text:
Q: ASP.NET obtener el certificado digital desde navegador del cliente Estoy realizando un enlace con la AEAT para el tema del SII.
Tengo un problema con la lectura del certificado. Me he encontrado que si tengo el certificado instalado en el nevagador, en producción, funciona correctamente, pero al publicar el proyecto no encuentra el certificado. ¿Alguien me podría ayudar para saber como obtener el certificado desde el navegador del cliente?
Os dejo el código que estoy utilizando actualmente.
Muchas gracias por adelantado.
Un saludo.
    HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
    X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, toreLocation.CurrentUser);
    store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
    X509Certificate2Collection certificates = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySerialNumber, NS_CERTIFICADO, true);
    if (certificates.Count == 0) throw new Exception(string.Format("NOT FOUND: {0}", NS_CERTIFICADO));
    X509Certificate2 certificate = certificates[0];
    webRequest.ClientCertificates.Add(certificate);
    webRequest.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", "");
    webRequest.ContentType = "text/xml;charset=\"utf-8\"";
    webRequest.Accept = "text/xml";
    webRequest.Method = "POST";
    return webRequest;

A: Os dejo como he conseguido solucionarlo por si a alguien le sirve.
string certificadoURL = @"c:\certificados\certificado.pfx";
string certificadoPASS = "password";
X509Certificate2 certificado = new X509Certificate2(certificadoURL, certificadoPASS, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);

webRequest.ClientCertificates.Add(certificado);
webRequest.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", "");
webRequest.ContentType = "text/xml;charset=\"utf-8\"";
webRequest.Accept = "text/xml";
webRequest.Method = "POST";
return webRequest;


text:
Home Living with Arthritis Coronavirus COVID-19 Vaccines
Coronavirus, COVID-19 Vaccines, Living with Arthritis
Study: Autoimmune Disease Patients Have a Slightly Lower Antibody Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine
PUBLISHED 07/28/21 BY Kelsey Kloss
Here's what to know about the latest COVID vaccine research if you have an underlying condition that makes you immunocompromised.
Learn more about our FREE COVID-19 Patient Support Program for chronic illness patients and their loved ones.
Credit: Andrii Shyp/iStock
Many people who are immunocompromised because of medical conditions and medications — including those with autoimmune diseases — have been anxiously waiting for more data to shed light on how effective the COVID-19 vaccines might be for them.
Now, a new pre-print study (meaning it hasn't been peer reviewed yet) posted on medRxiv is adding to the body of research available to draw answers from. In an interim analysis of an ongoing observational study that launched April 14, 2021 across Western Pennsylvania, researchers observed 107 healthy health care workers and 489 immunocompromised patients who had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Those with a history of COVID-19 infection were excluded from the study.
The researchers collected blood from participants to measure the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which causes COVID-19. Antibodies are proteins that stop pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 from infecting your cells. They're produced by the immune system after an infection or vaccination.
Compared to the healthy health care workers, seropositivity (which indicates the presence of antibodies) was lower among immunocompromised patients with solid organ transplant, autoimmune disease, hematological malignancies (cancers that affect the blood, bone marrow, or lymph nodes), and solid tumors.
Here's how the groups compared:
Healthy health care workers: 98.1% had antibodies
HIV patients: 94.6% had antibodies
Autoimmune patients: 83.8% had antibodies
Solid tumor patients: 82.4% had antibodies
Hematological malignancy patients: 54.7% had antibodies
Solid organ transplant patients: 37.2% had antibodies
Cancer patients who were receiving radiation therapy and other people who were taking certain specific medications, such as antimetabolites for transplant (such as mycophenolate) and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (medications like rituximab) for autoimmune disorders, were less likely to have antibodies after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
The researchers also took blood from some of the participants (30 health care workers and 36 immunocompromised patients) and tested it to see how well it could neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing a virus means its ability to replicate — and therefore its infectivity — is decreased.
The ability to neutralize the virus was strongly linked to patients' antibody levels, as measured by an independent FDA-approved test. This provided additional evidence that people who do not produce antibodies are at a greater risk of COVID-19 infection and that there's a connection between antibody levels and the ability to neutralize the virus.
However, there are some important limitations to these findings. For instance, experts still need to learn more about the degree of the antibody response in immunocompromised patients who were seropositive. They also don't know with certainty how well antibodies in immunocompromised patients may effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2.
Plus, there isn't an established level of antibodies that is connected to COVID-19 prevention yet (in fact, here's why experts urge against testing for antibodies after your COVID-19 vaccination). Even if you receive a negative antibody test, your immune system has more tools than just antibodies available to fight off the virus, including T cells and other immune cells. And of course, immunosuppressant medications can have varying effects on immunity from person to person.
Still, the results do show that not everyone responds to the COVID-19 vaccine in the same way — and some groups would likely benefit from continuing to practice mitigation efforts.
Research like this is also very important in discussions about whether an additional booster dose is needed for people on certain medications or with certain medical conditions.
"Our findings demonstrate the heterogeneity of the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines based on underlying immunosuppressive condition and highlight an urgent need to optimize and individualize COVID-19 prevention in these patients," note the researchers. "These findings also have implications on public health guidance, particularly given revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations permitting vaccinated individuals to abandon masking and social distancing in most settings."
Of course, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also note that it's important for immunocompromised patients to speak to their doctor before stopping COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Here's why you shouldn't toss away your mask yet if you're immunocompromised, even if you're fully vaccinated.
"At this point, clinical advice does not change for immunocompromised people, whether an antibody test is positive or negative," said researcher Ghady Haidar, MD, in a press release from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. "They should still wear a mask in public, practice social distancing, get vaccinated and encourage those around them to be vaccinated. A positive antibody test does not give us certainty that they are protected against the virus, and the risk of COVID-19 causing serious complications and death still exists."
Previous research has shown that autoimmune patients may not be as protected by the COVID-19 vaccine, even though experts agree it's still very important to get vaccinated (after all, some protection is better than none).
For instance, a May 2021 study showed that methotrexate may hamper the immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine. Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) that's often prescribed to those recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. While more than 90 percent of healthy subjects and inflammatory disease patients on biologic treatments had robust antibody responses, only 62 percent of those on methotrexate achieved an adequate response. What's more, patients taking methotrexate didn't have an increase in CD8+ T cell activation, another element of the immune system that might fight off the virus.
Other research has shown that rituximab can lead to worse COVID-19 outcomes and a diminished response to the COVID-19 vaccine. Rituximab is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and interferes with antibody production.
In the United States, a panel of independent advisers to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been discussing if autoimmune patients should receive a third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine to boost their immunity, reports NBC News. Recently, Israel approved COVID-19 booster shots for the immunocompromised.
Other vaccines require a different dosing schedule for the immunocompromised. For instance, the human papillomavirus vaccine involves two doses, but those with weakened immune systems receive three doses.
Although more data is needed, it is promising that nearly 84 percent of autoimmune patients developed antibodies in response to the vaccine in the newest study. This underscores the importance of getting vaccinated, even if you do have an underlying condition. Vaccines not only prevent COVID-19, but also severe outcomes like hospitalization and death.
Get Free Coronavirus Support for Chronic Illness Patients
Join the Global Healthy Living Foundation's free COVID-19 Support Program for chronic illness patients and their families. We will be providing updated information, community support, and other resources tailored specifically to your health and safety.
Edwards E. CDC advisory group meets to review data on extra shots for immune-compromised. NBC News. July 22, 2021. https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/cdc-advisory-group-meets-review-data-extra-shots-immune-compromised-n1274611.
Haidar G, et al. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccination in Immunocompromised Patients: An Observational, Prospective Cohort Study Interim Analysis. medRxiv. June 30, 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.28.21259576.
Study: Immunocompromised Response to COVID-19 Vaccination. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. June 30, 2021. https://www.upmc.com/media/news/063021-haidar-covics-interim-medrxiv.
Werbel WA, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Case Series. Annals of Internal Medicine. June 15, 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/L21-0282.
When You've Been Fully Vaccinated. COVID-19. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 27, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated.html.
How to Get Free COVID-19 At-Home Tests This Winter
What to Do If You're Immunocompromised and Were Around Crowds for the Holidays

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Sprookjessprokkelaar is een musical gebaseerd op het gelijknamige boek van Paul van Loon en Prinses Laurentien, geïllustreerd door Efteling-ontwerper Alessio Castellani. Dit boek vormde eerder al de basis voor een sprookjesfiguur in de Efteling en een korte film. De musical ging op 30 september 2017 in première in het Efteling Theater en werd daar tot 2 april 2018 opgevoerd. Daarna ging Sprookjessprokkelaar op tournee langs ruim vijftig verschillende theaters in Nederland en België. Voor deze 15e productie door Efteling Theaterproducties werd een samenwerking aangegaan met Corpus Acrobatics, waardoor er acrobatiek in de voorstelling te zien was.

