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A Troubling Decline In North American Birds
A meadowlark, one of the species that saw its population drastically decline in the past decades. Credit: Shutterstock
There may be almost 3 billion fewer birds in North America today than there were in 1970, according to a study published this week in the journal Science. Researchers combined data collected over time from projects such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey, the Audubon Christmas Bird Count, and the International Shorebird Survey to make their calculations, which looked at 529 species in the continental US and Canada. They also looked at observations of nighttime bird migration flight captured on NEXRAD radar systems.
The decline in North American bird populations over time works out to a loss of about one in 4 birds. However, the decline does not appear to be evenly distributed—most of the drop-off observed by the researchers is attributed to just 12 species, including some sparrows and warblers. The researchers observed gains in the populations of other birds, mainly raptors and waterfowl species.
Ken Rosenberg, one of the authors of the study and a senior scientist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and American Bird Conservancy, joins Ira to talk about the study, possible reasons for the decline, and things that average people can do to help preserve and protect bird species.
Read the study in Science.
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Ken Rosenberg
Ken Rosenberg is an applied conservation scientist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology in Ithaca, New York.
IRA FLATOW: This is Science Friday. I'm Ira Flatow. We've heard about steep declines in the populations of certain species. For instance, just this February, reports of a drop in insect populations worldwide. Now another possible warning sign of global environment in crisis.
A report in the journal Science this week says that North American bird populations have declined by nearly 3 billion– that's with a B– 3 billion birds since 1970. That's a loss of nearly one in four birds. What is the cause, and how do you count that kind of population decline?
Ken Rosenberg is one of the authors of that report and an applied conservation scientist at the famous Cornell Lab of Ornithology in Ithaca. Welcome back to Science Friday.
KEN ROSENBERG: Thanks. Hi, Ira.
IRA FLATOW: That's a lot of birds. Isn't it?
KEN ROSENBERG: It is a lot of birds. There are a lot of birds out there. But we've been seeing this steady decline, and people who love birds and are out there every day have been noticing fewer and fewer birds. And now we can put some hard numbers on those declines.
IRA FLATOW: But there's still a lot of birds left, right? We're not talking about an extinction here.
KEN ROSENBERG: We're not and this is different from other studies that are showing. And of course, there are birds that are dropping towards extinction. But what we're seeing here is like a whole other level of biodiversity loss because we're seeing the loss of abundance among common species of birds. So it's not just the rare and threatened species. But what we're finding is this pervasive loss among common familiar everyday birds.
IRA FLATOW: Give me an idea of what we're talking about, what kind of birds.
KEN ROSENBERG: Well, some of the biggest losses are in grassland birds, birds like meadowlarks and horned larks, savanna sparrows. But not only the specialist species, one of the big surprising results is that other birds that are found out in farmland rural landscapes across America, like red winged blackbirds, are also in steep decline. So what that's telling us is that habitat loss is so pervasive and that these environments are just not able to support basic bird life.
IRA FLATOW: We have had birds go extinct. I'm speaking specifically about the famous passenger pigeon, right?
KEN ROSENBERG: That's right, and we make an analogy in the paper. One of our co-authors had done this fascinating study where she was able to bring in whatever data existed from the passenger pigeon from the 1800s and essentially create a model of what the decline of the passenger pigeon might have looked like before it went extinct.
And that decline looked a lot like what we're seeing today in these other common birds. And nobody ever thought the passenger pigeon would go extinct. It was the most abundant bird that ever lived on the continent. But these declines look very similar. And what it's telling us is that if we had been monitoring birds back at that time and people were paying attention, and we were at that 30% loss point, let's say, it's very likely that we would have been able to prevent that extinction and do something about it.
IRA FLATOW: And is that the same case now? Can we prevent any loss of birds?
KEN ROSENBERG: Well, we might not be able to save everything, but that is what gives us hope. And we have examples of birds more recently that we have recovered and that we have brought back– the bald eagle, the peregrine falcon. In those cases, we knew what the problem was when we were able to ban DDT, the harmful pesticide, and pass laws that stopped shooting of hawks and eagles. And these populations rebounded pretty quickly. So we know birds can be resilient. We know that they will respond positively to our actions if we do it.
IRA FLATOW: But don't we have to know why they died off to begin with?
KEN ROSENBERG: That's true. And we maybe got lucky, in a sense, with the bald eagle because DDT was such an obvious factor. And since these losses we're seeing now are so pervasive– they're really across every single habitat– then obviously, multiple factors are at work. And it's very complex, and it's not a simple thing.
But we do know in a lot of cases what the major factors are in habitat loss, and we know a lot of the things that are killing birds, such as collisions with windows and buildings, and predation by outdoor cats. And these are things that we can do something about, and we can minimize those bird deaths at the same time that we're working to protect and restore habitat.
IRA FLATOW: Is changing climate have anything to do with this, you think?
KEN ROSENBERG: Well, that's a good question this week, of course, and we've thought about that a lot. And climate change is obviously having an effect, and it's probably going to be having more of an effect as we move forward.
But climate change is not the driver of these big declines. It is habitat loss. And so in a sense, the habitat loss issue is it's right in front of us. There's so much urgency there, and if we're not protecting and restoring habitats and if there isn't enough habitat for these birds to survive in and move– and not just birds, other wildlife to move into, as climate change does whatever it's going to do on the landscape, then it won't matter very much. So we can't just focus on climate change into the future. We have to make sure we're protecting these populations right now.
IRA FLATOW: Let me get a bit into the methodology. This is fascinating to me– I hope to my listeners, too. How do you know? How do you count the bird populations?
KEN ROSENBERG: Well, we relied on two very independent sources of data. And one of them were fairly simple counts that have gone back 50 years or more that are done by bird watchers. And because so many people love birds and can identify them, we have this fantastic collaboration between the scientists and the amateur bird watchers, where the scientists can design these surveys that are quite rigorous.
But the bird watchers are the eyes and the ears out there. Scientists cannot collect this kind of data themselves. So we have thousands of people out there collecting the data and then giving it back to the scientists, who can then do these analyses. And so we're very lucky to have this 50 year monitoring data set on bird populations. We don't have anything like that for any other group of organisms.
But then the weather radar data was a completely different source. It doesn't rely on human observations. And radar can see the migration that's happening in the sky. And since most birds are actually migrating at night, the radar is picking up these bird migrations at night. You could even see this on the Weather Channel. If you see a big storm coming on when they show the radar, that clutter that you see out behind the storm, those are birds usually.
IRA FLATOW: Wow.
KEN ROSENBERG: So the weather people filter that out, but ornithologists have taken advantage of it. And it's really only recently, because we need supercomputers, really, to look at it at that scale. There are 143 of these next rad weather radar stations, and we're able to piece that together and look at the total mass of migration that's passing over the United States over the entire spring migration.
And we went back in time with that kind of data. We were able to go back only 11 years. But we saw a 14% decline in the mass of migration passing over the United States in just an 11 year period. And that's about the same order of magnitude that we were seeing from the surveys. So these two very independent sources of data are essentially telling us there's this major loss, and that gives us a lot more confidence that the result is real.
IRA FLATOW: Do you have any confidence that folks like us, the individual, can do anything to help?
KEN ROSENBERG: Well, it's going to start with the individual, just as your previous guest was talking about, and if we're going to solve the climate crisis. The response to this paper has really been phenomenal. There is so much interest in this story because so many people love birds.
And we've provided a list of actions that people can do. And we have a sheet called the Seven Simple Actions, and I'm not sure I can remember all seven of them. But they are things like protecting your windows and preventing birds from crashing into your windows by breaking up the reflection and keeping your cat indoors, so it doesn't hunt birds. And drinking bird friendly coffee is a great simple way. It's great coffee, and you could be saving bird habitat at the same time.
IRA FLATOW: I guess, stop there for a minute and tell me what bird friendly coffee is. I'd like to get some.
KEN ROSENBERG: Well, most coffee, all coffee, is grown in tropical regions. And like a lot of other agricultural crops, to grow coffee normally requires cutting down the rainforest. But in certain areas, they grow the coffee underneath the shade of the rainforest canopy. And it serves to protect the habitat, but it produces great coffee.
And it's a small proportion of the market right now. But it's something that we're trying to make people aware of and make them grow. Make that grow. So it's shade grown coffee that we consider to be friendly to birds.
IRA FLATOW: What about pesticides? Do they kill off the birds?
KEN ROSENBERG: Well, they certainly do, and since so many of the declines we're seeing are birds associated with agricultural areas in one way or another, on top of the outright loss of habitat, you have this greater and greater use of more toxic pesticides. These neo nicotinoids could be worse than DDT, and a different study just came out this week in Science as well, showing the high toxicity of these chemicals to birds.
And we think that this could be the cause of declines in certain groups of birds, such as these aerial and insect eating birds, aerial insectivores such as swallows, and swifts, and nighthawks that have been declining so steeply. So absolutely, that's part of the puzzle.
And then minimizing your use of pesticides around your home is a good start. Every one of these individual actions can then be amplified by taking it to scale in your community. And ultimately, we want people who are doing these things to be a voice for change, so that these can actually result in changed policies and societal change.
IRA FLATOW: You mentioned in your list that pollinators were a problem. Tell me what you mean by that.
KEN ROSENBERG: Pollinator's a problem. Well, birds are such an integral part of all ecosystems, and they perform these services as part of the ecosystems. And they act as predators and prey in the food webs, but birds are also doing things like pollination. They're doing pest control of insects. They're doing dispersal of seeds. They're helping forests regenerate by dispersing seeds.
