: Iowa Council of Teachers of English Fall Conference. Johnston, IA.
Dawson, C. (2017, October). Sharing our stories with others: Writing groups, online communities, and classrooms. Invited workshop: Iowa Council of Teachers of English Fall Conference. Johnston, IA.
Dawson, C. (2017). Being teacher-writers: Creating, growing, and connecting. Invited keynote address: Empire State Writing Project Network Spring Conference, New Paltz, NY.
Dawson, C., & Ertz, G. (2016, November). Visual thinking strategies in the classroom: Partnering with museums to weave art and writing. National Writing Project Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA.
Dawson, C. (2013). Inventing teacher-writers: Supporting teachers in developing personal and professional writing practices. Invited lecture. Siena College, Latham, NY.
Dawson, C. (2013). Writing in and for English Education. Invited lecture for doctoral seminar in English education. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
Dawson, C. (2003). Possible dreams: Redefining success in our classrooms. Keynote address delivered as New Jersey Middlesex County Teacher of the Year. Governor's Teacher of the Year Luncheon. Trenton, NJ.
Dawson, C. (2003). Writing and teaching as creative processes: Helping students and teachers develop voice and agency through writing and professional development. Keynote speech delivered as Middlesex County Teacher of the Year at the Middlesex County Superintendent's Roundtable. Middlesex County, NJ.


The dreams of a simple slimy princess come to fruition with Royal Jelly Roller, a game where slimes grow big and the messes grow even bigger! Traverse through several levels of goo-packed fun as you dodge sword-wielding goblins, thirsty flowers and nasty hazards that will leave you hungry for more! It's the type of game that will really stick to you - and trust me, it's harder than it looks.
Simply amazing entry. Seriously one of the best Ludum Dare entries (of any LD) I've ever tried, if not the best. Great mechanics, great design, great graphics, and most of all fun - and not just "fun for a jam game" but genuinely fun and clever. Awesome work, and I hope you plan to make a full game out of it.
The controls felt a bit wonky but all in all it worked well and there are quite a few levels. Excellent job.
Nice game :), great music and audio.
Lots of content for a 3-day game. I beat level 11 and yes it took a while.
Interesting mechanic with the rolling -- I don't know if it was just my computer or not, but when I was rolling fast, it did not seem to completely cover the wall, instead covering say, 80% or 90% of the surface but leaving a few bare spots.
One suggestion I would make if you continue work on this is to get rid of the top-of-screen kill. I'm not sure it is a common mechanic players would know about, and it felt kind of frustrating instead of adding to the game.
The game is really polished! Momentum is a bit slow, but the platforming/attacking is quite strategic. The sounds and music were on point, as were the graphics. Great game.
This is great! I only wish I could move a little quicker. Overall this is very polished and well put together.
I've been stuck at the lvl 10, give up after 20/25 try, to much way to die.
It was slightly annoying to turn, but I get that the controls were on purpose. Overall good idea.
This was very cool but I found the jumping awkward when you're close to a wall.
Very nice! Solid mechanics, creative puzzle solving, and a nice difficulty curve. Great job!
Impressive entry! The art style is really cute and the gameplay mecanics are good.
Very innovative and unique playing as a slime with good level design overall few bugs I do not get how I died by jumping at the top of the screen. I really had fun playing it.
This is one of my favorite entries!
Lovely graphics, innovative gameplay! Very consistent!
Starts out great, but the delayed response on the controls makes the later levels more about memorizing the right time to let go than actually playing the game. Either the controls need to be more responsive, or the level design should be changed to fit how they are. It looks good though.
That was innovative! I think you could build better gameplay on it, but the idea is great.
Interesting mechanic, the rolling felt slow and heavy though. It was also a little annoying that the slime didn't coat the entire surface when you rolled over it. Very good job over all!
Looks like ready-to-sell product. Simply beautiful.
Nice game. I have no idea why I'm killing rabbits.


text:
Live action Star Blazers!
Star Blazers was my first experience with Anime and a total change from the cartoons that I grew up watching on network TV. Star Blazers is an English dubbed version of a series in Japan called Space Battleship Yamato. I was 9 or 10 at the time, but I was immediately drawn to the epic story arc and the more mature themes that it had. It's probably the main reason I'm a science fiction fan today.
I was pretty excited to see a live movie version being made in Japan that seems exactly like how I remembered it but with amazing special effects. Hopefully there will be a subtitled version we can see in movie theaters or on Blu-ray.
Via IO.com: Watch the new trailer for the Space Battleship Yamato movie
Another trailer that needs to be seen just for the theme song!
September 22, 2010	by morris
Happy Birthday John McCain!
Fifty dollar limit on Visa gas purchases
Olympic Themes 8 Bit- Nintendo style

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


All you need from batter to pre-made pancakes.
Lurpak Butter Unsalted 250g - £1.80.
Clarks Special Reserve Pure Canadian Red Maple Syrup 189ml - £6.
Nutella Chocolate Spread 400g - £2.50.
Tefal Supreme Frying Pan 20cm - £9.99.
Sainsbury's Red Silicone Whisk - £2.66.


