text:
1.1Spain
1.2Arrival in the New World
1.3Hispaniola
1.4Puerto Rico
1.5First voyage to Florida
1.5.1Fountain of Youth
1.6Between voyages
1.7Last voyage to Florida
2Legacy and honors
5Citations
Juan Ponce de León
16th-century Spanish explorer and conquistador
"Ponce de León" redirects here. For other uses, see Ponce de León (disambiguation).
Marquess
17th century engraving of Ponce de León (unauthenticated)
1st, 3rd and 7th Governor of Puerto Rico
Office established
Juan Cerón
Cristóbal de Mendoza
Sánchez Velázquez/Antonio de la Gama
Santervás de Campos, Castile
July 1521(1521-07-00) (aged 46–47)
Havana, New Spain
Catedral Metropolitana Basílica de San Juan Bautista, San Juan, Puerto Rico
(name unknown), Leonor Ponce de León
Juana, Isabel and María[1](daughters)
Juan Ponce de León II (grandson)
Juan Ponce de León y Loayza (great-grandson)
Juan Ponce de León (/ˌpɒns də ˈliːən/,[2] also UK: /ˌpɒnseɪ də leɪˈɒn/,[3] US: /ˌpɒns də liˈoʊn, ˌpɒns(ə) deɪ -/,[4][5] Spanish: [ˈxwam ˈponθe ðe leˈon]; 1474 – July 1521[6]) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first official European expedition to Florida and for serving as the first governor of Puerto Rico. He was born in Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain in 1474. Though little is known about his family, he was of noble birth and served in the Spanish military from a young age. He first came to the Americas as a "gentleman volunteer" with Christopher Columbus's second expedition in 1493.
By the early 1500s, Ponce de León was a top military official in the colonial government of Hispaniola, where he helped crush a rebellion of the native Taíno people. He was authorized to explore the neighboring island of Puerto Rico in 1508 and to take office as the first Governor of Puerto Rico by appointment of the Spanish crown in 1509. While Ponce de León grew quite wealthy from his plantations and mines, he faced an ongoing legal conflict with Diego Colón, the late Christopher Columbus's son, over the right to govern Puerto Rico. After a long court battle, Columbus replaced Ponce de León as governor in 1511. Ponce de León decided to follow the advice of the sympathetic King Ferdinand and explore more of the Caribbean Sea.
In 1513, Ponce de León led the first known European expedition to La Florida, which he named during his first voyage to the area. He landed somewhere along Florida's east coast, then charted the Atlantic coast down to the Florida Keys and north along the Gulf coast; historian John Reed Swanton believed that he sailed perhaps as far as Apalachee Bay on Florida's western coast.[7] Though in popular culture he was supposedly searching for the Fountain of Youth, there is no contemporary evidence to support the story, which most modern historians consider a myth.[8]
Ponce de León returned to Spain in 1514 and was knighted by King Ferdinand, who also reinstated him as the governor of Puerto Rico and authorized him to settle Florida. He returned to the Caribbean in 1515, but plans to organize an expedition to Florida were delayed by the death of King Ferdinand in 1516, after which Ponce de León again traveled to Spain to defend his grants and titles. He would not return to Puerto Rico for two years.[9]
In March 1521, Ponce de León finally returned to southwest Florida with the first large-scale attempt to establish a Spanish colony in what is now the continental United States. However, the native Calusa people fiercely resisted the incursion, and Ponce de Léon was seriously wounded in a skirmish. The colonization attempt was abandoned, and he died from his wounds soon after returning to Cuba in early July. He was interred in Puerto Rico; his tomb is located inside the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista in San Juan.
Juan Ponce de León was born in the village of Santervás de Campos in the northern part of what is now the Spanish province of Valladolid.[10] Although early historians placed his birth in 1460, and this date has been used traditionally, more recent evidence shows he was likely born in 1474.[11][12] The surname Ponce de León dates from the 13th century. The Ponce de León lineage began with Ponce Vélaz de Cabrera, descendant of count Bermudo Núñez, and Sancha Ponce de Cabrera,[13] daughter of Ponce Giraldo de Cabrera.[14]
Before October 1235, a son of Ponce Vela de Cabrera and his wife Teresa Rodríguez Girón named Pedro Ponce de Cabrera[15] married Aldonza Alfonso, an illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso IX of León.[15] The descendants of this marriage added the "de León" to their patronymic and were known thereafter by the name Ponce de León.[16]
Although the identity of Juan Ponce de León's parents is still a matter of conjecture, according to Fuson and Arnade, citing Puerto Rican historian Aurelio Tió, Pedro Ponce de León and Leonor de Figueroa were most likely the parents of Juan Ponce de León.[17][18] Thus Ponce appears to have been a member of a distinguished and influential noble family.
His relatives included Rodrigo Ponce de León, Duke of Cádiz, a celebrated figure in the Moorish wars (sometimes known as a "new Cid"),[19][20] and Juan Ponce de León's first cousin.[21] Aurelio Tió, in his Nuevas fuentes para la historia de Puerto Rico, made a vigorous case for Juan Ponce's aristocratic heritage, determining that Juan Ponce's father was Pedro Ponce de León, the Fourth Lord of Villagarcía, and his mother was Leonor de Figueroa, the daughter of Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, Lord of Salvaleón, and María Manuel; consequently Juan Ponce's paternal grandmother, Teresa de Guzmán (Teresa Ponce de León y Guzmán), was La Señora de la Casa Toral,[22] making Juan Ponce a Ponce de León on both sides of his family.[23]
Through this grandmother, Ponce de León was related to another notable family, the Núñez de Guzmáns; a contemporary chronicler, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, says that as a young man he served as a page and then as a squire to Pedro Núñez de Guzmán,[24] Knight Commander of the Order of Calatrava.[25] Devereux says Ponce de León probably joined the Spanish campaigns against the Muslims in the Granada War[26] in which the Catholic Monarchs finally conquered in 1492 the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada,[27] the last Muslim polity surviving in the Iberian peninsula.[28] Puerto Rican historian Vicente Murga Sanz states that as the squire of Pedro Núñez de Guzmán, it is possible that Juan Ponce de León fought on the side of Rodrigo Ponce de León at the Battle of Granada. Fernandez de Oviedo writes that when Juan Ponce de León arrived in the Americas he was a military man who had gained his experience in the Granada War, but Arnade cautions, "Without proof the biographers of the conquistador state that he accompanied Pedro Núñez de Guzmán in the war against the Moors during the Granada campaign".[29].
Arrival in the New World
In September 1493, some 1,200 sailors, colonists, and soldiers joined Christopher Columbus for his second voyage to the New World.[30][31] Ponce de León, nineteen years old, was able to get passage in this expedition, with Núñez de Guzmán's help,[32] as one of 200 "gentleman volunteers".[33][34]
The fleet reached the Caribbean in November 1493. They visited several islands before arriving at their primary destination in Hispaniola,[35] and anchored on the coast of a large island the native people called Borikén (Boriquen in Spanish), "the land of the brave lord", which would eventually become known as Puerto Rico.[36] This was Ponce de León's first glimpse of the place that would play a major role in his future. Historians are divided on what he did during the next several years, but it is possible that he returned to Spain at some point and made his way back to Hispaniola with Nicolás de Ovando.[37]
Hispaniola
In 1502 the newly appointed governor, Nicolás de Ovando, arrived in Hispaniola, with the Spanish Crown expecting him to bring order to a colony in disarray, a task in which he succeeded.[38][39] Ovando interpreted his instructions as authorizing subjugation of the native Taínos, and consequently authorized the Jaragua massacre in November 1503. In 1504, when Taínos overran a small Spanish garrison in Higüey on the island's eastern side, Ovando assigned Ponce de León to crush the rebellion.[39]
Ponce de León was actively involved in the Higüey massacre, about which friar Bartolomé de las Casas attempted to notify Spanish authorities. Ovando rewarded his victorious commander by appointing him frontier governor of the newly conquered province, then named Higüey also. Ponce de León received a substantial land grant with an encomienda of sufficient Indian slave labor to farm his new estate.[40][41]
Ponce de León prospered in this new role. He found a ready market for his farm produce and livestock at nearby Boca de Yuma where Spanish ships stocked supplies before the long voyage back to Spain. In 1505 Ovando authorized Ponce de León to establish a new town in Higüey, which he named Salvaleón. In 1508 King Ferdinand (Queen Isabella having opposed the exploitation of natives but dying in 1504) authorized Ponce de León to conquer the remaining Taínos and exploit them by forcing them to mine gold.[42]
Around this time, Ponce de León married Leonora, an innkeeper's daughter. They had three daughters, Juana, Isabel and María,[1] and one son, Luis.[43] The large stone house Ponce de León ordered built for his growing family still stands today near the city of San Rafael del Yuma; he named it Salvaleón after his grandmother's estate in Castile.[44]
The ruins of Juan Ponce de León's residence at Caparra
As provincial governor, Ponce de León heard stories from Island Caribs who had been captured when they raided Spanish colonies. They told him of gold on the neighboring island of San Juan, now Puerto Rico, which he had first seen as a member of Christopher Columbus's second voyage in 1493, describing a fertile land with much gold to be found in the many rivers. Inspired by the possibility of riches, Ponce de León requested and received permission from Ovando to explore the island.[45]
The official settlement of San Juan by Spaniards is often dated to 1508, when Ponce landed in a caravel with about fifty men on the southern coast of the island, but there is documentation in the Archive of the Indies (Archivo General de Indias) that he had led an expedition there with several hundred men as early as 1506, under orders by Governor Ovando to explore, settle, and conquer the island.[46] Puerto Rican scholar Aurelio Tió wrote two books which contain much archival material concerning Ponce de León, including documentation he discovered in Spain and in Puerto Rico.[47] He writes in detail of the Probanza de Juan González, according to which a temporary base was established on the west coast of Puerto Rico near the Bay of Añasco in 1506.[48][49] This earlier trip was said to have been done quietly because the Spanish crown in 1504 had commissioned Vicente Yáñez Pinzón to explore the island and build a fort.[50] Pinzón did not fulfill his commission and it expired in 1507, leaving the way clear for Ponce de León.[51]
His earlier exploration had confirmed the presence of gold and gave him a good understanding of the geography of the island. In 1508, Ferdinand II of Aragon gave permission to Ponce de León for the first official expedition to the island, which the Spanish then called San Juan Bautista. Ponce de León led a small exploratory party to Puerto Rico in 1508 that found placer deposits of gold in the western end of the island.[52] This expedition, consisting of about 50 men in one ship, left Hispaniola on 12 July 1508 and eventually anchored in San Juan Bay, near today's city of San Juan.[53]
Ponce de León searched inland until he found a suitable site about two miles from the bay. Here he erected a storehouse and a fortified house, creating the first settlement in Puerto Rico, Caparra.[54] Although a few crops were planted, the settlers spent most of their time and energy searching for gold. By early 1509 Ponce de León decided to return to Hispaniola. His expedition had collected a good quantity of gold but was running low on food and supplies.[55]
Juan Ponce de León Conquistador monument in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
The expedition was deemed a great success and Ovando appointed Ponce de León governor of San Juan Bautista. This appointment was later confirmed by Ferdinand II on 14 August 1509. He was instructed to extend the settlement of the island and continue mining for gold. The new governor returned to the island as instructed, bringing with him his wife and children.[56] The rush of Spaniards from Hispaniola wanting to mine gold disrupted the way of life of the Taíno native people.
Back on his island, Ponce de León parceled out the native Taínos among himself and other settlers using the system of forced labor known as encomienda.[57] The Indians were put to work growing food crops and mining for gold. Ponce put those assigned to his personal encomienda, Hacienda Grande, to work searching for gold in the Toa Valley just east of San Juan.[58] Many of the Spaniards treated the Taínos very harshly and death rates were very high. The demand for slaves kidnapped from other islands grew. By June 1511, the Taínos, pushed to the limits of their endurance, began a short-lived rebellion, which was forcibly put down by Ponce de León and a small force of troops armed with crossbows and arquebuses.[59][60]
Even as Ponce de León was settling the island of San Juan, significant changes were taking place in the politics and government of the Spanish West Indies. On 10 July 1509, Diego Colón, the son of Christopher Columbus, arrived in Hispaniola as acting Viceroy, replacing Nicolás de Ovando.[61] For several years Diego Colón had been waging a legal battle over his rights to inherit the titles and privileges granted to his father. The Crown regretted the sweeping powers that had been granted to Columbus and his heirs and sought to establish more direct control in the New World. In spite of the Crown's opposition, Colón prevailed in court and Ferdinand was required to appoint him Viceroy.[62]
Although the courts had ordered that Ponce de León should remain in office, Colón circumvented this directive on 28 October 1509 by appointing Juan Ceron chief justice and Miguel Diaz chief constable of the island, effectively overriding the authority of the governor. This situation prevailed until 2 March 1510, when Ferdinand issued orders reaffirming Ponce de León's position as governor. Ponce de León then had Ceron and Diaz arrested and sent back to Spain.[63]
The political struggle between Colón and Ponce de León continued in this manner for the next few years. Ponce de León had influential supporters in Spain and Ferdinand regarded him as a loyal servant. However, Colón's position as Viceroy made him a powerful opponent and eventually it became clear that Ponce de León's position on San Juan was not tenable.[64] Finally, on 28 November 1511, Ceron returned from Spain and was officially reinstated as governor.[65]
First voyage to Florida
Spanish colonization
Inter caetera
Strait of Magellan
Muisca
Aztec Empire
Alonso de Ojeda
Pedro de Alvarado
Bernal Díaz del Castillo
Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
Sebastián de Belalcázar
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
Luis de Carvajal y Cueva
Bartolomé de las Casas
Hernán Pérez de Quesada
Francisco de Montejo
Pánfilo de Narváez
Juan de Oñate
Francisco de Orellana
Pedro de Portocarrero
Francisco Pizarro
Pedro de Valdivia
Nikolaus Federmann
Inés de Suárez
Pedro de Candia
Tristán de Luna y Arellano
Vasco Núñez de Balboa
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
Juan de la Cosa
Encomienda
Indian auxiliaries
Spanish missions in the Americas
Rumors of undiscovered islands to the northwest of Hispaniola had reached Spain by 1511, and Ferdinand was interested in forestalling further exploration and discovery by Colón. In an effort to reward Ponce de León for his services, Ferdinand urged him to seek these new lands outside the authority of Colón. Ponce de León readily agreed to a new venture, and in February 1512 a royal contract was dispatched outlining his rights and authorities to search for "the Islands of Beniny".[66]
The contract stipulated that Ponce de León held exclusive rights to the discovery of Beniny and neighboring islands for the next three years. He would be governor for life of any lands he discovered, but he was expected to finance all costs of exploration and settlement himself. In addition, the contract gave specific instructions for the distribution of gold, Native Americans, and other profits extracted from the new lands; the contract made no mention of a rejuvenating fountain.[67][68][69]
Ponce de León equipped three ships with at least 200 men at his own expense and set out from Puerto Rico on 4 March 1513. The only near contemporary description known for this expedition comes from Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, a Spanish historian who apparently had access to the original ships' logs or related secondary sources from which he created a summary of the voyage published in 1601.[70][71][72] The brevity of the account and occasional gaps in the record have led historians to speculate and dispute many details of the voyage.
The three ships in this small fleet were the Santiago, the San Cristobal and the Santa Maria de la Consolacion. Anton de Alaminos was their chief pilot. He was already an experienced sailor, and would become one of the most respected pilots in the region. After leaving Puerto Rico, they sailed northwest along the great chain of Bahama Islands, known then as the Lucayos.[73]
On 27 March, Easter Sunday, Herrera says they sighted land he described as an island that was unfamiliar to the sailors on the expedition. Because many Spanish seamen were acquainted with the Bahamas, which had been depopulated by slaving ventures, some scholars believe that this "island" was actually Florida, as it was thought to be an island for several years after its formal discovery.[73] Historian and marine archeologist Samuel Turner says that Ponce de León sighted the Florida coast on Easter Sunday of 1513, and that many historians have misinterpreted Herrera's text by claiming it was one of the Bahama Islands Ponce saw on that date. Turner writes that because Beimini is described as an island, they assume that Herrera refers to one of the Bahama Islands, variously proposing that this "island" was Eleuthera, Man-O-War Cay, Great Abaco,[74] or Grand Bahama.[75]
For the next several days the fleet crossed open water until 2 April 1513, when they sighted land which Ponce de León believed was another island. He named it La Florida in recognition of the verdant landscape and because it was the Easter season, which the Spaniards called Pascua Florida (Festival of Flowers). The following day they came ashore to seek information and take possession of this new land.[76][77]
The precise location of their landing on the Florida coast has been disputed for many years. Some historians believe it occurred at or near St. Augustine,[78] but others prefer a more southerly landing at a small harbor now called Ponce de León Inlet.[76] Some believe that Ponce came ashore even farther south near the present location of Melbourne Beach,[79][80] an hypothesis first proposed by Douglas Peck, an amateur historian who attempted to reconstruct the track of the voyage sailing in his 33-foot Bermuda-rigged sailboat. Samuel Turner dismisses this theory,[81] pointing out that Ponce's fleet encountered a storm on 30 March, sailing in it for two days, with no indication in Herrera of the wind direction or how strong it was, and that this fact complicates any attempt to reconstruct the voyage (not to mention that Peck's boat was nothing like the Spanish ships). On April 2, after the weather improved, Ponce's pilot Anton de Alaminos took a navigational fix by the sun at noon in nine fathoms of water with a quadrant or a mariner's astrolabe, and obtained a reading of 30 degrees, 8 minutes of latitude, the coordinate recorded in the ship's log when it was closest to the landing site, as reported by Herrera (who had the original logbook) in 1601.[73][82] This latitude corresponds to a spot north of St. Augustine between what is now the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve and Ponte Vedra Beach.[73][83] The expedition sailed north for the remainder of the day before anchoring for the night and rowing ashore the next morning.
After remaining in the area of their first landing for about five days, the ships turned south for further exploration of the coast. On 8 April they encountered a current so strong that it pushed them backwards and forced them to seek anchorage. The smallest ship, the San Cristobal, was carried out of sight and lost for two days. This was the first known encounter by Europeans with the Gulf Stream, occurring where it reaches maximum force between the Florida coast and the Bahamas. Because of the powerful boost provided by the current, it would soon become the primary route for eastbound ships leaving the Spanish West Indies bound for Europe.[84]
They continued down the coast hugging the shore to avoid the strong head current. By 4 May the fleet reached and named Biscayne Bay. They took on water at an island they named Santa Marta (now Key Biscayne) and explored the Tequesta Miami mound town at the mouth of the Miami River. The Tequesta people did not engage the Spanish, but instead evacuated into the coastal woodlands. On 15 May they left Biscayne Bay and sailed along the Florida Keys, looking for a passage to head north and explore the west coast of the Florida peninsula.[84]
From a distance the Keys reminded Ponce de León of men who were suffering, so he named them Los Martires (the Martyrs).[84] Eventually they found a gap in the reefs and sailed "to the north and other times to the northeast" until they reached the Florida mainland on 23 May, where they encountered the Calusa, who refused to trade and drove off the Spanish ships by surrounding them with warriors in sea canoes armed with long bows.[85]
Ponce de León's
Statue of statue in Plaza San José, San Juan, Puerto Rico.[86]
Again, the exact site of their landfall is controversial. The vicinity of Charlotte Harbor is the most commonly identified spot, while some assert a landing further north at Tampa Bay or even Pensacola.[87] Other historians have argued the distances were too great to cover in the available time and the more likely location was Cape Romano or Cape Sable.[87] Here Ponce de León anchored for several days to take on water and repair the ships. They were approached by Calusa, who initially indicated an interest in trading, but relations soon turned hostile.[88][89]