Verhaal

Het verhaal gaat over de twaalfjarige Sterre, die met haar opa aan de rand van het bos woont. Als haar enige boek letterlijk stuk is gelezen, wijst opa haar op de verborgen sprookjesbibliotheek in het verlaten kasteel van Graaf Stanislav dat beheerd wordt door de mysterieuze Sprookjessprokkelaar. Daar, achter de juiste deur, wachten eindeloos veel verhalen die gelezen en verteld moeten worden. In het kasteel komen schilderijen van Willem en Catharine ("Kaat") van der Decken, Joris en de Draak, en Oberon en Titania tot leven. Ook ontmoet Sterre er de Sprookjessprokkelaar die haar vraagt om eerst een verhaal te delen voordat ze andere verhalen uit de bibliotheek mag lezen. Wanneer ze dit doet, wordt Stijn, een jongen uit het dorp, jaloers op haar. De moeder van Stijn zet vervolgens haar duistere toverkrachten in om de sprookjesbibliotheek voor eeuwig te sluiten.

Rolverdeling

Gastrollen
Per speeldag speelden 10-20 grootouders en hun kleinkind eenmalig mee in de musical.

Soundtrack
 Ouverture
 Ik mis je zo
 Vertel verhalen
 Visite
 De deur naar het verleden
 De deur naar het heden
 Als jij je hart volgt
 De Sprookjessprokkelaar
 Ga
 De deur naar de toekomst
 De vloek
 De Sprookjesbibliotheek

Trivia
 Davina Michelle nam samen met Lilo van den Bosch (in haar rol als Sterre) een versie van het nummer "Ga" op, die gepresenteerd werd als de officiële soundtrack van de voorstelling.
 Op 4 april 2019 gingen enkele kostuums van de voorstelling verloren bij een brand in een stomerij in Raamsdonksveer.

Musical
Efteling

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare enamel micro-crack characteristics of adult patients before and after removal of metal brackets. After the examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 45 extracted human teeth were divided into three groups of equal size. The length and width of the longest enamel micro-crack were measured for all the teeth before and after removal of metal brackets. The changes in the location of the micro-cracks were also evaluated. New enamel micro-cracks were found in 6 of 15 (40 per cent) examined teeth. Greatest changes in the width of enamel micro-cracks after debonding procedure appear in the cervical third of the tooth. On the basis of this result, the dentist must pay extra care and attention to this specific area of enamel during removal of metal brackets in adult patients.


Every single time you hear someone from the political right trying to make out that Jeremy Corbyn is some kind of hard-left economic extremist (as if the Tories are economic moderates in comparison), you've got to remember that they're trying to convince you that black is white.
In reality Labour's core economic policies under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership (public ownership of the rail industry, water companies, mail service, health service, police services & national grid + a National Investment Bank) are quite normal centre-left policies that are commonplace across the developed world.
Not only are these policies commonplace across the developed world, they're all incredibly popular with the public.
Renationalisation of our core infrastructure and services has overwhelming public support, and the only reason British people are a bit more divided over the excellent idea of a National Investment Bank is that Britain has never had a proper sovereign wealth fund like Norway, so a lot of people are unfamiliar with the idea.
There is a constant right-wing political narrative that Jeremy Corbyn is a terrifying hard-left economic extremist which rarely ever gets challenged by the mainstream media. But the really crazy thing is that while mainstream media hacks continually allow right-wingers to smear Jeremy Corbyn and Labour as economic extremists when they're not, they're simultaneously letting the Tories get away with implementing one crackpot economic policy from the hard-right fringe after another.
Only 3% of the British public agree with the proposition that police services should be privatised, yet that's exactly what the Tories have been up to. In 2012 they ignored expert opinion and public opinion alike and privatised the Police Forensic Science Service. Now that police privatisation policy has come back to haunt us all as one of the privatised forensic science companies has been caught manipulating the results of 10,000 samples from criminal cases. That's thousands of potential miscarriages of justice! Thousands of potential retrials (at the taxpayers' expense of course). Potentially thousands of innocent people fined, or even jailed for crimes they didn't commit. And most worrying of all, these manipulated samples could have allowed rapists, murderers and violent criminals to roam free as innocent people took the rap for their crimes.
Then there's schools. Only 6% of the public believe that schools should be privatised, yet that's exactly what the Tories have been doing since 2010. Over the last seven years they've transferred ownership of literally thousands of state schools to shady unaccountable private sector psuedo-charities that have then used bloated executive salaries in order to siphon millions out of our children's education budgets and into their own pockets. The mainstream media completely let them off the hook for implementing this fanatically right-wing policy. It's incredibly rare to see the mainstream journalists frame the situation as hard-right radicalism gone wrong whenever a privatised academy chain collapses into ruins, but that's exactly what it is because hardly anyone wanted our schools privatised in the first place.
Then there's the NHS. The public is split 84% to 10% in favour of running the NHS as a not-for-profit public service (which is Jeremy Corbyn's position), yet the Tories have been carving it up and giving away the pieces to their private sector mates ever since their disastrous 2012 Health and Social Care Act. The more they cut NHS funding and distribute services to their private sector mates, the worse NHS services are getting (just ask anyone who actually works in the NHS), but the mainstream media barely ever frame the worsening conditions in the NHS as yet another example of hard-right Tory radicalism gone wrong, because they're too busy trying to frame Jeremy Corbyn as the terrifying extremist for actually offering the public what the overwhelming majority of them say they want!
If Jeremy Corbyn was on about nationalising the airlines there would be legitimate grounds for claiming he's an economic extremist given that only 14% of the public support the idea, while 68% oppose it, but he's certainly not proposing that. And even if he was proposing a more radical left-wing policy like that, it's still not quite as extremist or unpopular as the Tory policies of privatising police services (87% against - 3% in favour), the NHS (84% against - 10% in favour) and schools (81% against - 6% in favour).
So the next time you hear a right-winger trying to deride Jeremy Corbyn as an economic extremist, you've got to realise that they're taking you for an idiot and trying to con you into believing that black is white.
And whenever you see someone from the mainstream media refusing to hold the right-winger to account over this kind of Orwellian deception, remember that they're making themselves absolutely complicit in the con.


