text:
Sponsor/Partners
Distribution Outlet Locator
Volunteer Registration Forms
Community and volunteers continues to rally with Grenfell victims
Volunteers continue to work tirelessly to arrange and organise donations that continue to come in.
Kensington and Chelsea is a borough with some very high incomes, as well as the highest average incomes in London. Despite this, there are pockets of deprivation in the borough.
Particularly in the north end of Kensington and Chelsea, there is an area with above average poverty rates, child poverty, and receipt of out-of-work benefits. These are not confined to this part of the borough, but are more concentrated here.
Kensington and Chelsea is an outlier in London in terms of the proportion of its households in temporary accommodation living in the borough: around three-quarters are placed elsewhere
Kensington and Chelsea has a child poverty rate below the London average - 29% of children in the borough are in a household with an income below the poverty line, compared to 34% of children in London as a whole.
However, there are five wards in Kensington and Chelsea with child poverty rates at or above the London average. These are Colville, Notting Barnes (the ward in which Grenfell Tower is located), Cremorne, St Charles and Golborne. With the exception of Cremorne, which borders the Thames at the south of the borough, these are the northern most wards. Golborne has the highest child poverty rate in the borough, at 43%.
CEO shares her story with CBN The 700 Club
+44 (0) 794 7488497 or +44 (0) 789 1555938
Esther Community Enterprise - About us
Esther Community Enterprise is a highly worthwhile third sector organisation, run on an entirely voluntary basis, serving the homeless and other socially excluded people in London and the UK. "Giving Purpose to Surplus" is our mission statement.We aim to meet those who have needs in the local community by redistribution of food and other consumables donated from retailers. ECE makes a worthwhile collective response to the 3 tenets of sustainable development, namely social, economical and environmental needs.
Copyright © Esther Community Enterprise


Assuming most of u have steam for one reason or another..would be handy for us to have IM between outfit members.
Also have AIM/ICQ but dont usually log into those.
You, Me, Closet, 7Min, Heaven, Now..
Steam ID , feel free to add me.


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Q: Solr - Migrate Documents from one Collection to another existing one I need to move all Solr Documents from one collection to another (already existing collection) - there are 500,000 documents.
I have tried the solr migrate but cannot get the routing key correct. I have tried:
curl 'http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/collections?action=MIGRATE&collection=oldCollection&target.collection=newCollection&split.key=!'

I have solr 4.10.3 installed in a cloudera installation.

A: Copy your existing oldCollection, and rename the as newCollection,
After that you may need to update some config files for the same.
Or create a new one using the below api
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/solr/Collections+API#CollectionsAPI-api1

A: The answer and the question are quite old, starting from 8.1 solr version, there is a feature specific for this purpose which is the reindexcollection api which can directly be used to reindex docs from source to a target collection with a lot of configurable options. Here is the link to the official doc : https://lucene.apache.org/solr/guide/8_1/collections-api.html#reindexcollection

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Each of us is a problem solver at heart—and websites have plenty of problems to solve.
We founded build/create in 2010 to be a better agency than where we had worked before. A place that fosters values of autonomy and mastery in its employees, giving them the freedom and support they need to do their best work. An agency that looks out for the interests of their clients, operates with transparency, builds goals based on real business needs, and measures real ROI.
We call this philosophy Design with Purpose™. It means that, from design to execution, every decision we make is intentional. We know why we do things. From the first concept sketch to final proof, we will talk you through every step of our process. And with our focus on testing, tracking, and metrics, we can show you the data behind each of our decisions.
Because that's how we think. We are methodical, intuitive, thoughtful, aspirational, driven. And when we bring that level of passion to your project, we want you to witness the results first-hand.
Work with us, and discover what purpose-driven design can accomplish for your business.
I am a DIY, jack-of-all-trades kind of guy, always have been and probably always will be. I love learning too much to be anything else. I design, code, write, draw, analyze, game, make music, work on cars, study foreign languages…the list goes on.
The bottom line: I'm obsessed with solving problems, in whatever form they may take.
I like solving problems and building things. Creativity is more than pretty graphics – it's about thinking outside the box to find practical solutions that actually make a difference to people.
Seeing goals accomplished, for ourselves or for our clients, is the best part of running a business.
I love to solve customer problems. My goal with every organization is to get them what they need and help them reinvigorate their passion for their product or service. To me this isn't a website design; it's an opportunity to look at what you've been doing, what's right, what's wrong, and grow.
Designer, father, life learner and music junkie, that's me in a nutshell. I love every facet of design and what it means to your brand.
No matter if it's graphics, photography or video, I believe staying current with trends while staying true to core principles exemplifies great design.
If you're ever standing still, you've lost. I believe in constant innovation and experimentation, it keeps me sharp and keeps us up to date in our practices.
My favorite part of my job is engineering tools that go above and beyond for our clients. If I can come in and build a tool that solves a problem they've been grappling with for years, that's the best feeling in the world.
My job is to make sure the right team member, is working on the right project, at the right time, to ensure a smooth delivery.
I like to work where people and data intersect. In addition to keeping projects moving forward, I also provide insight as to the how and why people find and interact with your website so we can make informed decisions based on real data.
I built Google. Just kidding, but I do love building complex websites with complex functionality. I enjoy getting a project that I can obsess over until I've perfected it.
The beauty of my job is the subtle transition back and forth between creativity and practicality, a perfect platform to thrive in my natural environment.
Communication is my craft and my passion. Interviewing our clients and their customers to learn their language and then working with them to create a more effective strategy is as challenging as it is rewarding. With the written word we can instruct, entertain, inform, and sometimes even change the world.
Good communication is good business. As a writer I help people express what makes their business stand out from the competition. I enjoy collaborating with clients and creating original content that gets you noticed online. You have the vision and I choose the right words to connect you with clients you want.
I love creating content for a campaign with a purpose in order to meet a goal for a client. Whether that goal for the campaign is brand awareness or lead generation, hitting that goal is the best feeling. Knowing you succeeded in helping someone's business grow.
And after almost 10 years in business, we know who we are, and who we want to work with. We're sure of ourselves, confident, and ready to explore new challenges.
That's why you'll see big space imagery peppered throughout our site and DLC: it's about aspiration; it's about a sense of purpose—a quest for knowledge that has no end.


引用本文: 白 杨,俞世安,许龙堂,龚道军,於 敏,丁 进,胡晓钢.三种微创方式治疗门静脉高压上消化道出血73例临床分析[J].中国临床新医学,2019,12(1):28-31.
BAI Yang, YU Shi-an, XU Long-tang, et al.
[Abstract] Objective To compare the hemostatic effects and complications of three minimally invasive methods in treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by portal hypertension, and to provide the reference for selection of suitable treatment methods for clinical practice. Methods The clinical data of 73 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension were collected in Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University between February 2013 and December 2017. These patients were divided into laparoscopic group(n=16), endoscopic group(n=31) and TIPS group(n=26) according to different treatment methods. The general situation, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative complications, perioperative death and postoperative rehemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed and compared among the three groups. Results The endoscopic group had the shortest average time of hospitalization(P<0.05) and the lowest hospitalization cost(P<0.05), and the incidence of obdominal infection after operation in the laparoscopie group was the highest(P<0.05). The incidence of hepatie encephalopathy after operation in the TIPS group was the hightest(P<0.05). The laparoscopie group had the lowest rebleeding rate(P<0.05). Conclusion The three methods have their respective advantages in the treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by portal hypertension, as a result, an appropriate treatment method should be selected based on the comprehensive consideration of the patient′s condition, the doctor′s experience and the technical conditions of the hospital.


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Amucheazi hails seamless PTAD pension verification in Enugu
Posted by Charles lwuoha, Enugu | 1 September 2019 | 609 times
•Prof. Amucheazi
Former Director-General of the National Orientation Agency (NOA), Prof. Elochukwu Amucheazi, on Sunday hailed the seamless nature of the ongoing Pension Transitional Arrangement Directorate (PTAD) pension verification exercise in Enugu.
PTAD commenced a hitch-free biometric verification of retired civil servants who served in federal agencies, corporations and institutions, in two centres in Enugu metropolis on Monday.
Amucheazi, who retired from the Political Science Department of University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), gave kudos to PTAD while speaking with newsmen shortly after going through the process of his own verification in Enugu.
He said that there had been a clear improvement in the exercise compared with how it was being done previously.
His words: "I am quite satisfied with the service rendered to me here by these young PTAD staff. They are very courteous and they attended to me, as well as other elderly people here, with tender care.
"The hall for the verification is made very conducive by air conditioners and enough seats to give some comfort to the pensioners.
"I also learnt that pensioners undergoing the exercise are served with daily launch, which is highly commendable.
"Today, I can see a clear departure from how pensions were previously verified in the country.
"The Federal Government, through PTAD, should keep it up as the senior citizens here deserve much better and quality service."
Amucheazi, a one-time Pro-Chancellor of Anambra State University, now Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, also lauded the deployment of enough working hands, computer sets and other devices in each of the centres.
"Not just that there are enough capturing machines and computer sets; but we have young Nigerians in PTAD who are eager to work and assist these senior citizens.
"You can see that the process is moving seamlessly and fast to cover everyone here today," he added.
News Express learnt that the ongoing nationwide exercise was to enable PTAD to have a comprehensive, accurate and reliable database for pensioners under the Defined Benefit Scheme (DBS).
The database would also be used to address some irregularities in the system, including ghost worker syndrome, duplicate payments, over and under payments, among other needs.
It was also learnt that 270 agencies, including universities, other tertiary institutions, health institutions and the defunct Power Holding Company of Nigeria, were expected to be covered by the exercise.
Other agencies included are Nigeria Railway Corporation, Nigeria Postal Service, Aluminum Smelter Company of Nigeria, Nigeria Aviation Handling Company, Nigerian National Shipping Line and Assurance Bank, among others.
The exercise in Enugu ends on Wednesday, September 4, 2019.
US declares Boko Haram, ISIS, others 'entities of particular concern'
Boko Haram IDPs clash with hosts over resources
Breaking: MAJOR SHAKE-UP in Nigerian Army; 37 Generals redeployed
NNPC to revisit recruitment exercise, restates commitment to transparency
NNPC to import 100mn litres of fuel daily in February
Bayelsa Governor urges Nigerians in Diaspora to close ranks, says country's...
Buhari drags governors to Aso Rock to brainstorm on nagging developmental...
Akpabio lauds Jonathan for appointing Akwa Ibom indigenes into key positions...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Search For "Real Estate" Companies in Tuscaloosa, Alabama - Click Here Now!
When It Comes Time To Sell Your Home, The Gray Group Implements An Extensive Marketing Plan To Ensure Our Client's Success And Satisfaction. While Tricia, 2015's Realtor Of The Year, Is Recognized As A Leader In Residential Sales, Jason And John Have Become Known As The Go To Agents For Tuscaloosa Condos. Often Referred To As "The Condo Guys," Jason And John Sold 115 Condos In 2016 Alone.
The Gray Group At Keller Williams Realty in Tuscaloosa is a company that specializes in Real Estate Agents And Managers. Our records show it was established in Alabama.