Several skirmishes followed with casualties on both sides. The Spaniards captured eight Calusa (four men and four women) and seized five war canoes abandoned by the retreating warriors. On 5 June, a final confrontation occurred when some 80 Calusa warriors attacked a party of eleven Spanish sailors. The result was a standoff with neither party willing to come within striking distance of their opponents' weapons.[88][89]
On 14 June they set sail again looking for a chain of islands in the west that had been described by their captives. They reached the Dry Tortugas on 21 June.[39] There they captured giant sea turtles, Caribbean monk seals, and thousands of seabirds. From these islands they sailed southwest in an apparent attempt to circle around Cuba and return home to Puerto Rico. Failing to take into account the powerful currents pushing them eastward, they struck the northeast shore of Cuba and were initially confused about their location.[90]
Once they regained their bearings, the fleet retraced their route east along the Florida Keys and around the Florida peninsula, reaching Grand Bahama on 8 July. They were surprised to come across another Spanish ship, piloted by Diego Miruelo, who was either on a slaving voyage or had been sent by Diego Colón to spy on Ponce de León. Shortly thereafter Miruelo's ship was wrecked in a storm and Ponce de León rescued the stranded crew.
From here the little fleet disbanded. Ponce de León tasked the Santa Maria with further exploration while he returned home with the rest of crew. Ponce de León reached Puerto Rico on 19 October after having been away for almost eight months. The other ship, after further explorations returned safely on 20 February 1514.[91]
Although Ponce de León is widely credited with the discovery of Florida, he almost certainly was not the first European to reach the peninsula. Spanish slave expeditions had been regularly raiding the Bahamas since 1494 and there is some evidence that one or more of these slavers made it as far as the shores of Florida.[92] Another piece of evidence that others came before Ponce de León is the Cantino Map from 1502, which shows a peninsula near Cuba that looks like Florida's and includes characteristic place names.
Main article: Fountain of Youth
According to a popular legend, Ponce de León discovered Florida while searching for the Fountain of Youth. Though stories of vitality-restoring waters were known on both sides of the Atlantic long before Ponce de León, the story of his searching for them was not attached to him until after his death. In his Historia general y natural de las Indias of 1535, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés wrote that Ponce de León was looking for the waters of Bimini.[93]
A similar account appears in Francisco López de Gómara's Historia general de las Indias of 1551.[94] Then in 1575, Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda, a shipwreck survivor who had lived with the Native Americans of Florida for 17 years, published his memoir in which he locates the waters called the River Jordan (flowing out of Eden) in Florida,[95] and says that Ponce de León was supposed to have looked for them there.[96]
Though Fontaneda doubted that Ponce de León had really gone to Florida looking for the waters, the account was included in the Historia general de los hechos de los castellanos of Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas of 1615. Most historians hold that the search for gold and the expansion of the Spanish Empire were far more imperative than any potential search for such a fountain.[97][98]
Between voyages
Upon his return to Puerto Rico, Ponce de León found the island in turmoil. A party of Caribs from a neighboring island had attacked the settlement of Caparra, killed several Spaniards and burned it to the ground. Ponce de León's own house was destroyed and his family narrowly escaped. Colón used the attack as a pretext for renewing hostilities against the local Taíno tribes. The explorer suspected that Colón was working to further undermine his position on the island and perhaps even to take his claims for the newly discovered Florida.[99]
Ponce de León decided he should return to Spain and personally report the results of his recent expedition. He left Puerto Rico in April 1514 and was warmly received by Ferdinand when he arrived at court in Valladolid. There he was knighted,[39] and given a personal coat of arms, becoming the first conquistador to receive these honors. He also visited Casa de Contratación in Seville, which was the central bureaucracy and clearinghouse for all of Spain's activities in the New World. The Casa took detailed notes of his discoveries and added them to the Padrón Real, a master map which served as the basis for official navigation charts provided to Spanish captains and pilots.[100]
During his stay in Spain, a new contract[101] was drawn up for Ponce de León confirming his rights to settle and govern Beniny and Florida,[102] which was then presumed to be an island. In addition to the usual directions for sharing gold and other valuables with the king, the contract was one of the first to stipulate that the Requerimiento was to be read to the inhabitants of the islands prior to their conquest. Ponce de León was also ordered to organize an armada for the purpose of attacking and subduing the Caribs, who continued to attack Spanish settlements in the Caribbean.[103]
The Tomb of Ponce de León in the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Three ships were purchased for his armada and after repairs and provisioning Ponce de León left Spain on 14 May 1515 with his little fleet. The record of his activities against the Caribs is vague. There was one engagement in Guadeloupe on his return to the area and possibly two or three other encounters.[104] The campaign came to an abrupt end in 1516 when Ferdinand died. The king had been a strong supporter and Ponce de León felt it was imperative he return to Spain and defend his privileges and titles. He did receive assurances of support from Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, the regent appointed to govern Castile, but it was nearly two years before he was able to return home to Puerto Rico.
Meanwhile, there had been at least two unauthorized voyages to "his" Florida both ending in repulsion by the native Calusa or Tequesta warriors. Ponce de León realized he had to act soon if he was to maintain his claim.
Last voyage to Florida
In early 1521, Ponce de León organized a colonizing expedition consisting of some 200 men, including priests, farmers and artisans, 50 horses and other domestic animals, and farming implements carried on two ships. The expedition landed somewhere on the coast of southwest Florida, likely in the vicinity of Charlotte Harbor or the Caloosahatchee River, areas which Ponce de León had visited in his earlier voyage to Florida.[105]
Before the settlement could be established, the colonists were attacked by the Calusa, the indigenous people who dominated southern Florida and whose principal town was nearby. Ponce de León was mortally wounded in the skirmish when, historians believe, an arrow poisoned with the sap of the manchineel tree struck his thigh.[106]
The expedition immediately abandoned the colonization attempt and sailed to Havana, Cuba, where Ponce de León soon died of his wounds. He was buried in Puerto Rico, in the crypt of San José Church from 1559 to 1836, when his remains were exhumed and transferred to the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista.[107] Inscribed on the side panel of the altar-tomb in his mausoleum are these words in Latin: "MOLE SVB HAC FORTIS REQVIESCVNT OSSA LEONIS OVI VICIT FACTIS NOMINA MAGNA SVIS" ("Under this structure rest the bones of a lion, more for his great deeds than for his name").[108]
Legacy and honors
The World War II Liberty Ship SS Ponce De Leon was named in his honor.
Puerto Rico portal
Juan Ponce de León II
Juan Ponce de León y Loayza
Agüeybaná (The Great Sun)
Agüeybaná II
Hayuya
Jumacao
Discoverer of the Americas
Becerrillo, a dog owned by Juan Ponce de León
Library resources about
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
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Allen, John Logan (1997). North American Exploration. University of Nebraska Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-8032-1015-8.
Arnade, Charles W. (1967). Tebeau, Charlton W (ed.). "Who Was Juan Ponce de Leon?". Tequesta: The Journal of the Historical Association of Southern Florida. 1 (27): 29–58.
Anderson-Córdova, Karen F. (2005). "The Aftermath of Conquest: The Indians of Puerto Rico during the Early Sixteenth Century". In Siegel, Peter E. (ed.). Ancient Borinquen: Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Native Puerto Rico. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-5238-7.
Anderson-Córdova, Karen F. (2017). Surviving Spanish Conquest: Indian Fight, Flight, and Cultural Transformation in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1946-5.
Armstrong, Catherine; Chmielewski, Laura M. (2013). The Atlantic Experience: Peoples, Places, Ideas. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-137-40434-3.
Carriazo Rubio, Juan Luis (2005). "Literatura y rivalidad familiar en el linaje de los Ponce de León a fines del siglo XV". Actas del IX Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Hispánica de Literatura Medieval (in Spanish). 2: 66.
Claussen, Samuel A. (2020). Chivalry and Violence in Late Medieval Castile. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-78327-546-5.
Davis, T. Frederick (1935). "History of Juan Ponce de Leon's Voyages to Florida". Florida Historical Quarterly. 14 (1).
Devereux, Anthony Q. (1993). Juan Ponce de Leon, King Ferdinand, and the Fountain of Youth. Spartanburg, South Carolina: The Reprint Company, Publishers. ISBN 0871524643.
Floyd, Troy (1973). The Columbus Dynasty in the Caribbean, 1492–1526. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 135. ISBN 9780826302830.
Fuson, Robert Henderson (2000). Juan Ponce de León and the Spanish Discovery of Puerto Rico and Florida. McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-939923-84-7.
Goodwin, Robert (2019). América: The Epic Story of Spanish North America, 1493-1898. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-63286-724-7.
Greenberger, Robert (2005). Juan Ponce de Leon: The Exploration of Florida and the Search for the Fountain of Youth. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-8239-3627-4.
Hoffman, Paul E. (February 2000). "Ponce de León, Juan (1474-1521), Spanish explorer and discoverer of Florida". American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.2000274.
Kessel, John L. (2003). Spain in the Southwest: A Narrative History of Colonial New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-1928874201.
Lawson, Edward W. (1946). The Discovery of Florida and Its Discoverer Juan Ponce de Leon. Lawson. ISBN 978-1-258-92984-8.
Marley, David (2008). Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the present. ABC-CLIO. pp. 9–11. ISBN 978-1-59884-100-8.
Morison, Samuel Eliot (1974). The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages A.D. 1492–1616. Oxford University Press.
Manucy, Albert; Torres-Reyes, Ricardo (1979) [1973]. Puerto Rico and The Forts of Old San Juan. The Chatham Press. ISBN 978-0-912627-62-5.
Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernández de (1851). Historia general y natural de las Indias. Vol. Part 2, Book 16. Imprenta de la Real Academia de la Historia.
Peck, Douglas T. (1993). Ponce de León and the Discovery of Florida: The Man, the Myth, and the Truth. Pogo Press. ISBN 978-1-880654-02-6.
Perea, Salvador (1972). Historia de Puerto Rico, 1537-1700 (in Spanish). Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña.
Pickett, Margaret F.; Pickett, Dwayne W. (2014). The European Struggle to Settle North America: Colonizing Attempts by England, France and Spain, 1521-1608. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-6221-6.
Richards, John F. (31 December 2019). "Part III. The Americas". The Unending Frontier: 307–460. doi:10.1525/9780520939356-007. ISBN 9780520939356. S2CID 226777222.
Rouse, Irving (1992). The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People Who Greeted Columbus. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16183-0.
Rubio, Juan Luis Carriazo (2003). La Casa de Arcos entre Sevilla y la frontera de Granada (1374-1474) (in Spanish). Universidad de Sevilla. ISBN 978-84-472-0761-9.
Scammell, G. V. (2018). The World Encompassed: The First European Maritime Empires c.800-1650. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-01469-4.
Schimmer, Russell (2015). "Puerto Rico | Genocide Studies Program". gsp.yale.edu. Archived from the original on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
Slavicek, Louise Chipley (2009). Juan Ponce de León. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-0684-7.
Steigman, Jonathan D. (2005). La Florida Del Inca and the Struggle for Social Equality in Colonial Spanish America. University of Alabama Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-8173-5257-8.
Sterling, Eric (2003). "Ponce de León, Juan (1474–1521)". In Speake, Jennifer (ed.). Literature of Travel and Exploration: G to P. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-57958-424-5.
Swanton, John Reed (1922). Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 334. </ref>
Thomas, Hugh (2013). Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8041-5214-3.
Tió, Aurelio (1961). Nuevas fuentes para la historia de Puerto Rico : documentos inéditos o poco conocidos cuyos originales se encuentran en el Archivo General de Indias en la ciudad de Seville, España. San Germán : Ediciones de la Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico.
Tió, Aurelio (31 December 1971). "Doña Leonor Ponce de León: la primera puertorriqueña" (PDF). Boletín de la Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia. II (7).
Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (1999). Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII (in Spanish). Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de educación y cultura. ISBN 84-7846-781-5.
Turner, Samuel P. (3–6 May 2012). "The Caribbean World of Juan Ponce de León and His Discovery of Florida" (Paper presented at the Culturally La Florida Conference, May 3–6, St. Augustine, Florida).
Turner, Samuel (2013). "Juan Ponce de León and the Discovery of Florida Reconsidered". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 92 (1): 1–31. ISSN 0015-4113.
Van Middeldyk, Rudolph Adams (1903). The History of Puerto Rico: From the Spanish Discovery to the American Occupation. D. Appleton.
Vilches, Elvira (2010). New World Gold: Cultural Anxiety and Monetary Disorder in Early Modern Spain. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-85619-3.
Villatoro, Manuel P. (23 November 2021). "Contra la Leyenda Negra: la mentira de Ponce de León y la fuente de la eterna juventud". ABC (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 November 2021.
Weddle, Robert S. (1985). Spanish Sea: The Gulf of Mexico in North American Discovery, 1500-1685. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0-89096-211-4.
Wyman, Patrick (2021). The Verge: Reformation, Renaissance, and Forty Years that Shook the World. Hachette. ISBN 978-1-5387-0117-1.
^ a b Perea 1972, p. 26.
^ "Ponce de León". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
^ "Ponce de León, Juan". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021.
^ "Ponce de León". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
^ "Ponce de León". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
^ Morison 1974, pp. 502, 515.
^ Swanton 1922, p. 334.
^ Armstrong & Chmielewski 2013, p. 38.
^ Greenberger 2005, p. 80.
^ Hoffman 2000.
^ Sterling 2003, p. 973.
^ Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León 1999, p. 188.
^ Rubio 2003, p. 26.
^ a b Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León 1999, p. 191.
^ Alegre-Carvajal 2014, p. 333.
^ Fuson 2000, p. 38.
^ Arnade 1967, p. 40.
^ Carriazo Rubio 2005, p. 66.
^ Claussen 2020, pp. 1, 154.
^ Arnade 1967, pp. 36, 45.
^ Tió 1961, p. 535.
^ Thomas 2013, p. 261.
^ Oviedo 1851, p. 44.
^ Slavicek 2009, p. 14.
^ Devereux 1993, p. 7.
^ Morison 1974, p. 502.
^ Wyman 2021, p. 73.
^ Arnade 1967, pp. 44–45.
^ Allen 1997, p. 210.
^ Kessel 2003, pp. 4–5.
^ Turner 2013, p. 2.
^ PickettPickett 2014, p. 17.
^ Scammell 2018, p. 396.
^ Van Middeldyk 1903, pp. 12–15.
^ Schimmer 2015.
^ Fuson 2000, pp. 56–57.
^ Vilches 2010, p. 125.
^ a b c d Marley 2008, pp. 9–11.
^ Goodwin 2019, p. 36.
^ Rouse 1992, p. 155.
^ Tió 1971, p. 21.
^ Manucy & Torres-Reyes 1979, p. 23.
^ Devereux 1993, pp. 28, 34.
^ Tió 1961, pp. 18, 27, 30, 110.
^ Anderson-Córdova 2005, p. 342.
^ Anderson-Córdova 2017, p. 42.
^ Richards 2019, p. 325.
^ Marley 2008, pp. 12–13.
^ Lawson 1946, p. 3.
^ Lawson 1946, pp. 3–4.
^ Floyd 1973, p. 135.
^ Kessel 2003, p. 10.
^ Van Middeldyk 1903, p. 18.
^ Weddle 1985, p. 40.
^ Lawson 1946, pp. 84–88.
^ Fuson 2000, pp. 99–103.
^ Fuson 2000, pp. 103–115.
^ a b c d Turner 2012, p. 5.
^ Weddle 1985, pp. 40–41.
^ Turner 2013, pp. 8–9.
^ a b Morison 1974, p. 507.
^ Steigman 2005, p. 33.
^ Peck 1993, p. 39.
^ Datzman, Ken. "Did the famous explorer Ponce de León first hit Melbourne Beach", Brevard Business News, vol 30, no. 1 (Melbourne, Florida: 2 January 2012), p. 1 and 19.
^ Turner 2013, p. 15.
^ Turner 2013, pp. 9–15.
^ Turner 2013, pp. 14–15.
^ a b c Weddle 1985, p. 42.
^ San Juan municipality Archived 2 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine
^ a b Allen, pp.215–216.
^ a b Weddle 1985, pp. 43–45.
^ a b Fuson 2000, pp. 108–110.
^ Oviedo 1851, p. 482.
^ Francisco López de Gómara. Historia General de las Indias, second part.
^ Gruman, Gerald Joseph (2003). A History of Ideas About the Prolongation of Life. Springer Publishing Company. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8261-1875-2. Juan Ponz [sic] de León... went from Florida in search of the River Jordan... that he might become young from bathing in such a stream.
^ "Fontaneda's Memoir". Translation by Buckingham Smith, 1854. From keyshistory.org. Retrieved 28 March 2007.
^ Douglas, Marjory Stoneman (1947). The Everglades: River of Grass. Pineapple Press. ISBN 9781561641352. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
^ Carl Ortwin Sauer (1975). Sixteenth Century North America: The Land and the People as Seen by the Europeans. University of California Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-520-02777-0.
^ William Robert Shepherd (1907). Guide to the Materials for the History of the United States in Spanish Archives. Carnegie institution of Washington. p. 68.
^ Davis 1935, pp. 51–66.
^ Grunwald, Michael (2007). The Swamp. Simon & Schuster. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7432-5107-5.
^ Villatoro 2021.
"Ponce de Leon, Juan" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900.
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text:
Increasing vulnerability of the Nigerian Child: 4 years after Chibok – ActionAid Nigeria calls for safe cities and safe spaces in schools
LAGOS, Nigeria, April 13, 2018,-/African Media Agency (AMA)/- ActionAid Nigeria (AAN) continues to stand in solidarity with the families, friends and the entire community of the kidnapped Chibok girls, who in the last four years have endured the agony of missing their loved ones.
The Country Director of AAN Ene Obi say, ''While we commend the efforts of the Federal Government and the Nigeria military for securing the release of some of these kidnapped girls. However, today we remember the 113 girls that are yet to be rescued and we join our voice with their families, friends in Nigeria and the international community to call on the Nigerian government to intensify effort to bring back the girls.''
She added that ''the abduction of the Dapchi girls' although now released has further heightened the vulnerability of the Nigerian girl-child, both in conflict and non-conflict zones. Hence, government at all levels must prioritise safe cities, provision of security and safe spaces in our schools in order to encourage girls' enrolment and retention as well as protect them from all forms of violence.
Ene concluded that ''the Federal Government and the Nigeria military should adopt its intelligence, power and negotiation as deployed for the release of the Dapchi girls, to bring back the remaining 113 missing Chibok girls and 1 Dapchi girl, Leah Shuaibu.''
Distributed by African Media Agency (AMA) on behalf of ActionAid.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
SECRETS OF THE TITANIC - Original Television Score by Craig Safan
SKU: DDR-677
(CD comes W/Free Digital Download/Digital booklet)
Dragon's Domain Records, to be distributed through buysoundtrax.com, will be releasing SECRETS OF THE TITANIC, featuring music composed by Craig Safan (THE LAST STARFIGHTER, SON OF THE MORNING STAR) for the 1986 documentary produced by Dennis B. Kane, Nicholas Noxon and Teresa Koenig spotlighting the efforts of Dr. Robert D. Ballard and his team to explore the recently discovered remains of the Titanic in 1985, featuring narration by Martin Sheen.
Dragon's Domain Records presents the world premiere recording of the score to SECRETS OF THE TITANIC, featuring music composed by Craig Safan, and mastered by James Nelson of Digital Outland. The booklet contains liner notes written by noted author Randall D. Larson and includes comments from the composer.
SECRETS OF THE TITANIC is a limited edition release of 500 units. Suggested Retail Price is $17.95. The first 50 copies sold through the website will include a booklet autographed by composer Craig Safan.
01 The Titanic Theme 3:42
02 Main Title / Industrial Age 1:55
03 Last Photos 3:45
04 Night at Sea / Searching 1:49
05 Atlantic II 0:56
06 Elegy to the Victims 5:53
07 Survey 1:12
08 Underwater 3:46
09 Ballroom 1:08
10 Debris Field 2:01
11 Night of the Disaster 4:59
12 Epilogue 2:15
13 The Titanic Theme Reprise 3:32
CRAIG SAFAN HORROR MACABRE VOL. 2 - Nightmares/Seduced By Madness $17.95
THE RATINGS GAME - Original Soundtrack by David Spear $17.95
THE KEN THORNE COLLECTION: VOL. 1 - ASSAULT ON AGATHON / POWER PLAY $17.95
NIGHT CALLER - Original Soundtrack by Richard Band $17.95


