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Essay:Ann Coulter
This essay is an original work by Morgan Brikiin.
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I just read some things about Ann Coulter – she is quite frankly the biggest fucking bitch on earth. She's a damn fundamentalist who thinks women shouldn't vote, and she's a woman! That's like a Jewish Neo-Nazi or a gay Republican. Here's some quotes from this queen bee bitch from hell along with comments by me relating to why I hope she dies:
"We should invade their countries, kill their leaders and convert them to Christianity. We weren't punctilious about locating and punishing only Hitler and his top officers. We carpet-bombed German cities; we killed civilians. That's war. And this is war."
Fuck you, Fascist whore. How'd you feel if a country invaded where you lived, and you were fucking shot after tossed back and forth by a platoon of horny soldiers? Yes, that's war too, if you're a woman. Convert them to Christianity? I'm sorry bitch, I forgot this was the Ottoman Empire.
"I think [women] should be armed but should not vote. No, they all have to give up their vote, not just, you know, the lady clapping and me. The problem with women voting -- and your Communists will back me up on this -- is that, you know, women have no capacity to understand how money is earned. They have a lot of ideas on how to spend it. And when they take these polls, it's always more money on education, more money on child care, more money on day care."
If you think women should be behind the curtain in society, why did you write a bunch of books and go around bitching your conservative bullshit?
"If you want a shorter rebuilding process, then we're going to have to wage less humane wars. The enemy — as well as innocent civilians — must be bombed into quivering terror. Otherwise, we displace aggression but don't destroy it. Americans are weaker for having seen that kind of carnage in World War II. Recall that the Worst Generation was raised by the Greatest Generation. That tells you how awful war is. The Greatest Generation was so exhausted by the war, it didn't have the spine to stand up to pot-smoking, draft-dodging hippies occupying administration buildings."
Tell ya what, why don't you go to an African villiage in somewhere like the Central African Republic, and just sit back and watch 10 year old boys being shot, seeing women being raped, seeing buildings being burnt down. Honestly, Ann, you're a brainless jackass.
"We need to execute people like John Walker Lindh in order to physically intimidate liberals, by making them realize that they can be killed, too. Otherwise, they will turn out to be outright traitors,"
Hey, here's an idea. You kill a few liberals, we kill a few conservatives, and have ourselves a big fucking genocide. Maybe we'll compromise and start doing it to the blacks instead, since, of course, we're human. Or how 'bout we just send you to Saudi Arabia, where you get rocks thrown at you for showing your ankle?
"Saddam's barbaric rape rooms, chemical attacks and torture — those, liberals could live with. But now they want us to send troops to Darfur, a country from which no one anticipates terrorism anytime in the next millennium. If you're looking for a good definition of "no imminent threat," Darfur is it... These people can't even wrap up genocide. We've been hearing about this slaughter in Darfur forever — and they still haven't finished. The aggressors are moving like termites across that country. It's like genocide by committee. Who's running this holocaust in Darfur, FEMA?...Darfur is not the threat... though a hostage-taking, Holocaust-denying lunatic who doesn't own a necktie but is within two years of having a nuclear bomb comes to mind. You can already hear Harry Reid and Nancy Pelosi saying, "If the Democrats were in charge, the use of military force wouldn't be necessary because we'd constructively engage them and appease their stated desire to kill us."
So you like the idea of thousands of innocent people getting shot? Honestly I've never heard a rational human say that they wonder why they can't just shoot everybody and bury them all in a mass grave and be done with it. If genocide isn't a good reason to send a peacekeeping force, then why is an oppressive regime a good excuse to invade a country? The Nazis killed millions, Saddam killed thousands, tens of thousands are dying in Darfur.
Ann Coulter must've been held under water when she was a kid, because honestly, all she has to say is hot air, and sure, I'm just spewing hot air, but atleast I'm spewing hot air that smells like cookies, and she's spewing hot air composed mostly of chlorine gas. The only thing I'll give her is she breaks the idea set by Phyllis Schlafly that conservative nut job women are ugly, not like I'd do anything with her.
This is just more evidence that fundamentalist Christians are mindless idiots.
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The foods to avoid in the Paleo (or cave man) diet are ones that wreak havoc on your health and sabotage weight-loss goals. Unapproved Paleo foods create hormonal imbalances, trigger inflammation, and make you age more quickly.
Grains contain toxic antinutrients — substances that prevent your body from absorbing the nutrients it needs and that create autoimmune and digestive irritation — and inflammatory proteins like gluten. They damage your gut lining and cause irritation throughout the body. Many of these grains also cause the body to release insulin, which triggers fat storage.
Foods that come in brightly colored boxes or crinkly, vacuum-sealed bags are generally not Paleo-approved. Candy, baked goods, junk food, and prepackaged meals are usually loaded with chemicals, additives, sugar, and other ingredients you'll find on the Paleo "no" list. Eating Paleo means eating real, natural food, so foods produced in a lab or a factory are out.
Although beans have a reputation for being healthful, they contain many of the same antinutrients that grains do. Even with pre-soaking, sprouting, or fermenting, beans are a high-carbohydrate food that triggers insulin release and are difficult for your body to digest.
Snow peas, sugar snap peas, and green beans are the exception to the no-beans rule because those vegetables are green and are more pod than pea.
Humans are the only species that drink the milk of another animal, and the only species that continue to drink milk past the weaning period. Cow's milk is designed to help calves grow quickly so they can sprint away from predators, not for humans to consume throughout their lives. In addition, processed cow's milk contains growth hormones, bacteria, and antibiotics and also produces a strong insulin response.
One exception to the no-dairy rule is clarified butter from a cow that's organically and grass-fed. This type of butter is an excellent source of healthy fat.
White potatoes are like the useless, black sheep of the vegetable family, and they deserve a shady reputation. Because of their high sugar and starch content, they produce a big insulin response, and they also contain antinutrients that can cause intestinal distress.
Be extra careful not to eat potatoes that appear to be turning green because it's an indication of an increased level of solanine and chaconine. These substances occur in nature to ward off insects, disease, and predators by making the food bitter, which also makes them toxic to you. So if your potatoes taste bitter or are starting to turn green, definitely take them off the menu!
Eliminating all sugar from your diet is impossible. After all, the carbohydrates in healthy vegetables and fruits are, essentially, sugar. For optimal health and weight loss, you need to eliminate added sugars from your diet, including sugar in all its (deliciously sweet) forms and artificial sweeteners.
Sugar is sugar is sugar, but after your 30-Day Reset step of the Paleo diet, you can enjoy organic, raw honey from time to time. All types of sugar, including high-quality honey, produce an insulin response in your body. But once in a while, a little honey can be a sweet treat as part of a healthy Paleo diet.
These oils are often billed as "healthy," but they're not naturally occurring fats, so they require significant processing to become edible. They're prone to turning rancid and creating free radicals in your body, making them very inflammatory.


Dir: Jorge Ali Triana. Colombia/France. 2002. 93 mins.
Since taking the top prize at Mar del Plata last year, Bolivar, That's Me, an offbeat satire about an actor who starts to over-identity with the character he is playing, has been a regular guest on the international festival circuit, playing at the Havana Festival of New Latin American Cinema just before Christmas. However, broader commercial prospects, especially outside Latin America, will depend on the extent to which audiences are attuned to the significance of Simon Bolivar, the 19th-century military leader whose life is the starting point for the story. The film's ironic humour is unlikely to be to all tastes, although entrepreneurial specialist distributors may be encouraged by its clutch of specialist awards on the international circuit.
Santiago (Robinson Diaz) is starring in a TV series about Bolivar, a figure whose impressive achievements - he liberated Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador from Spanish rule - ought to provide rich fodder for a drama. This, however, is a silly soap opera interested mainly in Bolivar's putative stream of mistresses.
When the script requires him to die at the hands of a firing squad (instead of the real-life tuberculosis) the actor flies into a rage, accusing the producers of distorting history to boost ratings. Stomping off set, Santiago, still in costume, rides a white horse through Bogota, hallucinating that he is, in fact, the great soldier.
A string of absurd incidents follows, as Santiago/Bolivar presides over the anniversary parade of his own death and picks up a prostitute at a nightclub. Extraordinarily, most of the people the actor meets collude in his fantasy, addressing him as though he were really Bolivar - except for the television show's director who is on Santiago's trail, accompanied by a doctor keen to certify him insane.
Director Jorge Ali Triana's previous films, A Time To Die (1985) and Mayor Oedipus (1996) were both scripted by the novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and a stronger hand , such as Marquez's, would have helped here to maintain the film's delicate blend of dream and reality. While Bolivar, That's Me contains many piquant and amusing scenes, it's not entirely successful in keeping this balance.
Triana prefers it to be seen as a psychological portrait of one man's delusions rather than as political satire. This central ambiguity eventually diminishes the dramatic impact of the film, which descends into confusion after Santiago kidnaps the Colombian President in a crazed bid to change his country's troubled history. As a director whose background is primarily in theatre, Triana's visual approach is also a little functional for a story which cries out for a touch of magical excess. On the plus side, Diaz proves himself a charismatic lead and, for all its weaknesses, the film is never less than diverting and provocative.


It will also be better if you will change your lights if you still incandescent bulbs. These bulbs discharge almost 98 percent of their ingested energy into heat so CFL or LED bulbs are more energy efficient.
You will need to spend cash for this, but you can save more if you'll substitute them straight away. Your monthly bills will considerably go down because new models are made to help save more electricity.
Everything around us is making use of electricity so most folks feel that it is difficult to get low-cost electricity. Nonetheless, you should do something about this because if you stayed like that, the electric firms will drain your cash. Several reports already mentioned that Texas will experience an increase in energy prices. It is a tad slower in comparison with past times. It is certainly a major problem for many individuals because there will probably be an increase in the price of energy. The good thing is that you could locate strategies to reduce your monthly bills. It is best to try to look at the straightforward guidelines below if you want to guarantee that your regular bills are going to be lower.
The most practical method to save electricity and reduce your bills is to close your lights when you are not using them. all-natural light in daytime as well. Open your curtains and allow all-natural light in your home so you will not have to open your lights during daytime.


