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Glossary of automotive terms
(ABS) - Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
Braking systems that sense wheel rotation and automatically "pump" the brakes for the driver in emergency braking conditions. The pumping and the prevention of wheel lockup allow the driver to retain steering capabilities during the braking emergency.
(AC) Air-conditioning
Introduced during the 1930's in USA by Packard, air conditioning added a level of comfort to driving through the use of a compressor and condensing unit to chill air and distribute through the cab of the vehicle.
Air is used to compress and decompress calipers at the wheel helping vehicles stop. Usually used in larger vehicles such as trucks and tractors.
Air Injection Systems
Used to reduce exhaust emissions. Injecting fresh air into the engine exhaust ports, combined with the high heat present in the exhaust manifold, causes the burning up of leftover fuel vapors.
Aerodynamic vehicles claim to offer increased performance and reduced wind noise while moving.
Any non-steel road wheel. Mostly aluminum, but technically a mixture of two or more metals.
May be alcohol-based, such as ethanol or methanol; compressed natural gas; or combinations of gasoline and alcohol.
Tires designed to provide good traction in winter snow and slush without wearing too quickly on dry roads.
Anti-sway Bar
A suspension component that improves the way a vehicle handles. A steel rod or tube that connects the left and right suspension members to resist roll or swaying of the vehicle.
Vertical roof support between the windshield and front edge of the front side window.
A system that varies the power and torque to a drivetrain without the use of a manual clutch.
An Electrical component of the engine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy for the purpose of charging the car battery and running all electrical items in an automobile.
B-pillar
Vertical metal roof support between front and rear side windows on the side of the vehicle.
Back Pressure
The pressure produced by restrictions or malfunctions in an exhaust system. It affects the rate at which exhaust gases are extracted from the cylinders and can have adverse effects on engine power.
A dynamic joint of ball-and-socket configuration used in the steering and suspension systems.
Engine cylinder diameter that relates to that of the piston stoke length.
A hydraulic piston assembly that holds disc-brake pads around disc and compresses to slow rate of speed.
Replaceable piece of backing plate mounted on the caliper of the braking system.
Shiny metal disk that brake pads squeeze to slow the motion of the vehicle.
A curved, replaceable piece of friction material used on drum brakes. The wheel cylinder pushes the brake shoes against the brake drum.
Boxer Engine
The cylinders are opposite (180 degrees apart) from each other. Also called flat heads or flat top engines, these are relatively flat compared V styled engines.
C-pillar
The vertical metal roof support between the side edge of the rear windshield.
An irregularly shaped disc whose rotation creates a rocking motion causing motion of the pistons and exhaust valves
Inward or outward tilt of the wheels tires. This adjustment affects how the vehicle holds the road and handles cornering.
A metal shaft supporting the cams that cause the open/close operation of the intake and exhaust valves.
Engine component that mixes air with fuel, delivering the mixture into the engine cylinders.
Computer Aided Traction System, in which a machine automatically adjusts the road holding ability of a car while it covers slippery or uneven ground.
A component of the exhaust system that creates a heat- producing chemical reaction to convert potentially harmful combustion byproducts into carbon dioxide and water.
Center-Locking Differential
On all-wheel drive vehicles, a third differential in addition to those for the front and rear axles. This allows the front and rear wheels to turn at different speeds for cornering on dry pavement. On slippery surfaces, it locks all four wheels together.
A safety valve which allows fuel, air or a vacuum to flow in only one direction.
All the parts that are connected to the frame of a vehicle.
Choptop
The result of lowering the cab of a vehicle.
Climate-Control System
The term for the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system (HVAC). Most current vehicles have all three - heating, defrost, and AC.
A clutch acts as a coupling device which is used to engage and disengage the transmission from the engine when shifting gears.
Carbon dioxide engine pollution expelled from the exhaust pipe.
A transformer used in the ignition system for stepping up the voltage of the electric current conducted through the spark plugs.
A heavy-duty, spiraled metal component of the suspension system which forms a connection between the body of an automobile and its chassis.
The ratio of the volume within an engine cylinder when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke, compared to the volume in the cylinder when the piston is at the top of its stroke.
(CV Joint) Constant-Velocity Joint
On front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles, a coupling that allows the front axle to turn at a constant speed at various angles when the vehicle turns. The CV joint is a shaft that transmits engine power from the transmission to the wheel.
The area inside the engine block where the crankshaft, piston rods and other moving parts operate.
The main shaft of an engine through which the power produced during combustion resulting from the reciprocating motion of the pistons.
One of a group of chambers in the engine within which the process of combustion takes place.
The base part of the engine to which other parts are attached.
At the top of the engine block is the cylinder head which contains intake and exhaust valves.
Damper/Dampenor
A device which reduces engine or road vibration.
A mechanical gearbox or fluid coupling that allows wheels to rotate at different speeds. Located on an axle, it allows the outside wheels to turn faster than the inside wheels during cornering.
Shiny metal discs, called brake rotors, are attached to the wheel hub, rotating with the wheel. When the brake pedal is depressed, the brake calipers squeeze the discs to slow the vehicle. See Brake Caliper and Brake Rotor.
The volume displaced by an engine's cylinders. Formerly measured in cubic inches, it is now more commonly expressed in liters.
Part of the ignition (electrical) system. Delivers electricity from the ignition coil to the distributor cap and the spark plug wires in the correct firing order.
The pipe that joins the entire exhaust system to the exhaust manifold.
Double Wishbone Suspension
A type of independent suspension in which the upper and lower support pieces, or members, look somewhat like a wishbone.
A phenomena where two cars running nose to tail together can move faster than an individual vehicle.
Connects the transaxle to the front wheels on a front-wheel drive vehicle.
A braking system that uses a metal drum. Brake shoes press against the drum to stop the car.
Vehicle components which act together to move the vehicle forward or backward. On a rear-drive vehicle, it is the combination of the engine, transmission, differential and drive shaft.
Shaft connecting the transmission and rear drive axel. The shaft is connected to the components on each end with a universal joint, which allows for movement up and down without bending the shaft.
Electronic Stabilization Program
(ESP) increases vehicle control in situations near the vehicle's limits. It reduces the risk of skidding and helps to keep the vehicle on course.
Electronic Control Module (ECM)
Electronic Control Module. The master computer module in engine newer systems responsible for interpreting electrical signals sent by engine sensors and for activating to produce peak performance.
A system which uses an electronic unit as opposed to an older mechanical style distributor with points (contacts) to control the timing and firing of spark plugs.
Electronic Valve Timing (EVT)
System in which a computer controls the timing of the opening and closing of cylinder valves.
The position the engine sits within the chassis.
Engine management system
A computerized control of the ignition, fuel systems and exhaust making driving more economical, quieter, and power-effective.
Engine cooler
An air intake with a large inducting fan, drawing air through a water cooled piping arrangement, thus preventing engine overheating.
Evaporative Emissions
Evaporated fuel from the carburetor or fuel system which mixes with the surrounding outside air.
Evaporator Core
Part of the climate-control system that contains a liquid refrigerant which turns to gas to absorb heat from the air.
A cast metal set of pipes for exhaust gases to exit the engine cylinders on their way into the exhaust system.
Devices to open and close passageways from the cylinders for exhaust gases to exit and to maintain cylinder pressure.
Transmits power from a crankshaft-driven pulley to an engine fan and other accessories.
A body panel between the front bumper and front-most door edge, encompassing the wheel space in-between.
The panel that separates the engine compartment from the passenger compartment.
Where gas is blown into the engine to increase engine output performance, by a turbo or supercharger.
Four-Wheel Steering
Vehicle on which all four wheels turn when the driver turns the steering wheel.
Two special headlights designed for cutting through foggy conditions along the road ahead.
Firing Order
The sequence that spark plugs fire in an internal combustion engine.
A large disc bolted to the rear end of the crankshaft that meshes with the pinion gear in the starter.
The front wheels are the ones that are being powered by the engine/transmission, and the rear wheels just follow along.
The name for a large fuel tank used in formula racing cars, that sits behind the driver.
Injects fuel into the engine's cylinders with electronic control to time and measure the fuel flow.
There are 2 fundamental types of systems in use today. Carbureted or direct infection systems to deliver fuel to the engine.
Electrically controlled valve that delivers a precise amount of pressurized fuel into each combustion chamber.
Shock absorbers filled with a low-pressure gas to smooth the vehicle's ride during up-and-down movement.
A thin, expanding material used to seal the gaps and imperfections between hard surfaces.
The ratio of teeth counts between meshing gears.
A metal housing containing several cogs, each affecting the rate of speed at which the car moves.
An opening in the front of the vehicle that allows air to reach the radiator.
The distance between the ground and the lowest point of the vehicle chassis (usually the axle).
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
The actual weight of the vehicle plus the maximum load it is designed to carry.
Hardtops do not have the fixed post between the side windows yet resemble a convertible with no center pillar for the side windows.
A passenger car with a full-height rear door that includes a rear window. Usually has a rear folding seat. Called a 'Compact' by leasing companies in USA.
The distance from the top of an occupant's head to the headliner.
The interior covering of the roof. Headliners often contain consoles with slots for garage-door openers and other devices, as well as dome lights and wiring for electrical and electronic components attached to the headliner. The covering usually includes a sound-absorbing material.
Horsepower (hp)
In general, the higher the horsepower, the higher the vehicle's top speed. One horsepower is the power needed to lift a 550-pound weight one foot in one second.
A Term for a normal vehicle that has been modified to improve speed and look.
An integral car component operated by means of liquid under pressure, primarily used in the braking system.
I-Beam Suspension
A suspension beam under the car that supports the body.
Idle Speed
The speed of the engine at minimum throttle.
The system responsible for generating electrical spark needed to ignite fuel in the cylinders.
Devices which receive fuel at low pressure and shoot it into the engine cylinders under higher pressure.
A cast set of pipes where fuel and air are directed into the cylinders.