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Over half of France's biggest businesses have a Deputy Chief Executive Officer on their boards, while 4% of Dutch companies, 3% of German, and zero UK organisations have the same.
Not having a Deputy CEO puts firms at serious risk if the CEO steps down unexpectedly, according to DHR International. No company in the UK's FTSE100 has a Deputy CEO, yet there were three in 2016 and six three years ago.
DHR International states that having a Deputy CEO gives support to a company as a whole, adding an additional pool of experience to help advise on strategic moves or when looking for opportunities for growth. Sometimes an interim CEO is required due to unforeseen circumstances, and this is a far simpler process when a Deputy is in place. Otherwise, the temporary replacement may be underqualified or external without a strong knowledge of the business, and this wastes valuable time.
Frank Smeekes, Managing Partner, Europe at DHR International, said of this issue: "Instability caused by a CEO unexpectedly stepping down could cause damage to a company's profits and share price.
"Whether the Deputy CEO is in place as part of a succession plan for the CEO, acting as an interim placement, or helping a new CEO find their feet – the role can be a vital tool to avoid any potential disruption to the smooth running of the board.
"A Deputy CEO can offer continuity for stakeholders including shareholders. Having a robust and sustainable CEO succession plan is one of the most important functions a board's nomination committee can perform.
"In addition, as a part of their role the Deputy CEO can work to ensure that the current CEO is pulling their weight. The Deputy CEO stands as a constant reminder that the Board does not necessarily consider the CEO to be indispensable – which should motivate them to deliver shareholder value on a consistent basis.


