When you let a 3-year-old make a sandwich, they include everything they like. Peanut butter, jelly, salami, Cheerios. Those are all great ideas! Chocolate, honey and maple syrup in there. Oh, Mom puts salt on food - let's do that too. Lots. That dish soap looks like a delicious green!
With the first bite, reality hits -- and they hand you the sandwich with a sour face.
Entrepreneurs are the same. We combine lots of good ideas into one bad idea.


Warning: Reason support is experimental. We are looking for beta-tester and contributors.
Eliom service registration for services that only execute actions.
Eliom service registration for services that choose dynamically what they want to send.
Everything we need to make an atom feed.
Creation of HTML5 content from client-side values.
Creation of content from client-side values.
Basic primitives needed for server push.
Map adressed by URL path, used for Eliom_cookie.cookieset.
Eliom service registration for services that returns CSS.
Type-safe custom data for HTML5.
The Customize functor allows specialization of service registration functions by customizing the page type.
Creation of HTML5 content with DOM semantics (referable, see also Eliom_content ).
Typed interface for building valid SVG tree (DOM semantics).
Event from server to client.
Primitives to push data to the client, without explicit request.
Low level functions for Eliom, exceptions and types.
This module makes also possible get information from the configuration file.
This module allows creating valid HTML content, or other XML formats.
Cookies table manipulation (Duplicate of Ocsigen_cookies).
Client-server cache for Eliom applications, that is used both for keeping data on client side or keeping values in memory during a request.
Allows Ocsigen's extension to access Eliom data.
The function make_uri service get_params returns the URL of the service service applied to the GET parameters get_params.
A few common functions used by Eliom.
This module defines the functor to use to creates modules generating functions to register services for your own types of pages.
Ad-hoc runtime type representation for service parameters.
This module is automatically open by eliomc and js_of_eliom.
Propagate events occurrences from the server to the client and the other way around.
This module contains the functions you need to get (or set) information about current request.
Creation and manipulation of Eliom services.
This module implements shared (i.e., client-server) versions of the React and ReactiveData libraries.
Storing server-side values for your applications or sessions.
Helpers for (hierarchical) menu generation in HTML5.
Types shared by client and server.
Low-level functions for relative or absolute URL calculation.
This module allows access to references for other groups, sessions, or client processes.
Creation of Functional HTML5 content (copy-able but not referable, see also Eliom_content ).
Typed interface for building valid SVG tree (functional semantics).
This is a dummy ReactiveData module that allows us to refer to client-side ReactiveData types on the server side, without actually linking against ReactiveData.
Eliom service registration for services that returns file contents.
Same as file but makes possible to specify the content type for each file.
Eliom service registration and forms creation for fragment of HTML5 page.
Eliom service registration for HTML5 page.
Building and printing valid HTML5 tree.
Eliom service registration for services that returns HTML5 page.
Eliom service registration and forms creation for untyped HTML page.
This functor build a hidden service that will be used to receive the remote server's data.
Eliom service registration for services that returns fragment of TyXML's tree.
Eliom service registration for services that send marshalled OCaml values.
Creation of HTML5 content from shared reactive signals and data (Eliom_shared ).
Creation of SVG content from shared reactive signals and data (Eliom_shared ).
Eliom service registration for services that returns a redirections towards another service.
Eliom service registration for services that returns "byte" contents with Ocsigen's streams.
Eliom service registration for services that returns "byte"-string contents.
Eliom service registration for services that returns a redirections towards a string-URL.
Building and pretty-printing valid SVG tree.
Similar to Actions with `NoReload option.
Event from client to server.
Same functions as in Eliom_reference but a non-Lwt interface for non-persistent Eliom references.


Found to the West of Sancerre - this Loire Sauvignon offers an easy-drinking and very well-made option for buyers. Like Sancerre without the price tag. A little bit softer and rounder, yet very refreshing and full of exotic fruit. 'Tydy' little number!