Devices that open passageways for fuel vapor to enter the cylinders.
A suspension design that lets each wheel independently of the others.
In-Line Engine
Cylinders are arranged side by side in a row and in a single bank.
Device that cools air as it leaves a turbocharger or supercharger before the air is blown into the engine air intake.
A system for locking and unlocking doors of a vehicle with a central locking system without using the key.
Lap/Shoulder Belt
A safety belt that secures the driver and/or passenger in the seat. Also called a three-point safety harness.
Suspension spring made up of several thin, curved, hardened-steel or composite-material plates attached at the ends to the vehicle underbody.
Lean or Rich Fuel Mixture
The fuel mixture is lean when it has too much air, and rich when it has too much fuel. These terms can also be used to refer to adjustments the electronic control module makes to the fuel mixture in response to various driving conditions, particularly on engines with variable-valve technology.
Limited-Slip Differential
A device that helps prevent the drive wheels from skidding or losing traction by diverting power from the slipping wheel to the opposite wheel on the same axle.
Live Axle
A solid axle allowing movement of the wheel on one end to affect the opposite wheel. Found on older rear-drive cars and tucks. Also called a rigid axle.
Generally, a car on which the chassis has been lowered; however, other customizations are often present. Some American cars have a hydraulic mechanism that does this action during driving.
M+S Rating
A tire rating which indicates a tire designed to perform well in mud and snow.
MacPherson Strut
A MacPherson strut is a unit that includes a damper or shock absorber cartridge inside a large, long metal spring. MacPherson struts are used over the front wheels of most front-drive cars. Replacement of MacPherson strut cartridges requires a spring compressor.
Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor (MAP sensor)
Detects engine load by measuring air pressure or vacuum in the intake manifold.
A transmission that varies the power and torque through a foot pedal controlled clutch and a floor-mounted or steering-shaft-mounted gear selection lever.
Mass Airflow Sensor
Device that measures the flow of air entering the throttle housing.
The primary component for pressurizing fluid in a hydraulic system. Used in the braking system, it supports a reservoir for holding brake fluid and is activated each time the driver depresses the brake pedal.
Two figure totals given in brake-horse-power by engine revs per minute. [bhp x rpm].
The weight of force per foot, given in pounds, and the rpm level, eg 100 lb ft at 1000 rpm.
A glittery sheen within the paintwork by customer request at an additional cost.
A quite large car of saloon capacity but resembling a small van with windows.
Miles Per Gallon / MPG
Fuel economy measurement. Generally, a vehicle maker may offer mpg ratings for city driving, highway driving, and combined driving, so their is no definitive single measure overall.
A chamber in the engine exhaust system used to suppress exhaust noise and smooth exhaust pulsations. Also referred to as a "silencer". Motorbike an moped owners sometimes remove these to beef-up their sound.
Multi-Link Suspension
Independent suspension controlled with several link arms that restrict undesired motion of the suspension for a smoother ride and more precise handling.
Multi-Port Fuel Injection
An electronic fuel-injection method that uses individual injectors to spray fuel directly into each intake port, bypassing the intake manifold. Also called multi-point fuel injection.
A term used beginning in the mid-'50's to refer to cars which had very high horsepower and is still in use today. Occasionally called a 'pony car' in USA. The Aston-Martin Vanquish is a perfect example.
A small frontal body section of a car which extends beyond the bonnet line, typically slanting downwards. The narrower version used on Formula cars is called a shark-nose. 'Nosed' refers to the process of raising a small peak in the center of the bonnet of a car, usually as part of a customized design.
The hydrocarbon substance in gasoline that reduces engine knock or pinging, which is a noise caused by premature ignition of fuel in the cylinder combustion chamber. The higher the octane number, the less chance of premature ignition. High octane, which has a rating above 91, is useful only when recommended by the manufacturer.
Indicates the number of miles a vehicle has been driven, and is also called a Mileometer. It is illegal to tamper with the odometer reading. This illegal practice of rolling a vehicle's odometer back to indicate that it traveled fewer miles than it actually has, is done by 2nd-hand sellers. Odometer Rollover occurs when the vehicle's mileage exceeds the mechanical limits of the odometer - usually 99,999 miles. This must be certified by the seller, under law binding Mileage Acts.
Overhead Cam (OHC)
The camshaft is on top of the cylinder head on overhead-cam engines. Single overhead-cam (SOHC) engines have a single cam above the cylinder head. Dual overhead-cam (DOHC) engines have two cams above the cylinder head.
(OHV) engine
An overhead-cam engine with overhead-valves, which means the intake and exhaust valves sit atop the cylinder head.
Occurs when the rear tyres lose adhesion under cornering. In motor sports, this is also called loose. Oversteer can lead to a spin if the driver doesn't reduce acceleration. See also Understeer.
A transmission gear with a ratio below 1:1, which improves fuel economy by reducing engine revolutions per minute at highway speeds. On a five-speed manual transmission, the fourth and fifth gears are overdrive. On a four-speed automatic transmission, the fourth gear is overdrive. When an overdrive gear set is engaged, the output shaft turns at a higher rate than the input shaft, reducing engine revolutions at cruising or highway speeds.
An emissions related device which senses the presence of oxygen in the exhaust. The voltage it puts out is interpreted by the main computer (ECM) along with other sensor input to determine automatic adjustment of the air/fuel mixture.
Passive Restraint
A device or structure that automatically helps restrain vehicle occupants in an impact. This includes airbags, belt pretensioners, padded knee bolsters, and shoulder belts that are motorized, or attached to the door.
The type of light-duty truck with an open cargo bed behind a closed cab.
A type of gear that has small teeth that mesh with other, larger gears.
The smaller of two meshing gears. A pinion gear is used in a starter motor to engage the flywheel ring gear and also rides along the surface of the steering rack (hence "rack and pinion" steering).
This is the garage area at F1 races, where major mechanical work is done on the cars. The pitlane runs its length. At Indy racing [in USA] its called the 'gasoline alley'.
A solid, cylindrically shaped part that alternately compresses fuel vapor within a cylinder (the compression stroke) and is thrust downward (the power stroke) by the force of the explosion that results when the vapor is ignited. Rocker arms connect the pistons to the crankshaft.
Metal rings seated in grooves on the outside of a piston that are used to ensure a proper seal between the piston and the cylinder wall. Typically, three (3) rings are used: two (2) ensure proper compression is produced and one (1) prevents oil from leaking into the cylinder.
Positive Crankcase Ventilation Valve
An emission device that routes oil pan vapors to the intake manifold to be burned during combustion. Also known as the PCV valve.
A steering system that uses a separate motor or engine power to reduce the effort necessary to turn the front wheels.
Many power steering systems use hydraulic power. These systems use a power steering pump driven by a belt from the crankshaft. The pump moves fluid under pressure through hoses to the steering gear. The pressure is used in the steering gear to reduce steering effort. A reservoir for fluid is attached to the rear of the pump.
Power-to-Weight Ratio
The maximum power output of the vehicle per unit mass. The higher the ratio, the more powerful the vehicle. In comparing several vehicles, this can be a better measurement than engine horsepower or torque because it considers the weight variable. In other words, a car that seems to have a powerful engine but is also heavy may have less get-up-and-go than a vehicle that has a similar or less powerful engine but also weighs less. Lotus are the best exponents of this. Given in a BHP per tonne value.
The combination of engine and transmission.
Pretensioner
A device that rapidly yanks in shoulder-belt slack when a crash sensor detects an impact. Some pretensioners are activated by a small explosive charge in the belt retractor; some contain their own inertial sensors. So far, pretensioners are still found on more expensive models, particularly those by European manufacturers. By pulling in belt slack within milliseconds of an impact, pretensioners help reduce chest and head injury by restricting occupant motion and preventing the occupant from hitting the belt.
Projector-Beam Headlights
A headlight that uses a spherical reflector to tightly control the light beam. The bulb or light source directs the light inward, toward the reflector at the back of the headlight assembly, which then projects it forward from the vehicle. These lights are more powerful, accurate and expensive than standard sealed-beam and halogen headlights, and are generally found on sport and luxury models.
Holds the clutch disc against the flywheel.
Acronym for pounds per square inch. A pressure measurement used in tyre inflation and turbocharger boost.
Pushrod
A metal rod that transmits the motion of the camshaft to the valve actuators to open and close the valves. Used on engines with overhead valves but without overhead camshafts.
Sheet of metal panel that covers the front and rear quarters of the vehicle.
A department within a company that ensures its products meet the required standard, such as checking if a car has adequate weather-proofing.
The environmentally safe refrigerant now used in air-conditioning systems. It requires a slightly bulkier condenser unit than the older R-12 type. Vehicles equipped with R-12 systems can be converted to use R-134a. Since Freon is now banned, expensive and hard to obtain, the conversion may be a good idea when an R-12-based system needs recharging, particularly if technicians detect a leak.
Rack and Pinion Steering
The steering wheel is connected to a pinion gear that meshes with a toothed bar, also called a rack or linear gear. As the pinion turns, the rack moves side to side, moving the steering linkage and causing the front wheels to turn left or right. The ends of the rack are linked to the steering wheel with tie rods.
RACMSA
The RAC Motor Sports Association is recognized by the FIA as the governing body of motor sport in Great Britain.
The copper or aluminum device in front of the engine through which hot engine coolant is circulated and cooled. The liquid is then recirculates back through the engine block to cool it.
Rag Top/Soft-top
A convertible with a soft top, usually made from canvas or a polymer.
Competing teams, consisting of a driver and a navigator, are given route instructions, which they must follow exactly. Each team follows the course independently, trying to rack up points based on how well they meet a pre-determined schedule.
Rear axel assembly
The drive shaft turns (spins) a set of gears within the rear axle assembly known as the differential, or rear differential. The differential changes the direction of power from the driveshaft out to the rear wheels via the rear axle.
Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD)
The drivetrain in which power is applied through the rear wheels only.
Recirculating Ball
A steering mechanism in which the steering shaft turns a worm gear causing a toothed metal block to move back and forth, turning the front wheels. Ball bearings reduce friction between the worm gear and the metal block.
The point on the engine tachometer that indicates the maximum RPM the engine can safely withstand.
Release Fork
Disengages the clutch disc from the flywheel by pressing on the pressure plate release springs.