Troubleshooting & Repair - Hickerson Brothers Electric Service, Inc.
There's more to a repair than just fixing the symptoms. While some electricians may simply swap out the faulty part or add in a patch that temporarily fixes your problem, Hickerson Brothers Electric Service takes the time to find the root cause and fix that.
We know that proper electrical service and data communication are essential to your business. Wiring problems, faulty switches, and stripped insulation can lead to other problems that are either expensive to repair or can lead to future system failures. That's why, when you notice the lights flickering or strange power losses, we don't just fix the light, we find why it stopped working in the first place.
Not all electrical issues end in a permanent off state. There are plenty of events that can happen on a day-to-day basis that should notify you of an electrical issue.
Do you have an old electrical panel, or a circuit breaker that trips repeatedly?
Do you ever smell the scent of burning plastic near an outlet or light switch?
Do you hear sizzling, like a steak on the grill near an outlet or switch?
Does the outlet or switch become hot during use?
Do you have a nonfunctional outlet?
Does a light switch or Sensor No Longer Work?
All of these are clear evidence that there's an electrical problem in your building. You should always be aware of strange smells when wiring is involved, as most odd scents are caused by burning carbon or insulation.
Electrical issues typically stem from two problems: age and code violations. As we work on fixing whatever is causing the problem, we'll take a look at your wiring and connections to make sure that everything is safe and secure. If we see a safety hazard, or something that's likely to cause problems in the near future, we'll let you know about it so it can be remedied as soon as possible.
If you ever need electrical work for your office, store, or place of business, don't hesitate to call Hickerson Brothers Electric Service. We're the most trusted electric service company in the entire Northern Virginia area. Schedule your next service at (703) 594-3913!


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None of the Above (Paperback)
By I. W. Gregorio
"None of the Above is a powerful story of discovering one's true identity. This book will open hearts and change minds."—Stephen Chbosky, bestselling author of The Perks of Being a Wallflower
Now in paperback—this relatable and groundbreaking story for the LGBTQIA+ audience is about a teenage girl who discovers she was born intersex . . . and what happens when her secret is revealed to the entire school. Perfect for fans of If I Was Your Girl and Ask the Passengers.
When Kristin Lattimer is voted homecoming queen, it seems like another piece of her ideal life has fallen into place. She's a champion hurdler with a full scholarship to college and she's madly in love with her boyfriend. In fact, she's decided that she's ready to take things to the next level with him.
But Kristin's first time isn't the perfect moment she's planned—something is very wrong. A visit to the doctor reveals the truth: Kristin is intersex, which means that though she outwardly looks like a girl, she has male chromosomes, not to mention boy "parts."
Dealing with her body is difficult enough, but when her diagnosis is leaked to the whole school, Kristin's entire identity is thrown into question. As her world unravels, can she come to terms with her new self?
Incredibly compelling and sensitively told, None of the Above is a thought-provoking novel that explores what it means to be a boy, a girl, or something in between.
I. W. Gregorio is a practicing surgeon by day, masked avenging YA writer by night. After getting her MD, she did her residency at Stanford, where she met the intersex patient who inspired None of the Above, her debut novel. She is also a founding member of the We Need Diverse Books team. A recovering ice hockey player, she lives in Pennsylvania with her husband and two children.
"None of the Above is a powerful story of discovering one's true identity. This book will open hearts and change minds."
— Stephen Chbosky, bestselling author of The Perks of Being a Wallflower
"[A] provocative and enlightening first novel...will strike a familiar chord with any reader who has felt estranged."
— Publishers Weekly (starred review)
"I couldn't put this book down—it opened my mind in ways that few books have done before."
— Jacqueline Woodson, award-winning author of Brown Girl Dreaming
"Noble, daring and necessary—IW Gregorio's groundbreaking debut is a bittersweet, painful and ultimately life-affirming voyage of identity."
— Elizabeth Wein, award-winning & NYT bestselling author of Code Name Verity
"Like the beloved physician she is, I. W. Gregorio brings rare knowledge and acute empathy to the illumination of an anatomical difference—and to the teens who discover, in the nick of time, the saving grace of knowing and being one's truest self. A book unlike any other."
— Beth Kephart, award-winning author of Going Over and Small Damages
"None of the Above is a sensitive, beautifully written story, told with heart (break) and humor. Gregorio deftly explores the isolation of being 'other' in a highly relatable way. Bravo!"
— Kristin Elizabeth Clark, author of FREAKBOY
"Engaging and well paced, with smart young characters…a useful introduction to…intersexuality."
"Sensitive, informative and a valuable resource"
"None of the Above rises above most young adult fiction because it has potential to evoke significant change...[A] compelling and touching narrative."
— Voice of Youth Advocates (VOYA)
"[A] remarkable novel...Eye-opening and important."
"Kristin's struggle with her identity is wrenching and authentically conveyed."
— Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books
Publisher: Balzer + Bray
Maximum Grade Level: 12
Young Adult Fiction / Social Themes / Dating & Sex
Young Adult Fiction / Social Themes / Bullying
Young Adult Fiction / Social Themes / Emotions & Feelings
Kobo eBook (April 7th, 2015): $9.99


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Q: Apple Maps on iOS 13 says 'Directions Not Available' for openInMapsWithLaunchOptions I am using Apple maps to show direction to a location from the users current location. The address details are updated in the addressDictionary as lat long are not present.
MKPlacemark *destination = [[MKPlacemark alloc] initWithCoordinate:endingCoord addressDictionary:addressDictionary];
MKMapItem *destinationItem = [[MKMapItem alloc] initWithPlacemark:destination];
NSMutableDictionary *launchOptions = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
[launchOptions setObject:MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeDriving forKey:MKLaunchOptionsDirectionsModeKey];
[destinationItem openInMapsWithLaunchOptions:launchOptions];

This works perfectly fine till iOS 12 for the same address. Now in iOS 13, it always says "Directions Not Available".
Has anyone else faced the situation and knows the solution?


The SocketTools 9.5 Library Edition includes dynamic link libraries (DLLs), technical reference documentation and examples. This upgrade is licensed per developer, with unlimited redistribution and free technical support.
Please enter the serial number of the product being upgraded. The serial number is required to complete this order.


Lots of children enjoy watching films online on the internet. Lots of music videos can be watched online too. We've been working with big UK record companies to see if we can age rate music videos online just like we rate films online.
Online films and music videos don't need to be age rated by law, unlike DVDs which do need an age rating before they can be sold in the shops and cinema films which need an age rating before you see them at the cinema. But with so many people watching films and music videos online, people tell us they would like the same age rating guidance on the internet as they have when they buy a DVD or watch a film at the cinema.
Our work to age rate music videos began with a small pilot scheme which began in October 2014. We wanted to test how age rating music videos could work with just a few record companies and websites where you can watch music videos. We did this to find out how it would work and whether people found the age ratings on online music videos useful.
We age rated music videos from the record companies Sony Music UK, Universal Music UK and Warner Music UK before they were put on YouTube and Vevo. We asked the record companies to send us videos that they thought would need a 12, 15 or 18 age rating.
Some of the videos we rated before they were put on Vevo and YouTube include Ellie Goulding's 'On My Mind', Ed Sheeran & Rudimental's 'Bloodstream' and The Wombats 'Be Your Shadow'.
When the videos were put on Vevo and YouTube the age rating and BBFCinsight about the key classification issues in the video were included. This information lets you decide if the online music video is suitable for you and what you might see in it.
In August 2015, we reviewed the pilot and carried out some research with the public to find out if they found the age ratings on online music videos useful. 78% of the parents we spoke to said they found the age ratings for online music videos useful. The research showed the pilot scheme was a success and the three big UK record companies agreed to continue to send their online music videos to the BBFC for age rating. We're now inviting smaller record companies to send us their videos as well. This will mean more online music videos will have an age rating when you see them on Vevo and YouTube.
Vevo and YouTube are also finding out if they can use parental controls to ensure children don't see music videos online that contain content that might be unsuitable for them or upsetting.
We are always keen to hear what you think about our work. If you have any comments or questions about age ratings for music videos online you can email us education@bbfc.co.uk.
Let us know what you think about age ratings for online music videos.
Don't forget to add your email address if you would like a reply to your question or comment.


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Designer Amy Billimoria supports Vikram Phadnis
Published by Hemant Sanganee on Aug 24, 2014
It's generally a rare sight to see a pleasant camaraderie between two top notch designers but on the contrary to all the myths there are a couple of designers who no matter what support one another. To name a few amongst the lot are designer Amy Billimoria and Vikram Phadnis.
Designer Amy Billimoria made an appearance at the recently concluded gala thrown by Vikram Phadnis and Nakkashi. Adding to the merriment the two had the best time discussing fashion, latest trends and their future plans.
Calling it a night the owner of Earth 21 says "Yes I was a part of Vikram's grand celebration. There is no room for rivalry between the two of us; we all belong to the same fashion world encouraging and supporting each other. People usually find it amusing when they see two contemporaries being friends but we are all designers harboring on same ship with the dream to provide the nation best of the designs". Amy further adds "I have always been very fond of his collection. He is one of the finest designers our country has seen. I wish him all the luck and love for future (smiles)."


