text:
<?php
/** @noinspection ReturnTypeCanBeDeclaredInspection */
/** @noinspection AccessModifierPresentedInspection */

namespace Czim\CmsCore\Core; // Uses package namespace to allow mocking global functions

use Czim\CmsCore\Contracts\Core\BootCheckerInterface;
use Czim\CmsCore\Support\Enums\Component;
use Czim\CmsCore\Test\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Container\Container;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Mockery;

/**
 * Class BootCheckerTest
 *
 * Because of its environment-relative nature, the BootChecker requires
 * bit more 'hacking' to test. See the app() and request() mocks below.
 *
 * @runTestsInSeparateProcesses
 * @preserveGlobalState disabled
 */
class BootCheckerTest extends TestCase
{

    /**
     * @var callback
     */
    public static $functions;

    /**
     * @var Request|Mockery\Mock
     */
    public static $request;

    protected $environment = 'production';
    protected $runningInConsole = false;

    protected $configCmsEnabled = true;
    protected $configCmsTesting = false;
    protected $configCmsMiddleware = true;
    protected $configWebRoutePrefix = 'cms';

    protected $mockArtisanBaseCommand;
    protected $mockWebRoute = 'cms/test';

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //      Registration
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_not_should_be_registered_if_disabled()
    {
        $this->configCmsEnabled = false;

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_be_registered_for_unit_test()
    {
        $this->configCmsTesting = true;

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_be_registerd_for_the_base_artisan_command()
    {
        $this->runningInConsole       = true;
        $this->mockArtisanBaseCommand = '';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_be_registered_for_cms_console_command()
    {
        $this->runningInConsole       = true;
        $this->mockArtisanBaseCommand = 'cms:menu:show';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_api_should_be_registered_for_cms_console_command()
    {
        $this->runningInConsole       = true;
        $this->mockArtisanBaseCommand = 'cms:menu:show';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldCmsApiRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_not_be_registered_for_a_non_cms_console_command()
    {
        $this->runningInConsole       = true;
        $this->mockArtisanBaseCommand = 'some:other:command';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_be_registered_for_cms_web_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_be_registered_for_cms_web_route_with_more_segments_to_match()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute         = 'cms/deeper/level/url';
        $this->configWebRoutePrefix = 'cms/deeper/level';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_be_registered_for_cms_api_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms-api/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_not_be_registered_for_a_non_cms_web_or_api_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'non/cms/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_api_should_be_registered_for_cms_api_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms-api/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldCmsApiRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_api_should_not_be_registered_for_a_non_cms_api_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldCmsApiRegister());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_marks_andreports_the_cms_as_registered()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms/testing/url';
        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->isCmsRegistered());

        $checker->markCmsRegistered();

        static::assertTrue($checker->isCmsRegistered());

        $checker->markCmsRegistered(false);

        static::assertFalse($checker->isCmsRegistered());
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //      Booting
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_not_booted_if_it_was_not_registered()
    {
        $this->configCmsEnabled = false;

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldCmsRegister());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldCmsBoot());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_boot_if_it_was_marked_registered()
    {
        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        $checker->markCmsRegistered();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldCmsBoot());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_marks_andreports_the_cms_as_booted()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms/testing/url';
        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->isCmsBooted());

        $checker->markCmsBooted();

        static::assertTrue($checker->isCmsBooted());

        $checker->markCmsBooted(false);

        static::assertFalse($checker->isCmsBooted());
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //      Middleware
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_load_middleware_for_cms_web_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldLoadCmsMiddleware());
        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldLoadCmsWebMiddleware());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_not_load_any_middleware_for_console_command()
    {
        $this->runningInConsole       = true;
        $this->mockArtisanBaseCommand = 'cms:menu:show';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldLoadCmsMiddleware());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldLoadCmsWebMiddleware());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldLoadCmsApiMiddleware());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_not_load_middleware_if_explicitly_disabled_in_config()
    {
        $this->configCmsMiddleware = false;
        $this->mockWebRoute        = 'cms/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldLoadCmsMiddleware());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldLoadCmsWebMiddleware());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldLoadCmsApiMiddleware());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_load_api_middleware_for_cms_api_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms-api/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldLoadCmsMiddleware());
        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldLoadCmsApiMiddleware());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldLoadCmsWebMiddleware());
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //      Routes
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_not_load_api_middleware_if_explicitly_disabled_in_config()
    {
        $this->configCmsMiddleware = false;
        $this->mockWebRoute        = 'cms-api/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldLoadCmsApiMiddleware());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_register_web_routes_for_cms_web_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldRegisterCmsWebRoutes());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldRegisterCmsApiRoutes());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_register_api_routes_for_cms_api_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'cms-api/testing/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldRegisterCmsApiRoutes());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldRegisterCmsWebRoutes());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_register_all_routes_for_cms_console_command()
    {
        $this->runningInConsole       = true;
        $this->mockArtisanBaseCommand = 'cms:menu:show';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldRegisterCmsWebRoutes());
        static::assertTrue($checker->shouldRegisterCmsApiRoutes());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_not_register_any_routes_for_non_cms_route()
    {
        $this->mockWebRoute = 'non/cms/url';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldRegisterCmsWebRoutes());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldRegisterCmsApiRoutes());
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    function it_reports_the_cms_should_not_register_any_routes_for_non_cms_command()
    {
        $this->runningInConsole       = true;
        $this->mockArtisanBaseCommand = 'not:cms:command';

        $checker = $this->getSetUpChecker();

        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldRegisterCmsWebRoutes());
        static::assertFalse($checker->shouldRegisterCmsApiRoutes());
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //      Helpers
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * @return BootChecker
     */
    protected function getSetUpChecker()
    {
        $this->setUpConfig();

        self::$functions = $this->getContainerMockCallback();
        self::$request   = $this->getMockRequest();

        if (null !== $this->mockArtisanBaseCommand) {

            /** @var BootChecker|\Mockery\Mock $checker */
            $checker = Mockery::mock(BootChecker::class . '[getArtisanBaseCommand]')->shouldAllowMockingProtectedMethods();
            $checker->shouldReceive('getArtisanBaseCommand')->andReturn($this->mockArtisanBaseCommand);

            return $checker;
        }

        return new BootChecker;
    }

    /**
     * @param Container|\Mockery\MockInterface|null $mock
     * @return callable
     */
    protected function getContainerMockCallback($mock = null)
    {
        $mock = $mock ?: $this->getMockContainer();

        return function ($make, $parameters = []) use ($mock) {
            if ($make === null) {
                return $mock;
            }

            return $mock->make($make, $parameters);
        };
    }

    /**
     * @return Container|Mockery\MockInterface
     */
    protected function getMockContainer()
    {
        /** @var Mockery\Mock $mock */
        $mock = Mockery::mock(Container::class);

        $mock->shouldReceive('runningInConsole')->andReturn($this->runningInConsole);
        $mock->shouldReceive('runningUnitTests')->andReturn(false);
        $mock->shouldReceive('environment')->andReturn($this->environment);

        return $mock;
    }

    /**
     * @return Request|Mockery\MockInterface
     */
    protected function getMockRequest()
    {
        /** @var Mockery\Mock $mock */
        $mock = Mockery::mock(Request::class);

        $mock->shouldReceive('segment')->withAnyArgs()->andReturnUsing(function ($index) {
            return Arr::get(explode('/', $this->mockWebRoute), ((int) $index) - 1);
        });

        return $mock;
    }

    /**
     * @return $this
     */
    protected function setUpConfig()
    {
        $this->app['config']->set('cms-core.enabled', $this->configCmsEnabled);
        $this->app['config']->set('cms-core.testing', $this->configCmsTesting);
        $this->app['config']->set('cms-core.middleware.enabled', $this->configCmsMiddleware);

        $this->app['config']->set('cms-core.artisan.patterns', ['cms:*']);
        $this->app['config']->set('cms-core.route.prefix', $this->configWebRoutePrefix);
        $this->app['config']->set('cms-api.route.prefix', 'cms-api');

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * @return BootCheckerInterface
     */
    protected function getBootChecker()
    {
        return app(Component::BOOTCHECKER);
    }

}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//      Global function mocks
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
 * Mock app() function to fake environment, runningInConsole, etc.
 *
 * Overrides normal app() global function.
 *
 * @param null|string $make
 * @param array       $parameters
 * @return mixed
 */
function app($make = null, $parameters = [])
{
    if ( ! BootCheckerTest::$functions) {
        if ($make === null) {
            return Container::getInstance();
        }

        return Container::getInstance()->make($make, $parameters);
    }

    $closure = BootCheckerTest::$functions;

    return $closure($make, $parameters);
}

/**
 * Mock request() function to fake simple request checks.
 *
 * @return mixed
 */
function request()
{
    if ( ! BootCheckerTest::$request) {
        return Container::getInstance()->make('request');
    }