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text:
Die Pfarrkirche St. Paul ist die römisch-katholische Kirche im Stadtteil Mitterau in Krems an der Donau.

Geschichte
Die Diözese St. Pölten errichtete von 1963 bis 1968 eine damals so genannte Kirchliche Pädagogische Akademie im Stadtteil Mitterau; sie ist heute – als Campus Krems-Mitterau – einer der Standorte der Kirchlichen Pädagogischen Hochschule Wien/Krems. In der Hauskapelle der Akademie wurde von der Pfarre St. Veit mit Gemeindegottesdiensten begonnen und mit 1. Jänner 1974 wurde die eigene Pfarre St. Paul errichtet. Beim Architektenwettbewerb 1976 für Kirche und Pfarrzentrum erhielt der Architekt Josef Patzelt den 1. Preis und erhielt auch den Auftrag zur Ausführung. Mit Februar 1977 erfolgte der Spatenstich, die Grundsteinlegung am 25. Juni 1977 erfolgte durch Weihbischof Alois Stöger, die Gleichenfeier mit dem Abschluss des Rohbaues war am 15. Juni 1978. Beim Wettbewerb für die künstlerischen Ausgestaltung der Kirche konnte sich die Jury für keinen Künstler entscheiden, beauftragt wurde in Folge Günter Wolfsberger. Am 21. September 1980 wurde durch Bischof Franz Zak die Kirche geweiht und das Pfarrzentrum eröffnet.