New York: There's more cash available to buy shares than at any time in almost two decades, a sign to some of the most successful investors that equities will rebound after the worst year for US stocks since the Great Depression.
The $8.85 trillion held in cash, bank deposits and money-market funds is equal to 74% of the market value of US firms, the highest ratio since 1990, according to Federal Reserve data compiled by Leuthold Group and Bloomberg.
"There is a store of cash out there that is able to take the market higher," said Eric Bjorgen, who helps oversee $3.4 billion at Leuthold. "The same dollar you had last year buys you twice as much S&P 500 as it did a year ago."
Leuthold Group, whose Grizzly Short Fund returned 83% in 2008 thanks to bets against equities, said in its December bulletin to investors that stocks offer one of the great buying opportunities of a lifetime.
The S&P 500 rose 16% from an 11-year low on 20 November as the government rescued New York-based Citigroup Inc., President-elect Barack Obama pledged to stimulate growth with the biggest infrastructure investment since the 1950s, and the Fed cut interest rates to as low as 0% to combat the worst financial crisis in seven decades.
The ratio of cash on hand to US market capitalization jumped 86% in the first 11 months of the year, the biggest increase since the Fed began keeping records in 1959, as the US, Europe and Japan fell into the first simultaneous recessions since World War II.
So-called money of zero maturity, the central bank's measure of US assets available for immediate spending, is mostly held by households, according to Richard G. Anderson, an economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
"What the cash pile on the sidelines represents is dry powder," said Fritz Meyer, the Denver-based senior market strategist at Invesco Aim, which manages about $358 billion. The firm's $1.17 billion Aim Diversified Dividend Fund beat 96% of its competitors this year, and the $3.95 billion Aim Charter Fund topped 93% of similar mutual funds.
Recovery in the second half of the year will probably play out, Meyer added.
Any recovery will depend on a rebound in corporate profits and the economy after $30 trillion was wiped out from world equities this year, according to Frederic Dickson, chief market strategist at DA Davidson and Co. in Lake Oswego, Oregon.
Jobless claims reached a 26-year high this month, while economists surveyed by Bloomberg estimate household spending will fall 1% next year, the most since the aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack. A 13% slump in the median home resale price in November from a year earlier was likely the largest since the 1930s, the National Association of Realtors said last week, damping speculation the housing market is close to a bottom.
Analysts estimate profits at S&P 500 firms will shrink 10.3% in the first three months of 2009 and 5.8% in the second quarter, bringing the stretch of earnings declines to a record eight quarters, Bloomberg data show. Gross domestic product will contract in the first half of the year before growth resumes in the third quarter, according to a Bloomberg survey of economists.
"The fuel supply is there, but people have to have a reason to use it," said Dickson, who helps oversee about $19 billion. "The Fed fired the shot out of the biggest cannon they know. Now the question is, will it hit the right mark?"
This year's slump has left S&P 500 companies valued at an average of 12.6 times operating profit, the cheapest since at least 1998, monthly data compiled by Bloomberg show.
Cash in interest-bearing checking accounts at US banks earns less than 0.1% annually, minus inflation, according to national data compiled by Bankrate.com. Ten-year Treasury notes yield 1.03% after adjusting for the cost of living, and yields fell to the lowest level on record this month.
Seth Klarman's Baupost Group Llc., which held 40-50% of the Boston-based hedge-fund firm's more than $14 billion in cash, reduced its hoard by half to take advantage of falling asset prices, according to the December issue of Harvard Business School's Alumni Bulletin.
The 51-year-old investor, who seeks shares of firms trading at discounts to measures such as assets and cash flow, was the lead editor for the sixth edition of Benjamin Graham and David L. Dodd's Security Analysis, which laid out the principles of value investing followed by billionaire Warren Buffett.
Klarman has generated an annual compound return of 20% in the past 26 years, the Bulletin said. He declined to comment in an emailed response to Bloomberg.
Cash holdings peaked one month before equities began to recover during the two longest recessions since World War II. In July 1982, money of zero maturity as a percentage of the US stock market's value rose to 95% before a 20-month bear market ended and the S&P 500 began a six-month, 36% advance, data compiled by Bloomberg show.
Cash on hand reached $604.5 billion in September 1974, representing a record 1.21 times US stock capitalization. That preceded a 31% gain in equities between October 1974 and March 1975, Bloomberg data show.
"If history tends to repeat itself, we're in the exact same scenario," said Neil Hennessy, who oversees $650 million as president of Hennessy Advisors in Novato, California. "Once the money starts to come back into the market, buying is going to beget more buying. People don't want to be left behind."
Hennessy's Focus 30 Fund beat 96% of its peers this year.
The last time cash accounted for a larger proportion of market value was 1990. The ratio peaked at 75% in October of that year, after the savings and loan industry collapsed, Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. was forced into bankruptcy and the US fell into a recession. The S&P 500 rallied 23% in six months and almost 30% in a year.
Robert Doll, the chief investment officer of global equities at BlackRock, has been buying stocks anticipating the S&P 500 may rise as much as 20% next year. The firm oversees $1.3 trillion. "It's a mountain of cash," Doll, who is based in Plainsboro, New Jersey, said on Bloomberg Radio. "Somebody's just got to find the match and light it."
Thomas R. Keene, Ken Prewitt, Joe Evangelista and Phyllis Halliday in New York and Sree Vidya Bhaktavatsalam in Boston also contributed to this story.


Kids learn young that if you're going to succeed, you'll need the right equipment. Head off to school with confidence when you carry these unique backpacks and bags, each guaranteed to stand out from the rest. We've got bags from Loungefly and Sprayground, along with some we created ourselves because we wished we had them when we were in school! Both parents and children know, everything's a little better when a superhero has your back!


text:
Q: how to extract the elements text into a pandas DataFrame using Selenium I am practicing some scraping for https://www.nytimes.com/section/politics and
and the page looks like this :

my code till now is like this :
Dates = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("css-umh681")
len(Dates)
Date_M=[]
for Date in Dates:
    print(Date.text)
    Date_M.append(Date.text)

Date_M

HeadLines=driver.find_elements_by_class_name("css-1dq8tca")
len(HeadLines)
HeadLine_M=[]
for HeadLine in HeadLines:
    print(HeadLine.text)
    HeadLine_M.append(HeadLine.text)
HeadLine_M

How to extract the text of the selected elements into a dataframe to get this :

A: try this
driver = webdriver.Chrome('chromedriver.exe')

driver.get('https://www.nytimes.com/section/politics')

class_ele = driver.find_element_by_class_name('css-13mho3u')

pos= 0
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['Date','Headline'])

for ol in class_ele.find_elements_by_class_name('css-ye6x8s'):
    data = []
    h2 = ol.find_element_by_class_name('css-1dq8tca').text
    div_2 = ol.find_element_by_class_name('css-umh681').text
    data.append(div_2)
    data.append(h2)
    df.loc[pos] = data
    pos+=1

print(df)
           Date                                           Headline
0  Dec 27, 2018  LinkedIn Co-Founder Apologizes for Deception i...
1  Dec 27, 2018  Trump in Iraq: First Visit to U.S. Troops in C...
2  Dec 27, 2018  Federal Workers, Some in 'Panic Mode,' Share S...
3  Dec 26, 2018  Did a Queens Podiatrist Help Donald Trump Avoi...
4  Dec 26, 2018                   Donald Trump's Registration Card
5  Dec 26, 2018           Donald Trump's Selective Service Records
6  Dec 26, 2018  Arms Sales to Saudis Leave American Fingerprin...
7  Dec 26, 2018  Black Voters, a Force in Democratic Politics, ...
8  Dec 25, 2018  How Did Rifles With an American Stamp End Up i...
9  Dec 25, 2018  Kids, Please Don't Read This Article on What T...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Williams Lake 4615 Cattle Dr. Williams Lake, BC, V2G 5E8 | 250-392-5510
Quesnel 1431-E Jade Road Quesnel, BC, V2J 4L2 | 250-747-3053
Williams Lake | 250-392-5510
4615 Cattle Dr. Williams Lake, BC V2G 5E8
Quesnel | 250-747-3053
1431-E Jade Rd. Quesnel, BC V2J 4L2
Williams Lake: 250-392-5510
Quesnel: 250-747-3053
About Animal Care HospitalS Of Williams Lake & QUESNEL
Our team at the Animal Care Hospitals Of Williams Lake and Quesnel takes our commitment to our patients, clients, and our animal community seriously. We work hard to earn our patients' and clients' trust and to provide the best veterinary care that we can for all creatures great and small. Contact us to learn more.
Dr. Doug Magnowski
Dr. Jenny Thompson
Dr. Bianca Scheidt
Dr. Amy Jordan
Dr. Anna Ree
Dr. Katie Bennett
Born and raised on a ranch in the Cariboo, Dr. Magnowski graduated from the University of Saskatchewan Western College of Veterinary Medicine in 1987. He is passionate about veterinary medicine and providing the broadest scope of quality veterinary services possible for our region alongside his team of dedicated, caring veterinary health professionals. Dr. Magnowski began his career in Williams Lake in 1987. In 1995, he and his wife, Candice, established their own veterinary company which evolved into the Animal Care Hospital Of Williams Lake in 2000, then expanded to include the Animal Care Hospital of Quesnel in 2001. Dr. Magnowski has a special interest in all of the diverse aspects of veterinary medicine, especially surgery, herd health, and small and large animal reproduction. In his spare time, Dr. Magnowski enjoys spending time with his family, fishing, cooking, and trying to find the time to learn to play the guitar.
Dr. Thompson graduated from the University of Saskatchewan Western College of Veterinary Medicine in 1994, after completing her Bachelor of Science from UBC in 1989. During veterinary college and after graduation, Dr. Thompson worked at the Thompson Veterinary Clinic in Thompson, Manitoba. In 1995, Dr. Thompson moved to Williams Lake, where she worked for the Williams Lake Veterinary Hospital and the Central Cariboo Animal Hospital, as well as starting her own house-call practice. After continuing the house call practice for a further four years in Fraser Lake, Dr. Thompson joined the Animal Care Hospital of Williams Lake part-time in 2004 and began full-time in 2009. Dr. Thompson enjoys small animal medicine and surgery and works primarily with dogs and cats. Most of Dr. Thompson's non-working time is spent with her husband, her three boys, and their two dogs and two cats.
Dr. Bianca Scheidt was born and raised in a small village in Germany and always enjoyed working with animals which led her to complete her apprenticeship as an Animal Health Technologist in 1997. In 2003, Dr. Scheidt graduated as a veterinarian from the University of Veterinary Medicine in Leipzig, Germany before moving to Quesnel to work as an animal health technologist and hospital manager at the Animal Care Hospital. In 2008, Dr. Scheidt completed her Canadian veterinarian qualifications and transitioned from being the senior animal health technologist/hospital manager to the primary veterinarian and hospital manager at the Animal Care Hospital of Quesnel along with rotations in our Williams Lake hospital. Since then, Dr. Scheidt never looked back and is enjoying her work with all different species (small and large, exotics and wildlife). Bianca loves challenging cases, surgery, educating clients, and teaching veterinary students and volunteers, and in 2019, she received her Canadian citizenship. In her spare time, Dr. Scheidt enjoys the outdoors and travelling the world with her husband, Bernie, and diverse sports depending on the season.
Dr. Amy Jordan has enjoyed working with the wonderful team at the Animal Care Hospital since 2014. Originally from Ontario, Dr. Jordan, her husband and two children are happy in their Williams Lake home. Dr. Jordan completed her undergraduate degree in Biology from the University of Western Ontario where she played on the Varsity Women's Rugby team winning provincial and world championships. After graduating, she moved to Scotland to complete her veterinary degree at The University of Edinburgh and The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies where she graduated with distinction in 2011 and became a member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. After graduating, Dr. Jordan completed a one-year Equine Surgical Internship at the Caledon Equine Hospital in Ontario. Dr. Jordan worked alongside specialists in equine surgery, dentistry, and ophthalmology as well as gaining excellent experience with lameness, colic and medical cases. Since completing the internship, Dr. Jordan has been enjoying working with all kinds of animals in mixed animal practice - but still has a special interest in horses. Most of all, Dr. Jordan enjoys working together with clients to provide the best care possible for the animals they love.
Dr. Ree moved from the "flatlands" of Alberta to the Cariboo in 2017 after graduating from the Western College of Veterinary Medicine in Saskatoon, SK. Before veterinary school, Dr. Ree completed an undergraduate degree in Biology at the Concordia University of Edmonton. Now a full-fledged veterinarian, Dr. Ree enjoys the variety and challenges of mixed animal practice. There is never a dull moment! Dr. Ree loves to adventure in her free time canoeing, hiking, or camping. Dr. Ree also plays the violin and can't wait to move her horses out west.
Dr. Katie Bennett graduated from the Western College of Veterinary Medicine in 2019. Prior to attending veterinary school, she completed her Bachelor of Science with Honours in Animal Biology at Thompson Rivers University. Dr. Bennett is from Kamloops where she grew up riding horses and participating in several extracurricular activities. Dr. Bennett is involved in all aspects of veterinary medicine at the Animal Care Hospital but has a special interest in equine medicine. In her final year of school, Dr. Bennett was the recipient of the Dino and Dr. Ashburner award for Equine Care. In her spare time, Dr. Bennett enjoys trail running, mountain biking, and backcountry skiing with her dog, Roo.
Animal Care Hospital Of Williams Lake
4615 Cattle Dr.
V2G 5E8
1431-E Jade Road
Call for After Hours Urgent Care
Tuesday – Saturday: 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM
Copyright Animal Care Hospital Of Williams Lake 2021 - Legal - Privacy Policy