    return BootCheckerTest::$request;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Rotten stone
Tripoli, Lebanon
Tripoli (Arabic: طرابلس, Ṭarābulus; Berber: Ṭrables) is the de jure capital city and the largest city of Libya. Tripoli, with its metropolitan area, has a population of about 3,200,000 million people. The city is located in the northwestern part of Libya on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean and forming a bay.
Tripoli includes the Port of Tripoli and the country's largest commercial and manufacturing centre. It is also the site of the University of Tripoli. The vast Bab al-Azizia barracks, which includes the former family estate of Muammar Gaddafi, is also located in the city. Colonel Gaddafi largely ruled the country from his residence in this barracks.
Tripoli was founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians, who named it Oea. Due to the city's long history, there are many sites of archaeological significance in Tripoli. "Tripoli" may also refer to the shabiyah (top-level administrative division in the current Libyan system), the Tripoli District.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Tripoli
Rotten stone, sometimes spelled as rottenstone, also known as tripoli, is fine powdered porous rock used as a polishing abrasive for metalsmithing and in woodworking. It is usually weathered limestone mixed with diatomaceous, amorphous, or crystalline silica. It has similar applications to pumice, but it is generally sold as a finer powder and used for a more glossy polish after an initial treatment with coarser pumice powder. Tripoli particles are rounded rather than sharp, making it a milder abrasive.
It is usually mixed with oil, sometimes water, and rubbed on the surface of varnished or lacquered wood with a felt pad or cloth. Rotten stone is sometimes used to buff stains out of wood. Some polishing waxes contain powdered rotten stone in a paste substrate. For larger polishing jobs, rotten stone mixed with a binder is applied to polishing wheels.
It has also been used to polish brass, such as that found on military uniforms, as well as steel and other metals. Plates used in daguerreotypes were polished using rotten stone, the finest abrasive available at the time.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Rotten_stone
Tripoli (Arabic: طرابلس / ALA-LC: Ṭarābulus;Lebanese Arabic: Ṭrāblos;Greek: Τρίπολις / Tripolis; Turkish: Trablusşam) is the largest city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country. Situated 85 kilometers (53 miles) north of the capital Beirut, it is the capital of the North Governorate and the Tripoli District. Tripoli overlooks the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and it is the easternmost seaport in Lebanon. It holds offshore a string of four small islands, the only surviving islands of Lebanon. The largest of these islands, the Island of Palm Trees, was declared a protected reserve by UNESCO in 1992 for its rich ecosystem of trees, green sea turtles, and exotic birds.
With the history of Tripoli dating back to the 14th century BCE, it is home to the largest fortress in Lebanon (the Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles), and continues to be the second largest city (behind Cairo) in Mamluk architectural heritage. In ancient times, it was the center of a Phoenician confederation which included Tyre, Sidon and Arados, hence the name Tripoli, meaning "triple city" in Greek. Later, it was controlled successively by the Assyrian Empire, Persian Empire, Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Caliphate, the Seljuk Empire, Crusader States, the Mamluks, the Ottoman Empire and France. The Crusaders established the County of Tripoli there in the 12th century.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Tripoli,_Lebanon
There's a Razzia Going On, Volume 1 released: 2008
De Afrekening, Volume 41 released: 2007
Walk On released: 2006
Absolute Music 53 released: 2006
Oost Vlaams Rock Concours released:
There's a Razzia Going On, Volume 1
I Was Definitely Made for These Times
My Life Is Shit but I Am Funky (remix)
Blood & Ether
Once I Was Like You
Det Var 3 Månader Sedan Idag
Meaningless Repair
Spill Your Beans
Besatt
Stay Awhile
I Wrote This Song
Håll Käften Del 2 (feat. Thomas Rusiak & Eye n I)
Eric (feat. Firefox AK)
Coming Down Cold
De Afrekening, Volume 41
Sick, Sick, Sick
Black Hope Shot Down
Thnks fr th Mmrs
Hang Me Up to Dry
I Still Remember
Read My Mind
Low Mode
Promis Q
One Equals a Lot
Our Love = Strong
I Wanna Forget
Ooh La
No Conspiracy at All
Walk On (instrumental)
Absolute Music 53
U + Ur Hand
Oh Father
Vår sista dag
En man du tyckte om
Regn i Rio
That's My Goal
I Can't Hate You Anymore
Get Up
Walk on By
P.a.r.a.d.i.s.e.
Nobody Else Like You
Så underbart
Wrap Myself in Paper
Oost Vlaams Rock Concours
Couldn't Find an Answer
Roll Rockin'
Ain't So Nice
Cheap Wesley and Cocaine
Ol' Grand Massacre
The 17 Inch Club
The 'Save the World in One Day' Show
Trebleface
by Social Code
by Fifth Season
by: Social Code
I have seen enough and I knew what I wanted
I knew what I want, yeah
I knew I couldn't have it all
Stumbling in the dark I knew you were watching
You knew what I want, yeah
You know what I want, yeah
You knew with no lights at all
Never losing faith in you, I'm
I'm falling over and over
Never losing faith in you
I see you turn completely
Animals abroad your defense shatters
Ready launch take it off
Struck oil I feel rich, internal combustion
I knew what I want yeah,
I knew it all along
Still so glad to be alive
Ah, ah, ah
Latest News for: Tripoli office
The Lewiston Tribune 28 Jan 2023
Her office says .
President Biden Announces Key Nominees
The White House 23 Jan 2023
Department of Veterans AffairsRon Borzekowski, Nominee for Director of the Office of Financial Research, U.S ... Department of State in the Office of Global Women's Issues and Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement ... Ron Borzekowski, Nominee for Director of the Office of Financial Research, U.S ... Mayor's Office on Latino Affairs.
CIA chief in Libya after Lockerbie suspect handover
The Manila Times 13 Jan 2023
Tripoli, Libya ... "Prime Minister Abdelhamid Dbeibeh hosted the director of the Central Intelligence Agency, William Burns" at the cabinet office in Tripoli, along with Foreign Minister Najla al-Mangoush and Libyan intelligence chief Hussein al-Ayeb, Dbeibah's government said in a Facebook post.
photo: AP / Bilal Hussein, File
CIA chief visits Libya after Lockerbie suspect handover
Al Jazeera 13 Jan 2023
"Prime Minister Abdelhamid Dbeibeh hosted the director of the Central Intelligence Agency, William Burns" at the cabinet office in Tripoli, along with Foreign Minister Najla al-Mangoush and Libyan intelligence chief Hussein al-Ayeb, Dbeibah's government said in the post.
Libyan premier meets with CIA director in Tripoli
Anadolu Agency 13 Jan 2023
According to a statement by Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh's media office, William Burns was visiting Tripoli and the meeting was attended by Libyan Foreign Minister Najla Mangoush, intelligence chief Hussein Al-Aeb and Minister of State for Cabinet Affairs Adel Gomaa.
US sees Arunachal as integral part of India: Jennifer Larson
Deccan Chronicle 25 Dec 2022
As a diplomat, she has served as director and acting DAS of the office of India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Maldives affairs ... Larson also served as principal officer in Benghazi, Libya, and then acting deputy chief of mission in Tripoli, and earlier, in different capacities in Pakistan, France, Sudan, Jerusalem and Lebanon.
Family of Lockerbie suspect say he is innocent
Business Ghana 22 Dec 2022
It follows claims that Mr Masud was abducted from his home in Tripoli before being handed to the US earlier this month. Libya's top law officer has ordered a probe into his handover ... Speaking in Tripoli, Masud's nephew Abdelmoneim al-Marimi described his uncle as a religious man.
How a Lockerbie bombing suspect ended up in US custody
The New Arab 21 Dec 2022
Mas'ud was arrested in 2012 in Tripoli as one of the intelligence officers of the former Gaddafi regime and remained in Ain Zara prison on several charges, including planning to suppress demonstrators in the 2011 revolution ... Officers from General Khalifa Haftar's forces reportedly contacted him soon after and asked him to join them.
US received help from Libyan militias in Lockerbie suspect's handover
The Arab Weekly 19 Dec 2022
Around midnight in mid-November, Libyan militiamen in two Toyota pickup trucks arrived at a residential building in a neighbourhood of the capital of Tripoli ... Analysts said the Tripoli-based government responsible for handing over Masud was likely seeking US goodwill and favour amid the power struggles in Libya.
Libyan militia held Lockerbie suspect before handover to US
TDT News 19 Dec 2022
CAIRO — Around midnight in mid-November, Libyan militiamen in two Toyota pickup trucks arrived at a residential building in a neighborhood of the capital of Tripoli ... Weeks after that night raid in Tripoli, the U.S ... Analysts said the Tripoli-based government responsible for handing over Mas'ud was likely seeking U.S.
Ankara enters Libya-Egypt demarcation fray, signals continued Egypt-Turkey East Med row
ANKARA/ TRIPOLI- ... The decision has angered the outgoing government of Abdulhamid Dbeibah in Tripoli ... Ankara's move surprised observers, as Ankara itself faces criticism for signing an agreement for maritime border demarcation with Libya's Fayez al-Sarraj government, whose term in office ended in 2019, amid strife and divisions.
Libya: Hold commanders of Tariq Ben Zeyad armed group accountable for 'catalogue of horrors'
Amnesty 19 Dec 2022
On 3 October 2022, Amnesty International shared its findings with the Tripoli-based Government of National Unity (GNU) and the Office of the Public Prosecutor as well as the General Commander of the LAAF for comment, none of whom had replied by the time of publication.
Libya militia held Lockerbie suspect before handover to U.S.
Politico 18 Dec 2022
Analysts said the Tripoli-based government responsible for handing over the suspect was likely seeking U.S ... CAIRO — Around midnight in mid-November, Libyan militiamen in two Toyota pickup trucks arrived at a residential building in a neighborhood of the capital of Tripoli ... Weeks after that night raid in Tripoli, the U.S.
REVEALED: 'Lockerbie bombmaker' was seized in his bedroom at midnight in Tripoli, blindfolded and thrown ...
The Daily Mail 18 Dec 2022
In a mugshot released on Monday, accused Lockerbie bombmaker Abu Agila Masud Kheir Al-Marimi was seen in custody of the Alexandria Sheriff's Office in northern Virginia. The prime minister of Libya has confirmed that the man suspected of being the Lockerbie bombmaker was seized from his home in Tripoli and handed over to the United States.
Libyan militiamen held Lockerbie plane bombing suspect before handover to US
Orlando Sentinel 18 Dec 2022
CAIRO — Around midnight in mid-November, Libyan militiamen in two Toyota pick-up trucks arrived at a residential building in a neighborhood of the capital of Tripoli ... Weeks after that night raid in Tripoli, the U.S ... Analysts said the Tripoli-based government responsible for handing over Mas'ud was likely seeking U.S.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
"""This module implements the TFTP Server functionality. Instantiate an
instance of the server, and then run the listen() method to listen for client
requests. Logging is performed via a standard logging object set in
TftpShared."""

import socket, os, time
import select
import threading
from TftpShared import *
from TftpPacketTypes import *
from TftpPacketFactory import TftpPacketFactory
from TftpContexts import TftpContextServer

class TftpServer(TftpSession):
    """This class implements a tftp server object. Run the listen() method to
    listen for client requests.  It takes two optional arguments. tftproot is
    the path to the tftproot directory to serve files from and/or write them
    to. dyn_file_func is a callable that must return a file-like object to
    read from during downloads. This permits the serving of dynamic
    content."""