text:
School Dress Codes Limit Students Freedom Of Expression
Where the limit on freedom of expression is minimal, the court may, in certain circumstances like elections advertising, accept section 1 justifications for this limit based on logic and reason without supporting social science evidence (B. Dress codes are typically implemented by school districts and employers to promote learning, safety, and image. District, Penn Manor School District Board of Directors, their employees, agents or assigns are preliminarily enjoined and restrained from enforcing the portion of the Penn Manor School District Student Handbook that prohibits any student dress or expression that "is a distraction to the educational. There have been later rulings that say a school can ban vulgar dress, but if the school wants to ban something besides vulgarity, they have to be able to demonstrate in a court. School Uniforms Stifle Freedom of Expression School Policies, 2008 "Our biggest problem with a school uniform policy is the anti-individuality message it sends. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Students, teachers, and parents have varied feelings about the need for students to wear uniforms. University Conduct Process XI. Colleges Have No Right to Limit Students' Free Speech Restrictive campus speech codes are, in fact, regressive. Columns, their freedom of expression through dress and how that was interpreted in the student handbook during my youth. • Students have the right to remain anonymous when reporting a violation of school rules. The argument about if students should wear uniforms or not could go on forever because there are pros and cons to both sides. First Amendment Freedom of Expression In 1969, The United States Supreme Court ruled that public school students do not leave their constitutional right to freedom of expression at the schoolhouse gate. The choice of dress is a girl student's right and freedom of expression," said Ulema president Sayyid Muhammed Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal. Des Moines Independent Community School District is an enduring one in American history. Forcing students to dress and look alike flies in the face of the diversity of thought and rugged individualism that are the bedrock of our nation and our Constitution. Students expresses their own freedom of expression by wearing their own clothes. Dress codes are typically implemented by school districts and employers to promote learning, safety, and image. The law obviously states that anyone has the freedom of expression, and many feel that a uniform forces a student to express an idea that he/she may not believe. Further, expression that is designed to make a point, regardless of form, shall be protected as long as it does not violate the guidelines of this Policy. The academic community, if it is to properly serve the student, must enjoy freedom from disruption. Dissent ("Dissent"): the fundamental right of expression of counterpoint(s) through symbols, speech, expression, satire, flyers or leaflets, action, and other comparable forms of expression. Puyallup schools aim to shed dress code labels. Freedom of expression is meaningless if it only covers that which is popular or uncontroversial. The school said "concerns" had been raised over the length of girls' skirts and new. Check out our student loan calculator. Human Rights Watch takes the view that blanket restrictions on students wearing religious dress and symbols in schools are contrary to international human rights law. Students not selected for Early Decision Nursing opportunity will have the opportunity to be considered for Early Action Nursing opportunity and/or regular admissions to the university with another academic major selection. Public school students do not lose their constitutional rights when they walk through the schoolhouse doors. The students of Suffolk University and the organizations recognized by the University shall be free to examine and discuss all questions of interest to them and to express opinions publicly and privately on those questions. Fortunately for us though, the dress code that is actually the exact same as the one you suffered through, never passed the vote with the school bo. School administrators institute codes primarily to foster productive learning environments in the face of rising racially motivated and other offensive incidents on many campuses. Dayah Dover, 16, a junior at Skyview High School, is standing up against the school's newly implemented dress code change banning students from wearing leggings and yoga pants to classes without. I would like a further explanation on freedom of expression in school on the basis of dress code. STUDENT DRESS CODES. The choice of dress is a girl student's right and freedom of expression," said Ulema president Sayyid Muhammed Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal. delegates to the Superintendent of Schools and building principals the responsibility to regulate the content of school publications. Their freedom of expression is also limited: often they cannot criticize school officials or wear offensive or suggestive clothing. You might choose to express yourself by the way you dress, the music you listen to, the websites you create and read, and the politics in which you participate. Angel Franco/The New York Times Dress codes in public schools have become a hot-button issue in the US and are often criticized for focusing on girls. Mandating school uniforms is a growing practice in public and private schools. One's style of dress is, of course, often a form of expression, a statement of one's own persona, and that may be especially true for teenagers asserting their own stylistic preferences. Your school is required to write down its rules on student speech and publications. The Tomah School Board will decide next month whether to join the rest of the Mississippi Valley Conference in banning displays of the Confederate flag. Several legal challenges have asserted that students' freedom to select what to wear to school is a form of self-expression that schools are not entitled to interfere with. S government has altered the freedom of speech many times in court, whether it be expanding the rights that were given with the freedom of speech or diminishing the power of it and thus prohibiting people from saying what the government deems as harmful and. Student Dress Codes. - School uniforms and dress codes are intended to stop disruptions to the learning process by banning lewd, obscene or offensive clothing. Longwood offers Early Action Admission to freshman applicants entering the fall semester. Instead, the ban was based on the T-shirt's. Columns, their freedom of expression through dress and how that was interpreted in the student handbook during my youth. This is similar to the students in Iran being barred from attending school for their political views, but the difference is that the U. The School Uniform Policy serves as an. But a Calgary-based lawyer who won a. In the 1970's, however, several high school students were disciplined for coming to school wearing black armbands protesting the Vietnam War. In a piece. Article 19(1)(a) of Indian Constitution says that all citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression. 4) Studies indicate that a school dress code can reduces the prevalence of certain behaviors which are often expressed through wardrobe such as violence or promiscuity. Having religious dress codes foisted on children following a different religion. Although the benefits of freedom of speech are evident, some groups may abuse this privilege by promoting racist views, as well as fascism. All people in the United States are guaranteed the right of freedom of expression as written in the United States Constitution. WATERLOO - Nearly two-thirds of Waterloo Community Schools' parents sampled in a scientific survey voiced at least some support for a proposed restricted dress code coming before the Board of. org, where many people go to express their opinions about certain topics, only 29% of Americans think dress codes are. And while the dress code does prevent inappropriate dress, does it also limit girls' fashion and self-expression? I feel that it does. But it also looks at how women in particular have their freedom of expression curtailed by rigid dress codes – whether they are women in Saudi Arabia who have to wear abayas by law or women in the UK and Canada whose employers insist they wear high heels shoes. Kerikeri High School has banned plunging. As I speak for the student body, we are not asking for a completely renovated dress code, but rather, that we are allowed to express ourselves through the basics, tops and bottoms. Freedom of Expression and Media Pluralism in The Gambia Media4Democracy February 2018 6 1. The history of school dress code. It's a new dress that her grandma got her and she really wanted to wear it. If school systems send students home due to a dress code, the time they spend learning is interrupted. It violates freedom of expression, 1st amendment right! It violates freedom of expression among students. Many of the opponents of the proposal to use a jacket and tie say that this proposal is elitist and also says that this proposal violets freedom of expression. " Therefore, the Constitution provides explicit protection for government employees only, which obviously includes teachers. Students expresses their own freedom of expression by wearing their own clothes. Bernard Spokane, Washington 99201 Phone: Translate; Website accessibility; Non-discrimination statement; Sign In. For instance, courts have allowed more limits on children's freedom of expression in K-12 schools than on adults in other settings (including colleges and universities), as part of balancing students' rights with schools' responsibility to ensure that children have a safe learning environment. cess under section 1 of the Charter. They shall respect not only their fellow students' rights but also the rights of other members of the academic community to free expression of views based on their own pursuit of the truth and their right to function as citizens independent of the University. Do school dress codes end up body-shaming girls? By Kelly Wallace, CNN. abridging the freedom of speech. In protecting students from harassment and discrimination, lawmakers and experts say public colleges and universities are violating students' right to free speech on college campuses. Regulations and Procedures Governing Freedom of Expression by Students: P2613: Student Dress Code: R2613: Student Dress Code: R2614: Maintaining a Safe and Secure Environment—Use of Physical Interventions: R2616: Questioning of Students by Police: P2620: Students With Physically Aggressive or Violent Behavior: R2620: Students With Physically Aggressive or Violent Behavior: P2630. 72, § 83 Dress and appearance of students protected. • Students have the right to engage in the grievance process. Right: Students have a constitutional right to freedom of expression provided such expression does not violate this Code of Conduct or otherwise disrupt or interfere with education, discipline, or the normal activities of the school. 26 - Every group of students has a right to organize and to promote the interests of its members, provided that the purposes of such group are lawful. It promotes conformity over individuality. Identities are destroyed and self expression is extremely limited when you. Most adults should agree that learning how to obey a dress code is something students should be taught before they venture out into the world. The students have the rights and responsibilities of a free academic community. com)-- The Thomas More Society, a public interest law firm, has declared the Rio Rancho Middle School's refusal to allow students to form a pro-life club a "violation of the First Amendment," and advised the public school that it could face a federal civil rights lawsuit if it does not sanction the club. Moreover, these rules do not allow students to wear what they want, which is suppressing their freedom of expression. Non-uniform schools sometimes still have dress codes, but other times students are allowed to wear whatever they want and these could cause problems in schoo,l resulting in bullying and fighting. Char Krause, the district's director of student services, said the changes align with policies that promote freedom of expression. If any student were to. During a. Furthermore, they point out, policies place limitations on freedom of expression and creativity. Where the limit on freedom of expression is minimal, the court may, in certain circumstances like elections advertising, accept section 1 justifications for this limit based on logic and reason without supporting social science evidence (B. Fortunately for us though, the dress code that is actually the exact same as the one you suffered through, never passed the vote with the school bo. The constitutional rights of students at school can get complicated. Freedom of expression is meaningless if it only covers that which is popular or uncontroversial. While requiring a specific type of clothing, it is not our purpose to interfere with student decisions or freedom of expression. School officials state the students were suspended for conduct that disrupted the educational process. It promotes conformity over individuality. WATERLOO - Nearly two-thirds of Waterloo Community Schools' parents sampled in a scientific survey voiced at least some support for a proposed restricted dress code coming before the Board of. The new dress code, which was authorized in a closed-door school board meeting without student input, was scheduled to go into effect the week after spring break. Instead, our schools should embrace the First Amendment as a legacy of freedom that each student has the honor and duty to uphold. Regulations and Procedures Governing Freedom of Expression by Students: P2613: Student Dress Code: R2613: Student Dress Code: R2614: Maintaining a Safe and Secure Environment—Use of Physical Interventions: R2616: Questioning of Students by Police: P2620: Students With Physically Aggressive or Violent Behavior: R2620: Students With Physically Aggressive or Violent Behavior: P2630. There were approximately 75 hate speech codes in place at U. Let the Students Speak! details the rich history and growth of the First Amendment in public schools, from the early nineteenth-century's failed student free-expression claims to the development of protection for students by the U. Your school is required to write down its rules on student speech and publications. 