text:
SSMA Home
Support SSMA
Rockin' Encore
Awards (2019)
Jackie Rezuke - Volunteer In The News
Jackie, a Graphic artist specializing in photographic retouching and restoration, joined the SSMA Board when a friend and Board Member invited her to a meeting. Jackie is so glad she was encouraged to join. "It's a great group of people. We get so much accomplished but at the same time have fun doing it," she said. As a part of SSMA, Jackie has helped with the Music Drive, All State Auditions, Music Awards Night, Rockin' Winter Wonderland, Junior Central District Festival, Concert Attire and baking/selling refreshments. Jackie designed the new SSMA logo earlier this year.
Two daughters, a son, a love of music and theater and an artist's skills have turned Jackie Rezuke into a versatile volunteer and SSMA Board member. When Jackie's older daughter Julie started to perform in musicals at Oak Middle School in 2006, Jackie quickly learned how much work is done behind the scenes and became a costume volunteer. When Julie moved up to SHS, she became very active in music and theatre, performing in many plays and musicals and singing in Women's Choir. Jackie's son John next came to SHS, where he was a member of A Cappella Choir and performed in Variety Shows, Student Composer Night and was in the Spring Musical his Senior Year.
Jackie learned much more at SHS about how many people is takes for a successful production--from costumes, sets, props, hair and makeup. "It's really a team effort involving many creative and talented people, and I knew I wanted to help out and be a part of this," Jackie recalled. Being an artist Jackie was drawn to set painting. She has been painting sets at Oak Middle and SHS for 8 years where she assisted Nathan Colby and Liz Ushinski who Jackie said are both incredible artists. Jackie is amazed at how they can take ordinary objects and turn them into beautiful things. An great example of these transformations was the pumpkin coach and horses in the SHS 2015 Spring Musical "Cinderella". Most of the large work is done on stage, but Jackie also bring smaller elements home to work on. She really enjoys the projects that involve detail, lettering and colorful designs.
Some of Jackie's favorite memories of SSMA involve marching with the SSMA in the Spirit of Shrewsbury parade as well as the wonderful get-togethers hosted by George and Joanne Smith. Jackie plans to continue to be involved in SSMA as her daughter Angela is a member of the SHS Freshman class and will be pursuing her own love of music and theater at SHS.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Action Steps After Cancun
By Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski
Courtesy Reuters
The meeting of 22 national leaders convened at Cancún, in Mexico, last October, despite "millimetric progress" (in the words of Willy Brandt), launched a call for "global negotiations." What is meant by this is a series of international conferences, sponsored perhaps by the United Nations, to discuss the major economic problems which have affected the balance of payments and prosperity of many developing countries. Among these problems are food, commodity price stabilization, energy, and the international financial system.
If the experience of the North-South dialogue of the last decade is any guide, there is bound to be a lot of skepticism on both sides of the table about the likely results of this latest effort. The new talks would start in the midst of a deep international recession, which has driven most commodity prices other than oil to their lowest levels in real terms since the end of the Second World War. While this catastrophe obviously stimulates a wide array of developing countries to give global negotiations another try, it also makes it much more difficult for the industrialized countries of Europe and North America to be generous, as they themselves face serious domestic economic and social problems. As of the spring of 1982, the number of unemployed in the United States and the European Economic Community topped 20 million workers.
This article presents ideas on some further steps beyond Cancún. It concentrates particularly on the role of the multilateral development banks and their possible part in energy development.
A major stimulus to the Cancún meeting was that the Reagan Administration has been widely perceived as only tangentially interested in the developing world. This is of course not surprising for a government whose main concern is to introduce major domestic reforms. Moreover, the phenomenon is not new. The U.S. constituency interested in the developing world has always been limited to a few relatively small groups. In the last decade the strength of this constituency has eroded. The aftermath of Vietnam, stimulating isolationism, was clearly a major factor. The backlash against OPEC was another. Then the opening up of China, a country with historic links to the United States, introduced the fascinating new subject of a huge country which absorbed the attention of those normally interested in other less spectacular developing countries. These changes were combined with the endless confrontational rhetoric at the United Nations, especially on the part of a small number of Middle East and African countries. All of this has sharply eroded the interest in developing countries; support for development assistance, tenuous at best, has plummeted. The Reagan Administration clearly feels it has to be responsive to these electoral views.
The result has been a questioning by the U.S. government of what should be the role of the multilateral development agencies, with ensuing cuts in the proposed capital increases for the multilateral development banks, especially the World Bank and the International Development Association (IDA), the World Bank affiliate which is funded almost entirely out of government contributions and lends to the poorest countries.
While the degree of criticism of the multilateral development banks by the U.S. Administration has receded somewhat in recent months, as they have begun to reorient their lending and give greater emphasis to the development of private sector projects, the cut in the growth of the volume of lending is taking place at a time when access to commercial bank loans by the so-called middle-level developing countries is becoming more difficult, as a result of the well-publicized debt-service problems of Poland and Romania and the financial difficulties of a few large economies in Latin America. The severity of the impact of the international recession upon export earnings of developing countries thus threatens to be aggravated on the side of the capital account by a curtailment of loan flows at the time when many countries are in particular need.
Let me digress to illustrate this point with reference to Peru, my own country, and to show the very limited room for maneuver which such countries face in economic terms at this juncture. The case of Peru, by no means the worst hit among middle-level developing countries, since it is a modest net oil exporter, illustrates the perils of an international recession combined with high international interest rates and curtailed capital flows.
In mid-1980, Peru embarked on a bold experiment with democratic government, after the first presidential elections since 1963. The return to power of Fernando Belaúnde Terry, after twelve years of military rule, naturally greatly heightened popular expectations. For one thing, per capita income had declined sharply-by about 15 percent-in the wake of the financial crisis of 1975-78, which was brought on by the profligate fiscal policies of the previous government. For another, the restoration of freedom of the press on the day Belaúnde was inaugurated was bound to fuel popular hopes further. A major program was launched to stimulate investment and production, by giving farmers credit and more realistic prices and by making new investment more attractive in petroleum and mining. A start has been made in filling the large infrastructure gaps which had been allowed to develop in the previous decade, especially in roads, electric power, education and basic public health. All of this has required revenue and also painful domestic adjustment measures such as price increases and decontrol for food and fuel, and the introduction of new taxes, particularly a value-added tax, in order to finance the public investment effort.
In a relatively small economy such as Peru's, prosperity and the availability of resources are heavily dependent upon exports. The reconstruction effort thus relies on external prosperity. The combination of the international recession and high interest rates cast a pall over 1981. Peru did well to register a four percent rate of economic growth in 1981. 1982 looks quite uncertain. Minerals as a group, which account for half of Peru's merchandise export earnings, at present face their lowest export prices in real terms in more than 30 years. The case of copper, which represents one quarter of merchandise export earnings, is particularly dramatic. One ton of copper in 1970 could buy 24 tons of wheat (most developing countries are wheat importers, because of climatic conditions) or four large tractors; in 1981 its purchasing power had fallen to 11 or one respectively.
At the same time, soaring international interest rates on the floating rate Eurodollar portion of the external debt, the largest single component of the external debt of the middle-income developing countries, has caused a scissors effect on their balance of payments and their budgets: less income, more outlays.
The case of Peru, not an untypical one, illustrates the vulnerability of relatively undeveloped economies to the international recession and the accompanying credit squeeze. Global negotiations cannot cope with this immediate problem. A more prosperous international setting is the prime requisite. On the other hand, the magnitude of the international recession requires that the negotiations that follow Cancún focus on rather practical and achievable objectives.
The first key point is thus that the post-Cancún negotiations be practical and limited in scope. A major priority should be to focus on subjects on which there is a risk of going backwards if nothing is done. Two subjects come to mind. First, the future role of the multilateral development banks (particularly the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.) Here it is fundamental to avoid retrogressing in areas where international cooperation has worked well. Second, there is the question of energy, where the present conventional wisdom that the glut in world oil will last for a long time may well slow down the drive to correct past mistakes in energy policy and, in the case of the poorest developing countries, to give proper orientation and funding to their energy programs. The fact that these two subjects can be discussed in specialized groups, rather than in large "global" conferences, should not invalidate their importance on the post-Cancún agenda.
In recent years the multilateral development banks, and among them especially the World Bank, have become far more visible as a result of their growing volume of operations. In the fiscal year ended in June 1981, gross loan disbursements to developing countries by the World Bank and its affiliate for highly concessional loans, IDA, were almost seven billion dollars, somewhat more than five times what they had been a decade earlier. The regional development banks (Inter-American, Asian and African) added approximately another three billion dollars in the same period. To put these disbursements of about ten billion dollars in perspective, they should be measured against the identified external capital flows, including both loans and investment, into these countries. These flows were about $60 billion for the latest year, also about five times what they were ten years ago. Thus, while lending by the World Bank and the regional development banks has grown much faster than inflation, contrary to general impressions it does not represent today a significantly larger proportion of the external capital inflows into developing countries than it did ten years ago. In other words, the multilateral development banks are helping to cover a similar proportion of a much larger financing flow.
Nevertheless, as the World Bank and the regional development banks have become more visible, opposition to their continued expansion has increased, especially in the U.S. Congress. Other industrialized countries, with a few exceptions never more than lukewarm about their own contributions to these multilateral agencies, initially went along with the cuts proposed by the United States for IDA, triggering a major reduction of proposed IDA funding commitments in the fiscal year 1982 (July 1981 to June 1982) from $4.1 billion originally negotiated to $2.6 billion actually budgeted. As a result of a major lobbying effort by the new president of the World Bank, A. W. Clausen, this reduction was reversed this spring when a number of contributors, including several OPEC countries, agreed to make up $500 million of the shortfall.
Nevertheless, there has been a sharp reduction and the outlook for next year is quite uncertain. While the impact of a cut in one year or two can be manageable, and in effect will largely be borne by the amount hitherto assigned to India, there are very few possibilities for the poorest countries-IDA's customers-to obtain the funds elsewhere, on any terms. The two major sources of external finance for the middle-income developing countries-medium-term loans raised in the Euromarket and official export credits-are basically off limits for the poorest countries.
There is also increasing U.S. pressure to accelerate the "graduation" of the more prosperous middle-income or newly industrializing countries from the multilateral development banks. This issue is particularly acute in the case of the Inter-American Development Bank, where the United States a year ago proposed phasing out loans to Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, and at the same time closing the soft-loan window, the Fund for Special Operations, which lends at terms that are somewhat less concessional than those of IDA. The elimination of new lending to the three largest economies of Latin America (Venezuela has already been "graduated") would tend to give a heavy bias in the Bank's operations to Central America and the Caribbean, depriving the Bank of its Inter-American character.
As a result of opposition to the measure on the part of most Latin American countries, a compromise is being worked out, involving a reduced level of lending. Incidentally, after the very negative reaction in much of Latin America to the perceived volte-face of the United States in the South Atlantic dispute, from mediator between Argentina and Britain to supporter of Britain, the Bank is one of the important official bridges of communications left intact which ought to be used in the process of repairing the damage that has been done. Undoubtedly, international radicalism in Latin America, at a time when anti-U.S. rhetoric had descended to a relatively low level, has received a major political boost.
The future attitude of the United States to the multilateral banks raises a fundamental political and economic problem. That is whether the role of the multilateral development banks ought to expand or at least be maintained in real terms, or whether it ought to be curtailed. While there are many views within the U.S. Administration, there is a powerful feeling underlying a number of Treasury statements, namely that there is no place for the type of subsidies which the multilateral banks receive and grant to their borrowers. Under this view, which has become less pronounced in recent months, once the U.S. economic program is successful and interest rates have fallen, the benefits of a stable international capital market-for the developing countries with access to it-will far outweigh any benefits now received from subsidized credit from the multilateral development banks.
Such a view is obviously oversimplified and glosses over the fact that the cost to the taxpayer of the ordinary capital operations of the multilateral development banks has been small. In the case of the regular loans of the World Bank, of $3.7 billion in paid-in capital since its inception in 1945, the U.S. share has been $850 million and that of the other major industrialized countries $1.4 billion; these paid-in sums, without ever having had to lay claim to the $33 billion of callable but not paid-in guarantee capital, have enabled the Bank to mobilize over 35 years, largely by borrowing in international capital markets with the guarantee of its callable capital, $68 billion in loan commitments to the developing world. Incidentally, most of this has gone back to the industrialized countries in the form of purchases of services and machinery. In round numbers, for example, the U.S. contribution of $850 million in cash has probably brought it about $15 billion or so in orders for equipment and engineering services, a large part of which would otherwise probably not have taken place.
In the case of IDA, of course, which relies on budget allocations, the fiscal impact on the donor governments has been much more important, totaling $22 billion over 20 years of which the U.S. share has been roughly $8 billion (initially 40 percent, now roughly 29 percent). But this has to, be put in the context of the very limited resources of external capital aid available for the really poor countries, to which IDA limits its activities.
The issue of whether the contribution of the multilateral development banks ought to grow in relative terms should be examined, bearing in mind the fact that historically almost all the economies that have taken off have been assisted by major infusions of external capital. The United States itself is one historical example, while Taiwan, Korea and Israel are more recent instances. There is, of course, a question to be asked about the richer developing countries, whose relative need is declining for the type of technical and financial contribution which the multilateral banks can make. Clearly their relative importance in the total portfolio of the multilateral banks should decline. The speed partly depends, of course, on their own progress and that of the next tier of countries.
Another question is the actual project composition of the lending: as basic infrastructure (roads, ports, power and water) has lost relative importance to other activities where the private sector directly competes, such as oil and gas, mining and heavy industry, far more discussion is bound to arise on whether these are suitable areas for multilateral official lending. The effectiveness of some rural credit programs and of projects aimed at meeting "basic needs" has also been questioned, although the experience in these areas has probably been too short-lived to permit general conclusions.
Even if there is disagreement on these substantive but lateral issues, the fact remains that the multilateral development banks have been, over the years, the most tangible and measurable form of cooperation between the richer and the poorer nations. They have come to be taken for granted by the recipient countries, where they are not always popular because of the often stiff performance conditions attached to their loans. At Cancún there was much lip service in their direction. Yet, only a few months later we find that, instead of continuing forward, for the first time in 30 years we could be about to take a major step backward. And this is happening at a time when the outlook for commodity-exporting developing countries is particularly grim. Clearly, there is a need for a thorough public reexamination of the issues involved.
Meetings of the governors of the World Bank and of the Inter-American Development Bank cannot resolve these problems. Obviously, a good deal of bilateral informal negotiations with the U.S. government and other governments will be necessary. However, even if agreements are reached at this level, there is no guarantee at all that they would get legislative approval. There is therefore a need to agree first of all upon broad objectives that reconcile positions as much as possible, and which would provide the backing for detailed legislative recommendations later on.
Among these broad objectives, suggested here merely as points for discussion, might be the following:
- Agreement that support for the multilateral development banks is one of the most important and tangible ways in which the industrialized and capital surplus countries can demonstrate their concern for the majority of developing economies which need and can effectively use external capital at less than market terms. It is true that the bulk of external resources for the middle-income countries are likely to come from export credits and market loans and for the poorest countries, especially of Africa, from bilateral aid. But there is an important role to be played by multilateral financing, which is untied and which places much more emphasis on the quality of investments than other forms of capital flows, except for private investment.
- Recognition that both IDA and the Fund for Special Operations of the Inter-American Development Bank should continue to exist as long as the poorer countries have little or no access to market loans, should expand at an annual rate greater than inflation, and should focus increasingly on the poorest countries to the extent that is not already being done. The possibility of intermediate, less concessional, terms for countries which are not quite as poor ought to be contemplated, as is the case for the Fund for Special Operations. A definition is needed on the share of World Bank/IDA lending which will go to China. If China were to absorb a major share of World Bank lending, as it might, a greater expansion would be needed than at present contemplated of the resources of the regional banks.