    def __init__(self, tftproot='/tftpboot', dyn_file_func=None):
        self.listenip = None
        self.listenport = None
        self.sock = None
        # FIXME: What about multiple roots?
        self.root = os.path.abspath(tftproot)
        self.dyn_file_func = dyn_file_func
        # A dict of sessions, where each session is keyed by a string like
        # ip:tid for the remote end.
        self.sessions = {}
        # A threading event to help threads synchronize with the server
        # is_running state.
        self.is_running = threading.Event()

        self.shutdown_gracefully = False
        self.shutdown_immediately = False

        if self.dyn_file_func:
            if not callable(self.dyn_file_func):
                raise TftpException, "A dyn_file_func supplied, but it is not callable."
        elif os.path.exists(self.root):
            log.debug("tftproot %s does exist", self.root)
            if not os.path.isdir(self.root):
                raise TftpException, "The tftproot must be a directory."
            else:
                log.debug("tftproot %s is a directory", self.root)
                if os.access(self.root, os.R_OK):
                    log.debug("tftproot %s is readable", self.root)
                else:
                    raise TftpException, "The tftproot must be readable"
                if os.access(self.root, os.W_OK):
                    log.debug("tftproot %s is writable", self.root)
                else:
                    log.warning("The tftproot %s is not writable" % self.root)
        else:
            raise TftpException, "The tftproot does not exist."

    def listen(self,
               listenip="",
               listenport=DEF_TFTP_PORT,
               timeout=SOCK_TIMEOUT):
        """Start a server listening on the supplied interface and port. This
        defaults to INADDR_ANY (all interfaces) and UDP port 69. You can also
        supply a different socket timeout value, if desired."""
        tftp_factory = TftpPacketFactory()

        # Don't use new 2.5 ternary operator yet
        # listenip = listenip if listenip else '0.0.0.0'
        if not listenip: listenip = '0.0.0.0'
        log.info("Server requested on ip %s, port %s"
                % (listenip, listenport))
        try:
            # FIXME - sockets should be non-blocking
            self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
            self.sock.bind((listenip, listenport))
            _, self.listenport = self.sock.getsockname()
        except socket.error, err:
            # Reraise it for now.
            raise

        self.is_running.set()

        log.info("Starting receive loop...")
        while True:
            log.debug("shutdown_immediately is %s", self.shutdown_immediately)
            log.debug("shutdown_gracefully is %s", self.shutdown_gracefully)
            if self.shutdown_immediately:
                log.warn("Shutting down now. Session count: %d" % len(self.sessions))
                self.sock.close()
                for key in self.sessions:
                    self.sessions[key].end()
                self.sessions = []
                break

            elif self.shutdown_gracefully:
                if not self.sessions:
                    log.warn("In graceful shutdown mode and all sessions complete.")
                    self.sock.close()
                    break

            # Build the inputlist array of sockets to select() on.
            inputlist = []
            inputlist.append(self.sock)
            for key in self.sessions:
                inputlist.append(self.sessions[key].sock)

            # Block until some socket has input on it.
            log.debug("Performing select on this inputlist: %s", inputlist)
            readyinput, readyoutput, readyspecial = select.select(inputlist,
                                                                  [],
                                                                  [],
                                                                  SOCK_TIMEOUT)

            deletion_list = []

            # Handle the available data, if any. Maybe we timed-out.
            for readysock in readyinput:
                # Is the traffic on the main server socket? ie. new session?
                if readysock == self.sock:
                    log.debug("Data ready on our main socket")
                    buffer, (raddress, rport) = self.sock.recvfrom(MAX_BLKSIZE)

                    log.debug("Read %d bytes", len(buffer))

                    if self.shutdown_gracefully:
                        log.warn("Discarding data on main port, in graceful shutdown mode")
                        continue

                    # Forge a session key based on the client's IP and port,
                    # which should safely work through NAT.
                    key = "%s:%s" % (raddress, rport)

                    if not self.sessions.has_key(key):
                        log.debug("Creating new server context for "
                                     "session key = %s", key)
                        self.sessions[key] = TftpContextServer(raddress,
                                                               rport,
                                                               timeout,
                                                               self.root,
                                                               self.dyn_file_func)
                        try:
                            self.sessions[key].start(buffer)
                        except TftpException, err:
                            deletion_list.append(key)
                            log.error("Fatal exception thrown from "
                                      "session %s: %s" % (key, str(err)))
                    else:
                        log.warn("received traffic on main socket for "
                                 "existing session??")
                    log.info("Currently handling these sessions:")
                    for session_key, session in self.sessions.items():
                        log.info("    %s" % session)

                else:
                    # Must find the owner of this traffic.
                    for key in self.sessions:
                        if readysock == self.sessions[key].sock:
                            log.info("Matched input to session key %s"
                                % key)
                            try:
                                self.sessions[key].cycle()
                                if self.sessions[key].state == None:
                                    log.info("Successful transfer.")
                                    deletion_list.append(key)
                            except TftpException, err:
                                deletion_list.append(key)
                                log.error("Fatal exception thrown from "
                                          "session %s: %s"
                                          % (key, str(err)))
                            # Break out of for loop since we found the correct
                            # session.
                            break

                    else:
                        log.error("Can't find the owner for this packet. "
                                  "Discarding.")

            log.debug("Looping on all sessions to check for timeouts")
            now = time.time()
            for key in self.sessions:
                try:
                    self.sessions[key].checkTimeout(now)
                except TftpTimeout, err:
                    log.error(str(err))
                    self.sessions[key].retry_count += 1
                    if self.sessions[key].retry_count >= TIMEOUT_RETRIES:
                        log.debug("hit max retries on %s, giving up",
                            self.sessions[key])
                        deletion_list.append(key)
                    else:
                        log.debug("resending on session %s", self.sessions[key])
                        self.sessions[key].state.resendLast()

            log.debug("Iterating deletion list.")
            for key in deletion_list:
                log.info('')
                log.info("Session %s complete" % key)
                if self.sessions.has_key(key):
                    log.debug("Gathering up metrics from session before deleting")
                    self.sessions[key].end()
                    metrics = self.sessions[key].metrics
                    if metrics.duration == 0:
                        log.info("Duration too short, rate undetermined")
                    else:
                        log.info("Transferred %d bytes in %.2f seconds"
                            % (metrics.bytes, metrics.duration))
                        log.info("Average rate: %.2f kbps" % metrics.kbps)
                    log.info("%.2f bytes in resent data" % metrics.resent_bytes)
                    log.info("%d duplicate packets" % metrics.dupcount)
                    log.debug("Deleting session %s", key)
                    del self.sessions[key]
                    log.debug("Session list is now %s", self.sessions)
                else:
                    log.warn("Strange, session %s is not on the deletion list"
                        % key)

        self.is_running.clear()

        log.debug("server returning from while loop")
        self.shutdown_gracefully = self.shutdown_immediately = False

    def stop(self, now=False):
        """Stop the server gracefully. Do not take any new transfers,
        but complete the existing ones. If force is True, drop everything
        and stop. Note, immediately will not interrupt the select loop, it
        will happen when the server returns on ready data, or a timeout.
        ie. SOCK_TIMEOUT"""
        if now:
            self.shutdown_immediately = True
        else:
            self.shutdown_gracefully = True


text:
\section{Introduction}

Nowadays the Lorentz symmetry breaking is treated as an important ingredient of field theory models for probing quantum gravity phenomena. In fact, Lorentz-violating theories have been studied in various contexts, such as string theory \cite{Kos}, noncommutative field theory \cite{Car}, and, more recently, Horava-Lifshitz gravity \cite{Hor}.

Many of the effects observed for the Lorentz-breaking field theories at zero temperature are known to persist also at finite temperatures. For example, the dependence of the loop corrections on the regularization scheme in the finite temperature case was shown to arise in the one-loop order in the Lorentz-breaking quantum electrodynamics (QED) \cite{bnpp}. Analogous situation takes place in the Lorentz-breaking Yang-Mills theory \cite{YM4d}. Different issues related to the Lorentz-violating QED in the finite temperature case were considered in \cite{others}. In \cite{Cas} the finite temperature properties in the CPT-odd Lorentz-breaking extension of QED for a purely spacelike background were studied, and in \cite{Cas1} these properties were analysed for the CPT-even Lorentz-breaking extension.

Most of the previous studies of the Lorentz-breaking theories, including those described in \cite{bnpp,YM4d}, were based on the use of couplings which violate not only Lorentz symmetry but also the CPT symmetry, although CPT-even Lorentz breaking interactions are also possible and certainly require more detailed study. In this paper, we will see that, at the high temperature regime, the linear contribution in the Lorentz-breaking parameter may arise.

The aim of this paper is the study of one and two-loop corrections to the free energy (second order in the coupling constant $e$) of QED in the presence of Lorentz breaking terms, at finite temperature. As it is known the free energy provides an important information to different physical issues such as plasma behavior, solar interior and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) (see, \cite{Dicus,Heck,Lopez}). In this context, some aspects of the corrections to the free energy in theories without Lorentz-breaking are discussed in \cite{And,Kapusta}.

For estimating bounds of the Lorentz-breaking parameter, we use information of the BBN (for a review, see \cite{Ioc}), which is one of the observational pillars of the standard cosmology. Note that the Lorentz-violating parameter can explain for the light elements abundance. In particular, the difference between the theoretical and observational results can be understood as come from a contribution of the Lorentz-breaking parameter to the primordial helium abundance.

The structure of the paper is as follows. In Sec.~\ref{lvQED} we present the basic features of the Lorentz-violating QED in the regime of high temperature. In Sec.~\ref{fe} we calculate the one and two-loop contributions to the free energy for QED involving the Lorentz-breaking fermion coupling. In Sec.~\ref{ne}, by using information about the primordial helium abundance, we obtain a numerical estimation for the Lorentz violation parameter. A summary is presented in Sec.~\ref{su}.

\section{Lorentz-violating QED at high temperature}\label{lvQED}

Let us start by considering the Lagrangian of the Lorentz- and CPT-violating QED extension \cite{SME}
\begin{equation}\label{Lbfe}
{\cal L}=-\frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}-\frac14 (k_F)_{\mu\nu\lambda\rho}F^{\mu\nu}F^{\lambda\rho}+\frac12 (k_{AF})^\mu\epsilon_{\mu\nu\lambda\rho}A^\nu F^{\lambda\rho}+\bar{\psi}\left(i\Gamma^\mu D_\mu-M \right)\psi + {\cal L}_\mathrm{gf} + {\cal L}_\mathrm{gh},
\end{equation}
where $\Gamma^\mu = \gamma^\mu+\Gamma_1^\mu$, $M=m+M_1$, with
\begin{eqnarray}
\Gamma_1^\mu &=& c^{\mu\nu}\gamma_\nu + d^{\mu\nu}\gamma_5\gamma_\nu + e^\mu + if^\mu\gamma_5 + \textstyle{1\over 2}g^{\lambda\nu\mu}\sigma_{\lambda\nu} \\
M_1 &=& a_\mu\gamma^\mu + b_\mu\gamma_5\gamma^\mu + \textstyle{1\over 2}H_{\mu\nu}\sigma^{\mu\nu},
\end{eqnarray}
and $D_\mu = \partial_\mu + ieA_\mu$. ${\cal L}_\mathrm{gf}$ is the gauge fixing term and ${\cal L}_\mathrm{gh}$ is the ghost field term, which decouples from the rest of the Lagrangian. The coefficients carrying an odd (even) number of Lorentz indices are CPT-odd (-even).

