Do you allow your children to play with guns? Do you think if we allowed kids to do more gun play they would get tired of it and move on to other things? Do you think that if we allowed kids to do more guy play they would understand guns better? In the world of child care, gun play isn't normally allowed, at least here in the U.S. But children pretend play with guns; make guns out of LEGOs. How is a parent supposed to stop them? What if there was a better way?
I had an interesting discussion about this with Melinda Walden, who does many workshops on risky play and gun play based on projects she has done. Melinda is a teacher at Red River College in Winnipeg, Canada, and has worked as an ECE teacher. Her gun play experience involved kids 5 to 6 years old.
Q. Can you tell us about your gun play experiment?
"I live in Canada, so we have very different gun regulations and that's how I framed my project. The kids had to sign up for a firearm license and had to take a safety course, which was a paramedic and police officer to come in to talk to them, and their parents were welcome to stay."
Q. How did you start this project?
"Once I got everyone on board with the project, I had the children sign up for firearm licenses. I told them they had to sign up with their real name because in Canada they do background checks, so they had to give accurate information. One child signed up as Batman and even after explaining that he will not get a license if he lies on his application, he still signed up as Batman. He didn't get a license when everyone else did because he had to re-register.
"One girl asked if she had to. I said, 'No, it is your choice.' And she said she did not like guns and would never play it. I even suggested she could sign up for one and never use it, in case she changes her mind and she still said no – because she did not believe in guns. And she stood up for her right not to use a gun and told the other children why every time they asked her to play."
Q. Did Batman ever get to do gun play?
"He did after he re-registered. During the waiting period we had a police officer and paramedic come in to talk about guns. What to do if they saw a real gun. How they are to be stored. Here [in Canada] they have to be locked up. The police officer talked about how she had never actually shot anyone, and that she hopes she would never have to. It is only used as a last resort.
"The paramedic talked about bullet wounds and the impact of being shot. Parents and children asked questions for an hour and even little Batman, who can't sit for five minutes for a circle time, sat and talked for an hour. The rules were: they had to have their license on them if they were playing. They could not bring in any toy guns – they had to make them out of LEGOs or craft material, which was interesting. They knew lots about guns and the different kinds. I found this out while they would explain as they made them."
Q. Can they play however they want with their gun?
"Yes. They could play anything they wanted. I saw hunting play, military play. Little Batman once put his gun over his shoulder and walked back and forth by a group of girls playing with a doll house. I asked him what he was doing, and he said protecting them.
"One time I walked into the room at the beginning of my shift and Batman ran up to me and pretend shot me in the head with his hand. He saw my face and he quickly begged, 'Do you want to play with me? Sorry. Do you want to play with me?' I told him how I felt. I said when you did that my heart dropped and I felt really sad and scared. Because you did not ask me. He quickly gave me a hug and said, 'Sorry, can you please play with me?' I told him that I came in that day ready to play but if he did it again I would take away his license and not play with him anymore. And he asked me every time after that.
"Every time something like that happened we got them to feel empathetic towards each other and talk about how they felt. I did not tell them what they could play or not play. Most of the play was adventure-like play."
Q. Would they shoot each other?
"Yes, if they both agreed to the play. We would stop it only if it got aggressive, and by aggressive, I mean as soon as one person was no longer having fun, then it was no longer play. I had quite a few children whose parents were in the military, and one who was a police officer. So I did not tell them that it was wrong to shoot others because that is what their parents did for a living."
Q. Would the kids feel bad shooting each other?
"I just let them play and really got them to understand how others felt when the play went wrong. Which is really what we do in all other types of dramatic play. Did [someone] feel bad? It wasn't about making people feel bad or guilty for what they were playing or figuring out. When one child's parents went to Afghanistan for six months I let him play it out if he wanted – as long as he was respectful to others. The thing is it is not the gun play that makes them aggressive or violent, [it's] lack of skills."
Q. Lack of skills? What do you mean?
"They need to learn about feelings and empathy. How to be respectful, self-control. How to care for each other! How to understand others' social cues. Everything you learn during play with others. When they learn these skills they just play and know how to figure out how to get along with others even when they disagree."
Q. What would you say to people who think gun play would teach kids guns are toys?
"Kids are smart. They know what guns can do if you talk to them about them. Most kids know it is not OK to shoot others. In their play they are pretending. In order to understand why it happens in the world around them and why others do it if is wrong.
"The thing is, we are looking at gun play from an adult perspective not from a kid's perspective. A child is just figuring out the world and the things in it through play because that is how they learn, and guns are a part of our world, so how else are they going to learn about it?"
Q. But my kids are scared to go to school because of a madman with a gun. Won't gun play just make worse?
"Adults can discuss things that bother them with a friend or a loved one to figure out how to solve a problem. Young children will play as a means to do that. Sometimes they don't have the words, but they can figure it out in their play. My question to you is: are your children playing guns? If they are then that is how they are going to figure it out. If they are not, then you don't have to worry about it. My project only started because they showed me they were interested in guns. If they weren't playing it, then I would not have this story."
Q. What about here in U.S., where gun laws are different? Do you think this gun play project would be safe to do?
"Yes, if caregivers make it a safe place to play and learn about guns and gun safety. It just might look a little different than the project I did because we have different regulations. It is weird to me that you can live in a place where anyone can have a real gun and are fighting for the second amendment, yet children cannot have pretend gun play. That is how they will understand about the real ones that are all around them."
Read Melinda's blog and share your thoughts and opinions below!
Wow, this is a great interview. Thank you for getting all this great info, Mike Prochaska . So much food for thought. I remember when my son wanted to play with a toy gun. It made me uncomfortable. I never bought any, but his dad did buy water guns, Super Soakers, etc. I guess that was the exception - for outdoor water play. I don't think they should have toy guns in schools, etc. Thank you for raising this important issue!
I really love how well this experiment was thought out. It was not knee jerk reaction, and it gives good insight. Our kids get so blase about pretend violence that they lose sensitivity to the effects. Good food for thought.
Here's a conversation with the wonderful Nancy Carlsson-Paige, and others, on this topic: www.bamradionetwork.com/educat.... Well worth the 10 minutes to listen to it!
Thank you for sharing, Rae Pica ! Great to see you here. I hope you'll share some of your own insights with us as tips on 30Seconds.com!
Thanks, Elisa! I'm certainly open to the possibility! Feel free to reach out to me at rae@raepica.com if you'd like!
Guns are not something my son has done yet or come accross. But he has sometimes got his wand and exlaimed pew pew and says his shooting snow or something.
My cousin used to pretty much only play with toy guns when he was small, but now im a mum I find it an odd thing to play with and won't be encouraging it with "real" looking guns. This is something me and my dad disagree on though.
My dad thinks he should have toy Guns, tanks and army men.
But as hes not quite 3 yet I think its too young.
Very interesting article and I'll bear it in mind for if/when it comes up.
Someone in a group sent me this.
I haven't read this, but it was posted by a Montessori teacher on Instagram and I am adding it to my list.
I know from my work in Godly Play (Montessori approach to religious education) that children offer work through existential limits (fear, death, alienation, loneliness) through play.
We don't do guns in our house at all (partly because I grew up in gun culture and the US in general has a major gun problem), but violent play may just be working it out? Not sure what the limits to that are, or if we are playing with fire on it. Anyway, maybe the book will be helpful.
I like her perspective. Not educating children about things, how to handle situations, etc., leads to inappropriate behaviors that they don't even realize are inappropriate because they've never been taught. Kids learn best through play and experience. When that play/experience is directed in a productive and healthy way, very important life lessons can be learned.
We are a gun family. Our kids shoot their first .22 at about 4 years old, from a bench with close supervision. Gun safety is taught and re-taught every time the guns come out, even with the teenagers. With knowledge comes empowerment. We've never dealt with unsafe curiosity because it is resolved very early on through education.
They r spot on with DAP on this.
At school "no". At home "yes". As a preschool teacher we have a hard enough problem dealing with kids getting along and being repectful to one another just being together so many hours. If we eliminate this discussion it puts kids thinking mode. What can they do if they cannot have guns. Usually what they come up with something fun that stays within the rules. If not I have another discussion with them. I usually tell them everyone is not okay with you putting a gun in their space. Then I ask them if they like it when people do that to them. I have really never had a little say "yes, I like it". But problem solving these situation is super important and it is really about a family discussion. We know who the kids are that play at home, we often have to have a daily conversation about "no" in school. Why do I think it okay at home? Because where do we get our heros....they also have to problem solve the yes side of things and the best teacher is the parent! What if the parent is very Pro-gun and socially people think the parents should not be problem solving. Well, hopefully we are talking at school about why not so problem solving is always going on whether at home or at school. One says Yes and one says No....discussion and problem solving from both directions. If teachers are hearing this and it will not stop then you talk to the parents. I have had these discussions and explain I respect both sides but it's a "no" at school because that is a message for now and later and will never change with children!
I love the idea of educating children about guns and gun safety early. This may prevent the accidental deaths of children that find guns, when parents aren't responsible enough to lock them up. Sad that this is even a topic of debate, but it's now a reality of the world we live in.
So you let them play with water guns? Did you let them play with sticks as gun, swords, ect? DaisyGirl Wayne my son never asked for guns other the nerf guns and water guns. He played with both for two days and then was done with it. But before he asked for every day.
My children play with water guns, nerf guns, Lego guns.. I think it's how I parent them to view guns that counts, we speak about the difference between pretend and real all the time . I think educating children on guns is a good idea because education can help prevention of misuse.
What a great interview, I really like how well this experiment was thought out keeping in mind all the perspectives. I think educating children on guns is a good idea.
Yes the world sure is changing! Thanks for sharing your views!
Not speaking for all of my colleagues at Tales from the Classroom, but research is a bit mixed. Many studies do not correlate gun play with future aggressive behavior but some do (mixed with other factors). Melinda's experiment was interesting in that she is teaching kids empathy, safety, and the dangers of guns. It would appear to me (@bconradcapital) that our gun violence problem in America is tied to a lack of empathy and/or a mental health crisis, among other issues. I wouldn't advocate for gun education in schools, as that is highly personal/political, but one could see a scenario where permission forms could go home for such an occasion or possibly offering courses after school (w/parent permission).
Halloween Hacks: 3 Ways to Get Face Paint Off Your Kids (Without Makeup Remover)!