- Support for the continued expansion of the ordinary capital activities of the multilateral development banks. Increases in capital, which are provided by all countries in line with their ability to pay, might include a lower portion in cash (at present ten percent) but not to the point that it unduly increases the debt burden of the multilateral banks. At the annual meeting of the Inter-American Development Bank held in Colombia in March 1982 some progress was made along these lines. Growth of personnel should be kept to a minimum.
- Recognition that some major contributors, particularly the United States, consider that much greater emphasis should be given than was the case in the recent past to the role of the private sector. This view would mean both that the multilateral banks should not undertake or finance projects which can be arranged on reasonable terms by other sources-a principle already central to their charters-and that they should give special financial and technical help to productive investment by the private sector, especially in agriculture and in projects where their presence tips the balance in favor of an investor coming in instead of abstaining.
Much of this may sound obvious. However, there is a danger that in the past we have lost sight of these objectives, so that consensus has disappeared on the very nature of the multilateral financial institutions. There is a need for a new dialogue to restore some consensus.
What forum is the right setting for this dialogue? None of the existing settings is entirely appropriate, since they are associated with other routine functions. A conference would achieve little. Perhaps a series of special rather informal meetings organized by an outside body might be a place to start. The Brookings Institution held such a one-day meeting early in January on the "Future of the World Bank." The "Development Committee" of the World Bank, a group of 20 finance ministers that meets twice a year, in theory could be a useful forum, but a revamping of its procedures would be required, such as reducing attendance at the meetings, eliminating set speeches and in general other changes to turn it into a working group instead of an assembly. In general, care has to be taken not to confine a new dialogue to the constituency of the "convinced," since that would be a waste of time.
At its spring 1982 meeting in Helsinki, the Development Committee made some progress, in the sense that a number of countries said that they were willing to de-link the level of their IDA contributions from that of the United States. Moreover, there appeared to be a slight easing in the approach of the United States, although the Secretary of the Treasury cautioned that Congress had not changed its basic attitude.
If there is a question with global implications, it is certainly that of energy. As a result of the sharp rises in oil prices in 1973 and again in 1978-79, major readjustments have taken place and are continuing to take place in the world economy. In the industrialized countries, stagflation, the restructuring of a large part of industry (for example, smaller cars, the shift of energy-intensive industries overseas closer to cheaper energy, the resurgence of coal), and a major reduction of oil consumption as a proportion of total energy use, have perhaps been the main features of the era of higher energy costs. The mushrooming growth of the Eurocurrency market, to over $1,800 billion gross (i.e., without deducting interbank deposits) at the end of 1981, was certainly stimulated by the need to park and recycle the oil-induced surpluses. For the oil-importing developing countries, the initial impact of the cost of higher oil imports was extremely heavy. Balance of payments deficits became very large and growth rates plummeted.
However, over time a significant number of the more prosperous or strongly managed countries have been able to snap back. A number of them have sharply expanded their domestic oil production horizons, either from scratch or from a modest base, including countries as diverse as Argentina, Guatemala, Peru, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Sudan and the Philippines. Several of these are already oil exporters or well on their way to becoming exporters. Other countries, such as Brazil, have launched large-scale programs to replace oil with renewable fuels such as alcohol. The poorest countries, however, continue to be hard hit, despite substantial special credit help from the International Monetary Fund. Everywhere a shift is taking place from oil-burning power plants to coal, and additions to electric generation capacity are relying as much as possible on hydropower.
The oil price rises have not created the tension that might have been expected between the major oil exporters and the oil-importing developing countries. The North-South dialogue, which was in its heyday in the early and mid-1970s and was partly encouraged by OPEC, deflected some of the latent discontent toward longer-standing issues with the industrialized countries. Also, a number of the large OPEC producers started programs to finance the cost of higher oil imports by neighboring developing countries. Venezuela has been particularly forthcoming in the case of Central America and the Caribbean. For the majority of sub-Saharan African countries, however, the blow was hard. Without refineries of their own, they could not in any case have used Middle East OPEC crude and had to rely on imports of refined products from the oil companies at normal commercial terms.
Still, it is instructive to reflect upon the relative lack of confrontation between developing countries and OPEC on a subject as charged as that of oil prices. Perhaps the main reason is the deep emotional admiration among commodity-producing developing countries for OPEC. OPEC is viewed by them, as it were, as the kid who broke away from the slum and made good.
The present oil glut threatens to create a new energy complacency both in the industrialized and developing worlds. This could lead to a future serious setback. One should consider that the present glut may be the result of a rather unusual coincidence in time of three events: the normal cyclical decline in consumption as a result of the international and particularly the U.S. recession, the coincidence of this decline with the first really serious U.S. attempt at conservation (particularly smaller cars) since the Second World War, as a result of the oil price increase of 1979, and the combination of these two factors with relative peace in the Middle East. The last statement is arguable, in view of the revolution in Iran and the subsequent war with Iraq, but the initial impact of the conservation effort is a one-shot affair and the recession will be over one day. With declining prices, oil consumption is bound to recover somewhat, even without much of an economic recovery. The possibility of another oil crisis should therefore not be forgotten.
The bulk of developing countries face particularly serious energy problems. It is not simply a question of finance, but also of organization and the proper market signals. For the oil-importing countries, especially the poorest, there is the need to work out a "safety net" warding off the perils of sudden price increases and supply disruptions. This is not a global problem but rather suggests a bilateral discussion between major Middle East OPEC producers and African and Asian consumers: now when supplies appear plentiful is a good time to work on future arrangements. Within Latin America, a start has been made through the Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE).
A major challenge is how to meet increasing energy demand for countries which are at incipient stages of industrialization and in which, therefore, further income growth is highly energy-intensive. The World Bank rather conservatively estimates that commercial energy demand by the oil-importing developing countries (a rather broad category) is likely to increase from the equivalent of 14 million barrels a day in 1980 to 24 million barrels in 1990, or an annual growth of less than six percent. The share of oil in total supply would go down from 53 to 46 percent, as a result of a major investment effort in coal and hydropower, but the oil import requirement would still rise from 5.8 to 8.4 million barrels a day.1
The projection assumes rapid increases, which are in fact already taking place in some countries, in domestic oil production. The cost of the total energy investment effort is estimated at $40-50 billion (in 1980 dollars) annually, a number which is probably on the low side. It should be compared with a total gross national product (GNP) for the oil-importing developing countries in 1980 of about $1.5 trillion (i.e., $1,500 billion); this means that something on the order often to 15 percent of all investment in these countries will have to be devoted to energy in this decade, a large-scale effort which is proportionately significantly higher than in the last decade.
Numbers such as these prompted Robert McNamara, before his tenure as president of the World Bank ended in mid-1981, to suggest the creation of a special energy affiliate of the World Bank which would carry out a large lending program for energy. For the five-year period 1982-1986, a lending program of about $30 billion was envisaged, distributed 40 percent to electric power, one-third to oil and gas, and the rest to coal, traditional fuels, and conservation in industrial plants. The affiliate would legally be a separate institution, with its own capital. One unstated justification was that it would be easier to get fresh capital for such an undertaking, especially from the larger OPEC countries, because of the purpose of the new institution and because its capital structure could give these countries more voting power than they have in the World Bank itself. By separating out, at least in financial terms, the fastest growth sector of World Bank lending, it could be easier to get the additional capital needed both for the more traditional activities, diminished in relative terms, and for the new energy program.
The United States has strongly opposed this new initiative.2 In addition to much skepticism about the idea of creating another international organization, the U.S. Treasury questions the need for a large lending program for oil and gas (although it is fair to say that a ten billion dollar oil and gas program over five years, spread over many countries, can almost be considered small change). The program, it believes, would be directed largely for the benefit of state oil companies. The reason for this point is that the Bank cannot lend to the private sector without a government guarantee, and it is certainly unlikely that developing countries would feel justified in giving foreign oil companies such a guarantee. On more questionable ground, the Treasury considers the energy demand projections of the Bank to be exaggerated.
At Cancún, clear support was expressed by a wide variety of participants for the energy affiliate. But the matter rests for now, as the United States is quite unlikely to change its position and the other countries perhaps do not feel strongly enough on the subject to mount a major campaign for that purpose.
There remains, nevertheless, a need to clarify how the very substantial energy investment needs mentioned above are going to be met. A lot depends on proper planning and policies within each country. The role of the official agencies, especially the multilateral development banks, has to be defined.
One thing which is clear is that it is not possible to look at all "energy" from the same administrative standpoint. The contrasting cases of electricity and oil and gas illustrate the point. Investment in electric power, for example, is largely carried out by state-owned utilities in most of the world. Where hydroelectric projects are concerned, the bulk of the substantial capital costs, outside of primitive economies, are local (earthmoving, cement, civil works) and the imported component-which is what the multilateral development banks traditionally finance-is usually relatively low, maybe one-third of total project cost.
In oil and gas, on the other hand, the bulk of successful exploration and development investment has been done by the private sector. The overwhelming majority of investment-from seismic surveys to drill pipe, drilling rigs and engineering crews-is for imported costs. In most creditworthy countries, field development costs can usually be financed commercially, without any recourse to government or parent company guarantees, once a commercial field is proved to exist and a sufficiently strong sponsor exists who can develop it.
Coal stands somewhere between oil and gas on the one hand and hydroelectricity on the other: the role of government and the pattern of investment vary, but so far not much has been done in developing countries because of a lack of basic geological information. Geothermal electric generation has been another relatively neglected area.
The energy lending program, with or without an energy affiliate, gives the World Bank and also other multilateral banks an opportunity to build a bridge between the emphasis which the United States has been placing on the private sector in development and the Bank's own assessment of the need for a larger and more active role by it in energy. In oil and gas, the Bank should be able to maximize the use of its limited resources by emphasizing, for the middle-income countries which already have some access to the international capital market, guarantees rather than loans. The World Bank has not so far used the guarantee powers in its charter, under which a developing country would raise the loan in the capital market with the World Bank guarantee rather than obtaining a direct World Bank loan. It is felt that guarantees create a call on Bank capital in the same way that loans do and that the issue of guaranteed paper would create confusion in the capital markets.
On the other hand, oil and gas development projects, as investment and commercial bankers well know, provide the best opportunity available to enter the fixed-rate private placement market, as long as the sponsor is sufficiently strong or enjoys a guarantee such as that of the Bank or the regional banks behind the project. The Bank might guarantee the government portion of a joint venture, especially in countries which are graduating towards increasing use of the international capital market. While such a format would certainly not be applicable to the poorest countries, which are the ones which most need help, it bears studying. One bonus effect for the lender would be that guarantees do not carry the problem of insuring that borrowing costs are covered by lending interest rates, an issue that has bedeviled the finances of the multilateral development banks in recent years.
In the case of electricity, the financing needs of the middle-level developing countries are tremendous. In a number of rapidly industrializing countries, demand is growing at ten percent or more a year, which means that capacity has to be doubled every seven years or less. And this is occurring despite hefty utility tariff hikes, which reflect the high capital cost of hydropower facilities.
In Peru, for example, a country with moderate growth after a decade of slow growth and recession, we will have to spend an average of at least $600 million annually (in 1980 prices) in the 1980s for hydro facilities and long transmission lines in order to meet demand, plus another $100 million or so annually on small electric systems to increase the coverage of the population with access to electricity, especially in the Andes, from the present abysmally low proportion of 40 percent. This investment will represent about five percent of GNP or roughly one quarter of total gross domestic investment, a very large effort. For such programs to go ahead in the developing world, massive financing is needed from a variety of sources.
Long-term export credits for the imported equipment are today plentifully available from traditional suppliers and from new ones such as Argentina, Brazil and Korea; in order to take advantage of this financing, much of it from private sources, and at the same time be able to use loans from the multilateral banks-which bring with them financial discipline and proper planning-countries will have to convince the multilateral banks to be more flexible than in the past and be willing to finance a significant portion of local costs. What matters is whether the total financial structure of a program is properly balanced, rather than whether particular pieces of financing are attached to particular expenditures. There is a major role for the multilateral banks here; otherwise, the temptation will be to rely excessively on medium-term Eurodollar loans which would lead, as is already happening in the case of some power systems, to a debt service crunch.
The financing of investment in energy by developing countries would perhaps not be advanced significantly by "global negotiations," but there are certainly enough questions of general relevance which bear discussion at an international level. The Cancún meeting advanced the idea of a World Energy Plan. While the idea has some obvious pitfalls, there is merit in adding up the numbers and trying to think of imaginative ways in which the energy investment challenge which most developing economies face in the 1980s can be met.
An international working group on energy might be worth considering. There clearly would be skepticism about such an initiative if it were to lead to another international organization. However, there may be room for a dialogue among a small number of representatives from four groups: OPEC, the oil-importing industrial countries-basically the OECD countries grouped in the International Energy Agency-the oil-importing developing countries, and a fourth group which would include the non-OPEC oil-exporters, most of which are minor exporters, with the exception of Mexico.
As I said at the start of this article, my objective has not been to focus systematically on the major points which might be the subject of global negotiations after Cancún. Instead, I have focused on two subjects, the role of the multilateral development banks and the financing of energy, where I feel that there is at present a stalemate between the United States and the majority of other countries interested in multilateral efforts at development. I have tried to suggest some approaches to breaking the stalemate. In recent months there are hopeful signs of a rapprochement. Without it, there is a risk of going backward in these areas, so that Cancún would simply have been a rhetorical exercise instead of a step on the path of progress.
Food and agriculture and commodity price stabilization are two subjects I have not covered. The first bears a comment. Certainly, it is an area where recent U.S. post-Cancún aid initiatives are greatly welcome. Agriculture remains the key to employment and growth in most developing economies, but it is surprising how many countries repeat the same mistakes year after year in their agricultural policies. Farm prices are held artificially low, marketing is controlled by bureaucrats, fertilizer distribution is centralized, artificially overvalued exchange rates are maintained, no storage is provided, feeder roads are not built, and so on.
Some major countries, Brazil and India for example, have made very large strides by taking a different, more market-oriented approach. Brazil is a major agricultural exporter, and in the last five years India has become virtually self-sufficient in foodgrains. But in sub-Saharan Africa and much of Latin America-including Peru-farm output has lagged behind population growth, and nutrition standards have deteriorated in the last 20 years. To what extent an international effort can help is quite uncertain, although the question of agriculture in the poorest countries remains at the top of the international development agenda.
Cancún may end up having been little more than rhetoric and symbolism. At least it should be a reminder that there are a number of issues and areas where substantial progress has been made in recent years and where there could now be a danger of stopping the progress achieved or even of going backward. These issues should be the first priority of any further negotiations, each in a setting suitable for the subject. If that much can be achieved, it will be real progress.
1 World Development Report 1981, Washington: The World Bank, 1981. The calculations do not include China, which is self-sufficient in energy.
2 See An Examination of the World Bank Energy Lending Program, Office of the Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Department of the Treasury, July 28, 1981.
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Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski has been Minister of Energy and Mines of Peru since 1980. Previously, he served at the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the International Finance Corporation, and in the private sector has been a partner of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. International and the President of Halco Mining, Inc. in Pittsburgh. He is the author of Peruvian Democracy under Economic Stress: An Account of the Belaúnde Administration, 1963-68. The views expressed in this article are personal.
More By Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski
Economics Economic Development Globalization Reagan Administration
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text:
Q: How to set custom header in fhirclient-4.0.0 python library? I am working with fhirclient-4.0.0 and using this library to send Http requests to my fhir server. For the update request, I need to send one extra header 'If-Match'. But I don't see any option to do this or to set custom header.
This is my python code.
    from fhirclient import client
    import fhirclient.models.encounter as en
    settings = {
        'app_id': 'fhir',
        'api_base': 'http://hapi.fhir.org/baseR4'
    }
    smart = client.FHIRClient(settings=settings)