Kirche und Pfarrzentrum
Der Hauptkirchenraum ist auf den runden Hauptaltar zentriert, wobei die Bänke etwas so wie ein Halbkreis angeordnet sind. Die Sängerempore ist so angeordnet, dass der Chor als Teil der Gemeinde sichtbar bleibt. Der Hauptkirchenraum ist in unverputztes Mauerwerk, herben Beton und naturbelassenes Holz gehalten. Der Kirchenvorraum ist groß bemessen und dient auch als Vorraum der Zusammenkunftshalle des Pfarrzentrums. Die Werktagskirche, üblich zum Hauptkirchenraum mit einer mobilen Wand abgeschlossen, und geöffnet zum Hauptaltar ausgerichtet, war ursprünglich im Bodenniveau mit einer Höhendifferenz vorgesehen. Weil der Baugrund sich als ehemalige Mülldeponie herausstellte, wurde aus Kostengründen die Höhendifferenz aufgegeben. Auch der Glockenpfeiler wurde aus Kostengründen zurückgestellt und nur das Fundament ausgeführt. Die Sakristei und der Ministrantenraum sind bereits Teil des Pfarrzentrums, welches mit den meisten Räumen um einen Innenhof angeordnet wurde und eine Pfarrerwohnung und eine Kaplanswohnung beinhaltet.

An der Altarwand war von 1978 bis 2008 als Leihgabe ein frühbarocker Kruzifix, ein Schnitzwerk aus der Filialkirche in St. Johann im Mauerthale. Der kreisförmige Altar aus Sandstein entwarf Josef Patzelt. Günter Wolfsberger gestaltete Tabernakel und Ambo, sie ruhen auf im Querschnitt kreuzförmigen Säulen aus Bronze, der bronzene Taufbrunnen hat mittig eine aufsteigende Säule, welche die Osterkerze trägt, die Türgriffe der Portale zeigen christliche Symbole, wie Fisch und Brot, Kelch und göttliches Auge. Die Werktagskapelle beinhaltet eine Madonna mit Kind, wo die Erarbeitung und Herkunft um 1720 in Südtirol angenommen wird. Die Vorhalle beinhaltet eine Paulusstatue, welche der örtliche Weinhauer Harald Hagen nach einer Paulusstatue aus dem 16. Jahrhundert geschaffen hat, welche im Museum der Stadt Krems steht. Die eucharistischen Gefäße, Kelch und Hostienschale und Monstranz, Kustodia und zwei Ziborien schuf Michael Peschta aus Wien, Absolvent der Meisterklasse für Metallgestaltung von Professor Franz Hagenauer an der Hochschule für angewandte Kunst in Wien.