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National currency regains 21% of its value: CBI gov.
TEHRAN, Nov. 04 (MNA) – Governor of Central bank of Iran says the national Iranian currency, rial, has regained its value by 21 percent against the US dollar over the past year.
Iran's economy recovering despite being under US sanctions: Bloomberg
TEHRAN, Oct. 25 (MNA) – A report by the Bloomberg has revealed that the US maximum pressure campaign against Iran has failed citing an IMF's projection that Iran's economy will rebound despite the sanctions.
Bill on national currency reconversion submitted to Parliament
TEHRAN, Aug. 21 (MNA) – Iranian President Hassan Rouhani submitted the bill on reforming monetary and banking law including 'eliminating four zeros from national currency and national currency reconversion' to the Parliament.
CBI gov.:
Eliminating 4 zero from national currency not to impact inflation rate
TEHRAN, Aug. 06 (MNA) – Governor of the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) Abdolnaser Hemmati said on Tuesday that crossing out four zeros from national currency, Rial, will have no impact on inflation rate adding that the central bank is ready to implement the plan.
Govt. agrees to slice four zeros off national currency
TEHRAN, Jul. 31 (MNA) – The Iranian government has approved a plan to take four zeros off the national currency in a bid to curb the tide of liquidity and boost the rial again.
Foreign currencies lose more value against Iranain rail
TEHRAN, May 20 (MNA) – The Iranian local currency the rial has regained almost 10% of its value against foreign currencies, especially the US dollar over the past few days.
Iran cement exports to Afghanistan increases after US sanctions: report
TEHRAN, Apr. 17 (MNA) – The export of Iranian cement to Afghanistan has increased after US sanctions resumed on Iran, Afghan business officials have told Tolo news TV.
Cabinet studying currency reconversion, lopping off 4 zeroes of nat. currency
TEHRAN, Apr. 16 (MNA) – According to the request of the Central Bank of Iran (CBI), the economic committee of the cabinet has on agenda the plan to eliminate four zeros from the national currency rial and to introduce a new one.
Central bank fully controls foreign exchange market, says governor
TEHRAN, Apr. 07 (MNA) – Governor of the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) Abdolnaser Hemmati said Sun. that the enemies are constantly plotting against the country's local currency the rial, saying in continuation of countermeasures, an organized market will be launched within two weeks to further thwart plots.
By: Kamal Iranidoost
How did the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) foil foreign plots against the rial?
TEHRAN, Mar. 20 (MNA) – While in early autumn, the Iranian national currency-the rial-was plunging against the US dollar on a daily basis, the volatile foreign exchange market has been brought under control through proper measures that the Iranian central bank has taken since then.
Iran, Russia ditch dollar in bilateral trade relations: Russian envoy
TEHRAN, Feb. 06 (MNA) – Russia's Ambassador to Iran has said that Moscow and Tehran have given up the US dollar in settlement payments and planned to shift completely to national currencies, with euro to be used if there are no other options.
By: Haniyeh Sadat Jafariyeh
Getting around sanctions with crypto-rial
TEHRAN, Jan. 19 (MNA) – In April 2018, the Central Bank of Iran banned domestic banks and people from dealing in foreign cryptocurrency because of money laundering and financing risks.
CBI governor:
Lopping four zeros off rial to take about 2 years
TEHRAN, Jan. 07 (MNA) – Governor of the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) Abdolnaser Hemmati said on Mon. that removing four zeros off national currency 'rial' will take about two years.
CBI offers plan to cabinet to lop four zeros off rial
TEHRAN, Jan. 06 (MNA) – The Governor of the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) said Sun. a bill to slice four zeros off the national currency 'the rial' has been offered to the cabinet, expressing hope that the bill would be approved and put into force soon.
CBI seeks to slice four zeros off currency: Hemmati
TEHRAN, Jan. 06 (MNA) – The Central Bank of Iran (CBI) is looking to take four zeros off the national currency in a bid to curb the rising tide of liquidity and help the rial regain part of its lost value, an MP quoted the CBI governor as saying on Sunday.
India exempts Iran oil imports from heavy taxes: Reuters
TEHRAN, Jan. 01 (MNA) – India's finance ministry has exempted rupee payments made to the National Iranian Oil Co (NIOC) for crude oil imports from a steep withholding tax, according to a government order reviewed by Reuters.
Flights from Iraq to Iran quintuple over past 3 years
TEHRAN, Dec. 29 (MNA) – Iraq Consul General to Iranian city of Mashhad says that there has been a fivefold increase in the numbers of flights from neighboring country of Iraq to Iran over the past three years.
Number of Iranian tourists visiting Turkey drops
TEHRAN, Dec. 29 (MNA) – The Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey announced on Friday that the number of Iranian tourists visiting the country has dropped by 18.17 percent in January – November 2018, compared to same period last year.
CBI calls on banks, exchange shops to buy ordinary people's dollars
TEHRAN, Dec. 12 (MNA) – As the prices of foreign currencies against that Iranian rial continued to fall on Wednesday, the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) called on state banks and exchange shops to buy the US dollars that people offered to sell in the free market to avoid further depreciation of their properties.
Nemati:
Iran's oil sales predicted at 1.5mn bpd for $54 each in 2019
TEHRAN, Dec. 03 (MNA) – Spokesman for presiding board of the Iranian Parliament said Mon. that the government has estimated the sale of 1.5 million barrels of oil per day (bpd) for the next fiscal year (starting 21 Mar. 2019).
Iran Central Bank chief says foreign currencies' prices to decline further
TEHRAN, Nov. 28 (MNA) – Governor of the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) Abdolnasser Hemmati said Wed. that the declining trend of the foreign currencies' prices against Iranian rial will continue as the Iranian exporters increase their forex supplies to official market.
New Delhi trying to start rupee-rial operations for Chabahar Port
TEHRAN, Oct. 20 (MNA) – India's Shipping Secretary Gopal Krishna said the country is weighing a rupee-rial payment mechanism for the Chabahar project in Iran as it weaves a way around the US's impending sanctions against Iran from Nov. 4, to kickstart the port that is considered critical to the country's geopolitical and trade interests.
196 suspects detained over foreign currency crimes
TEHRAN, Oct. 14 (MNA) – The spokesman of Iran's judiciary Gholamhossein Mohseni-Eje'i announced that 196 suspects have been detained in the capital city of Tehran in the past days over smuggling and corruption in foreign currency market.
Mohsen Rezaei:
National currency to regain its value by help of Iranian nation
TEHRAN, Oct. 12 (MNA) – Secretary of the Expediency Council and former IRGC commander Mohsen Rezaei has referred to the current economic situation, saying the Iranian nation will get through the difficulties and help the national currency regain its lost value.
Arbaeen pilgrims to pay visa fees at more affordable rates
TEHRAN, Oct. 10 (MNA) – Interior Minister Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli said on Wednesday that the government will grant secondary dollar rates to pilgrims visiting the neighboring Iraq to attend the Arbaeen pilgrimage.
CBI head says major part of US sanctions rendered 'ineffective'
TEHRAN, Oct. 09 (MNA) – Governor of Central Bank of Iran Abdolnaser Hemmati said a major part of US economic sanctions against Tehran has been rendered ineffective due to CBI's efforts and policies.
After repeated record lows, rial recovers unexpectedly
TEHRAN, Oct. 03 (MNA) – Following government's Saturday measure to grant authority to the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) to interfere in the foreign exchange market in defense of the rial, the Iranian currency started to regain incrementally.
Jahangiri told Parl.:
Dollar-to-rial rate falling
TEHRAN, Oct. 03 (MNA) – The Iranian first vice-president Es'hagh Jahangiri assured the MPs that the decreasing trend in currency rate will continue, said Shahbaz Hassanpour, a member of the budget and planning committee of the parliament.
Iran to give 5-year residence to foreign investors
TEHRAN, Oct. 02 (MNA) – The Supreme Council of Economic Coordination of Iran has approved new policies to manage foreign currency market, which includes 5-year residence permits for foreign investors.
By: Mohammad Moheimani
Tehran exchange market today
TEHRAN, Oct. 01 (MNA) – Today, Iranian national currency the rial regained some of its previously lost value after the Central Bank of Iran announced new policies to manage the market. Many people came to sell their dollar banknotes which in turn resulted in further depreciation of foreign currencies, most notably US dollar, against the rial. The following photos show Iran's leading exchange market in the heart of Tehran which sets the prices for foreign currencies in other cities. The price of US dollar, which had risen up to 192,000 rials last week, went down as low as 160,000 rials today.


text:
WRSU-FM (88.7 FM) is a non-commercial college radio station serving the greater Central New Jersey area, broadcasting from the campus of Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. It is a student and faculty-run radio station with Rutgers faculty member Mike Pavlichko serving as its Broadcast Administrator.  WRSU broadcasts on FM and streams all of its programming online.

Programming
WRSU currently operates mostly on free-form programming. Shows do not have to fit a certain style on a normal broadcast schedule with DJ's creating their own playlists. Genres of music that the station broadcasts includes various forms of rock, including indie, alternative and metal. The station also broadcasts electronic, rap/hip-hop, and other diverse genres of music. There is an eclectic level of diversity in WRSU's specialty programming, and many shows focus on one particular brand of music and are broadcast weekly. The station commits its Sunday programming schedule to members of the diverse New Brunswick community.

Sports
WRSU has a large listenership for its sports programming, as the WRSU Sports department covers a wide range of teams to train students for a career in broadcast media. The station has been broadcasting Rutgers athletics since 1954.

Student broadcasters perform play-by-play coverage of all home and away games for Rutgers football, Rutgers men's basketball, and Rutgers women's basketball. WRSU remains the flagship station for the Rutgers women's basketball program. WRSU's student sportscasters also broadcast all home games for the Rutgers baseball and men's and women's soccer teams, and broadcasts of Rutgers lacrosse and wrestling have also been incorporated into the station's schedule in recent years. WRSU also credentials students to cover many home games as sports reporters, allowing members of the department to practice writing game stories and opinion pieces to be posted on the WRSU website.  In 2019, WRSU Sports was named "Best Football Play by Play" by the Intercollegiate Broadcasting System at its 2019 international conference in New York City.

Since 1974, WRSU has hosted a post game show, called Knightline, for listeners to call-in and discuss Rutgers athletics after every Football and Men's Basketball broadcast.

Sports talk
The station currently broadcasts several weekly sports talk shows, hosted by members of the Sports department. These shows feature frequent interviews from members of the regional and national sports media, as well as those within the Rutgers athletic community, as well as listener phone calls.  In September 2019, the numerous sports shows - including the longtime Tuesday evening show "SportsKnight" - were consolidated into "WRSU Crew", an afternoon drive-time show that often serves as a lead-in to evening sports broadcasts.

News
WRSU features eight daily newscasts a week - Monday at 10 pm, Tuesday through Thursday at noon and 10 pm, and Fridays at noon.  The newscasts cover events, issues, and trends happening at Rutgers, with national and local headline reports, Sports reports, and weather forecasts.

The news department also produces KnightBeat, airing every Wednesday at 10 PM. Knight Beat is a news-talk show featuring interviews with campus organizations and leaders, discussions of the latest news headlines, and detailed profiles and discussions of Rutgers issues.

The WRSU news department also provides live coverage of Rutgers events, as well as annual election coverage.  In recent years WRSU has broadcast from both the Democratic and Republican Presidential Conventions Headquarters.