    encounter = en.Encounter()
    encounter.id = get_fhir_encounter_id(<parameter>)
    encounter.subject = get_fhir_encounter_subject(<parameter>)
    encounter.location = get_fhir_encounter_location(<parameter>)
    encounter.period = get_fhir_encounter_period(<parameter>)
    encounter.reasonCode = get_fhir_encounter_reasoncode(<parameter>)
    encounter.status = get_fhir_encouter_status(<parameter>)
    encounter.identifier = get_fhir_encounter_identifier(<parameter>)
    encounter.class_fhir = get_fhir_encounter_class(<parameter>)

    #Sending the update request
    en.Encounter.update(encounter, smart.server)

Is there any configuration that I can use to set a custom header?

A: I believe this PR fixes part of your issue https://github.com/smart-on-fhir/client-py/pull/66 might need another PR to pull the headers all the way through to the resource models

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
const ZONE_BYPASS_EVENT = 'zones/toggleBypass'
const TOGGLE_STATUS_EVENT = 'zones/toggleStatus'

function dsUpdateZones({state, props}) {
  //console.info(props)
  if (props.zones) {
    state.merge('zones', props.zones)
  }
}

function dsUpdateZone({state, props}) {
  //console.info(props)
  if (props.zoneID && props.zoneData) {
    const path = `zones.${props.zoneID}`
    //console.log({path: path, data: props.zoneData})
    state.set(path, props.zoneData)
  }
}

function bypassZone({deepstream, props}) {
  //console.info(props)
  deepstream.action(ZONE_BYPASS_EVENT,props)
}

function toggleZone({deepstream, props}) {
  //console.info(props)
  deepstream.action(TOGGLE_STATUS_EVENT,props)
}

export default {
  state: {},
  signals: {
    dsUpdateZones: dsUpdateZones,
    dsUpdateZone: dsUpdateZone,
    zonePressed: toggleZone,
    bypassPressed: bypassZone
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Detatchable footboard. Pedals and handle are extra attached to the chest expander, with the spiral tools it's easily to be stalled for the use of arm training or shoulders training.
Multifunctional. It's a useful chest expander, and strong wrist developer, with attached handle and pedals can be nice strengthener for upper arm and back muscle trainning, with proper using also can be nice trainer for legs.