The two Lorentz-violating terms of the photon sector, the Chern-Simons-like (CPT-odd) and $(k_F)_{\mu\nu\lambda\rho}F^{\mu\nu}F^{\lambda\rho}$ (CPT-even) terms, can be induced by radiative corrections from the terms with the coefficients $b_\mu$ and $c_{\mu\nu}$ of the fermion sector, respectively, so that $(k_{AF})_\mu\propto b_\mu$ \cite{JacKos} and \cite{KosLan}
\begin{equation}\label{kF}
(k_F)_{\mu\nu\lambda\rho} \propto \frac12 g_{\mu\lambda}(c_{\nu\rho}+c_{\rho\nu})+\frac12 g_{\nu\rho}(c_{\mu\lambda}+c_{\lambda\mu})-\frac12 g_{\mu\rho}(c_{\nu\lambda}+c_{\lambda\nu})-\frac12 g_{\nu\lambda}(c_{\mu\rho}+c_{\rho\mu}).
\end{equation}

The coefficients $a_\mu$, $b_\mu$, $H_{\mu\nu}$, and $(k_{AF})_\mu$ have dimensions of mass, while $c_{\mu\nu}$, $d_{\mu\nu}$, $e_\mu$, $f_\mu$, $g_{\lambda\nu\mu}$, and $(k_F)_{\mu\nu\lambda\rho}$ are dimensionless. In the high temperature regime ($T\gg M$) the dimensionful coefficients may be neglected. For instance, the $b_\mu$-corrections to the free energy are observed to be proportional to $b^2T^2$, similarly to the scenario occurring with the corrections stemming from the Chern-Simions-like term \cite{Cas}. Thus both $b_\mu$ and $(k_{AF})_\mu$ are negligible at high temperature, as well as  $a_\mu$ and $H_{\mu\nu}$.

Among the dimensionless coefficients, $e_\mu$, $f_\mu$, and $g_{\lambda\nu\mu}$ are expected to be much smaller than the other, because their terms cannot be obtained directly from the standard model extension \cite{SME} (for more details, see also \cite{Mat}). Moreover, if we require that the theory at high temperature is invariant under chiral transformations, these terms are ruled out, since $\{\gamma_5,e^\mu + if^\mu\gamma_5 + \textstyle{1\over 2}g^{\lambda\nu\mu}\sigma_{\lambda\nu}\}\neq0$.

Therefore, the remaining coefficients are $c_{\mu\nu}$, $d_{\mu\nu}$, and $(k_F)_{\mu\nu\lambda\rho}$. Now, in order to get a Clifford algebra for $\Gamma^\mu = \gamma^\mu + c^{\mu\nu}\gamma_\nu + d^{\mu\nu}\gamma_5\gamma_\nu$, we must choose $d_{\mu\nu}=Q(\delta_{\mu\nu}+c_{\mu\nu})$, where $Q$ is a constant \cite{Aria}. With this assumptions, the theory (\ref{Lbfe}) becomes
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Lbfe2}
{\cal L}_\mathrm{high}&=&-\frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}-\frac14 (k_F)_{\mu\nu\lambda\rho}F^{\mu\nu}F^{\lambda\rho}+\bar{\psi}\left[i\partial_\mu(g^{\mu\nu}+c^{\mu\nu})\tilde\gamma_\nu-e\,A_\mu(g^{\mu\nu}+c^{\mu\nu})\tilde\gamma_\nu\right]\psi \nonumber\\
&& + {\cal L}_\mathrm{gf} + {\cal L}_\mathrm{gh},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\tilde\gamma^\mu=(1+Q\gamma_5)\gamma^\mu$.

We now assume rotational invariance, such that the coefficients in~(\ref{Lbfe2}) may be reduced to products of a given unit timelike vector $u_\mu$, which describes the preferred frame (see \cite{JacLib}, for more details). Proceeding in this way, we write $c_{\mu\nu}= \kappa\,u_\mu u_\nu$, and
\begin{equation}
(k_F)_{\mu\nu\lambda\rho} = \tilde\kappa\,(g_{\mu\lambda}u_\nu u_\rho + g_{\nu\rho}u_\mu u_\lambda - g_{\mu\rho}u_\nu u_\lambda - g_{\nu\lambda}u_\mu u_\rho),
\end{equation}
see Eq.~(\ref{kF}), where $u_\mu=(1,0,0,0)$ and now $\kappa$ and $\tilde\kappa$ are the coefficients that determine the scale of Lorentz violation. By choosing $\alpha=1$ (Feynman gauge) and $\tilde\kappa=(1+\frac{\kappa}{2})\kappa$, which is convenient to keep the Lagrangian (\ref{Lbfe2}) formally covariant, we get
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}=-\frac{1}{4}\tilde F_{\mu\nu}\tilde F^{\mu\nu} +i\bar{\psi}\tilde\partial_\mu\tilde\gamma^\mu\psi-e\,\bar\psi\tilde A_\mu\tilde\gamma^\mu\psi +\frac12(\tilde\partial_\mu \tilde A^\mu)^2 + (\tilde\partial_\mu\bar C)(\tilde\partial^\mu C),
\end{equation}
where $\tilde F_{\mu\nu}=\tilde\partial_\mu\tilde A_\nu - \tilde\partial_\nu\tilde A_\mu$, with $\tilde\partial_\mu=((1+\kappa)\partial_0,\partial_i)$ and $\tilde A^\mu=((1+\kappa)A^0,A^i)$.
The corresponding Feynman rules are shown in Fig.~\ref{FR}.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics{FR.eps}
\caption{Feynman Rules. Continuous, wavy, and dashed lines represent the fermion, photon, and ghost propagators, respectively, with momenta $\tilde p^\mu=((1+\kappa)p^0,p^i)$. The fermion-photon vertex is the usual one, $-ie\,\tilde\gamma^\mu$.}
\label{FR}
\end{figure}

\section{The free energy}\label{fe}

Let us now compute the free energy per unit of volume (pressure) as a function of the temperature $T$ and of the coupling constant $e$, in the regime of high temperature. We shall calculate the expression for the pressure to order $e^2$, which has the form
\begin{equation}\label{P}
P = \frac{T\ln Z}{V} = P_0 + P_2,
\end{equation}
where $P_0$ is the zero order contribution in the coupling constant and $P_2$ is the second order one. The free energy density is minus the expression (\ref{P}).

\subsection{One-loop contribution}

The lowest-order contributions are given by the three one-loop vacuum diagrams, displayed in Fig.~\ref{oneloop}, and written in the imaginary time formalism as
\begin{equation}\label{P0}
P_0=\mathrm{tr}\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dp\}\ln\Slash{\tilde p}+4(-{\textstyle\frac12})\,\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int dp\ln\tilde p^2+2({\textstyle\frac12})\,\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int dp\ln\tilde p^2,
\end{equation}
respectively, where we have introduced the shorthand notation
\begin{equation}
\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dp\}=T\sum_{p_0=2\pi (n+\frac12)T}\int\frac{d^3p}{(2\pi)^3}
\end{equation}
for fermionic loop momenta and
\begin{equation}
\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int dp=T\sum_{p_0=2\pi nT}\int\frac{d^3p}{(2\pi)^3}
\end{equation}
for bosonic loop momenta, and $\Slash{\tilde p}=\tilde p_\mu\tilde\gamma^\mu$.

As usual, the bosonic contributions of Eq.~(\ref{P0}) have four degrees of freedom for the gauge field (Fig.~\ref{oneloop}(b)) and two degrees of freedom for the ghost field (Fig.~\ref{oneloop}(c)).
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\hspace{-0.5cm}
\includegraphics{pict_a.eps}
\caption{One loop vacuum diagrams.}
\label{oneloop}
\end{figure}
The fermionic contribution, after the calculation of the trace,
\begin{equation}
P_0^f=2\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dp\} \ln[(1-Q^2)(p_0^2(1+\kappa)^2+{\bf p}^2)],
\end{equation}
has the same form as the bosonic contributions,
\begin{equation}
P_0^b=-\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int dp \ln(p_0^2(1+\kappa)^2+{\bf p}^2).
\end{equation}
In order to evaluate these expressions we proceed similarly to \cite{DJ},  such that
\begin{equation}
P_0=\int\frac{d^3p}{(2\pi)^3}\left[\frac{|{\bf p}|}{1+\kappa}+\frac{4}{\beta}\ln\left(1+e^{-\frac{|{\bf p}|\beta}{1+\kappa}}\right)-\frac{2}{\beta}\ln\left(1-e^{-\frac{|{\bf p}|\beta}{1+\kappa}}\right)\right],
\end{equation}
which is independent of the parameter $Q$. The zero temperature (divergent) part is absorbed in a renormalization of the vacuum energy \cite{Kapusta}. Therefore, after integrating in the angular variables, we get
\begin{equation}
P_0=\frac{2}{\pi^2\beta}\int_0^{\infty}dr\,r^2\ln\left(1+e^{-\frac{r\beta}{1+\kappa}}\right)-\frac{1}{\pi^2\beta}\int_0^{\infty}dr\,r^2\ln\left(1-e^{-\frac{r\beta}{1+\kappa}}\right),
\end{equation}
and finally, we obtain
\begin{equation}
P_0=\frac{11\pi^2}{180}T^4(1+\kappa)^3.
\end{equation}

Therefore we conclude that the only impact of the Lorentz symmetry breaking in the case of the CPT-even Lorentz-breaking parameter consists in the modification of a constant factor.