text:
James Shigeta 'Led The Way' For Asian-American Lovers On Screen : Code Switch The actor broke barriers as one of Hollywood's first Asian-American romantic leads. Born in Hawaii, he died this week at the age of 85.
Race and identity, remixed
James Shigeta 'Led The Way' For Asian-American Lovers On Screen
James Shigeta 'Led The Way' For Asian-American Lovers On Screen 2:57
subscribe to Code Switch podcast
August 2, 20147:56 AM ET
Hansi Lo Wang
Hidenari Terasaki (James Shigeta) kisses the hand of his wife, Gwen (Carroll Baker), in the 1961 film Bridge to the Sun. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/Getty Images hide caption
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/Getty Images
Hidenari Terasaki (James Shigeta) kisses the hand of his wife, Gwen (Carroll Baker), in the 1961 film Bridge to the Sun.
Actor James Shigeta had the looks, the talent — and the voice.
"It's melodious. It's deep. There is something quite sensuous about it," says L.S. Kim, a film professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Kim adds that Shigeta — who died from pulmonary failure on Monday in Beverly Hills at age 85, according to his agent Jeffrey Leavitt — embodied an unusual sight on the big screen: a self-assured Asian-American man.
"In many portrayals of Asian-American men in particular, there is no sense of confidence. And with James Shigeta, his screen presence was as deep and seductive as his voice," Kim says.
A co-star of the 1961 movie musical Flower Drum Song, Shigeta broke barriers on screen as one of Hollywood's first Asian-American actors to play romantic lead characters. In Bridge to the Sun, a 1961 film based on a memoir of the same name, Shigeta played Hidenari Terasaki, a dashing Japanese diplomat from Tokyo who meets cute and later marries Gwen Harold, a young white woman from Johnson City, Tenn.
Bridge to the Sun was based on a memoir about a real-life interracial couple living in Japan during World War II.
Warner Archive YouTube
The 'Tragedy' Of Being Asian-American
Only two years earlier, Shigeta had made his film debut in The Crimson Kimono as a Japanese-American homicide detective in Los Angeles caught in a love triangle between his white police partner and a key witness in their murder case. For a black-and-white film from 1959, there was a bit of a surprise ending for Shigeta's character.
"Oh, he wound up with the girl!" Shigeta explained with a hearty laugh in the 2006 documentary The Slanted Screen: Asian Men in Film and Television.
The plotline became a selling point for The Crimson Kimono. Movie posters showed Shigeta's character kissing a white woman. "Yes, this is a beautiful American girl in the arms of a Japanese boy!" one poster declared. "What was his strange appeal for American girls?"
In The Crimson Kimono, Shigeta plays a homicide detective investigating the murder of a burlesque dancer in Los Angeles.
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment YouTube
Shigeta's role in that film won him a Golden Globe Award in 1960 for most promising newcomer.
"He clearly had the talent, but the roles weren't there, because unless there was a role that was written for an Asian-American, he would not be considered. And that's the tragedy here," explains Jeff Adachi, San Francisco's elected public defender who interviewed Shigeta for The Slanted Screen.
A Pioneer Who 'Led The Way'
In the documentary, which Adachi wrote, directed and produced, Shigeta recalled an exchange he had early in his career with an MGM producer who told him, "If you were white, you'd be a hell of a big star." Shigeta, who was born in what was then the Territory of Hawaii to a family of Japanese descent, said that encounter was "the first time that [he] had some kind of a clue as to the fact that there might be some discrimination out there."
"It's a very difficult business. It's a constant struggle even if you're not Asian," says actress Nancy Kwan, who co-starred with Shigeta in Flower Drum Song. "He was a pioneer. He led the way."
Shigeta leaves behind a career on screen that lasted half a century. He had smaller, supporting parts in Die Hard and in television series like Hawaii Five-O. But in his earliest movies, he often got top billing and the girl. And for an Asian-American actor, that's a benchmark still remarkable today.


Hi. I am new on Urban Terror and I still try to understand what happens. When I play on a server I see a lot of people without auth name. Some are with _ _ _. Others have no ping, no kills etc. How can I recognize real humans from bots?
If it has a ping of 0 after a round/it has made a kill/the score board updated it probably is a bot. or the player is literally in the same room or on the same machine as the server.
If it is "greyed out" in the scoreboard, it definitely is a bot.
Specing them also helps. If you see it shaking its mouse like crazy and shooting at dead bodies, its probably a bot.
Also, players might talk/use chat.
So, how that ghosts get "created"??


Refreshments, beverages, and popcorn will be served at this family-friendly event.
Join us for a special lecture, film, and musical program focused on the nostalgia of the silent film era. This special event will begin with a lecture on the early history of silent film, followed by the live experience of original silent films with musical accompaniment scored and performed live by composer J. K. Hodge. Be sure to allow additional time to enjoy our Silver Screens of Suffolk exhibition, featured in our grand Staas Gallery. Space is limited! Call to reserve today!
John Kenneth Hodge, born in Bay Shore and raised in Bayport, was musically inspired as a child by his grandfather, who was a theater house pianist during the silent film era. Around the age of eight, concerns about developmental motor-skill delays and a diagnosis of mild dyslexia prompted Hodge's parents to enroll him in piano lessons as a means of strengthening and developing fine motor skills. Hodge rose above his challenges, developing talent and skill as a young performer and, later, as a composer. His talents rested during his college years, when he attended Dowling College, graduating with two teaching degrees. In his thirties, Hodge resurrected his musical talents, composing, performing, and recording albums. His Chopin-inspired contemporary classical compositions have earned him much acclaim as a New York-based concert pianist. Hodge is currently working on his fourth album, Holding Daylight, due out later this year.