Addo Reach & Hein's Cottage: Addo Reach & Hein's Cottage is a cosy home away from home, fully equipped for self-catering, where you are guaranteed privacy and comfort. The cottage sleeps two in a double bedroom with twin beds, with an en-suite bathroom and shower. An extra small guest can be accommodated on a day bed in the lounge, at an additional cost of R75 per night a travel cot is available if you need one. A TV, CD player and DVD player is available but we regret, at this stage, with basic channels only. We offer private, secure parking, and the exclusive use of a braai area and patio. Daily servicing of the cottage is included and a laundry service is available, at extra cost.
In the main house, we offer you a large bedroom with queen-size bed and full bathroom. Tea and coffee-making facilities and a fruit basket will welcome you. Our non-licensed home pub has a TV and you are welcome to join us there – but bring your own tipple. Ours is a non-smoking in the house establishment, but the garden is large.
If you do not feel like cooking, meals are available a hearty breakfast at R55 per person and a 2-course dinner at R90 per person is offered, if you let us know on reservation. Braai packs, wood and bread can be russled up too. Louis' Pub and Grub is open on Fridays and Saturdays with the best steaks and pizzas and splendid atmosphere.
Alicedale is a small hamlet in the heart of 1820 Settler country. This is a safe, secure and malaria-free environment with superb game viewing opportunities. Addo Elephant Park and the Shamwari, Pumba and Scotia Parks, to name a few, are within easy driving distance, on excellent roads. The historic and picturesque towns of Grahamstown, Salem and Sidbury are also within easy driving distance and the renowned Grahamstown Festival in June and July of each year, with the cream of local and international arts, crafts and theatre is but 52 km away.
You can choose to test your skill on the challenging 18-hole Gary Player Golf Course within walking distance of Hein's Cottage, or take the opportunity to relax, sleep late, read, paint, cycle and just be peaceful.
Please enquire from Addo Reach & Hein's Cottage for further details.
George McCall, South Africa: We enjoyed our stay very much. Good food and great company. We especially liked the ironed sheets!
Susanne Psiuk, South Africa: One of the best accommodation I ever enjoyed in SA; very tasteful interiors, enough space and very clean. Friendly owner. All was perfect! Thank you!
Andy Overbeek, South Africa: Eli, John and Gran are such nice, friendly people that, even if the cottage was a pondokkie, it would have been worth staying there. The cottage was in fact extremely comfortable and the service was excellent! While staying there, it is well worth it to visit the local pub, Louis', for a drink or two and a delicious steak.


0 E Patrick Henry Road, Hanover, VA 23069 (#1809971) :: Abbitt Realty Co.
Great opportunity! Road frontage on East Patrick Henry Road/Rt 54. Great lot in great area of Hanover County. Close to great schools, Courthouse and the Town of Ashland.


text:
Colorado camp teaches kids with disabilities to use technology
By Eric Whitney
The 30-some kids here this week all use "adaptive speech technology," or what they call "talkers." They're computers that allow people who can't speak to vocalize.
"These kids have a lot to say," says Joyanne McShea, a speech language pathologist at Children's Hospital Colorado who's working at the camp. "I think sometimes when we look at them we don't realize how much they have going on in their minds, and so giving them these tools opens up the world for them, and they're able to relate with people and experience life."
McShea is working with Angel Krautschun from Colorado Springs. Angel is 10 years old, with curious, searching eyes and bright pink shoelaces. She's in a wheelchair because cerebral palsy makes it hard for her to control her arms and legs. Angel is also legally blind, but she can see enough to be able to use the computer mounted on her chair to spell out words that the machine can then say for her.
It looks like a painstaking process for Angel to spell out even simple words. But digital talkers like hers can also be programmed to call up phrases she uses a lot, at the push of a button.
"My name is Angel Krautschen," her talker says. "I'm 10 years old. My birthday is on August first."
Talking with Technology Camp isn't just for kids. There are as many speech language pathologists here as kids. They're learning to use the many different kinds of talkers out there, and at the same time helping kids learn to use them better.
Jill Tullman from Denver is an experienced speech language pathologist who's teaching both kids and newer therapists, like Mendi Carrol. Tullman shows Carrol and 20-year-old camper Bryce Vernon, who's in a wheelchair and uses a talker, how to program the machine to generate one of several different goodbyes randomly when he pushes one button.
Bryce programs the talker to say, "bye, later, later dude, see ya" and "I'm out of here."
Bryce is a film student at a college in Los Angeles. Because he can't control his hands very well, he uses his eyes to type and press buttons on the computer. His talker has a camera mounted in front of him that tracks his eye movements, allowing him to move a red dot on the talker's screen to a letter or key, and hold it there for a split second to type.
It's amazing technology, but it also looks very taxing for Bryce.
"Tiring," Bryce says when I ask what it's like using his talker. "It is helpful and tiring."
Tiring as it is, Bryce works hard on mastering his talker. His only other means of communicating is by moving his head up to say yes, or shaking it to say no. Just how limiting that is, and how liberating a talker can be, becomes evident a few minutes into our meeting, when we're all looking at his talker, and Bryce sees something we don't.
"Bee," Bryce says. "There's a bee."
Jill thanks him for letting us know, and Mendi quickly swats the insect. A bee could be a big deal for someone who doesn't have the ability to shoo it away or move away from it.
Bryce is able to tell me a lot about himself with his talker. The device is also email capable, and he can call up recorded music on it, too. He demonstrates by playing me a classic jazz song.
But the interview is clearly exhausting for him. At the end, I ask Bryce if there's anything he wants people to know about him.
"Never, ever give up," he says.


text:
Q: images do not display in Laravel 8 am trying to store images in storage folder in Laravel 8 and at the same time fetch that image and displays it in browser, unfortunately, the images get saved but do not display
here is my file
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Intervention\Image\Facades\Image;

class PostsController extends Controller
{
public function __construct()
{
    $this->middleware('auth');
}
public function create(){
    return view('posts.create');
}
public function store(){
    $data = request()->validate([
        'caption' => 'required',
        'image' => ['required','image']
    ]);
$imagePath = request('image')->store('uploads','public');
$image = Image::make(public_path("{C:\xampp\htdocs\app\storage\app\public\uploads\
   {$imagePath}"))->fit(1000,1000);
$image->save();
    dd($imagePath);
auth()->user()->posts()->create([
        'caption' => $data['caption'],
        'image'=>$imagePath,
    ]);

return redirect('/profile/'. auth()->user()->id);
}
public function show(\App\Models\Post $post){
    return view('posts.show', compact('post'));
}
}

any help guys


If we take a minute to reflect back on the latest trends in beauty, it is obvious that we have been constantly promoting easier application methods and creamier formulas with extended lasting power. These trends are so successful because it becomes so easy to incorporate them into our busy lifestyles (ie. cushion foundations, eyeliner pencils, eyeshadow sticks, stick foundations … and the list goes on).
As a beauty enthusiast and healthcare professional myself, I can appreciate the need for easy and quick makeup application and cosmetics that will last throughout a tiring and fulfilling work day without a need for constant touch-ups. My daily needs are summed up as: a base to cover my hyper-pigmentation and scarring, a concealer to brighten up those tired eyes, an eyeliner or eyeshadow to define the eyes and something hydrating on the lips to battle dry hospital air.
With that, I am proud to review 6 new ZOEVA Cosmetics waterproof eyeliner shades from their Graphic Eyes+ collection.


I'll be straight up: the colour is from beets. BUT. Do not fear - if you don't like beets, the flavour is subtle and you can cover it up with other yummy, pretty things like berries, coconut, Rawxies (which are soooo good, lemon poppyseed is my fave) and brownies. If you like beets, then this is probably your wet, ice creamy dream come true. If you aren't sure about beets WITH ice cream... just see what you think. Iiiii think you will love it. Pretty sure I got the idea to do this from Steph over at @happyandhealthy96 so shout out to DAT BABE.
I have got a ton of other #$%@ to do today so I gotta keep this post short. I love you so much and I will talk to ya soon. Now go make some shocking pink ice cream (recipe below)!
Serves one or two or three... or me.
Blend the bananas with the beet until smooth. Add some mylk or water if needed / desired. Serve with the rest of the goodies. Yahhh baaabbay.
Is the beet you use raw?
Seriously I need this in my life!!!
Beautiful vibrant color. I love beets. Still I'm a bit dubious about what this would taste like. I guess I'll just have to try it.
I've really been enjoying your blog and, as an artist, am so impressed with the beauty of your creations! I have been a vegetarian for 17 years and am now vegan again since it's so much easier now with blogs like yours. So, thank you!! BTW, we loved the slight beety flavor and gorgeous color of this recipe!
Oh my gosh, that looks amazing! I am definitely trying that this weekend! :) Can't wait!