A car having a mechanically retractable hardtop such as the late '50's Ford Skyliner.
An electronic safety device preventing high-speeds above 160mph from being reached.
Describes at which speed the engine crankshaft is turning.
The body panel that runs beneath a vehicle's doors.
The rotating part of a machine or mechanism. The brake disc itself is referred to as a "rotor," as is the center of a distributor or starter motor.
A protective steel cage to prevent driver injury during a rollover.
The type of vehicle impact in which the car or truck rolls over on its side, onto its roof, or turns over completely. The biggest cause of injury in a rollover is ejection of the occupant or any part of the occupant. Rollover is a greater risk in any sport-utility vehicle - because of its high center of gravity - than in a minivan, pickup truck or passenger car. Rollover can occur immediately upon impact or in the seconds after an impact, which makes it more difficult to protect occupants with traditional airbags. Inflatable tubular restraints and similar designs that stay inflated longer than traditional airbags will be more effective in rollover situations.
Scrub radius
The distance from the point where the steering axis intersects the ground to the longitudinal line that runs through the center of the tyre's contact patch. Also called "steering offset."
Sensor Algorithm
An algorithm is a mathematical formula or series of formulas used by an on-board computer or processor to make decision. In an airbag system, a crash-sensor algorithm determines whether the change in velocity indicates an impact of great enough force to require airbag deployment, based on pre-programmed parameters. If the change in velocity is great enough, the processor sends a signal to the device that inflates the airbag.
Sequential Fuel Injection
Similar to multi-port fuel injection, but the injectors spray fuel into the individual intake ports exactly at the beginning of each cylinder's intake cycle. The precise fuel control provides better engine performance.
Semi-trailing-arm suspension
An independent rear-suspension system in which each wheel hub is located only by a large, roughly triangular arm that pivots at two points. Viewed from the top, the line formed by the two pivots is somewhere between parallel and perpendicular to the car's longitudinal axis.
On a vehicle with automatic transmission, a safety device that prevents the driver from shifting out of park unless the brake pedal is depressed.
Shift gate
The mechanism in a transmission linkage that controls the motion of the gearshift lever. The shift gate is usually an internal mechanism; however, in some transmissions: including Ferrari five-speeds and Mercedes-Benz automatics: the shift gate is an exposed guide around the shift lever.
A device that converts motion into heat, usually by forcing oil through small internal passages in a tubular housing. Used primarily to dampen suspension oscillations, shock absorbers respond to motion; their effects, therefore, are most obvious in transient maneuvers.
Short Block
The lower portion of an engine below the cylinder head.
An inflatable cushion that fills the space between the door and the occupant to prevent head, torso and pelvis injuries when a vehicle is hit from the side. Side airbags may be stored in the door-trim panel or the outboard side of the seat; they may protect the hip and torso only or also protect the head. A new design, called an inflatable tubular restraint, is stored in the edge of the roof headliner and attached at the base of the A-pillar at the front end and above the doors along the roofline at the other. The device inflates into a somewhat stiff tube that prevents the occupant's head from hitting the side pillar or the window.
Side-Impact
safety regulations require that vehicles absorb a certain amount of force when hit from the side. To meet side-impact standards, automakers have stiffened side-impact beams, which resist intrusion into the passenger compartment, and added safety devices such as side airbags and extra padding, which are designed to push the occupant toward the interior of the vehicle and away from the point of intrusion.
A spare tyre mounted on the side of a car, normally on the fender just above and behind the front wheel.
Single Overhead Cam (SOHC)
An engine with a single overhead cam generally has one intake and one exhaust valve per cylinder; the single cam opens and closes both valves. See also Overhead Cam and Dual Overhead Cam.
Several soft turns in a row at a race-track, like at Brands Hatch in the UK.
Society of Automotive Engineers
The professional association of transportation-industry engineers. The SAE sets most auto-industry standard for the testing, measuring, and designing of automobiles and their components.
The electromagnetic device positioned above the starter which thrusts the pinion gear against the engine flywheel when starting ("turning over") the engine.
A particular kind of tube frame that consists exclusively of relatively short, small-diameter tubes. The tubes are welded together in a configuration that loads them primarily in tension and compression.
Specific output
The amount of BHP produced from 1 litre of fuel.
Converts voltage into an arc that passes between its electrodes; the arc ignites the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber. The mixture explodes, creating power by pushing down the piston.
An instrument dial above the steering wheel which informs the driver of the current speed, in MPH and/or KPH.
An aerodynamic device that changes the direction of airflow in order to reduce lift or aerodynamic drag and/or improve engine cooling..
Smart Airbag
There are many designs, but each contains similar elements including a system of sensors and mathematical algorithms to detect the presence or absence of an occupant in the seat; to determine the size, weight and nature of any occupant (including whether it is a rear-facing infant and determine whether the occupant is an adult, a dog, a bag of groceries or a rear-facing infant seat); and to determine whether the occupant is too close to the airbag door for safe deployment. A smart system will use that information to decide whether to inflate the airbag in an impact. Later generations of smart airbags will adjust the rate of inflation based on force of impact and size of the occupant.
Slip angle
The angular difference between the direction in which a tyre is rolling and the plane of its wheel. Slip angle is caused by deflections in the tyre's sidewall and tread during cornering. A linear relationship between slip angles and cornering forces indicates an easily controllable tyre.
Slushbox
A slang for an automatic transmission.
The opposite of dive, squat is the dipping of a car's rear end that occurs during hard acceleration. Squat is caused by a load transfer from the front to the rear suspension.
Straight-line tracking
The ability of a car to resist road irregularities and run in a straight line without steering corrections.
As opposed to the moving rotor, the stationary portion of a device. In an alternator, for example, the stator includes an intricate copper winding that picks up the current induced by the rotation of the rotor within a magnetic field.
An electric motor used to initiate movement of internal engine parts so that combustion can begin. Activating the starter causes the solenoid to thrust the pinion gear in the starter against the engine flywheel ring gear and begin turning it.
The line that intersects the upper and lower steering pivots on a steered wheel. On a car with a strut suspension, the steering axis is defined by the line through the strut mount on top and the ball joint on the bottom.
Steering feel
The general relationship between forces at the steering wheel and handling. Ideally, the steering effort should increase smoothly as the wheel is rotated away from center. In addition, the steering effort should build as the cornering forces at the steered wheels increase. Finally, the friction built into the steering mechanism should be small in comparison with the handling-related steering forces.
Steering gain
The relationship between yaw and the steering wheel's position and effort. All three should be proportional and should build up smoothly.
Steering Ratio
The ratio of the different steering gears. Usually a lower gear means a faster response.
The device by which the movement of the steering wheel is transferred to the front wheels of an automobile.
The metal rods on each end of the steering rack that connect it to the front wheels via ball joints (tie rod ends).
A single, self contained pivoting suspension unit that integrates a coil spring with a shock absorber. Struts are used on front wheel drive automobiles. A suspension element in which a reinforced shock absorber is used as one of the wheel's locating members, typically by solidly bolting the wheel hub to the bottom end of the strut.
The up-and-down distance the piston travels within the cylinder. On a traditional internal combustion engine, the piston makes four strokes during the combustion cycle, only one of which is a power stroke. On the power stroke, the piston is near the top of the cylinder, and it has compressed the air and fuel mixture. The spark plug ignites the mixture, and the force of the explosion pushes the piston down into the cylinder, producing the force that turns the crankshaft. The piston returns to the top of the cylinder to expel the exhaust gases on the second, or exhaust, stroke. It slides down to the bottom of the cylinder during the intake stroke, when the valves open to let in air and fuel. The piston rises to the top of the cylinder on the compression stroke to begin the cycle anew. This process repeats hundreds or thousands of times a minute, resulting in the number of crankshaft revolutions per minute at which the crankshaft is rotating. Length measured in millimeters.
Serves the same function as a turbocharger but avoids lag time because it runs off an engine-driven pump. Both turbochargers and superchargers are used to produce more power without increasing engine displacement, but neither are particularly fuel efficient and both can require costly maintenance as vehicles age. A standard piece of equipment of Hotrods and Top Fuel dragsters, this provides more power by blowing a combination of more air and vaporized fuel into the car's engine.
Springs, dampers, shock absorbers, hydraulics, wishbones, roll bars, struts, and links used to suspend the frame, body and engine above the wheels.
The space in the engine block under the crankshaft into which the oil drains from its various applications.
Switch-gear
The variety an quality of function controls the driver can utilize while driving.
Synthetic oil
Engine lubricant not derived from raw petroleum. It has superior engine-protection properties but costs as much as five times more than petroleum oil.
The instrument gauge that shows engine speed, or revolutions per minute. On a vehicle with manual transmission, the driver can use the tachometer to tell when to upshift or downshift. Also called tach.
A pivoting actuator that opens and closes cylinder intake and exhaust valves.
Taxometer
A machine which counts the travel-time of a taxi journey.
Throttle-Body Fuel Injection
A form of electronic fuel injection in which the injectors are centrally located in a throttle-body housing that contains a valve to regulate air flow through the intake manifold. Less efficient and precise than multi-port or sequential fuel injection.
On overhead cam equipped engines, an external belt used to synchronize the operation of intake/exhaust valves with the compression/ignition process occurring in the cylinder head and engine block below.
Timing Valve
A valve in a fuel injection pump which times the delivery of fuel.
A type of ball joint which transfers the movements of the steering wheel to the wheels.
Toe-in
A wheel-alignment term that indicates the leading edges of a pair of wheels angle slightly toward each other. Front-drive cars are often aligned with slight toe-in to compensate for the effects of torque steer, or the tendency of the front wheels to pull to the side under hard acceleration.
Toe-out
A wheel-alignment term that indicates the leading edges of a pair of wheels angle slightly away from each other.