WRSU provided live coverage of the 2008 Presidential election on November 4, featuring live reports from the New Jersey Democratic and Republican headquarters, analysis by Rutgers political commentators, up-to-the-minute results, and live reports from College Avenue during student celebrations.

History
WRSU first went on the air on April 26, 1948.  In its earliest inception, WRSU was an AM carrier current station that broadcast from 12 College Avenue, with transmitters in the basements of several Rutgers dormitory buildings, as well as at the New Jersey College for Women, which would eventually become Douglass College.  During this period, WRSU ran on the 630 AM band.  The station's first General Manager and Founder was Charles Brookwell, Class of '49.

Beginning in the 1950s, the station changed frequencies and changed operating facilities, eventually moving to 680 on the AM band.  The carrier current transmitters were expanded to include operation in 23 dormitory buildings on three campuses.  The current offices of the station began to be utilized in 1969 and are located at 126 College Avenue located in the Rutgers Student Center.

WRSU-AM ceased operation in 1976, two years after the inception of WRSU-FM.

WRSU-FM

WRSU-FM went on the air at 88.7 MHz with 1350 watts ERP on January 27, 1974.  During the 1950s and 1960s, the station played current popular music, but starting in the '70s, the station underwent a conscious effort to introduce album-oriented progressive/free form movement with a heavy concentration on Community Affairs. The first song ever played was Crosby, Stills, and Nash's "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes"  The seventies were also a time when live interviews with singers began and ranged from the local band Holmes to Wonder Woman Linda Carter promoting her first album.

Philosophy
WRSU has a station playlist of current music, but it generally consists of several hundred entire albums, and individual DJs have a large amount of control over the format of their shows.  The station is strictly non-commercial, and aims for a free-form style of broadcasting.

The station is under the management of Rutgers University. While operations are on a strictly volunteer level and no course credit is involved for students, the station does seek to develop the skills of their student personnel for practical use in professional broadcasting fields.

Funding and operations
WRSU receives funding from Rutgers University, and is a strictly non-commercial radio station.  However, WRSU does receive grants and underwriting from local businesses and record stores.  Usually, this underwriting takes the form of a credit for the station at said record store in exchange for hourly notices broadcast on the station.

Notable alumni
For more than 60 years, WRSU has prepared many of its students for a career in sports, news and entertainment media.

 Bernard Goldberg, commentator for Fox News, correspondent for HBO's Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel
 Bill Newcott, film critic, host of AARP's "Movies for Grownups"
 Carla Marie, former producer, Elvis Duran and the Morning Show on Z100 New York, host of "Carla Marie & Anthony Show" on KISS-FM, Seattle
 Danny Breslauer, former sports broadcaster, WCTC
Dan Mulcahey, weekend host, Magic 98.3/WMGQ
 Erica Herskowitz, sports update anchor, WFAN
 Gordon Deal, host of This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal
 Judy Tint, entertainment lawyer
 Matt Pinfield, music personality, TV host on MTV and VH1
 Max Herman, former sports anchor, WFAN
 George Achaves, Westwood One, NPR, WBGO, Country Countdown USA
 Jeff Koyen, journalist and entrepreneur
 Livingston Allen, content creator on Instagram, YouTube, Spotify and Complex.
 Mike Emanuel, correspondent for Fox News
 Mike Pavlichko, sports broadcaster for WCTC, current WRSU Broadcast Administrator
 Mike Vorkunov, former reporter for The Star-Ledger
 Neil Solondz, pregame radio host for the Tampa Bay Rays
 Rich DeMarco, radio play-by-play announcer for the Army Black Knights
 Rich Edson, Washington correspondent, FOX News
 Zubin Mehenti, SportsCenter anchor, ESPN
Tim Catalfamo, racing reporter for MRN Radio
 Deanna Moore, video producer, Elvis Duran and the Morning Show on Z100 New York

See also
 WVPH: Rutgers radio station in Piscataway
 Rutgers University student organizations

References

External links
WRSU official website

RSU
Rutgers University
Radio stations established in 1974
1974 establishments in New Jersey
World music radio stations

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It only makes sense that Taikoo Place, an commercial hub full of professionals and creatives, would have some pretty stylish people. We went on the hunt to find some of the best-dressed tenants and asked them about their style.
Industry: fashion, at Dorset House.
What works: the volume. A flirty ruffled blouse over a sleek layered skirt creates volume, but in different ways that work together.
Industry: luxury wine and spirits, in PCCW Tower.
What works: the hair. That super straight, sharp and edgy haircut is enough to capture a few envious glances.
Industry: banking, at Dorset House.
What works: the throw. Elevating a look can be as simple as incorporating a throw or wrap that billows in the wind as you walk.
Industry: content marketing, at Cambridge House.
What works: The trousers. The light-coloured denim is a striking contrast to the forest green blazer. The ripped details and the shortened length of the trousers also fit perfectly with the height of the boots.
Industry: luxury wine and spirits. Visiting and staying at East, Hong Kong.
What works: the cut. An asymmetrical neckline and a bubble cardigan over a fitted dress create contrast and intrigue, especially in all black.
Industry: publishing, at Cambridge House.
What works: the jacket. The brown aviation jacket with a fleece collar turns a regular looking schmo into a fly guy.
Industry: insurance. Meeting a friend who works at Taikoo Place.
What works: the scarf. A textured off-white coat over an all-white outfit is complemented by an elegant, patterned pink scarf. It's a striking, balanced look with the pop of colour making all the difference.
Industry: graphic design, at Devon House.
What works: the hair. While fashionistas are dying their hair platinum blonde, this guy is one of the rare non-posers keeping it natural, real and stylish.
Can astrology help you choose gifts for your friends and family this year?


The Confederacy is on her way up the spout : letters to South Carolina, 1861-1864 / edited by J. Roderick Heller III and Carolynn Ayres Heller.
Other author/creator Heller, Carolynn Ayres.
Publication Info Athens : University of Georgia Press, ©1992.
South Carolina--History --Civil War, 1861-1865 --Personal narratives.
General note A collection of 33 letters, written by Milton Barrett and six other Confederate soldiers.
Bibliography note Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-146) and index.


text:
Team Valenciano broke its own Catholic High School Alumni Fishing Rodeo five-mangrove snapper 'calcutta' record by more than four pounds with these five mangrove snapper weighing an incredible 57.42 pounds. Pictured from left are teammates Chris Roberts, Eric Valenciano, Rudy Valenciano, Marcus Valenciano and Chris Duet. Eric's 13.08-pounder won the division and Robert brought in a 12.99-pounder for second place. Mangrove snapper, along with red snapper, are just two among the snapper species available to add to offshore fishermen's catches during the summer.
ADVOCATE STAFF PHOTO BY JOHN BALLANCE
Louisiana's 'other' snapper species worth a look
BY JOE MACALUSO | jmacaluso@theadvocate.com
Joe Macaluso
Back in the not-so-long-ago days when the recreational red snapper season was dwindling to a very few days, the two-per-angler daily limit was more prized than it is today.
This year's two-snapper per fishermen limit comes with an abundance of days — Friday-through-Sunday openings until Louisiana's 800,000-pound-plus quota is reached — and follows 2018 when our state reached 60 days of allowed red snapper take.
What savvy anglers did back in those reduced seasons was target other species. Off our state's coast, it didn't take those folks long to learn how to catch mangrove snapper — they're labeled gray snapper in federal guidelines — to add to the two red snapper per angler allowance.
Mangrove had a 10-per-day limit, only allowed if a fishermen didn't catch any of the other snapper species lumped in with mangroves for a daily creel.
Those other species included mutton, yellowtail, the giant cuberas, queen and blackfin.
It's not likely anyone around here will find mutton and yellowtail snappers in the western Gulf of Mexico, but, lately, anything's possible.
It's the others, the cuberas (Advocate Outdoors carried a photo of two massive cuberas caught in May), queens and blackfins that occasionally show up in catches.
A handful of years ago, an excited rodeo fishermen hauled in six blackfin snapper to the weigh station, and was mighty proud of his catch of 8-10 pounders.
When the weigh-master asked him if he knew what the fish were, he said, "red snapper."
The next question was how many did they catch that day, and the angler said they returned many more to the water while trying to catch something other than snappers.
Well, the telltale black spots around the pectoral fins clearly identified these fish as blackfins, and you can imagine his disappointed look when he was told he could have kept 24 more for his daily creel limit, but only if he didn't have any of the other snappers in that group.
It's relatively easy to know a mangrove: its deep mahogany color; cuberas have elongated teeth and are darker than red snapper; and, queens have an elongated tail and are among the most strikingly beautiful fish living in the Gulf.
There are two additional groups of snappers with extended daily limits.
The first combine vermilion and lane snappers, and there's a 20-per-day limit on this combo.
Around here vermilions are called "beeliners," because of small, but visible dark lines running the length of the fish.
Lane snappers are beautiful, too, with alternating yellow and red vertical bars from dorsal fin to a white belly, and a black spot on its back just under the end of the dorsal fin.
The second combines wenchman and silk snappers. Unlike the others, these have no size limits, and a combined 10-per-day limit.
What this means to recreational fishermen is they must know what they're catching before the fish hits the ice chest — and they must know size restrictions on each of the snappers.
A quick check is available on the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council's website: gulfcouncil.org.
Once there, go to "fishing regulations," then click on "federal fishing regulations," then click on the box "2019 Recreational Regulations."
A list of the snapper species, size and daily creel limits, and, most importantly, an image of each of these fish is contained in the first few pages of the regulations.
While you're at it, check out the other rules and regs for other species, including other reef fish and sharks.
The update
Through the first three weekends of the recreational red snapper season, LA Creel's estimates reached 200,890 pounds, or nearly 25 percent of the quota for this year.
The Fourth of July weekend, July 4-7, is the only four-day open season in the foreseeable future. Otherwise, the red snapper season, again, is Fridays through Sundays.
La Creel
Snapper Species
Follow Joe Macaluso


If you are a big fan of Google Nexus 6 and keen to know about it, then you should eye on this infographic. There are so many rumors about the device in the market but we described genuine specifications here in the infographic.
If you want to more about this, then you must check nexus-vi.com. We tried to put all the specifications including curved or 3D display, water resistant technology, octa core processor technology, ultra pixel camera features, performance and many more. We are not sure about its launching date, but will update you soon with latest infographic.
If you like our infographic, then let us know in comments.


The topic of this page has a wiki of its own: LIZ Wikia.
Elizabeth Nicole Abrams, known under both LIZ Y2K and LIZ, is an American indie pop artist.
↑ White, Caitlin (April 9, 2014). "CRUSHING ON LIZ: HERE'S HER VIDEO FOR "ALL THEM BOYS"". NOISEY. http://noisey.vice.com/blog/crushing-on-liz-heres-her-video-for-all-them-boys. Retrieved July 5, 2015.