The aftermath of Nepal's devastating April 2015 earthquake is easing, and there's no better time to visit than now. Sure, some of the country's most famed stupas and monuments will take years, or even decades, to be repaired, but the country's picturesque natural beauty, infectious culture, and welcoming people will always remain. It has now been deemed safe to head back to the earthquake-ravaged country, and it's likely that a visit to the Roof of the World will change your life. The following five reasons to visit Nepal prove that the country leaves a lasting impression on all who visit.
The giant stupas, located throughout Kathmandu and the entire country, serve as reminders of Buddha's path to enlightenment, and you'll see locals practicing Buddhist rituals there at all times of day. You'll quickly discover that the 50 square-kilometre city of Kathmandu offers more culture than most cities 10 times its size.
The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that shook central Nepal on April 25, 2015, didn't ruin the spirit of its people. Everywhere you go, you'll be visited with a smile and a "namaste." You'll find that the Nepalese people are eager to show you their favorite cultural sites and scenery. You'll notice that the younger generation and many of the people living in larger cities and near tourist destinations speak English very well.
The recent earthquake affected Nepal in more ways than one. More than 9,000 lives were lost and hundreds of thousands of people's homes were destroyed. Visit Nepal now, and you'll notice the residents are extremely grateful for your tourist dollars. You'll quickly discover that many of the people from which you're buying souvenirs and food were affected in one way or another by the earthquake. Your money may even help them rebuild their home, restaurant or shop.
If there's one part of Nepal that will remain with you for the rest of your life, it's the postcard-worthy scenery you'll see. Nepal is known as the home of Mount Everest, but whether you're sightseeing on a hike or by plane, the images of the towering, snow-covered peaks of the Himalayas will forever be etched in your mind.
You probably won't venture to the top of the highest mountain in the world, but you'll be blown away by Nepal's scenery whether you're snapping photos of the Gokyo Lakes of Sagarmatha National Park, exploring Bhaktapur, hiking in the Annapurna Mountain Range or boating along the Narayani River. The best advice when visiting Nepal is to come equipped with a quality camera.
Nepal is known more for its mountains than its cuisine, but you'll find yourself wanting to stop in every restaurant and momo shop you see. Momos, or Nepalese dumplings, can be purchased on just about every corner and are something that should be tried numerous times on your visit. They can be filled with a variety of vegetables or meats to suit a wide variety of pallets. Curries, homemade flatbreads, fresh fruits, spicy chutneys, dal and fine Nepali teas are just a small portion of the country's numerous cuisines, which vary with each geographic and cultural region.
NEPAL TOPS LIST OF DESTINATIONS TO VISIT IN 16.
Saying that money spent by tourist in Nepal can help Nepal revive faster, Rough Guides, a UK-based publisher of travel and reference information, has listed Nepal as the best place to visit in 2016. The publication has mentioned that thoughtfully spent tourist dollars will go a long way in Nepal; choosing independent home stays and grass roots tour companies ensures money ends up in local pockets. "With varied landscapes – from the Himalayas to jungles inhabited by tigers, elephants and rhinos – Nepal should be your first choice for travel in 2016," recommends the publication recommends.
Colombia, Cuba, Jordan, Albania, Romania, El Salvador, Wales, Kenya and Sri Lanka follows Nepal in the list of top ten countries to visit in 2016. The Philippines, Myanmar, India, Iceland, Greece, Vietnam, The USA, Peru and Thailand follow the list of People's choice for 2016.


text: Q: Do blue items respawn? I've noticed that blue shining item pickups are all over the world, but some are better than others, e.g. Potion versus, say, a Phoenix Down. If I wait a while and go back, will these items respawn or are they one-time pickups only? Since Oracle Ascension Coins are blue shiny pickups and are one-time collectible items, this leads me to believe that blue shiny pickups do not respawn.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


David Archuleta wants to give back to those in need with a benefit concert.
After more than a year since his sold-out show in Manila, American Idol alum David Archuleta is coming back to the Philippines for a benefit concert.
Joining Archuleta in the benefit show—which aims to raise funds for the Mabuhay Deseret Foundation—are former X Factor UK contestants three-piece boy group JBK, Tawag Ng Tanghalan contestant Anton Antenorcruz, and Mikee Misalucha.
"We are so excited to announce @DavidArchie will be performing on November 16th at the Kia Theater for our 30th Anniversary! Come #MakeSomethingSweet with us," Mabuhay Deseret wrote in a tweet.
Archuleta also expressed how thrilled he is for the upcoming show with a video announcement on Twitter.
"Maligayang Pasko, Philippines! Join me and my friends Anton Antenorcruz, Mikee Misalucha and JBK for a Christmas concert at Kia Theater on 11/16! The show will raise money to benefit the Mabuhay Deseret Foundation which helps those in need," he wrote on Twitter.
Ticket prices are as follows: P5,300 SVIP, P4,770 VIP, P4,134 Orchestra A, P3,710 Orchestra B, P3,074 Loge, P2,014 Balcony.
David Archuleta and Friends holiday benefit concert is happening on November 16, 2018 at the Kia Theater.
The 27-year-old American singer is known for his hits "Crush," "A Little Too Not Over You," "Something 'Bout Love," among others.
Back in 2012, David Archuleta released the album Forevermore which eventually received a Gold Record Award.


AUSTIN, Texas – A new report issued by the Women's Fund at Austin Community Foundation, Child Care – An Essential Work Support for Women, reveals a lack of quality child care options in Central Texas negatively impacts the economic security of local women and children.
According to the analysis, developed in collaboration with CHILDREN AT RISK, women with young children are far less likely to participate in the workforce than their male counterparts. Many mothers who need or want to work do not because they cannot find adequate care or because the cost of child care can parallel, or even exceed, potential wages.
Furthermore, access to affordable, quality child care is a critical two-generation approach. Aside from boosting families' economic stability, access to quality child care impacts the children served. High-quality learning settings for children ages 0 to 3 have shown to support healthier cognitive development, improved academic skills, and a lower risk of behavioral challenges.
14,500 children under age 6 do not have access to affordable child care in Central Texas.
For a low-income family of four earning $50,200/year, child care for an infant and toddler can cost 36 percent of their total income.
A mother who leaves the workforce may lose as much as four times her annual earning for each year she is not working, when accounting for income, potential wage growth and retirement savings.
Only 11 percent of child care providers in Central Texas hold the state's quality accreditations.
About half of child care providers in Central Texas participate in the Texas Workforce Commission's child care financial assistance program.
The findings from this report reinforce the need to invest in access to quality child care, and offer recommendations for policy-makers, nonprofits and philanthropists to address this critical issue in Central Texas.
The Women's Fund, established in 2004 to focus on the needs of local women and children, is a key strategy in Austin Community Foundation's effort to close the opportunity gap in Central Texas.
Read the report and learn more about the Women's Fund at austincf.org/womensfund.


The wine is made by arresting the fermentation process before all of the natural sugars of the Muscat grapes have been consumed. This is done by adding a small amount of neutral spirits, much in the same way a vintage port is made. The Domaine de Beaumalric has built a fabulous following and reputation in the U.S. and throughout the world.


Drug addiction only affects a very small portion of the population, and there are reasons why it only affects some people. There are different risk factors associated with addiction, but many people don't know about them. When more individuals become aware of the different risk factors, it'll be easier to stop addiction before it starts. Aside from awareness and prevention, understanding the risk factors can help people accept their addiction.
A major part of the treatment process is educating people about what causes addiction. When people who develop addictions can look back and acknowledge what led them to drugs, it helps them heal. The first step in getting sober is surrendering to the fact that you suffer from this illness. Once you understand this, then and only then is it possible to begin on the road to recovery.
The late development of this part of the brain is largely why the legal drinking age in the United States is 21. Young people who begin experimenting with drugs at a young age hinder the development of their prefrontal cortex. The brain also begins to associate drugs with the person's primary source of dopamine, which is a pleasure chemical in the body. The problem can be much worse when a person has a mental illness.
Two of the leading causes of addiction are when a person has an undiagnosed mental illness or an untreated mental illness. Symptoms of mental illness can develop at any age, but they are more prone to happen during teenage years. Mental disorders like PTSD can also occur at any point in life. The problem is that many people don't know how to deal with mental illness.
Unfortunately, there isn't much education about mental illnesses, so individuals may feel scared, confused and isolated. When the symptoms arise, the person often feels different and alone in the world. They can't understand how others seem to deal with life so effortlessly. When a person with a mental illness finds comfort in drugs, the brain begins to develop a dependency. This is where dual diagnosis treatment is necessary.
Another risk factor for drug addiction is a person's genetic predisposition to the disease. In recent years, scientists discovered a gene that they've linked with addiction. If a person has family members who have had substance abuse issues, the person's chances are much higher. This gene may not affect everyone in the family.
There are some people who develop addictions the first time they try a drug or take a narcotic medication. Additionally, there's is also a possibility that the gene is inactive until the person goes through some type of traumatic event. There may be siblings who come from the same bloodline, but only one of the children developed a problem with drugs. No matter what the case is, recovery is possible.
If you or someone you love is struggling with an addiction, San Antonio Recovery Center can help. As one of the top drug rehab centers in Texas, we have addiction rehab programs that help heal the mind, body, and soul. We believe in 12-step programs and encourage a strong aftercare plan for discharge. Our facility accepts many different major insurance policies, and we're affordable for private pay clients. Call us today at 866-957-7865 for more information.


Traditional oval hatch on sea kayaks designed before 2011. External measuments 47x28.5cm. Rim not included. Constructed from rubber for the most demanding expedition use.
The KS cover replaces the traditional foam cover pictured below.