2 thoughts on " Dress Codes< Freedom of expression " Morgan Dougherty October 4, 2013 at 8:37 am. Each and every child who walks through our door receives exceptional training, freedom of expression and the inspiration to continue their dance education. The policy banned apparel with messages and slogans of any kind – commercial, political, social, or humorous/ironic. Claudene Wharton, "College of Education Researchers Conduct Study on Impacts of School Uniforms," unr. Consideration of issues concerning school safety. Business casual is the most relaxed of the three levels of professional attire. Hollomand and Sylvan I. For more than 20 years, public schools have recognized the benefits of dress codes and/or school uniforms in all levels of education. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects a student's rights to freedom of religion and freedom of expression. As previously stated, we want you as a student to have an impactful college experience so you can be a successful and contributing citizen; but we want you to do soin an environment that is safe and where all students conduct themselves in a manner befitting UNCW students, and where all community members are afforded the highest levels of. During high school, it's natural to want to express who you are, what you like, and what you think. The dress code policy may require students to wear a school uniform or may. And courts have been inclined to uphold such policies as long as there are waivers for students who are opposed to uniforms on religious grounds and. Dress Code Policies vs. A Colorado school district is embroiled in sexy, sexy scandal after a senior girl's picture was barred from the pages of its yearbook on the grounds that it depicted the dress code being violated. Governments that block the aspirations of their people, that steal or are corrupt, that oppress and torture or that deny freedom of expression and human rights should bear in mind that they will find it increasingly hard to escape the judgement of their own people, or where warranted, the reach of international law. Teacher Freedom of Expression 53 bodies. This assault on freedom of expression comes in the form of a government-decreed dress code for voters. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects a student's rights to freedom of religion and freedom of expression. Since this is what they use to express themselves, it leads them to lose a sense of who they are. Students' free-speech. The Value and Limits of Academic Speech: A History of the Fight for Free Expression in American Schools by David L Student Dress Codes and the First. Students expresses their own freedom of expression by wearing their own clothes. The Tomah School Board will decide next month whether to join the rest of the Mississippi Valley Conference in banning displays of the Confederate flag. That includes pajamas, leggings, holes in jeans/pants and low cut, tube, one shouldered, halter, spaghetti strap, see-through and bareback tops. Common sense and cultural sensitivity needed in school uniform codes activities and to freedom of expression. Making school uniforms mandatory is a way of taking away the freedom of choosing what to wear and in the long run, it causes more harm than good to the students. Self-Expression. An appeals court ruling said the policy, which bars non-school-related messages on clothing, did. Students Have Rights! The First Amendment to the U. If so, check out our guide to the pros and cons of school uniforms. The Department reserves the right to insist that student dress, personal appearance, and conduct shall be of such character as to not disrupt or detract from the educational environment of the school nor tend to diminish the instructional effectiveness or disciplinary control of the teacher. "In this sweeping, meticulous, and authoritative account, Justin Driver shows how the Supreme Court has long shaped the lives of students in American public schools, for better but also patently for worse—affirming their freedom of speech yet thwarting it, for example, and ending their separation by race in theory yet making that almost. The choice of dress is a girl student's right and freedom of expression," said Ulema president Sayyid Muhammed Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal. Many school boards, mindful of their responsibility to provide safe school environments for students, have implemented policies specifying dress codes or the wearing of uniforms. Behave in a safe manner at school. However, local dress codes, especially in schools, can still infringe upon First Amendment rights. " The judge ruled that, in this case, "society's interest in information con-cerning the operation of its schools outweighs any strain on the teacher-principal relationship. Developing a moral code, rather than becoming self-aware, was society's prime goal for its young. Dress codes limit clothing dress code" (a school uniform). During high school, it's natural to want to express who you are, what you like, and what you think. 26 - Every group of students has a right to organize and to promote the interests of its members, provided that the purposes of such group are lawful. Does Limiting Religious Activity at School Limit Our Right To Free Speech? February 26, 2018 meghanwills 1 Comment Freedom of speech is arguably one of the most valued amendments for many Americans, as it separates us from many other countries in the way that we are able to speak our minds however we choose. Freedom of Speech Essay. A Colorado school district is embroiled in sexy, sexy scandal after a senior girl's picture was barred from the pages of its yearbook on the grounds that it depicted the dress code being violated. Circuit Court of Appeals recently struck down a portion of a school's dress code in Newsom v. A typical complaint is that the school uniform prevents the students from self-expression, which is a rather weak argument. School Uniforms and Dress Codes. Student Dress Codes By Lynne A. Dayah Dover, 16, a junior at Skyview High School, is standing up against the school's newly implemented dress code change banning students from wearing leggings and yoga pants to classes without. Other students, however, did not feel the same and said their thoughts about the school would definitely be affected if a dress code were to be enforced. Right: Students have a constitutional right to freedom of expression provided such expression does not disrupt or interfere with education, discipline, or the normal activities of the school. Students and teachers have the rights to freedom of religion and belief, freedom of expression and freedom of association under the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006. When you can't enforce something with fidelity and through a lens of equity, what often happens is a type of dress code enforcement that is rooted in racism,. For some students school uniforms increase their sense of belonging and school pride. Some places that have established a uniform policy have showed improved graduation and attendance rates but not academic performances. run by the government, civil liberties include the freedom of students in school and the limits to the school's control over your life. In protecting students from harassment and discrimination, lawmakers and experts say public colleges and universities are violating students' right to free speech on college campuses. In 1989, Conseil d'État (Council of State), France's highest administrative tribunal, sought measures to resolve the growing controversy of religious symbolism in public schools. receive a written copy of the school's policies and procedures, including the Citywide Behavioral Expectations for Supporting Student Learning (including the Discipline Code) and the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) Student Bill of Rights and Responsibilities, early in the school year or upon admission to the school during the. • When implemented, school dress code policies should be developed with input from students, families, and other school community stakeholders. Your school is required to write down its rules on student speech and publications. Freedom of Expression Free speech and symbolic speech Restrictions: Libel and slander laws Clear and Present Danger rule Inciting a riot "Fire" Prior restraint Restraining an action before it even occurs (censorship) Prior restraint is usually struck down by Sup. Your school is required to write down its rules on student speech and publications. The students did not return to school until after New Year's Day, the planned end of the protest. Violations of Free Expression. The board spent nearly an hour of its. Uerling, J. freedom of expression as seen in dress, found both in South Africa and internationally, receives attention. Public school students "do not shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate. The dress code policy may require students to wear a school uniform or may. Regulations and Procedures Governing Freedom of Expression by Students: P2613: Student Dress Code: R2613: Student Dress Code: R2614: Maintaining a Safe and Secure Environment—Use of Physical Interventions: R2616: Questioning of Students by Police: P2620: Students With Physically Aggressive or Violent Behavior: R2620: Students With Physically Aggressive or Violent Behavior: P2630. Where the limit on freedom of expression is minimal, the court may, in certain circumstances like elections advertising, accept section 1 justifications for this limit based on logic and reason without supporting social science evidence (B. we live in Minnesota and having 65 degree weather in April a week after a snow storm is everything to us in the Midwest. Daniels' 2nd graders are exercising their right to freedom of expression as part of an International Baccalaureate unit called "Who We Are".  School to Work Program - Time assigned on Saturday, or before or after school, for supervised school or community work and/or clean-up activities. (a) The right of public school students to freedom of speech is guaranteed by the Constitution of the United states and the Constitution of the Commonwealth. Mandatory Public School Uniforms are a Good Thing Essay 1419 Words 6 Pages Nowadays, we see many teenagers dress in spaghetti-strap tank tops, low-cut shirts, drop pants, pajamas, and even spandex shorts in school even though there have been policies about dress codes. Whose speech is compelled more than anyone's in the country? Why teachers and students in K-12 schools, of course. This enables students to succeed in school and the community. However, there is no. Most adults should agree that learning how to obey a dress code is something students should be taught before they venture out into the world. Freedom of expression is an inalienable human right and the foundation for self-government. However, this right is subject to reasonable limits and may not be used to disrupt the educational environment or interfere with the rights of others. Uniforms also give the students a sense of belonging in addition to giving them a common identification look. [ii] Even if your school has a gendered dress code policy, you should still be able to wear the clothing and hairstyle allowed any student. This code is distributed to student and parents/guardians and is available at the school. Dimond High is no exception. It's a new dress that her grandma got her and she really wanted to wear it. For instance, courts have allowed more limits on children's freedom of expression in K-12 schools than on adults in other settings (including colleges and universities), as part of balancing students' rights with schools' responsibility to ensure that children have a safe learning environment. Religion, I think has a certain limit. Guide to cost limits. Constitution protects every individual's freedom of speech: his or her right to express artistic, religious, and political viewpoints. Harassment can consist of words or conduct. This means that schools can restrict clothing with vulgarities and such. in extracurricular activities, whether the violation occurred while school was in session or while school was not in session. The dress code stated that students, referred to as "Renaissance Men," were not allowed to wear caps, do-rags, sunglasses or sagging pants on the Morehouse campus or at college-sponsored events. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN WARTIME " THomAs I. Freedom of Speech Essay. STUDENT DRESS CODES. Right: Students have a constitutional right to freedom of expression provided such expression does not disrupt or interfere with education, discipline, or the normal activities of the school. The survey found students believed First Amendment freedoms were secure, and they generally preferred that campuses be open environments that encourage a wide range of expression. The Right to Freedom of Expression. School Dress Codes Limit Students' Freedom of Expression Students' Rights, 2005 According to Charles Haynes in the following viewpoint, numerous lawsuits have found that school districts have overly broad and unconstitutional dress codes. The first limit of freedom of speech is that it does not apply to all types of employees. Constitution that guarantees students freedom of religious expression also restricts religious expression by teachers. and the SRNA holds that Ms. As such, the courts have ruled them constitutional despite students pleading for "the freedom of expression" and the lesser-known "freedom to see skin. Velma LaPoint, Lillian O. 1) There is no protected freedom of expression. Threats, religious matters, and student's freedom of expression in an educational institution are some of many exceptions of freedom of speech. A student who wishes to exceed the 19-unit maximum limit must have a cumulative 3. Tinker was all about freedom of expression. Schools can restrict student speech only if it materially interferes with or dis-rupts the school's operation, id. I believe we, as students, should be able to exercise our freedom of expression through our style when we go to school each day. Since this is what they use to express themselves, it leads them to lose a sense of who they are. Having religious dress codes foisted on children following a different religion. Students Student Dress Code The Board of Education has determined that reasonable regulation of school attire will promote important educational interests including: (1) Reducing distraction and loss of self-esteem caused by teasing or competition over clothing; (2) Providing an environment where students can focus more on learning;. School's programs because of the student's race, color, sex, religion, national origin, ancestry, age, disability, sexual orientation and gender identity. Des Moines Independent Community School District is an enduring one in