The livery driver went out to get a drink of water and did not come home.
his head and led him away without saying a word,? said his wife, Resuangul.
them,? Li Zhi, the top Communist Party official in Urumqi, said July 8.
who have often had an uneasy relationship with China?s Han majority.
make up more than 70 percent of the 2.3 million residents.
they gave refuge to Han neighbors.
?This is not a safe place,? said Mao Daqing, the local police chief.
human trash,? one man said, spitting on the ground.
on the day of the troubles,? he said, holding up photos of his sons.
?They are good, honest boys.?
against what they called ?religious extremists and separatists.?
secretary, described the crackdown as a ?life and death? struggle.
religious and political freedoms. Trials, they say, are often cursory.
research fellow at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.
Chinese Human Rights Defenders, an advocacy group.
center of Urumqi to demand the men?s release.
authorities have refused to provide information about their whereabouts.
like everyone else,? she said.
Ms. Palachi spoke, more than 10 people gathered to share similar accounts.
and the next day we will disappear, too.?
arrived with a lecture and a warning.


text:
Q: Save cell name and use it later for range This is a very basic Excel VBA macro question.
I want to save the current cell to a variable.
And later want to use that variable to select a range of that cell into 4 adjacent cells.
So far I have:
Dim StartCell As Object
Set StartCell = ActiveCell
Range("StartCell.Name:StartCell.Name.Offset(0,4)").Select

Obviously it is not working.
Can anyone help me please?

A: This should work.
Dim StartCell As Range
Set StartCell = ActiveCell
StartCell.Resize(1,4).Select


Get exclusive Finest Buy coupon codes from Best Buy for MacBooks, cameras, flash drives, and more. Beginning Sunday, customers can go to a Finest Purchase store and trade in a laptop working Windows XP. Best Purchase will offer clients $100 credit score that can be utilized within the buy of a new Windows machine, a Chromebook pc or an Apple Mac.
Throughout this identical dialog, our secret shopper says the salesperson additionally instructed her that the producer's warranty was out of date" and had been replaced computers for dummies for seniors" with Finest Buy service contracts (which she would need to pay for, after all, and that were not included within the optimization value).
So now I understand I've to buy this RX550 four GIG to make my computer in a position to render High End 3d Models in substance painter 2. I wait every week till next payday go back to BestBuy and buy basically the same video card I have at dwelling already however smaller.
When you're frightened about your new laptop computer becoming out of date soon after you buy it, it is advisable ensure that the model you get has both an Intel eighth Gen Core or an AMD Ryzen Cell processor inside.
To promote employee compliance with this coverage, Best Buy voluntarily developed and implemented a system in all stores offering for special prompts at money registers when M-rated video or computer games are being bought.
Nevertheless, determining the most effective laptop isn't as simple as proclaiming 'probably the most powerful computer' or 'the most Business costly computer.' Once we created this list, we did so acknowledging that the best computers strike a balance between worth and efficiency.
For example, in the event you buy a laptop with a two 12 months guarantee and it fails in the third 12 months, you may then contact your credit card company they usually'd cowl the cost of fixing or changing it. Verify your bank card's advantages and positive print for more data.


You can offer proof to agents and publishers that you can promote yourself and your writing.
Before work is even published, you can gain a following of potential readers.
You will learn about national and international events and opportunities.
You may be invited to take part in literary events or know of chances to apply to.
You will be part of a large supportive community where one another's achievements are celebrated.
When writing in solitude you will feel less alone knowing that you are amongst a network of others doing the same thing.
You will often be inspired by other stories of success and the 'sharing' of inspirational quotes and anecdotes.
Which social media platform(s) do you wish to frequent? Instagram is pictorial and largely appeals to under 25's. Twitter is advantageous for those short of time as the maximum Tweet only allows for 160 characters. Facebook is now largely used by people over 35.
Are you planning to host a website? This is a necessity. Readers need somewhere they can learn more about you and buy your book.
Business cards. You need to have something to be able to give out to people who show an interest in you and your work. Don't rely on them to be able to remember your name. Better still, take theirs.
Have some generic questions prepared to ask of other writers. Networking is a two-way street and you will stick in someone's mind when you show an interest in them and their work.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Efficient allocation of radio resources is necessary for both improving users' satisfaction and decreasing operators' expenditures. In-band full-duplex (IBFD) communications is a promising technology to improve both spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE)  in cellular wireless networks~\cite{2,3}. In IBFD communications, the ability to send and receive data simultaneously in one frequency band, can almost double the spectrum efficiency and may be exploited for reducing systems' total power consumption. Nevertheless, as the result of increase in frequency reuse factor, intensified interference, specially self-interference (SI), is a major challenge in IBFD communications. Thus, interference management achieved through precise control of network resources plays a key role in improving SE and EE when IBFD communications are employed.

There are a plethora of literature that are focused on IBFD communications in cellular networks. In many of these works such as \cite{4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, system
throughput maximization is investigated while in some others, for instance \cite{12} and \cite{13}, network energy consumption
minimization is addressed. The problem of joint subchannel and power allocation in a network with one full-duplex base station (BS) and multiple half-duplex (HD) user equipment is considered in \cite{4,5,6}. In \cite{4}, after relaxing the binary subchannel allocation variables into continuous ones, an iterative resource allocation algorithm is developed. The algorithm proposed in \cite{5} is based on decomposition and power control is addressed only after subchannel allocation policy  using a heuristic approach. In the iterative algorithm proposed in \cite{6}, subchannel assignment is determined using gradient method and power allocation is obtained after deriving a lower bound for the rate functions. In \cite{7},~subchannel assignment, power control, and duplexing mode selection are addressed using two heuristic algorithms, while in \cite{8}, only the problem of power allocation is addressed when both SI and cross-tier interference are taken into account. Furthermore, the authors in \cite{9} investigate the resource allocation algorithm for multicarrier non orthogonal multiple access systems employing a FD-BS and HD users.~Then,~a monotonic optimization is employed to find the joint power and subchannel
in order to maximize the network throughput. In \cite{11},~resource allocation schemes are proposed for EE maximization in the downlink (DL) of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) cellular networks with energy harvesting capability is proposed where the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and fractional
programming. The resource allocation for multiuser network incorporating full-duplex multi-antenna BSs is studied in \cite{13}, where the objective is to minimize the total
power consumption through jointly optimizing the downlink beamformer, uplink transmit power and antenna selection at BSs.

Multi-objective optimization has also been studied in previous literature in order to strike a balance between the considered competing objectives. In \cite{14}, resource allocation
for obtaining the tradeoff between EE and SE in a single-link network is addressed.  In the absence of interference, since the rate function is convex, the tradeoff between the aforementioned objective functions, is achieved through a simple algorithm, using the weighted sum method.~The tradeoff between EE and SE in an FD network where the users operate in HD mode is investigated for two models of residual self interference~(RSI),~namely,~the constant~RSI and the linear RSI model~\cite{15}.
In \cite{16}, IBFD communications in a single cell network with FD BS and HD users is considered. The goal of the modeled multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) is to derive a trade-off between minimizing DL and uplink (UL) transmit power and maximizing harvested energy. This problem is then optimally solved using semi-definite program
relaxation.

In the above context, the contributions of our paper can be summarized as follows:
		\begin{itemize}
		\item We investigate the problem of joint subchannel and power allocation to strike a balance between EE and SE in an OFDMA network.~This is in contrast with other existing literature such as \cite{4}-\cite{10}, in which the objective function is system throughput maximization or \cite{13} which focuses, solely, on minimizing system's total power consumption.

		\item Contrary to \cite{8},  in this paper, we take both subchannel and power allocation problems into account and unlike the proposed algorithms in \cite{5,6,7}, we jointly optimize the aforementioned variables and obtain the resource allocation scheme in a single step.
		\item We take users' QoS into account and a minimum data rate is guaranteed for each user both in uplink (UL) and DL. This is unlike \cite{4}-\cite{7},~and \cite{9}~in which users' QoS requirement is completely neglected.
	\end{itemize}

\section{System Model and Assumptions}
We consider an IBFD OFDMA network with one macro base station (MBS) and $N$ users, which are all capable of performing IBFD communication. We assume that the entire frequency band is partitioned into $K$ subcarriers each with bandwidth $\omega$. Furthermore, the set of users and subcarriers are denoted by $\mathcal{N}$ and $\mathcal{K}$, respectively. It is considered that all the subcarriers are perfectly orthogonal to one another and no inter-subcarrier interference exists. We further assume that a subcarrier is exclusively assigned for the communications of a single user in both UL and DL. The subcarrier allocation variable is denoted by $a_{n,k}$ where
\begin{equation}
a_{n,k} = \begin{cases}
1, & \text{if subcarrier $k$ is assigned to user \textit{n}}, \\
0, & \text{otherwise}.
\end{cases}
\end{equation}

Moreover, $h^\mathrm{dl}_{n,k}$ and $h^\mathrm{ul}_{n,k}$ represent the channel coefficient of user $n$ in subcarrier $k$ in DL and UL, respectively. The DL SINR of user $n$ in subcarrier $k$ is defined as:
\begin{equation}
\gamma_{n,k}^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) = \frac{p_{n,k} h^\mathrm{dl}_{n,k}}{q_{n,k} \Delta_\mathrm{u} + \sigma^2},
\end{equation}
where $\sigma^2$ and $\Delta_\mathrm{u}$ denote the noise density and SI-cancellation factor of user devices, respectively, and $p_{n,k}$ and $q_{n,k}$ are the DL and UL transmit power of user $n$ in subchannel $k$, in that order. Furthermore, we have $\mathbf{p}_{n}=[p_{n,1},...,p_{n,k}]$ and  $\mathbf{q}_{n}=[q_{n,1},...,q_{n,k}]$.

Since subcarrier $k$ is used for communications of user $n$ in both directions, UL and DL signals will interfere with one another, which results in SI. In equation (2), $q_{n,k} \Delta_\mathrm{u}$,  is the term that represents this residual SI in DL. Similarly, we define the UL SINR of user $n$ in subcarrier $k$ as:
\begin{equation}
\gamma_{n,k}^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) = \frac{ q_{n,k} h^\mathrm{ul}_{n,k}}{p_{n,k} \Delta_\mathrm{bs} + \sigma^2},
\end{equation}
with $\Delta_\mathrm{bs}$ denoting SI-cancellation factor of MBS.