\subsection{Two-loop contribution}

In this subsection we study the two-loop contributions to the free energy. The Lorentz violating contribution to free energy up to the two-loop order (which corresponds to the second order in $e$, is given by Fig.~\ref{twoloop}),
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics{pict_b.eps}
\caption{Two-loop diagram.}
\label{twoloop}
\end{figure}
which can be written as
\begin{equation}\label{P2}
P_2 =\frac12 e^2\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dp\}\,\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dq\}\,\mathrm{tr}\,\left[\tilde\gamma^\mu\frac{1}{\Slash{\tilde p}}\tilde\gamma_\mu \frac{1}{\Slash{\tilde q}}\frac{1}{(\tilde p+\tilde q)^2}\right] .
\end{equation}
Note that, due to the fact that
\begin{equation}
\tilde\gamma^\mu\frac{1}{\tilde p_\alpha\tilde\gamma^\alpha}=\gamma^\mu\frac{1}{\tilde p_\alpha\gamma^\alpha},
\end{equation}
the above second order contribution is also independent of the parameter $Q$, and so on for the other contributions. Thus, we can rewrite (\ref{P2}) as
\begin{equation}
P_2 =\frac12 e^2\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dp\}\,\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dq\}\,\mathrm{tr}\,\left[\gamma^\mu \frac{\tilde p_\alpha\gamma^\alpha}{\tilde p^2}\gamma_\mu \frac{\tilde q_\beta\gamma^\beta}{\tilde q^2}\frac{1}{(\tilde p+\tilde q)^2}\right],
\end{equation}
so that, after calculating the trace, we get
\begin{equation}
P_2 = 2e^2\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dp\}\,\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int\{dq\}\left[-\frac{1}{\tilde p^2\tilde q^2}+\frac{1}{\tilde q^2(\tilde p+\tilde q)^2}+\frac{1}{\tilde p^2(\tilde p+\tilde q)^2}\right].
\end{equation}

Using the results for the sum-integrals,
\begin{eqnarray}
\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dp\}\,\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int\{dq\}\frac{1}{\tilde p^2\tilde q^2}&=&\frac{1}{576}T^4(1+\kappa)^2,\\
\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int \{dp\}\,\hbox{$\sum$}\!\!\!\!\!\!\int\{dq\}\frac{1}{\tilde q^2(\tilde p+\tilde q)^2}&=&-\frac{1}{288}T^4(1+\kappa)^2,
\end{eqnarray}
we arrive at the following Lorentz violating contribution to the free energy,
\begin{equation}
\label{res}
P_2 = -\frac{5}{288}e^2T^4(1+\kappa)^2.
\end{equation}
Thus, the modification in the free energy due to the Lorentz-breaking parameter for the two-loop order consists only in multiplying by a constant, just as in the one-loop order.

Therefore, the expression for the pressure to order $e^2$ in the presence of Lorentz symmetry breaking looks like
\begin{eqnarray}\label{P}
P=\frac{\pi^2T^4}{9}\left[ \frac{11}{20}(1+\kappa)^3-\frac{5e^2}{32\pi^2}(1+\kappa)^2\right].
\end{eqnarray}

\section{Numerical estimations}\label{ne}

In order to estimate a bound for the Lorentz violating parameter $\kappa$, we use the theoretical predictions of the primordial helium abundance $Y$ developed in the references \cite{Dicus, Heck, Lopez}. A way to determine $Y$ consists in the analysis of the change in thermodynamics quantities such as the energy density $\rho$, the pressure $P$ and the neutrino temperature $T_\nu$. Using the result (\ref{P}), let us now study these changes in the presence of the Lorentz-breaking.

The contribution to the energy density can be found from the standard thermodynamic relation $\rho=-P+T(\partial P/\partial T)$, so that
\begin{equation}
\rho = \frac{\pi^2T^4}{15} (N+\delta N),
\end{equation}
where $N=\frac{11}{4}$ and $\delta N\approx-0.007+8.236\kappa$. Thus, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\frac{\Delta\rho}{\rho} \approx -2.5\times10^{-3}+2.994\kappa.
\end{equation}
The fraction $\Delta Y$ is affected by QED in several ways, as can be seen in \cite{Heck}. The total effect is approximately
\begin{equation}
\Delta Y \approx 2.9\times10^{-4} + 0.15\frac{\Delta T_\nu}{T_\nu} + 0.07\frac{\Delta\rho}{\rho},
\end{equation}
where $T_\nu$ depends on energy density $\rho$ (for more details, see \cite{Wein}).

The usual theoretical result, without parameter $\kappa$, is $\Delta Y\approx10^{-4}$, whereas the experimental one is $\Delta Y\approx10^{-3}$ \cite{Ioc}. Therefore, an upper bound for $\kappa$ necessary for the coincidence of the theoretical and experimental results must be $\kappa\sim10^{-2}$. This result agrees with the value found in \cite{Lane,Russell}.

\section{Summary}\label{su}

We have calculated the contributions to the free energy in the rotationally invariant Lorentz-violating QED in one- and two-loop approximations at high temperature. The corresponding correction to the pressure was then determined.

We also observe  that Lorentz violation can be used to explain the difference between theoretical and experimental predictions of the primordial helium abundance. By matching these predictions, we have estimated the Lorentz-breaking parameter $\kappa\sim10^{-2}$, which agrees with that obtained in \cite{Lane}.

{\bf Acknowledgements.} This work was partially supported by Conselho
Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\'{\i}fico e Tecnol\'{o}gico (CNPq)
and Funda\c{c}\~{a}o de Amparo \`{a} Pesquisa do Estado de S\~{a}o
Paulo (FAPESP), Coordena\c{c}\~{a}o de Aperfei\c{c}oamento do Pessoal
do Nivel Superior (CAPES: AUX-PE-PROCAD 579/2008) and CNPq/PRONEX/FAPESQ.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Fred McLeod Wilcox's Forbidden Planet for MGM proves to be an amazing mix of Freudian theory, Shakespearean allusion and technophobia set to the world's first fully electronic film score, courtesy of maverick Greenwich Village husband-and-wife team Louis and Bebe Barron. The story concerns Commander John J. Adams (Leslie Nielsen) and the crew of United Planets Cruiser C57-D, who touch down on Altair IV in search of survivors from a failed exploration mission 20 years earlier. There they encounter Dr Edward Morbius (Walter Pidgeon), a genius living in isolation with his virginal daughter Alta (Anne Francis), who informs Adams that his colleagues were exterminated one-by-one by a mysterious planetary force soon after landing. When Adams and his warm-blooded subordinates begin to take a romantic interest in Alta, the invisible monster returns to slay them, prompting the commander to further investigate Morbius. The latter admits that he's been using the technology of a long-extinct race of superbeings who once inhabited Altair IV, the Krell, to build his splendid home there, a revelation that causes Adams to guess the unnerving truth about the malevolent creature and its origins.
The conflicted Morbius stands in for Prospero in an inspired relocation of The Tempest (1610) to outer space by writer Cyril Hume, with Alta an otherworldly Miranda and the "Monster of the id" akin to the brutal savage Caliban. While these parallels are interesting, they are not the primary focus of Hume's screenplay. Instead, the writer presents us with a psychological drama in which Morbius is so unsettled at seeing the oedipal paradise in which he dwells with Alta invaded by the rescue mission that his subconscious mind, facilitated by the advanced Krell technology, lashes out by manifesting a monster to destroy all those who threaten his queasy domestic arrangements. This reading places Adams in the role of the detective psychoanalyst and also means that the film advocates emotional and sexual repression. "We're all part monster in our unconscious. That's why we have laws and religion", Adams states, later ordering Alta, the free-spirited nature girl who cavorts with deer and tigers, to cover up in the name of earthly modesty. The film's conservatism is also extended towards technology, cautioning against its falling into the wrong hands and having the army step in to save the day and even commandeer Robby the Robot, Morbius's automaton butler. Morbius is meanwhile punished for playing god like so many meddling scientists in 1950s sci-fi and its precursors, encountering himself (figuratively) in the depths of the universe, just as Sam Rockwell's technician does (literally) in Moon (2009), and not liking what he sees.
In addition to its innovative, experimental soundscape, blurring atmospheric Theremin effects with eerie bleeps and zaps, Forbidden Planet features some wonderful matte painted planet backdrops and a number of stylish sets (Morbius's home was memorably likened to Frank Sinatra's Las Vegas living room by Ridley Scott in the 2005 documentary Watch The Skies!) as well as a witty script well played by a sporting cast. However, for my money, it's a touch too heavy on exposition scenes and a little too light on incident to retain one's interest throughout. As with Richard Fleischer's 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea two years earlier, we are invited to marvel at the spectacle on show, cutting edge at the time, but somehow there's not quite enough narrative invention to sustain the film in spite of its bold themes. Nevertheless, Forbidden Planet is a cute piece of work that has left a lasting cultural legacy. Its name lives on in a chain of sci-fi memorabilia shops and its opening starship scenes seem an obvious inspiration for Gene Roddenberry's original Star Trek series (1966-69), with the teleport beams a clear lift.
And then of course there's Robby. This clanking tin Arial, first sketched by washing machine designer Robert Kinoshita and built for the princely sum of $125,000, went on to become one of the most enduring and popular of all 1950s sci-fi creations. On the back of Forbidden Planet's success, Robby starred in his own film, The Invisible Boy (1957) directed by Herman Hoffman, in which he befriends the young son of a mathematics professor before being reprogrammed by an evil supercomputer determined to hijack the US space programme. After this highly eccentric but charming outing, Robby paid the rent by making numerous guest appearances in TV shows like The Twilight Zone (1959-64), Lost In Space (1965-68) and Wonder Woman (1975-79). The highlight of this run is perhaps the 1958 'Robot Client' episode of The Thin Man (1957-59), starring Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk, in which Robby is framed for murder by a lab assistant terrified of his potential in relation to the development of atomic power. Robby is still working today, appearing in a promo for General Electric just last year. This metal manservant deserves to live on forever for his delivery of Forbidden Planet's most risqué line. Alta summons him and is frustrated to find him slow in arriving at her side, prompting her to ask where he's been. "I was just giving myself an oil job", he replies, as deadpan and inscrutable as ever.
Labels: Anne Francis, Fred McLeod Wilcox, Leslie Nielsen, Science Fiction, Walter Pidgeon
I'm All Right Jack (1959)
Lady Killer (1937)