American history. Students shall dress in a respectful manner, in order to: Promote the health, safety and dignity of all students; Help preserve school property (beyond normal wear and tear); Strike a balance between absolute freedom of expression and the community's sense of. And courts have been inclined to uphold such policies as long as there are waivers for students who are opposed to uniforms on religious grounds and. Students were already wearing their personal styles to school, often with the prior approval of an adult at home. Constitution?. Freedom of expression is meaningless if it only covers that which is popular or uncontroversial. Emotions run high, lowering the degree of rationality which is required to make such a system viable. They have signed a petition on change. Freedom of Expression: The Philosophical Basis Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. It specifically refers to "controversial or unpopular opinions". Because dress may convey a message, the First Amendment comes into play in determining how far a school district can go in regulating what students wear. But like other things, standardized school. Public school students "do not shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate. The exercise of this right carries with it special duties and responsibilities (see Article 19 ICCPR and Article 10 ECHR). Some petitioners of the school dress code cases use the reasoning of Tinker to argue that dress codes violate the First Amendment rights of students. Article 10(1) allows a) every citizen has the right to freedom of speech and expression; b) all. " The authors of this two-part viewpoint contend that school uniform policies erode students' rights of expression. Section 6 below provides specific examples of prohibited conduct. If you answered "yes" to either question, you probably have strong feelings about uniform requirements in schools. The benefits of freedom of speech are somewhat obvious, for instance, sharing of ideas can enhance productivity at the workplace, not to mention that it fosters social relationship. Bossier Parish School Board (2001), the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that a school district's dress code did not violate a student's First Amendment rights. Kerikeri High School has banned plunging. Existing law grants to public school pupils the right to exercise freedom of speech and of the press, as specified. These might include addresses to entering students, discussions in informal settings such as the residential colleges, and special attention to. This is similar to the students in Iran being barred from attending school for their political views, but the difference is that the U. Students will also examine some penal codes currently in force in Latin-American countries, comparing them to selected Wisconsin criminal statutes and cases. Every school has its rules. I believe we, as students, should be able to exercise our freedom of expression through our style when we go to school each day. Des Moines Ind School System This supreme court ruling states that a persons 1st amendment rights (freedom of expression) do not stop at the schoolhouse gate. You have a right to freedom of expression; however, when you exercise that right, you must do so in a responsible. Freedom of speech is a person's right to speak his or her own opinions, beliefs, or ideas, without having to fear that the government will retaliate against him, restrict him, or censor him in any way. Updated 8:48 AM ET, Tue May 30, 2017. Moreover, these rules do not allow students to wear what they want, which is suppressing their freedom of expression. While racial generalizations and insults may not breach laws against hate speech (which catch only a narrow category of extreme speech), when they occur in the workplace or in the schools they may be treated as harassment or discrimination. Freedom of Speech and Expression. Not only do school uniforms decrease violence in school but it also aids in helping students to resist peer-pressure, concentrate on their school work, and helping school officials recognize intruders who come to the school. (a) The right of public school students to freedom of speech is guaranteed by the Constitution of the United states and the Constitution of the Commonwealth. What You Need to Know Handbook of Student Rights and Responsibilities Charter of Students' Rights, Articles 25-2625 - Every student enjoys within the University the freedoms of opinion, of expression and of peaceful assembly. Students often use clothing as an outward manifestation of their personalities to show the world who they are without having to articulate it through speech or dramatic behavior. university's goal, through maintenance of standards set forth in the Code of Student Conduct (Code), is to help students experience democratic citizenship and its attendant obligations and responsibilities. But does that freedom apply to high school and middle school students in Des Moines, Iowa? The Supreme Court said it does! The Supreme Court ruled in Tinker v. On top of that, many expect students to wear uniforms. S government has altered the freedom of speech many times in court, whether it be expanding the rights that were given with the freedom of speech or diminishing the power of it and thus prohibiting people from saying what the government deems as harmful and. The Paradoxes of Liberty: the Freedom of Speech (Re-)Considered The freedom of speech is crucial to an open society, as pointed out by Mill. To eliminate punishment because of mild infractions of the dress code, the dress code needs to be changed so that it doesn't prey on little issues that really do not affect the students learning or how they present themselves in school (2). Introduction. Where it's located:. School Uniforms Stifle Freedom of Expression School Policies, 2008 "Our biggest problem with a school uniform policy is the anti-individuality message it sends. School dress codes limit distractions but can't limit freedom of expression, experts say Updated Aug 25, 2014 ; Posted Aug 25, 2014 Allentown's first day of school, Sept. Some say that this is a learning environment and that dress codes regulations should be applied for a more focused student body, but, if this was the case, the rules would be applied equally. After years of appeals, the U. Girls Speak Out Against Sexist School Dress Codes principals and administrators of Des Moines schools met and together resolved to rid the schools of this disturbance. The Code is not intended to limit freedom of expression or peaceful assembly, for the District recognizes the value of free inquiry and free expression. Many school districts in the United States restrict young people's freedom of expression by making rules around what is acceptable to wear. rights and freedom of expression. Candidate, Emory University School of Law (2014); B. As the "Star-Spangled Banner" says, this is the land of the free. building procedure for disciplinary referrals regarding dress code violations. Avoiding Disruption Dress codes regained popularity in the 1990s as part of an effort to curb gang violence. Self-Expression. A government agency, the Federal Communications Commission, controls broadcast content, so obscenity is limited through the airwaves. Prior to the beginning of each school year, the school board may make revisions to the Code of Student Conduct and Discipline. That includes pajamas, leggings, holes in jeans/pants and low cut, tube, one shouldered, halter, spaghetti strap, see-through and bareback tops. Cross References: 3220 - Freedom of Expression Legal References: RCW 28A. Receipt of academic grades based only on academic performance. June 2012; May 2012; Categories. Students want to demonstrate their unique style, but the competition to wear designer clothes distracts from academic. The clothes expresses how they feel and where they came from. Students may carry a maximum of 19 units. Employers often set rules regarding how their employees are expected to dress in the workplace. Policies may apply to individual school buildings or to all school buildings. For instance, dress codes that prohibit clothing that is vulgar, obscene or worn in a manner that disrupts school activity are generally permitted - whereas dress codes that censor student expression because educators do not like the message are generally not permitted. Freedom of expression encompasses the freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, and association, and the corollary right to receive information without interference and without compromising personal privacy. This is similar to the students in Iran being barred from attending school for their political views, but the difference is that the U. 4) Studies indicate that a school dress code can reduces the prevalence of certain behaviors which are often expressed through wardrobe such as violence or promiscuity. 13 2013 Daniels, Stephen. Longwood offers Early Action Admission to freshman applicants entering the fall semester. In public schools, dress codes and uniforms are determined by the school or by the community. Supreme Court said in 1968:. Daniels' 2nd graders are exercising their right to freedom of expression as part of an International Baccalaureate unit called "Who We Are". Taking away this freedom of religious expression can also lead parents to choose private faith schools, limiting integration and the mixing of different cultures. Students who choose to express their religious beliefs at school are permitted to: Express these beliefs at school, in homework, and in school assignments. Let the Students Speak! details the rich history and growth of the First Amendment in public schools, from the early nineteenth-century's failed student free-expression claims to the development of protection for students by the U. Check out our student loan calculator. Its not possible to demonstrate the sense of style. A school's dress and grooming policy states students cannot wear hats or head coverings, and male students' hair cannot extend past their ears. The guidelines affirm two obligations imposed on school officials: 1) schools may not forbid students acting on their own from expressing their personal religious beliefs; 2) schools may not discriminate against private religious expression by students, but must instead give students the same right to engage in religious activity and discussion. 1 Preamble: The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC) is dedicated to improving the quality of life for individuals and society by promoting health, and curing preventing. activities, whether on or off school grounds. Everyday there are students walking around with hoodies, shirts untucked, and no belts on. The dress code policy may require students to wear a school uniform or may. Nearly 22% of American public and private schools currently have a uniform policy in place. 16, 2019 -- Mr. For example, in 2008, when a school in Big Bear Lake, CA,. • Students have the right to remain anonymous when reporting a violation of school rules. Guide to cost limits. Threats should always be enforced because it violates all three natural rights we are born with. Through their parents, the students sued the school district for violating the students' right of expression and sought an injunction to prevent the school district from disciplining the students. However, many barriers placed on children's daily lives often restrict or limit the enactment of children's participatory rights in practice, most noticeably in education. (3) That students and faculty have the freedom to discuss any problem that presents itself, as the First Amendment permits and within the limits of reasonable viewpoint, and content-neutral restrictions on time, place, and manner of expression that are consistent with this article and that are necessary to achieve a significant institutional. East Ridge High School, located in Woodbury, Minnesota, serves over 1,850 students in grades 9-12 and is part of South Washington County Schools. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. I feel this dress code policy stifles individuality and inhibits creativity. Communicate expectations regarding student conduct, freedom of expression, mutual re-spect, civil behavior, and dress code issues regarding clothing with political sentiments. Purpose of the Student Conduct System II. The new dress code, which was authorized in a closed-door school board meeting without student input, was scheduled to go into effect the week after spring break. This is so funny, because my school went through a similar situation. Freedom of Expression: The Philosophical Basis Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. [i] You should also ask your school to explain why it wants to ban your expression. Provision for review by the school attorney when review is needed to guard against charges of libel and slander. They shall respect not only their fellow students' rights but also the rights of other members of the academic community to free expression of views based on their own pursuit of the truth and their right to function as citizens independent of the University. In New York, Students protest the school dress code at Stuyvesant High School, wearing tank tops and spaghetti-strap blouses and pants and skirts shorter than allowed. Most adults should agree that learning how to obey a dress code is something students should be taught before they venture out into the world. 1 CODE OF STUDENT CONDUCT PREAMBLE The. Some places that have established a uniform policy have showed improved graduation and attendance rates but not academic performances. Engage in a learning environment that promotes and values freedom of expression and evaluates Students on their academic performance, not on their opinions or conduct unrelated to academic standards. 2 thoughts on " Dress Codes< Freedom of expression " Morgan Dougherty October 4, 2013 at 8:37 am. Students VI. The students did not return to school until after New Year's Day, the planned end of the protest. Keegstra, a high school teacher in Alberta, was charged under the provision for communicating anti-Semitic comments to his students. Just as these limits don't violate a citizen's civil rights, a restriction on certain types of dress does not eliminate a student's right to free expression. Freedom of Speech and Expression. Successive chapters address attendance and the instructional program, the education of children with special needs, employment and personnel, expression and associational rights, the role of religion in public schools, student discipline, open meetings and records, privacy, search and seizure, and legal liability under both federal and Texas law.