Take a nap and you can get fabulous 5 benefits – You ever wonder how many times cats take a nap in a day? The answer is as much as they can. Are they lazy? You ask with a wrong perspective. There are 5 benefits of taking a nap. Follow their lead and reap the benefits!
Take a Nap and Reap Benefits!
Servant H is looking for Johnny.
Where are you, your majesty?
No reply. She searched everywhere and found a shelf half-opened in the kitchen.
Johnny sleeps in the back of the shelf.
When you lack sleep, you'd like to have excess cortisol in the body. Cortisol is known as the stress hormone, which helps us to deal with a fight or quick responses. But excess of them decreases levels of growth hormone and testosterone, which can lead ailment such as diabetes and heart disease. When you have a sleep or daytime nap, growth hormones released and it boosts your immune system and reduces stress and anxiety. Napping gives your brain a rest and a chance to heal.
A short nap restores your alertness and improves motor performance. National Sleep Foundation reports that taking an ideal length of nap enhances motor skills and attention which is about 20 minutes. When you are alert, you can decide things and can be confident.
Napping is a natural way to revive your energy. What regulates our mood is serotonin and napping promotes producing serotonin. It gives a sense of contentment and well-being. Killing stress and gaining happiness is two sides of the same coin.
We know by experience that we are less productive when we lack of sleep. We try to take it back to working harder, longer, but in the long run, it's not a smart strategy. Taking a nap prevents burnout and reverses information overload. Hence, we are more productive if we allow ourselves to have even 20 minutes a day for napping.
The mind will appreciate you for taking a nap. Napping can boost cognitive processing, improve memory recall and generally clear out the cobwebs.
It also heightens your sensory perception which means food tastes better and the music sounds better. You come up with new ideas since napping looses up the web of ideas in your head and putting disparate insights together.
The ideal length of napping time for enhanced creativity is 90 minutes, which is REM sleep according to the National Sleep Foundation.
We all know the quality sleep matter and that is something we all crave.
Here's a great resource of The Ultimate Guide: Health Benefits Of Sleep for All Ages by Bedding Pal and you'd like to take a nap even more!


text:
Forest Change Data Catalogue (Opens in a new Window)
The Forest Change Data Catalogue includes downscaled climate projections using various climate models as well as data on drought, fire, forest communities, and tree distribution. Data are also available on other topics including regional fire risk and evacuations, species-specific vulnerability to climate change, and provenance trial data with respect to climate change. Point and gridded data are available for both historical and future periods.
Statistically Downscaled Climate Scenarios (Opens in a new Window)
Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC) offers statistically downscaled daily Canada-wide climate scenarios, at a gridded resolution of 300 arc-seconds (0.0833 degrees, or roughly 6 km x 10 km) for the period 1950-2100. The variables available include daily minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. Users may access the scenarios using an interactive map interface that allows users to zoom, pan and select their region of interest using a rectangular-selection tool. Downscaled climate data is available for over 10 models under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. Data are available for download in NetCDF, ASCII, and Arc formats.
Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Government of Canada: Environment and Climate Change Canada


Light, sturdy, bada$$. Get it.
This rail is solid. It mounts easily, and is very light. Looks are just a bonus. Took a while to decide what rail I wanted on a lightweight build, and I'm glad I went with this one. I didn't use the SLR barrel nut wrench, and I was very careful, but when I buy another SLR rail, I will get the wrench.
Fast shipping, item was well packaged and price was great! I will definitely be ordering more from you guys in the future!
This is the second SLR rail I have bought from RTB. Attachment system is fantastic and very simple to mount. You don't need any special tools, which is a bonus. Machine work is flawless. As is the coating. I tend to be hard on equipment and can say these things will hold up to a beating. It's a bonus they are very pretty as well. Shipping was super fast. Ordered on a Friday and had it on a Monday. Right To Bear is always a pleasure to deal with.


text:
Q: Find Element by partial Xpath in Selenium I am trying to define specific elements, the only way in which they differ is how the 'div' changes like below (the 1st element I want has div[1], second div[2] etc.
//*[@id="search-content-container"]/div/bls-search/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[4]/bls-connection/div/div[2]/div**[1]**/bls-connection-step/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/span[1]

//*[@id="search-content-container"]/div/bls-search/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[4]/bls-connection/div/div[2]/div**[2]**/bls-connection-step/div/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/span[1]

//*[@id="search-content-container"]/div/bls-search/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[4]/bls-connection/div/div[2]/div**[3]**/bls-connection-step/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/span[1]

How do I specify this in Selenium to allow me to find all 'i'?


text:
Pascal Dupuis
Forward, Pittsburgh Penguins, #9
Pascal Dupuis was born in Laval, Québec, on April 7th, 1979. While in the QMJHL, Dupuis played with the Rouyn-Noranda Huskies for four years and was never drafted by an NHL club. In August 2010 he signed with the Minnesota Wild. In his second season in the NHL Dupuis had 48 points and a plus-minus rating of +17. During the 2006-2007 season Dupuis was traded to the New York Rangers but only to be traded again 3 weeks later to the Atlanta Thrashers. A year later he was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins and became a key element to the team's success, helping them make it to the Stanley Cup Finals. He won the Stanley Cup with the Penguins in 2009. Pascal Dupuis seems to be like fine wine and only gets better with age. In 2011-12, as a 32 year old he set personal season highs in goals (25), assists (34) and points (59). In the summer of 2013, at age 34, Dupuisre-signed with the Penguins, this time for 4 more years, thus keeping him with Pittsburgh through the 2016-2017 season. In 2013 not only did Pascal Dupuis get 48 points in 48 games but he won the NHL Plus-Minus Award with an impressive rating of +31. Pascal is a fast, tenacious and gritty forward that has the irreplaceable knack to force turnovers and terrorize the opposition. He is nothing short of essential to the Penguins Penalty Kill. Good things happen when Dupuis is on the ice, and they happen because he works.


Hmm, well, this one is kind of different. A guy sits on a log, fishing. A boy sneaks up behind him and knocks off the rock on the other end of the log, thus causing the log and the fisherman to tumble into the creek below. People show up and laugh hysterically as the fisherman angrily stomps off. I mean, it's incredibly rudimentary, but this feels like the first time one of these shorts has had a "story." A plot, if you will. I mean, you could perhaps make the case that something like The Kiss had a story and The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, certainly did, I suppose, but this short tells a small story from beginning to end. Prior to this, even if these shorts had something going on, you only saw a small part of it, as in Mary Queen of Scots, where we only saw a brief flash of the larger story. Also, this one is interesting for another reason; I've talked before about how these shorts are kind of YouTube before YouTube. Well, if Boxing Cats was the original cat video, I suppose this is the original prank video and just like on YouTube, it's totally staged! This one kickstarts a much more obnoxious trend than Boxing Cats did, as far as I'm concerned. 0 stars.
tl;dr – the original prank video is also one of the first shorts to have a rudimentary story. 0 stars.


We've had such an incredible response to our Christmas Toy Appeal!
What an amazing 2015 it has been! This year is our 6th year of donating to the Christmas Toy Appeal and it's because of you that we've been able to help families in need this Christmas. We'd like to thank every single one of you for your generosity and for being a member of our New You family. This year we've been able to donate more toys than ever before, all thanks to your support!
We'd like to take this opportunity to say a massive thank you for letting us be part of your journey. Every day we are are so inspired by our incredible customers and the amazing transformations we've seen this year!
From all of us at The New You Plan we'd like to wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Thank you for all your support and for making 2015 our best year yet, we can't wait for what 2016 will bring and to share it with you!
From all of us at The New You Plan have an incredible Christmas and Happy New Year!


Since an update last week my WRIO keyboard does not work anymore at all. The App's still there and it tries to open the keyboard as usual. But everytime when the keyboard is meant to appear, there is a little error message appearing for about a quarter of a second. It says: "WRIO keyboard wurde beendet" (WRIO Keyboard has been stopped).
I had to switch back to the standard-Keyboard in order to type anything. How can I make WRIO working properly again?
I have Android 5.1 on Fairphone 2.
You can also try to reinstall the app. This solves crashes most of the time.


This paper describes a pedagogical framework that teachers can use to support students who are engaged in solving open-ended problems, by explaining how two Japanese expert teachers successfully apply open-ended problems in their mathematics class. The Open-Ended Approach (OPA) framework consists of two main sections: Understanding Mathematical Knowledge and Applying Mathematical Knowledge. The sections were cross-analyzed with students' responses to provide a comprehensive analysis of how teachers use various techniques to support students. It is proposed that teachers can use this framework to create an environment that promotes learning with open-ended as well as other open problems in their mathematics classroom. The OPA framework can contribute to teacher education, the design of mathematics curricula and to educational research.
Becker, J. P., & Shimada, S. (1997). The open-ended approach: A new proposal for teaching mathematics: Reston, Virgina. Mathematics National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, INC.
Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (1992). Qualitative research in education: An introduction to theory and methods. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Carroll, W.M. (1999). Using short questions to develop and assess reasoning. In L.V. Stiff & F.R. Curcio (Eds.). Developing mathematical reasoning in grades K-12 (pp. 247-255). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Cooper, B., & Dunne, M. (1998). Anyone for tennis? Social class differences in children's responses to national curriculum mathematics testing. The Sociological Review, 41(1), 115-148.
Floriano, V. (2012) Open-ended tasks in the promotion of classroom communication in mathematics. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 4(2), 287-300.
Kabiri, M., Smith, L. N. (2003). Turning traditional problems into open-ended problems. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 9(3), 186- 192.
Lewis, C. C. (1995). Educating hearts and minds: Reflections on Japanese preschool and elementary education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Limjap, A. A. (2001). Issues on Problem Solving: Drawing Implications for a Techno-Mathematics Curriculum at the Collegiate Level.
Maitree, I. (2006). Open-ended approach and teachers education, center for research in mathematics education faculty of education. Tsukuba Journal of Educational Study in Mathematics, 25, 169-177.
Munroe L. (2015). Observations of Classroom Practice. Using the Open Approach to Teach Mathematics in a Grade Six Class in Japan. Paper presented at EARCOME 7, Philippines.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics NCTM (1997). Multiple solutions to problems in mathematics teaching: Do teachers really value them? Principles and standards for school mathematics.
Nohda, N. (2000). A Study of "Open-Approach" method in School Mathematics Teaching. Paper presented at the 10th ICME, Makuhari, Japan.
Ontario Ministry of Education (2011). Capacity building series provoking student thinking/deepening conceptual understanding in the mathematics classroom. Eight tips for asking effective questions.
Ontario Ministry of Education. (2006). A guide to effective instruction in mathematics, Kindergarten to Grade 6. 2: Problem solving and communication. Toronto: Queen's Printer.
Phonapichat, P., Wongwanich, S., & Sujiva, S. (2014). An analysis of elementary school students' difficulties in mathematical problem solving. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3169-3174.
Radley, K. M. (2007). Open-ended approach to teaching and learning of high school mathematics. Vaal University of Technology, South Africa.
Sekiguchi, Y. (2002). Mathematical proof, argumentation, and classroom communication: from a cultural perspective. Tsukuba Journal of Educational Study in Mathematics, 21, 11-20.
Stevenson, H., & Stigler, J. W. (1994). Learning gap: Why our schools are failing and what we can learn from Japanese and Chinese education. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc.