A measure of twisting force, given in foot-pounds (abbreviated as lb.-ft.) or Newton-meters (N-m). In the case of an automobile, it is the twisting or rotational force the engine exerts on the crankshaft. Vehicle specifications often include the maximum torque an engine produces at a specific number of revolutions. An engine that produces 200 lb.-ft. of torque at 3,000 revolutions per minute, or 200 lb.-ft.@ 3,000 rpm, accelerates better at low speeds than an engine that provides 200 lb.-ft.@5,000 rpm.
An enclosed device connected to the crankshaft that uses a turbine-based system and a thin fluid (ATF) to propel the movement of the automatic transmission mainshaft. As opposed to an automobile equipped with a manual transmission and clutch that must be engaged/disengaged, this "fluid" connection between the engine and the wheels is what enables a car to come to a full stop with its automatic transmission still in gear.
Torque Steer
The tendency of the front wheels on a front-drive vehicle to pull to the side under hard acceleration.
Torque-to-weight
The amount of torque derived power effort, in pounds per foot, over the tonnage of the vehicle.
Torsion Bar
A simple, rugged type of suspension spring that twists as it is compressed or stretched.
Torsional Stiffness
A vehicle body's resistance to twisting motions.
The amount of weight a vehicle can tow behind it, eg a trailer carrying a speed-boat.
A system for limiting wheel slip under acceleration, thus maintaining each wheel's contact with the road surface. Traction-control systems generally use the anti-lock braking system to stop wheel spin and reduce power from one or more engine cylinders when an electronic sensor detects wheel spin.
The amount of friction between the tyre and the ground.
On four-wheel drive vehicles, a gearbox that allows power to be delivered to front and rear wheels.
A transmission and differential housed together in the same enclosure. This setup is most commonly found in today's front-wheel-drive-dominated car (not truck) market. The transmission and differential are married together because no drive shaft is required in front-wheel drive (front engine) vehicles.
The transmission is used to take the high-speed, low-torque power of the engine and convert it to a lower-speed, higher-torque output, which ultimately turns the drive wheels. Transmissions come in a wide variety of choices, but they basically divide into three categories: Manual, Automatic, and Manumatic. Lower gears allow fast acceleration, higher gears provide better gas mileage. Manual transmission uses a system of gears to create the high torque output required from the engine's high speed input. A clutch is used to disengage the transmission from the engine when shifting gears. Automatic transmissions do the shifting for the driver. No clutch is required. The shifting is accomplished by a hydraulic oil system. Manumatic transmissions are a hybrid of manual and automatic transmissions. In most cases they require no manually operated clutch, but they allow for the driver to shift gears manually when desired.
Tread-Wear Index
A tyre rating consisting of a number followed by two letters, such as 300AB. The number indicates the useful life of the tyre, the first letter (A, B, or C, A for best, C for worst) indicates its traction in wet conditions, and the second letter (A, B, or C, A for best, C for worst) its resistance to heat buildup.
Tri-Link Suspension
A fully independent rear suspension featuring a single fiberglass or composite leaf spring.
Trim Decor
the embellishments added to the cars interior that give it identity an character, such as leather, wood, fabric, chrome etc.
The level of options or features added to a model (as like with a GT version). An optional extra as selected by the customer, like an airbag, doesn't instigate a new trim level. Only the car maker selects the attributes to a car to make it a special variant of the basic version, which is the 'factory standard' version, an is the cheapest within the range.
True MPH
The actual velocity a body moves at as opposed to the reading given by internal instrumentation. Used by speed cameras an police with timing guns in speed-traps.
A regularly scheduled maintenance to check normal operation of the vehicle.
An integral piece of the turbocharger, this small fan drives the compressor. A rotor with vanes or blades which is driven by the movement of fluid or gases across its surface. The turbine wheel in a turbocharger spins as a result of exhaust gases. In a torque converter, a turbine is used to propel ATF within the unit.
The time it takes the turbocharger to kick in after the driver accelerates; the lag results because a turbocharger compressor is spun by exhaust gases in the exhaust manifold.
Device that compresses and forces extra air into the intake manifold to produce extra power. Both turbochargers and superchargers are used to produce more power without increasing engine displacement, but neither are particularly fuel efficient and both can require costly maintenance as vehicles age. By forcing fuel through the engine, this system allows the car to gather more speed. Usually they're made by specialist component makers like Roots, X-Trac, Bosch, etc.
Turning circle
The minimum distance a car needs to turn around in one step. A low figure is a prerequisite for a proper Taxi deign, an in the venues of big cities is a regulation.
Twist-Beam Axle
A semi-independent rear axle often used on front-drive vehicles. The horizontal beam, which connects the two rear wheels, can twist to reduce the effect of one wheel's motion on the other. Less expensive and more compact than fully independent suspension.
Understeer
Occurs when the front wheels have lost adhesion or the driver is turning the steering wheel too sharply for the vehicle's speed. In understeer, the front wheels do not follow the steering wheel angle, and the car refuses to turn and pushes ahead. In motor sports, this is called push. The driver can regain traction by reducing speed. Also may be called plow.
A joint that transmits rotary motion between two shafts that aren't in a straight line. Depending on its design, a universal joint can accommodate a large angular variation between its inputs and outputs. The simplest kind of universal joint, called a "Hooke joint," causes the output shaft to speed up and slow down twice for every revolution of the input shaft. This speed fluctuation increases with the angular difference between the shafts.
A vehicle with six cylinders. The cylinders are divided into two banks, each of which is angled away from the other at the top, forming a 'V'. Typically, this angle is 60 degrees on V-6 engines.
A vehicle with eight cylinders. The cylinders are divided into two banks, each of which is angled away from the other at the top, forming a 'V'. Typically, this angle is 90 degrees on V-8 engines
A vehicle with a dozen cylinders. The cylinders are divided into two banks, each of which is facing each other at the top, an slightly forms a 'V' shape. Typically this angle is 30 degrees on most V-12 engines. Occasionally two V6 engines can be combined to act as a V12.
The valves and camshaft(s) within an engine, and any parts attached to the valves, such as rockers and pushrods, to move them up and down.
Many overhead-cam engines, particularly multi-valve models, are described by the total number of intake and exhaust valves in the cylinder head. A 24-valve V-6 engine would have four valves per cylinder: two intake and two exhaust valves. A 16-valve V-8 engine has only the standard single exhaust and single intake valve for each of its eight cylinders.
The valve number per cylinder and the cam number plus its position.
Valve float
A high-rpm engine condition in which the valve lifters lose contact with the cam lobes because the valve springs are not strong enough to overcome the momentum of the various valvetrain components. The onset of valve float prevents higher-rpm operation. Extended periods of valve float will damage the valvetrain.
Valve lifter
Also called a "valve follower": the cylindrically shaped component that presses against the lobe of a camshaft and moves up and down as the cam lobe rotates. Most valve lifters have an oil-lubricated hardened face that slides on the cam lobe. So-called "roller lifters," however, have a small roller in contact with the cam lobe: thereby reducing the friction between the cam lobe and the lifter.
The collection of parts that make the valves operate. The valvetrain includes the camshaft(s) and all related drive components, the various parts that convert the camshaft's rotary motion into reciprocating motion at the valves, and the valves and their associated parts.
Viscous coupling
A particular kind of fluid coupling in which the input and output shafts mate with thin, alternately spaced discs in a cylindrical chamber. The chamber is filled with a viscous fluid that tends to cling to the discs, thereby resisting speed differences between the two shafts. Viscous couplings are used to limit the speed difference between the two outputs of a differential, or between the two axles of a car.
A box-shaped truck with a forward cab and a cargo area to the back bumper.
Variable-Assist Steering
A power-steering system that varies the amount of assistance it provides according to driving conditions. It provides maximum assistance at low speeds for maneuvers such as turning into a parking space or turning a corner after leaving a stop light. It provides minimum assistance at cruising or highway speeds to provide greater vehicle stability.
A seventeen-digit identification number, unique to each vehicle, which includes codes for the manufacturer, year, model, body, and engine specifications.
Vented Disc Brakes
A brake disc that has cooling passages between the friction surfaces.
V-Type Engine
In a V-6, V-8 or V-12 engine, the cylinders are divided into two banks, each of which is angled away from the other at the top, forming a 'V'. Typically, this angle is 60 degrees on V-6 engines and 90 degrees on V-8 engines. From the rear are identified by having twin exhaust pipes, an by ear have a deep rumble engine sound.
A valve used to limit the boost developed in a turbocharger. A waste gate operates by allowing some of the engine's exhaust flow to bypass the turbocharger's turbine section under certain conditions.
The pump that circulates coolant through the engine block, cylinder head and radiator. It is driven by the engine crankshaft.
Measured in Kg, representing the balance, control an stability, with the centre of gravity acting as the fulcrum.
Determined by the diameter and width of the wheel on which the tyre is mounted. A 15-inch wheel has a diameter of 15 inches. A 15 X 7 wheel has a 15-inch diameter and a 7-inch width.
The distance between the center of the front wheels to the center of rear wheels.
2 body panels that exist either rear side, beneath the trunk cover, partly enclosing the rear-wheel-space.
The high-point of NASCAR racing, a race that spans the entire season as drivers accumulate points at each of 31 events. The driver that accumulates the most points, not the most wins, becomes the eventual Winston Cup winner.
Refers to a vehicle which has part of its side body-panels covered or replaced with decorative wood.
The name given to the famous chassis designs used by Jaguar since the 1960s, such as the XJ, XK an X-type.
X-ray detection
This is used by law enforcement agencies when searching for illegal materials concealed within the door panels an bodywork of cars, such as Semtex an heroin.
The rotation about a vertical axis that passes through the car's center of gravity.
The only car company named after a country that no longer exists, ie Yugoslavia.
Zero-offset steering
A steering system whose geometry has a scrub radius of zero. This configuration minimizes the steering effects produced during acceleration (with front drive) or braking on varying traction surfaces.
Z-axis
The plain of movement a road vehicle cant access.
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Did you know 80% of the workers in healthcare are in fact women?
Donna Karan and CareRite Centers celebrated women in healthcare on March 26th during Women's History Month, showcasing their appreciation and support of the 80% at the Stephen Weiss Studio in Manhattan.
Click here to see how we support the 80%!