That morning cup of coffee is as vital to your existence as air, yet drinking the same cup of brown, bitter slop every morning can get mundane pretty darn quickly. Spice up your favorite drink by adding some of these strange, surprising ingredients to your morning cup of Joe. They'll add a whole lot of flavor and, in some instances, make your morning caffeine fix a nutritious one as well.
I told you some of these ingredients were going to be a little strange, didn't I? While it may seem like a horrible idea, adding a dash of salt to your cup of coffee can help to soften the bitterness, meaning you don't need to add as much sugar to make it acceptable to your tastebuds.
You can either add the salt to your grounds before brewing or simply add a sprinkle to a freshly prepared cup. Play around with amounts — some people like salt more than others, so starting with just a pinch and working your way up to the optimal amount is the best strategy to ensure you don't go throwing a cup of overly salty coffee straight down the drain. Also, go for high-quality salt. Varieties such as Himalayan rock salt and unrefined sea salt are the least refined and have the highest mineral content, making your coffee that much more nutritious.
This is a personal favorite of mine, and I'll confess to not even liking coffee until I started throwing a generous chunk of butter into every cup. The modern-day popularity of adding butter instead of milk to one's coffee arguably stems from Dave Asprey's "Bulletproof Coffee," which has become a worldwide phenomenon, especially among the Paleo community. Bulletproof Coffee earned its place in the coffee drinker's hall of fame not only on account of it's rich, delicious taste but also on the energy-boosting benefits, healthy fats and a wide range of nutrients that butter brings to the table. It's important to note that many nutrients are difficult to break down and utilize by our digestive system unless they're consumed along with a fat — just another reason why the high saturated fat content of butter makes it a winner in the coffee department. Try this easy recipe for making your own cup.
Bulletproof Coffee earned its place in the coffee drinker's hall of fame not only on account of it's rich, delicious taste but also on the energy-boosting benefits, healthy fats and wide range of nutrients that butter brings to the table. It's important to note that many nutrients are difficult to break down and utilize by our digestive system unless they're consumed along with a fat — just another reason why the high saturated fat content of butter makes it a winner in the coffee department. Try this easy recipe for making your own cup.
Brew your cup of coffee as you would normally (shade-grown, organic, fresh-ground coffee beans are best).
Put coffee, butter, cinnamon and vanilla in your blender.
Blend on high until frothy, about 30 seconds.
That's it! Pour the mixture straight back into the cup and drink immediately. Alternately, you can make this the night before, put it in the fridge and enjoy it in the morning as a delicious, on-the-go iced coffee.
While I wouldn't recommend adding ice cream and butter to your coffee, ice cream as a singular addition to your coffee makes for a wildly delicious hot drink. It may not be the ideal way to start every day, but putting a dollop of vanilla or chocolate ice cream into your coffee on a warm summer's day or as a naughty after-dinner treat is any coffee aficionado's idea of heaven. Besides, it does all the hard work for you — it's sweet, meaning you don't need to add sugar, it's creamy, meaning you don't need to add milk, and it instantly cools your coffee down to safe drinking temperature. Perfect!
Cardamom has long been a favorite spicy additive to coffee in the Middle East, giving a delicious earthy zing to what would otherwise be a standard-issue cup of brown. Not only does cardamom pair brilliantly with the bitterness of coffee beans, it also has strong healing properties and helps to neutralize the stimulating effects of caffeine.
I was first enlightened on the wondrous partnership between coffee and maca powder at a farmer's market in Vancouver, Canada. The vendor made an amazing iced latte using fresh-ground organic coffee beans, maca powder, coconut milk and a dash of maple syrup for sweetness. The result was a fantastic, amazingly nutritious drink. Hot or cold, maca adds an interesting taste and a whack load of vitamins, nutrients and antioxidants. Not a bad way to start the day!
If you've got a bit of a sweet tooth, chances are you're generous with the spoonfuls of sugar in your coffee. While it may make your coffee taste great, it's also pretty darn bad for your health. Cinnamon adds sweetness to your coffee without the calories, and, unlike sugar, is anti-inflammatory. What's more, there's just something about cinnamon that makes coffee that much more delicious, introducing a subtle richness which will have you immediately hooked.
Got coffee left over from your last brew? Rather than pouring it down the sink, wait for it to cool then pour it into an ice tray. Next time you make an iced coffee, or simply want to bring your hot coffee down to drinking temperature quickly, throw a few of your coffee ice cubes into the mix. They'll cool things down instantly while maintaining the strength of your coffee by not watering it down, like normal water-based ice cubes.
Big on coffee? Find out which coffee is best, both for your health and your taste buds.
Hey Buddy!, I found this information for you: "7 Strange Things That Actually Taste Great In Coffee". Here is the website link: https://www.thealternativedaily.com/7-strange-things-actually-taste-great-coffee/. Thank you.


Posted on March 21, 2018 at 3:04 pm.
Do you have items that need to be recycled but do not know where to take them? Did you know that we take items at the Wastewater Treatment Plant for free? The drop off site is open every Wednesday from 7:00 AM to 8:00 PM and Saturdays from 8:00 AM to 11:00 AM.
Click on the link below for a list of items that are accepted at the treatment plant.
Please remember to only drop off the items that are allowed on the list. If you do not see something on the list and have questions, feel free to call Village Hall at 715-749-3126.


text:
/*	$NetBSD: quotaon.c,v 1.30 2012/04/07 05:07:33 christos Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Robert Elz at The University of Melbourne.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#ifndef lint
__COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993\
 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
#endif /* not lint */

#ifndef lint
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)quotaon.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
#else
__RCSID("$NetBSD: quotaon.c,v 1.30 2012/04/07 05:07:33 christos Exp $");
#endif
#endif /* not lint */

/*
 * Turn quota on/off for a filesystem.
 */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>

#include <quota.h>
#include <ufs/ufs/quota1.h>

#include <err.h>
#include <fstab.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <util.h>

static int	vflag;		/* verbose */

static void usage(void) __dead;
static int quotaonoff(struct fstab *, struct quotahandle *, int, int, int,
    const char *);
static int readonly(struct fstab *, const char *);
static int oneof(const char *target, char *list[], int cnt);

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct fstab *fs;
	struct quotahandle *qh;
	long argnum, done = 0;
	int i, offmode = 0, errs = 0;
	unsigned restrictions;
	int ch;

	int aflag = 0;		/* all file systems */
	int gflag = 0;		/* operate on group quotas */
	int uflag = 0;		/* operate on user quotas */
	int noguflag = 0;	/* operate on both (by default) */

	if (strcmp(getprogname(), "quotaoff") == 0)
		offmode++;
	else if (strcmp(getprogname(), "quotaon") != 0)
		errx(1, "Name must be quotaon or quotaoff");