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Amber Run + Stereo Honey at O2 Academy, Birmingham, UK – 6th October 2019
Posted by Bianca on Sunday Oct 6, 2019 Under Alternative rock, Indie Pop, Indie rock, Rock
Review by Charlie Tennant with Photography by Rob Hadley
Nottingham's indie rock trio Amber Run delivered an intimate, emotional set that captured the hearts of all fans, new and old.
Opening the night was stadium-sized juggernaut, Stereo Honey. With luscious, wide range vocals almost reminiscent of Thom Yorke with a hint of Two Door Cinema Club's Alex Trimble, this act wasted no time at all setting the scene for the indie-rock clan of Birmingham tonight. With catchy, swaying ambience blended with unusual synth-esque sonics played by guitar, this act delivered a characteristic set that will surely lay the foundations for their future success.
Seemingly bigger than the stage they stand on, they storm onto stage with an eerie opening of piano keys from 'Leader Countdown' before heading straight into the roaring single, 'Neon Circus' from their newest album, Philophobia. With a slight improvisation towards the end of the song, it's clear that Amber Run are keen to deliver a set that performs and moves.
Without wasting time, the band perform 2015 hit, 'Just My Soul Responding', where lead-man Joe Keogh hands the singing role over to his captive audience. And what a job they do, as Keogh looks very chuffed with himself and his band through the noticeable connection to their audience as the song draws to a comfortable conclusion. There is a sense of pride felt by all in the room tonight.
Moving on through their catalogue of music, new single, Affection, is up next, as lead-man Joe invites his mate Pete Restrick to the stage from support act, Stereo Honey, to help sing this one. Showing the softer side of their latest tunes through lyrics and instrumentals that poke and prod at the audiences hearts, the duet harmonies emphasise the lyrical cry out for connection in love. As the song finishes, Keogh preaches that "the boys got some pipes ain't he" as he kisses goodbye to Restrick.
The middle of tonight's set sees us moving into "sad boy territory", Keogh professes. "I hate playing this song… Because I f*cked it up so bad a few weeks ago. And everything I make a mistake it makes me feel further from the one I lost", as the lead-man goes on to explain this next track is a "eulogy I wish I'd said at my Granddad's funeral". An emotive introduction to a song that would strike the hearts of many in the room tonight. A solo song by Keogh, 'Amen' from the band's 2018 EP, The Assembly was the tearjerker played this evening that filled the room with sorrow and sadness.
Continuing in said territory, the act move on to one of their well known slow-burners, 5AM, the title track from their debut album. Sadly this was the only performance tonight which I felt lacked the energy and drive that the band so clearly displayed prior to this piece. It could be down to the nature of the song, but I was expecting some more improvisation and leg work around this one. Despite not differing too much from the studio recording, the crowd still enjoyed it and it is a masterpiece to hear live.
Ploying the audience to "come with us," we move back into energetic territory, with upbeat hit, 'Carousel', from their latest album, Philophobia.
Closing the main set with 'Wastelands', Amber Run left the audience begging for more. Without much time wasted, the lads jump back to stage, promising three more songs including their hit track 'I Found', from the act's 2014 EP, Pilot EP. Bringing the night to a comfortable close with the upbeat 2016 single, 'No Answers' which got the audience moving and swinging their heads along with the lead-man, whose final display of energy on the stage matched that of the audience.
I think what's really special about the performance tonight is that, while the new album, Philiphobia, breaks away from the band's original genre; tonight's show gives listeners both songs that would be best for a night in with candles and blankets, while other songs make you want to scream from the rooftops. There's a uniqueness that this band have bred, and I'm excited to see where they take it next.
Neon Circus
Just My Soul Responding
Fickle Game
No One Gets Out Alive
Dark Bloom
What Could Be As Lonely As Love
The Darkness Has A Voice
I Found


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Pentru că se iubesc este un film românesc din 1972 regizat de Mihai Iacob. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Emmerich Schäffer, Ilinca Tomoroveanu, Alexandru Repan.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 1.548.391 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1972 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1972
Filme regizate de Mihai Iacob
Filme dramatice românești

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Classical Theatre of Harlem appoints Carl Cofield new associate artistic director
AmNews Staff Reports | 8/16/2018, 12:06 p.m.
Carl Cofield, CTH's new Associate Artistic Director Contributed
The Classical Theatre of Harlem recently announced the appointment of Carl Cofield as associate artistic director. Cofield comes to the organization with a long history of directing for CTH and regional theaters across America. Well versed in working with classic theater productions and new plays, Cofield is also a theater instructor and is currently on the faculties of The New School and New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. CTH is thrilled to welcome Cofield to further expand the mission and vision of the company.
Coming off a successful run directing this summer's production of "Antigone," Cofield will support the work of Producing Artistic Director Ty Jones. As associate artistic director, Cofield will be key in helping to further refine and implement CTH's artistic vision. As part of the senior management team, he will assist with the company's strategic planning and fundraising and in all areas of programming. Cofield will also work to assemble creative teams for CTH's future productions and will direct one of the company's three productions each year.
Cofield is a New York-based theater maker and educator. Originally from Miami, he was introduced to theater at an early age and began his professional career as an actor at the age of 4. By the time he entered performing arts school, he had acted in numerous national commercials, television shows ("Miami Vice," "House of Payne," "Law & Order," "Superboy") and films ("Mama, I Want to Sing," "Band of the Hand," "Angel City," "The Assassin").
Cofield graduated from the first class of the New World School of the Arts in Miami and matriculated to the theater conservatory at the University of Miami, where he graduated with a BFA. Always interested in the classics, he studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London before heading to New York. In New York, he quickly gained a reputation as a young actor equally versed in the classics and contemporary works. He began working at prestigious theaters across the United States: Arena Stage, Berkeley Repertory, McCarter, Geffen and many others. He was a resident company member of the Alabama Shakespeare Festival, the Acting Company and Shakespeare Santa Cruz. After a successful career as an actor for many years, Cofield moved into the director's chair.
He attended graduate school at Columbia University, where he was a Shubert Fellow. He was mentored by Anne Bogart, who helped him sharpen his craft as a director. As a director, Cofield has won an NAACP Award and has been nominated for several AUDELCO Awards in New York City. His passion lies in reinvestigating classics and looking at them through a multi-cultural lens. He has directed several shows for CTH, including "Dutchman," "The Tempest," "Macbeth" and "Antigone."
Cofield said, "The opportunity to create theater in the heart of New York City is a dream come true and deeply personal. I grew up as a young Black boy in Miami, Fla. when theater changed the trajectory of my life. In my youth, I saw the transformation from words on paper to live action on a stage and every so often, the hero resembled me. Seeing someone that mirrored my features motivated me to be a part of that world. I am overjoyed to join the Classical Theatre of Harlem and to bring the arts to the beautiful people of Harlem and New York City. Having directed several shows for CTH, I look forward to further serving the community and I hope that our productions will have the same profound, moving impact on a young person that it had on me."
The CTH is an American theater company that tells stories as seen through the lens of the African Diaspora and does work that honors the cultural legacy of the neighborhood in which it was founded: Harlem. CTH combines original adaptations, music and dance to present great classics of world literature as well as contemporary works that will stand the test of time while being truly reflective of the diversity of ideas and racial tapestry that is America. Since its founding in 1999, CTH has presented works ranging from traditional classical playwrights (Anton Chekhov, Euripides and William Shakespeare) to established 20th-century playwrights (August Wilson, Langston Hughes and Jean Genet) to new plays by emerging playwrights (Kemp Powers, Radha Blank and Betty Shamieh). CTH also proudly provides theater-based training and live theater experiences to Harlem youth and their families through its arts education program, Project Classics. The organization engages new audiences, provides artistic development of new work and gives exposure to emerging playwrights with its three free reading series: Future Classics, Playwrights' Playground and Revisited Classics.
CTH celebrates 15th anniversary
Classical Theatre of Harlem stages Shakespeare's 'Midsummer' final performance on July 30
Black Theater exhibit opens at Interchurch Center
Shakespeare returns to Harlem
Community Works presents celebration of Black theater