So when you're losing this big chunk of bird abundance, you're losing those functions within the ecosystems. And we could be approaching a point where the ecosystems themselves are unraveling.
IRA FLATOW: Another tipping point to be fearful of, OK.
KEN ROSENBERG: Yeah, well, it could be happening. It's hard not to be alarmist when you have numbers like we've generated here.
IRA FLATOW: Now we've all read Silent Spring, so we know what could be happening. Ken Rosenberg is the author of a report in Science and applied conservation scientist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology in Ithaca, New York. Thank you for taking time to be with us today.
KEN ROSENBERG: Thank you, Ira.
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Release Date: December 4th, 2017
MPAA Rating: Restricted
Terminator 2: Judgment Day - 3D (UK Import)
Review Date December 11th, 2017 by M. Enois Duarte
Technical Specs: Two-Disc Combo Pack
2 BD-50 Dual-Layered Discs
Region B Locked
Video Resolution/Codec: 1080p/MVC MPEG-4
French DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1
German DTS-HD Master Audio 7.1
Subtitles/Captions: English SDH
Special Features: Audio Commentaries
Featurette
Movie Studio: Studio Canal
What more could be said of what is widely hailed as one of the greatest action movies of all time and almost universally considered one of the best sequels ever made? In the decades since it originally premiered in 1991, James Cameron's classic sci-fi actioner Terminator 2: Judgment Day has seeped itself into our cultural pantheon and the collective unconscious. Even if the unacquainted had never seen this masterfully entertaining film, young moviegoers have heard of it and are somehow familiar with its time-traveling plot. Some also know it stars action-legend Arnold Schwarzenegger as the titular killing machine sent from the future to protect a boy (Edward Furlong) destined to be someone of great importance. And, along with Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park, it should also always be remembered as marking the beginning of the groundbreaking years in computer-generated imagery, heralding what would soon become a common practice in visual special effects and photography. After twenty-five years, it's surprising to see much of the work done back then remains as striking and fascinating as when I first experienced them in cinemas.
The production's continued success — the reason why the film endures decades later and why those CG effects still prevail as seamlessly as they do — is a plot driven by its characters and the unbeatable circumstances surrounding them. It is ultimately an engrossing story about a rebellious adolescent confronting a hostile, unsympathetic world and the sometimes-unbearable burden of the future weighing on his shoulders. Having come from the 80s era of "good consumer" and "living in excess" mindset, his mother Sarah (Linda Hamilton) is a darkly pessimistic cynic who sees a world on the brink of annihilation while John (Furlong) persists with some spark of optimism and a hope for humanity's future. Their contrasting personalities seem a fitting response to the period when a nation was about to transition from the Reagan-Bush era to the Clinton years. Uniting them is an unimaginable soul-crushing monster in the T-1000 (Robert Patrick), a seemingly invincible machine standing in the way of a better future, a modern Frankenstein-type creation that even the almighty, powerful Schwarzenegger wearily struggles to defeat.
For a more in-depth take on the movie, you can read our review of the 4K Ultra HD HERE.
Vital Disc Stats: The Ultra HD Blu-ray
In the United Kingdom, Studio Canal brings Terminator 2: Judgment Day to 3D Blu-ray as a two-disc combo pack. The standard Region B locked, BD50 disc containing the 2D presentation and supplements rests on a blue center spindle while the Region B locked 3D Blu-ray sits comfortably on the opposing panel. Both are housed inside a black, slightly thicker than normal keepcase with a glossy slipcover. At startup, the disc goes straight to a 2D interactive menu screen with music playing and full-motion clips.
Sadly, a North American release of the Terminator 2 – 3D has not been announced and may not happen at all, so fans of the format will have to import a 3D version of the sci-fi action sequel.
Two-Disc Combo Pack
1080p/MVC MPEG-4
Audio Commentaries
Missing the 25th Anniversary mark by a year, James Cameron revisited the dearly beloved action sci-fi sequel and bestowed the original camera negatives with a brand-new 4K restoration. Those elements were then remastered for a new 3D conversion, which was shown theatrically in select cinemas this last summer. The results, I'm happy to report, are a spectacular and astonishing 1080p/MVC MPEG-4 encode, giving fans another reason to purchase the film yet again on home video. The extra dimension adds another layer to the story's thrilling action sequences and provides a substantially immersive effect to their enjoyment. In all fairness, some of the softer aspects of the photography, which mostly occur in the early CG visual effects, tend to flatten the picture slightly, but it's nothing too serious. And on occasion, there is some mild but visible crosstalk here and there, which might be more apparent and a nuisance on some screens. Nevertheless, the picture offers a wealth of 3D goodness for loyal fans of both the movie and the format.
The movie lacks the usual gimmick effects and cool camera tricks meant to startle and amaze audiences, which is understandable given its production year. It's really all about immersing viewers and pulling them further into the action and this universe of humans fighting against judgment day. However, there are a few moments that will take viewers by surprise, such as the barrel of guns breaking through the screen with astounding realism or when the police helicopter convincingly hovers and moves in midair. Separation between foreground and background objects is distinct and crystal-clear, often generating some amazing visual delights that penetrate deep into the backdrop. The hallways of the psychiatric hospital feel genuinely elongated with the other far end seeming beyond our distance, and there is a sense of space and partition in the offices of Cyberdyne while exterior shots impress with a grasp of scope and an open expanse.
With this coming from a new 4K digital intermediate, the high-def transfer provides a step up over its most recent Blu-ray counterpart, though not by a significant margin. Definition and fine objects are sharp and occasionally highly-detailed, showing great detailing in the clothing, the animatronics and various other practical effects. Of course, there are a few softer, poorly-resolved moments sprinkled throughout, many of which are seen during low-lit interiors, in some of the CG work and other minor aspects related to the original photography. Nevertheless, viewers can better make out the tiniest stitch and wrinkle in Schwarzenegger's leather jacket while individual hairs in the T-1000's perfectly combed haircut are always distinct, and the smallest trinket, object and piece of furniture in the Cyberdyne office is plainly visible. As mentioned in the review of the UHD, the blatant use of DNR remains a bit of an issue here although it miraculously doesn't appear as egregious and distracting. On the whole, facial complexions look natural with mildly lifelike textures, exposing the most trifling blemish and pore during the best-looking close-ups.
Even with the darkened glasses, the high-def video displays crisp, generally spot-on contrast with relatively clean and brilliant whites, but there are times when it falls flat. Most of this arguably related to the early CG visual effects, but it is more likely the result of the original color timing having been changed to a steelier blue and the ever-popular (but subjectively unattractive) orange-teal palette. For the most part, this isn't an issue, but it comes with a few hot spots, introducing a bit of blooming that ruin the finer details. Colors seem slightly affected by the change, but primaries remain accurately rendered and a tad richer, though faces sometimes appear flushed and pale on occasion. The biggest improvement are the brightness levels, providing the 3D image with rich, midnight blacks and a lovely cinematic appeal. And shadow detailing remains strong, which comes in handy during the climactic fight sequence in the steel mill.
The same remastered lossless audio options enjoyed on the 4K Ultra HD and standard Blu-ray are also offered on the 3D Blu-ray disc — a pair of highly enjoyable and satisfying DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 soundtracks, one in the original English while the other in French, and third German DTS-HD 7.1 track.
For a more in-depth take on the audio quality, you can read our review of the 4K Ultra HD HERE.
All the bonus material can be enjoyed on the accompanying 2D Blu-ray disc, which also features the Theatrical, Special Edition and Extended Special Edition versions of the movie via seamless branching.
Audio Commentaries: Director James Cameron is joined by co-writer William Wysher for the first commentary track where the two talking passionately about the story and production. The second track was piecemealed together from various audio interviews of the cast & crew, sharing a variety of information on the technical aspects of the production and several anecdotes from the set.
Reprogramming (HD, 55 min): Brand-new documentary that is surprisingly candid, exhaustive and informative with recent cast & crew interviews reminiscing on the plot, production and the film's legacy.
The Making of (SD, 31 min): The same archival EPK piece with cast & crew interview and BTS footage.
Deleted Scene (HD, 6 min): A pair of excised scenes.
Trailers (HD): A trio of theatrical previews are joined by the new T2: 3D trailer.
James Cameron's classic sci-fi actioner Terminator 2: Judgment Day is widely hailed as one of the greatest action movies of all time and universally considered one of the best sequel ever made. Added to that, the film's legacy and lasting impact marks the beginning of the groundbreaking years in computer-generated imagery, heralding what would soon become a common practice in visual special effects and photography.
The 3D Blu-ray comes from the United Kingdom courtesy of Studio Canal with a spectacular 3D conversion that amazingly adds another immersive experience to the film. A new DTS-HD MA 5.1 lossless mix doesn't really sound that much different than what's already been heard on previous home video editions, and a small set of the same supplements are ported over, joined by a brand-new retrospective. Without a word of a North American 3D Blu-ray release coming anytime soon, this UK import is recommended for loyal fans of the action classic as well as 3D enthusiasts who have access to a Region B and/or multi-region Blu-ray player.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Did you have a chance to catch Pope Benedict XVI's Wednesday arrival in rainy Brazil on Salt + Light Television?
Waving flags and "Long Live the Pope" chants from enthusiastic crowds in Sao Paulo greeted the Holy Father as he began his first visit to Latin America as pope. The five day trip will include a canonization, a visit to a popular shrine, the opening of a Bishop's conference, and other public appearances and addresses.
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Skylight by David Hall was written for and commissioned by Maria Finkelmeier and Jacob Remington. The piece is a technically and musically demanding percussion duet infused with intriguing textures & instrument combinations. The Olson-Lyons percussion duo commissioned this visualization for their performance. Taking a cue from the musical textures demonstrated throughout the piece, I set out to have the percussionists paint the sky with light. Designed for two microphone inputs, each lighting element reacts and develops throughout the piece. Percussive hits generate swirling light shapes while softer and subtler attacks create gentle light rays that cast down through the clouds.
Swirling blue lights reacting to mallet attacks throughout the piece.
The swirling shapes continue to evolve as the musical complexity increases.
Blue crescents form as softer rays of light shine from above. Each element uniquely reacts to the various attack strengths of the percussion instruments.