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A community fund for the Parish of Geddington & Newton.
It has been 10 years since the first Memorial Lunch was held to commemorate the Tercentenary of Samuel Lee's death in 1708. Postponed from March this year due to inclement weather, 2018 saw the Lunch held on 28 October. A fitting time as it was the first anniversary of John Sutton's death, John being the driving force behind so much of the Charity's increase in its financial health and standing in the community. With a reception, a three-course meal followed by tea or coffee, two speakers this year, followed by an auction and a raffle, it's always a very pleasant social event and, of course, the main fund-raiser for the Charity.
In complete contrast, the Christmas distribution is a tradition that has been held each year since the Charity was first created in 1717. The content of the distribution has changed significantly over the centuries, not least of which was the basic need for food in the 18th and 19th centuries for the poor of the village. These days, the distribution is a reflection of the instruction that Samuel Lee stated in his Will and while the 'need' is no longer there, we are grateful to the 50 or so people who help to keep this 300 year-old tradition alive. If you, or someone you know, is over 75, and would like to be part of this tradition, please get in touch with me or any Trustee. The 2018 distribution will take place on Saturday 22 December from 10am.
And finally, the Trustees would like to remind everybody in Geddington and Newton that they are always willing to consider applications for financial help, by grant or by loan, from residents who find themselves in difficulties or for student needs.


text:
Global leaders say natural gas at a turning point
Increased cooperation between producers and buyers, digitalisation across the value-chain, investment in infrastructure and research and development in innovative technologies will play a pivotal role in positioning natural gas as a fuel of choice for the 21st century global economy.
These were some of the key messages by international gas industry leaders and panellists who participated in the 3rd GECF Annual Workshop on Promotion of Natural Gas Demand held virtually and organised by the GECF (Gas Exporting Countries Forum)
The speakers opined that natural gas is the fuel that can achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the objectives of Paris Agreement as its credentials far outweigh that of other energy sources such as coal and oil.
Welcoming the audience, GECF Secretary General Yury Sentyurin said: "We recognise the vital role that natural gas has to play in energy transition and sustainable development as we strive for energy security for all nations. Now more than ever, there must be a spirit of collective collaboration amongst industry players in order to sustain existing markets, and more so to create new promising ones."
"We also recognise the crucial role of digitalisation as we strive to reduce cost across the natural gas value chain and enhance the competitiveness of natural gas."
Sentyurin noted the workshop was instrumental in increasing awareness of natural gas within the framework of global energy security and provided potential strategies to promote natural gas demand, some of which include the crucial role of advocacy for natural gas, government policies that need to encourage natural gas utilisation, cooperation amongst market stakeholders, the role of technological disruptions, importance of robust pricing mechanisms to secure sustainability of supply, investment in infrastructure in consumer countries, and other actions that will be studied further in the GECF Secretariat for future actions.
The keynote speakers included President of International Gas Union (IGU) Joe Kang, Executive Chairman of African Energy Chamber N J Ayuk, Chairman of Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) Magdy Galal, and Vice-President LNG Marketing and Trading of Petronas Shamsairi Mohd Ibrahim.
Referring to the IGU's latest report, 'Gas Technology and Innovation for a Sustainable Future', Kang spoke about the potential that technology can offer in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy access. He also highlighted the urgency of investment decisions to be made if this potential is to be realised.
Ayuk emphasised the crucial need for development of the gas industry in Africa through investment in infrastructure and industries.
In his comments, Dr Galal pointed out the steps taken by the Egyptian government in stemming the decline in consumption in Egypt due to the Covid-19 impact. The country saw a drop in demand by 13 per cent between January and May 2020 compared to last year.
He said despite the government having lowered the price of gas in the industrial sector, more incentives were needed to be provided by it, especially in the upstream activity by providing flexible terms in the concession agreements. Over the long-term, he said, serious actions should be considered by the gas industry in terms of adapting new strategies to ensure sustainability of the business. This might include significant structural and organisational changes.
Speaking on behalf of Petronas, Ibrahim said the rising number of LNG importing countries, from merely 15 in 2005 to 39 countries in 2019, shows that LNG is well positioned to prosper as the most significant source of energy in the future.
He also highlighted some solutions including LNG bunkering, virtual pipeline system, small-scale break-bulking and vertical integration that will create new and niche markets.
Furthermore, Ibrahim stated that the value of natural gas should be preserved while creating a level-playing field between producers and consumers.
GECF Gas Market Analysis Department Head Mahdjouba Belaifa spoke about the importance of the annual workshop for the industry and the GECF's role in aligning many voices as one voice.
She explained that in the previous two workshops the key identified areas for natural gas were held with a focus on cost competitiveness, policy advocacy, importance of long-term oil indexed contracts for the security of supply, development of infrastructure, and new business models.
She highlighted some of the proposed actions after the workshops such as reinforcement of dialogue, role of R&D, fair access to technology, engagement of policymakers in advocacy for fair policies towards natural gas, the role of social media to sensitise various segments of the public, as well as digital technologies to improve productivity.
In the first panel discussion, 'Improving the competitiveness of natural gas through Cost Optimisation and Digitalisation', the participants discussed a number of themes affecting the global gas and LNG markets. Moderated by Stuart Elliot, Senior Writer of European Gas & LNG at S&P Global Platts, joining this debate were Robbin Mills, CEO of Qamar Energy and Vincent Demoury, General Delegate of International Group of LNG Importers (GIIGNL).
Mills focused his views on the Middle East region, where he mentioned that gas demand growth is expected to shift from power to the industrial sector in the long-term due to increasing renewables deployment and improved efficiency.
As it relates to a gas surplus in the region, this could bring several opportunities, including new lighter industries, intra-regional export projects (gas, LNG and electricity), enhanced oil recovery, hydrogen production, and expansion of e-vehicles, which will support a growth in electricity demand.
Demoury held the view that although LNG has been growing at a healthy pace over the last few years it faces several challenges in a post-COVID-19 world, including economic growth, volatility, affordability, and environmental policies. As such, there is a need that producers, consumers, and policymakers work together to develop methodologies and invest in technology for decarbonising the gas industry and innovation to improve its competitiveness and sustainability.
The second panel, 'Adapting to new gas market realities in a post-COVID-19 situation: Low Prices and Weakened Demand', was moderated by Nikolay Kozhanov, Research Associate Professor at the Gulf Studies Centre at the Qatar University, and featured the presentations of Ayuk, as well as Sergei Komlev, Head of Contract Structuring and Pricing Directorate from Gazprom Export and Mike Fulwood, Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
Fulwood maintained that while there are opportunities for growth in gas demand in Sub-Saharan Africa and emerging Asian LNG markets, gas will continue to face competition from coal in Asia. On the other hand, Sergei drew the audience's attention to spot prices which he believed tended to overreact to even minor market imbalances while in his opinion oil-indexation provided a more stable gas price.
NJ Ayuk reiterated the issue of lack of infrastructure in Africa, in particular, a deficit in regasification facilities. He signalled out the huge potential of gas monetisation in Africa, where gas industry development will trigger social and economic growth and create jobs.
Established in 2008 and geadquartered in Doha, Qatar, GECF is an international governmental organisation of 20 member countries, including Algeria, Bolivia, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Angola, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Norway, Oman, Peru, and the UAE. Together they control 72 per cent of the proven gas reserves, 46 per cent of its marketed production, 55 per cent of pipeline, and 61 per cent of LNG exports across the globe.
GECF increasingly engages with UN agencies, the G20 Ministerial Meeting on Energy Transitions and Global Environment for Sustainable growth, Asean, EEC, Opec, OAPEC, APPO, IEF, IEA, Irena, Olade, IGU, other peers, and regional entities, as well as maintains strategic multifaceted dialogue amongst natural gas producers and consumers.
Source: http://www.tradearabia.com/news/OGN_370382.html