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Tag Archives: Aga Khan Park
From Dawn to Dusk at the Aga Khan Park, Ismaili Centre and Aga Khan Museum: A Collection of Superb Photos
Mawlana Hazar Imam His Highness the Aga Khan's vision, creativity and thought followed by action makes him a talisman for the Ismaili community and for millions around the entire world. For Simerg's Malik Merchant, Mawlana Hazar Imam's three projects in Toronto, among hundreds of others around the world that benefit humanity at large, attest to his brilliant leadership. Malik spent a few hours from dawn to dusk at the grounds of the Aga Khan Museum, the Aga Khan Park and the Ismaili Centre to bring you a collection of marvellous photos. View the complete collection by clicking SIMERGPHOTOS or the image below.
Please click on image for photos.
Date posted: January 19, 2021.
Before departing this website please take a moment to review Simerg's Table of Contents for links to hundreds of thought provoking pieces on a vast array of subjects including faith and culture, history and philosophy, and arts and letters to name a few. Also visit Simerg's sister websites Barakah, dedicated to His Highness the Aga Khan, and Simergphotos.
Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: His Highness the Aga Khan, Science and Nature, Travel	Tags: Aga Khan Museum, Aga Khan Park, Ismaili Centre, Simergphotos
Let Storms Beware
Karim H. Karim's beautiful poem is followed by a brief note from the editor as well as some pictures that he set off to take at Toronto's Aga Khan Park, shortly after he had been inspired by the poem.
By KARIM H. KARIM
(Dedicated to all who are sad)
Sweetest are the songs
That we sing in sorrows;
Tears swell in our eyes
Even when joy overflows.
Naïve folk fear the thorns
Where flowers do flourish,
Fresh with hues of hope.
Dawn's light is nearest
When sadness is darkest,
Sings the black night
In stars' silent twinkle.
Embrace the aching pain,
Learn to laugh a little
And to comfort others.
That we are lighting
The lamps of love.
Date posted: October 20, 2020.
Last updated: October 22, 2020.
(Based on Shankardas Shailendra's (1923-1966) "Hain Sabse Madhur Wo Geet," which evokes Percy Shelley's (1792-1822) line "Our sweetest songs are those that tell of the saddest thought.")
Karim H. Karim
About the author: Karim H. Karim is the Director of the Carleton Centre for the Study of Islam and a Professor at Carleton University's School of Journalism and Communication.
Editor's note: I was truly feeling sad earlier today (October 20), thinking about my daughter and my mother whom I haven't visited for several months due to Covid-19. I was lonely, and also worried about my health in these uncertain times! My friend Karim H. Karim who is nearly 450 kms from me must have sensed that. I was waiting for another article from him altogether, not a piece dedicated for those who are sad. In my reply to his humble submission, I told him I would review it in a few days time! However, I decided to read it straight away, and his piece truly cheered me up. And in that moment of becoming a lot less sad, I gained some energy and headed to my favourite place! Yes, the Aga Khan Park, with two incredible buildings, the Ismaili Centre and the Aga Khan Museum around it — gracious gifts from Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan.
Admittedly, I haven't been to the Park for a number of weeks, passing by it only in my car. The photographs that I took during my visit to the Park, represent my joyous moments, that I owe to Karim's beautiful rendition. As I walked to the park, I was reminded of Mawlana Hazar Imam's quote where he says that if one has faith, one may be worried, one may at times feel sad but one will never be unhappy. How true! Enjoy the photos, which were inspired by the poem.
Note: The following photos — and more — can be viewed in larger format at Simerg's special photo blog. Please click Bidding Farewell to Vibrant Autumn Colours at Aga Khan Park. If you haven't visited the blog please click Simergphotos for an outstanding collection of photo essays!
The flag of the Ismaili Imamat by maple trees at the peak of autumn colours. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg.
A close up of autumn colours on a maple tree at the Aga Khan Park. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg.
The Aga Khan Museum building as seen from the edge of the Aga Khan Park at the Wynford Drive bridge over the Don Valley Parkway. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg.
The famous Big Heech sculpture by the north end of the Aga Khan Museum, with maple trees in the background exhibiting their fall colours. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg.
A gorgeous view of the dome of the Ismaili Jamatkhana, with rich autumn colours at the Aga Khan Park adding to the beauty of entire area. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg.
Beautiful trees with rich autumn colours at the Aga Khan Park. To the left and not shown is the dome of the Ismaili Centre. See previous photo. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg
A close up of the Ismaili Jamatkhana dome with a maple tree rich in autumn colours in the foreground. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg.
A view of CN Tower from the Evergreen Brick Works located in the Don River Valley on 550 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, a 10 minute drive from the Aga Khan Park. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg.
A beautiful view of red maple trees lined up at the edge of the Aga Khan Park along Wynford Drive, from the Aga Khan Museum (near end) to the Ismaili Centre. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg
Red maples reach the peak of their fall colours at the Aga Khan Park, with a view of the Ismaili Jamatkhana dome at left. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg.
From left to right, flags of the Ismaili Imamat, the City of Toronto, the Province of Ontario and Canada, with its famous Maple Leaf. Photo: © Malik Merchant / Simerg.
Last updated: October 21, 2020 (new link).
We welcome feedback from our readers. Please complete the LEAVE A REPLY form below or, if you don't see the box, please click Leave a comment. Your letter may be edited for length and brevity, and is subject to moderation.
Before departing this website please take a moment to review Simerg's Table of Contents for links to hundreds of thought provoking pieces on a vast array of subjects including faith and culture, history and philosophy, and arts and letters to name a few.
Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: Aga Khan Museum, Aga Khan Park, COVID-19, Poetry, Science and Nature, Travel	Tags: Aga Khan Park, Autumn Foliage, Dedication, Karim H. Karim, Sadness
Photos: Ismaili Centre Jamatkhana in Full Glory, and a Unique Garden Party
The Toronto Headquarters Jamatkhana located at the Ismaili Centre Toronto on 49 Wynford Drive, reopens Monday August 17, 2020, after 156 days of closure due to Covid-19. We bring you photos of the dome, which was lit for the first time in months, and a unique Garden Party organized by the Aga Khan Museum at the adjacent Aga Khan Park. Please click Jamatkhana in Full Glory or on image below.
Please click on image for story and more photos.
Please also read Parin Verjee's Poem Inspired by the Reopening of Jamatkhanas.
Date posted: August 16, 2020.
Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: Simergphotos	Tags: Aga Khan Park, Ismaili Centre Jamatkhana Dome, Photos
Crescent Moon at Aga Khan Park and the Ismaili Centre
Malik Merchant, having spent a whole night on July 4-5, 2020, at Aga Khan Park taking photos of the Full Moon, alas, did not have the same opportunity with the New Moon a few days ago. It rose during daytime, and set soon after dusk, and its visibility was extremely low. So 3 days later, he spent a few hours at the Ismaili Centre photographing the Crescent Moon that had reached an illumination of around 12%. Please click HERE or on image below for story and plenty of photos!
Crescent moon over the front main entrance of the Ismaili Centre Toronto. Please click for story and photos.
Date posted: July 26, 2020.
Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: Science and Nature, Simergphotos, Travel	Tags: Aga Khan Park, Crescent Moon
Photo Essay: Alone at Aga Khan Park on a Full Moon Night
Malik Merchant decides to spend a night in July at the Aga Khan Park, with the full moon as his companion! Please click HERE or on photo below to read his post in Simergphotos.
Please click on photo for story.
Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: Literary Readings from Ismaili History	Tags: Aga Khan Park, Full Moon, Ismaili Centre
SPECIAL EVENT JULY 20-21: Attend the Moon Landing Festival at the Aga Khan Museum, the Ismaili Centre and the Aga Khan Park
Two magnificent buildings, the Aga Khan Museum and the Ismaili Centre, and their adjoining Aga Khan Park on Wynford Drive in Toronto are celebrating the 50th anniversary of man's first landing on the moon with an extraordinary two-day festival on July 20-21, 2019 featuring live music, food fair, artisan market and family friendly activities. Here is a summary of what has been planned.
Moon Landing Festival
Date: Saturday, July 20 (12-10pm) & Sunday, July 21 (12-6pm), RAIN OR SHINE, Price: FREE
Interactive Art
Sonic Orbiter by System Sounds: Make your own tunes by 'playing' the craters of the moon (Sat. 12–7:30 pm & Sun. 12–6 pm)
Moon Crater Sketching: (Sat. 2:30, 3:30, 4:30, & 5:30 pm)
Hoop Dancing Class: With Lisa Odjig (Sat. 3 pm)
Bollywood Dancing Class: with Sanskriti Arts – Garba (Sat. 7:30 pm)
Garba Dancing Class with Sanskriti Arts (Sun. 4 pm)
Light Display: Lunar Landing Experience
ROM's Travelling Planetarium: (Sat. 2, 3, 4, 5 pm & Sun. 12, 1, 2, 3, and 4 pm, cost: $5, at the Ismaili Centre, ages 5+)
Solar Viewing: With the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (Sat. 2–8 pm)
Planet and Star Viewing: With the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (Sat. 8–10 pm)
Saturday, July 20 | 2–11pm: iskwē | Absolutely Free ft. Gurpreet Chana | Barnes/Woldemichael Ethiopian Jazz Quartet | Grace Scheele | DATU
Sunday, July 21: | 2–6pm: Adria Kain | Amir Amiri, Amir Koushkani, Farzad AttarJaffari | Baobá
Talks and Film
PREMIERE VIDEO SCREENING – Juno-winning tenor Jeremy Dutcher's debut music video, shot on location at the Museum for the rack, Mehcinut (Sat. 4:30pm)
TALK: Giant Leaps: Music of the Moon with System Sounds (Sat. 1 pm)
KIDS' TALK: How to Get to the Moon with Faizan the Rocket Scientist (Sat. 3:30 pm, ages 14 and under, at the Ismaili Centre)
TALK: Back to the Moon with Faizan the Rocket Scientist (Sun. 3:30 pm, ages 16+, at the Ismaili Centre)
FILM: For All Mankind (Sat. 2 pm & Sun. 12 pm)
Inside the Aga Khan Museum
Exhibition: The Moon: A Voyage Through Time (Special price for July 20-21, $10.00)
Food Vendors: (Sat. 12–10 pm & Sun. 12–6 pm)
Artisan Market: (Sat. 12 –6 pm & Sun. 12–6 pm)
Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: Aga Khan Museum, Aga Khan Park, Science and Nature	Tags: Aga Khan Museum, Aga Khan Park, Ismaili Centre, July 20-21 2019, Moon Landing Festival
More than 2,000 Fans Pack Aga Khan Park and See Toronto Raptors win 105-92 in Game 4 against Warriors
AGA KHAN PARK WAS NORTH YORK'S JURASSIC PARK ON JUNE 7, 2019!
It is estimated that around 2,400 Raptors fans gathered at the Aga Khan Park in Toronto to watch the 4th Game of the NBA Finals against the Golden State Warriors. The live game was projected on the wall of the Aga Khan Museum on Friday, June 7, 2019. Raptors won 105-92 and can become the NBA Champions for the first time by winning the fifth game to be played on Monday June 10th at downtown Toronto's Scotiabank Arena. The lighted domed building in the background is the magnificent Ismaili Centre on 49 Wynford Drive. Photograph via Farah Rajan.
By MALIK MERCHANT
The Aga Khan Park became the new Jurassic Park on Friday, June 7, 2019 for the 4th game of the NBA Finals between the Toronto Raptors and Golden State Warriors. At the half-way stage, the two teams were almost on par and there was every possibility that the previous strong performances in the 3rd quarter by the Warriors would be repeated and overwhelm the Raptors. Instead, it was the Raptors who came out strong and dominated the quarter, leading them to win with a final score of 105-92, with the superb Kawhi Leonard contributing 36 points. The Raptors are now leading the best-of-seven 3-1, and can close the series on Monday June 10, 2019, at their home court, the Scotiabank Arena in Toronto.
Previous commitments took me to Ottawa and I watched the game with my daughter Nurin at a restaurant in Ottawa's Byward Market Area, enjoying macaroni & cheese, burger, salad & fries just before the game.
I was trying to find out what was going on at the Aga Khan Park, and I was excited to learn that the venue was jam-packed with hundreds of basketball enthusiasts. I learn that 2400 fans were at the game. The game was also shown at several Ismaili Jamatkhanas across the Greater Toronto Region, and also at the Ottawa Jamatkhana.
Spectators watching Game 4 of the NBA Finals between Toronto Raptors and Golden State Warriors on the front wall of the Aga Khan Museum. More than 2000 excited fans crowded the area in front of the Museum and around the Aga Khan Park to watch the game. The Raptors won the game 105-92 and took a 3-1 lead in the best-of-seven series. The series continues with game 5 on Monday June 10, 2019 at the Scotiabank Arena in downtown Toronto. Photos: Aga Khan Park/Aga Khan Museum.
Canada's excitement of the Raptors being in the finals for the first time in their franchise history has reached monumental proportions and mini outdoor "Jurassic Parks" have sprouted replicating the legendary park outside the Raptors Scotiabank Bank Arena.
One cannot imagine the kind of excitement that will be generated on Monday, June 10, 2019, should the Raptors wrap up the series and become the NBA Champions for the first time in their 24 year history. No NBA finals have ever been played North of the USA Border.
Date posted: June 9, 2019.
Last updated: June 10, 2019.
Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: Aga Khan Museum, Aga Khan Park	Tags: 2019, Aga Khan Park, Game 4, Golden State Warriors, June 7, NBA Finals, Toronto Raptors
Photos: Doors Open Attracts Thousands to Toronto's Aga Khan Museum and Ismaili Centre
PLEASE CLICK: Aga Khan Museum and Ismaili Centre Draw Thousands during Doors Open Event Held in Toronto on May 25-26, 2019
Please click on photo for report and photos.
Date posted: May 27, 2019.
Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: Aga Khan Museum, Aga Khan Park, Aga Khan Trust for Culture, Culture and Heritage, His Highness the Aga Khan, Jamatkhana, The Family of His Highness the Aga Khan	Tags: 2019 Doors Open Tooronto, Aga Khan Museum, Aga Khan Park
@Simergphotos: The Aga Khan Park and Its Inauguration – Exclusive Photos
Please click: The Beautiful Aga Khan Park with Exclusive Photos of the Inauguration Ceremony
Please click for exclusive photos of the opening of the Aga Khan Park. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant.
Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: Aga Khan Development Network, Aga Khan Museum, Aga Khan Trust for Culture, His Highness the Aga Khan IV, Islam, Ismaili Centres and Jamatkhanas, Simergphotos, World Events	Tags: Aga Khan Park, Inauguration, Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne, Simergphotos, Toronto
Exclusive Simerg Photo Essay: His Highness the Aga Khan and Premier Kathleen Wynne Inaugurate the Beautiful Aga Khan Park in Toronto
PATRON AND BUILDER
Please click on photo(s) for enlargement
Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, 49th hereditary Imam of Shia Ismaili Muslims directly descended from the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s.), is the builder of the Aga Khan Museum, the Ismaili Centre and the newly opened Aga Khan Park that connects the two buildings. Photo: AKDN/Anya Campbell. Copyright.
THE INAUGURATION CEREMONY
The recitation of the Canadian National Anthem at the opening of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Qur'an reciter Ahsan Afzaly, left, with his back-up colleague, Edrees Amiri, pictured at the Ismaili Centre prior to the opening ceremony of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant.
The audience listens to the Ismaili Muslim Choir performing at the far left corner prior to the arrival of Premier Kathleen Wynne and Mawlana Hazar Imam for the opening ceremony of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant
Mawlana Hazar Imam, Premier Kathleen Wynne and the reciter of the Holy Qur'an, Ahsan Afzally, look on as a translation of the Qur'anic verses in English and French is underway during the opening ceremony of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Premier Kathleen Wynne delivering her speech at the opening ceremony of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. This panoramic view shows the elegance of the event which was held inside a beautiful tent built for the occasion. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Mawlana Hazar Imam congratulates Premier Kathleen Wynne after the completion of her speech at the opening of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Mawlana Hazar Imam gathers his speech before rising to speak to the audience at the opening of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Mawlana Hazar Imam addressing the audience at the opening of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Mawlana Hazar Imam in an animated mood as he shares a joke related to the expulsion of his community from Uganda during the reign of Idi Amin. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Mwlana Hazar Imam receives a standing ovation as he is congratulated by Premier Kathleen Wynne after the completion of his speech at the opening of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Mawlana Hazar Imam graciously accepts the standing ovation he receives after completing his speech at the opening of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Premier Kathleen Wynne and Mawlana Hazar Imam unveil the plaque to officially open the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Premier Kathleen Wynne and Mawlana Hazar Imam shake hands after unveiling the plaque to open the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant.
Mawlana Hazar Imam and Premier Kathleen Wynne prepare to depart after unveiling the plaque to open the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
Mawlana Hazar Imam seen departing the exquisitely prepared tent structure that hosted the inauguration ceremony of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
The President of the Aga Khan Council for Australia, Azim Remtulla, was among those who attended the opening ceremony of the Aga Khan Park on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
The Aga Khan Museum became the venue for a special reception for guests who attended the opening of the Aga Khan Museum on May 25, 2015. Photo: Simerg/Malik Merchant. Copyright.
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Posted By: Malik Merchant, Editor	Category: Aga Khan Development Network, Aga Khan Museum, Islam, Ismaili Centres and Jamatkhanas, Ismaili History, World Events	Tags: 2015, Aga Khan Park, His Highness the Aga Khan, Inauguration, Islamic Buildings, Kathleen Wynne, May 25, Premier of Ontario, Simerg