The department of health promotion and human performance at Weber State University is seeking participants for several different research studies in the athletic training programs. According to its website, some of the research studies will offer incentives.
From 2 a.m. to 10 a.m. on Oct. 13, WSU will conduct a scheduled disaster recovery test. During this time, Chitester will be unavailable to ensure a proper recovery test. Students are encouraged to prepare ahead of time to submit their tests.
The WSU Student Association's leadership team will host the Project Lead 2013 conference, "Leaders of Tomorrow," on Oct. 17 and 18. The conference is designed to help students grasp what it means to be a leader, and will feature keynote speakers as well as workshops to help participants become better leaders. The cost is $30 per participant; registration ends today.
Free flu shots are available to all students at the Ogden and Davis campus student health centers. The Ogden Student Health Center is located in the Student Services Building, Room 190. Hours are 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. (9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Wednesdays). Davis campus hours vary. Students must be willing to provide their W numbers in order to receive flu shots.
The WSU Respiratory Therapists and the American Respiratory Care Foundation will sponsor the Ventilator 5K on Saturday to raise money for local lung health issues. Based on the success of the event, the WSU Respiratory Therapists have been declared the ARCF national event winners four times in six years, and are hoping to win again.


text:
Are Coal Trains Degrading the Air We Breathe? The Answer is Yes.
During the past week, a paper describing the air quality effects of coal trains lumbering through the Pacific Northwest was accepted for publication and finally I can tell you about it.
This work was completed by Professor Dan Jaffe of the University of Washington in Bothell and several UW students, and relates the results of an extended observational study above the tracks in north Seattle and in the Columbia Gorge.
Let me begin by thanking many of you for helping to make this research possible. Dr. Jaffe and I had talked about determining what was coming off the coal trains, using modern instrumentation, for a while and we even did a test run on the bridge at Richmond Beach park (I really enjoyed the excitement of waiting for coal trains and then watching the particle monitors as the train passed underneath). But the project required more equipment and student help to do it right, which meant a need for funding.
This research was a too controversial for State agencies and I suggested to Dr. Jaffe that he try a new funding source: crowdfunding over the web. Roughly a year ago I asked you to assist with the funding, and a number of you stepped up to the challenge and played a major role in funding this important research. Thank you.
Let me summarize what this research found in Seattle...and so you don't die of suspense...the answer is yes. Coal trains clearly degrade air quality.
The air quality sensors were placed near the train tracks in the Blue Ridge neighborhood on the patio of a volunteer homeowner. The location was kept secret for a number of reasons, including fears that some folks might view the sensors as a threat and destroy them.
Dr. Jaffe's students placed a number of air quality sensors at that location, allowing the measurement of particle sizes and CO2 levels, as well as an automated videocam that facilitated the determination of the type of train. There were two main types of potential pollutants from the train: small particles from the diesel exhaust and coal dust.
Let me show you what happened when a coal train went by during the morning of August 13, 2013. First, there is spike in the amount of CO2 produced by the train's diesel engines. The plot also shows TSP, the total amount of particulate matter in a cubic meter of air, and PM1, which is the mass of particles in a sample smaller than 1 micron (millionth of a meter). TSP includes the mass of particles of all sizes and the difference between TSP and PM1 is a measure of the amount of large particles--like coal dust.
Note this is a minor peak in TSP with the engine, but a minute or two later there was a HUGE sustained peak that was probably due to coal dust. PM1 also went up with the engine and in its wake, and the difference between TSP and PM1 jumped big time--a clear indicator of large particles (i.e., coal dust). Keep in mind, these long coal trains can take several minutes to pass a point.
The example above is not unique and one quickly draws the conclusion that folks near coal train tracks are exposed to noxious diesel exhaust AND coal dust. To get an idea of how serious this issue is, here is a comparison of daily average PM2.5 levels (a measure of the concentration of particles less than 2.5 microns) over entire month last summer at Blue Ridge (near the train tracks), in the Duwamish industrial zone, Beacon Hill in Seattle, and suburban Lynnwood. Keep in mind the PM2.5 particles are nasty little creatures than can get deep in your lungs, worsening asthma and heart disease.
Wow!. That beautiful view home in Blue Ridge, with an expensive view of the Sound, has air as bad as the industrial Duwamish. Most of the Blue Ridge pollution was from diesel engines from coal and non-coal trains. Beacon Hill is better and Lynnwood is like breath of fresh air.
Dr.Jaffe is planning another field experiment in Seattle and the Columbia Gorge (where winds and "fresher" coal would cause the coal dust concentrations to be more serious).
Coal trains are bad news from so many viewpoints:
1. The diesel effluent greatly degrades the air quality in neighborhoods around the tracks.
2. There is clearly coal dust coming off the trains, even when it is not visually apparent (like north Seattle).
3. The trains cause substantial increases in traffic jams, worsening pollution from cars, and impacting public safety and the local economy.
4. The planned coal on these trains would substantially contribute to CO2 increases in the atmosphere that will change the climate of our planet.
5. A significant portion of the pollution from the burning of coal in Asia will make its way back to the Northwest, further degrading our air quality.
What's not to like?
Coal trains are environmental and economic disasters that are not worth the handful of train and terminal jobs they would produce. Wherever you are on the political spectrum, you should be against these trains.
Addendum: A lot of folks ask why the coal trains are not covered. When I asked this question, I was told it was because of fear of explosion of the coal dust, but perhaps one of you knows the story better.
Cliff Mass Weather Blog at 8:57 PM
Ace March 3, 2014 at 9:54 PM
Putting aside all other considerations, it amazes me that coal cars can't have retractable covers.
Coal cars, like those that carry other bulk materials like sulphur, are rotated in situ in dumpers that use water sprays to keep down the dust. Why can't a retractable cover be engineered that retracts to the side as the car dumps?
JewelyaZ March 3, 2014 at 11:43 PM
Never mind the chemical that they wash the coal with that poisons the groundwater... have one look at West Virginia!
I love trains but NOT coal trains. This is really valuable research and I hope it ends that particular discussion.
The Ballard Dude March 4, 2014 at 12:43 AM
And, astonishingly, they fill they about the top of the car sides, so the coal is swept off in the wind. I see these coal trains rumbling through Golden Gardens every day now. Why do these corporations have the right to degrade our air quality and health?
Dogstar March 4, 2014 at 7:32 AM
You are comparing roughly 4-minute highs to a 24-hr average? Do you have a 24-hr average of the site where the coal train passed?
Seems like for an apples to apples comparison we'd need equal averaging times. Also comparison of days when no coal trains but other non-coal trains passed.
Figure 6 shows that the effect is quite transient, lasting only 3 minutes. Coal trains alone surely can't explain the daily average air quality. Nevertheless, is anyone surprised that air quality is degraded 25 m from a double track railroad? As for that "beautiful view home ... with an expensive view" (which was no doubt built after the railroad), I'm sure this paper will serve to lower its value!
So what can we do? Who can we start petitioning to get these trains stopped or at least made safer?
Judy Hopkinson March 4, 2014 at 9:07 AM
Can you tell us when this will come out in the on-line journal? It is not in Volume 5 issue 1....
Malderi March 4, 2014 at 9:29 AM
What are the OSHA exposure limits for these? The peaks look high, but last about 2 minutes before coming right back to normal. Looks bad - and probably is - but you need to provide a bit more context for this. In what other ways does elevated TPM exposure happen, and for how long? What are the relevant legal limits?
Tim March 4, 2014 at 10:18 AM
Coal much worse bad when it is burned, look at the pollution in China with air pollution as 10x World Health Organization standards. A large portion of the pollution is due to coal. Then there is the global warming and the ocean acidification now killing the scallops off our coast.
Bob in the Pacific Northwest Wilderness March 4, 2014 at 10:57 AM
You do not need to go as far as China. The external or social costs of burning thermal coal to generate electricity are much more than the retail value of the electricity. Where is the Environmental Justice? People downwind of the coal fired generating plants pay a very significant cost for the low cost convenience of others. Is this the american way?
Just AboveNOAA March 4, 2014 at 11:06 AM
That's some amazing good work you-all are doing! Providing some non-ignorable solid data which the Corps-of-Engineers will have to ...ignore.
I'm sorry, but some of these conclusions are pretty shoddy. For example:
"1. The diesel effluent greatly degrades the air quality in neighborhoods around the tracks.
3. The trains cause substantial increases in traffic jams, worsening pollution from cars, and impacting public safety and the local economy."
The same is true of ANY large train, coal or not. Do we ban *all* trains just because cars get stuck waiting for them and because the train engines produce exhaust? I think not.
The following conclusions also are almost certainly wrong:
"4. The planned coal on these trains would substantially contribute to CO2 increases in the atmosphere that will change the climate of our planet.
5. A significant portion of the pollution from the burning of coal in Asia will make its way back to the Northwest, further degrading our air quality."
This presumes that the Chinese, who are buying and burning most of this coal, will not be able to get the same amount of coal elsewhere if we did not ship coal to them. This is almost certainly wrong. There are plenty of other coal mines in Australia, Russia, Indonesia and elsewhere who will be more than happy to sell the Chinese their coal if we do not. Ceasing to ship our coal to them will make no difference in the amount of coal they burn; the only difference it will make is change where the Chinese get their coal from, and thus the same amount of pollutants will blow over to the NW.
Shoddy, shoddy conclusions!
Hans March 4, 2014 at 12:33 PM
BNSF says they lose about 500lbs of dust and loose coal /per car/. These are roughly 100 ton cars so that's about 1/400th of the load. The majority of this is lost near where the car is loaded, before the load has had a chance to settle. Other sources say it's as little as 225 lbs or as much as a ton per car. It probably depends a lot on the weather.
Some loaders are covering the coal with a "surfactant" (it's non-toxic: chemically similar to the paste schoolkids use), which experiments indicate cut the dust loss about 80%. Several railroads are experimenting with covers, which will probably work as well or better. Since most of these operations load/unload 500 cars a day, it has to be pretty non-intrusive to operate.
I'm skeptical of whether the larger question can be resolved by attacking the small problems around the edges. should we be helping other countries emit gigantic amounts of fossil CO2 into the atmosphere for the benefit of a few wealthy businesses, and negligible or negative benefit to the average American?
Colleen March 4, 2014 at 3:02 PM
Much as I share your sentiments, Cliff (and adamantly oppose the proposed terminal here in Whatcom County), I have to agree that your conclusions here beg obvious questions and are applicable whether or not coal is part of the equation. Were stats compiled, by way of comparison, when trains passed that didn't carry coal?
Rod March 4, 2014 at 5:51 PM
Disappointed, Cliff. I think you are drawing conclusions based on VERY MINIMAL studies, here.
David B. March 4, 2014 at 8:02 PM
I would say that the reason coal cars are not covered is probably very simple: 1) it costs less money that way, and 2) it doesn't hurt coal to get rained on.
Ann March 4, 2014 at 8:38 PM
Which came first, the beautiful house with the stunning view or the railroad? Can I build a fancy housemate then ask for the railroad to go away?
I want to speed the transition away from fossil fuel, but do the owners of fancy houses along the tracks care about the fossil fuels or are they just lining up with the anti coal forces to fight the increased rail traffic along their waterfront property?
And I'm not that impressed with the study. I'd look for other reasons to object to burning coal.
plaws March 5, 2014 at 7:16 AM
Don't like coal? Stop using electricity! It's a simple equation.
As it turns out, the coal dust, particularly at the mine end (mostly the Powder River Basin in Wyo), makes the RR's lives miserable, too.
It fouls the ballast meaning that instead of nice, clean, rock ballast that allows water to drain from the track structure properly it gets muddy from the coal (and other) dust. Then it develops what you might think of as potholes that cause the track to start to move around.
The railways (who don't own the cars coal is shipped in in most cases) want the shippers to do something about the dust (spraying a coating seems to be solution most often heard) and the shippers will have none of it.
Stephan Michaels' Rant March 5, 2014 at 8:26 AM
So, doc, you accept findings that coal cars pollute the air we breathe, but dispute that C02 emission settle in the ocean causing it to become more acidic and kill shellfish? Like the 10m worth of scallops last week on Vancouver Island. Cor, really.
Leif March 5, 2014 at 10:50 AM
I would assume that the closer to the coal's point of origin you are the worse the particle pollution will be.
humbert humbert March 5, 2014 at 11:13 AM
the coal dust furor misses the point. the problem is with increased CO2 from burning all the coal...as well as mercury etc released into the atmosphere.
focusing on the coal dust will allow (1) others to dismiss the concerns by calling it nimbyism (2) the issue to be ignored once train companies find a way to reduce coal dust.
and i am not even convinced yet by the evidence collected by Dr Jaffe -- at least that presented here. as others have pointed out, there is no info on what sort of pollutant levels are measured during passage of non-coal trains. also, how do these levels depend on train velocity and/or weight?
i live a block from the train tracks in seattle and i watch lots of trains go by. i can think of many instances where i saw dust get kicked up from the ground by passing trains. i can think of the times i got caught in a plume of diesel exhaust. i can not think of a time i saw coal dust blowing off a coal car, except in extreme winds (actually, that was in the Gorge, not in seattle)...
that people living near the tracks are exposed to diesel exhaust, and that this is bad, is not a novel finding and not worthy of publication...Jaffe should not rely too heavily on this being a 'key finding'...his study needs to be honest regarding the 'coal dust.'
then lets move on and focus on the actual combustion of those train loads of coal, the real problem...
Cliff, this study is VERY narrow. No data from other trains passing? The conclusions are biased as the study is biased as the studiers are biased. That's NOT good science. If it was, sensors would be placed next to interstate highways, major roads and alongside the runways at SEA/TAC airport. Yes, you folks complaining about coal dust in your town, (dust of which actually blew out in Wyoming if not held by surfactant) and emissions, may find you are the ones actually polluting the planet, by driving your cars and riding buses and traveling by air. Don't forget to stop buying the Chinese products riding in those containers on many of the other trains. I suspect those other sensors that should have been placed would find high levels of emissions and.... wait for it.... dust. From dirt. Kicked up by wheels and wind. Trains have wheels and make wind too.
Estoy_Listo March 5, 2014 at 2:25 PM
Good thing your a scientist, otherwise someone my question your impariality.
Candy March 5, 2014 at 4:18 PM
Well, I do not have a firm opinion yet based on this data. For some reason I keep thinking about the dust storms in Phoenix (and those that occur elsewhere) wondering how that compares. Then there are those Santa Ana winds in LA I had to live with. Not to mention the smog. It is a wonder how any of us survive. There must be body mechanisms to combat all of this. I think we would need medical data from residents to also parallel this data before I would worry.
Dan March 5, 2014 at 6:36 PM
After reading through the study one thing kept occurring to me, exemplified by this quote "Though we did not collect PM samples for chemical
analysis, it seems highly likely that the relative contribution of
larger particles due to the total PM mass consist of aerosolized coal dust from the uncovered coal trains."
Why did they not analyze the particles and take care of this giant hole in the study? Not that I necessarily disagree with the statement, but such an oversight is just plain sad, for lack of a better word.
Hey Cliff, I'm trying to understand Figure 6... it appears this train began to pass the monitoring site at 9:56. If I look at the time-course of the measured parameters, it looks like the train had passed (or at least the measurements) returned to baseline at 9:59. Does this make sense? Was it only a 3 minute train (I live near the tracks in the same area and they seem to last much longer than 3 minutes).
What does this "trace" look like for a non-coal train. Does this trace depend on the number of locomotives? I see trains with 1, 2, 3 or 4 diesel engines. It would be great to see some sort of control to assess how much of this trace is from the engines vs the cargo.
Alas, I don't have access to the original article so I can't answer these questions myself.
Thanks in advance... A fellow scientist.
Please measure the emissions every time you fire up your car. On to the airport. Please measure the emissions from the aircraft as it takes off...on the way to a conference...of meteorologists.
And back.
Mainline rail is the most efficient way to ship commodities via land. By far. The new locomotives are far less polluting than trucks for moving a similar amount of goods of any type. And are mandated to get cleaner.
It is hard for me to believe that you, of all people, are attacking rail transportation by setting up an emissions monitor on a HUGE house in North Seattle adjacent to railroad tracks.
Frank Kleyn March 6, 2014 at 6:18 AM
Thanks for your excellent analysis Cliff.
It's a good thing the downtown ferris wheel and proposed gondola offer riders airtight compartments as they spin and hover in the dust of the passing coal trains.
Where is our country's leadership on climate change? At a time when we should be cutting back on our use of fossil fuels, we're shipping ever increasing amounts of coal to China and will probably build the Keystone pipeline.
Nick March 6, 2014 at 2:46 PM
But I love Coltrane!
Just to seal the deal, I would like to see data for all trains, not just the coal trains. I suspect that coal trains put a lot more fine particulate matter (PM) in the air as they trundle by, but wouldn't it be truly amazing if *all* trains caused entrainment of PM, simply by their passing?
The Ballard Dude March 7, 2014 at 9:53 AM
More data from Australia on the impact of coal trains: http://www.theherald.com.au/story/1723571/coal-train-shock-air-quality-find/
The only reason this is getting attention is that for once it affects rich people, too. Usually we just push the pollution off into poor neighborhoods, where no one cares.
Driving your car degrades the air. What of it. How about a study next to a freeway.
JA June 12, 2014 at 8:18 PM
I live next to the railway track in Canada (20 m). CP operates the freight and it is a main line running 17-22 trains per 24 hour period but I believe no coal. Obviously, I am concerned over study. The diesel is worse than the coal b/c of the PM1 being breathed in at least in terms of the air pollution.
I was trying to put locomotives in the context of trucks not in terms of efficiency on a ton mile per gallon basis but in terms of the amount of spent fuel that gets emitted in front of my house. From the numbers I have seen it is somewhere between having 25 to 100 trucks per locomotive go by which is very significant it would seem. Can someone confirm?
I bought a Dylos DC1100 as I was more concerned with air quality inside my house since I take my kids far away from the tracks when playing outside. Just received it today and even though I realize it doesn't track the majority of diesel particulate since 90 percent is less than PM1 I was still looking for the spike when the train passed my house which I figured would be from the train and diesel. No spike was detected so far for two trains having passed. Am I missing something? Still concerned over diesel nano and being way too close to a massive source of diesel emissions (I wouldn't be so concerned at a 100m).
Want to move and not be close to a highway, track or industry but that is becoming increasingly hard to do on any kind of budget.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
La dramaturgie, du grec δρᾶμα [drama] qui signifie action, est l'art de transformer une histoire, vraie ou imaginaire, en un récit construit, comportant un ou des personnages en action. En littérature, la dramaturgie est l'art du récit par son évocation écrite figée.