text:
Last edited by Zulumi
3 edition of Nine generations of Guins, from Christopher, 1662 to Cameron, 1991 found in the catalog.
Nine generations of Guins, from Christopher, 1662 to Cameron, 1991
John P. Guin
addenda--2002
by John P. Guin
Published 2002 by John P. Guin in Weslaco, TX (619 Georgia Ave., Weslaco 78596) .
Gwyn family.,
Guin, Christopher, b. ca. 1662 -- Family.,
Guin, Cameron Preston, 1992- -- Family.
Statement [John P. Guin].
LC Classifications CS71.G99 2002
Pagination 116, [20] p. :
So, what are some of the books that have changed the way Kirk Cameron lives? One book he mentions in The Campfire video is More Than a Carpenter by Josh McDowell. Kirk shares that before he became a Christian, he struggled to break free from the thought that God wasn't real and that the Bible wasn't true. Though this book changed everything. The series began in with Sweet Savage Eden – the first book in the North American Woman trilogy. The next two books in the trilogy were also published that year. The Civil War trilogy followed with One Wore Blue in , with the other two books being published in Below is a list of Heather Graham's Camerons Saga books in order.
Guests comprise of James Cameron, Discovery Channel president Jane Root, chair of the Department of Religious Studies at University of North Carolina at Charlotte Professor James Tabor, co-author Dr. Charles Pellegrino, Albright Institute archaeologist Dr. Shimon Gibson, and professor of statistics and mathematics at the University of Toronto. Clan Cameron DNA Project - Y-DNA Classic Chart For genealogy within the most recent fifteen generations, STR markers help define paternal lineages. Y-DNA STR markers change (mutate) often enough that most men who share the same STR results also share a recent paternal lineage.
Stephen Cameron has 11 books on Goodreads with 47 ratings. Stephen Cameron's most popular book is Death In The North Channel. Cameron Christian Popularity. Most Popular # Aries Named Cameron #5. Cameron Christian Is A Member Of. Cam & Nie. Prankster Web Stars. 20 Year Olds. YouTube Stars. Cameron Christian Fans Also Viewed. Nique Nique&King. YouTube Star. King Cid. YouTube Star. Tae Caldwell. YouTube Star. Nick Ireland. YouTube Star.
St Marys Church funeral records, Alpena, Michigan, 1887-1925
Cost-Effective Market Analysis
Just talk to me
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German psychology of to-day
In the potters field
Germ cell tumours
Highways And Byways In Devon And Cornwall
Socio-physical technology
Pistols and petticoats
Vbs-Serengeti Bulletin Insert
approach to the sacred in the thought of Schopenhauer
The Blood Knot
Norwich households
Twilight in South Africa
Tales of Chinatown
The 1st International congress on the problem of humanization of education, 27-30 June 1995
At the close of the day
Windows (Training Guide)
Suicide - Anyone?
Nine generations of Guins, from Christopher, 1662 to Cameron, 1991 by John P. Guin Download PDF EPUB FB2
The American-Canadian author named Cameron has written five series in from Christopher and some stand-alone novels. One of them is the 'Long War' series and the first book in this series is titled 'Killer of Men' and was published by Orion on 8th January of the year The main character of the book is Arimnestos, who is a farm boy.
Judging a Book by More Than Its Cover; About. Founded in by aerial photographer Robert Cameron, Cameron+Company is a boutique publishing house, creating and distributing quality books and calendars with a focus on photography, art, food+wine, children's literature, and publications of regional interest.
Christian Cameron has 65 books on Goodreads with ratings. Christian Cameron's most popular book is Killer of Men (Long War, #1).
Dove Cameron has shared what it was like to watch Descendants following the passing of her costar, Cameron in July, Cameron died. Cameron had, for years, been an outspoken opponent of America's cold-war foreign policy. He was one of the few non-communist voices against US intervention in. Guns N' Roses have announced rescheduled tour dates for In a statement, the band said, "Hey Gunners, our North American tour dates are being rescheduled to summer The trek begins July 10th, in Milwaukee, WI at Summerfest and will make stops throughout the U.S.
and Canada all summer, before wrapping in Los Angeles, CA on Aug ". Cameron Books Cameron Books is a boutique publishing company, specializing in "books that need to be books," with a focus on photography, art, food/wine, children's, and other publications of regional interest.
Comic Book Movies, News, & Digital Comic Books Brooklyn Nine-Nine Producers Developing Craig Robinson-Starring Series for Peacock. The Walking Dead Universe Cameron Bonomolo 10. Christopher Dickey, foreign correspondent and 'Saving the City' author, dead at 68 Christopher Dickey, son of novelist James Dickey, he also worked for The Washington Post and Newsweek.
Check out. The Terminator is a American science fiction film directed by James stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator, a cyborg assassin sent back in time from to to kill Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton), whose son will one day become a savior against machines in a post-apocalyptic future.
Michael Biehn plays Kyle Reese, a reverent soldier sent back in time to protect Sarah. Judging a Book by More Than Its Cover About Founded in by aerial photographer Robert Cameron, Cameron+Company is a boutique publishing house, creating and distributing quality books and calendars with a focus on photography, art, food+wine, children's literature, and publications of regional interest.
Generation No. 2 2 CAMERON (JOHN1) was born Octoand died J He married DINAH COMAN Septem She was born Aug in Warrensburg, Warren, New York, and died Ap Children of JAMES CAMERON and DINAH COMAN are: i.
MARY ANN3 CAMERON, b. Novem Cameron House serves the needs of low-income and immigrant Asian youth and families in San Francisco. Thanks to thousands of faithful volunteers, devoted staff, committed Board members, and enthusiastic supporters like you, Cameron House provides.
Book recommendations, author interviews, editors' picks, and more. Read it now. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required.
Apple. Android. Windows Phone Reviews: 1. The statistical significance of this is that the odds are 97% that 6 generations back this cousin and I have a common male ancestor.
I am 6 generations removed from John Clunes Cameron of 6/4 Cornwall and 5 generations removed from his son, Donald, who died in The paper trail turns that 97% probability into a certainty. In late July, dozens of social media stars flocked to the Hype House, a Hollywood Hills mansion where several top TikTok creators live, for a birthday [ ].
Amid COVID Restrictions, Sonic the Hedgehog Bombs at the Chinese Box Office. Sonic the Hedgehog had a less than stellar debut in China, as the COVID pandemic has led movie theaters overseas to enforce certain procedures.
Christian Cameron answers questions about his new book, God of War. Pick up his book at Chapters, Indigo or Coles stores across Canada, or online at Kenneth Cameron became a published novelist in with the novel Fair Game (as George Bartram), although he had already published several non-fiction books prior to that.
Below is a list of Kenneth Cameron's books in order of when they were first published: Publication Order of Arms Books. Chris Verwijmeren added a new photo to Christian G. Cameron's Author Page's timeline — with Smaro Kirtsidou and 2 others in Plataeae.
Novem Reenacting the scene from Christian G. Cameron s book Marathon on the battlefield of Plataea on the Pen and Sword Tour. James Richard "Rick" Perry (born March 4, ) is an American politician who served as the 14th United States Secretary of Energy from to A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 47th Governor of Texas from tohaving been elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in and later assuming the office from George W.
Bush.Familiar Garden Birds of America by Collins, Henry Hill Jr. & Ned R. Boyajian and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Generation 1 – Blaine Cameron Generation 2 – Liam Cameron Generation 3 – Everett "Rett" Cameron Generation 4 – Everleigh Rose "Evey" Cameron Generation 5 – Esmée & Ethan Cameron Generation 6 – Blake Cameron.
hotellewin.com - Nine generations of Guins, from Christopher, 1662 to Cameron, 1991 book © 2020


text:
Q: Why isn't my flex item aligning in the center? I am trying to center a red box in the middle of the page.
I have set the flex container to 100% in height, and have also set the html,body to 100%, and it still does not align center.
Can anyone please help me understand why its not working? Thanks!

html, body {
  height: 100%;
}
.flex-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-flow: column;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 100%;
}
.box {
  flex: 0 0 100px;
  background: red;
  width: 100px;
}

A: You use justify-content to align flex items on the main axis.
You use align-items to align flex items on the cross axis.
Since your flex container is flex-direction: column:

*

*the main axis is vertical, and

*the cross axis is horizontal.

justify-content: center is working fine.
You just need to add align-items: center.

html, body {
  height: 100%;
}
.flex-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-flow: column;
  justify-content: center;       /* centers flex items vertically, in this case */
  align-items: center; /* NEW */ /* centers flex items horizontally, in this case */
  height: 100%
}
.box {
  flex: 0 0 100px;
  background: red;
  width: 100px;
}

Here's a more detailed explanation:

*

*In CSS Flexbox, why are there no "justify-items" and "justify-self" properties?