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Module 4 - SSC 3 - Deadline (2013)
Module 4 - Organized Anarchy
This module introduces you to the basic features of decision making in organized anarchies, or what some call a "garbage can theory' of organizations. What do we mean that the decision process resembled an organized anarchy? Well, for example, some of them have a hard time coming up with their group's platform and identity. Also, some of the group's proposed solutions changed over the course of bargaining – some initially proposed universal vouchers only to promote targeted vouchers in the end. Almost all of the groups thought in terms of an identity and what that entailed. And they also thought about other's identities and interests when trying to manipulate the situation in their favor.
Module 4 - SSC 1- Managing Organized Anarchy (2013)11:25
Module 4 - SSC 2 - Brainstorming (2013)9:16
Module 4 - SSC 3 - Deadline (2013)7:30
The final screenside chat I want to do this week concerned a question that was raised by Bruno Carneiro, and he says, do deadlines improve decision making and productivity in organizations? What does each theory predict? And this actually was a great question because in many ways, to me, I noticed that you guys picked up on notions of timing and temporality in the readings, as well as with organized anarchy, that that's a key tenet. And you noticed the importance of that for a lot of our decision making and organization. The other thing that was neat about it was that what resulted was a real productive conversation about efficiency and deadlines, whether that actually generates quality products or efficiency in an organization. And you also did these neat comparisons of the different theories from the course in terms of deadlines. So I thought it was kind of a neat thread and productive for people to read. Just to come back to the notion of efficiency, a lot of you guys had different opinions on it. But it began with Irina really saying, look, obviously deadlines help because people would not do things. They would postpone indefinitely. And then Carlos said, yeah, that may be true. However, too tight a deadline and you end up doing a low-quality product. So that was kind of interesting. And then Christine had a nice insight to Feeney. And she wrote, I think the different theories would view deadlines in different ways. So here comes the comparison of different theories from the course, which I really enjoy seeing because it makes me realize that you're seeing them as different tools in your toolbox. You're becoming more like a carpenter as opposed to just a hammerer. And so [LAUGH] that's kind of always great to see. And she writes, I don't believe deadlines will be irrelevant with either rational actor model or the organizational process model, in which consequence appropriateness is known and the best decision is always chosen. The bureaucratic politics model, on the other hand, assumes unlimited time for participants to make exchanges. They continue to trade until no more mutually acceptable trades are possible, which to me seems incompatible with the idea of a deadline, would be negatively effected by imposing one. Finally, it sounds like the organized anarchy model is aided by deadlines as they create many of the characteristics of this view, such as a reliance on temporal simultaneity. So it was a neat insight. I don't know if other people on the forum always agreed with those kind of characterization. For the most part, they agree with the sentiment and began to analyze as well. And so someone like Matthew Hamill and Kathy Atkinson, I think you'll see that, on the one hand, Matthew says for a rational actor that if you do have a deadline, actually Kathy says you need a deadline or you never decide. And Matthew, rightly probably, identifies that once you have a deadline, you no longer optimize, and therefore, you go to kind of a satisficing solution. So satisficing is a form of a rational actor model that's more bound to be rational and reflective probably of more observed realities and decision making. On the other hand, the logic of appropriateness, Matthew wrote that a deadline is like a constraint and it forces a decision. If anything, it provokes one. And I think the logic of appropriateness is something that actually is consistent with the garbage can theory model or the organized anarchy model, which constantly argues that it doesn't really have to concern with consequences and a logic of consequence. That it's often one of a logic of appropriateness and sense making and meaning making and creation of symbolic value. And not only that, that choice arenas are kind of generated by these deadlines, such as with San Francisco desegregation plan. It was a court order with a deadline that commenced a series of these garbage can arenas of choice. And so that kind of forced a decision. And so I think that is consistent with a logic of appropriateness, so Matthew, thank you for that. Now I like to think, too, in terms of this course. You guys brought up in terms of paper writing and things like that. It is a dilemma for me in terms of deadlines for the course. Currently we do have deadlines, and those deadlines used to be weekly. Now we make them every three weeks, kind of in chunks because people needed flexible schedules. And we tried to have deadlines there so that you had a class experience where people were moving through the material in a similar way. So we had particular reasons for it. Now is it efficient though? Is it really optimizing your learning experience? I'm torn, to some extent, because I could see if I just had no deadlines and if you just finished the material in your own time, and you post asynchronously to all the forums in the like, we may have the same result and more people finishing these kinds of courses. We don't have to think of them in linear terms like typical courses. On the other hand, from a garbage can angle and a logic of appropriateness angle, I think you could argue that deadlines provides some symbolic value. They establish a culture that these kinds of activities matter. And I think there is something to that, as to why maybe we retained deadlines, that we did want there to be an importance and some kind of shared experience for people. So it wasn't so much efficiency's sake that we thought it would make for better products. But it was more about generating kind of a symbolic value of paper writing, and with the material that everybody kind of experiences it at the same time and has this kind of dialogue. So I think it's a slightly different view and perhaps more consistent with the garbage can. And you guys' comments kind of made me think about that, that maybe it was less rational actor on our part and how we have kind of used grading and the timing of these assignments. That's kind of shifted a little bit according to the conditions and the contexts and the feedback we get from students, while also trying to kind of orchestrate this garbage can of the course. So that there is some kind of shared experience and shared meaning and shared symbolic value from the activities we do, even if they aren't necessarily always the most efficient in terms of producing perfect knowledge and skills in all of you. Obviously we're trying to do all of that, but it seems like some of these other values or concerns take priority at times. So anyhow, that's what I have for this week and please keep the questions coming. Great forum discussions, and as always, I'll look for you on the forums, and please communicate with me and the CTAs and the TAs, okay? Thank you.