Die Orgel verfügt über 1296 Pfeifen in 20 Registern auf 2 Manualen und Pedal und wurde von Gregor Hradetzky aus Krems an der Donau errichtet, wobei die Aufstellung der Orgel dem Spieler einen optimalen Kontakt zum liturgischen Geschehen bietet. 1995 wurde aus Anlass der 1000-Jahr-Feier der Stadt Krems ein Kirchturm errichtet und auf dem Pfarrplatz St. Veit von der Glockengießerei Grassmayr aus Innsbruck unter freiem Himmel eine Glocke gegossen. 2005 wurde der Glockenturm verstärkt und eine zweite Glocke ergänzt.

Bildergalerie

Literatur
 Festschrift Krems St. Paul. Geleitwort von Bischof Franz Zak,  Pfarre St. Paul, Krems 1980. Darin:
  Die Pfarre St. Paul stellt sich vor und Paulustradition in der Weinstadt Krems von Pfarrer Franz Schrittwieser,
  Kurze Kremser Pfarrgeschichte von Prälat Josef Edelhauser,
  Historisches Porträt der Pfarre St. Paul von Dr. Erika Schuster,
  Kirchenbau auf breiter Basis von Kanonikus Dr. Heinrich Fasching, Baudirektor der Diözese St. Pölten,
  Meine Gedanken zur Planung von Architekt Dipl. Ing. Prof. Josef Patzelt,
  Künstlerische Ausgestaltung von Prof. Günter Wolfsberger,
  Zur neuen Orgel von Prof. Hans Haselböck,
  Eucharistische Gefäße von Msgr. Prof. Dr. Franz Roth.

Weblinks

 Homepage der Pfarre St. Paul in Krems an der Donau

Einzelnachweise

Kirchengebäude in Krems an der Donau
Paulus-von-Tarsus-Kirche (Patrozinium)
Kirchengebäude in der Diözese St. Pölten
Sankt Paul
Erbaut in den 1970er Jahren
Dekanat Krems
Bauwerk der Moderne in Niederösterreich
Bauwerk aus Beton

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
6 Weird Facts About Decision Making That Will Change the Way You Sell
Leslie Ye
Sales is all about decisions.
As a salesperson, you have to be deliberate about who you spend your time with, how you position your product, how to negotiate with prospects, and everything else. Obviously, prospects have choices to make as well.
On the surface, decisions seem easy. You weigh your options, measure them against your preferences and goals, and choose the option that'll bring you the most benefits.
Of course, nothing's that simple. Everyone values different things, has different decision making frameworks, and has different preconceptions and worldviews that shape the ways they evaluate a situation. But all of us fall prey to similar decision making quirks. You can never enter a situation knowing exactly what your prospect is thinking, but taking advantage of the six patterns below can turn around your entire sale.
6 Facts That Affect How Buyers Make Decisions
1) Emotions trump logic.
A study by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio found that decisions become almost impossible when they're only reduced to logic. Damasio studied subjects who had brain damage in areas that generate their emotions, and found that they couldn't make even simple decisions, despite being able to logically talk through the pros and cons of different options.
When speaking to prospects' don't just give them the facts. Go above and beyond and paint them a picture of the new life they'll live if they choose your product -- one where a certain aspect of their job is easier, where they're receiving recognition for moving a metric, or they're able to crush the goals they've struggled with for a long time. Combine facts with appeals to their hope that things will get better, their fear that they won't, and their excitement about finding a solution to bring a sale home.
2) The more choice we have, the worse off we are.
In her TED talk "How to make choosing easier," Columbia Business School professor Sheena Iyengar describes an experiment she conducted with different varieties of jam. She set up a booth in a grocery store that displayed six or 24 types of jam. Under the six-variety condition, people stopped less frequently than during the 24-variety condition. However, six times as many people bought jam when fewer varieties were displayed.
The takeaway? While you may be excited about all the different features or products your company offers, overloading your prospect with a list of what they can buy will be overwhelming. Ask a few questions about what your prospect is looking for first, then walk them through a pared-down list of options that'll make it easier for them to digest and buy.
3) It's harder to make choices at the end of the day.
In a 2011 study, researchers at Ben-Gurion University found that parole boards granted parole to about 70% of cases heard in the morning, but less than 10% of cases heard in the afternoon. This pattern held true regardless of the prisoners' ethnic backgrounds, crimes, or initial sentences.
This pattern is due to a phenomenon called "decision fatigue." As the day wears on, it became harder for the parole board to consider every aspect of a case thoroughly, so they defaulted to what seemed like the safest choice -- keeping prisoners in jail, or the status quo.
Your prospects are subject to decision fatigue, too. If you're dealing with a particularly difficult deal or hesitant prospect, try to schedule calls earlier in the day, when your prospect's resistance to change isn't artificially high.
4) We can make complex choices if we're eased into it.
While Iyengar did find that giving people too many options was overwhelming, we are capable of making extremely complex decisions -- if our options are presented to us correctly. Iyengar used the example of customizing a car to illustrate her point: If choices with fewer options are shown first (for example, one of four types of engines), people are more likely to stick with the entire selection process than if options with a wide variety of choices (between 56 car colors, say) are presented first.
Follow the same pattern when you're working with a prospect. Start with having them make simple choices before you get into heavy customizations.
5) Information overload is real.
Information overload describes our inability to process more than a certain amount of information when we need to make decisions. As a result, we make mistakes and are paralyzed by indecision. Information overload has been greatly exacerbated by the sheer amount of information available on the internet today and the high volume of email we're used to receiving.
The takeaway? Keep things simple. There may be 17 good reasons for your prospect to buy from you, but highlight the most important three or four to start. Don't overwhelm them with a laundry list of benefits, lest they end the sales process just to relieve their brains.
6) Smaller groups make better choices.
A 2014 study by Princeton University researchers found that that the smaller a decision making group is, the more likely the group is to make the right choice. That's because group decisions are made based on two types of information: Correlated (things accepted by or known to all members) and uncorrelated (facts perceived only by some group members). They're equally important, but the larger the group, the more likely it is that correlated information will outweigh uncorrelated information.
While it's important to have all stakeholders who actually have decision making power in the room when you're making a sale, try and limit that number. The most accurate groups in the study fell between five and 20 members. Reps selling to smaller businesses probably won't run into this problem, but it's certainly a possibility that selling to large corporations could involve dozens of stakeholders.
What quirks of decision making have affected your sales? Let us know in the comments below.
Topics: How People Make Decisions
The Psychology of Customer Perceived Value [Infographic]
5 Types of Decision Makers & How to Sell to Each One
The Psychology of Choice: How to Make Easier Decisions
People Don't Like Buying From You: 6 Ways to Sell Anyway
26 Psychological Biases to Help You Sell Better and Faster
7 Cognitive Biases Salespeople Must Know to Close Deals [Cheat Sheet]
9 Science-Backed Hacks to Improve Your Decision-Making Process
4 Psychology-Backed Decision-Making Frameworks That Drive Buyers' Actions
20 Weird Cognitive Biases Influencing Your Buyer's Decision [Infographic]
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Wednesday, April 11, 2018 [Tweets] [Favorites]
The Inside Story of Reddit's Redesign
Arielle Pardes:
People on Reddit, like people everywhere on the internet, resist even the slightest changes. Redesigns almost always elicit atavistic rage—take it from Facebook, or Snapchat, or Digg. But on a site like Reddit, with 13 years of history baked into its current design, the resistance to change is higher than usual. As one user, u/vusys, put it in a comment to the design team: "The biggest misstep is taking a revolutionary approach instead of evolutionary. I agree that current reddit is kind of ugly, but it works."
The research from Krishna and Aradhyula helped inform a new set of design choices aimed at breaking down that perception: Now, there's a bigger button to signal where you can create a post. Before, formatting text posts required the use of Markdown; now, there's a WYSIWYG toolbar too. Before, you couldn't combine text, images, and links in the same posts; now, you can roll them all into one, along with embedded movies. The new posting flow also surfaces the community guidelines of the subreddit you're posting to, which helps new users understand the rules so they don't accidentally get their post nuked. It's hard to imagine a Reddit veteran caring about any of this. But for someone brand new to the site, it's the difference between finding the confidence to make that first post or closing the tab, walking away, and never coming back.
To make that possible, the redesign introduces three ways to browse the site: "Classic view" looks the most like Reddit did before. "Compact view" helps moderators scroll through bulk content quickly. "Card view" pre-expands content like photos and posts, which makes it easier to scroll through a feed like r/pics without having to click each individual post. (It looks a lot more like Facebook or Twitter, which Perez says is intentional. "For a lot of our new users, they like it. They come from those places.") Users can toggle between these three views at any time, offering a more customizable way to consume the content on the site. Now, there's no single way to use Reddit. There's no single redesign either.
Update (2018-06-12): Chris Siebenmann:
It's pretty clear to me that the old design intended people to click on the links to articles, taking you away from Reddit; you might then return back to read the Reddit comments. The new design intends for you to click on the links to the Reddit discussions; even on the individual discussion page for a link, the link itself is no more prominent than here. As it is, posts to r/golang and elsewhere are often simply on-Reddit questions or notes; with the new design, I expect that to happen more and more.
Design Reddit Web
Fedja
The reddit redesign might actually be the first in my computing history that I like, or at least don't dislike.
Though, I had the misfortune of stumbling upon it on the 1st of April. I couldn't figure out if it's a cruel joke or reality.
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Pablo Rodríguez Flores (born 8 March 1955) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a left winger.