text:
Якуб Крейчик (; род. 25 июня 1991 года, Прага, Чехословакия) — чешский хоккеист, защитник.

Карьера

Клубная
Якуб Крейчик является воспитанником клуба «Славия Прага». С 2010 по 2012 год играл за «Славию». В октябре 2012 года подписал контракт с ХК «Лев». Дебютировал в КХЛ 6 октября 2012 года в матче против СКА. Первую шайбу в КХЛ забросил в ворота новокузнецкого «Металлурга» 30 ноября 2012 года. В сезоне 2012/2013 провёл 42 игры, набрав 5 (3+2) очков, с показателем полезности +5 и 34 минутами штрафного времени. Летом 2013 года вернулся в Чехию, в клуб «Спарта Прага». Через год перешел в шведский клуб «Эребру», за который отыграл 2 сезона.

15 июля 2016 года Крейчик вернулся в КХЛ, подписав контракт с хорватским клубом «Медвешчак». В конце сезона 2016/2017, когда «Медвешчак» уже потерял шансы на выход в плей-офф, снова перешёл в Чешскую экстралигу, в клуб «Комета Брно», с которым выиграл два чемпионских титула подряд. Перед началом сезона 2018/2019 перебрался в Финляндию, подписав контракт с командой «Лукко» из Раумы.

В начале июня 2019 года подписал однолетний контракт с клубом «Кярпят». 26 октября 2019 года добился уникального достижения для защитника, сделав первый в своей карьере хет-трик в матче чемпионата Финляндии . Спустя ровно месяц, 26 ноября, Крейчик снова сделал хет-трик, забросив все шайбы своей команды в игре с «Ювяскюля». С сезона 2020/21 играл за «Йокерит», но в июле 2021 контракт был расторгнут по обоюдному согласию .

Сборная Чехии
С 2011 года выступает за сборную Чехии. Участник чемпионатов мира 2012, 2015, 2017 и 2018 годов. В 2012 году выиграл бронзовую медаль чемпионата мира. Всего на чемпионатах мира сыграл 27 матчей, в которых отдал 7 голевых передач.

Достижения

 Чемпион Экстралиги 2017 и 2018
 Бронзовый призер чемпионата мира 2012 и Экстралиги 2014

Статистика
Обновлено на конец сезона 2020/2021

 Экстралига — 237 игр, 107 очков (26+81)
 Шведская лига — 107 игр, 31 очко (5+26)
 КХЛ — 135 игр, 38 очков (9+29)
 Сборная Чехии — 101 игра, 22 очка (4+18)
 Финская лига — 106 игр, 56 очков (13+43)
 Первая чешская лига — 13 игр, 2 очка (1+1)
 European Trophy — 8 игр, 1 очко (0+1)
 Лига чемпионов — 10 игр, 7 очков (2+5)
 Всего за карьеру — 717 игр, 264 очка (60+204)

Примечания

Ссылки

 Статистика на сайте hockeydb.com

 Профиль на сайте ХК «Лев»

Хоккеисты Чехии
Хоккейные защитники
Хоккеисты КХЛ
Игроки ХК «Славия» Прага
Игроки ХК «Слован Устечти Льви»
Игроки ХК «Лев» Прага
Игроки ХК «Спарта» Прага
Игроки ХК «Эребру»
Игроки ХК «Медвешчак»
Игроки ХК «Комета»
Игроки ХК «Лукко»
Игроки ХК «Кярпят»
Игроки сборной Чехии по хоккею с шайбой
Игроки ХК «Йокерит»
Игроки ХК «Динамо» Минск

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Driver killed in head-on collision on Palmer-Wasilla Highway
A head-on collision in Wasilla left one man dead and closed all lanes of the Palmer-Wasilla Highway for two hours on Friday evening, Alaska State Troopers said.
Troopers and the Bureau of Highway Patrol responded to the Palmer-Wasilla Highway and North Bobby Day Circle around 5:30 p.m. regarding a head-on collision, troopers wrote in an online report. A Chrysler sedan heading east had crossed the center line and struck a Toyota minivan, troopers said.
The Chrysler's driver, who troopers identified as Christopher Manacher, age 71 of Wasilla, was taken to a hospital where he was declared dead, according to troopers.
An investigation into the crash is ongoing, troopers said. Next of kin have been notified.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A Região Administrativa de Ribeirão Preto (RA15) é uma área de governo criada pelo poder executivo do estado de São Paulo e reúne 25 municípios de sua área central, que concentram mais de um milhão de habitantes. As maiores são Ribeirão Preto com 703 mil habitantes, Sertãozinho com 118 mil habitantes,Jaboticabal com 75 mil habitantes e Monte Alto com 49 mil habitantes.
 Os Municípios da Região Administrativa de Ribeirão Preto podem fazer parte de um projeto de lei que propõe a implementação da futura região metropolitana de Ribeirão Preto RMRP
 Regiões de Governo
 Ribeirão Preto

Municípios

Infraestrutura
 Aeroportos
 Aeroporto de Ribeirão Preto
 Aeroporto de Sertãozinho

 Porto seco
 EADI (Porto seco) de Ribeirão Preto

 Rodoviárias
 Terminal Rodoviário de Ribeirão Preto
 Mini Rodoviária Jardim Paulista - Ribeirão Preto
 Terminal Rodoviário de Sertãozinho
 Terminal Rodoviário de Jaboticabal

Ver também
 Região Administrativa Central (São Paulo)

Ligações externas

RibeiraoPreto


What Day Of The Week Was September 15, 2012?
September 15, 2012 was the 259th day of the year 2012 in the Gregorian calendar. There were 107 days remaining until the end of the year. The day of the week was Saturday.


Managing a club does require some time and effort in order to have successful meetings.
Each club has a management team of club officers with different responsibilities.
Club Officers are in charge of different aspects of running the club to ensure a smooth experience for everyone. All Officer roles are voluntary positions, and in fact they are an excellent opportunity for practicing leadership of a small community.
Unlike businesses and corporations, in a nonprofit organization such as Agora Speakers, members can never be pressured into doing something - everything is voluntary and the most an officer can do is ask politely and explain. In fact, leading a nonprofit community is much more challenging than leading a business, as officers have to put into practice a lot more people-related and motivational skills than in any business.
There are a set of required officer roles, that must be in every club (usually for legal reasons), and some optional but recommended ones.
Note that we're talking about "roles" and not "people". The same person can have more than one role (for example, in very small clubs the Treasurer and Secretary could be the same person).
The opposite is also true : a role - except that of the President - may be shared among several people when the workload is high. For a very big club, there might be two Vice-presidents in charge of Education. In this case, it is recommended that there's a clear distribution of responsibilities for each person sharing a role.
In addition to the specified officer roles, a club can define additional officer roles such as "Event Organizer" (for special events or parties), "Blogger", etc.
All roles are voluntary, have a maximum duration of one year, and receive no compensation for their work. Officers must be also members of the club.
Finally, all roles are elective - if there is more than one candidate for the same role, elections must be held.
Page last modified on Saturday November 11, 2017 15:59:05 CET by agora.


text:
Q: jquery hover problems I'm trying to change a website's logo (logoName.png) to other images (logoHome.png, logoEvents.png, etc.) when the user hovers over buttons on the navigation menu (#home, #events, etc.) with the script below.  This works fine when the timings are set to 0 and everything happens instantaneously, but when I slow things down it's not doing what I want it to.
If the user moves the mouse away from the button before the hover animation is finished then it doesn't revert back to the logo, and if the user moves directly between different nav buttons, it shows the logo instead of the navigation image for the button the mouse is now on.
I've tried using hover, mouseenter/leave and mouseover/out to no avail.  Is there any way of handling the queue better?  Or should I give hoverIntent a try?
All suggestions appreciated - I'm new to all this!  Thanks.
$('#home').hover(function() {
    $('#logo').hide(
        500,
        function() {
            $('#logo').attr ('src', 'images/logoHome.png').fadeIn(500); // swaps logo for home image
        });
}, function() {
    $('#logo').hide(
        500,
        function () {
            $('#logo').attr('src', 'images/logoName.png').fadeIn(500); //swaps back
        });
});

$('#events').hover(function() {
    $('#logo').hide(
        500,
        function() {
            $('#logo').attr ('src', 'images/logoEvents.png').fadeIn(500); //swaps logo for events image
        });
}, function() {
    $('#logo').hide(
        500,
        function () {
            $('#logo').attr('src', 'images/logoName.png').fadeIn(500); //swaps back
        });
});

EDIT: - Working version for anyone who's interested:
$('#home').hover(function() {
    $('#logo').stop(true, true).fadeOut(
        500,
        function() {
            $('#logo').attr ('src', 'images/logoHome.png').fadeIn(500); // swaps logo for home image
        });
    }, function() {
$('#logo').stop(true, true).fadeOut(
    500,
    function () {
        $('#logo').attr('src', 'images/logoName.png').fadeIn(500); //swaps back
    });
});

etc
Thanks for your help.