	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "avug")) != -1) {
		switch(ch) {
		case 'a':
			aflag++;
			break;
		case 'g':
			gflag++;
			break;
		case 'u':
			uflag++;
			break;
		case 'v':
			vflag++;
			break;
		default:
			usage();
			break;
		}
	}
	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;

	if (argc <= 0 && !aflag)
		usage();

	if (!gflag && !uflag) {
		noguflag = 1;
	}

	/*
	 * XXX at the moment quota_open also uses getfsent(), but it
	 * uses it only up front. To avoid conflicting with it, let it
	 * initialize first.
	 */
	qh = quota_open("/");
	if (qh != NULL) {
		quota_close(qh);
	}

	setfsent();
	while ((fs = getfsent()) != NULL) {
		const char *fsspec;
		if ((strcmp(fs->fs_vfstype, "ffs")/* &&
		     strcmp(fs->fs_vfstype, "lfs")*/) ||
		    strcmp(fs->fs_type, FSTAB_RW))
			continue;

		fsspec = fs->fs_spec;
		if (!aflag) {
			if ((argnum = oneof(fs->fs_file, argv, argc)) < 0 &&
			    (argnum = oneof(fsspec, argv, argc)) < 0) {
				continue;
			}
			done |= 1U << argnum;
		}

		qh = quota_open(fs->fs_file);
		if (qh == NULL) {
			if (!aflag) {
				warn("quota_open");
				errs++;
			}
			continue;
		}

		restrictions = quota_getrestrictions(qh);
		if ((restrictions & QUOTA_RESTRICT_NEEDSQUOTACHECK) == 0) {
			/* Not a quota v1 volume, skip it */
			if (!aflag) {
				errno = EBUSY;
				warn("%s", fs->fs_file);
				errs++;
			}
			quota_close(qh);
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * The idea here is to warn if someone explicitly
		 * tries to turn on group quotas and there are no
		 * group quotas, and likewise for user quotas, but not
		 * to warn if just doing the default thing and one of
		 * the quota types isn't configured.
		 */

		if (noguflag) {
			errs += quotaonoff(fs, qh, offmode, GRPQUOTA, 0, fsspec);
			errs += quotaonoff(fs, qh, offmode, USRQUOTA, 0, fsspec);
		}
		if (gflag) {
			errs += quotaonoff(fs, qh, offmode, GRPQUOTA, 1, fsspec);
		}
		if (uflag) {
			errs += quotaonoff(fs, qh, offmode, USRQUOTA, 1, fsspec);
		}
		quota_close(qh);
	}
	endfsent();
	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
		if ((done & (1U << i)) == 0)
			warnx("%s not found in fstab", argv[i]);
	return errs;
}

static void
usage(void)
{
	const char *p = getprogname();
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-g] [-u] [-v] -a\n"
	    "\t%s [-g] [-u] [-v] filesys ...\n", p, p);
	exit(1);
}

static int
quotaonoff(struct fstab *fs, struct quotahandle *qh, int offmode, int idtype,
    int warn_on_enxio, const char *fsspec)
{
	const char *mode = (offmode == 1) ? "off" : "on";

	if (strcmp(fs->fs_file, "/") && readonly(fs, fsspec)) {
		return 1;
	}

	if (offmode) {
		if (quota_quotaoff(qh, idtype)) {
			if (warn_on_enxio || errno != ENXIO) {
				warn("quota%s for %s", mode, fs->fs_file);
			}
			return 1;
		}
	} else {
		if (quota_quotaon(qh, idtype)) {
			if (warn_on_enxio || errno != ENXIO) {
				warn("quota%s for %s", mode, fs->fs_file);
			}
			return 1;
		}
	}

	if (vflag) {
		printf("%s: %s quotas turned %s\n",
		    fs->fs_file, quota_idtype_getname(qh, idtype), mode);
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Verify file system is mounted and not readonly.
 */
static int
readonly(struct fstab *fs, const char *fsspec)
{
	struct statvfs fsbuf;

	if (statvfs(fs->fs_file, &fsbuf) < 0 ||
	    strcmp(fsbuf.f_mntonname, fs->fs_file) ||
	    strcmp(fsbuf.f_mntfromname, fsspec)) {
		printf("%s: not mounted\n", fs->fs_file);
		return 1;
	}
	if (fsbuf.f_flag & MNT_RDONLY) {
		printf("%s: mounted read-only\n", fs->fs_file);
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Check to see if target appears in list of size cnt.
 */
static int
oneof(const char *target, char *list[], int cnt)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
		if (strcmp(target, list[i]) == 0)
			return i;
	return -1;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


There is a lot of talk about Facebook Newsfeed Optimization and Social Media Optimization going on. Some are saying it is as important as SEO. I can't say I agree with that but I do think it is important to think strategically about what you are posting to Facebook as your business, when you do that and how often.
Think of Newsfeed Optimization as just that, thinking strategically about what you are posting to your newsfeed, this goes for Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn or whatever social media site you are using to promote your business.
Facebook actually published their algorithm for how they rank items that are posted. They take into consideration how often a user interacts with your content usually, how popular the update is (likes and comments) and how recently it was added.
So how can you use this information to optimize your Facebook posts?
Be smart and publish things that your fans will 'like' (literally), not just something self promotional.
Be consistent but don't be overbearing. Think once or twice a day, not once or twice an hour.
If you are going to post multiple posts per day, spread them out. If you do them all at the same time, you will probably get less interaction per post and they will all go through the timeline at the same time. Your update will be old news by the afternoon.
The biggest thing is just to be smart about what you are posting and when. We talked about Newsfeed Optimization and much more at a recent webinar: Anatomy of a Business Facebook Page. The slides are included below!
PREV: Should You Think Like a Print Marketer for Internet Marketing Success?
NEXT: The Big Decision: Static or Dynamic?