N.B. : Il ne faut pas confondre le terme « dramatique », qui signifie "conforme aux règles de la dramaturgie" et qui peut être le récit d'une histoire avec une fin heureuse ou malheureuse, avec « tragique », qui reflète systématiquement l'idée de malheur. Ce n'est que par abus de langage que les deux termes ont été confondus.

La première création littéraire : légende d'Isis et d'Osiris
Il y a quatre mille cinq cents ans, avant l'apogée de la civilisation moyen-orientale, et bien avant l'apparition de la civilisation occidentale, le premier grand État du monde, l'Égypte, avait déjà construit sa légende fondatrice, celle d'Isis et d'Osiris et ses prêtres et ses artisans entreprirent de la graver sur la pierre. Cette légende a été rapportée en Europe par le Grec Plutarque qui, au  de l'ère chrétienne, l'avait recueillie lors d'un voyage en Égypte. Comme les Grecs ne savaient pas déchiffrer l'écriture égyptienne, ils en appelèrent les signes hiéroglyphes, « l'écriture secrète », mais pour les Égyptiens, elles étaient les « paroles divines ».

Ainsi que l'ont fait tous les peuples, la cosmogonie de l'Égypte ancienne explique la formation du monde et des éléments fondamentaux : la terre, le ciel, l'eau, le feu, et les mystères qui entourent l'existence de tout être vivant : la reproduction, la naissance et la mort. Les parents d'Isis et d'Osiris sont deux dieux tutélaires, souvent représentés dans leurs fonctions, strictement cosmogoniques : Geb, le dieu de la terre, dieu fertile qui nourrit les vivants, et sa sœur et épouse, Nout, la déesse du ciel, voûte céleste protectrice du monde.

Geb et Nout ont quatre enfants, les dieux Osiris et Seth, les déesses Isis et Nephtys. Ces enfants vivent et agissent dans un monde intermédiaire, issu des dieux, et divin lui-même, mais plus proche des hommes que des dieux tutélaires, notamment par l'humanité de leurs désirs, de leurs répulsions et des actes qui en découlent. La légende d'Isis et d'Osiris a été mise au point au cours de plusieurs siècles, voire en un millénaire, et représente la plus ancienne occurrence d'un récit construit écrit mettant en place plusieurs personnages liés entre eux par leurs passions. Elle peut se résumer en trois parties :

 Osiris épouse sa sœur Isis, et Seth épouse sa sœur Nephtys.
Seth est jaloux d'Osiris à qui les dieux tutélaires ont donné le titre de « Roi du monde des Hommes ». De plus, Osiris a eu avec Nephtys, l'épouse de Seth, un fils adultérin, Anubis. Seth attire son frère dans un piège, et le tue par noyade, constituant un climax ou acmé, un moment fort de l'action. En dramaturgie, ce crime est l'élément déclencheur. Et celui-ci décide Isis à rendre vie à son mari et à perpétuer son sang en lui donnant un héritier. C'est maintenant son objectif.