A: Have you tried doing it without the callbacks?
$('#home').hover(function() {
    $('#logo').fadeOut(500).attr ('src', 'images/logoHome.png').fadeIn(500);
}, function() {
    $('#logo').fadeOut(500).attr('src', 'images/logoName.png').fadeIn(500);
});

$('#events').hover(function() {
    $('#logo').fadeOut(500).attr('src', 'images/logoEvents.png').fadeIn(500);
}, function() {
    $('#logo').fadeOut(500).attr('src', 'images/logoName.png').fadeIn(500);
});

Another option is the new jQuery function .clearQueue()

A: try to use the .stop() method to interrupt the previous easing
$('#home').hover(function() {
    $('#logo').stop().fadeOut(500).attr ('src', 'images/logoHome.png').fadeIn(500);
}, function() {
    $('#logo').stop().fadeOut(500).attr('src', 'images/logoName.png').fadeIn(500);
});

$('#events').hover(function() {
    $('#logo').stop().fadeOut(500).attr('src', 'images/logoEvents.png').fadeIn(500);
}, function() {
    $('#logo').stop().fadeOut(500).attr('src', 'images/logoName.png').fadeIn(500);
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Necaxa Vs. Monterrey Preview: Rayos Still Fighting To Avoid The Drop
By Kim McCauley@lgbtqfc Mar 11, 2011, 12:36pm PST
Share All sharing options for: Necaxa Vs. Monterrey Preview: Rayos Still Fighting To Avoid The Drop
Monterrey's Humberto "Chupete" Suazo will miss Friday's match against Necaxa.
Incredibly, Necaxa are inching back towards safety in the Mexican Primera Division. When the Rayos started their season with four consecutive losses, their relegation seemed all but assured. Since then, they're unbeaten in their last five games, notching three wins and five draws. Those 11 points have Necaxa at a relegation coefficient that is back above an even one, and they are now less than a tenth of a point behind Queretaro. Atlante, Jaguares, Atlas, and Estudiantes Tecos are all within two tenths of a point. If Queretaro drop points against Puebla while Necaxa rattle off a victory, the Rayos will climb out of the drop spot. Based on how poorly they started, it's crazy to think about.
Their streak comes under serious attack on Friday night as they take on Monterrey. The Rayados haven't been as potent in this tournament as the previous three, but they're still loaded with stars and managed by one of the best in the business, Victor Manuel Vucetich. Thankfully for them, Santos Laguna have been inexplicably poor this season, so 13 points in nine games is good enough for a guaranteed Liguilla place so far in Group 1.
Incredibly, this match is not just about Monterrey's Liguilla prospects and Nexaca avoiding the drop, but also about Necaxa's chances at Liguilla. With a win, the Rayos will move up to second place in Group 1, which would be good for a guaranteed Liguilla place. Based on their start and how good both Monterrey and Santos were in the last three tournaments, this seemed unthinkable just a few weeks ago.
If Necaxa are going to be able to get a point or a win out of this game, keeping a clean sheet will be key. Somehow, they've managed three wins and 11 points from just five goals so far, but that's not a major fluke. Their defense is fantastic, and it will need to continue to be fantastic on Friday night.
They made one signing to try to cure their scoring woes - Sergio Blanco - but he's only contributed one goal so far this season. Blanco was great for relegation rivals Queretaro and for Club Nacional in Uruguay, so it wouldn't be surprising to see him pick up his scoring sooner rather than later. Tonight would be a great time to start. Monterrey's defense is respectable, but hardly impenetrable. They have allowed 10 goals this season, so a Necaxa goal doesn't seem out of the question.
Monterrey are the better side in this matchup, there's almost no denying that. However, a few things need to be taken into account before predicting that they're going to pick up a win. First of all, Humberto Suazo is still out. Monterrey have won their last two games without Chupete, but both of those games were at home. That leads me to point No. 2, which is that Monterrey are pretty suspect on the road. With a solid no-loss streak intact and survival a serious possibility, the crowd could very well be intimidating at Estadio Victoria. Third, this is the Clausura in the Mexican Primera. Anyone who would bet money or make a guarantee on any game is a fool.
All the factors are in place for a potential upset, can Necaxa capitalize? Check out the match at 9pm ET on Azteca America or Fox Deportes.


Army reservist Sgt. Marshall Thompson, 27, recently embarked on a 500-mile walk across Utah from the Idaho border to the Arizona border, calling for responsible troop withdrawal from Iraq. A Logan native, Thompson just completed a year in Iraq as a military journalist. According to his Website SoldiersPeace.com, Thompson will begin walking south from the Capitol in Salt Lake City on Saturday, Oct. 7, at 8 a.m., down State Street.
When did you decide you couldn't support the war in Iraq?
nBefore we went into Iraq in 2003. The problem was we were attacking a nation based on the fear that they might, at some future date, do something to harm us. Pre-emptive war is by nature superfluous and immoral.
Why is the U.S. mission in Iraq failing?
nBecause there is a U.S. mission in Iraq. We're inciting the violence, and when we're not inciting it, we're creating it. The best way to a stable Iraq is to leave in a responsible manner. President Bush must find this a galling Catch-22.
How would you propose withdrawing the troops?
nI'd start with an immediate withdrawal of 10,000 troops. … Then I would continue until everyone is safe and Iraq is free. All evidence points to Iraq being stable as soon as the United States leaves. … One example of a benchmark plan like this is available at FoFChange.org.
What role should the United States play in the Middle East?
nThat of an investor, particularly in Iraq. Right now we pay corrupt American contractors to fix the infrastructure in Iraq and no progress is made. I think we should pay corrupt Iraqi contractors and at least put some money into their economy.
Any surprises on your walk?
nYou have no idea how much roadkill there is. … I've seen a flattened version of every indigenous animal except an elk.


text:
Breakfast after chores
Clayton Rye
editor@messengernews.net
-Messenger photo by Clayton Rye
Eldon and Nancy Haas' barn was built back in 1914. The barn was home to the family's shorthorn cattle dairy operation.
An old basketball hoop is evidence that work wasn't the only activity that took place in the Haas barn.
LAKOTA — The farm of Eldon and Nancy Haas is located north of Lakota on the west side of U.S. Highway 169. From the highway a passerby can see the red barn with its white steel roof. It's an indication of the significance of the barn to the farm.
"That barn provided a lot of income over the years," said Eldon Haas. "We keep it painted. I couldn't stand to see the roof leak."
Eldon Haas said the barn was built by Benjamin Franklin Sharp in 1914 and then the house that is located nearby. The carpenters used a boxcar load of lumber that was hauled from Elmore, Minnesota, a few miles north.
B.F. Sharp was a progressive farmer and was the first farmer with a rubber-tired tractor, according to Eldon Haas. At about that same time, he also added a lean to the north side of the barn for his beef cattle operation.
An interesting fact about the Haas farm is that it also has an Artesian well that is 200 feet deep.
"We have 40 degree water year around," said Eldon Haas.
The water flowed into a basement cistern and was used for laundry and something that resembled a toilet said Eldon Haas. The overflow went to a tank used for hogs and then to a creek.
The family's dairy operation consisted of shorthorn cattle and the milking was done on the south side of the barn.
Alfred Hurlburt, Eldon Haas' father in law, moved to the farm after a second tenant named Engstrom left. Hurlburt milked 25 head of Holsteins from 1958 to 1967.
Eldon Haas said the hay mow held 2,500 bales of hay for the dairy cattle.
"They could make it all disappear," said Eldon Haas.
Eldon and Nancy Haas moved on to farm in 1968 after his father in law and they farmed on crop shares. In 1979, they purchased the farm from the Sharp children.
Eldon fed 150 to 200 head of beef cattle that he purchased in the west until 1982. After the cattle he raised 500 head of hogs, farrow to finish.
In its life the barn has been used for dairy cattle, beef cattle and hogs.
"It's seen a lot of different activities," said Eldon Haas.
The silo next to barn was used for storing feed for the cattle. He unloaded the silo by hand, scooping at a constant rate, while Nancy Haas held a stop watch so they could know when there was enough silage in the wagon.
"We never had breakfast until the cattle were fed," said Eldon Haas.
Eldon Haas' father, Elmer Haas, was involved on the farm as well. He passed away at age 87 after a very short bout with cancer.
"He was a great man," said Eldon Haas of his father. "He was good to me."
Eldon and Nancy Haas are the parents of three daughters and, at age 78, have retired off the farm.
"It was a good farm life for us, said Eldon Haas.
New dealership opens in Webster City
Growth Alliance adds new board members
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Business in 2020
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Rising up


The most amazing Gucci book yet. Dapper Dan's Harlem by Ari Marcopoulos is a leather bound, gold-text-embossed bible of Harlem, where Dapper Dan introduced high fashion to hip hop.
Black and white landscape photographs are printed on super thin bible paper with tipped in colour photographic prints throughout. The colour sections explore Dan's atelier and profile the man himself.