The data rate of user $n$ in subcarrier $k$ in DL and UL are:
\begin{equation}\label{rate}
r_{n,k}^\mathrm{dl} (\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) = a_{n,k}~\omega\log_2{(1+\gamma_{n,k}^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n))},
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}\label{rate}
r_{n,k}^\mathrm{ul} (\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) = a_{n,k}~\omega\log_2{(1+\gamma_{n,k}^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n))},
\end{equation}
respectively, where $\mathbf{a}_{n}=[a_{n,1},...,a_{n,k}]$. Accordingly, the total data rate of user $n$ in DL is:
\begin{equation}\label{totalrateuser}
R_n^\mathrm{dl} (\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) =\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}}{r_{n,k}^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)}.
\end{equation}

Similar to (6), the total data rate of user $n$ in UL, denoted by $R_n^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)$, is obtained as $
R_n^\mathrm{ul} (\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) =\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}}{r_{n,k}^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)}.$
The total throughput of system is given by
\begin{equation}\label{R^T}
R^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) = \sum_{n \in \mathcal{N}} \big(R_{n}^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)+R_{n}^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)\big),
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{p}=\text{vec}[\mathbf{p}_{1},...,\mathbf{p}_{n}]$,~$\mathbf{q}=\text{vec}[\mathbf{q}_{1},...,\mathbf{q}_{n}]$, and $\mathbf{a}=\text{vec}[\mathbf{a}_{1},...,\mathbf{a}_{n}]$.

To compute the total energy consumption of network, we use the following energy consumption model in which both transmit power consumption and circuit energy consumption of devices are taken into account, and there are coefficients that represent the efficiency of power amplifiers in network devices
\begin{equation}\label{energy}
\begin{aligned}
E^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) = &\sum_{n \in N}\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}} a_{n,k}(\frac{1}{\kappa}p_{n,k}+\frac{1}{\psi}q_{n,k})\\
&+ N P^\mathrm{u}_\mathrm{c}+P_c^\mathrm{MBS}.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
In (\ref{energy}), $P^\mathrm{u}_\mathrm{c}$ and $P^\mathrm{MBS}_\mathrm{c}$ denote the circuit energy consumption of user device and MBS, respectively, and $\kappa$ and $\psi$ are power amplifier efficiency in MBS and user device, in that order.
Let us define EE as the ratio of system throughput to the corresponding network energy consumption, and denote it by $\eta_{EE}(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})$, where
\begin{equation}
\eta_{EE}(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) = \frac{R^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})}{E^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})}.
\end{equation}
Moreover,is defined as follows
\begin{equation}
	 \eta_{SE}(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) = \frac{R^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})}{W},
	 \end{equation}
where $W$ denotes the total bandwidth.

\section{Problem Statement}

The problem of joint subcarrier and power allocation for maximizing EE and SE under QoS and maximum transmit power constraints, is formally stated as:
\begin{equation}\label{first}
\begin{aligned}
&\max_{\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}} \eta_{EE}(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})\\
&\max_{\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}}\eta_{SE}(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})\\
\text{s.t.}~&C_1: \sum_{n \in \mathcal{N}}\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}} a_{n,k} p_{n,k}\leq p_\mathrm{max},\\
&C_2: \sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}} a_{n,k} q_{n,k} \leq p^\mathrm{u}_\mathrm{max},~\forall n\in \mathcal{N},\\
&C_3: R_n^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) \geq R_\mathrm{min}^\mathrm{dl},~ \forall n\in \mathcal{N},\\
&C_4: R_n^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{a}_n,~\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) \geq R_\mathrm{min}^\mathrm{ul},~ \forall n\in \mathcal{N},\\
&C_5: \sum_{n \in \mathcal{N}} a_{n,k}\leq 1,~ \forall k\in \mathcal{K},\\
&C_6: a_{n,k}\in \{0,1\},~ \forall n\in\mathcal{N}, \forall k \in \mathcal{K}.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

In the MOOP (\ref{first}), constraints $C_1$ and $C_2$ are related to  transmit power feasibility. Constraint $C_1$ indicates that the total transmit power of MBS should not exceed its maximum threshold which is denoted by $p_\mathrm{max}$, and $C_2$ restricts users maximum transmit power to $p_\mathrm{max}^\mathrm{u}$. In constraints $C_3$ and $C_4$, a minimum rate requirement is guaranteed for each user in DL,~$R_\mathrm{min}^\mathrm{dl}$, and UL, $R_\mathrm{min}^\mathrm{ul}$, respectively. Constraint $C_5$ indicates that each subchannel can be allocated to at most one user and in $C_6$, the binary nature of subchannel allocation variable is implied.

Due to the binary subchannel allocation variables and the interference included in rate function, problem (\ref{first}) is a mixed-integer non-linear program (MINLP) which is generally difficult to solve.
In the following section, we restate problem (11) as an equivalent MOOP, whose purpose is to maximize system throughput and minimize energy consumption, simultaneously.

\section{Proposed Solution}

As given in (9), EE is the ratio of throughput and energy consumption and note that $R^{T}=\eta_{SE}W$,~therefore, we can write $\eta_{EE}=\frac{\eta_{SE}W}{E^{T}}$.~It is straightforward to deduct that maximization of $\eta_{EE}(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})$ is equivalent to maximizing $R^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})$ while minimizing $E^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})$, simultaneously~\cite{14}. To this end, we reformulate (\ref{first}) as an equivalent MOOP that is given in (\ref{second}):

\begin{equation}\label{second}
\begin{aligned}
&f_1: \min_{\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}}~E^{T}(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})\\
&f_2: \max_{\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}}~R^{T}(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})\\
&\text{s.t.} ~~C_1 - C_6.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

The first objective of the optimization problem (\ref{second}), $f_1$, is to minimize system energy consumption, and the second one, $f_2$, is to maximize system's throughput and its constraint set is the same as that of (\ref{first}).

Even though the MOOP (\ref{second}) contains two competing objective functions, we can still find a solution for it that satisfies the predefined conditions of Pareto optimal fronts,~here,~we employ $\epsilon$-constraint method~\cite{11} by keeping $f_{1}$ as as the primary objective function and moving $f_{2}$ to the constraint set The new optimization problem would be:
\begin{equation}\label{third}
\begin{aligned}
&f_1:~\min_{\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}}E^{T}(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})\\
\text{s.t.}~
& C_0: R^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) \geq \epsilon,\\
&C_1 - C_6.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

Due to the multiplication of variables, $\mathbf{a}$, $\mathbf{p}$, and $\mathbf{q}$, it is still non-convex and thus challenging to address. Furthermore, $C_0$, requires the total throughput of system to be greater that $\epsilon$. It is obvious that the feasibility of (\ref{third}) as well as the the closeness of its solution to the solution of problem (\ref{first}), greatly depend on the value of $\epsilon$. This fact turns $\epsilon$ into a sensitive parameter, whose value should be carefully estimated. Moreover, we are still faced with the same challenges in dealing with the non-convex constraint set of (\ref{first}).

In order to address the non-convex optimization problem (\ref{third}), we first deal with the problem of variables multiplication in constraints $C_1$ and $C_2$. In the left-hand side of these constraints, it is implied that if subchannel $k$ is not allocated to user $n$ ($a_{n,k} =0 $), the transmit power of this user over $k$ should be zero in both UL and DL ($p_{n,k}=q_{n,k}=0$). Based on this explanation, we can restate $C_1$ and $C_2$ as follows:
\begin{align}
&C'_1: \sum_{n \in \mathcal{N}}\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}} p_{n,k}\leq p_\mathrm{max},\\
&C''_1: p_{n,k} \leq a_{n,k}p_\mathrm{max},\\
&C'_2: \sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}} q_{n,k}\leq p^\mathrm{u}_\mathrm{max},\\
&C''_2: q_{n,k} \leq a_{n,k}p^\mathrm{u}_\mathrm{max}.
\end{align}

Another challenge in solving (\ref{third}) is the integer subcarrier allocation variable, $a_{n,k}$. This binary variable turns (\ref{third}) into a MINLP, which is difficult to solve in an acceptable timespan. To address this issue, we take an approach similar to \cite{9,20}, and replace constraint $C_6$ with the following inequalities:
\begin{align}
&C'_6: 0 \leq a_{n,k} \leq 1,~\forall n\in \mathcal{N}, \forall k \in \mathcal{K},\\
&C''_6: \sum_{n\in \mathcal{N}}\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}}a_{n,k} -a^2_{n,k}\leq 0.
\end{align}

As the last step in converting the constraint set of problem (\ref{third}) into a convex set, we should deal with the non-convex rate functions,  $R_n^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)$ and $R_n^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)$. Let us rewrite $R_n^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)$ as follows:
\begin{equation}
R_n^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) = f^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n}) - g^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n}),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
f^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf {p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n}) =\sum_{k \in {\mathcal{K}}}  \log_2 (p_{n,k}h^\mathrm{dl}_{n,k}+q_{n,k}\Delta_\mathrm{u}+\sigma^2),
\end{equation}
and,
\begin{equation}
g^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{q}_{n}) = \sum_{k \in {\mathcal{K}}} \log_2 (q_{n,k}\Delta_\mathrm{u}+\sigma^2).
\end{equation}

The equality given in (20) consists of two concave functions, $f^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n})$ and $g^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{q}_{n})$. However, the subtraction of these concave functions is not necessarily convex. To tackle this issue, we find a convex approximation for $R_n^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_{n}, \mathbf{q}_{n})$ by using majorization minimization (MM) method~\cite{18}. In this method, a series of surrogate functions are constructed that approximate the originally non-convex function. Here, we use Taylor approximation for constructing our surrogate function. To do so, in iteration number $t$ we will have:

\begin{equation}\label{tildeg}
\tilde{g}^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{q}_{n}) = g_{n}^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{q}_{n}^{t-1})+\nabla_\mathbf{q}g^T(\mathbf{q}^{t-1}). (\mathbf{q}-\mathbf{q}^{t-1}).
\end{equation}

Based on (\ref{tildeg}), we define the convex approximation of DL rate function, ${R}_n^\mathrm{dl}(\textbf{p}_n,~\textbf{q}_n)$, as:
\begin{equation}
\tilde{R}_n^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) = f^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n}) - \tilde{g}^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{q}_{n}).
\end{equation}