 Isis récupère le cadavre de son époux.
Mais, autre obstacle, Seth le dérobe et cette fois, le dépèce en quatorze morceaux qu'il éparpille sur les bords du Nil (autre climax ou acmé). Isis pleure toutes les larmes de son corps de déesse, provoquant la première crue du fleuve sacré. Elle part ensuite à la recherche de la dépouille de son mari, en compagnie d'Anubis, son beau-fils. Ils retrouvent treize débris du royal cadavre, le sexe a été dévoré par un poisson. Anubis reconstitue le corps de son géniteur, faisant de lui la première momie. Isis sculpte dans la glaise un pénis en érection pour parfaire l'illusion. Avec sa sœur Nephtys, elles battent de leurs ailes et Osiris ressuscite, le temps pour Isis de le chevaucher et être fécondée (autre climax ou acmé). Osiris n'en a pas pour autant rejoint le monde des vivants. Les dieux tutélaires le nomment alors « Roi du monde des Ténèbres » et son rôle est d'accueillir les âmes mortes et de les juger en fonction de leurs actes dans le monde des vivants. Dans cette tâche, il est aidé par Thot. Isis accouche en secret d'un fils, Horus, qu'elle dissimule dans un couffin au milieu des roseaux du Nil, afin que Seth ne puisse le trouver et le supprimer.

 Ellipse temporelle. Horus a grandi.
Horus a échappé à la fureur meurtrière de son oncle. Une idée l'obsède : venger son père. Les dieux tutélaires lui permettent de combattre Seth en un duel dont il sort vainqueur, bien que blessé (autre climax ou acmé), mais ils lui interdisent de tuer Seth. Isis proteste, Horus insiste, les dieux acceptent enfin qu'il châtie l'assassin en le châtrant (autre climax ou acmé). Seth est définitivement stérile, comme le désert, dont il a la couleur (il est roux), tandis qu'Horus perpétue le sang de son père (qui est noir comme le limon du Nil et comme la majorité des habitants de l'Afrique aux époques où naquit cette légende). Horus devient le « Roi du monde des Hommes », un titre qu'il lègue au premier des pharaons, son envoyé sur terre, le seul à porter le « sang d'Horus ». L'objectif d'Isis est ainsi atteint.
Il faut remarquer que le récit de cette légende met en place immédiatement un conflit à plusieurs causes entre Osiris et Seth, qui fait d'Isis une veuve, de Seth un assassin, et d'Osiris une victime ; tragique début qui n'attend pas le développement de l'histoire pour instaurer un climat délétère. Le Grec Aristote, dans sa Poétique, conseille aux conteurs d'entamer leur récit par un moment fort, en évitant toute exposition inutile, et de rechercher au contraire une action signifiante.

L'épopée de Gilgamesh
Née oralement à la même époque, et bientôt transcrite en écriture cunéiforme sur des tablettes de terre cuite, l'Épopée de Gilgamesh évoque un roi historique qui a régné sur la ville d'Ourouk, une cité-État de la Mésopotamie, au bord de l'Euphrate, dans le sud de l'Irak actuel. Mais l'ouvrage lui prête des aventures et des amours purement légendaires. Contrairement à l'Égypte, qui était structurée en État, avec une administration centrale et un vaste territoire sous sa domination, Ourouk est comme Sumer, Our ou Kish. .

Dans la légende d'Isis et d'Osiris, ainsi que dans la cosmogonie générale de l'Égypte ancienne, un point fondamental est établi : l'inceste divin, le mariage du frère et de la sœur, permet aux dieux de conserver leurs forces. Le chef de l'État égyptien, Pharaon, reprend à son compte cette tradition qui devient l'inceste royal, auquel se plieront tous les successeurs humains du dieu Horus, ceux qui « sont du sang d'Horus ».

Dans la légende de Gilgamesh, d'autres traditions sont évoquées. Gilgamesh éprouve assez peu d'attirance pour la déesse Ishtar, déesse de l'amour et maîtresse de la vie et de la mort. Elle-même se voudrait désirée et aimée par ce roi superbe aux mœurs belliqueuses. Mais Gilgamesh est tombé amoureux d'un homme élevé parmi les animaux, Enkidu, un rude adversaire contre qui il lutte un jour à égalité de force, avant de tomber dans ses bras car les deux hommes se sont reconnus comme étant le seul amour qu'ils puissent éprouver.

De récents travaux rapprochent l'Épopée de Gilgamesh des douze Travaux d'Héraclès (l'homologue grec du héros romain Hercule), la légende babylonienne étant antérieure de près d'un millénaire aux écrits d'Homère.

La Bible hébraïque
Les Hébreux, l'un des nombreux peuples qui étaient sous domination égyptienne et payaient tribu à Pharaon sous forme de corvées, imaginèrent une légende dans laquelle leurs tribus (ce sont des nomades qui élèvent du bétail) jouaient un rôle central. Les premiers textes seraient datés du , mais le livre en lui-même fut assemblé entre le  et le , qui sont les datations historiques actuellement admises.

La Bible hébraïque était destinée sans doute à rassembler, autour d'une légende présentée comme étant à l'origine du monde, des peuples qui n'avaient de commun que leur nomadisme et leur sujétion. C'est une pure création littéraire, avec les ingrédients de l'aventure, du fantastique, de la guerre et de la révolution. Sa datation réelle la porte au niveau des grandes épopées du conteur grec Homère, et les amours très humaines qui y sont décrites montrent un même goût pour le récit sentimental.

L'Iliade et l'Odyssée
L'Iliade est un poème qui raconte le siège de la ville de Troie, en Asie mineure, par les cités grecques coalisées autour de Ménélas dont l'épouse, la belle Hélène, avait été séduite par le beau Troyen Pâris, et que le mari bafoué voulait récupérer. L'auteur présumé de ce long poème de  vers s'appelait Homère, qui l'a écrit au  Les aèdes grecs, tels Homère, composaient leurs poèmes ou leurs tragédies de tête, oralement, et les déclamaient devant leur public. Plus tard, ces poèmes ont été transcrits fidèlement, devenant les premières œuvres littéraires qui ont ainsi pu profiter de diverses traductions et arriver jusqu'à nos jours.

La préparation du débarquement des troupes grecques avait pris dix années, et le siège lui-même avait duré dix autres années. Homère, pour intensifier sa dramaturgie, a pris soin de rapprocher le plus possible son action de l'épisode ultime de la guerre, c'est-à-dire la chute de Troie ; très exactement, cinquante-cinq jours avant. Les nombreux retours en arrière lui ont permis d'évoquer les éléments du drame.

. Mais les péripéties que Homère décrit dans son Iliade sont dans leur majorité inventées par l'aède ou, pour le moins, embellies par son talent lyrique.

L'"Odyssée" est une épopée composée plus tardivement par Homère, un poème de  vers. L'action se passe après la guerre de Troie, et elle est centrée sur le personnage d'Ulysse, le plus rusé des guerriers grecs puisque c'est par un stratagème imaginé par lui (le cheval de Troie) que la ville fut prise, « dans le cheval de bois, où nous étions embusqués, tous les meilleurs guerriers d'Argos, portant aux Troyens le meurtre et la mort ». Ulysse vainqueur, revient dans son royaume d'Ithaque, ou du moins il tente de regagner son rivage où l'attendent sa fidèle épouse, Pénélope, et son fils Télémaque. Poséidon, le dieu de la mer, pleure son fils, le Cyclope Polyphème, dont Ulysse a crevé l'unique œil. Il poursuit de sa haine le héros de Troie et provoque son naufrage. Il faudra à Ulysse de nombreuses années pour rejoindre son royaume, car il va tomber sous le charme d'une magicienne et rencontrer de terribles adversaires. Ce qui ne l'empêche pas, au sein de ce poème, de raconter tout ce qu'il a fait avant, lors du siège de Troie, une façon habile d'Homère de recommencer ce récit mythique, et d'en exploiter le succès, cette fois vu à travers les yeux du guerrier « aux mille ruses ».

La chanson de geste
La chanson de geste reprend au Moyen Âge le principe du récit légendaire pour inculquer les règles de la chevalerie.

Références et notes

Articles connexes
 Dramaturgie (théâtre)
 Dramaturgie (cinéma)
 Structure en trois actes