A: You need to add align-items to .flex-container
align-items: center;

See here for an example https://jsfiddle.net/x9gyheo6/1/


Extensive dental and marketing knowledge, commercial skills and a great deal of personal enthusiasm, not to mention entrepreneurial vision: Since 1 October 2018 Thomas Hiebel, Marketing and Sales Manager at Creation Willi Geller International has been responsible for marketing and sales around the world. Thomas Hiebel, a skilled master dental technician from Ingolstadt has not only acquired many years of dental skills in his own laboratory, but also a complex knowledge of product management and the product development of modern ceramic systems thanks to his ten years of experience in the dental industry – a double win for the ceramic specialists from Austria.
Before joining Creation Thomas Hiebel worked as a dental technician in several laboratories. After gaining his master's certificate in 1997, he successfully managed his own dental laboratory for ten years before working in various managerial positions with reputable international dentistry companies – either as a product manager, project manager or product developer.
Thomas Hiebel graduated in marketing (BAW) and also gained a bachelor degree in business management with a focus on marketing at Steinbeis School of Management & Innovation in Germany.
"I'm looking forward to my new challenge and am aiming to further expand Creation's strategic portfolio of premium brand products across international markets," explains the marketing and sales expert, visibly motivated.


text:
Prof. John D. Sutherland (MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK):
Origins of Life Systems Chemistry
Prof. Scott Miller (Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA):
Searching for Selective Catalytic Reactions in Complex Molecular Environments
Prof. Bart De Strooper (VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Belgium):
The Complex Physiology of the Intramembrane Proteases PARL and γ-Secretase
Prof. Gerhard Klebe (University of Marburg, Germany):
What Thermodynamics Can Help to Understand Protein-Ligand Binding in Medicinal Chemistry
Prof. A. Stephen K. Hashmi (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany):
Gold Catalysis: The Journey from "Catalytically Dead" to C,H Insertion and Photoredox Catalysis
Prof. Huw M. L. Davies (Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA):
Catalyst-Controlled Site-Selective and Stereoselective C–H Functionalization
Prof. Benjamin F. Cravatt (Scripps Research Institute, CA, USA):
Activity-Based Proteomics – Protein and Ligand Discovery on a Global Scale


text:
Controls on owning hazardous chemicals come into force
By Emma Stoye2016-03-03T00:00:00+00:00
It is now illegal in the UK to possess chemicals classed as 'poisons' or 'explosives precursors' without a licence
As of today, new regulations come into force in the UK restricting the possession or use of certain poisons and explosive precursors. Any individual who owns or uses a chemical on the government's list will need a licence, as will those who buy them. The rule will not apply to universities or businesses but will affect 'hobby' chemists.
The regulated substances include poisons such as arsenic, mercury and cyanides, and a number of chemical precursors to explosives, including concentrated hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid. Chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide can be used to make homemade bombs, but are also used for more benign purposes including sterilising swimming pools.
Last year, the law around these chemicals was updated, and a licence, which costs £40 from the Home Office, was needed in order to buy them. This has been the case since May last year, and anyone violating the law faces up to two years in prison. Now, anyone who wants to 'possess and use' any of the chemicals will need to apply for a licence, regardless of whether they bought them before or after the updated law came into effect.
Ban on the sale of acids to under-18s planned in UK
Home secretary announces measures to combat acid attacks
Chemistry department evacuated after student accidentally makes explosive
Reports claim TATP synthesised by mistake at the University of Bristol
Lies and deception see Astellas UK suspended by trade body
Company promoted drugs inappropriately and misled regulators in the resulting investigation


text:
Nerecznica (Dryopteris) – rodzaj paproci należących do rodziny nerecznicowatych (Dryopteridaceae). Obejmuje ok. 400 gatunków (348 jest zweryfikowanych według Plants of the World online). Są to średniej wielkości paprocie naziemne. Rodzaj jest kosmopolityczny. W Polsce udokumentowano występowanie 11 gatunków.

Niektóre gatunki (zwłaszcza nerecznica szerokolistna) uprawiane są jako rośliny ozdobne. Niektóre wykorzystywane są także jako lecznicze.

Rozmieszczenie geograficzne

Zasięg rodzaju obejmuje wszystkie kontynenty (z wyjątkiem Antarktydy), ale nieliczne gatunki rosną na nizinach w strefie tropikalnej i pustynnych, brak rodzimych przedstawicieli rodzaju na Nowej Zelandii, a w Australii rośnie tylko jeden. Największe zróżnicowanie gatunkowe znajduje się w Azji Wschodniej na obszarze od Himalajów po Japonię (w Chinach rośnie 167 gatunków, z czego 60 to endemity).

W Polsce stwierdzono 11 gatunków dziko rosnących z tego rodzaju (w tym jeden wymarły w naturze).
 Gatunki flory Polski
 nerecznica Borrera (Dryopteris borreri (Newman) Newman ex Oberh. & Tavel)
 nerecznica elegancka (Dryopteris pseudodisjuncta (Tavel ex Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk.)
 nerecznica górska (Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenk. & Jermy)
 nerecznica grzebieniasta (Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray)
 nerecznica krótkoostna (Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs)
 nerecznica mocna (Dryopteris abbreviata (Lam. & DC.) Newman)
 nerecznica pośrednia (Dryopteris remota (A. Braun in Döll) Druce)
 nerecznica samcza (Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott)
 nerecznica szerokolistna (Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray)
 nerecznica Villara (Dryopteris villarii (Bellardi) Woyn. ex Schinz & Thell.) – gatunek w Polsce wymarły
 nerecznica walijska (Dryopteris cambrensis (Fraser-Jenk.) Beitel & W. R. Buck)

Systematyka

 Pozycja systematyczna
Jeden z sześciu rodzajów z podrodziny Dryopteridoideae z rodziny nerecznicowatych (Dryopteridaceae). Już w XXI wieku włączono do tego rodzaju kilka rodzajów zwykle wyodrębnianych w XX wieku, a które okazały się być w nim zagnieżdżone. Dotyczy to rodzajów: Acrophorus C.Presl, Dryopsis Holttum & P.J.Edwards, Nothoperanema (Tagawa) Ching, Peranema D.Don. W węższym ujęciu liczył ok. 250 gatunków, w szerszym należy do niego ok. 400.

Rodzajem siostrzanym jest Arachniodes.

 Wykaz gatunków (nazwy zwyczajowe polskie według)

Nazewnictwo
Nazwa nerecznica wywodzi się od nerkowatego kształtu kupek zarodni na dolnej stronie liści. Bardzo często stosowana jest (nawet w botanicznej literaturze naukowej) niepoprawna nazwa rodzajowa narecznica. Jest ona wynikiem błędu drukarskiego w kluczu do oznaczania Rośliny polskie, wielokrotnie potem powielanego w bazujących na nim opracowaniach.

Przypisy

Nerecznicowate

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Here are two graphs that show the benefits of a Ketogenic (LCHF) diet versus a Low Fat diet.
Todays lunch is a twist on smoked Mackerel, a fish high in healthy Omega 3.
Mash the smoked mackerel with a fork, then combine the rest of the ingredients and mix thoroughly. Adjust the quantity of lemon juice, Dijon mustard and seasoning to taste. serve with a side salad of mixed greens dressed with a lemony EVO dressing.


text:
The 2017 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game that determined a national champion in NCAA Division II for the 2017 season. It was played at Children's Mercy Park in Kansas City, Kansas, on December 16, 2017, with kickoff at 5:00 p.m. EST (4:00 p.m. local CST), and television coverage on ESPN2.

Teams
The participants of the 2017 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game were the finalists of the 2017 Division II Playoffs, which began with four 7-team brackets to determine super region champions, who then qualified for the national semifinals. The game featured the winners of those national semifinal games: No. 4 seed West Florida and No. 2 seed Texas A&M–Commerce. This was the first meeting between the two teams and the first appearance for both teams in the championship game.

National semifinals
Super region champions were seeded 1 to 4 for the national semifinals.

Game summary

Statistics

References

Championship Game
NCAA Division II Football Championship Games
Texas A&M–Commerce Lions football games
West Florida Argonauts football games
American football in Kansas
NCAA Division II Football Championship Game
NCAA Division II Football Championship Game


With a degree in Fashion Management, Brittany took what she had learned and worked in luxury retail and was able to work with amazing fashion stylists, photographers and bloggers.
Brittany founded PagesofmyLife in 2013 and began the journey of developing her blog and sharing her passions with the world. It is her hope that those who read her blog take something away, be it fashion advice, beauty looks or lifestyle inspiration.
Cath up with her on Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter and Instagram to see what the latest is or to just catch up with her throughout her day.


text:
Stepps es una pequeña ciudad del consejo de North Lanarkshire, Escocia, en los suburbios del noreste de Glasgow. La ciudad consiste en Stepps Village, Cardowan, Stepps Hill y Millerston. Tenía una población de 4,802 habitantes según el censo del 2001, sin embargo, el gran crecimiento de las urbanizaciones en Cardowan y Stepps desde el 2001, hacen pensar que la población actual sea más grande.

Originalmente fue parte del estado Garnkirk, el nombre de la ciudad aparece posterior al de la calle principal que cruza por su centro, Steps Road, que fue nombrada en el siglo XIX y abierta como un camino hacia la estación de ferrocarril Steps Road en los años 1850. El nombre Stepps se usó hasta 1924, fecha en que cambio el nombre de la estación.

Es la casa de uno de los más antiguos clubs de hockey de Escocia. Formado en 1913, el Stepps Hockey Club, se prepara para celebrar su centenario y actualmente compite en la segunda división de la Liga Escocesa Nacional de Hockey.

Cuenta con diferentes formas de transporte hacia la cercana Glasgow, por autobús, por autopista y por la línea de ferrocarril Cumbernauld.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Club de tenis de Stepps.

Localidades de North Lanarkshire


text:
\section{Introduction}
   Anomalies are the intrinsic properties of quantum field theory and they play an important role in various branches of physical phenomenon. Recently, it has been observed that the hydrodynamics, in presence of anomalies (gravitation or gauge or both), modifies nontrivially \cite{Rangamani:2009xk} -- \cite{Jimenez-Alba:2014pea}. Normally the hydrodynamics of a system is governed by certain constitutive relations, like energy-momentum tensor, current expressed in terms of the fluid variables. These are constructed in such a way that the theory comes out to be compatible with the local version of the second law of thermodynamics, which tells that the production of entropy must be positive. Usually they are found by derivative expansion method. We showed that in ($1+1$) dimensions, the constitutive relations can be obtained exactly in presence of both gravitational and gauge anomalies where perturbative approach is not needed \cite{Banerjee:2013qha,Banerjee:2013fqa}. The chiral theory leads to the stress-tensor which is identical to the ideal (chiral) fluid in form. Of course, these results agree with the derivative expansion method in absence of gauge fields.

   One of the important observations in the context of anomalous fluid tells that the anomalies contribute to the response parameters at two orders of derivatives of fluid variables less in the constitutive relations \cite{Jensen:2012kj}. It has been argued that such feature is very general and happens in any spacetime dimensions \cite{Loganayagam:2012pz}. For instance, in ($1+1$) dimensions the response parameters, enter at zeroth order, are proportional to the anomaly coefficients appearing in the terms which are second order derivatives of fluid variables \cite{Jensen:2012kj,Majhi:2014eta}. Similarly, in ($1+3$) dimensional case the same occurs among the first order and the third order terms \cite{Jensen:2012kj,Jensen:2013rga}. It turns out that these constraints are geometric rather than algebraic and the proportionality constant is quite universal, independent of spacetime dimensions.