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It is very easy to be a great cook! The next time you're cooking a meal, don't be afraid to experiment and try new things. The tips will give you the guidance you need to have confidence when cooking and to try new and interesting things. Use this advice to greatly improve upon your cooking skills.
You should do the prep work for your meals in advance. It is quite important that the preparation is done well in advance of the cooking process. Trying to cook a meal that has to be on the table by a certain time can be stressful. Do the prep work as early as you can to avoid stress later.
TIP! When possible, complete all of the prep work in advance. It is important to have all the prep work done before you start cooking.
If you keep herbs and spices handy, make sure you are keeping them in a dark, cool area. If they are exposed to light, heat or humidity, they will lose much of their flavor. Ground spices typically maintain their flavor for around a year. Whole spices last longer, possibly as long as five years. Proper storage will enhance the flavoring for a longer time.
If you're trying to start making more food yourself, try looking at basic cookbooks in your local library or bookstore. Focus on one recipe at a time and give yourself enough time to improve your cooking.
TIP! In your journey to cook more meals yourself, utilize the library or local bookstore in acquiring cookbooks. Target simple books with simple recipes that make you comfortable.
When you are making stir-fry dishes, make certain the meat is thinly sliced on the bias. This may take some time and effort. When the meat is firm, but prior to it becoming completely frozen, remove it from the freezer. Slice the meat across the grain at an angle of 45 degrees.
To make a delicious beef stir-fry, slice your meat thinly and across the grain. It can be difficult to slice the meat, and it takes some time. Then take the meat of out the freezer when it has firmed up a little, but has not frozen yet, and cut the meat at 45 degrees with the grain.
TIP! Slice your meat very thinly for stir-fry dishes. This is not easy to do and could take some time.
There's a neat trick you can use to save your sauce. In a medium sized bowl, mix together 1 tblsp water and 2 tblsp corn starch. Stir this solution into your simmering thin sauce until it thickens. Be sure to gradually stir in the solution, and frequently stir the sauce so that it does not become too thick.
Always keep a set of sharp knives in your kitchen. The duller the knife, the more difficult your kitchen task will be. You are also in danger of cutting yourself if you choose a dull knife. Use a sharp knife and it will glide right through the items you wish to cut, without you having to put a great amount of force behind the blade.
TIP! Having sharp knives when you are cooking is very important. Dull knives are more dangerous to use and they are less productive as well.
Cooking methods like boiling tend to destroy a lot of the nutrients that are in vegetables. To retain their nutritional value, saute or steam them. Better yet, eat them raw.
TIP! Certain methods of preparing vegetables, such as boiling, can reduce their nutrients, due to the length of cooking time. To retain the healthy nutrients, quickly steam or sauté your vegetables, or even better, eat them raw.
Sharp knives are essential to cooking. Not only can it be difficult to cut with dull knives, but it is dangerous to use them too. You can cut yourself so easily trying to force dull knives through something than it is to make a simple cut with a sharp one.
While it may be tempting to show off your culinary talents when entertaining a new love-interest or your boss, you will do best if you keep to a menu you are familiar with, and has already garnered rave reviews. Don't attempt a dish that is new or very far out of your experience level. Cooking will be less stressful.
TIP! If you have a meal that is important, like for a date or your boss, try cooking one of your better dishes so that you are familiar with it and know it tastes good. You can avoid stress by sticking to familiar recipes and food you enjoy.
Soaking raw potatoes for 30 minutes prior to frying will produce the crispiest French fries. Cold water will allow the sliced potato to retain its internal fibers, meaning that they are less likely to completely break down when cooked at a high heat.
Popular French fried potato recipes suggest soaking the potatoes in water for 30 minutes before cooking them. The soaking process will reinforce the vegetable fibers, and they will be better able to withstand heat when you fry them.
TIP! If you want crispier and crunchier French fries, then soak the potatoes in a bowl of cold water for a period of at least half an hour before use. The potatoes need to soak because the fibers will be reinforced through the cold fluids which in turn makes them fry better.
To reduce fat and calories in mashed potatoes without sacrificing texture or taste, replace some of your potatoes with an equal amount of cauliflower. The taste of cauliflower will blend nicely with the potatoes. Cauliflower mashes into the same texture and color as potatoes, so no one will notice, and you you will get the benefits.
TIP! Replacing some of your mashed potatoes with equal amounts of cauliflower is a healthy alternative, reducing fat and calories. You will not even taste the cauliflower in with the potatoes, because it is so bland.
When cooking vegetables, cook them as quickly as possible to keep their nutritional value. Taste and nutritional value suffer when vegetables are slow-cooked. These speed-cooking techniques usually produce vegetables that are more nutritious overall. Adapting the principle of faster cooking times is a crucial element in serving better quality vegetables to your family and friends.
Do you plan on cooking with fresh basil? Store the basil within a glass. Cover its stems with water. You can put it on the kitchen counter and keep it for weeks. If you perform periodic water changes, the roots of the basil will grow in the water. To encourage growth, you can trim some of the leaves to use in your cooking.
TIP! Are you going to cook with fresh basil? Take the basil and place it in a glass. Next, ensure the stems are covered with water.
If you love using fresh basil, try growing it on your own to always have it on hand. Place some basil in a clean glass. Pour water in the glass until the stems of the fresh basil are completely covered. Place it on your kitchen counter to keep it fresh for weeks! If the water is changed periodically, the basil may even sprout roots. Trim or cut the basil regularly to encourage growth and you will be able to enjoy fresh basil!
You can also use this seasoning on foods other than meat. For example, sprinkle it over roasted nuts or seeds, or use a dash when cooking eggs for breakfast. Simply sprinkling on these kinds of seasonings can turn your dish into an instant hit.
TIP! You can use it on other types of food besides meat. It can be put on pumpkin seeds for a yummy snack, or even in scrambled eggs for a zesty breakfast.
Do you ever have difficulty determining how long you should grill your meat? A reliable meat thermometer can help you ensure that the meat is properly cooked on the inside. For the most accurate readings, invest in a digital thermometer. If you're grilling especially thick slabs of meat – anything thicker than an inch and a half – bring the lid down on your grill to speed up the cooking process.
Sauteing vegetables in chicken broth is very healthy. Not only will the flavor be enhanced, but they will be lower in fat without the need for oils and butter. This is a delicious, simple way to cook fresh vegetables.
TIP! Sauteing vegetables in a small amount of chicken broth is a healthy and delicious way to cook. The chicken broth will cut down on the fat in your vegetable dishes while enhancing their flavor.
Always store baking supplies such as baking mixes, flour, and sugar in airtight containers. Putting your food in these kinds of containers will prevent insects from getting into the food and prevent them from going bad from air exposure. You can buy these nearly anywhere, so they're a worthwhile investment.
If your time is short when making a roast, speed up the process by leaving in the bone while cooking. The bone helps the heat distribute on the inside of the roast, which helps it cook faster. When the roast is done, slice it around the bone.
TIP! Keep the bone in the roast if you want it to cook faster. The roast will need less time to cook because the bone transmits heat inside it.
Optimize your efforts when making your own chicken stock. Plan on preparing a large batch so that the excess can be frozen and used later. You can use the stock as a base for all kinds of soups or even casseroles. Once your stock is cooked, let the leftovers reach room temperature, then portion them into freezer bags.
Protect your investment in herbs and spices by storing them correctly – in a cool, dark space. Storing spices and herbs in cabinets above the stove or in other warmer locations will result in a loss of flavor and a loss of money.
TIP! Store spices and herbs in cool and dark areas so their freshness and flavors are preserved. Storing these items in warm locations will lead them to lose their flavor quicker.
Reduce the amount of cooking oil you use if you are looking to lose weight and make your diet healthier. Oil or butter add more fat than necessary to your dishes. Try cooking with a cooking spray so that you will use less oil but the same effect.
Make the most of your holiday feast by reusing the leftover turkey. Instead of tossing out the leftovers, store them in a container that is airtight and place in the freezer. This will keep the meat fresh for a couple of weeks. When you are ready to use it, you can make sandwiches or have it in a salad.
TIP! After you eat turkey, do not just toss the leftovers in the garbage. Cut it up, put it in an airtight container, store it in the freezer and use it later.
Everyone who cooks needs to have good kitchen organization. If they are not properly organized, you will wind up rummaging around to find what you need. Keep certain similar tools in one area. For example, keep all of your spices in one cabinet. You can even organize them further by grouping them according to color, flavor, type or any other effective method.
TIP! It will be very helpful to have all cooking supplies nicely organized. If they aren't organized, you will waste valuable time getting everything together at the last minute.
Use the tips you just read about to help you improve your cooking skills. Try each tip once or twice to see if it's something you can use. The more frequently you put these ideas to use, the more quickly you can refine your cooking aptitude. Improve your cooking skills significantly in under a week by adding these tips to your arsenal of kitchen tricks.
New spices should be purchased every six months. When spices are stored for too long, their flavor degrades, resulting in a less potent spice. If you find yourself buying a spice that you aren't going to finish, split it and give half away to a friend.
TIP! New spices should be purchased every six months. When a spice is kept for a while, it won't have the same flavor.


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Q: Can't find Gaius Maro's body after killing him in Solitude For the quest "Breaching Security", you're to kill Gaius Maro (preferably in a town) and then place a letter on his body.
I followed him to Solitude and transformed into a werewolf to kill him, to avoid the bounty. I then ran outside to transform back, planning to return inside Solitude then.
When I got back in however, the marker for his body seems to be underground, near where I killed him. It's not a door marker. Is this a glitch where his body has disappeared, or has his body been moved somewhere (like the Hall of the Dead)?

A: It is likely that his body is indeed underground. Werewolf attacks often fling corpses behind objects, or it could've been a glitch during area transition. Are you playing on the PC? If yes, then you can move his body to yourself by typing prid 44051 followed by moveto player in the console. Otherwise your best bet would be to reload a save prior to killing him or leaving the area, if you have one. On the PC, a backup copy of your previous quicksave is kept, which you can restore by removing the second .bak extension. Perhaps a similar technique could be used on a console.


JAKARTA (TheInsiderStories) — Good morning! The Rupiah and Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) have both taken another hit. This is in part due to the United States' Federal Reserves and Bank Indonesia' (BI) monetary action.
The Rupiah plummeted by 0.82 percent to 14,499 against US dollar. Then, JCI fell by 0.45 percent, down to 6,147.87 with Rp450.66 billion (US$31.08 million) net sell. The finance sector had the second deepest degradation after basic industry and chemicals.
The decision to keep the key rate unchanged is considered enough, as it was anticipated earlier, by increasing the rate in November. Moreover, BI is optimistic that next year's economy will be better than this year's .
Especially, the Fed will not be as aggressive as this year. US' central bank rate has been increased four times this year and expected for only two more hikes next year.
Perry Warjiyo, the BI' Governor, said that authorities try to maintain the attractiveness of domestic financial markets and reduce the current account deficit (CAD). Seeing the high trade balance deficit in November, the Bank predict that the CAD will be worse than expected, up to 3 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). But he stressed that it is not an alarming condition.
Then, Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) will not be agreed upon this year, due to foreign political policy. Without mentioning the issue, Trade Minister Enggartiasto Lukita said that the discussion domain is now between each Foreign Minister.
The agreement hang up is allegedly because of Australia's plan to move its embassy to Jerusalem, which can increase tension in the region. While Indonesia's stance supports the two-state solution for the Palestine and Israel dispute.
Moreover, AirAsia' official Yulia Sintawati received Rp20 million from AirAsia ground staff to slip off suspect Lippo Group official Eddy Sindoro from a Soekarno-Hatta Airport immigration check.
Sindoro, who was arriving from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on August 28, successfully got out of the airport in disguise. He suspected of bribing former Registrar of Central Jakarta District Court, Edy Nasution, in an effort to submit a judicial review.
Meanwhile, the Malaysian High Court reinstated a decision by the Malaysia Competition Commission imposing (MyCC) a RM10 million fine on Malaysia Airlines (MAS) and AirAsia Bhd for violating market-sharing prohibition. The decision followed MAS and AirAsia' appeal, calling the accusation as an error of law and unreasonable.
MyCC has the authority to fine MAS and AirAsia 10 percent of their global revenue. But the fine was lower because both airlines were considered cooperative during the investigation. The RM10 million fine for each airline was based on AirAsia and MAS' flights for several Kuala Lumpur routes, from January until April 2012 period.
Today moslem mass will demonstrate at the Chinese embassy as part of solidarity action for Uyghur moslem. Estimated number of 1,000 masses consisting of mass organizations 212 group, Front Pembela Islam, other Islamic mass organizations and other Islamic students will attendt the Action 212 Uyghur Moslem Solidarity.
Xinjiang authorities in northwest China has arrested have arrested a Uyghur senior court official for "two-faced" tendencies after he expressed concern over the mass incarceration of members of his ethnic group in recent years.