Histoire de la littérature

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Home / Cruise Lines / Oceania Cruises / Nautica
From Table To Temples
Ship: Nautica
Departure: Tuesday, January 25, 2022
Nights: 30 nights
Departs: Cape Town
Returns: Singapore
Prices are twin share per person in AUD, include all taxes and are subject to change.
way trip
Sea Days
To find out more about the itinerary for this cruise, select the itinerary items below.
1 Tuesday, January 25, 2022 Cape Town, South Africa Embark 5:00 PM
Located on the shore of Table Bay, Cape Town was the first European settlement in South Africa, and today is one of the most multicultural cities in the world. Pristine beaches, sheltered bays and secluded coves encircle the majestic might of Table Mountain, a World Heritage Site and home to some 8,500 species of flowers. Be sure to get to the top of the mountain by taking the Table Mountain Cableway and absorb the fascinating views. Robben Island and the District Six Museum are must-visits for anyone interested in South Africa's period of apartheid, which came to an end in 1990. Read more about Cape Town, South Africa
2 Wednesday, January 26, 2022 Mossel Bay, South Africa 10:00 AM 7:00 PM
Mossel Bay is a small harbour town situated on the Southern Cape, or Garden Route, of South Africa. It has, over the years, developed into a town of unhurried hospitality, complementing the natural beauty and rich cultural history of the area. It was here that the first modern Europeans set foot on southern African shores, so most visitors visit the Da Gama Museum Complex - in the town centre - where this event is commemorated. Mossel Bay's delightful beaches washed by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean, together with 300 days of sunshine in a year, make it a great attraction. Read more about Mossel Bay, South Africa
3 Thursday, January 27, 2022 At Sea
4 Friday, January 28, 2022 Durban, South Africa 8:00 AM 9:00 PM
Durban is the third largest city in South Africa and is its busiest port. Its subtropical climate and extensive beaches provide excellent opportunities for sun-worshippers, surfers and swimmers. The Golden Mile, a wide stretch of golden sands, is artificially separated by various piers. A promenade stretches along the Durban waterfront that is home to numerous restaurants, pubs, hotels, shops and the world class uShaka Marine World aquarium is worth exploring. Read more about Durban, South Africa
5 Saturday, January 29, 2022 Richards Bay, South Africa 6:00 AM 6:00 PM
Richards Bay is a city encompassing one of South Africa's largest harbours, a 30 square kilometre lagoon of the Mhlatuze River, on the northern coast of KwaZulu-Natal. The deep water harbour has the largest coal export facility in the world as well as large-scale mineral and chemical exports. Tourism is a major industry, with the ocean beach a very popular kite-surfing destination, and a multitude of first class game reserves are within several hours' drive from Richards Bay. Interestingly, the transformation of Richards Bay into the country's largest harbour and the world's largest coal terminal only happened in 1976. Read more about Richards Bay, South Africa
6 Sunday, January 30, 2022 At Sea
7 Monday, January 31, 2022 At Sea
8 Tuesday, February 1, 2022 Fort Dauphin, Madagascar 8:00 AM 6:00 PM
The first French settlement of Madagascar, Fort Dauphin (since 1975 Tôlanaro or Taolagnaro) is surrounded by the Indian Ocean on three sides - is located on one of the island's most beautiful stretches of coast. The newly built Port d'Ehoala provides easy access to the colonial town that is the gateway to a whole host of great excursions and activities. Locally known as the 'place of dreams', its lush setting with clear waters and green mountains will hold particular appeal for nature-lovers. A number of excellent ecotourism projects make it relatively easy to take in the lush, semi-tropical landscapes, stands of spiny forest, and wild beaches. Read more about Fort Dauphin, Madagascar
9 Wednesday, February 2, 2022 At Sea
10 Thursday, February 3, 2022 Pointe des Galets, Réunion 8:00 AM 6:00 PM
Pointe des Galets is the principal port of Réunion island, a French island located in the Indian Ocean 680km east of Madagascar, and about 170km SW of Mauritius. Two thirds of the island's western side is covered by mountain ranges. The 3,069m Piton des Neiges (Snow Peak) is the highest point. Between the alpine peaks and the coast are several rain forests, a variety of palm trees, and an abundance of flowers that makes the island appear as one big botanical garden. Read more about Pointe des Galets, Réunion
11 Friday, February 4, 2022 Port Louis, Mauritius 8:00 AM 6:00 PM
Port Louis is the capital of Mauritius, located on the NW coast of the island. The very large city is dominated by the Citadel from which almost the whole city can be observed, and it is surrounded by a range of mountains. The city as a whole is a place of interest, but of special attraction is the famous China Town, where many still dress in national clothing. Everybody speaks Chinese, and it truly possesses an atmosphere that is different from the surrounding neighbourhoods. Read more about Port Louis, Mauritius
12 Saturday, February 5, 2022 At Sea
13 Sunday, February 6, 2022 At Sea
14 Monday, February 7, 2022 Praslin, Seychelles 7:00 AM 4:00 PM
Praslin is the second largest island of the Seychelles, lying 44 km NE of Mahe. Once used as a hideaway by pirates and Arab merchants, it is now known as a tourist destination as it is home to beautiful turquoise water and white sand beaches such as Anse Lazio and Anse Georgette. There are also several very rare birds such as the endemic Seychelles Bulbub and the Seychelles Black Parrot, as well as being the only place on earth that is home to the unique Coco de Mer, a fruit from an extraordinary palm tree. Read more about Praslin, Seychelles
15 Tuesday, February 8, 2022 Mahe Island, Seychelles 12:00 AM 4:00 PM
Mahe is the largest and most important island of the Seychelles archipelago. While this spectacular island is only 27 km long it is dominated by a mountain range with its tallest peak Morne Seychellois, at 930 m in height, being central to a wonderful national park. There are also some delightful marine national parks off the island. The capital city of Victoria is small enough that it does not take too long to walk around, and this is the best way to see the city and to get a feel of the place and its people, who are often called the 'friendliest people in the world'. Read more about Mahe Island, Seychelles
16 Wednesday, February 9, 2022 At Sea
17 Thursday, February 10, 2022 At Sea
18 Friday, February 11, 2022 Male, Maldives 3:00 PM 12:00 AM
Male, pronounced Mah-lay, is the capital of the island nation the Republic of the Maldives. This is the smallest country of Asia. The delightful skyline of candy-coloured skyscrapers and historic sites indicate that Male is both a city and an island. The city centre is located at the southern rim of North Male Atoll. Read more about Male, Maldives
19 Saturday, February 12, 2022 Male, Maldives 12:00 AM 6:00 PM
20 Sunday, February 13, 2022 At Sea
21 Monday, February 14, 2022 New Mangalore, Indonesia 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
New Mangalore is the chief port for Mangalore (formerly Bangalore), on the Arabian Sea of India's west coast. Here a very popular venue for visitors is Panambur Beach that offers jet ski rides, camel rides, boating, dolphin viewing, and food stalls serving ice-cream and natural fruit syrups. Importantly, there are trained beach life-guards and patrol vehicles for safety and security. Most visitors to Mangalore search out its numerous temples that date back to 1068, with their delightful architecture and detailed carvings. Read more about New Mangalore, Indonesia
22 Tuesday, February 15, 2022 Cochin, India 7:00 AM 4:00 PM
Cochin, which now takes in much of the region adjoining the original town, is a vibrant city on the SW coast of India. It is flanked by the Western Ghats on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west and it enjoys a moderate equatorial climate. It is a blend of modern India, while the old quarter maintains a colonial 'feel'. Successive waves of migration over several centuries of people from all parts of Kerala and most of India has resulted in all being rather more cosmopolitan in outlook. Read more about Cochin, India
23 Wednesday, February 16, 2022 Colombo, Sri Lanka 11:00 AM 9:00 PM
Colombo is the largest city, and the commercial, industrial and cultural capital of Sri Lanka. Despite its frenetic traffic and the general hustle and bustle of being where you can see some of the tallest buildings in Asia, it does offer some interesting attractions. In the northern part of the city you can find the British fort, dating from the 19th C, as well as the gracious old buildings of previous colonial eras. Visit the national museum, and the Pettah bazaar district where the streets are crammed with shops and stalls selling everything from vegetables to gemstones. Read more about Colombo, Sri Lanka
24 Thursday, February 17, 2022 Galle, Sri Lanka 7:00 AM 4:00 PM
Galle is a city situated on the SW tip of Sri Lanka, 119 km from Colombo. It is perhaps best known for its world heritage site, the Galle Fort, which is the largest remaining fortress in Asia built by Europeans. It highlights the interaction between European architectural styles and south Asian traditions. A 'must see', the fort with its grass-clad walls, a church, a mosque, and pleasant surroundings, helps visitors to understand the interesting historical background to this delightful city. Read more about Galle, Sri Lanka
25 Friday, February 18, 2022 At Sea
26 Saturday, February 19, 2022 At Sea
27 Sunday, February 20, 2022 Phuket, Thailand 10:00 AM 7:00 PM
Phuket is the main town in the SE of an island of the same name, in the south of Thailand. This destination provides perfect silky-soft beaches, together with superb hospitality. With spectacular scenery and warm blue waters, it is not surprising that it is Asia's most popular beach destination. A range of fantastic day trips are of offer that include rafting, trekking, riding an elephant in Khao Lak, snorkelling at Coral Island, sea kayaking or canoeing in Phang Nga Bay, or taking a Jungle Safari in Khao Sok National Park where you get to ride elephants through the jungle - to name but a few. Read more about Phuket, Thailand
28 Monday, February 21, 2022 Penang, Malaysia 9:00 AM 6:00 PM
Penang Island is located on the NW coast of the Malaysian Peninsula, by the Strait of Malacca, while Penang State includes a narrow hinterland that is separated from the island by a channel. All tourists should visit the World Heritage Listed site of George Town. Take a trishaw ride or a guided walking tour to explore the nooks and crannies of George Town which, with its unique architectural and cultural townscape, and where every clanhouse and building represents a page of its colourful history, is definitely a 'must-see'. Perhaps take a thirty minute cable car ride, or a three-hour hike through lush foliage of the rainforest to Penang Hill with its amazing views. Read more about Penang, Malaysia
29 Tuesday, February 22, 2022 Kuala Lumpur (Kelang), Malaysia 8:00 AM 7:00 PM
Kuala Lumpur - or KL as it is known - is situated midway along the west coast of the Malaysian Peninsula, and as the nation's capital city it is the focal point of the new Malaysia. The city truly brings together Malaysia's past and present and its varied cultures. Visitors can appreciate the evocative British buildings as well as the unbounded spirit of progress that symbolises Malaysia's unhesitating leap into the future. Indeed it is home to the Petronas Twin Towers, among the tallest twin towers in the world. Read more about Kuala Lumpur (Kelang), Malaysia
30 Wednesday, February 23, 2022 Singapore, Singapore 10:00 AM 12:00 AM
Singapore is an island nation located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It lies 137 km N of the Equator, just south of the Malaysian state of Johor. One of the few remaining city-states in the world, Singapore is a thriving cosmopolitan city that is brimming with diversity and has a multiplicity of culture, language, arts and architecture and a world famous variety of cuisine. You'll find historic sites like the Thian Hock Keng temple, superlative shopping, including gargantuan malls, and numerous beaches. Read more about Singapore, Singapore
31 Thursday, February 24, 2022 Singapore, Singapore 8:00 AM Disembark
Nautica Overview
(from 5 verified customers)
Refurbished in 2014 the 30,277 GT Nautica carries just 684 passengers. This is a 'small ship' boasting many big-ship features. Dress is informal in a luxurious setting, with an accent on personalised service and top cuisine.
Nautica Cabins
Cabin Types
F, G
Average Cabin Size – 14.9 m2
Average Balcony Size – 0 m2
Size: 160 sq. ft. / 14 sq. mt. Features: Ultra Tranquility Bed, an Oceania Cruises exclusive. Bulgari amenities. Twice daily maid service. Belgian chocolates with turndown service. Complimentary 24-hour room service. Flat-screen television with DVD player and extensive media library. Wireless Internet access and cellular service. Writing desk and stationery. Plush cotton towels, robes and slippers. Handheld hair dryer. Security safe. All Suites and Staterooms are Smoke-Free.
C1, C2, D, E
A1, A2, A3, B1, B2
Average Balcony Size – 4.0 m2
Size: 216 sq. ft. / 20 sq. mt. Features: Ultra Tranquility Bed, an Oceania Cruises exclusive. Free and unlimited soft drinks replenished daily in your refrigerated mini-bar. Free still and sparkling Vero Water. 24-hour Butler service in all suites. Bulgari amenities. Free room service menu 24 hours a day. Signature Belgian chocolates with nightly turndown service. Wireless Internet access. Expanded lunch and dinner room service menu from the Grand Dining Room. Free laundry service – up to 3 bags per stateroom. Priority Noon ship embarkation. Complimentary welcome bottle of Champagne. Priority online specialty restaurant reservations. Unlimited access to the Aquamar Spa Terrace. iPad® upon request for your enjoyment on board (limited availability). Complimentary Oceania Cruises logo tote bag. Cashmere lap blankets, perfect for relaxing on your veranda. Complimentary pressing of garments upon embarkation (certain limitations apply). Complimentary shoe shine service. All Suites and Staterooms are Smoke-Free.
OS, VS, PH1, PH2, PH3
Average Balcony Size – 14.6 m2
Size: 1,000 sq. ft. / 93 sq. mt. Features: Ultra Tranquility Bed, an Oceania Cruises exclusive. Free and unlimited soft drinks replenished daily in your refrigerated mini-bar. Free still and sparkling Vero Water. 24-hour Butler service in all suites. Bulgari amenities. Free room service menu 24 hours a day. Signature Belgian chocolates with nightly turndown service. Wireless Internet access. Free laundry service – up to 3 bags per stateroom (restrictions apply). Priority 11am ship embarkation with priority luggage delivery. 24 hour Butler Service. Complimentary in-suite bar setup with 6 full-size bottles of your choice of premium spirits and wines from the suite beverage menu (certain limitations apply). Complimentary welcome bottle of Champagne. Fresh fruit basket replenished daily. Priority online specialty restaurant reservations. Unlimited access to the Aquamar Spa Terrace. iPad® upon request for your enjoyment on board. Bulgari gift set and variety of amenities. Choice of daily printed newspaper. Cashmere lap blankets. Choice of pillow from a luxurious selection. Complimentary shoe shine service. Complimentary pressing of garments upon embarkation (certain limitations apply). All Suites and Staterooms are Smoke-Free.
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text:
Tag: Pareto optimality
The deadweight loss of giving
In a recently published book, Scroogenomics, Joel Waldfogel, Professor of Business and Public Policy at the University of Pennsylvania, examines the economics of giving presents and considers whether we would be better off being Scrooges. This book brings to a general audience some of Professor Waldfogel's work on giving. In a 1993 paper, he argued that holiday gift-giving involves a deadweight welfare loss. "I find that holiday gift-giving destroys between 10 per cent and a third of the value of gifts." (See The Deadweight Welfare Loss of Christmas. Note: you should be able to access this from a UK university site if you are logged on.)
The core of his argument is that many gifts we give are not really what the person receiving it would have chosen. If you give someone a gift costing £10 for which the person would not have paid more than £6, then that is £4 wasted – a deadweight loss of £4.
So should we all be Scrooges and stop giving? Think of all money that would be saved and which could be spent on things that were more wanted. But wait a minute. What about the pleasure (i.e. utility) of giving? And what about the pure pleasure of receiving a gift, irrespective of the gift itself? Should these be added in to arrive at the total utility? Then there is the pleasure (or hassle) of shopping for the gift. Shouldn't this be taken into account too? In other words, to establish deadweight loss, we need to take into account all the pleasures and displeasures of the process of giving and receiving.
Finally there is the question of whether better research on the part of the giver into the tastes of the receiver would enable them to choose more wanted gifts. Or should we simply give cash or gift tokens: at least these can be used by the recipient for whatever they choose?
Interview with Joel Waldfogel Princeton University Press, on YouTube
See also the following articles:
It's not just Scrooge who wants Christmas abolished Financial Times, Tim Harford (20/11/09)
Stop blaming Grandma for cruddy Christmas presents Seattle Times, Joel Waldfogel (20/11/09)
It may not be the thought that counts Washington Post (22/11/09)
Economics of gift vouchers BBC News Magazine, Ruth Alexander (17/12/07)
The high cost of ugly, useless Christmas gifts Globe and Mail (Canada), Erin Anderssen (13/11/09)
Author's argument that unappreciated gifts drag down economy isn't Scroogish, it's foolish Mlive.com, Nancy Crawley (8/11/09)
Give gold, not myrrh The Economist (21/12/09)
What factors would need to be taken into account in attempting to measure the true deadweight loss of giving? Would this involve inter-personal comparisons of utility and, if so, what problems might arise from this?
Examine whether it is better to give cash or gift tokens rather than a physical gift?
Consider whether charitable donations would be the best form of gift to a friend or relative?
One practice used in many families is the 'secret Santa'. This is where everyone in the family secretly draws the name of another family member at random. They then buy a gift for this person and put the gift under the tree (or in a box). Thus each person gives just one gift and receives one gift and nobody knows who has given them their gift. Normally a maximum value of the gift is determined in advance. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of such as system. Is it a more efficient way of giving?
What are the macroeconomic arguments for giving presents at Christmas time or at other festivals?
Tags: Tagsallocative efficiency, consumer surplus, deadweight loss, deadweight welfare loss, economic efficiency, economic welfare, giving, Pareto optimality, utility, welfarePosted in: CategoriesEconomics for Business: 8e Ch 06, Economics for Business: 8e Ch 20, Economics: Ch 04, Economics: Ch 12, Essentials of Economics: 8e Ch 08, Podcasts and VideosAuthored by: John Sloman