  Recently, in establishing these universal relations the role of the vacuum condition for the quantum field theory in curved spacetimes has been illuminated by me \cite{Majhi:2014eta}. I showed that for ($1+1$) dimensional fluid, in presence of both diffeomorphism and trace anomalies (gravitational), the {\it Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum} is the relevant boundary condition to obtain this general feature. The intriguing fact of the analysis is that it enlightens the importance of vacuum conditions in hydrodynamics paradigm, like the role played by the Unruh vacuum in the context of Hawking radiation \cite{Banerjee:2008wq, Banerjee:2008sn}. This was not emphasised in the earlier discussions. Moreover, the whole computation is technically simple. My idea has also been followed to find the corrections to these constraints in presence of $U(1)$ gauge anomaly in two dimensions \cite{Banerjee:2014cya}. The important outcome is that one obtains the explicit expression for the gauge contribution which was failed to determine in the earlier analysis.

  It may be emphasised that to have better understandings on the roles of vacuums, one needs to look for the validity of the method in higher dimensions. The present manuscript precisely addresses this issue. In this short paper, I will extend my analysis in ($1+3$) dimensional case in presence of mixed anomalies; i.e. the theory has a mixture of gravitational and $U(1)$ gauge contributions in the anomaly equations. Unfortunately, four dimensional equations can not be solved exactly to find the constitutive relations (i.e. stress-tensor and current) like those in the two spacetime dimensions \cite{Banerjee:2013qha,Banerjee:2013fqa,Majhi:2014eta}. So one needs the perturbative approach. This has been precisely done in \cite{Jensen:2012kj,Jensen:2013rga} by derivative expansion method. The expressions are available up to third order. Here I shall borrow them and show that imposition of the {\it Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum} on the components of energy-momentum tensor in null coordinates leads to identical connection:
\begin{equation}
\tilde{c}_{4d} = -8\pi^2c_m~,
\label{main}
\end{equation}
where $\tilde{c}_{4d}$ is the response parameter while $c_m$ is the anomaly coefficient. In the below, I shall present the main analysis to derive the above result.

   The organization of the paper is as follows. In section \ref{summary} the expressions for the anomalous constitutive relations in four dimensions will be given up to third order in derivatives of the fluid variables. Next section will discuss the derivation of the required relation by using the relevant vacuum condition. Finally, I shall conclude in section \ref{conclusions}.

\section{\label{summary}Constitutive relations: summary of the results}
   In this section, I shall give a brief summary of the expressions for the stress-tensor and the current in presence of mixed anomalies without the details. These will be used in the next section to obtain the main result of the paper.

   In ($1+3$) dimensions the covariant form of the anomaly equations, in presence of both the gravity and $U(1)$ gauge fields, are \cite{Jensen:2012kj},
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\nabla_aJ^a = \frac{1}{4}\epsilon^{abcd}\Big[3c_A F_{ab}F_{cd}+c_m R^i_{~~jab} R^j_{~~icd}\Big]~;
\label{1.01}
\\
&& \nabla_b T^{ab} = F^a_{~~b}J^b + 2c_m\nabla_b\Big[\frac{1}{4}\epsilon^{ijmn}F_{ij}R^{ab}_{~~~mn}\Big]~,
\label{1.02}
\end{eqnarray}
where $c_A$ is the $U(1)^3$ triangle anomaly coefficient while $c_m$ is the mixed (i.e. $U(1)$ and gravitational) anomaly coefficient.
Note that gravitational and gauge anomalies are mixed up and they are distributed symmetrically in the anomaly for current. The above equations can not be solved exactly to find the corresponding constitutive relations for the current ($J^a$) and energy-momentum tensor ($T^{ab}$) like in ($1+1$) dimensional theory. Of course, it is possible to find them up to some orders in derivative of the fluid variables by the derivative expansion method. In literature, the results up to third order derivative in fluid variables are available \cite{Jensen:2012kj}. In absence of the exact expressions we will restrict our discussions within the third order derivative. The current and the stress-tensor can be found out by varying the generating function. This has been done in \cite{Jensen:2012kj}. Let me just summarize the main results below. The expressions of these quantities are \cite{Jensen:2012kj}
\begin{eqnarray}
&&J^{a} = J^{a}_{(0)} + J^{a}_{(A)}~;
\label{1.03}
\\
&&T^{ab} = T^{ab}_{(0)}+T^{ab}_{(A)}~;
\label{1.04}
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
&&J^{a}_{(0)} = \mathcal{N}u^a+\nu^{a}~;
\label{1.05}
\\
&& T^{ab}_{(0)} = \mathcal{E}u^au^b + \mathcal{P}\Delta^{ab}+u^aq^b+u^bq^a+\tau^{ab}~;
\label{1.06}
\\
&& J^a_{(A)} = \mathcal{N}_{A}u^a+\nu^{a}_A~;
\label{1.07}
\\
&& T^{ab}_{(A)} = \mathcal{E}_Au^au^b + \mathcal{P}_A\Delta^{ab}+u^aq^b_A+u^bq^a_A+\tau^{ab}_A~.
\label{1.08}
\end{eqnarray}
In the above $u^a$ is the fluid velocity satisfies the normalization $u_au^a=-1$ and the individual expressions for each term on the right hand side are as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\mathcal{P} = P-\zeta\nabla_au^a; \,\,\,\ \mathcal{E} = -P+\mu\frac{\partial P}{\partial\mu} + T\frac{\partial P}{\partial T}; \,\,\
\mathcal{N} = \frac{\partial P}{\partial\mu}~;
\nonumber
\\
&& \nu^a = \tilde{c}_{4d}T^2 \omega^a + \sigma\Delta^{ab}(E_b - T\nabla_b\frac{\mu}{T})~;
\nonumber
\\
&& q^a = \tilde{c}_{4d}T^2 B^a + 2\tilde{c}_{4d}\mu T^2 \omega^a~;
\nonumber
\\
&& \tau^{ab} = -\eta\sigma^{ab}~,
\label{1.09}
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \mathcal{N}_A = 0; \,\,\,\ \mathcal{E}_A = 3\mathcal{P}_A = 2c_m\omega_a(\mu v^a_{2,1}-v^a_{2,2})+4c_mB_a(v^a_{2,1}-\Omega^{ab}a_b)~;
\nonumber
\\
&& \nu^a_A = -6c_A\mu B^a - 3c_A\mu^2\omega^a - 4c_mt^{ab}_2\omega_b - \frac{4}{3}c_m\Big(s_{2,1}-\frac{9}{2}\omega^2\Big)\omega^a~;
\nonumber
\\
&& q^a_A = -3c_A\mu^2B^a-2c_A\mu^3\omega^a-2c_m\Big(\Phi^{ab}B_b+(\omega^2/4-a^2)B^a\Big)
\nonumber
\\
&&~~~~~~~~ - 2\mu c_m\Big(\tilde{v}^a_3 + t^{ab}_2\omega_b+\frac{1}{3}(s_{2,1}-\frac{3}{2}\omega^2)\omega^a\Big)+c_m\Big(\Delta^{ab}E^c\nabla_c\omega_a
+2\omega^aE_ba^b-E^aa_b\omega^b\Big)~;
\nonumber
\\
&& \tau^{ab}_A = 4\mu c_m\Big(\tilde{t}^{ab}_3 - W^{c<ab>d}u_c\omega_d+2\omega^{<a}v^{b>}_{2,1}\Big)+2c_m\omega^{<a}v^{b>}_{2,2}+4c_m\omega^{<a}\Omega^{b>c}E_c
\nonumber
\\
&&~~~~~~~~~~+4c_mB^{<a}v^{b>}_{2,1}+2c_m\epsilon^{ijk<a}u_iE_j\Big(2t^{b>}_{2k}-R_{kl}\Delta^{b>l}\Big)-2c_m\nabla^{<a}F^{b>c}\omega_c
\nonumber
\\
&&~~~~~~~~~~+4c_ma^{<a}\epsilon^{b>ijk}u_iB_j\omega_k~.
\label{1.10}
\end{eqnarray}
The definitions of the several symbols are
\begin{eqnarray}
&& B^a = \frac{1}{2}\epsilon^{abcd}u_bF_{cd}; \,\,\,\ \omega^a=\epsilon^{abcd}u_b\nabla_cu_d; \,\,\,\ E_a = F_{ab}u^b; \,\,\ \Delta^{ab} = g^{ab}+u^au^b~;
\nonumber
\\
&& \sigma^{ab}=\Delta^{ac}\Delta^{bd}(\nabla_cu_d+\nabla_du_c)-\frac{1}{3}\Delta^{ab} \nabla_cu^c~,
\label{1.11}
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \Omega^{ab} = \frac{1}{2}\Delta^{ac}\Delta^{bd}(\nabla_cu_d-\nabla_du_c); \,\,\,\ t^{ab}_2 = W^{acdb}u_cu_d~;
\nonumber
\\
&& s_{2,1} = R+6R_{ab}u^au^b-6a^2; \,\,\,\ s_{2,2}=u_a\nabla_bF^{ab}~;
\nonumber
\\
&& v^a_{2,1} = \Delta^{ab}R_{bc}u^c-2\Omega^{ab}a_b; \,\,\,\ v^a_{2,2}=\Delta^{ab}\nabla^cF_{bc}~;
\nonumber
\\
&& \tilde{v}^a_3 = \epsilon^{abcd}u_b(\nabla_cR_{di})u^i+a^{(b}\Delta^{c)a}\nabla_b\omega_c+\omega^aa^2~;
\nonumber
\\
&& \tilde{t}^{ab}_3 = \Delta^{c<a}\epsilon^{b>dij}u_d(\nabla_iR_{jc}+2a_{i}t_{2jc}); \,\,\ \Phi_{ab}=R_{abcd}u^cu^d~,
\label{1.12}
\end{eqnarray}
where we denote $V^{<ab>} = \Delta^{ac}\Delta^{bd}V_{(cd)} - \frac{1}{3}\Delta^{ab}\Delta_{ij}V^{ij}$ and $(ab)$ represents the symmetric combination. $a_a = u^b\nabla_bu_a$ is the acceleration perpendicular to $u^a$. Here $\zeta$ and $\eta$ are bulk and shear viscosities, respectively. These hideous expressions have been written in a much more compact and enlightening way in {\cite{Jensen:2013kka}} in terms of ``spin chemical potential''.  In this paper, I shall stick to the above forms.