text:
Now reading: Celebrating a nation of innovation
Outreach/Young Minds/Fun Stuff
Celebrating a nation of innovation
The national tour of Innovation150 — a celebration of Canadian ingenuity as part of the country's sesquicentennial — kicked off in Vancouver this week.
by Colin Hunter /
Canada has long been a nation of innovators. Its ambitious, diverse society is fertile soil for ingenuity and big ideas, from major scientific advances to social innovations that have led the world.
For Canada's 150th anniversary of Confederation, five of the country's leading science organizations have teamed up to celebrate and spark this ingenuity through the Innovation150 initiative.
Led by Perimeter Institute, Innovation150 is a nationwide partnership that engages Canadian youth, families, and communities across the country through two travelling exhibitions, major innovation festivals, a touring Maker Mobile, a digital storybook, guest speakers, and exciting online experiences.
The travelling science expo now begins its tour to more than 60 communities, reaching more than 100,000 youth across every province and territory, with a special focus on under-served audiences.
"Innovation150 is an excellent way to celebrate achievements in Canadian science and encourage our young people to engage with science and technology," said the Honourable Kirsty Duncan, Minister of Science, during the launch event at Vancouver's Science World.
"The discoveries made by Canadian researchers have had a tremendous impact on the world today, and the future discoveries of our scientists are bound to change our lives in exciting ways and help support a strong, vibrant middle class."
Also delivering congratulatory remarks at the launch was the Hon. Jody Wilson-Raybould, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada and M.P. Vancouver Granville.
"Our government understands that strong support for our country's scientific institutions and culture will help foster a nation of scientists and innovators," she said.
Supported by the Government of Canada, Innovation150 is delivered through a partnership between Perimeter, Actua, the Institute for Quantum Computing at the University of Waterloo, the Canadian Association of Science Centres, and the Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation.
"Innovation150 will engage Canadians of all ages, honouring the big thinkers who have made Canada the progressive country it is today, while motivating Canadian youth to pursue big, ambitious ideas that will make them the innovators of tomorrow," said Michael Duschenes, Managing Director and COO of Perimeter Institute.
"Ingenuity has always been one of our country's greatest resources, which Innovation150 will proudly celebrate through hands-on exhibitions, talks, and festivals from coast to coast to coast throughout 2017."
Perimeter Institute Director Neil Turok also launched a cross-Canada speaking series called "We Are Innovators." To be delivered in five Canadian cities, Turok explores, through historical examples and personal anecdotes, the traits and mindsets that drive true innovation: curiosity, creativity, courage, and collaboration.
Throughout 2017, Innovation150 will reach Canadians of all ages with:
Power of Ideas Tour — A travelling science expo from Perimeter Institute and Actua, young Canadians and their families explore the incredible ability of the human mind to question, make, and innovate. It includes a gymnasium-sized exhibition and a Maker Mobile travelling to 60+ communities. (Full tour schedule)
QUANTUM: The Exhibition — The first ever travelling show on quantum information science and technology. This fully interactive, bilingual experience from the Institute for Quantum Computing at the University of Waterloo showcases how quantum information technologies are poised to once again transform how we live, work, and play. It will travel to seven Canadian science centres throughout 2017. Learn more.
Innovation Festivals — Hosted in part by some of Canada's largest science centres, these region-wide celebrations inspire curiosity and innovation through a wide range of exciting activities targeted for young Canadians and families. See them all.
Innovation150.ca — The go-to digital showcase about Canadian innovation. The online hub includes a crowdsourced digital storybook from the Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation that celebrates people, places, and innovations of Canadian creativity and ingenuity. The website also hosts contests and other interactive activities.
The launch follows last July's announcement by the Honourable Mélanie Joly, Minister of Canadian Heritage, of $5.8 million in funding for Innovation150 through the Canada 150 Fund.
"The 150th anniversary of Confederation is the ideal opportunity to engage and inspire Canadians," said Minister Joly. "Innovation150 celebrates Canada's scientific and technological innovation. Young people and families all across the country will have the chance to discover the wealth of our scientific heritage in their own communities. Let's take a moment to reflect on the incredible discoveries that have shaped our identity."
To learn more about this Canada 150 Signature Initiative, visit Innovation150.ca.
The Power of Ideas Exhibition is supported by the Government of Canada, Shaw Communications, Cowan Foundation, and Toyota Foundation.
Tags: canada, Innovation150, innovation, canada 150
Fun Stuff, Outreach
Amazing Race teams test their mathematical mettle
When teams from The Amazing Race Canada dashed into Perimeter Institute, the gravity of their challenge left some racers befuddled at blackboards.
Colin Hunter/Aug 13, 2019
Cosmology, Outreach, Public Lectures, Young Minds
Perimeter Institute Director Neil Turok explores a universe of ideas in the presentation he delivered across Canada in 2017 as part of the country's 150th anniversary celebrations.
Colin Hunter/Jun 29, 2018
Innovation150 wraps up a year of "wow"
From mountain passes and ice roads to prairie heat and blazing fall colours, the Innovation150 partnership delivered a year of fun, fascinating science to Canadians of all ages.
Tenille Bonoguore/Dec 05, 2017
Alumni of PI, Quantum Information
Quantum Information, Quantum Matter


I had a client some while ago who felt anxious. After working with him for a few sessions he said that there was something he needed to tell me, but had been afraid to do so because he wasn't sure how it would affect him.
Obviously for reasons of confidentiality I'm not going to say what it was that he wanted to tell me about. All I will say is that for him it was massive, and it took a few sessions for him to make sure I was genuinely there for him and that I wasn't going to judge him.
Rather than diving straight in to what the issue was, we talked about talking about it, if you see what I mean. He envisioned this issue as if it were a dragon or some kind of monster. He pictured the shadow of something frightening which was lurking around the corner waiting to devour him. It took him a while to summon up the courage, but knowing that we were in this together he drew strength and tentatively peered into the issue.
He was amazed to find that instead of a monster, what he eventually saw was more like a mouse. Beside the mouse was a tiny candle which cast a large shadow of the mouse onto the wall. Instead of something to fear, here was something delicate. His sense of relief was palpable. Yes there were still issues to work on, but he was able to have compassion for himself and the work deepened.
Are you afraid of something? It might be good to talk about it as it may be weighing you down or preventing you from living with a sense of freedom.


You know all the signs. You're congested, have nasal drainage and a lot of pressure in your sinuses. You're sure it's a sinus infection. So, you go for treatment, but you receive instructions for self-care instead of an antibiotic. What gives?
Katie Schill, nurse practitioner with Prisma Health's Mobile Clinic, says this is a common question providers hear, usually followed by, "I received an antibiotic for the same symptoms before." Katie explains why.
"Medicine is an ever-changing field, and we are always looking at evidence to guide the best practice for our patients. Sinus infections and bronchitis are two illnesses that in the not so distant past you used to get an antibiotic for right away; however, evidence is changing," Katie said.
"We do not support antibiotics for sinus infections before two weeks of symptoms but will start to consider them at 10–14 days for some patients," she said.
So, why not just give an antibiotic anyway?
Antibiotics also can make you feel worse as they can cause or worsen nausea, diarrhea and stomach pain.
Prisma Health offers several same-day care options for minor illnesses such as UTIs. To learn more, visit PalmettoHealth.org/SameDayCare.