After the 2014 Sony hacks, Facebook granted an unsend button to a select group of executives to prevent their personal information from being leaked. Now, they're granting that ability to every user on the site. This will allow anyone to delete messages they've sent to other users at any time.
Soon, Facebook pages with large numbers of followers will be required to verify the identities and locations of the people and businesses managing them. Facebook will restrict the ability of these large pages to post until they get verified. This process will include sharing a government-issued ID and an address, which Facebook will send a physical postcard to for the page manager to fill out. As of yet, we don't know how many followers a page can have before it's required to register, meaning the new rule could affect up to millions of pages. If your business has a lot of Facebook followers, you may be required to undergo this process yourself.
Facebook has plans to launch a tool to ensure that email addresses used for ad targeting were rightfully attained. Advertisers will be required to prove that users have given consent for the use of their data. While there have always been terms in place to ensure that consent has been granted, Facebook is planning on enforcing them more strictly and educating advertisers on the ways in which they are allowed to use the data.
Advertisers buying hyper-targeted ads on the social network will no longer have access to the same level of information that they had before, since Facebook will no longer use third-party data aggregators like Experian and Acxiom. While Facebook collects its own information from a user's activity and profile, they also supplement it with data from these types of third-party aggregators, which collect offline data, like a user's purchasing history. In return, these third parties receive a small percentage of the ad revenue that Facebook gets from advertisers who use the data. Soon, however, this will no longer be the case, as Facebook has announced plans to shut down their Partner Categories program over the next six months.
Removing apps from a Facebook account used to be a time-consuming process requiring users to delete them one by one. Now, Facebook is allowing users to mass delete them. A small change, but significant - some of these apps have historically been used in ways that can harm a user's privacy.
Soon, users will have access to additional tools that will help them evaluate the credibility of stories that appear on their newsfeed. These tools include: options to see the publisher's Wikipedia entry, related articles on the same topic, information about how many times the article has been shared on Facebook, as well as an option to follow the publisher's page. An option to see which of the user's friends have shared it and a list of other articles the page has published will also be available. Facebook hopes that the availability of these tools will reduce the number of fraudulent articles shared on its website.
If you have any questions over how these changes might affect your business, Right Idea Media and Creative can help! Drop us a line anytime.


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Home Public Safety Fort Wayne Police Department FWPD update: Fatal Shooting Investigation
Fort Wayne Police Department
FWPD update: Fatal Shooting Investigation
News release from the Fort Wayne Police Department:
Update: Homicide Investigation
Date/Time of Incident: March 20, 2013 at 7:53 a.m.
Location of Incident: E. Pettit Ave. & Reed St.
Victim: JACQUELINE BOUVIER HARDY, Age 49, Of Fort Wayne
Suspect: KENNETH KNIGHT, age 45, Fort Wayne; deceased.
At the scene of the homicide this morning detectives obtained information as to the identity of the murder suspect, Kenneth Knight. Detectives learned that Knight was the former boyfriend of Hardy, and that Hardy had recently obtained a protective order that listed Knight as the restrained party. Detectives then identified two possible locations for where Knight could be. The first location was a home in the 4100 block of Richfield Lane (Knight's last known address) and the second location was a home in the 3000 block of Holton Avenue.
At approximately 10:00 am, the Emergency Services Team and Crisis Response Team responded to the home on Richfield Lane but did not locate the suspect there. At approximately 12:00 noon, at the Holton Avenue location, the residents of that home fled to safety when police arrived; the murder suspect however remained inside the home with a three-year old toddler. The Emergency Services Team and Crisis Response Team also responded to this location. Hostage negotiators made contact intermittently with the murder suspect who refused to surrender and who refused to release the toddler to safety. There is no known relationship between the toddler/hostage and Knight, and it is not clear what the exact relationship is between the resident(s) of the Holton Avenue home and Knight.
At approximately 4:30 pm, two members (sharpshooters) of the Emergency Services Team each fired a single shot simultaneously upon the murder suspect thereby fatally wounding him, and the three-year old hostage was rescued and was found to be unharmed. This ended a day-long search for the murder suspect.
The incident remains under investigation with the City of Fort Wayne Police, the Indiana State Police, the Allen County Prosecuting Attorney's Office, and the Allen County Coroner's office. It is the department's standard procedure when a police action shooting results in the death of any individual for the Indiana State Police to be called upon to conduct an independent parallel investigation to provide an objective view. Also, in accordance with departmental policy, the two EST members will be placed on administrative leave.
FWPD Crisis Response Team
FWPD Emergency Services Team
FWPD Fort Wayne Police Department
Holton Avenue
Jacqueline Bouvier Hardy
Kenneth Knight
Pettit Avenue
Reed Street
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Troy Deroy Perry Jr (born July 27, 1940) is the founder of the Metropolitan Community Church, with a ministry with the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities, in Los Angeles on October 6, 1968.

Early life
Troy Perry is the eldest of five brothers born to "the biggest bootleggers in Northern Florida", Troy Perry and Edith Allen Perry. As early as he can remember, Perry felt called to preach, labeling himself as a "religious fanatic". He was influenced by his aunts, who held street services in his hometown and who hosted Perry giving sermons from their home. Perry's father died fleeing the police when his son was eleven years old. After his mother remarried and moved the family to Daytona Beach, Perry was abused by his stepfather and ran away from home, not returning until after she divorced him.

Perry dropped out of high school, and became a licensed Baptist preacher by the age of 15 years. After Perry expressed his attraction towards males, his pastor suggested he marry a woman to resolve these feelings. He married this preacher's daughter, Pearl Pinion, in 1959, later remembering, "I was always interested in pastor's daughters because I thought they would make good preacher's wives. I didn't love her when I married her, but I did love her after our first year." They had two sons and relocated to Illinois where Perry attended Midwest Bible College and Moody Bible Institute where he studied for two years. Perry was the preacher at a small Church of God and sometimes had sexual relationships with other men but considered it youthful exploration. When he was 19 years old, church administrators told him one of the men had told them what they had done and he was forced to leave the church. They moved to Southern California, where he pastored a Pentecostal Church of God of Prophecy. After Perry's wife found his copy of The Homosexual in America, their marriage dissolved. They divorced after five years of marriage. Perry was directed to pray about being led astray by his homosexual feelings and later was told by his bishop to renounce himself in the pulpit and resign. Perry worked in a Sears department store and was drafted for the army in 1965, during which time he served two years in Germany.

Founding the Metropolitan Community Church
In 1968, after a suicide attempt, and witnessing a close friend being arrested at The Patch Bar, Perry felt called to return to his faith and to offer a place for gay people to worship God. Perry put an advertisement in The Advocate announcing a worship service designed for gays in Los Angeles. Twelve people turned up on October 6, 1968 for the first service, and "Nine were my friends who came to console me and to laugh, and three came as a result of the ad." After six weeks of services in his living room, the congregation shifted to a women's club, an auditorium, a church, and finally a theater. In 1971, their own building was dedicated with over a thousand members in attendance.

Several MCC buildings have been targeted for arson, including the original Church in Los Angeles. Perry's theology has been described as conservative, but social action was a high priority from the beginning of the establishment of the denomination. Perry performed what Time Magazine described as the first public same-sex unions in the United States as early as 1968 and ordained women as pastors as early as 1972.

Smithsonian Institution archives
A collection of items from Perry and the Metropolitan Community Churches is held by the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. It was presented to the Smithsonian on the 51st anniversary of the founding of the church. It consists of personal items used by Perry in the founding of the Metropolitan Community Churches, historical Items from members and friends concerning Metropolitan Community Churches as well as Items that detail the work of the church and Perry in their struggle for equal and civil rights.

Other artifacts and records donated to the Museum include:
The charter of MCC San Francisco describing the rights of membership;
 General Conference program books from the 25th, 40th, 50th years that provide information about MCC's development;
An inclusive language hymnal from 1990;
 The original pamphlet "Homosexuality: Not a Sickness, Not a Sin" explained MCC's belief about sexuality and spirituality.
An original copy of a 1971 issue of Life magazine with a photo of Perry marrying a couple at MCC Los Angeles;
An original copy of the Service of Faith and Freedom to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Stonewall at Alice Tully Hall in New York City.
 A small cross made of stained glass from one of the destroyed windows of the Los Angeles church in an arson fire in 1973.