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Staying in with Chick Yuill
November 22, 2021 lindasbookbag
My thanks to Rhoda Hardie for putting me in touch with Chick Yuill so that we could stay in together to chat about Chick's latest book.
Welcome to Linda's Book Bag Chick. Thank you for agreeing to stay in with me.
Thank you for inviting me. It's never a hardship to stay in and share the company of a book lover.
I agree wholeheartedly with that Chick! Tell me, which of your books have you brought along to share this evening and why have you chosen it?
I've brought my sixth and latest novel Talking to Calippa Cumberland. And I've chosen it for several reasons. The most obvious is that it's a Christmas tale and the season of goodwill will soon be upon us. So it seems an appropriate choice for an evening by the fireside towards the end of November.
It does. Tell me more.
But I've also chosen it because it represents a new challenge for me. It was the first time I'd written in the first person as a woman which involved me familiarising myself with aspects of life of which, as a mere man, I have no direct personal experience. Part of my 'research' was asking one of my daughters a series of questions to which she responded with a shake of her head, 'Dad, I will answer this, but only once. And don't ever ask me again! 'So it's particularly interesting for me to be talking about the book in the company of a woman reader.
That must have been quite a challenge. What made you choose to write from the female perspective?
It wasn't just the technical writing challenge that drew me to the central character and the topic. It was also that I wanted to try to enter into the experience of what it's like to be a woman in what is still often 'a man's world'. And I think it's my little protest against the misogyny that is still all too prevalent in our culture.
That's fabulous. It's such a shame we have to confront issues like misogyny and racism still.
What can we expect from an evening in with Talking to Calippa Cumberland?
Well, I hope that the first thing we'll find is a compelling and convincing story.
The plot takes us through a series of Christmas Eves from 1976 to 2019 as Lori Bloom negotiates the ups and downs of life. Calippa Cumberland is her imaginary childhood friend who remains a presence into adulthood and becomes the imagined recipient of Lori's reflections in the journal in which she jots her reflections and records her hopes and fears. It's very much a story about the need for companionship.
That sounds very interesting.
But I also wanted to explore the power of imagination for both good and ill, not just as a creative force in art and literature but as being at the very heart of whatever faith we hold to, whatever values we seek to live by, and whatever future we want for ourselves and the world around us. And the whole thing is a recognition that life is about losing and finding, about being lost and being found.
Oh yes. I think we need to refocus on our individual ability to create good in the world. How has Talking to Calippa Cumberland been received so far?
Here are a couple of comments from early readers that have really encouraged me:
'A beautifully crafted story, I got completely lost in it and found myself forgetting that the words of a female in all her growing up highs and lows were written by a man…'
'Wow. What a book! I've loved all of your books but this one…… I say it again. Wow! Thank you for writing it.
Guys, can I very heartily recommend Talking to Calippa Cumberland as something that just should be among the books you have to read!'
Those are such wonderful comments Chick. You must be delighted.
Anyhow, here's an excerpt from the book – one of Lori's journal entries after major surgery:
Dear Calippa
Well, I've lost a lot in these last few months. Half of my insides, for a start – with a long scar to remind me of it every day of my life from now on. And, of course, I've lost any prospect of giving birth, being a mother, watching a child to whom I have given life grow up – though even without the cancer diagnosis, the combination of the (until now) ever-present endometriosis, the all-too-swiftly passing years, and my bad fortune and ill judgement in matters of love have meant that I've known the chances of that were diminishing rapidly. Those are real and painful losses. But, for all that, as someone whose name I can't remember once said, much still remains. I'm still alive. I'm still a woman. I'm still Lori Bloom. There are still people who love me. And I'm still writing these letters to you!
And I think I'm learning more and more that living and losing go hand-in-hand. To live is to lose. Some of the people who've been important in my life have died, many of my memories have faded, half of my life is over. But, for good or ill, I am who I am because of all that's happened and all I have lost.
I guess I've really known that ever since that Christmas Eve in Kendrew's Department Store all those years ago. You've been a constant reminder that losing and – for want of a better word – lostness is always there. But now I'm daring to hope that alongside the sadness of losing there might be the joy of finding something of what's been lost and even the hope of discovering things that I never knew were there.
Thanks for giving me some space to puzzle and muddle my way through all this.
Your friend, Lori
I love that piece. It has really made me want to read Talking to Calippa Cumberland.
What else have you brought along and why have you brought it?
I've taken the liberty of bringing a bag with four things in it without which I fear writing would be impossible for me – a bag of coffee beans, my grinder, my temperature control kettle and my wonderful aeropress coffee-maker – the simplest but most effective coffee-maker ever invented and the best £30 that anyone can ever spend.
Ah, now, I'm a tea drinker. How does coffee help you write?
Here's my coffee-making ritual before I settle down to write.
First I grind the beans. Only fresh coffee will do.
Then I put a heaped scoop of coffee into the aeropress
Next I heat the kettle to exactly 80 degrees – the optimum temperature for making coffee, pour the water into the aeropress exactly up to the mark
After all that, it's time to press down the plunger, allowing the coffee to run gently into my mug
And finally and blissfully and slowly I sip the coffee and savour the life-enhancing, mind-sharpening surge of caffeine
Now I can face the hard but addictive work of writing.
Let me make some for you right now!
Actually, Chick, you make yourself a coffee and as soon as I've given Linda's Book Bag readers a few more details about Talking to Calippa Cumberland, I'll make myself a pot of tea and we can chat a bit more. Thanks so much for staying in with me this evening. I think I'm going to love reading Talking to Calippa Cumberland.
Talking to Calippa Cumberland
It's half past four on Christmas Eve, 1976. Lori Bloom, aged three and three-quarters, is leaving a busy department store with her mother when the tannoy announces that a child in reception is lost and crying for her parents.
The impact on Lori is immediate. 'Calippa Cumberland', the mysterious girl with blonde hair and a curious name, becomes her imaginary friend and a constant presence into adulthood. For as one Christmas follows another, Lori finds herself confronting painful questions and in need of a companion in whom she can confide.
But will there ever be someone Lori can completely trust?
And will Christmas Eve ever be about finding and being found, rather than losing and being lost?
Published by Instant Apostle on 22nd October 2021, Talking to Calippa Cumberland is available for purchase through the links here.
About Chick Yuill
Chick Yuill is a passionate communicator and works as a freelance broadcaster, speaker and writer. He is the author of six novels. Currently he presents Faith, Hope & Love every Friday on Premier Christian Radio. In addition, he has the dubious distinction of being the only Christian speaker to have been featured on the tenth anniversary highlights of the Jeremy Kyle Show. But that's a story in itself!
You can find Chick on Facebook on his website and you can follow him on Twitter @chickyuill1.
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2 thoughts on "Staying in with Chick Yuill"
robbiesinspiration says:
Hi LInda, what an interesting interview. I have never really thought hard about the difficulties of writing from the perspective of a different gender. I do it all the time. I have both male and female MC and I write from both perspectives. That being said, I'm not sure I would write about prostate cancer or a vasectomy from a male point of view. A book of this nature requires courage and understanding.
lindasbookbag says:
I find it fascinating how writers get into the minds of their characters Robbie. I think it's more about humanity than gender.