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Q: Uniform vs legacy initialisation producing different compilation results I alighted on this while permuting with a trivial piece of code:
struct Base0 {};
struct Base1 {};

template<typename... Ts>
struct Derived: Ts... {};

int main() {
    Derived<Base0, Base1> d0 {Base0{}, Base1{}}; // OK
    Derived<Base0, Base1> d1 (Base0{}, Base1{}); // ERROR
}

I thought both d0 and d1 should have resulted in a compilation error since I can't see how Derived without any matching ctor takes ctor arguments as passed and flags d0's compilation as fine.
There's probably something obvious I'm missing. What is it about the uniform initialisation that's making it pass ? Is it aggregate initialisation or something ? What's happening with the temporaries passed to the ctor ?
Using C++17 online compiler here
Edit
As asked, I'm providing a copy-paste of the spew-out:
main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
main.cpp:9:47: error: no matching function for call to 'Derived::Derived(Base0, Base1)'
     Derived<Base0, Base1> d1 (Base0{}, Base1{}); // ERROR
                                               ^
main.cpp:5:8: note: candidate: constexpr Derived::Derived()
 struct Derived: Ts... {};
        ^~~~~~~
main.cpp:5:8: note:   candidate expects 0 arguments, 2 provided
main.cpp:5:8: note: candidate: constexpr Derived::Derived(const Derived&)
main.cpp:5:8: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
main.cpp:5:8: note: candidate: constexpr Derived::Derived(Derived&&)
main.cpp:5:8: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided

A: Looks like this is a new C++17 feature of aggregate initialisation:

Each direct public base, (since C++17) array element, or non-static class member, in order of array subscript/appearance in the class definition, is copy-initialized from the corresponding clause of the initializer list.