The bulk of MCC's historical records are preserved at the Center for LGBTQ & Gender Studies in Religion (CLGS) in Berkeley, California, and the ONE Institute in Los Angeles.

Activism

Perry held a seat on the Los Angeles County Commission on Human Relations in 1973. Perry worked in political arenas to oppose Anita Bryant in the Save the Children campaign in 1977, that sought to overturn an anti-discrimination ordinance passed by the city of Miami. Unsuccessful in Miami, he also worked to oppose the Briggs Initiative in California that was written to ensure gay and lesbian teachers would be fired or prohibited from working in California public schools. Beginning on September 4, 1977, Perry held a 16-day fast on the steps of the Federal Building in Los Angeles to raise funds to fight the initiative. The Briggs Initiative was defeated in 1978. Perry also planned the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights in 1979 with Robin Tyler.

On June 28, 1970, Perry, with two friends, Morris Kight and Bob Humphries, founded Christopher Street West to hold an annual Pride Parade. It is the oldest gay pride parade in the world.

In 1978, Perry was honored by the American Civil Liberties Union Lesbian and Gay Rights Chapter with its Humanitarian Award. He holds honorary doctorates from Episcopal Divinity School in Boston and Samaritan College (Los Angeles) for his work in civil rights, and was lauded by the Gay Press Association with its Humanitarian Award.  Perry has been invited to the White House on five occasions:
 in 1977 by President Jimmy Carter to discuss gay and lesbian rights;
 in 1995 by President Bill Clinton as a participant in the first White House Conference on HIV and AIDS;
 in 1997 invited by President Clinton as a participant in the White House Conference on Hate Crimes;
 in 1997 again as a guest of President Clinton as an "honoree" at a White House breakfast with President honoring 100 national spiritual leaders in the USA.
 in 2009, along with his partner Phillip, by President Barack Obama on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of Stonewall.
On Valentine's Day 2004 he spoke to a crowd of gay newlyweds at the Marriage Equality Rally at the California State Capitol.
He retired as Moderator of the MCC in 2005, and Nancy Wilson succeeded him at an installation service on 29 October 2005.

In March 2017, Perry became the first American citizen honored with Cuba's CENESEX award. Mariela Castro Espín, daughter of Cuban President Raul Castro, and a member of the country's National Assembly, and Director of CENESEX, presented the award.  He was given the award for his long history of working for human rights and the rights of the LGBTQ community worldwide.

Perry was named to the Stonewall 50 Wall of Honor made up of 18 community leaders including Wilson Cruz, Mandy Carter, Marsha Botzer and Stuart Milk, the gay nephew of slain San Francisco supervisor Harvey Milk.

Writings and media
Perry has written an autobiography, The Lord is My Shepherd and He Knows I'm Gay, first published in 1972 by Nash Publishing. He has written a sequel to this book, titled Don't Be Afraid Anymore, published in 1990 by St. Martin's Press and Profiles in Gay and Lesbian Courage also published by St. Martin's in 1992. He is a contributing editor for the book Is Gay Good? and the subject of another book, Our God Too. In 2003, he completed 10 Spiritual Truths For Gays and Lesbians* (*and everyone else!).

Perry's television appearances include
 Virginia Graham Show, Sept 7, 1970
 Mike Douglas Show, Week of July 9, 1973
 Phil Donohue Show
 Tomorrow with Tom Snyder, June 4, 1974
Early Appearance in Print Publications include:
 Playboy Magazine, Sept 1973, Vol. 2, No. 9

His film appearances include:
 Sign of Protest, Documentary, Pat Rocco Director, 1970
 God, Gays and the Gospel, Documentary, 1984
 Upstairs Inferno, Documentary, Robert L. Camina Director, 2015
Audio Appearances include:
 StoryCorps Rev. Troy Perry, Producers Liyna Anwar and Eve Claxton
QueerCore Podcast "The Joy of Rev. Troy Perry's Salvation, Podcast Prodcuer, August Bernadicou, May 2020
Print Articles on Perry include:
 The Pastor Behind the Gay Marriage Ruling, Christian Century, John Dart, June 17, 2008
Pride in the Pews, Tablet, Maggie Phillips, June 23, 2021

Personal life
Perry's mother became the first heterosexual member of the Metropolitan Community Church and supported her son until she died in 1993. He was reunited with his younger son, Michael, and performed the marriage uniting him and his daughter-in-law, but remains estranged from his elder son.

Perry lives in Los Angeles with Phillip Ray De Blieck, whom he married under Canadian law at the  Metropolitan Community Church of Toronto. They sued the State of California upon their return home after their Toronto wedding for recognition of their marriage and won. The state appealed and the ruling was overturned by the State Supreme Court after five years in their favor.

Tributes
In 2011, actor/playwright Jade Esteban Estrada portrayed Perry in the solo musical comedy "ICONS: The Lesbian and Gay History of the World, Vol. 5" which includes the song "I Will Follow You" sung by the character of Perry with music and lyrics by Estrada.

On October 6, 2018, a tribute to Perry on the 50th anniversary of his founding Metropolitan Community Church was held at the Los Angeles Episcopal Cathedral. Guest speakers and dignitaries included California State Sen. Kevin de Leon and attorney Gloria Allred. Rodney Scott, President Emeritus of Christopher Street West / LAPRIDE, presented the Troy Perry Awards.

On June 11, 2021, the Los Angeles Dodgers baseball organization honored Perry, presenting him with the Dodgers Community Hero Lifetime Achievement Award at the eighth annual LGBTQ+ Night at Dodger Stadium.

Bibliography
 Bullough, Vern L., ed. Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context. New York: Harrington Park Press, 2002.
 Clendinen, Dudley, and Adam Nagourney. Out for Good: The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999.
 Downs, Jim. Stand By Me: The Forgotten History of Gay Liberation. New York: Basic Books, 2016.
 Dunak, Karen M.  As Long As We Both Shall Love: The White Wedding in Postwar America.  New York University Press, 2013.
 Faderman, Lillian, and Stuart Timmons. Gay LA: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, and Lipstick Lesbians. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.
 Hirshman, Linda. Victory: The Triumphant Gay Revolution.  Pymble, N.S.W. : HarperCollins Australia, 2013.
 Tobin, Kay, and Randy Wicker. The Gay Crusaders. New York: Arno, 1975.

References

External links

 LA Weekly profile, Feb. 2008 by Matthew Fleischer
 Rev Troy Perry's Facebook Page
 Metropolitan Community Churches
 News clip featuring the Reverend during the early days of the HIV epidemic

LGBT Protestant clergy
American LGBT rights activists
Living people
Metropolitan Community Church clergy
LGBT theologians
LGBT people from Florida
LGBT people from California
American Christian religious leaders
1940 births
American LGBT military personnel
Activists from California
Activists from Florida

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Short track neboli rychlobruslení na krátké dráze je zimní olympijský sport. Na program zimních olympijských her byl oficiálně zařazen v roce 1992. Závodí se na klasickém zimním stadionu, na vytyčené dráze o délce 111,12 m a poloměru zatáček 8 m. Nejúspěšnější českou současnou závodnicí je Kateřina Novotná.

Olympijské discipliny

Muži
 závod na 500 metrů
 závod na 1000 metrů
 závod na 1500 metrů
 štafetový závod na 5000 metrů

Ženy
 závod na 500 metrů
 závod na 1000 metrů
 závod na 1500 metrů
 štafeta na 3000 metrů

Související články
 Rychlobruslení
 Krasobruslení
 Inline brusle
 Short track na zimních olympijských hrách

Externí odkazy

Olympijské sporty
Zimní sporty
Bruslení na ledě


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Optimism Grows Among Minnesota Manufacturers
The state of manufacturing is strong.
A full 93 percent of Minnesota manufacturers are financially confident about the future, which is just a hair off last year's high-water mark of 94 percent, according to a recently released survey by Enterprise Minnesota.
"There has never been as much energy in manufacturing as there is today," said the consulting firm's CEO, Bob Kill. "And that's a cool thing to say, because we face a lot of challenges."
Kill unveiled the results of the 10th annual State of Manufacturing survey Thursday morning at the Radisson Hotel Duluth to a crowd of economic development professionals that welcomed the good news but remained cognizant of the problems still plaguing the industry.
Chief among the challenges facing manufacturing and closely aligned industries are health care costs and recruiting workers to replace retiring Baby Boomers, according to the survey.
"We had to replace a third of our workforce — we hired about eight, 10 people in the past two years," said Bruce Mars, president of Conveyor Belt Service Inc. in Virginia. He said a good wage, scheduling flexibility and strong management "have been a good equation for us."
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Quality of life in Fairmont
Located near the Iowa Border, Fairmont is known for its parks and five lakes, where residents and visitors can fish, swim, boat, jet ski and windsurf. There are a variety of nearby public and private golf courses; an aquatic park featuring two 3-story waterslides; and a community education and recreation program to help all ages better appreciate and take advantage of the outdoors.
Fairmont has a picturesque setting amidst a chain of five lakes, thus offering a wide array of recreational activities. Click here to learn everything about the quality of life in our beautiful community.
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Our community provides an array of recreation, educational, and health care services supporting a regional service area population of over 20,000 and is the county seat for Martin County. Click here to view our relocation guide.
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