Club career
Born in Turón (Mieres), Asturias, Rodríguez arrived at Valencia CF from local giants Sporting de Gijón, going on to compete several seasons with the reserves. He made his debut with the first team on 8 April 1978 in a 7–0 home rout of Rayo Vallecano, but would only appear in a combined ten La Liga games in his first two seasons.

In the following four years, Rodríguez was a relatively important attacking unit for the Che, playing an average of 21 league matches. He contributed with six appearances and one goal as the club won the 1980 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, including the full 120 minutes in the final against Arsenal, where he also converted his penalty shootout attempt.

Rodríguez retired in June 1986 at the age of 31, after one-season spells with UD Salamanca (Segunda División, team relegation) and Levante UD (lower leagues).

Honours
Valencia
Copa del Rey: 1978–79
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1979–80
UEFA Super Cup: 1980

References

External links

CiberChe stats and bio

1955 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Footballers from Asturias
Association football wingers
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Valencia CF Mestalla footballers
Valencia CF players
UD Salamanca players
Levante UD footballers


Welcome from New Student and Family Services!
SOAR Registration will open on April 1 for students entering UNC Charlotte this fall!
On behalf of the Office of New Student and Family Services, it is my pleasure to welcome you to the UNC Charlotte family. The Office of New Student and Family Services is committed to ensuring student success and inspiring #NinerPride from day one. We achieve this through innovative programs, services and opportunities focused on transition, community building, leadership development, and continuous engagement in the student and family 49er experience.
Our office is designed to assist both students and their families in the transition to and engagement with UNC Charlotte. As a growing institution, UNC Charlotte boasts half of the UNC system growth over the past six years, and student opportunities are plentiful as a result of the growth. As a Niner, students have the opportunity to participate in over 350 registered student organizations, volunteer within the Niner Student Pantry, serve as an Orientation Counselor, play intramural sports, and much more. Additionally, in the next two years, the Levine residence hall will open and the Light Rail will connect to campus. It's an exciting time to be a Forty Niner!
Additionally, the opportunities for students to connect and engage with the University are plentiful through our office. Each year, the Office of New Student and Family Services provides leadership opportunities and employment for students who serve as Orientation Counselors, Parent and Family Marketing Assistants, Week of Welcome Executive Board members, Week of Welcome Leaders, office staff, and various other leadership roles. These students are seen as premier leaders within the University community and represent the values of Integrity, Community, Personal Development, Team Achievement, #NinerPride, and Leadership.
For our families, each fall and spring semester provides opportunities to participate in campus life through Family Weekend and Spring Family Reunion. These events welcome families back to campus and focus on the energy and excitement within the Niner community. Additionally, families can join our Parent and Family Advisory Council, contribute to the 49er Family Fund, join our free Niner Nation Family program, and learn about campus events through our monthly newsletter, Relatively Speaking.
Throughout your time here, we hope that you ask questions, connect with other students and families, and learn about our diverse campus. The University of North Carolina at Charlotte is a growing, thriving community and has many opportunities to offer. We look forward to working with you throughout your time at UNC Charlotte!


In ancient times Caulbearers were held in high regard for their knowledge in a wide range of disciplines, and therefore became known as 'priests' which originally simply meant 'teacher'.
What is so special about the Caul?
The main reason why those born with a caul were and are held in high regard, is principally due to the fact that such births can be calculated in advance, and the time and place of such births predicted. This marked the birth of a Caulbearer as being of particular significance, along with the fact that such people often had peculiar abilities in many diverse ways which were not commonly found in the general populace.
Caulbearers are often found to have ability in matters of finding underground water supplies, knowing when weather patterns will change, predicting when fish and other food supplies will become plentiful.
Many are great natural healers, which trait may be manifested by the laying on of their hands, or remotely from a distance. Many are considered to have great ability in matters of judgment and ruling nations and often possess insights which are difficult to appreciate by other people.
In many cultures the Caulbearers were considered to be "Kings by right," due to the predictive nature of their births and their leadership abilities. This is one of the reasons why certain Buddhist groups, to this very day seek out Caulbearers to be brought up to become Dalai Lamas.
Throughout history the powers that be have repeatedly attempted to destroy the Caulbearers because they were seen to be messengers sent by a higher force to guide mankind in matters both physical and of a higher spiritual nature. In ancient times they were held in high regard for their knowledge in a wide range of disciplines, and therefore became known as 'priests' which originally simply meant 'teacher.' This was long before the notion of the religious priest was ever conceived.
The Caul or Veil is sometimes also referred to as "The Veil of Tears" due to the tendency of baser types of people to attack or even kill Caulbearers, often for no apparent reason --- such as in the Middle Ages, when they were burned as witches and heretics, mainly by the Church of Rome.
Persons of negative character may often react to Caulbearers at a very subconscious level as they sense that there is something different about these people. There are many folk tales about "the curse of the Caul" which appears to come from the fallout of negative actions against a bearer of the Caul.
In many cultures around the world the Caul is more commonly referred to as " The Veil," and the word "Caulbearer" is the usual word in English speaking countries. However it should be pointed out that the word Caulbearer will generally not be found in standard dictionaries due to repeated suppression of the reality of such people as they have often been persecuted by those who wished to become kings by might rather than by birthright.


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Taylor Hooton Foundation > Hoot's Corner > General > NHL and Taylor Hooton Foundation Team Up to Prevent Youth Steroid Abuse
NHL and Taylor Hooton Foundation Team Up to Prevent Youth Steroid Abuse
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE National Hockey League and Taylor Hooton Foundation Team Up to Prevent Youth Steroid Abuse McKINNEY, TX (April 26, 2012) The Taylor Hooton Foundation (THF), widely acknowledged leader in the advocacy against performance enhancing substance abuse by the youth of North America, announced a partnership with the National Hockey League (NHL). The NHL has agreed to endorse the foundation and its education programs that are designed to eliminate anabolic steroid and other appearance and performance enhancing drug use among our youth in the United States and Canada. "The NHL is proud to support the efforts of the Taylor Hooton Foundation," said NHL Deputy Commissioner Bill Daly. "The dangers of anabolic steroids in the hands of our youth is all too real, and awareness and education is the key to prevention. I can't think of any group who has done more over the years to get this message out there to youth and adults. That is why we're happy to lend our brand and our support to their efforts." "We're very proud and grateful to have the support of such a well-known and admired brand as the National Hockey League," said THF founder and president Don Hooton. "Through this partnership, we have the opportunity to expand our reach and deliver our programs to hundreds of thousands of NHL fans across North America. We look forward to working with the NHL team to make this happen," added Hooton. The Taylor Hooton Foundation is a 501c3 non-profit organization that is dedicated to educating North America's young people about the dangers of anabolic steroids and other appearance and performance enhancing drugs.  The Foundation was formed in 2004 by the friends and family of Taylor Hooton after his untimely death. For more information about the Taylor Hooton Foundation and its efforts, please visit www.taylorhooton.org. Contact: Kyle Purdy, VP Corporate Development kyle.purdy@taylorhooton.org 972-403-7300


Location: Penthouse, Ely Mews, Rogers Lane (Off Lower Baggot Street), Dublin 2.
PENTHOUSE SUITE - large one bedroom penthouse apartment off Baggot Street, beside Government Buildings, Merrion Hotel, Baggot Inn and Toners Pub. Highly recommend viewing.
Large double bedroom with ample wardrobe space.
Separate kitchen area with breakfast counter.
Fully secure with alarm system.
Washing machine / dryer, microwave, cooker and dishwasher.
Travelling from St. Stephen's Green along Merrion Row, continue through the junction with Merrion Street and take the next right onto Rogers Lane. The entrance to the development is on the right towards the end of this small lane.