It comes with the change that a class with bases may now be an aggregate (as long as they are not virtual, private, or protected… though they don't even need to be aggregates! ).
Your failing case does not use aggregate initialisation, but instead attempts a good old-fashioned constructor invocation. As you've identified, no such constructor exists.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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La Questione dello Schleswig-Holstein ( ; ) fu un insieme complesso di questioni diplomatiche e politiche sorte nel XIX secolo dalle relazioni di due ducati, Schleswig (  ) e Holstein (  ), con la corona danese, la Confederazione tedesca e tra di loro. Si dice che lo statista britannico Lord Palmerston abbia affermato: "Solo tre persone hanno davvero capito gli affari dello Schleswig-Holstein: il principe consorte, che è morto; un professore tedesco, che è impazzito; e io, che ho dimenticato tutto al riguardo."

Lo Schleswig faceva parte della Danimarca durante l'età vichinga e divenne un ducato danese nel XII secolo. L'Holstein, situato a sud dello Schleswig, era in epoca medievale un feudo del Sacro Romano Impero . Dal 1460 in poi, i due territori erano stati governati insieme da un unico duca, che era anche re di Danimarca. Il trattato di Ribe, concordato dal re danese al fine di ottenere il controllo di entrambi gli stati, sembrava indicare che Schleswig e Holstein dovevano rimanere uniti, anche se tale interpretazione fu successivamente contestata. Il Sacro Romano Impero fu sciolto nel 1806, ma la Confederazione germanica formata nel 1815 includeva anche l'Holstein. All'inizio dell'Ottocento la popolazione dell'Holstein era quasi interamente di etnia tedesca, insieme a gran parte dello Schleswig.

Sia lo Schleswig che l'Holstein erano stati governati da istituzioni separate dal resto del Regno danese. Il 27 marzo 1848, Federico VII di Danimarca annunciò al popolo dello Schleswig la promulgazione di una costituzione liberale in base alla quale il ducato, pur preservando la sua autonomia locale, sarebbe diventato parte integrante della Danimarca. Ciò portò a una rivolta aperta da parte della grande maggioranza tedesca dello Schleswig-Holstein a sostegno dell'indipendenza dalla Danimarca e della stretta associazione con la Confederazione tedesca. L'intervento militare del Regno di Prussia sostenne la rivolta: l'esercito prussiano scacciò le truppe danesi dallo Schleswig e dall'Holstein, dando inizio alla Prima guerra dello Schleswig (1848-51), che terminò con una vittoria danese a Idstedt; con il Protocollo di Londra, la comunità internazionale sancì il mantenimento dello status quo.

Una seconda crisi emerse a causa di una controversia sulla successione. I Ducati di Holstein e Lauenburg erano infatti ereditari in base alla legge salica; il Regno di Danimarca con lo Schleswig aveva una legge sull'eredità diversa, che consentiva agli eredi maschi di ereditare attraverso la linea femminile. In base a queste diverse leggi sulla successione, il re Federico VII di Danimarca, che non aveva figli, avrebbe avuto eredi differenti in Danimarca e in Holstein, di fatto provocando una separazione tra i territori. Ma quando Federico morì nel 1863, il suo erede danese Cristiano IX affermò di aver ereditato anche il Ducato di Holstein e tentò di reintegrare il Ducato di Schleswig nel regno danese firmando la cosiddetta Costituzione di novembre . Ciò fu visto come una violazione del Protocollo di Londra e portò alla seconda guerra dello Schleswig del 1864 e, infine, all'assorbimento dei Ducati da parte della Prussia.

In seguito alla sconfitta della Germania nella prima guerra mondiale, l'area a maggioranza danese dello Schleswig settentrionale fu finalmente unificata con la Danimarca dopo due plebisciti organizzati dalle potenze alleate. Una piccola minoranza tedesca vive ancora nello Schleswig settentrionale, mentre una minoranza danese è ancora oggi residente nello Schleswig meridionale.

Problema costituzionale
Dal 1849 in avanti, il regno danese si trovò ad avere sistemi costituzionali diversi all'interno dei suoi territori. La Danimarca vera e propria era diventata una democrazia costituzionale. Tuttavia, l'assolutismo era ancora il sistema in vigore nello Schleswig e nell'Holstein, con assemblee consultive basate sul sistema delle proprietà che dava più potere ai membri più ricchi della società. Le tre unità erano governate da un gabinetto, composto sia da ministri liberali della Danimarca che sollecitavano riforme economiche e sociali che da ministri conservatori della nobiltà dell'Holstein, che si opponevano alla riforma politica. Dopo la rivolta in Holstein e Schleswig, il monarca non aveva alcun interesse a condividere il governo con il popolo, costituito da molti ex ribelli.

La situazione che ne risultò, indurita dalle tensioni etniche, portò a una completa incapacità di governare. Inoltre, gli oppositori danesi di questo cosiddetto Stato unitario ( Helstaten ) temevano che la presenza di rappresentanti dell'Holstein nel governo e, allo stesso tempo, l'appartenenza dell'Holstein alla Confederazione germanica avrebbero portato a una maggiore interferenza tedesca nelle questioni relative all'Holstein, o persino negli affari interni alla Danimarca.

A Copenaghen, il palazzo e la maggior parte dell'amministrazione supportavano una stretta aderenza allo status quo. Lo stesso valeva per potenze straniere come Regno Unito, Francia e Russia, che non erano intenzionate ad accettare una Danimarca indebolita a favore di una potenza tedesca, come l'Austria o la Prussia, nel caso in cui quest'ultima avesse acquisito l'Holstein insieme all'importante porto navale di Kiel o controllando l'ingresso al Mar Baltico.

Lingua e nazionalità

Sia la Germania che la Danimarca desideravano creare e consolidare le rispettive nazionalità partendo da un quadro di pratiche culturali e dialetti ancora frammentari.

Inoltre c'era la questione internazionale: le ambizioni rivali delle potenze coinvolte e gli interessi di altri stati europei, in particolare quelli del Regno Unito, impedivano l'ascesa di una potenza marittima tedesca nel nord.

Il tedesco era stata la lingua del governo nello Schleswig e nell'Holstein; ed era persino stata lingua di governo del regno di Danimarca in diverse epoche. A partire dalla Riforma, il tedesco era diventato l'idioma dominante nella chiesa e nelle scuole, mentre il danese era rimasto la lingua dominante tra i contadini dello Schleswig.

Il basso tedesco era la lingua propria di tutto l'Holstein. Durante i secoli successivi al Medioevo, il basso tedesco era però arrivato a dominare anche nello Schleswig meridionale, che originariamente era prevalentemente di lingua danese. Il danese dominava ancora nello Schleswig settentrionale. Intorno al 1800, tedesco e danese erano parlati in proporzioni approssimativamente uguali in tutto quello che oggi è lo Schleswig centrale.

La lingua tedesca si era lentamente diffusa a spese del danese nei secoli precedenti: ad esempio, il danese era ancora parlato nella penisola di Schwansen intorno al 1780, per poi estinguersi poco dopo.

Il confine linguistico nel XIX secolo si assestava approssimativamente sul confine attuale tra Danimarca e Germania.