text:
Knife River és una concentració de població designada pel cens dels Estats Units a l'estat de Montana. Segons el cens del 2000 tenia una població de 297 habitants.

Demografia
Segons el cens del 2000, Knife River tenia 297 habitants, 125 habitatges, i 79 famílies. La densitat de població era de 33,2 habitants per km².

Dels 125 habitatges en un 31,2% hi vivien nens de menys de 18 anys, en un 52% hi vivien parelles casades, en un 7,2% dones solteres, i en un 36,8% no eren unitats familiars. En el 36% dels habitatges hi vivien persones soles el 19,2% de les quals corresponia a persones de 65 anys o més que vivien soles. El nombre mitjà de persones vivint en cada habitatge era de 2,38 i el nombre mitjà de persones que vivien en cada família era de 3,09.

Per edats la població es repartia de la següent manera: un 26,9% tenia menys de 18 anys, un 6,4% entre 18 i 24, un 24,2% entre 25 i 44, un 25,6% de 45 a 60 i un 16,8% 65 anys o més.

L'edat mediana era de 40 anys. Per cada 100 dones de 18 o més anys hi havia 102,8 homes.

La renda mediana per habitatge era de 29.792 $ i la renda mediana per família de 32.750 $. Els homes tenien una renda mediana de 27.083 $ mentre que les dones 19.375 $. La renda per capita de la població era d'11.865 $. Aproximadament el 10,1% de les famílies i el 15,8% de la població estaven per davall del llindar de pobresa.

Poblacions més properes
El següent diagrama mostra les poblacions més properes.

Referències

Entitats de població de Montana


Dr. Marta Moreno-Vega established the Caribbean Cultural Center African Diaspora Institute (CCCADI) (http://cccadi.org/) in 1976, inspired by a vision to create an international organization to promote and link communities of African descent. She guided the capital campaign for the renovation of the landmark firehouse at 120 East 125th Street, the Center's new home. Dr. Moreno Vega has been an advocate for cultural equity cultural studies and education. As the second director of El Museo del Barrio, one of the founders of the Association of Hispanic Arts, Network of Centers of Color and the Roundtable of Institutions of Color. Dr. Moreno Vega has contributed to assuring that the contributions of African and African descendants are integral to the lives of civil society in the Americas. She has conducted research in Yoruba belief systems in the African Diaspora and has organized international conferences uniting scholars and leading traditional experts focused on expanding the knowledge and importance of sacred African Diaspora traditions.
Moreno Vega is co-founder of the Global Afro Latino and Caribbean Initiative (GALCI), a former program of Hunter College/Latin American and Caribbean Studies Program. She is chief editor of Women Warriors of the Afro-Latina Diaspora (Arte Publico Press) and author of The Altar of My Soul (One World/Ballantine, 2001). She is director and co-producer of the documentary When the Spirits Dance Mambo: Growing Up Nuyorican in El Barrio and has written a personal memoir by the same name (Three Rivers Press, 2003, Black Classic Press, 2018). Dr. Vega is also co-editor of Voices from the Battlefront Achieving Cultural Equity.
Dr. Moreno Vega also co-edited Actualidad de las Tradiciones Espirituales y Culturales Africanas en el Caribe y Latinoamerica with Maria Elba Torres Munoz and A SNAP SHOT: Landmarking Community Cultural Arts Organizations Nationally with Dr. Sonia Bassheva Manjon. Dr. Vega was a professor at El Centro de Estudios Avanzados Puertorriquenos de Puerto Rico y El Caribe in San Juan, Puerto Rico, is an adjunct professor at the Inter American University of Puerto Rico and an adjunct professor in New York University's Department of Arts and Public Policy. Previously, she was an adjunct professor of Afro-Caribbean Religions and Afro Latinos in New York City at Hunter College, City University of New York where she was acting director of the Latin American and Caribbean Studies Program.
Dr, Moreno Vega has created cultural and social equity courses for the Arts and Public Policy Department of NYU, based on the work of the network of community based art organizations, known as the Cultural Equity Group. The lecture/seminar series, Art of Justice and Futurology a collaboration between NYU and CCCADI focused on an African Diaspora agenda for CCCADI. Her book, When the Spirits Dance Mambo is being reprinted and will be released in April 2018. Dr. Moreno Vega is presently working for sustainable environmental recovery with community based organizations in Loiza, Puerto Rico.
With community based organizations and in collaboration with human rights lawyers in New York City and Puerto Rico, she is organizing Town Hall Meetings at which testimonies from Puerto Ricans displaced by hurricanes Irma and Maria are being collected and documented. Moreno Vega is currently assisting community based organizations and representatives to organize a community tribunal to present documented evidence to the United Nations on International Human Rights Day in December 2018 of the genocidal conditions existing in Puerto Rico.


How do you get to the keywords of your presentation?
To create a good PowerPoint presentation, it is important to know exactly what you are going to say and which particular words you will use. If you know how to do this, you have the key to the secret of a presentation that is clear to everyone. Mia's tip is to imagine you have to deliver your presentation to a ten-year-old. This way, you challenge yourself to phrase your message in the clearest way possible and find the words to put into your PowerPoint presentation. This is also a good method for finding suitable images to use in your presentation.
Should you use as many images as possible in your presentation?
There are more and more speakers who use images, like diagrams, models and pictures, in their presentations. This is a good thing. Our brain hasn't evolved much. Sight is still our strongest sense. But does this mean that we should only use images in our slides?
According to Mia, it is important to keep your audience's attention by varying your slides, to keep them alert. Keep switching between pictures, models and quotes. Visuals are very convincing. Whenever you look for a book in a bookstore and you find one with just text and another one – on the same subject – with visuals in it, like diagrams and models, the second one will probably seem more convincing and reliable to you. This works in the just same way for PowerPoint presentations: they are more convincing when you use images.
What are the best images to use?
A model helps your audience to want to know the details and the data in your presentation. It gives your audience a foundation for making sense of your entire presentation. Clear diagrams can also help convincing your audience. Photos are particularly suitable if you want to convey emotions. However, picking the right photos is crucial and can be tricky. Pictures that aren't the right fit with your audience can really work against you. If you don't want to risk emotionally triggering your audience in the wrong way, it might be better to use images of metaphors instead. A well-known example is the top of an iceberg sticking out of the sea with the rest of it underneath, which can be used as a metaphor for many things. For example, the customer represents the top of the iceberg and the rest of the iceberg represents customer focus. This might very well be a better picture to use than a stock photo of an uninterested sales woman, which your audience might not identify at all. Imagine you are a sales woman and you are depicted in a presentation as an unmotivated employee. Big chance you wouldn't want to sit through the rest of the presentation.
This expression was already used by American editor Arthur Brisbane in 1911. By saying this, he referred to the idea that an image would sell much easier than a piece of text. However, one word can also create a thousand images in your audience's mind and this can be tricky for a speaker. Mia mentions that in business, there are a lot of abstract terms, which you have never seen in your own life. If you are not using visuals, you cannot be sure you are understanding each other. For example, if you talk about a dog on a mat, not everyone pictures the same dog on the same mat. You think in terms of your own perception frames.
Every speaker wants his or her story to be shared, but the fact that you have a good story doesn't necessarily mean it will be retold. Visuals will make it easier for your audience to understand, remember and share your message. If you notice some of your slides are getting photographed often, you can add you Twitter address to the slide. This way your audience and the people they share it with will know and remember that it was a slide from your presentation.
The key to every presentation is: less is more. But be careful. Variation is important for engaging your entire audience and keeping them alert. We all have different preferences.


As part of the launch of Sony's 'Connected World' campaign, Fi created a companion website. Here's how they went about it.
The tech industry moves quickly, and even leading brands like Sony need to constantly refresh their advertising and branding to keep existing customers on board and attract new ones. For their latest campaign, Sony Connected World, it asked international design agency Fi to create the website - and they've done a mighty fine job.
Debuting at consumer electronics show IFA in Berlin, and then expanded for the main launch at CES 2013 in Las Vegas, the site comes complete with entertaining product demos and information that served as proof points to the campaign.
Fi followed this preparatory stage with a detailed handoff to the design team, with carefully constructed wireframes ensuring the well-laid plans would meet full fruition.
Hitting on a design theme that served both classic and modern styles took several rounds of iteration. Eventually, Fi's design team settled on a muted palette, with bold accent colours to highlight the different sections on the website.
Responsive web design was at the forefront of the site build, which was based on a multi-column layout with fluid grids and images that would scale from large screens down to small mobile sizes by stacking columns vertically.
The approach was to control the fluid layout by using CSS3 Media Queries and making the site adaptive by setting appropriate break points. Respond.js was used for browsers that did not support CSS3 Media Queries.
This immersive site enables the user to view the Sony product features from all perspectives, while the colour-coded navigation makes for ease of use and understanding.
All in all, Fi has created a polished experience with this web design that proves simple navigation, colour coding and great photography can often make all the difference.
What do you make of the Sony site's design? Let us know in the comments box below!


text:
<?php

namespace Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Tests\Functional\Ticket;

use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Event\OnFlushEventArgs;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Events;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Tests\BaseTest;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Mapping\Annotations as ODM;

class GH999Test extends BaseTest
{
    public function testModifyingInFlushHandler()
    {
        $this->dm->getEventManager()->addEventListener(array(Events::onFlush), new GH999Listener());