\section{\label{relation}Vacuum state and the relation}
 This section will contain the main discussion of this paper. Here the role of Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum condition will be enlightened for deriving the algebraic relation (\ref{main}). For that first the null-null components of the stress-tensor will be found out from the expressions given in the preceding section and then I shall proceed towards the goal.

  Note that the above expressions are very clumsy. So to proceed further let us consider a simple situation where the ($1+3$) dimensional background metric is static and spherically symmetric, in which case all the components of the stress-tensor take simple forms. In Schwarzschild like coordinates it is in the following form:
\begin{equation}
ds^2 =-f(r)dt^2+\frac{dr^2}{f(r)}+r^2(d\theta^2+\sin^2\theta d\phi^2)~.
\label{metric}
\end{equation}
The above metric has a timelike Killing vector whose vanishing of the norm gives the location of the Killing horizon. This is given by $f(r=r_0)=f(r_0)=0$. For our future purpose we define the null coordinates as $u=t-r_*$; $v=t+r_*$ where the tortoise coordinate $r_*$ is given by $dr_* = dr/f(r)$. The relation between the components of stress-tensor in the both coordinates are
\begin{eqnarray}
&& T_{uu} = \frac{f^2}{4}\Big(T^{tt}+\frac{2}{f}T^{tr}+\frac{1}{f^2}T^{rr}\Big)~;
\nonumber
\\
&& T_{vv} = \frac{f^2}{4}\Big(T^{tt}-\frac{2}{f}T^{tr}+\frac{1}{f^2}T^{rr}\Big)~;
\nonumber
\\
&& T_{uv} = \frac{f^2}{4}\Big(T^{tt}-\frac{1}{f^2}T^{rr}\Big)~.
\label{1.13}
\end{eqnarray}
Next the components of $T^{ab}$, given by (\ref{1.06}) and (\ref{1.08}), will be evaluated for the metric (\ref{metric}). For that choose the comoving frame in which the components of velocity vector turn out to be
\begin{equation}
u^a=(\frac{1}{\sqrt{f}},0,0,0)~; \,\,\,\ u_a = (-\sqrt{f},0,0,0)~.
\label{1.14}
\end{equation}
Then all the components of $\omega^a$ vanish. The non-vanishing component of the acceleration is $a_r = f'/(2f)$ and hence the norm is $a^2=f'^2/(4f)$ where the prime is the derivative with respect to $r$-coordinate. Using all these one can show that
\begin{equation}
T^{tt}_{(0)} = \mathcal{E}(u^t)^2~; \,\,\ T^{tr}_{(0)}=u^tB^r \tilde{c}_{4d}T^2~; \,\,\ T^{rr}_{(0)}=f\mathcal{P}~,
\label{1.15}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
T^{tt}_{(A)} = \mathcal{E}_A(u^t)^2~; \,\,\ T^{tr}_{(A)}=u^tB^r\Big(-3c_A\mu^2-c_mf''+c_m\frac{f'^2}{2f}\Big)~; \,\,\,\ T^{rr}_{(A)}=f\mathcal{P}_A~.
\label{1.16}
\end{equation}
Substituting the above results in (\ref{1.13}) and using $B^r=-u_tF_{\theta\phi}$, we obtain the required components of stress-tensor in null coordinates as
\begin{eqnarray}
&& T_{uu}=\frac{1}{4}\Big[f\Big(\mathcal{E}+\mathcal{P}+\mathcal{E}_A+\mathcal{P}_A\Big) + 2F_{\theta\phi}\Big(\tilde{c}_{4d}T_0^2-3fc_A\mu^2-c_mff''+c_m\frac{f'^2}{2}\Big)\Big]~;
\nonumber
\\
&& T_{vv}=\frac{1}{4}\Big[f\Big(\mathcal{E}+\mathcal{P}+\mathcal{E}_A+\mathcal{P}_A\Big) - 2F_{\theta\phi}\Big(\tilde{c}_{4d}T_0^2-3fc_A\mu^2-c_mff''+c_m\frac{f'^2}{2}\Big)\Big]~;
\nonumber
\\
&& T_{uv}=\frac{f}{4}\Big(\mathcal{E}-\mathcal{P}+\mathcal{E}_A-\mathcal{P}_A\Big)~,
\label{T}
\end{eqnarray}
where the relation between $T$ and equilibrium temperature $T_0$, given by $T=T_0/\sqrt{f}$, has been used.

    After obtaining the components, next step is to find the relation between the response parameter $\tilde{c}_{4d}$ and the anomaly coefficient $c_m$. This will be done by imposing the {\it Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum} condition. Before going into this discussion let me introduce the applicability of the three different quantum states \cite{Balbinot:1999vg} which are relevant for the metric (\ref{metric}). (i) Boulware vacuum: This vacuum is defined in such a way that both the {\it in} and {\it out} modes have positive frequency with respect to the Killing time in the Schwarzschild like coordinates. Therefore in the asymptotic limit $r\rightarrow \infty$, it is Minkowskian and hence the components of energy-momentum tensor in Schwarzschild like coordinates must vanish for this limit. On the other hand, near the horizon $T_{ab}$ is divergent. This state is usually used to describe the vacuum polarization around a static star whose radius is larger than that of the horizon. (ii) Unruh vacuum: Here the positive frequency {\it in} modes are chosen with respect to the Schwarzschild timelike Killing vector while the positive frequency {\it out} modes are defined with respect to the Kruskal $U$ coordinate. The Kruskal $U$ and $V$ coordinates are related to the null coordinates by the relations: $\kappa U = -\exp[-\kappa u]$ and $\kappa V = \exp[\kappa v]$, respectively where $\kappa = f'(r_0)/2$ is the surface gravity and so $T_{UU} = T_{uu}/(\kappa U)^2$ and $T_{VV} = T_{uu}/(\kappa V)^2$. This implies that the vacuum is Minkowskian in the $r\rightarrow \infty$ limit and so there is no ingoing flux; i.e. $T_{vv} = 0$. On the other hand $T_{UU}$ must be regular near the horizon which implies $T_{uu} = 0$ in the limit $r\rightarrow r_0$. This state is suitable for the evaporation of a black hole. (iii) Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum: In this state the {\it in} modes have positive frequency with respect to the Kruskal $V$ coordinate and {\it out} modes are positive frequency with respect to $U$. Therefore both $T_{VV}$ and $T_{UU}$ are regular near the horizon. Then $T_{vv}$ and $T_{uu}$ both must vanish in the limit $r\rightarrow r_0$. This state describes a black hole system is in thermal equilibrium  with the surroundings. In the present context, since the fluid is at thermal equilibrium with the black hole, the natural vacuum, one may think, is the Israel-Hartle-Hawking state. We shall show below that this will give the required relation.

As explained in the above, the definition of the Israel-Hartle-Hawking boundary condition leads to the vanishing of $T_{uu}$ and $T_{vv}$ near the Killing horizon \cite{Balbinot:1999vg}. Since in the near horizon limit (i.e. $r\rightarrow r_0$), the quantities $\mathcal{E},\mathcal{P},\mathcal{E}_A,\mathcal{P}_A, F_{\theta\phi},\mu$ all are finite, imposition of the condition $T_{uu}(r\rightarrow r_0)=0$ yields
\begin{equation}
\tilde{c}_{4d} T_0^2 = -c_m\frac{f'^2(r_0)}{2}~.
\label{c}
\end{equation}
Now the equilibrium temperature, in this case, is given by $T_{0} = f'(r_0)/(4\pi)$ and hence the above reduces to (\ref{main}). Similarly, from $T_{vv}$ component we obtain the same relation. This was also obtained earlier in \cite{Jensen:2012kj,Jensen:2013rga} by studying the Euclidean partition function on a cone.

  Before concluding, let me  mention that in the above no use of the current has been done. For completeness, let us now find the components of the current in null coordinates and see how they behave under the Israel-Hartle-Hawking boundary condition on the current ($J_u\rightarrow 0$ and $J_v\rightarrow 0$ in the limit $r\rightarrow r_0$) or if one can extract more information about the fluids. The computation gives the form of the components as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
&& J_u=-\frac{1}{2}\Big[\sqrt{f}\frac{\partial P}{\partial\mu}-6c_AF_{\theta\phi}\sqrt{f}\mu^2\Big]~;
\nonumber
\\
&& J_v=-\frac{1}{2}\Big[\sqrt{f}\frac{\partial P}{\partial\mu}+6c_AF_{\theta\phi}\sqrt{f}\mu^2\Big]~.
\label{current}
\end{eqnarray}
Note that they vanish near the horizon. So the vacuum condition is satisfied trivially and we do not have any new information from the expression for current. Also remember that the gravitational contributions in the diffeomorphism anomalies appear only in the even dimensional theory, like in $2n$ spacetime dimensions where $n=1,2,3,\dots$. For $2D$ case, we have a purely gravitational part whereas in $4D$ we have a mixture of both gravity and gauge contributions. It has been shown that the response parameter is related with the coefficient of the pure gravitational anomaly in $2D$ whereas, for the present case, it is connected to the mixed anomaly coefficient. Interestingly, in both cases, I have shown that these can be achieved by imposing the regularity condition of the stress-tensor in Kruskal coordinates near the horizon; i.e. by imposing the Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum. Moreover the relation is quite general in structure. Since in anomaly equations the pure gravitational part always appears in $2j$ with $j=1,3,5,\dots$ spacetime dimensions whereas mixed anomaly comes in $2k$ with $k=2,4,6,\dots$ dimensions, we expect the similar connection will happen in other even dimensional theories like in $2D$ and $4D$ when one will use the same regularity condition. More explicitly it may be noted that in $2D$ and $4D$ theories, the anomaly polynomials, which lead to the respective anomaly equations, contain the first Pontryagin class \cite{Jensen:2012kj,Jensen:2013kka} and the response parameters are related to the coefficients of this function. Furthermore, it has been already shown in \cite{Jensen:2013kka} that the anomaly polynomials in higher even dimensions are given by the higher Pontryagin class. Therefore, in these higher dimensional cases the response parameter will again be related to the coefficients of Pontryagin class. The explicit expressions, of course, will be obtained when one will write the stress-tensor and the current and use the regularity conditions on them near the horizon. This I leave for future work.