Era chiaro che il dominio danese nello Schleswig era vulnerabile e si stava indebolendo. Attraverso la sua vigorosa attività economica, l'area etnicamente tedesca era in piena espansione. Gli immigrati tedeschi arrivavano costantemente e le famiglie che prima parlavano danese spesso trovavano conveniente cambiare lingua. La parlata basso tedesca, in luogo del danese, era diventata propria dell'Holstein e di gran parte dello Schleswig meridionale.

Una soluzione, che in seguito ebbe l'appoggio di Napoleone III, sarebbe stata quella di spartire lo Schleswig sulla base della nazionalità, assegnando la parte danese alla Danimarca e quella tedesca all'Holstein. Questa idea, che in seguito ebbe sostenitori sia danesi che tedeschi, si rivelò all'epoca impraticabile a causa della contrarietà iniziale da entrambe le parti. Questa soluzione fu successivamente implementata dai plebisciti nel 1920 come condizione del trattato di Versailles, e lo Schleswig settentrionale venne restituito alla Danimarca.

Il trattato di Ribe
Gli abitanti dello Schleswig-Holstein di etnia tedesca si rifacevano a una clausola del Trattato di Ribe del 1460, la quale affermava che Schleswig e Holstein avrebbero dovuto essere "sempre insieme e mai divisi (o separati)". Sebbene questo trattato giocasse un ruolo minore nel contesto del conflitto, la formula "per sempre inseparabili" (Up ewig ungedeelt) divenne proverbiale per il movimento nazionalista tedesco, sia tra coloro che desideravano uno Schleswig-Holstein indipendente, sia tra i sostenitori dell'unificazione con gli altri territori di lingua tedesca.

In Danimarca la clausola ebbe sempre meno importanza e la citazione venne ampiamente considerata fuori contesto: secondo i danesi, avrebbe potuto suggerire che i ducati non fossero separati gli uni dagli altri, o che non fossero suddivisi in quote più piccole di eredità. Nonostante questo ciò era accaduto molte volte, generando numerose enclave feudali. I sostenitori della tesi danese si appoggiavano alle sentenze di un tribunale clericale danese e di un imperatore tedesco, rispettivamente del 1424 e del 1421, affermando che lo Schleswig apparteneva di diritto alla Danimarca, perché era un feudo danese, mentre l'Holstein era un feudo del Sacro Romano Impero; in questo senso Schleswig e Holstein erano quindi di fatto già separati o separabili.

Nonostante questo, le maggiori potenze del tempo sembrano aver dato poco peso al Trattato di Ribe e alla sua clausola, ritenendolo di minor importanza rispetto alle tensioni etniche e al potenziale stravolgimento degli equilibri di potere.

Risoluzione

La seconda guerra dello Schleswig risolse violentemente la questione dello Schleswig-Holstein, costringendo il re di Danimarca a rinunciare (il 1º agosto 1864) a tutti i suoi diritti sui ducati a favore dell'imperatore Francesco Giuseppe I d'Austria e del re Guglielmo I di Prussia. Con l'articolo XIX del Trattato definitivo di Vienna firmato il 30 ottobre 1864, venne concesso un periodo di sei anni durante il quale gli abitanti dei ducati appena annessi potevano optare per la nazionalità danese e trasferirsi con i loro possedimenti in Danimarca.

Durante la guerra austro-prussiana del 1866, la Prussia strappò l'Holstein all'Austria e lo fuse con il ducato di Schleswig per creare la provincia di Schleswig-Holstein . Da questo punto in poi, la questione Schleswig-Holstein fu inglobata dalla più ampia questione delle relazioni austro-prussiane, che la guerra del 1866 influenzò profondamente. Sopravvisse, tuttavia, limitatamente alle domande sul destino della popolazione danese dello Schleswig, ancora oggi di grande interesse per gli studenti di diritto internazionale e per illustrare i problemi pratici coinvolti nell'affermazione del moderno principio di nazionalità.

Oggi lo Schleswig settentrionale, o contea dello Jutland meridionale, si trova in Danimarca; la parte meridionale, conosciuta come Schleswig-Holstein, è uno stato della Germania.

Nella letteratura
Dostoevskij si riferisce alla questione come "La farsa nello Schleswig-Holstein" in Memorie dal sottosuolo.

La questione viene citata nel primo volume delle Reminiscenze di Carl Schurz come motivo di preoccupazione nelle Rivoluzioni del 1848 e sotto forma di ricordi farseschi del suo amico Adolf Strodtmann riguardo alla sua partecipazione (di Strodtmann) al conflitto (vedi il capitolo 5, pp.130-132, e il capitolo 6, pp. 141-143).

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Storia della Danimarca
Storia della Germania
Schleswig-Holstein
Questioni nazionali

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The University of Kansas become one of the 29 research institutions to receive funding from Ripple , receiving $2 million—over five years—to support research related to cryptocurrency, blockchain, and digital payments.
The donation from Ripple will provide $400,000 each year for five years. It will go to the Information and Telecommunication Technology Center at the Kansas School of Engineering, as reported by a local paper the DECCAN Chronicle .
The University will determine its own research topics, and Ripple will collaborate with students and faculty to provide technical resources and expertise. The donation will also support the KU Blockchain Institute, a student-led organization that promotes the use of blockchain technology, added the DECCAN Chronicle .
The post Ripple Grants $2 Million to University of Kansas, Funds 29 Universities to Conduct Blockchain and Crypto Research appeared first on CryptoSlate .


text:
Quantum Physics Has Finally Solved the Chicken/Egg Debate
Andrew LaSane
Thursday, 06 September 2018 - 1:44PM
Image Credit: Ruben Alexander/Flickr CC BY 2.0
It's a quandary that seems to have been around since the dawn of time (though it has its actual origins in Ancient Greece), yet finding an answer has proven to be impossible - Which came first: the chicken or the egg? Some smart alecks have tried to answer the question by throwing in pterodactyls or other non-chickens, but that's like using Spock or volcano in a game of roshambo. According to USA Today, we may finally have a legit answer thanks to quantum physics, but it's probably going to piss off everyone on both sides of the debate.
So the answer to the question "What came first" would be both. Or neither? It depends on how you look at it. "The weirdness of quantum mechanics means that events can happen without a set order," explained University of Queensland researcher Jacqui Romero. In an experiment, Romero and other French and Australian physicists used a device called a photonic quantum switch to demonstrate indefinite causal order. It turns out that in quantum mechanics the rules of things happening in sequence (this-then-that) don't apply. Photons in a rig were given two paths: if vertically polarized, the photons would take the left path and then come around to the right path, and if horizontally polarized it would do the opposite. By polarizing the photons from both directions (horizontally), the researchers caused the quantum wave to split and go down both paths and meet again in the center. "When the photon repeats the trip, it again takes both paths, although either part of the photon's quantum wave takes each path only once," Science Mag explains further. "It is thus impossible to say in which order the photon has taken the path."
In what is almost definitely an over-simplification of what the scientists show in their study, two things can cause each other to occur at the same time. That is a little hard to swallow since it goes against a pretty major fact of our normal lives, but it kind of makes sense if you read the research, which was published recently in Physical Reviews Letters. The next time someone asks you the question, just say both and walk away fast before they ask you to show your work.
Cover image credit: Ruben Alexander/Flickr CC BY 2.0
Astrophysicists Just Saw an Ancient Dormant "Monster Galaxy" Dating Back to Big Bang That's Floating Dead in the Universe
There Is a 'Budget' for How Many Black Holes Can Exist in Our Universe According to New Research from Vanderbilt University Astrophysicist
Astronomers Eye New 'Invisible' Stars Using One Key Principle Predicted by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity
Einstein Was Right: Scientists Spot White Dwarf Star Dragging Space-Time Around Like A Security Blanket
'Strange Metals' – Scientists Observe Quantum Entanglement In 'Billions of Billions' of Ytterbium Electrons
The Touching Reason Why This Tenured Physics Professor Is Building a Laser-Based Time Travel Machine