        $document = new GH999Document('name');
        $this->dm->persist($document);
        $this->dm->flush();
    }
}

class GH999Listener
{
    public function onFlush(OnFlushEventArgs $args) {
        $dm = $args->getDocumentManager();

        foreach ($dm->getUnitOfWork()->getScheduledDocumentInsertions() as $document) {
            $document->setName('name #changed');
            $metadata = $dm->getClassMetadata(get_class($document));
            $dm->getUnitOfWork()->recomputeSingleDocumentChangeSet($metadata, $document);
        }
    }
}

/** @ODM\Document @ODM\HasLifecycleCallbacks */
class GH999Document
{
    /** @ODM\Id */
    private $id;

    /** @ODM\Field(type="string") */
    private $name;

    public function __construct($name)
    {
        $this->name = $name;
    }

    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }

    public function setName($name)
    {
        $this->name = $name;
    }

    /** @ODM\PostUpdate */
    public function postUpdate()
    {
        throw new \Exception('Did not expect postUpdate to be called when persisting a new document');
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you'd like to lead a group ride on Bike to Work Day, start by creating the group ride on the Bike to Work Day website, where participants will be able to locate the group ride by Group Ride list and on a regional Map.
Register on the Bike to Work Day website.
Complete the registration form with your name, email and phone (after submitting the form, look for an email with a validation link).
Log back into your account. From your Organizer Dashboard, you will be able to Create a Group Ride by first entering your group ride's name, and then filling in some basic information. If you have any questions while creating your group ride, please contact the Bike to Work Day team.
When you have completed the group ride form, hit Save. It will go into review, and the Bike to Work team will review and publish your group ride.
We've learned a lot about what makes a group ride successful! Check out the toolkit below for tips on communicating with riders and having a safe and fun trip together!
DRCOG, Way to Go, and all individuals and organizations involved in Bike To Work Day do not warrant any aspect of organized group rides. It is up to the organizers and participants involved to promote a safe and enjoyable ride.


At the conclusion of "The Other Side of Silence" the title of the next Gunther novel is revealed. It is "Prussian Blue", and it is scheduled for 2017. No other information.
Prussian Blue has Bernie at the Berghof during the war and also on the run in France.
And "Greeks Bearing Gifts" coming out Apr 18.


text:
"A girl is Innocence playing in the mud, Beauty standing on its head, and Motherhood dragging a doll by the foot." – Alan Marshall Beck
Messages from the Founder and Editor-in-Chief
Pipeline: Artists by Name
Pipeline: Films
Little Orphan Images
Shizuki Obuchi's 'How to Shoot Little Girls'
Violeta Gómez Editorial
Verónica Volkow's Introduction to Inner Light by Flor Garduño
David Hamilton Reflections (English)
Show Me! Selections (English)
Wages for Art's Sake
The Zelig of Occupy
Pip Starr's Art
(Last Updated On March 4, 2018)
by Rachel Luban
Molly Crabapple – Sketch (2016)
Molly Crabapple has gone from "Occupy's greatest artist" to a powerhouse journalist. In her art, writing and animations, which have appeared everywhere from Vanity Fair to the Paris Review to her column for VICE, she shines light into the darkest corners of injustice: immigrant detention centers and solitary confinement units, Abu Dhabi's labor camps and Guantanamo's Camp X-Ray. She has drawn life under ISIS and Greece in crisis. She personally confronted Donald Trump before it was cool.
In her new illustrated memoir, Drawing Blood, she recounts her personal, artistic and political coming-of-age. At 18, she started working as what she calls a "professional naked girl" to fund her art. Nude modeling and burlesque dancing introduced her to New York's underworld, where artists and sex workers rubbed shoulders with and waged "class war" against the rich who were often their patrons.
Then Occupy politicized her art. She drafted protest posters, hosted activists and reporters at her apartment near Zuccotti Park, and got arrested at the Occupy anniversary. Since then, she has taken her anti-establishment ethic all over the world, adding written reporting to her repertoire and commanding mainstream attention.
Crabapple spoke with In These Times about her memoir, art and politics. (In These Times interviewer is in bold.)
In the book, you come across both as someone who's Zelig-like, everywhere with everyone at all times, and an outsider, working in the underground economy and trying to break into the art world. Was there a moment when you stopped feeling like an outsider? If so, did any sense of loss come with that?
When you're an outsider, you don't have loyalties to anyone, so you can be cruelly honest if need be. The more you get inside, the more you are involved in polite networks of professional coercion that make people less honest.
When you live in New York and are an artist and are interested in people, you meet a lot of people. A lot of these people I met before they were well-known. Then later, people like Laura Poitras break the Edward Snowden story, and they were getting drunk in your apartment the previous year.
Isn't this always the tragedy of bohemia? Either you come inside and become a well-fed, boring person with tenure, or else you stay outside and die of syphilis. Capitalism co-opts things in that way. But obviously, I'm not a broke kid with cockroaches in my hair anymore. And thank God for that.
Are there ever times when your allegiances to outsiders might interfere with your ability to be honest?
Recently, Lena Dunham signed a really fucked-up petition against Amnesty International when they voted to support the decriminalization of sex work. A lot of important people signed it, but Dunham's signature was particularly important because she's an influential young feminist. Around that time, her people asked me to work for her new feminist newsletter. I said "no" and wrote an open letter about it. I felt like: Okay, I have this access, I'm respectable enough that they asked me to illustrate for this—maybe I can persuade her to listen to sex workers and not sign a frankly dangerous petition. Unfortunately, it didn't work out. Lena stuck to her position, despite the many people in the industry pointing her towards work that supported Amnesty's decision. I wish she had listened to sex workers.
You write frankly about your abortion. Your experience wasn't wonderful. Did you worry it might be used as fodder for abortion opponents?
No one has a fun experience with surgeries, any surgery. You could go to someone and be like, "Are you happy you had a root canal? Do you love it?" No one loves their fucking root canal. Abortion is a medical procedure, and medical procedures are shitty. They're not fun. I wrote about my abortion honestly, because if you write propaganda that everyone knows is lies, you do more harm to your cause than anything else.
You write in the book about working as a "professional naked girl." There's a moment where you and a friend are talking about what plastic surgery you would need to get to be "perfect." Do you feel any ambivalence about how capitalizing on your looks might affect you personally?
The lie that capitalism tells women is that if you're pretty, your life will be perfect, and so you have to buy a lot of shit to be pretty. That's not true—anyone who's a sex worker knows that if you're pretty, your life isn't going to be perfect. But you do know that if you get breast implants, you can make $300 more a night. That's just a capacity to earn money. If you're going to view your looks as a way to get something, that's much healthier, because it has nothing to do with being loved or your soul. It's the same thing as saying, "If I got a master's degree, I would earn more money."
Occupy looms large in your story, but you don't seem to reach a resolution about it. Did Occupy ultimately disappoint you?
I think Occupy succeeded in politicizing a generation of people. I don't know if that's just my hopefulness; perhaps when you're involved in these things that fundamentally transform you, it's hard to get an objective historical view. I know it changed me and my friends.
You say you're more devoted to your sketchbook than to any social movement. Still, you seem very drawn to movements, from Occupy to Greek anti-austerity. Do you have some kind of vision for what social movements should be going forward?
No, I'm an artist. Artists suck. I look at people I admire like anti-prison activist Mariame Kaba and I'm like, "You do that and I will support you." There are people way smarter than me who can organize shit. I will just draw the posters.
You write about how you can draw in places where you can't photograph. Do you feel like there's something fundamentally less objectifying about drawing people?
When you take a photo, people can't really see what you're doing. You have this electronic box and it's all happening in the box. But if I have a sketch book and I'm drawing, someone could look over and say, "Your drawing looks like shit." You're demonstrating your own skills in a vulnerable way when you draw. Objectifying is kind of a funny thing. Art is objectification, all art, because you're taking someone and making them into an object. But people can also talk back more to you when you're sketching them. They can look at you and say, "Oh man, you got me wrong."
How does writing about something versus drawing change the way you relate to people?
When you write about someone, you're objectifying them on a much more intimate level. When I'm drawing someone, I'm just drawing their surface. If I was drawing you, I'd be like, "Oh, that's where her nostrils are and that's where her eyes are, and her hair does this little curve." Whereas when you're writing about someone, you're asking, "How does she laugh? What's her relationship like with her roommate?" It's all these other things that you're taking away from them and making your own.
In several moments in the book, you write about acting more daring than you felt. But you're doing things like covering huge stories like the anti-austerity movement in Spain without having much writing experience. How did you muster the confidence to do that?
Most people covering stories, doing most other things, are shitty. I wrote about my friend Jen Dziura in the book. She says what inspires her isn't greatness but mediocrity, because she looks at the massive morass of idiots who feel so self-righteous. In keeping with her idea, I might look at the Thomas Friedmans and the Nicholas Kristofs of the world and think, "My god, I might not be a genius, but I'm better than them."
You wrote about a hunger striking prisoner and drew Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in Guantanamo. Is it intimidating to just pick a topic like Guantanamo and entirely educate yourself?
Totally. Every single time I feel like I'm going to screw up and betray everyone. I felt the worst when I was writing about Israel's military incursions in Gaza, because the stakes are so high for people. But yes, every single time, I'm afraid. Every time.
Reprinted from In These Times, Janurary 2016


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