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Laurie Penny, Gaslighter
According to Laurie Penny, conservatives are the true enemies of free speech and the illiberal student activists who beat them up, 'no platform' their speakers and disrupt their events are merely questioning the establishment
As they stagger on under the "leadership" of Theresa May, this Conservative government continues to cast about aimlessly for some kind of raison d'être, a justification for showing up for work in the morning which sounds marginally more noble than "because daytime TV sucks".
And so it came to pass that the unremarkable minister for universities, Jo Johnson, decided to jump on the increasingly popular right-wing bandwagon of bashing identity politics, demanding that universities uphold a commitment to free speech and promise not to use no-platforming or safe spaces to suppress the exchange of ideas on pain of being fined or even deregistered as an institution by the Office for Students.
This is all incredibly boring. Jo Johnson was head of the Downing Street Policy Unit from 2013-2015 under David Cameron, right at the time when illiberal identity politics zealots were cementing their power. If Johnson had a burning desire to protect free speech, he could have persuaded Cameron to take up the cause. He did not do so. It is also curious that he now wants to become a crusader for free speech when working for an authoritarian prime minister whose every instinct points the opposite way, toward more regulation and censorship. In short, this whole thing is a PR stunt by a rudderless Tory Party chasing headlines rather than following an ideological compass.
But all this is only to be expected. More noteworthy is the response to Johnson's posturing by identity politics priestess Laurie Penny, who took to the New Statesman to claim not just that conservatives are exaggerating the threat to free speech but that it is entirely a figment of their imagination.
Penny's article begins dishonestly, and then gets worse:
The nonsensical consensus amongst the centre-right that today's students are a bunch of censorious cry-babies plays well with the base, so Johnson Minor has jumped on the rickety bandwagon barreling down the road to the palace of convenient fictions, where a delicate banquet of delusion will be served to those whose cash and status protect them from ever having to hear their opinions questioned by a bunch of rowdy kids.
Conservatives seeking protection from having their opinions questioned? This is an interesting inversion. Rather than trying to minimise the issue and argue that the threat to free speech on campus has perhaps been blown out of proportion and is perhaps not as bad as portrayed, Laurie Penny insists – rather shamelessly – that the problem does not exist at all, that it is all a figment of our imagination.
Penny must be a secret neo-conservative fan girl because this is a consummate Karl Rove strategy, whereby she shamelessly accuses her opponents of the identity politics Left's own glaring flaws. Where is the lengthy list of prominent left-wing speakers who have been banned from college campuses by conservatives? Where are the left-wing professors who fear for their job security if they question conservative ideas? Where are the left-wing students expelled or suspended from college because they made conservatives feel "unsafe" and contributed to a hostile, non-inclusive atmosphere? They don't exist.
The problem is not that crusty old establishment figures are upset that brave, radical students are questioning their judgment. The problem is that these illiberal students do not merely question ideas, they actively suppress them on the grounds that they amount to dangerous "hate speech" with the power to wound or even kill. Yet through immense self-deception, Penny is able to cast actions which deliberately prevent speech from taking place as mere protest:
This is a non-controversy, and it's unbelievable that otherwise intelligent commentators are taking it seriously. "No-platforming" is just another word for student protest – the practice of opposing invited speakers with bigoted views is a time-honoured one. The cooked-up row over "student censorship" is led by the sort of trembly-whiskered outrage-merchants for whom "censorship" means "making me feel bad about holding certain views".
But protesting an idea and infringing on the rights of another person to express that idea are two very different things. One could excuse any act of violent oppression using Penny's logic. "But lynching is just another word for protest", said the Klansman to the sheriff as he was caught red-handed tying a noose. "I believe that black men are a menacing sexual threat to white women. Doesn't matter if it's true or not, I sincerely believe that it is and on that basis you have no right to stop me stringing up DeShawn over here for making my wife stare at him lustfully".
And so it is with the SJWs. They sincerely believe that words are violence (or at least some of them do – I can't help but think the smarter ones know full well that words are not deadly, but pretend that they are as justification for censoring unwanted ideas) and on that basis they claim the right to "protest" by shutting down the offensive speech, preventing it from taking place or exacting severe physical, financial or bureaucratic consequences for the speaker who dares to persist.
Laurie Penny continues:
There is, I ought to say, a rhetorical difference here that causes some confusion. Today's students are simply more likely to use the language of empathy and trauma in their politics. They're more likely, initially, to say "this book about how women aren't really human might make some of us feel unsafe" than they are to say "this book is bullshit". They're more likely to say "you're doing harm" than they are to say "fuck you".
This is partly because a lot of today's young radicals come from demographics for whom it's far more dangerous to say "fuck you". They are young women, young queer people, young people of colour. Their way of questioning authority is simply less actively aggressive. Today's angry young people are more likely to show you their scars than their fists. That might be passive-aggressive, but it's not politically unsound.
This is nonsense. Today's SJWs and Antifa (the movement's Faith Militant) are equally happy inflicting scars as they are flaunting their own to garner sympathy. It doesn't take long to dig up both high-profile and more obscure cases where the pseudo-victimhood of supposedly marginalised and oppressed groups morphed suddenly into violent aggression on campus.
Witness student Bonita Tindle pushing and shoving a white male student who had the temerity to wear his hair in dreadlocks. Witness the recent incident at University of California – Santa Cruz, in which protesters shut down a meeting of the College Republicans and one protester claimed that she literally felt unsafe meeting in a library which was previously used by college Republicans. Witness the aggression of Jerelyn Luther getting hysterical about Halloween costumes. Witness Black Lives Matter shutting down an ACLU free speech event at William and Mary College, holding up banners declaring that speech kills. Note, too, the rising trend of outraged leftists demanding that speakers and publishers of wrongthink retract their "harmful" ideas and articles rather than going to the effort of disproving them. The Cult of Social Justice and Identity Politics is causing many on the Left to forget how to argue at all.
Laurie Penny dismisses the current ideological focus on "harm" as a mere difference in rhetoric compared to previous generations, which is blatantly false. If you think a prominent idea is "bullshit" and evidently false then you generally relish the opportunity to publicly tear it down and discredit its proponents. But the SJWs do not do this. All too often, they don't even attempt to engage with the substance because they claim that even hearing contrary thoughts expressed will do them physical and emotional harm.
There is hardly a shortage of literature and academic research on the rise of victimhood culture and learned fragility/unresilience. One thinks particularly of the paper "Microagression and Moral Cultures" by Bradley Campbell and Jason Manning, which discussed the difference between dignity, honour and victimhood cultures, or Jonathan Haidt's development of these ideas.
Laurie Penny is doing a fantastic job of telling often well-meaning leftists exactly what they want to hear. She seeks to assuage any doubts that some wavering souls may feel about their movement's snarling illiberalism by waving away any concerns as the desperate squeaking of a racist, misogynist old guard who are simply upset at the loss of their hegemony. After all, it is much easier to dismiss concern as the self-interest of oppressive powers rather than reflect on the ideological oppression they themselves are inflicting in the name of social justice.
But in telling conservatives that persistent, concrete efforts by the Left to paint their ideas as intolerably extremist and forbid their expression on campus are merely imagined, Penny is actively gaslighting. She is engaging in that coercive, manipulative behaviour more common to spousal abusers by portraying her opponents as crazy and flat-out denying observable reality in order to delegitimise conservative concerns about free speech suppression.
That Laurie Penny feels able to lie and deceive so freely in the pages of the New Statesman shows just how strong the Cult of Social Justice and Identity Politics has become. Adherents to this illiberal, censorious cult no longer fear being discredited or held to account for their lies. So complete is their control over academia and so cowed and enslaved are the media and many politicians that people like Laurie Penny can now create their own reality and demand that others accept it as real.
If a conservative were to insist that capitalism was completely flawless or deny that poverty exists, they would be laughed out of town and rightly lose all credibility. Yet Laurie Penny can use her exalted perch in the New Statesman to deny that things we can all see taking place on Western university campuses are even happening at all, yet still be taken seriously the next time she spouts off on TV.
That's the protective power of the Cult of Social Justice and Identity Politics at work.
That's how close conservatives and defenders of free speech are to losing this war.
LeftWatch, Social Justice Watch, UK Current Affairs, UK PoliticsCensorship, Conservative Party, Free Speech, Gaslighting, Identity Politics, Jo Johnson, Laurie Penny, No Platform, Safe Space Policy, SJWs, Social Justice, Social Justice Warriors, University
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2 thoughts on "Laurie Penny, Gaslighter"
Douglas Carter October 22, 2017 / 7:40 AM
….'….the practice of opposing invited speakers with bigoted views is a time-honoured one'…
To take that line out of her piece and observe it in solitary context only, it's a fair and accurate point. However, to be accurate, the word 'bigoted' rightly falls between defined goalposts.
I'm finding that a large number of aggressively vociferous political activists have mounted their goalposts on castors. so that the dimensions of their preferred political goalmouth can be conveniently altered to an infinite degree. And on numerous occasions within only one debating point.
wien1938 October 21, 2017 / 9:01 PM
Despicable woman.