Every morning, I repeat, every morning - I make this smoothie. Unless I'm traveling, in which case - I don't make this smoothie and those are sad days.
It has evolved over the year, but I think I have perfected it with the right balance of antioxidants, healthy fats, hydrating greens, protein and vitamins. It's a power smoothie to say the least.
Don't panic, you don't need this fancy Vitamix to make this bad boy. (But isn't it lovely?) I used a single serve blender thing up until last week.
Step 1: Add 6-8oz's of almond milk, if you want it thicker go with 6oz.
Step 3: TSP of Moon Juice "Beauty Dust" - increases collagen and silica production with ingredients like pearl and goji.
Step 4: TSP of Maca - Maca is packed with vitamins, essential minerals and amino acids. It helps increases stamina and combat fatigue.
Step 5: A handful of spinach or kale or both - for obvious reasons.
Step 7: Half a banana - full banana if I'm feeling really hungry.
Step 9: Two pitted dates - they add sweetness, but are also rich in fiber and magnesium which helps with digestion.
It looks like poop, but tastes like gold. ENJOY.


text:
Svetovno prvenstvo športnih dirkalnikov sezona 1988 je bila šestintrideseta sezona Svetovnega prvenstva športnih dirkalnikov, ki je potekalo med 6. marcem in 20. novembrom 1988. Naslov moštvenega prvaka sta osvojila Silk Cut Jaguar (C1) in Spice Engineering (C2), dirkaškega pa Martin Brundle (C1) ter Ray Bellm in Gordon Spice (C2).

Spored dirk

Rezultati

Po dirkah

Moštveno prvenstvo
Točkovanje po sistemu 60-45-36-30-24-18-12-9-6-3 za 24-urne dirke, 40-30-24-20-16-12-8-6-4-2 za 800-1000 km dirke in 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1 za 360 km dirke, točke dobi le najbolje uvrščeni dirkalnik posameznega moštva.

Razred C1

Razred C2

Dirkaško prvenstvo

Razred C1

Razred C2

1988
1988 v športu


Combining all things classy and sassy, Karma has brought a glint of glamour to Islamabad by offering all its collections at the first ever Karma Concept Store in the city. Islamabad is one of those quite cities trying to shake off all its diffidence to transform into a happening city by putting on some bright lights, great heights, the hustle and bustle, and glamour. And the launch of the Karma store last weekend has only added to the charm of the city.
"Karma's philosophy is to bring together elegance and glamour under one roof in a unique shopping environment," says Maheen Kardar Ali, founding Designer of Karma, Pakistan's top fashion house. The store offers designer dresses and accessories for the fashion-savvy. "We are pleased and excited to open Karma outlet in such a high-traffic area of the city" adds the dynamic designer donning one of her creations.
Sprawled over 6000 sq feet and located in the heart of Islamabad the store offers all its four brands: Karma Red, Karma Pink, Karma Princess and MK Nation. Karma Pink offers ready-to-wear garments; Karma Red offers a wide selection of couture dresses; Karma Princess for little girls and recently-launched MK Nation for the younger lot.
The event brought together fashion lovers, top models, and socialites of the city, each one of them simply relishing in the splendour of the evening while glancing a look at the showcased dresses ranging from quirky to classy and sassy. Visitors were excited to get an exclusive glimpse of what looked like a royal palace from outside. Walking into the store was like moving into symphony impeccably adorned with grand chandeliers and fine couches, and embellished wardrobes resplendent with designer clothing. "I'm glad I didn't miss this royal experience and an enchanting ambiance!" remarked Naila Umair, a guest.
Maheen Kardar at the launch of Karma.
Design Director of Karma, Maheen Kardar Ali and CEO Saad Ali welcomed the fashion feisty crowd of Islamabad to celebrate an impressive launch where super models paraded around in signature Karma Bridals. The launch event that was all glitz and glamour was arranged by Rezz Events and QYT Events, both known as specialists in organising high-profile and celebrity events. The artful decoration of the store, an ode to the youthful classiness and feminine vigour that defines karma, was the work of talented team at Designers East and NK Interiors.
After an enchanting performance at PFDC Fashion Week and opening of concept stores in Lahore and Karachi, Karma has brought its latest collections for the citizens of Islamabad and Peshawar who can easily access the brand now.
Karma is the leading luxury fashion house of Pakistan that boasts of a clientele of more than 6000 women, two couture studios, and nine Karma Pink stores. Founded in 2000, and driven by principles of originality, funk and professionalism, Karma swiftly made its place in Pakistan's fashion industry and is now one of the recognized brands locally as well as globally.


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Munich airport offers many more flight connections, and is closer to Tyrol as many people realise. Our Munich airport transfer service offers you and your family or group a safe, reliable and comfortable ride to most popular ski resorts in Tyrol within 3 hours and 30 minutes.
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Recently there has been a large increase in Innsbruck airport transfer companies operating under the slogan "Best Price Guarantee" and taking their bookings through powerful international online platforms. They offer the best prices and luxury vehicles, but the reality is often very different. Using foreign drivers with very little local knowledge or winter driving experience, erratic driving, constant calls on the mobile phone without "hands free equipment", bad punctuality and cars smelling of cigarettes is far from a luxury transfer.
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4-H in Orange County, VA: 4H Senior!!!!
county fair for 11 years, showing hogs all 11 years and lambs for 10 years!
helped him in the aspect of public speaking!
how it is an extremely pro 4H environment.
community and the youth. It helps kids grow mentally and mature to become productive adults.
College in the fall and then attending a 4 year university!


We much appreciate our loyal customers and like to reward them. We do that through our Archway Card loyalty scheme.
Simply pick up a card when you next visit the shop, and every time you spend £10 or more you will receive a stamp on your card.
For every ten points accumulated you will receive a free £5 voucher to use against a future purchase at the Archway Bookshop.
The scheme applies to all goods other than National Book Tokens.


text:
Out-of-hours tour: an introduction to ancient Egypt . Book now .
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No artist can claim 'music of the future' quite like Actress (real name Darren J. Cunningham). The Wolverhampton-born producer has built a reputation as a fine creator of cerebral abstract techno or R&B concrète; crafting pulsing kickdrums, jittering percussion and chopped sample loops into churning, rumbling tracks soaked in static.
After more than a decade submerged in London's dance subcultures, Actress presented his most carefully constructed bridge between music and technology, 'a chrome aspect journey into a parallel world' LP 'AZD' in 2017. Following the release of the 'Audio Track 5' EP, he is going to release a collaboration album with the London Contemporary Orchestra (LCO) on Ninja Tune entitled 'LAGEOS'.
In addition to his recorded work, Actress has been photographed by Wolfgang Tillmans, and the late celebrated photographer Lord Snowden. Other collaborative projects include White Cube artist Eddie Peake and Belgian visual artist Pierre Debusschere, as well as fronting campaigns for fashion brands Acne and Cav Empt, during which he has performed sell out shows at The Barbican Center and Tate Modern London, Sonar Tokyo and Berghain Berlin.
Running the Werkdiscs label set Actress apart also as one of the hottest A&R scouts within his field, having discovered and released some of the most widely talked about artists of the bass generation, namely Disrupt, Zomby, Lukid and Starkey.