The most prevalent approach to fat gain is a low-calorie diet plan. According to the American Medical Association,20 70 percent of American adults are eating reduced calorie diets in order to attain a more desirable body weight. Although dieting is a productive means for temporarily reducing body weight, it is essentially ineffective for maintaining the lower body weight.4,15 Research clearly demonstrates that almost all successful dieters regain the weight they lost within a relatively short period of time. 4,15 This undesirable outcome is largely due to the muscle loss and metabolic rate reduction that occurs during periods of calorie restriction.11 In fact, research reveals that approximately 25 percent of the weight lost through dieting is muscle tissue.1,8,19,23 Dieting, therefore, exacerbates two of the major factors responsible for fat gain in the first place, namely muscle loss and metabolic rate reduction.
With this in mind, it makes sense to couple a sensible diet plan, (effective for losing fat),4,15 with a reasonable program of resistance exercise (effective for increasing muscle and metabolism).3,12,18 Although it might seem logical to combine dieting with aerobic activity, research indicates that this actually increases muscle loss.2,22 A 2017 weight loss study by Beavers et al.2 compared the body composition effects of diet alone, diet with aerobic activity, and diet with resistance exercise over a 6-month intervention period. The diet only group lost 11.2 pounds of fat weight and 2.4 pounds of lean (muscle) weight. The diet with aerobic activity group lost 14.1 pounds of fat weight and 3.3 pounds of lean weight. The diet with resistance exercise group experienced the most fat weight loss (-17.2 pounds) and the least lean weight loss (-1.5 pounds).
Another 2017 weight loss study found that the body composition changes attained by dieting with aerobic activity could be improved upon by adding resistance exercise.22 After 6 months, the diet with aerobic activity group lost 13.9 pounds of fat weight and 5.9 pounds of lean (muscle) weight, whereas the diet with aerobic activity and resistance exercise group lost 15.4 pounds of fat weight and 3.7 pounds of lean weight. Of course, any lean weight loss is undesirable, as this negatively impacts health, fitness, function, metabolism, and appearance.
However, these impressive 6-month results are only as good as their sustainability after discontinuation of the diet plan. With relatively rare exceptions, almost all successful weight loss programs are followed by a return to pre-diet body weight after resuming normal caloric consumption.4,15 Therefore, we conducted a follow-up weight maintenance study in which our prior weight loss study participants eliminated caloric restriction, switched from 2 daily meal replacement protein shakes to 1 daily meal replacement protein shake, and continued the same basic exercise program (40 minutes, 2-3 days per week).24 After 9 months without caloric restriction, our weight maintenance program participants had the same body weight and a significantly better body composition. Although they did not regain any body weight, they continued to reduce fat and rebuild muscle throughout the 9-month post-diet period. This is one of very few weight maintenance studies to actually avoid weight regain, and the only weight maintenance study to attain continued body composition improvement with concurrent fat loss and muscle gain.
Reduced but reasonable caloric consumption, such as 1,200 – 1,500 calories/day for women, and 1,500 – 1,800 calories/day for men).
Increased protein intake, such as 2 daily meal replacement protein shakes.
Basic and brief exercise program, such as 2-3 weekly workouts featuring 20 minutes of aerobic activity and 20 minutes of strength training.
(1) Increased protein intake, such as 1 daily meal replacement protein shake.
of aerobic activity and 20 minutes of strength training.
Note. With respect to the nutrition program, participants who did not like to drink protein shakes were allowed to substitute protein bars with similar amounts of protein (20 grams) and carbohydrate (32 grams). Also, to ensure appropriate intake of vitamins and minerals, participants took a daily vitamin/mineral complex that included 500 mg of calcium and 1,200 IU of vitamin D. All of the nutritional products were provided by Shaklee Corporation (Pleasanton, CA).
Wayne WL and La Rosa Loud R. Addressing The Obesity Epidemic. AHHF GAMUT, Issue, 62, July/Aug 2018.
Wayne L. Westcott, Ph. D., is Professor and Director of Exercise Science at Quincy College in Quincy, MA, and author of 28 strength training books. Rita La Rosa Loud, B.S., is Director of the Health & Fitness Research Center at Quincy College.
Ballor D, Poehlman E. Exercise training enhances fat-free mass preservation during diet-induced weight loss: A meta analytic finding. Inter J Obes. 1994;18:35-40.
Beavers K, Ambrosius W, Rejeski W, et al. Effect of exercise type during intentional weight loss on body composition in older adults with obesity. Obesity. 2017; 25:1823-1829.
Campbell WW, Crim MC, Young VR, Evans WJ. Increased energy requirements and changes in body composition with resistance training in older adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994; 60(2):167-175.
Dombrowski SU, Knittle K, Avenell A, Araujo-Soares V, Sniehotta FF. Long term maintenance of weight loss with non-surgical interventions in obese adults: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. BMJ. 2014;348:1-12.
Evans W. Protein nutrition and resistance exercise. Can. J. Clin. Nutr. 2001; 26(6): S141-S152.
Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010; 303(3):235-241.
Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Fiatarone MA, et al. Aging of skeletal muscle: A 12-yr longitudinal study. J. Appl. Physiol. 2000; 88:1321-1326.
Garrow JS, Summerbell CD. Meta-analysis: effect of exercise, with or without dieting, on the body composition of overweight subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1995; 49:1-10.
Heden T, Lox C, Rose R, et al. One-set resistance training elevates energy expenditure for 72 hours similar to three sets. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2011; 111:477-484.
Heilbronn LK, de Jonge L, Frisard MI, et al. Effect of 6-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA.
Hunter GR, Fisher G, Neumeier WH, et. al. Exercise training and energy expenditure following weight loss. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2015; 47(9): 1950-1957.
Hunter GR, Wetzstein CJ, Fields DA, et al. Resistance training increases total energy expenditure and free-living physical activity in older adults. J. Appl. Physiol. 2000; 89(3):977-984.
Josse A, Atkinson S, Tarnopolski M, Phillips S. Increased consumption of dairy foods and protein during diet- and exercise-induced weight loss promotes fat mass loss and lean mass gain in overweight and obese premenopausal women. J. Nutr. 2011; 141:1626-1634.
Keys A, Taylor HL, Grande F. Basal metabolism and age of adult man. Metabolism. 1973; 22:579-587.
Mann T, Tomiyama J, Westling E, et al. Medicare's search for effective obesity treatments – diets are not the answer. Am Psych. 2007; 62(3):220-233.
Nelson ME, Fiatarone M, Morganti C., et al. Effects of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. JAMA. 1994; 272: 1909-1914.
Phillips SM. Resistance exercise: Good for more than just Grandma and Grandpa's muscles. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2007; 32:1198-1205.
Pratley R, Nicklas B, Rubin M, et al. Strength training increases resting metabolic rate and norepinephrine levels in healthy 50- to 65-year-old men. J. Appl. Physiol. 1994; 76(1):133-137.
Ross R, Dagnone D, Jones P, et al. Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in men: A randomized, controlled trail. Ann. Intern. Med. 2000; 133:92-103.
Serdula MK, Mokdad AH, Williamson DF, et al. Prevalence of attempting weight loss and strategies for controlling weight. JAMA. 1999; 282(14):1353-1358.
Strasser B, Schobersberger W. Evidence of resistance training as a treatment therapy in obesity. J. Obesity. 2011; doi:1155/2011/482564.
Villareal DT, Aguirre L, Gurney AB, Waters DL, Sinacore DR, Colombo E, Armamento-Villareal R, Qualls C. Aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, in dieting obese older adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017; 376:1943-1955.
Weiss E, Jordan R, Frese E, et al. Effects of weight loss on lean mass, strength, bone, and aerobic capacity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2017; 49:206-217.
Westcott WL, Colligan A, Lannutti K, La Rosa Loud R, Vallier S. Effects of resistance exercise and protein on body composition following weight loss. J. Clin. Exerc. Phsyiol. 2018; 7(2): 1-8.
Westcott WL, Colligan A, Puhala K, Lannutti K, La Rosa Loud R, Vallier S. Exercise and nutrition effects on body composition and blood measures in overweight adults. J. Exerc. Physiol. 2017; 20(1):200-20.
Wolfe RR. The unappreciated role of muscle in health and disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006; 84:475-482.


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Перранпорт (, ) — небольшой курортный город на северном побережье графства Корнуолл (Англия, Великобритания) в 11 километрах к северу от административного центра Труро. Название происходит от корнского Porthpyran и буквально означает «бухта Св. Пирана», в честь ирландского отшельника — покровителя Корнуолла, основавшего в этих местах монастырь в VII века н. э.

Общая информация
Город формируется вдоль главной улицы — St Piran's Road, на которой расположены многочисленные магазины, кафе, бары. Вдоль морского побережья пролегает пятикилометровый благоустроенный пляж, который с мая по сентябрь является популярным местом для семейного отдыха. Направление и сила ветров благоприятны для занятий сёрфингом и кайтсёрфингом. От берега вглубь полуострова простираются многокилометровые песчаные дюны, где проводятся соревнования по спортивному ориентированию, а также расположен один из тренировочных лагерей министерства обороны Великобритании. Здесь же расположен гольф-клуб, входящий в число лучших в Великобритании.

В городе есть аэродром, созданный в 1941 году как база истребителей ВВС Великобритании. С 1946 года аэродром имеет только гражданское значение.

В Перранпорте каждый октябрь проходит международный кельтский фестиваль.

Галерея

Примечания

Ссылки
 Перранпорт на сайте dmoz.org (экономическая и туристическая информация о городе)

Населённые пункты Корнуолла
Города Англии


Welcome back to toxicity!!! After my four days off, hello toxic shift! Full house. Wow. Three trans-out. Patient A, have severe bleeding; Patient B, have fetal distress on CTG; Patient C was previous 2 CS, breech, and in labor! Got admissions and discharges too. What an epic comeback, self. Thank God I'm with Sister Neena and Sheeba! ~ grateful indeed!
Few more days left and I will not be able to see these doctors that made me curse my job. I do really hope that these doctors would be more nice, respectful and caring for nurses too. I just wish them good karma in the future.
Inspite of my toxic shift that I got home at 1730H, all my sisters here in our flat celebrated Ate Analyn's birthday at La Paz. Thanks for inviting me. Hihi. Happy Birthday! ~ my gift will be to follow na muna. Thanks for being so kind to me, Ate!


While it may often seem that no employer is getting diversity and inclusion right, many organizations have struggled to cultivate cultures that welcome and support all workers. Headlines have abounded, with incidents ranging from the unconscious bias incidentat Starbucks in Philadelphia in April that resulted in the arrests of two African-American men for asking to use the bathroom to the age discrimination lawsuit filed at IBM after the company dismissed more than 20,000 older workers in five years to the countless sexual harassment allegations that have shaken workplaces across the nation. Yet at the same time, some companies have been making progress.