vegan and gluten-free banana lime buckwheat pancakes.
Bananas are cheap again. It's funny, the way price affects how I treat my produce. Now that they don't cost a fortune, I'll buy a bunch and leave them lying around the counter for days, giving them nary a thought. Over time, they start softening, collapsing in a sweet surrender, the yellow skins darkening with an increasingly relentless influx of brown spots.
And then I look over one day and think, oops, perhaps I should start using them before they go bad.
So that was how it came to be that I made these vegan and gluten-free buckwheat banana-lime pancakes three times in a row. There are slight differences in the flavours and textures each time I make them, depending on how ripe the banana is, and how thoroughly I mash them. Invariably, however, they tend to end up tasting like juicy banana bread in pancake form, and you can't go wrong once you give them a good slosh of maple syrup - the magical finishing touch.
Mix buckwheat flour, baking powder and salt in a bowl, form a well in the middle, and set aside.
In another bowl, mash up banana flesh with lime juice (and zest, if using) with a fork until mushy, then stir in soy milk and oil. You could also use a blender or food processor for a smooth texture, but I like it the rustic way.
Pour the banana puree into the well of the first bowl, then stir gently with a wooden spoon until just combined - do not overmix. At this point, the batter should be thick but still pourable, with a slightly lumpy appearance, resembling a porridge.
Heat up a well-oiled frying pan over medium heat.
Drop 1/4 cup of the pancake batter into the frying pan and cook for approximately 1 minute and 30 seconds to 2 minutes, or until the edges set and bubbles pop on the surface. Turn and cook the other side for 30 seconds to 1 minute until golden, then flip onto a plate.
Repeat with the remaining batter. You should end up with 4 fat pancakes.
Serve with lashings of maple syrup and lime wedges to squeeze.
gluten-free and vegan buckwheat banana-lime pancakes in a sinful maple syrup bath.
Finally an interesting use for the buckwheat flour I have stored away in the freezer! Thanks!
Never had lime on a banana pancake but I'm willing to give it a go! They look really good.
I love buckwheat and these pancakes look appropriately decadent. My only trouble is that bananas seem to evaporate in this household, I never have overripe ones lying around.
I see you operate more efficiently than I do!
We had a family friend when I was growing up into health foods (a big deal in the 80s...) we called him 'Stan, Stan, the buckwheat man' he would havae loved these. Me too!
Such a cool idea. I know what you mean about letting fruit to sit there for too long once you can actually get it - I'm like that with avocados. To be fair, it's so hard to know when they're going to deign to ripen perfectly. I do have some buckwheat flour kicking round, so I'll look out for bananas next time they're on special and give these a go!
Oh yes, those dastardly tricky avocados!
I hear you! I treat my fruit and vegetables the same way. These look lovely.
Your MIL's recipe sounds tempting! I can imagine your banana-lemon-honey combo tasting great too.
I hardly associate banana and lime in a single dish but you just seem to make it work!
Oh, why no pancake love for so long? One day, one day soon!
It's time to rejoice for the price of bananas have finally gone down again, yahoo! Last week, I went to the market and got a bunch for 50cents/kg, it's insane. I immediately baked myself some banana bread that night. Now, I'm thinking I need to make another trip back so I can give your banana pancakes a go! My usual pancakes are quite plain and boring and that's why I like how you've added ingredients like lime zest and soy milk, yum!
That's a bargain! Gotta love banana bread... yum yum yum.
Just the words "banana lime" sound heavenly! So, this is a 'must make' recipe for me and my hubby over the next few days - that's for sure!
Lime on bananas? How curious! Love the idea though, sounds quite zesty!
Hehe yes they used to be like gold. You'd ceremoniously unwrap it and savour every bite! Now they're everywhere for $1.50 a kilo!
Oh yes, so precious! I'm so glad they are affordable again.
My husband is a banana bread lover so I know he would love these!
Yayy for cheap bananas! That reminds me, I have two semi black bananas in the freezer.. now to do something with them!
These pancakes look seriously delicious - I love the flavour combos and buckwheat? Sounds totally yum!
Such a lovely recipe... I just posted a buckwheat pikelet recipe today too. Love yours... sublime!
Mmmm! We are giant fans of buckwheat pancakes in this house. I like the addition of lime instead of lemon - nice twist!
I do love my lime. We use lime more often than lemons back home in Malaysia.
This looks like a pretty healthy stack of pancakes and I think that twist of lime really gives them a new taste dimension. I did see bananas selling for $2 a kilo at Harris Farm a few weeks ago.
I adore the lime in this recipe... I've been wanting to experiment more with buckwheat on behalf of my gluten free clients and this is just the inspiration I needed!
A great way to use buckwheat. I love pancakes and maple syrup - a perfect breakfast idea, especially the touch of lime - thanks for sharing!
That is so healthy and delicious!
These look simply delicious! I have never tried buckwheat, but sure will!
buckwheat and lime and banana is a new combination to me! Definitely trying this out as I was a bit put off by the taste of buckwheat pancakes plain the first time i made them.