65 days. Very early, high quality sort. Dense, solid heads are very spherical, 5-7 inches in diameter and weigh 3-5 pounds. Plants are very compact relative to the size of the heads, allowing closer spacing than some varieties. Fine for cole slaw, stir fries and other fresh uses; not usually considered an excellent storage type. One of the earliest types we sell, and popular since at least the 1920s.
This the best cole slaw Cabbage l have ever raised if you like cole slaw this the one. You will be amazed.
Golden Acre cabbage is easy to grow and finishes fast, before slugs, mice, or moose have time to find them. I put row cover cloth over mine for the first month, to keep most troublesome bugs away, and harvest before bugs set in. It's a delicious table cabbage and makes good sauerkraut, too. The inner flesh is tender and delicious raw or steamed. The heads get nice and large for an early cabbage. I can't think of anything I don't like about Golden Acres. They're about perfect.


Events in the Ukraine have consumed enormous amounts of diplomatic capital since the ongoing crisis began this spring. The ramifications have been felt from West to East, from an energy deal between Russia and China, to reallocation the former's energy exports, to the creation of a NATO rapid-response force ready to be quickly deployed to Eastern Europe. But one area where ramifications have not been well published has been in the High North.
The Arctic is traditionally an area of cooperation in international politics. The Arctic Council, comprising Russia, the United States, Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway, has a history of cooperation on multiple projects, including cataloguing Arctic infrastructure and conserving Arctic flora and fauna. Certain IR theories might predict the use of the Arctic as a theatre in which Russia and the United States can compete. But the United States has an established culture of disengagement in the Arctic—the region has never featured prominently on the US foreign policy agenda.
But it seems like the crisis in the Ukraine has caused the beginning of the end in Arctic cooperation. In November of 2013, American Secretary of Defense announced that the US was increasing military ties with Russia in the Arctic region. In September of 2014, trilateral military exercises between the United States, Russia, and Canada that have occurred yearly since 2008 were cancelled. Moreover, the Canadian Minister for the Environment, Leona Aglukkaq, refused to attend a meeting on black carbon and methane emissions, specifically citing Russia's involvement in the Ukraine as reasons for the boycott.
Tensions go beyond talk. Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper has been pressuring NATO to include the Arctic on its official agenda. Thus far, the Arctic has not been a concern of NATO; its attention is focused primarily east, leaving some members of NATO—chiefly Canada, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland—to fend for themselves when it comes to their Northern borders. This is particularly concerning given that Russia has recently demonstrated its willingness to violate the sovereign waters of European states when a Russian submarine was found in the Stockholm archipelago. Extending the NATO security blanket over the Arctic would no doubt go a long way towards easing Arctic NATO member's collective nerves.
Another reason why such tensions are particularly important right now is the increase in Russian presence in the Arctic. The most telling indication of a redirection is the creation of a Joint Strategic Command (Obedinonnye Strategicheskoe Komandovanie) to coordinate Russian forces in the Arctic. More than a bureaucratic reorganization, this includes the revitalization of military infrastructure in the Arctic, including a base in the Novosibirsk Islands and a fighter-capable airbase in the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. To match the increase in resources, troop numbers are increasing, including a new Arctic fleet under the new joint strategic command as well as an infantry force. Despite this build up, Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov has specifically said that there is no need for a NATO force in the Arctic.
Another complicating factor is the presence of vast amounts of energy resources below the melting Arctic ice cap. According to the US Geological Survey, Arctic petroleum reserves include 90 billion barrels of oil and 1,670 trillion cubic feet of natural gas—combined almost 22 percent of the world's reserves. Gazprom, the Russian state oil company, has taken a major role in extracting these resources, aided by the Russian appeal to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to expand its sovereign waters to 230 miles off of the coast, expanding the number of fields available for Gazprom extraction. And Gazprom expansion is more than an expectation: the petroleum giant recently signed a gas deal worth 400 billion dollars over 30 years.
Russian military redeployment as well as petroleum exploitation have set the stage for a diplomatic conflagration in the Arctic; while neither of those actions can be framed as offensive (the military deployment is being framed as creating a defensive perimeter), it clearly increases the Russian stake in the Arctic. Combined with the United States oncoming stint as chair of the Arctic Council, tensions are sure to be high.
It is on this already tense stage that the effects of the Ukraine crisis are felt. With all the pertinent actors already on their toes, it is not surprising that the Ukraine Crisis' result diplomatic brouhaha has put a damper on Arctic cooperation.


If your household is anything like mine, laundry is a constant battle! I need something strong enough to get those stubborn stains out of my kids' clothes but something that I can trust will be gentle on my baby's delicate skin. How do you find a happy medium? Well, our friends at Vaska have developed a solution, and this week we are giving you the chance to put their laundry detergent to the test. One lucky Project Nursery reader will win a one-year supply of Vaska Baby for yourself AND a friend (12 pouches of Vaska Baby each, a $240 value).
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text:
Legal Rules Control Wealth and Poverty
by Ed Kent in All News
Years ago as a philosophy grad student I got interested in the concept of property. Much to my amateur surprise I discovered that property does not consist of things and places, but rather the complex of legal rights and powers that enable one to use things, change and control legal rights and duties both of oneself and others. A central figure in the analysis of legal relationships had been Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, an early 20th century legal theorist, who had developed a model of legal concepts well ahead of his time in its sophistication. Hohfeld's death had only allowed him to complete 3 of 8 proposed essays in what was published in his book, Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied to Legal Reasoning, a book rediscovered and still in print.
What I found in Hohfeld is what every lawyer somewhat grasps — he who writes and controls the rules of law is likely to become the 'owner' of resources — too often to the exclusion of others. What we saw during the 20th century was a series of swings from the early period of greedy dominance by corporate wealth of our resources which spawned the great depression and then a swing back to a more just distribution of same under FDR and a further tilting once again back to the wealthy with Reagan's attack on government controls of the rules of the game which had protected people not in a position to defend their own rights. We have been watching the climax of this grab of our resources in recent years with the advent of a war for control of oil in the Middle East, the widening split between poverty and wealth in the U.S., and now, perhaps, yet another great depression in the making.
See this as the introduction to a more detail series of comments to come on the abuses of rights and powers affecting specific areas of our economic and personal lives.
"A war is just if there is no alternative, and the resort to arms is legitimate if they represent your last hope." (Livy cited by Machiavelli)
Ed Kent 212-665-8535 (voice mail only) [blind copies]
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/CollegeConversation
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http://groups.yahoo.com/group/StudentConcerns
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AcademicFreedom
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/PrivacyRights
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Israel_Palestine
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FindingHumaneJobs
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OurStupidEconomy
http://BlogByEdKent.blogspot.com/
http://www.bloggernews.net
1 user commented in " Legal Rules Control Wealth and Poverty "
cheritycall said,
in October 27th, 2008 at 3:06 am
Hi, Give something to help the hungry people in Africa and India,
I created this blog about them:
at http://tinyurl.com/65dptv