The competition in the global industrial rubber products market is moderate due to the presence of players having almost identical share in the market and having a strong brand value. The main six companies operating in the market are Continental AG, Hutchinson, Cooper Standard Automotive Inc., Freudenberg Group, Sumitomo Riko Co. Ltd., and Bridgestone Corp. Together, they held over 63.0% of market share in 2015.
Some of the key strategies employed by the leading players in the global market for industrial rubber products to improve their positions is looking out for acquisitions and partnerships to tap into new markets. This trend is likely to intensify the competition in the next couple of years.
The threat of external substitutes such as hard plastics is moderate in the global market for industrial rubber products. Aspiring players need to invest extensively in research and development and work hard to create a brand recall in order to gain a foothold in the market.
A report by Transparency Market Research forecasts the global industrial rubber products market to rise at a 5.80% CAGR from 2016 to 2024 to attain a value of US$79.5 bn by 2024-end from US$47.7 bn in 2015.
The different types of industrial rubber products available in the market are rubber horse, rubber roofing, mechanical rubber goods, and rubber belts, among others. Among them, mechanical rubber goods accounted for a maximum market share of 49.80% in 2015. Going forward, the TMR report predicts the segment to retain its leading share owing to the rising usage of these goods in automobiles worldwide.
From a geographical perspective, the global industrial rubber products market is currently dominated by Asia Pacific which is both a leading consumer and manufacturer. In 2015, Asia Pacific held a substantial 40.0% share in the overall market. Going forward, the region is predicted to hold on to its dominant share on account of the presence of numerous large rubber production facilities in the countries of China, India, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
An ever-expanding population, rising spending power of people in emerging economies of the world, and rapid urbanization are some of the primary factors driving growth in the global market for industrial rubber products. On account of the aforementioned factors, demand for bicycles and motorcycles across the globe has seen a major uptick and this in turn has driven up demand for rubber used in non-motor vehicle tires. Besides, increasing commercial construction, numerous infrastructural projects, and growing production of machinery are also said to be stoking the market.
"A restraint in the global market for industrial rubber products is the uncertain prices of raw materials and a strong dependency of suppliers on original equipment manufacturers. Besides, growing penetration of import and declining demand from transportation equipment manufacturing is also hobbling the market," explains the lead analyst of the report.


These are brass WWI British Enfield rifle oilers with a variety of WWI dates. Good condition with usual discoloration from age. No cracks or other damage. Leather washer still present. Some may be British Commonwealth marked. Our pick on dates, earliest dates will be sold first.


text:
Nuno Craveiro Lopes (* 1921 in Lissabon, Portugal; † 1972 in Lourenço Marques, Portugiesisch-Ostafrika) war ein portugiesischer Architekt und zeichnete sich für einige bekannte Bauten in den portugiesischen Kolonien Angola und Mosambik aus. Er ist der Sohn des Luftwaffengenerals und späteren Staatspräsidenten Portugals, Francisco Craveiro Lopes.

Leben
Nuno Craveiro Lopes wurde 1921 in der portugiesischen Hauptstadt Lissabon geboren. Sein Vater, Francisco Craveiro Lopes, war Luftwaffengeneral und späterer Staatspräsident, seine Mutter hieß Berta da Costa Ribeiro Artur. Nach seiner Schulausbildung absolvierte Lopes seinen Wehrdienst an der Luftwaffenschule in Sintra.

Nach seinem Wehrdienst studierte Lopes Architektur an der Escola de Belas-Artes in Lissabon bis 1945. Im Rahmen seines Studiums schloss sich Lopes der "MUD Junevil", der Jugendorganisation des Movimento de Unidade Democrática (MUD). Unter den Mitstreitenden befanden sich unter anderem auch Francisco Castro Rodrigues, José Dias Coelho, João Abel Manta, José Lima de Freitas, Jorge Ricardo Vieira, Bartolomeu Cid dos Santos, Tomaz de Figueiredo und Raúl Hestnes Ferreira. Nachdem Premierminister Salazar die Organisation 1947/48 verbieten ließ, kamen einige der Aktivisten ins Gefängnis (unter anderem ins Gefängnis von Caxias). Lopes organisierte Demonstrationen und Unterschriftenaktion gegen die Verhaftungen.

Nach seinem Studium arbeitete Lopes einige Zeit als freier Architekt und entwarf unter anderem einige Gebäude in Lissabon, darunter ein Gebäudekomplex in der Avenida do Brasil, gegenüber dem Hospital Júlio de Matos. Wie viele andere Architektinnen und Architekten in der Zeit, zog er Anfang der 1950er Jahre in die portugiesischen Kolonien, um dort arbeiten zu können. 1952 erhielt er die Aufgabe des Leiters der Urbanisierungs-Abteilung in der Kolonialverwaltung für öffentliche Bauten der portugiesischen Kolonie Mosambik. Als sein markantestes Werk gilt die Igreja de Santo António da Polana im heutigen Maputo, die Craveiro Lopes 1962 für die Kirchengemeinde entwarf. Insbesondere die kreisrunde Form sowie die Dachkonstruktion der Kirche prägen die architektonische Landschaft der mosambikanischen Hauptstadt.

Lopes war mit Helena Albertina da Silveira Pinto da França verheiratet. Nach einer Krankheit starb Lopes 1972 in Lourenço Marques, der Hauptstadt der Kolonie Mosambik (Portugiesisch-Ostafrika).