Since $\tilde{g}^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{q}_{n})$ is an affine function and $f^\mathrm{dl}_{n}(\mathbf{p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n})$ is convex, $\tilde{R}_n^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n})$ is a convex approximation of ${R}_n^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n})$.
Similarly, the approximate UL data rate would be:
\begin{equation}
\tilde{R}_n^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n) = f^\mathrm{ul}_{n}(\mathbf{p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n}) - \tilde{g}^\mathrm{ul}_{n}(\mathbf{p}_{n}),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
f^\mathrm{ul}_{n}(\mathbf {p}_{n},~\mathbf{q}_{n}) =\sum_{k \in {\mathcal{K}}}  \log_2 (q_{n,k}h^\mathrm{ul}_{n,k}+p_{n,k}\Delta_\mathrm{bs}+\sigma^2),
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\tilde{g}^\mathrm{ul}_{n}(\mathbf{p}_{n}) = g_{n}^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{p}_{n}^{t-1})+\nabla_\mathbf{p}g^T(\mathbf{p}^{t-1}). (\mathbf{p}-\mathbf{p}^{t-1}),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
g^\mathrm{ul}_{n}(\mathbf{p}_{n}) = \sum_{k \in {\mathcal{K}}} \log_2 (p_{n,k}\Delta_\mathrm{bs}+\sigma^2).
\end{equation}

Regarding the above transformations, we define the approximate total data rate of system as:
\begin{equation}
\tilde{R}^{T}(\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) = \sum_{n \in \mathcal{N}} (\tilde{R}_n^\mathrm{dl}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)+ \tilde{R}_n^\mathrm{ul}(\mathbf{p}_n,~\mathbf{q}_n)).
\end{equation}

After these modifications, the resulting optimization problem would be:
\begin{equation}\label{last-1}
\begin{aligned}
&\min_{\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}}E^{T}(\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})\\
\text{s.t.~}
&C_0: \tilde{R}^{T}(\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})\geq \epsilon\\
&C'_1,~C''_1,~C'_2,~C''_2,~C_5,~C'_6,~C''_6\\
&C_3: \tilde{R}_n^{dl}(\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) \geq R_\mathrm{min}^\mathrm{dl},~ \forall n\in \mathcal{N},\\
&C_4: \tilde{R}_n^{ul}(\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) \geq R_\mathrm{min}^\mathrm{ul},~ \forall n\in \mathcal{N},\\
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

 Since constraint $C_6''$ is concave and greater or equal to zero, (\ref{last-1}) does not comply with the standard form of a convex optimization problem. To deal with this issue and facilitate the solution design, we remove constraint $C_6''$ from the constraint set of problem (\ref{last-1}) and add it as a penalty function\footnote{In fact, $\lambda$ acts as a penalty factor to penalize the objective function when $a_{n,k}$ is not binary value.}, with a weighting factor denoted by $\lambda$, to the objective function. After this modification, we will have:
\begin{equation}\label{last+1}
\begin{aligned}
&\min_{\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}} ~E^T(\mathbf{p},\mathbf{q})+\lambda\Big(\sum_{n \in \mathcal{N}}\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}}\big(a_{n,k}-a_{n,k}^2\big)\Big)\\
\text{s.t.:}~& C_0,~C'_1,~C''_1,~C'_2,~C''_2,~C_3,~C_4,~C_5,~C'_6.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

 \noindent
 \textbf{Remark:}

   It can be easily demonstrated that the optimization problem (\ref{last+1})~is equivalent to (\ref{last-1}). For more details, refer to \cite{9},~\cite{20}.

 To tackle the non-convexity of objective function in the above problem, we first rewrite the objective function as:
\begin{equation}
e( \mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) = e_1( \mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) - \lambda e_2(\mathbf{a}),
\end{equation}
where $e_1( \mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})=E^T(\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})+\lambda \big(\sum_{n \in \mathcal{N}}\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}}a_{n,k}\big)$ and
$e_2(\mathbf{a})=\big(\sum_{n \in \mathcal{N}}\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}}a_{n,k}^{2}\big)$. Now we use a similar approach that was previously explained for approximation of the rate functions, and estimate $e_2(\mathbf{a})$ as:
\begin{equation}\label{four}
\begin{aligned}
\tilde{e_2}(\mathbf{\mathbf{a}})= e_2(\mathbf{a}^{t-1})+\nabla_{\mathbf{a}} e_2^T(\mathbf{a}^{t-1})(\mathbf{a}-\mathbf{a}^{t-1}).
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

Eventually, the resulting convex optimization problem would be:
\begin{equation}\label{last}
\begin{aligned}
&\min_{\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}}e_1(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}) - \lambda \tilde{e}_2(\mathbf{a})\\
& \text{s.t.}~C_0,~C'_1,~C''_1,~C'_2,~C''_2,~C_3,~C_4,~C_5,~C'_6.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

The optimization problem (\ref{last}) is a convex optimization problem. In order to solve this problem and obtain a locally optimal solution for problem (\ref{third}), here we employ the difference of convex functions (DC) programming \cite{19}.

\noindent
\textbf{Proposition}:

	 The solution obtained for (\ref{last}) by incorporating DC approximation at the end of each iteration, is a locally optimal solution for the original problem (\ref{first}).

It should be noted that, constraint $C_0$ in optimization problem (\ref{last}) asserts that the total throughput of network, $\tilde{R}^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})$, should be greater than or equal to $\epsilon$. To further clarify the impact of $\epsilon$ on the optimization problem (\ref{last}), let us consider the three following cases:
\begin{itemize}
	\item[i.]if $\epsilon = 0$, optimization problem (\ref{last}) would turn into the problem of minimizing system's energy consumption.
	\item[ii.] if $\epsilon = R_\mathrm{max}$, assuming $R_\mathrm{max}$ is the maximum system throughput, the solution obtained for (\ref{last}) would be the solution of network throughput maximization problem.
	\item[iii.]  if $\epsilon \geq R_\mathrm{max}$, the optimization problem (\ref{last}) would be infeasible.
\end{itemize}

Regarding the above cases, it can be easily deducted that the optimization problem (\ref{last}) and its obtained solution are very sensitive to the value of $\epsilon$ and through this parameter, a trade-off between system's throughput and aggregate energy consumption can be derived.

From cases (i) and (ii), we can perceive that the maximum value that $\epsilon$ can take without making (\ref{last}) infeasible is $R_\mathrm{max}$. Since $R_{\max}$ is maximum system throughput, we can obtain its value by solving the following optimization problem:
\begin{equation}\label{R_max}
\begin{aligned}
&\max_{\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q}}\tilde{R}^{T}(\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})-\lambda\Big( \big(\sum_{n \in \mathcal{N}}\sum_{k\in \mathcal{K}}a_{n,k}\big)-\tilde{e}_2(\mathbf{a})\Big)\\
 \text{s.t.}~&C'_1,~C''_1,~C'_2,~C''_2,~C_3,~C_4,~C_5,~C'_6,
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
which is in fact the optimization problem of maximizing system's throughput.
By solving problem (\ref{R_max}), the maximum value of $\epsilon$ would be determined.

Since different values of $\epsilon$ result in different trade-offs between system's throughput and energy consumption,~we should find a value for $\epsilon$ that corresponds to the maximum $\tilde{R}^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})$ to $E^T(\mathbf{a},~\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})$ ratio. To find this specific value of $\epsilon$, we use the equality below:
\begin{equation}\label{eps}
\epsilon = \delta R_\mathrm{max},
\end{equation}
where $\delta$ is a positive value in the range of ($0,1$]. Depending on the value of $\delta$, the ratio between system's throughput and energy consumption varies; however, for a specific $\delta$ this ratio reaches a maximum value.
\begin{table}
  \centering
\caption{simulation parameters}
\label{Simulation Parameters}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\hline
{\bf Parameter} & {\bf Value} \\ \hline \hline
{Cell radius} & $350$ m \\
Number of users & $10$\\
 Number of sub-channels & \{$16,32,64$\} \\
Noise power ($\sigma^{2}$) & {$-120$} dBm \\
{Path-loss exponent } & {$3$} \\
 {$P_c^\textnormal{u}$} & {$0.1$ W} \\
 {$P_m^\textnormal{MBS}$} & {$1$ W} \\
 {$\kappa$}&{38\%}\\
 {$\psi$}&{20\%}\\
$p_{\textrm{max}}$ & {$42$ dBm} \\
$p_{\textrm{max}}^{u}$ & {$23$ dBm} \\
$R_{\textrm{min}}^{dl}$ & $5$ bps/Hz \\
$R_{\textrm{min}}^{ul}$ & $2.5$ bps/Hz \\
$\lambda$ & $10^{6}$\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{Simulation Results}

We evaluate the performance of our proposed resource allocation algorithm through extensive simulations. In our simulations, we consider a macrocell with radius $350$ m and $K=64$ subchannels. We further assume that there are $N=10$ users that communicate in IBFD mode. The channel gain between a transmitter and a receiver is calculated using independent and identically distributed Rayleigh flat fading and the figures shown in this section are obtained by calculating the average of results over different realizations of path loss as well as multipath fading. Without loose of generality we assume that BS and users' SI-cancellation factors are the same and $\Delta_\mathrm{u}$ = $\Delta_\mathrm{bs}$ = $\Delta$ = -90 dB.~The rest of the simulation parameters are given in Table I.

We first examine the effect of SI-cancellation factor, $\Delta$, on energy efficiency of IBFD networks. In Fig. 1, system energy efficiency vs. $\delta$  for different values of $\Delta$ is presented. We also draw a comparison between EE of IBFD communications and that of HD in Fig. 1. For HD case, we assume that half of the existing subchannels are reserved for DL and the other half for UL communications, exclusively. Due to the concavity of rate functions in HD communications (because of the absence of interference), we use Dinklebach method to obtain the solution of joint subchannel and power allocation for EE maximization problem in a HD single cell network.