I keep hearing from my friends that autumn is their favorite time of year. They love the transition to cooler weather and colorful fall foliage. We get both in the Pacific Northwest, plus lots of rain!
The majority of trees in Western Washington are evergreen, yet there are wonderful pockets of deciduous trees and shrubs in neighborhoods and parks across the region. One of my favorite places to enjoy Mother Nature's fall extravaganza is in Seattle's Green Lake Park.
Green Lake Park has a wonderful 2.8-mile path around the lake that encourages walkers, runners, bikers and skaters to enjoy the scenery. The leaves are just starting to turn beautiful shades of yellow, red and orange. Give it a couple of more weeks and the colors will be stunning!
Do you have a favorite place to watch Mother Nature's fall extravaganza? Share in the comments below.
We love driving up over Snoqualmie Pass. The trees change as you gain elevation and whole hillsides are awash in color.
I've made that drive during the fall and I know what you mean. Mother nature at her finest!
Green Lake is so beautiful in the fall. Great photos. Thanks for sharing.
Hey, there. I'm Karen. Writer, photo enthusiast and urban lover. Sharing my favorite things to do in Seattle neighborhoods.
I hope you join me on this journey. Please share your thoughts and ideas along the way.


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http://www.ecoearth.info/rss/gulf_spill.xml, Sun, 29 Jan 2023 18:21:39 GMT
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http://wwwc.environmentalhealthnews.org/archives_rss.jsp, Mon, 26 Jul 2021 00:41:56 GMT
, Thu, 28 Apr 2022 02:37:09 GMT
Environmental News Network, Sun, 29 Jan 2023 18:21:40 GMT
It's the small things that matter – when insects shaped today's natural world
Insects that play an essential role in moulding ecosystems may have begun their rise to prominence earlier than previously thought, shedding new light on how the world became modern. That is the finding of a new paper published by an international team of researchers led by Simon Fraser University's Bruce Archibald who is also a research associate at the Royal BC Museum.
New study examines the causes and consequences of the 2015 Wimberley floods
A new study by Chad Furl, postdoctoral research associate, and Hatim Sharif, professor of civil and environmental engineering at The University of Texas at San Antonio, delves into the 2015 Wimberley, Texas floods that destroyed 350 homes and claimed 13 lives. Furl and Sharif researched the factors that led to the catastrophic flooding and shed light on new ways people in flood-prone areas can protect against future tragedies.
Plastic in the Oceans Increasing Risk of Disease in Coral Reefs
More than 11 billion pieces of plastic are lodged within coral reefs in the Asia-Pacific region. According to a new study published in the journal Science, as this plastic gets tangled, it often cuts the coral, increasing the risk of infection and disease outbreaks by as much 89 percent.
http://www.envirolink.org/environews.rss, Sun, 29 Jan 2023 18:21:40 GMT
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http://wwwc.environmentalhealthnews.org/archives_rss.jsp?sm=fr13%3Bcurrentissues83%3B0http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environmentalhealthnews.org%2Fnamespaces%2F2003%2F11%2F01%2Fschema%23Climate_change14%3BClimate+change, Mon, 26 Jul 2021 00:41:59 GMT
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text:
JOLR
Social Engagement in Distance-, Remote-, and Hybrid Learning
Nina Bergdahl, Halmstad University, Sweden ; Lauri Hietajärvi, University of Helsinki, Finland
Journal of Online Learning Research Volume 8, Number 3, November 2022 ISSN 2374-1473 Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Waynesville, NC USA
A growing interest has been directed toward including a fourth dimension in the engagement construct: the social di- mension. The aim of this study is twofold: first, to explore how teachers talk about the social dimension of student en- gagement in online learning, and second, to explore the pos- sibilities of using computational methods for interview data analysis. A longitudinal intervention (interview-diary-inter- view) was conducted with teachers who actively teach on- line classes in hybrid, remote, and distance modes of deliv- ery. Natural language processing methods, more specifically topic modelling, were used to extract and analyse topics dis- cussed in the data. Analysis of topic overlap and distinctions were made. Key results reveal that co-creation and shared cognition are core concepts when teachers talk about social engagement. However, results also show that individual en- gagement is critical for social engagement, and that teacher- student interaction can, potentially, be viewed as a separate component. Interestingly, the teachers' talk also reflected phases in learning such as process and product-based focuses. Following the results, we suggest that computational methods can be combined with traditional (human) analysis to contrib- ute to a richer and more nuanced understanding of abstract topics. Understanding social engagement may inform theory development and is vital for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers.
Bergdahl, N. & Hietajärvi, L. (2022). Social Engagement in Distance-, Remote-, and Hybrid Learning. Journal of Online Learning Research, 8 (3), 315-342. Waynesville, NC USA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved February 1, 2023 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/221444/.
Participant Engagement in a Non-Formal, Self-Directed and Blended Learning...
A Case Study in Curriculum Development: Design and Evaluation of a New Course...
Hybrid Learning in Higher Education: Tested Techniques
Student Attitudes and Preferences Toward an E-Mentoring Program
Scaffolding Online Learning: The ART of Mentoring
Can Web-based Learning Enhance Self-Regulation?Implication for designing web-...
Comparative Analysis of Learner Satisfaction and Learning Outcomes in Online ...
Necessity of Applying Blended Learning in Higher Education of Iran
The Roles of Mentors in Electronic Learning Environments
The Role of Goal Structure in Undergraduates' Use of Self-Regulatory...


text:
Ahmanson Theatre Tickets
The Last Ship2020-01-23T20:00:002020-01-23T23:59:00See The Last Ship at Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles on January 23, 2020 8:00 PM.
Ahmanson Theatre - Los Angeles, CA
The Last Ship2020-02-01T14:00:002020-02-01T23:59:00See The Last Ship at Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles on February 1, 2020 2:00 PM.
The Last Ship2020-02-11T20:00:002020-02-11T23:59:00See The Last Ship at Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles on February 11, 2020 8:00 PM.
Ahmanson Theatre Seating Chart
The Last ShipThe Book Of MormonOnce On This Island
STAGEORCHESTRAMEZZANINEBALCONYAAAAMPALDCBACBAHGFEFED1451213654149150ZNZZZNZZZ
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Ahmanson Theatre
135 N. Grand Avenue
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Buy tickets for The Last Ship at Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles, CA on 01/23/20 8:00PM local time. There are currently 118 Ahmanson Theatre events available for sale.


Total issue number Total 10,000,000,000.
As of 2018, unlike virtual currency such as bit coin and alto coin, because it is a grass coin, you can not purchase in Japanese currency at any major exchanges.
※It is not decided to be listed on the major exchange in Japan as a cryptio currency.
About Counterparty, please see here.
Tance deposits accumulated since the latter half of the 1990s continues to increase, and it is said that it increases the pace especially from now on.
Also, the cash deposit balance of the Japanese people has exceeds 1,800 Trillion Yen in 2018.
A national policy in the Meiji Era so called "savings are virtue" has become a monster as money worshiper, feeling 【 anxiety towards a vague future 】with financial unrest after the collapse of the bubble.
This condition is very abnormal.
You may think, " Is it bad to have lots of money?" But the problem is whether saving money as far as cutting spending has meaning and value.
It is said that feeling【 anxiety towards a vague future 】makes this condition.
This mind is increasing【anxiety towards a vague future】.
As long as we cannot get out of this mind , 【anxiety towards a vague future】 will not disappear.
We etablish【HESOKURI Project】to get out form this condition.
【HESOKURI Project】is the project to change Japan's worship of money to the mind based on correct financial literacy by experiencing block chain technology by themselves.
We believe that this activity will help Japan escape from deflationary recession and lead to the revitalization of the Japanese economy.
【HESOKURI Project】uses our own TOKEN 【HESOKURI 】issued by Counterparty(XCP) protocol used block chain technology and WALLET .
By transferring a fixed Tance Deposit【hesokuri】to a fluid digital Tance Deposit【HESOKURI】, you will get financial literacy by experiencing what value does it have to create cash flow.
【HESOKURI】is issued at the counterparty (XCP). So you can use various functions. Current functions include distribution, dividends, voting, etc. New services and functions will be implemented in the future. 【HESOKURI】is a liquid financial asset with added value while you just have it.
Although block chain technology is a technology that has just begun to be recognized, it has unknown potentials.
R & D of block chains and AI is conducted all over the world, but nobody knows how this technology evolve in the future.
I believe that experiencing coming technologies step by step is an important preparation to deal with the new era.
【HESOKURI】is aimed at changing Japanese Worship of Money-oriented mind to an investment-oriented mind.
By transforming the mind, we will change 【the anxiety towards a vague future】to 【clear hope for the future】.
【HESOKURI】will work on this project with the aim of converting the 1% mind of Japanese people by two years later. It seems that it is very valuable for fixed financial assets to flow into the market as liquid financial assets.
※This activity is not intended for profit.
【HESOKURI】 is neither a Crypto currency nor an Alto coin. In the genre it is a Grass coin.
Therefore, it can not be purchased in the Japanese currency or foreign currency as a crypto currency like a bit coin and alto coin.
Also, [HESOKURI] is not something like an ICO case that is popular recently.
Therefore, not necessary to prepare white paper etc.
Although【HESOKURI】was created with the aim of converting the Japanese Worshiper of Mammon to a mind that matched the times, it will continue to change through the evolution of the new era technology.
On the internet, it is said that if things are going the way they are, you will experience a new paradigm shift with the exponential evolution that arises from the arrival of Singularity in 2045."
We don't know how this HESOKURI project will change, bu HESOKURI, which began in Japan, is "a new concept" and a world-wide language.
【HESOKURI】is a grass coin and can not be purchased in Japanese or foreign currency.
The acquired 【HESOKURI】cannot be converted into Japanese currency or foreign currency.
[HESOKURI] is not a crypto currency .
【HESOKURI】can be currently exchanged with XCP at【 Zaif Exchange】【 IndieSquareWallet 】in Japan.
HESOKURI mainly uses 2 kinds of this WALLET.
Counterparty (XCP) can be purchased at domestic exchange Zaif as well as Bit Coin in domestic currency or foreign currency. HESOKURI can not be purchased in Japanese currency or foreign currency, please prepare XCP and exchange it.
The First HESOKURI Campaign !