Werke (Auswahl)

 1962: Igreja de Santo António da Polana, Lourenço Marques [heute Maputo]
 undatiert (vor 1962): Cambambe-Talsperre, Distrikt Cuanza Norte
 undatiert: Igreja do Sagrado Coração de Jesus do Chibuto

Einzelnachweise

Architekt (Portugal)
Architekt (Mosambik)
Architekt der Moderne
Portugiese
Geboren 1921
Gestorben 1972
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to remove default title and summery from preference layout I'm trying to create a custom preference settings (which will contain a title, summary and a progress bar which will indicate to user the syncing process).
I have a problem to remove completely the original title and summery because it looks like there is indent in the layout (see attached picture for more details)
I have created a custom layout:
R.layout.manual_sync_layout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:clickable="true"
        android:focusable="true"
        android:id="@+id/manual_sync_layout"
        android:background="?attr/selectableItemBackground">

    <ImageView
            android:id="@android:id/icon"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            android:visibility="gone"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:contentDescription="@null"
            android:layout_gravity="center"/>

    <TextView android:id="@android:id/title"
              android:layout_width="match_parent"
              android:layout_height="wrap_content"
              app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
              app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
              android:textSize="16sp"
              android:padding="10dp"
              android:text="@string/manual_sync"
              android:textColor="@android:color/black"/>
    <TextView
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@android:id/title"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            android:id="@android:id/summary"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_below="@android:id/title"
            android:layout_alignStart="@android:id/title"
            android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall"
            android:textColor="?android:attr/textColorSecondary"
            android:maxLines="4"
            android:paddingTop="5dp"
            android:paddingBottom="5dp"
            android:paddingLeft="10dp"
            android:paddingRight="10dp"
            android:text="@string/sync_manually_desc"
    />

    <ProgressBar
            android:id="@+id/manual_sync_progress"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            android:indeterminate="false"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleSmall"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:visibility="gone"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

ManualSyncPreference
class ManualSyncPreference @JvmOverloads constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet, defStyleAttr: Int = 0) :
    Preference(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) {
init {
    widgetLayoutResource = R.layout.manual_sync_layout
}

override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: PreferenceViewHolder) {
    super.onBindViewHolder(holder)
    val manualSyncLayout = holder.findViewById(R.id.manual_sync_layout)
    val syncProgress = holder.findViewById(R.id.manual_sync_progress)
    manualSyncLayout.setOnClickListener {
        syncProgress.visibility = if(syncProgress.visibility== View.VISIBLE) View.GONE else View.VISIBLE
    }

}

}
preferences.xml
<PreferenceCategory
        app:title="@string/sync_header">

    <SwitchPreferenceCompat
            app:key="sync"
            app:title="@string/sync_title"/>

    <SwitchPreferenceCompat
            app:key="attachment"
            app:title="@string/attachment_title"
            app:summaryOn="@string/attachment_summary_on"
            app:summaryOff="@string/attachment_summary_off"
            app:dependency="sync"/>

    <com.example.myapplication.ManualSyncPreference
            app:key="manual_key"
            app:title=""
            app:summary=""/>

</PreferenceCategory>

there is a big margin in the last row

A: You need to set the layoutResource not the widgetLayoutResource - the widget layout resource is the part of the preference layout that contains a widget at the end, such as a switch or checkbox. In your case you want to replace the entire layout, so you need to change the layoutResource. I think just renaming widgetLayoutResource to layoutResource should work here.


You are at:Home»Bitcoin»What is Bitcoin ?
What is Bitcoin and what are its characteristics?
Great news! Bitcoin is way easier than what you would have thought. Our goal is to give you the keys so you can understand the basics of crypto-assets and their importance while pushing your knowledge via our blog so that these technologies won't be a secret anymore for you. Let's begin.
To put it simply, Bitcoin is a new form of money as it is the first system to propose peer-to-peer payments over the internet instantly and anywhere in the world. This technology follows the trend initiated by the internet, which allowed the decentralization of information and instantaneity of communications. Bitcoin brings the decentralization of transfers of value and instantaneity of transactions around the globe.
Bitcoin is decentralized, trustless and permissionless.
The network doesn't have a central authority, which means that there is no institution, corporation or government that controls Bitcoin. Any user can become a "Node" of the network and independently verify the legitimacy of Bitcoin transactions. Each node has its own copy of the Bitcoin "Blockchain". Hence, there is more than 10,000 copies of it around the world. The protocol is open-source which makes it retrievable by anyone who wants to look at it. Users can participate freely in the evolution of the technology by proposing upgrades to the protocol or building technologies on it. For the first time, money is backed by an extremely resilient platform.
Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer network.
For the first time in the digital world, you have the power to completely hold digital assets. You have total control over it and nobody can freeze or seize your funds against your will. When you make a Bitcoin transaction, you and the receiver are the only ones concerned by it and if your transaction is legitimate it will be accepted by the network no matter what. Bitcoin allows users to get rid of traditional third parties like banks and allows direct transfers of values between individuals.
Bitcoin is rare like a precious metal.
New units of bitcoin are produced every 10 minutes by a "mining" process and the quantity created is divided by two every 4 years. There will be no more than 21 million bitcoins in total. Every bitcoin is divisible down to 100 000 000 units called "satoshis", but it will be possible to modify this division in the future to increase the number of satoshis without changing the hard-capped number of bitcoins. The last fractions of bitcoins will be mined around 2140!
It relies on a public and distributed database called a "Blockchain," which keeps track of all of the bitcoins transactions since its inception. It is strictly impossible to modify a bitcoin transaction if it has been recorded on the blockchain. Nodes verify the legitimacy of all transactions going through the network, so it is not possible to add a falsified transaction to the blockchain.
In conclusion, Bitcoin is borderless because it is internet-based, censorship-resistant thanks to its decentralized architecture, and accessible by anyone who has a simple internet connection.
This is only the tip of the iceberg, so keep on reading to learn more!