As observed in Fig. 1, by decreasing $\Delta$, system EE would increase. This is due to the fact that lower values of $\Delta$ correspond to lower SI and thus higher EE. Furthermore, in each IBFD case, for a specific $\delta$, EE reaches its peak and then decreases. However, the value of $\delta$ for which the maximum EE is obtained, varies from one case to another. For instance, when $\Delta = -90$ dB, for $\delta = 0.7$ the maximum EE is achieved while for $\Delta = -70$ dB, system EE peaks in $\delta = 0.6$. This observation can be explained by considering the amount of data rate that a user can attain by consuming a unit of energy. When $\Delta = -90$ dB, because of the lower SI, user would be able to achieve a notable data rate, even while transmitting with a nominal transmit power. In this case, since the substantial growth in system throughput is worth the slight increase in system power consumption, the $\delta$ for which the maximum EE is attained leans toward higher values. In contrast, when SI intensity is high, the value of $\delta$ corresponding to the maximum EE would get closer to lower values of $\delta$. Another important observation in Fig. 1  is the superiority of IBFD communications' performance compared to HD. Note that as $\delta$ gets closer to its optimal value (in peaks), the EE achieved using IBFD becomes higher than EE of HD. This improved performance is the results of the higher flexibility of spectrum usage in IBFD communications.

 \begin{figure}

\includegraphics[width=9cm,height=5cm]{Fig_d.eps}
	\caption{System energy efficiency vs. $\delta$ for different $\Delta$}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
\includegraphics[width=9cm,height=5cm]{Fig_ee_se.eps}

	\caption{EE vs. SE}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}

\includegraphics[width=9cm,height=5cm]{Fig_r_p.eps}
	\caption{System throughput vs. system energy consumption}
\end{figure}

In Fig. 2, the trend of system EE with respect to system
throughput is illustrated. In this figure, we notice that as the
throughput of network increases, EE steadily grows and then
sharply decreases with it. In fact, system throughput is by
itself a function of system transmit power, thus any increase
in throughput also means more energy consumption. Since EE
is the ratio of system throughput to energy consumption, when
the cost of rise in system total data rate, which is the amount
of energy consumed in system, becomes far greater than the
gain we achieve by it, system EE starts to decline with any
increase in network throughput.

In Fig. 3, we can see the rate of change in system throughput
with respect to variations of system energy consumption for
different number of subchannels. It is evident that for
all cases, any small increase in system energy consumption
results in a considerable increase in system throughput. This
growth becomes more notable as the number of subchannels
in the system increases, which is due to the existence of more
available subchannels that can be exploited for improving
system throughput. On the other hand, from one specific value
of energy consumption onward, no matter how radical the
change is in energy consumption, the rate of change in system throughput becomes quite subtle. For instance, when $K = 64$,
until $E^{T} (\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})\approx 1.7~W$, the increase in system throughput
is quite remarkable, however, when $E^{T} (\mathbf{p},~\mathbf{q})$ exceeds this
value, this rate of change slows down and system throughput
almost converges. This observation can be explained by taking
the amount of interference that sending with high transmit
power (and thus consuming more energy) would cause, into
account. In fact, even though high transmit power can result
in higher SNR (therefore higher data rate), users' SINR does
not comply with this rule. Meaning, increase in transmit power
may prevail the negative effect of the interference caused by it
up to a point, however, from that point onward, the amount of
interference that such high transmit power engenders, lessens
the rate of increase in system throughput.

\section{Conclusion}

In this paper we investigated the problem of joint subchanel assignment and power control to strike a balance between EE and SE in an OFDMA network with IBFD communications. This problem was formulated as a MOOP in order to maximize system throughput and minimize aggregate power consumption, simultaneously. To obtain all the Pareto fronts in the aforementioned problem, we have used the $\epsilon$-constraint method. Furthermore, in order to tackle the non-convexity of the constraint set, a majorization minimization approach has been used for approximating the non-convex rate functions and a penalty function was introduced to handle the binary subchannel allocation variables. The effectiveness of IBFD communications, as well as the capability of our proposed solution in improving EE as well as SE of network was demonstrated through simulations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Eclipse can compile but not in command line(javac) I'd like to know the way to compile a project which has a dependency.
package a;
import b.B;
class A{
    B b;
}
package b;
import a.A;
class B{
    A a;
}

I have a project which has a dependency like the one seen above.
I tried to compile with javac(in jdk). I've already used the -classpath option, but it doesn't work.
I heard Apache Ant supply this and maybe eclipse uses it. So I think there is no reason that it isn't possible only with java compiler.
I'd like to know the way to compile this with javac (in command line) and, if you know, how apache ant and eclipse work together to compile. Could you tell me the reason??

A: I wonder how can Eclipse compile your code.
Mine can only if I modify the class visibility to public:
a/A.java
package a;

import b.B;

public class A {
    B b;
}

b/B.java
package b;

import a.A;

public class B {
    A a;
}

Compiling from the command line is easy then:
javac a/A.java b/B.java


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text:
Title Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879
Subject Zoology; Periodicals
Scanning Technician Jason VanCott
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ARK ark:/87278/s6rf93qw
Reference URL https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6rf93qw
1879.] OF WESTON-SUPER-MARE. 749 when the fish is hauled up it looks as plump and round as a live fish, but when opened is found full of these parasites. Mr. Dunn subsequently (Sept. 29th) observes, " the statement in the ' Field' is quite in keeping with our knowledge of these fish-lice. W e have no deep-sea long lines in use here ; our deep-sea fishing is done with hand-lines; consequently we have no opportunity of testing the habits of the ' lice' in a like manner with the northern fishermen. But it often happens when a half Mackerel is used as a bait that the lice will in a few minutes scoop out all the fish, leaving nothing but the skeleton and the skin. To a novice, the bait will appear as round and full as when first cast into the sea, so closely packed are the lice in the body, but a hard rap against the side of the boat reveals the secret. They give out a ticking sound when crawling." ZEUS FABER, Linn. John Dory or Doree. I obtained two from the stationary shrimp-nets. This fish has numerous yellow lines taking an irregular horizontal direction along the body, a very light edging to the black lateral blotch, and two darkish lines along both dorsal and anal fins. At the Westminster Aquarium these fish are fed upon Sand-Smelts; and one day, being perhaps more hungry than usual, a Dory was observed to seize a young Bass, which it subsequently devoured. Mr. Saville Kent drew attention to the peculiar manner in which this fish uses its fins, which he, with great justice, likens to that of the dorsal fin in the Pipe-fish, a movement that Dr. J. E. Gray considered resembled the action of the Archimedean screw. This rapid motion affects the soft rays and interradial membrane of the dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins, all, ormerely some, of which may be in motion at the same time. This may be perceived both when they are ascending or descending, or even when lying over on one side ; but they are likewise able to move their fins more slowly, as we generally perceive in fishes. The Dory appears to have been more common this year than usual. Turning to Lord Ducie's captures, I find them in Ballins-kelligBay as follows:-1873, one; 1874, four ; 1876, five; 1877, four; 1878, five; 1879, twenty-seven. CAPROS APER, Linn. The Boar-fish. An example, 5\ inches in length, is in the Weston Museum ; it was brought there alive. Large numbers have been captured this year off the English coast; and Mr. Carrington observes that he has received notices, during June 1879, of their having been taken in various parts of the south and south-east coast of England. At Weymouth and Bournemouth they were not infrequently found dead on the shore. At Sheerness a shrimp-trawler took a dozen at one draught; off Harwich a pair were similarly captured. The Essex fishermen term them ' Red Dorees,' but do not remember observing them in previous years. In the commencement of September, about a dozen were captured in one day on the south coast. Mr. Dunn sent me a fine example from Megavissey, November this year. On
Reference URL https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6rf93qw/249837


Earlier this week I happened to overhear a conversation about digital literacy and the Common Core. The person asking the question was curious what exactly the Common Core Standards said about digital literacy. As I listened to the conversation unfold I found a group of smart, passionate educators focusing all of their attention on access to digital tools. I wasn't surprised.
Over the past few months while leading workshops on digital writing and the Common Core I have observed similar conversations with a variety of educators. The idea of digital literacy often stops at "my students don't have access." This really bothers me for two main reasons. In reality your students do have some access (just look at the results of our recent survey) and if we stop the conversation at access we miss the much larger challenge we will have to tackle – developing instructional models. Simply putting a computer/iPad/netbook in the hands of a child will not meet the digital literacy goals of the Common Core Standards. I have observed technology being used as a powerful component of meaningful instruction and then walked into the room next door and coached the teacher into putting the computers back into the cart. Technology alone is not the answer. To meet the needs of the Common Core Standards, we will have to focus our attention on powerful instructional practices that make strategic use of technology.
First, let's start with this notion of digital literacy. Digital literacy actually is comprised of three components – reading digital text, writing digital text, and developing the technical skills necessary to consume and produce these texts. Often, when the term "digital text" is used people tend to think only of word processing, but digital texts come in a variety of ever-increasing forms including images, slideshows, videos, podcasts, blogs, tweets, Facebook pages, and text messages just to name a few. If the artifact conveys meaning and utilized digital technology to either be produced or consumed, then chances are it's digital text.
Students need to be familiar with the strengths and limitations of various technological tools and mediums and can select those best suited to their communication goals.
These three components are fairly broad, but from my experience working in classrooms, I would say that most students are receiving some instruction that might meet the first two bullets. We still have quite a bit of work to do in this area, but we have at least begun the journey. However, the third bullet is where we really need to pay attention as educators. Can your students make strategic decisions about when it would be most appropriate to use a blog post, video, or podcast to convey their ideas? Do they have knowledge of any of these tools? Do your teachers? Do your teachers and students have access to these types of digital texts in the form of hardware, software, and networking policies?
I would argue that the third bullet actually drives the first two. As informed consumers of digital texts, students must also be informed producers and this must occur across all content areas. In thinking about instructional approaches that will help teachers and students meet these objectives, I'm automatically taken back to Writing Workshop. It is an approach that has been around for decades and often makes almost no use of technology, but it's pretty ingenious and could easily support the development of digital literacy skills across content areas. Realize, I am hardly the first person to come up with this idea and would highly recommend checking out The Digital Writing Workshop by Troy Hicks. Rather than focusing on some sort of magical formulaic approach where the teacher is the font of knowledge, in Writing Workshop students develop writing skills by reading works in a similar genre. As a class, the teacher and students develop a collective definition for the genre and throughout the writing process refer back to mentor texts for strategies and ideas on creating their own pieces. This model easily works whether students are producing persuasive essays, research reports, 30-second public service announcements, or podcasts.
As a class, this group of students has created fourteen ebooks while building research, writing, and technological skills. Through this project they are modeling many of the digital literacy skills and practices called out by the Common Core Standards. All by itself, a technology-rich Writing Workshop may not solve every digital literacy need, but it is an instructional approach we should consider and adapt across content areas. It is important to note that access is still quite important. This particular class has about ten iPads. That means students have to regularly work in triads and do not all have equal access to the technology. However, this class demonstrates that we can all begin our digital literacy journey with the resources we currently have in place while simultaneously developing plans to increase the level of technology to support every student.


text:
Legonmycin is a compound that belongs to the pyrrolizidine backbone of naturally occurring alkaloids. Discovered by a joint team of  researchers from University of Ghana, University of Aberdeen and Wuhan University, the compound was isolated from microorganisms at Legon (a suburb of Accra), and occurs in two forms; Legonmycin A and Legonmycin B.

References

Aminoglycoside antibiotics
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Medicinal chemistry
Pharmacology