\section{\label{conclusions}Conclusions}
  In this brief report, the earlier analysis \cite{Majhi:2014eta} for ($1+1$) dimensional anomalous fluid has been extended to ($1+3$) dimensions case. The theory for the present case has both the gravitational as well as $U(1)$ gauge contributions which are mixed in the anomaly equations. I showed that the Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum is the relevant vacuum condition in the context of anomalous hydrodynamics. Use of it on the constitutive relations gave us the correct anomalous contribution to the response parameter in the first order derivative term.

    It is worth to mention that the other two vacua (Boulware and Unruh) which are asymptotically Minkowski in the $r\rightarrow\infty$ limit, do not describe a fluid at thermal equilibrium with the black hole and hence they are not suitable to discuss the present situation. Whereas, the Israel-Hartle-Hawking is a natural choice to describe this equilibrium system. Interestingly, this gives the correct relation as obtained earlier by using the Euclidean partition function approach \cite{Jensen:2012kj,Jensen:2013kka}.

  One may note that the approach works well in both two and four dimensional theories. The analysis gives a strong evidence that the Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum plays a significant role in anomalous fluid dynamics. Also, due to the simplicity of the method, one can apply to any arbitrary dimensional theory. Incidentally, it has been argued in my earlier work \cite{Majhi:2014eta} for two dimensional case that such an approach is quite similar to derivation of Cardy formula. In other words the Cardy formula played a role in the fixing of the relations in the derivative expansion approach as well in the vacuum approach. That is an important point to justify the reason that the results from these approaches agree, having a common origin as the Cardy formula. Hope in future, I will be able to explore more on this topic and give a deep understating over the importance of vacuum states. The investigations in these directions are in progress.

\vskip 9mm
\noindent
{\bf{Acknowledgements}}\\
\noindent
I thank Rabin Banerjee, Shirsendu Dey and Kristan Jensen for several useful comments and suggestions. The research of the author is supported by a Lady Davis Fellowship at Hebrew University, by the I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee and the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 1937/12), as well as by the Israel Science Foundation personal Grant No. 24/12.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Chemical Weapons Nonproliferation
Chemical weapons in the newspapers and on Twitter: 2018 in review
Chemical weapons in the newspapers: 2018 in review
On this page we take a look at some of the most salient events related to field of chemical weapons for the year 2018, identified through a text mining analysis of newspapers stories. Specifically, the stories were found by querying the Nexis Uni database, which lists a wide range of local, regional, national and international newspapers – you can see the query that we use for the collection here.
Similarly, on this companion page, we examined the Twitter discourse on chemical weapons.
Together, these two analyses highlight the most salient events related to chemical weapons occurred in 2018.
Peak days of news stories. The bar graph below shows the daily distribution of published newspaper stories related to chemical weapons that we retrieved from Nexis Uni. After elimination of duplicate articles, our pool had an average of 19 newspaper articles per day. Peak days of publishing activity, defined as those days in which the number of retrieved news articles was higher than the average, are marked in the graph.
News Headlines: text mining and text analysis graphics.After the bar graph, we provide a text mining analysis of the news headlines published during peak days. For each peak, we provide a set of text analysis graphics, comprising a word cloud, a network of frequent words, and a list of frequent topics – you can find more information on the methodology and the meaning of these analyses here.
Salient events. For each peak, we also provide a selection of salient events discussed in the collected news headlines. These were identified by searching on Google selected clusters of keywords that stood out from the text mining analysis – see an example here. The searches were confined to the peak dates. The keywords as well as links to the Google searches are also provided.
Caveat. As the selection of salient events is somewhat subjective, we encourage our readers to examine carefully the text analysis graphics, gather keywords, and conduct independent Google searches to identify additional relevant events and topics.
Peak 1: January 24, 2018
News headlines: text analysis graphics
January 23, Syria: an alleged attack with chlorine gas in Eastern Ghouta is reported. Keywords: chemical, Syria, weapons, use. Google
A security guard in England is attacked with ammonia in the course of a bank robbery. Keywords: chemical, security, guard, attack. Google
Peak 2: February 27 – 28, 2018
February 25, Syria: an alleged attack with chlorine gas in Eastern Ghouta is reported. Boris Johnson says that the UK may join air strikes against Syria, if the use of chemical weapons is confirmed. Keywords: chemical, Syria, Johnson, attack. Google
A leaked U.N. report indicates ties between North Korea and Syria's chemical weapons program. Keywords: chemical, weapons, Syria, North Korea. Google
Peak 3: March 7-10, 2018
March 4, United Kingdom: a chemical warfare agent was used for the attempted assassination of Sergei Skripal in Salisbury, UK, on March 4. Military personnel is deployed to the scene. Sergei Skripal, his daughter Yulia, and Wiltshire Police Det. Sgt. Nick Bailey are hospitalized at the Salisbury hospital. They will all recover from the poisoning. Keywords: chemical, spy, probe, military. Google
Peak 4: March 12 – March 22, 2018
The chemical warfare agent used in the attempted assassination of Sergei Skripal is a Novichok agent, a type of nerve agent developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Keywords: nerve, agent, chemical, attack. Google
The international community watches closely the situation in Syria. Macron reiterates that France will strike Syria if chemical weapons are used. The U.N. condemns the use of chemical weapons in Syria. Keywords: chemical, weapons, Syria, use. Google
Peak 5: March 26-30, 2018
On March 26 the United States announces that it will expel 60 Russian diplomats in response to the Salisbury incident, aligning with the United Kingdom's decision to expel 23 Russian diplomats. Many other countries take analogous decisions. Keywords: Russia, diplomats, United States, expulsion. Google
Peak 6: April 2, 2018
The Permanent Representation of the Russian Federation asks a series of question to the Technical Secretariat of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) regarding the assistance that the United Kingdom requested from the OPCW's Technical Secretariat in relation to the Salisbury Incident. Keywords: Russia, answers, chemical, agency. Google
Peak 7: April 4-6, 2018
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) holds an extraordinary meeting called by Russia. At the meeting, Russia loses a vote on a proposal for a new joint investigation into the Skripal case with Russian participation. Keywords: Skripal, case, loses, probe. Google
Peak 8: April 8-29, 2018
April 7, Syria: an alleged chemical weapons attack in Douma is reported. The Fact Finding Mission (FFM) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) will later confirm the detection of chlorinated organic chemicals at the sites of the incident. Keywords: chemical, weapons, attack, Syria. Google
On April 14, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France strike targets reportedly related to Syria's chemical weapons program. Keywords: chemical, United Kingdom, United States. Google
Peak 9: May 3-5, 2018
The Prime Minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) accuses India of using chemical weapons in Indian-held Kashmir. The AJK cabinet approves measures to protect the population, including budget for ambulances and medical professionals/ Keywords: AJK, Kashmiris, India, using chemicals. Google
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) correct a statement from its Director General, according to whom about 50 to 100 grams of Novichok agent were used in Salisbury attack. Keywords: watchdog, Salisbury, chemical, Novichok. Google
Peak 10: May 16, 2018
The Fact Finding Mission (FFM) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) confirms that "chlorine, released from cylinders through mechanical impact, was likely used as a chemical weapon on 4 February 2018." Keywords: attack, Chlorine, Syria, used. Google
Peak 11: June 27-28, 2018
A Special Session of the Conference of State Parties votes in favor of a British proposal to extend the powers of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Inter alias, the adopted decision requires the Secretariat to "put in place arrangements to identify the perpetrators of the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic by identifying and reporting on all information potentially relevant to the origin of those chemical weapons in those instances in which the OPCW Fact-Finding Mission in Syria determines or has determined that use or likely use occurred, and cases for which the OPCW-UN Joint Investigative Mechanism has not issued a report; and decides also that the Secretariat shall provide regular reports on its investigations to the Council and to the United Nations Secretary-General for their consideration Keywords: chemical, attack, assign, blame. Google
Peak 12: August 8-9, 2018
The United States imposes new sanctions on Russia for the use of a Novichok agent in the United Kingdom. Keywords: sanctions, Russia, nerve, attack. Google
Peak 13: September 5-6, 2018
In his latest book, Bob Woodward claims that, in reaction the use of chemical weapons in April 2017, Donald Trump wanted to kill Assad. Trump denies the claim. Keywords: Syria, chemical, trump, book. Google
A military offensive of the Syrian government appears to be impending in Idlib, the last major area of the country under rebel control. The United States warns the Syrian government that there will be a response if chemical weapons are used. Russia asks that United States and allies reveal which target they would strike. Keywords: chemical, weapons, Russia, United States. Google
Peak 14: September 14, 2018
News surface that, in the spring, Dutch authorities arrested Russian individuals suspected of planning to infiltrate the Spiez laboratory, in Switzerland, which conducted chemical analyses on the nerve agent samples used in the Salisbury incident. The two individuals are eventually expelled to Russia. Keywords: attack, lab, Swiss, break. Google
On September 13, Russian television RT airs an interview with the two Russians suspected of having perpetrated the Salisbury attack. Keywords: chemical, mod, attack, Russian. Google
The British Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) conducts trials of drones and robots intended to detect hazardous chemical and biological substances. These concept drones and robots were developed by small-or-medium-sized enterprises and academic institutions within the scope of a project, codenamed Minerva, co-funded by the British Ministry of Defence (MoD) and Home Office. Keywords: drones, MoD, can, chemical. Google
Peak 16: October 4-5, 2018
Dutch authorities say that they disrupted a Russian attempt to launch a cyber attack against the Hague-based Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The Russian government refutes the allegations. Keywords: chemical, watchdog, weapons, Dutch, Russian. Google
Peak 17: November 27, 2018
November 25, Syria: an alleged attack with chlorine gas is reported in Aleppo. The Syrian government accuses rebels for the attack and asks the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to send the Fact Finding Mission (FFM) for an investigation. Keywords: chemical, Aleppo, attack, weapons. Google
The UK government issues a draft guidance for schools according to which, inter alias, schools would conduct drills for training drills for a variety of hazards, including chemical and biological emergencies. Keywords: school, drills, says, terror. Google
On November 25, U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents deploy non-lethal tear gas to disperse migrants at the southern border. Riot control agents, although banned in warfare, are allowed for law enforcement purposes under the provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention. Keywords: gas, attack, banned, chemical. Google