We all know that traveling to Baguio is quite difficult because of its long traveling hours especially when you are only commuting. But did you know that you can get to Baguio in just 4 HOURS plus you can experience a luxurious and comfort trip. Yay! Amazing, right?
Last October, my friends and I went to Baguio for 2 days and 1 night. And because we all knew that when the time that we will go back to Manila, we're so damn tired. That's why I booked to this deluxe bus from Genesis Bus Transport.
Joy Bus is under Genesis Transport and started operating in August 2010. It is a wifi-equipped, 28-seater executive coach with comfort room initially catering nonstop transport to Baler, Aurora. In April 2012, Joy Bus opened new additional routes: Cubao-Baguio, Avenida-Baguio, NAIA-Baguio, and Pasay-Baguio.
Spacious leg room – I super loved this because tall girls like me will definitely enjoyed this spacious leg room. Unlike in other ordinary buses, my feet hurts every time especially if you're traveling for hours. So I highly commend this!
Bottled water holder – It also has a bottled water and a space for your other belongings.
Free snacks – By the way, may I remind you that there are no stopovers in Joy Bus that's why you can get to Baguio-Manila (vice versa) within 4 hours. So in case these are not enough for you, kindly bring more food with you.
Free blanket – I'm super happy when they gave us blankets! Blanket is life for me. I don't know, even if it's hot, I still use blankets. It makes me comfortable. Hehe.
Reclining chair -This is what you paid for, guys. The comfort and luxurious experience. Did you know that the whole trip, we're just sleeping like a baby. So peaceful. HAHAHA. That's comfortable this bus was!
Comfort room – Since there are no stopovers, they provided a common CR inside the bus. I didn't had a chance to try their CR but one of my friend did. She said the CR was neat and clean. She just a bit worried because it's hard to open the door. She thought she will be locked there forever. HAHA.
Note that they charge a minimal booking fee for 30 php per ticket.
Log in or register at www.iwantseats.com.ph.
Reserve your seat/s by choosing the date and destination of your trip. Choose the number of passenger/s.
Enter the name/s of the passenger/s and choose your seat/s. After that, you may check and view your itinerary.
Check and review the details also the terms and conditions. You can proceed now to the payment. Instructions will be given on the mode of payment chosen.
Once paid, send the proof of payment to payments@iwantseats.com.ph. Payments must be made within 48 hours before your reservation expires.
You will receive a confirmation e-mail with the voucher. Please print out your e-ticket.
Please go to the terminal 30 minutes before your scheduled trip. Show the e-ticket to the reservation officer and present a valid ID.
The reservation officer will issue a receipt. You are now ready to board.
If you have more questions, just click here.
We had a safe and comfortable trip with Joy Bus Executive Coach. I will highly recommend it to everyone especially for those who want to have a luxurious and less hassle trip.
One thing that I noticed was that they don't have wifi?! I thought they have because of the posts that I've been reading but well, it's fine. I just slept the whole trip instead. And that's more than satisfying. LOL.
Check out where we stayed in Benguet!!! Just click here.


There are 23 London Wedding Dress Designer suppliers from which to choose. Couples usually enquire with 6 vendors in this category and books 10 months out from their wedding date, typically Given UK weddings typically cost £21,585, this means UK couples spend % of their wedding budget on Wedding Dress Designer.
David's Bridal understands the importance of providing brides-to-be with a vast selection of beautiful bridal gowns and bridal party dresses.
Suzanne Neville dresses are hand crafted using the techniques of contemporary couture. Most well known for beautifully constructed wedding gowns and glamorous evening dresses.
TRULY BEAUTIFUL, glamorous and high quality maternity styles - at your fingertips.
Inspired to create classically beautiful styles with a modern twist - pushing the boundaries of what bridal wear means to the modern bride.
We ensure you get the perfect fit for your desired dress or gown with style advice and designs to aid you.
Phillipa Lepley is undoubtedly one of London's leading bridal couture designers known for her impeccable style and taste.
The independence and quality of the label should not be compromised and invested in more modern production and training techniques.
Augusta Jones presents fresh and contemporary approach to stylish wedding gowns. The concept behind the label is beautifully designed tailored gowns with lean, clean lines.
We offer unique and one-off gowns only available directly from our flagship boutique as well as a bespoke design service.
Stewart Parvin is one of the UK's premier fashion and bridal designers, who was granted a Royal Warrant of Appointment to Her Majesty the Queen.
Lillian Mayro has over 20 years experience in fashion design & production with some of the UK's most established fashion houses.
His philosophy has never wavered in his desire to create contemporary and exciting dresses which also flatter and have a romantic edge.
Charlie Brear collections of ready-to-wear, bridal and additions are designed and produced entirely in UK, using a diverse range of hand selected fabrics and trims.
I have a wealth of experience that has grown over the years from meeting and designing for many, many brides.
A new vision for bridal wear, one that combines an eco-friendly approach with the hand-crafted luxury, expected of the most desirable bridal collections & millinery.
To provide brides-to-be with a luxurious and diverse selection of shapes, colours, and fabrics to reflect their own individual style.
The creative and original designs are underpinned by jenny's knowledge of technique, fabric and embellishment.
Belle & Bunty handwriting, creating a bridal collection fusing modern contemporary style with the vintage inspired look.
The charlotte casadéjus blanc collection is inspired by vintage corsetry and couture principles.
Your wedding dress should be as individual as you are! Our designs are modern, cutting-edge, fashion forward, but still romantic and vintage-inspired.
At Luella's we have a stunning collection of unique wedding dresses including everything from 1920s style beaded dresses to beautiful delicate lace designs.
We offer you the very best in wedding dress design - luxury hand-crafted dresses, gowns and accessories embellished with detail, quality and care.


Mars Hill University defines interest organizations as student organizations whose stated purpose or goal is oriented toward some common interest, view, philosophy, or position of its membership who join together for the purpose of pursuing their common interest.
Follow the College Democrats Facebook page for up-to-date information.
Follow the College Republicans Facebook page for up-to-date information.


text:
#ifndef NUCLEAR_DSL_FUSION_HAS_PRECONDITION_HPP
#define NUCLEAR_DSL_FUSION_HAS_PRECONDITION_HPP

#include "../../threading/Reaction.hpp"
#include "NoOp.hpp"

namespace NUClear {
namespace dsl {
    namespace fusion {

        /**
         * @brief SFINAE struct to test if the passed class has a precondition function that conforms to the
         *        NUClear DSL
         *
         * @tparam T the class to check
         */
        template <typename T>
        struct has_precondition {
        private:
            typedef std::true_type yes;
            typedef std::false_type no;

            template <typename U>
            static auto test(int)
                -> decltype(U::template precondition<ParsedNoOp>(std::declval<threading::Reaction&>()), yes());
            template <typename>
            static no test(...);

        public:
            static constexpr bool value = std::is_same<decltype(test<T>(0)), yes>::value;
        };

    }  // namespace fusion
}  // namespace dsl
}  // namespace NUClear

#endif  // NUCLEAR_DSL_FUSION_HAS_PRECONDITION_HPP