Sycamore at Tyvola is a unique luxury apartment community that offers the comforts and conveniences of urban living, with a full range of superior lifestyle amenities and world-class management services. Located just 20 minutes from vibrant Uptown Charlotte and upscale SouthPark, Sycamore at Tyvola provides a one-of-a-kind lifestyle, designed with luxury, leisure and privacy in mind.
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Flax to Fabric
Flaxivity
Art and Creativity: Artist call by the Friends of the Flaxmill Maltings
Fri, 10 January 2020
The Friends of the Flaxmill Maltings are in the process of putting a bid in to the Arts Council of...
The Friends of Flaxmill Maltings (Friends) were formed in August 2010 in response to the public consultation and growing interest and enthusiasm for the development of the Flaxmill Maltings amongst the community.
Our Vision is that:
Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings is brought back to life at the heart of the community.
Our Mission is that:
We will provide opportunities for all to engage with and be inspired by the Flaxmill Maltings. We will enable current and future generations to appreciate and celebrate their heritage. We will achieve this by providing projects and activities, which encourage learning, recreation, community engagement and employment. In the pursuit of our mission we will abide by our values:
The Friends are a value based organisation and strive to be:
Responsive to the needs and aspirations of the community
An open, accessible and inclusive organisation encouraging and celebrating our diversity
Flexible and innovative in our approach, responding quickly to change
Sustainable both economically and environmentally
Ethical in our activities and partnerships
Actively seeking to maintain and develop partnerships with complementary organisation
The conservation, preservation and restoration of the buildings known as the Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings
To advance the education of the public into the industrial heritage of Shrewsbury and Shropshire with particular reference to the buildings known as the Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings,
Within Shrewsbury and surrounding areas, and for the benefit of all members of the community, to provide facilities for social welfare, learning and recreation and leisure-time occupation, to improve the conditions of life in that community,
To promote such other exclusively charitable purposes according to the Laws of England and Wales as the trustees shall think fit.
Get the magnificent Main Mill and historic buildings restored and revitalised as a vibrant sustainable entity.
Let people know about the physical and social heritage, excite them, stimulate them to want to learn more while learning ourselves. Develop a Centre of excellence that serves many audiences and demands their attention.
Provide facilities where people experience and learn interact; spend time, which adds value and a sense of wellbeing to all who get to know it.
To provide facilities whereby the local, and wider, community can become engaged with the site through a variety of learning, cultural, recreational and social activities.
Bring investment, jobs, visitors, tourists and regenerate a large part of Shrewsbury and the economy overall.
The Friends are working in partnership with Historic England and Shropshire Council to find a sustainable solution for the Flaxmill Maltings. Once the site becomes operational the Friends will manage the public and community areas within the site and the associated projects, activities and funding. It will be the catalyst for the area's wider regeneration and the site will once again become a vitally important local, regional and national landmark.
Tweets by @flax_maltings
Friends of the Flaxmill Maltings, Visitor Centre, Spring Gardens, Ditherington, Shrewsbury, SY1 2SZ
Charity no. 1144678, Company no. 7595500
Website donated by The Web Orchard


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HomeBlogAt Global Day of Action, Rep. Khanna Renews Support for War Powers Resolution to End War in Yemen
At Global Day of Action, Rep. Khanna Renews Support for War Powers Resolution to End War in Yemen
January 26, 2021 Blog, News, Videos
Rep. Ro Khanna (D-CA) renewed on Monday his support for introducing a War Powers Resolution with Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) aimed at stopping the war in Yemen.
The bombings in Yemen, led by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, have resulted in the deaths of 250,000 people — the worst humanitarian crisis in the world, according to the UN.
Rep. Khanna affirmed his commitment to working with Sen. Sanders on the War Powers Resolution, during a global rally of activists, lawmakers, and celebrities calling for an end to the war.
Monday's rally, led by the Yemeni Alliance Committee, Action Corps, CODEPINK, and Stop the War UK, included protests in more than 30 cities across the United States, Canada, and Europe.
About Suffering: A #Massacre of the Innocents in #Yemen https://t.co/0bqMG8ZzoP via @PalestineChron pic.twitter.com/1deJyoGtd2
— The Palestine Chronicle (@PalestineChron) January 24, 2021
More than 385 organizations across 25 countries took part in the demonstrations — the biggest international anti-war coordination since the campaign against the Iraq war.
"Ending this war and providing the relief that is necessary to civilians and Yemen has to be our highest priority," Rep. Khanna said.
"It has to be our highest priority across nationality, across religion, across party. I am committed to working with Senator Sanders and the Biden administration to bring this war to an end."
Also during the rally, MP Jeremy Corbyn announced that he had introduced an Early Day Motion opposing the British government's support for the war.
"Profits are being made from the killing of children, profits are being made from the destruction of an entire country," Corbyn said.
He called on citizens around the world to come together to end the war, "to oppose the rise of the far-right and racism all around the world, and bring people together in their quest for peace and ending poverty and the unity that will come from it."
Lindsey German, Convenor of Stop the War Coalition said:
"This conflict is hidden in the British media. It's hidden in the United States media. It's hidden in all those media because they don't want to tell the truth about what is happening."
Shireen Al-Adeimi, an Assistant Professor at Michigan State University, said that as a Yemeni-American, she was calling on President Biden to stop US support for the war, from the sharing of intelligence to arms sales.
"I call on President Biden to end every aspect of this war," Al-Adeimi said. "One day, Yemenis will have a chance to pick up the pieces and chart their own course, free of international meddling and intervention."
(For more information, please visit Stop the War Coalition)
Living Memory: A Visit to Northern Gaza City (PHOTOS)
Israeli Forces Demolish Mosque in Masafer Yatta
The Intercept: Largest US Labor Federation Tries to Block Affiliate's Endorsement of BDS
The leadership of the AFL-CIO – the largest labor federation in the United States – is trying to prevent one of its affiliates from voting on a resolution that condemns Israeli violence and endorses the […]
The Media Smoothed the Path to British Soldiers Using Corbyn as Target Practice
April 5, 2019 Articles, Commentary
It is time to stop believing these infantile narratives the British political and media establishments have crafted for us. Like the one in which they tell us they care deeply about the state of political […]
US Envoys Attend Opening of Controversial Archeological Site in Jerusalem
July 1, 2019 Blog, News
Two US envoys attended a controversial archaeological event organized by a Jewish settler-linked group in east Jerusalem on Sunday, their latest move breaking with precedent and angering Palestinians. White House adviser Jason Greenblatt and US ambassador […]


Conducting the coaching calls with the Top 15 NTCUE applicants has been both a rewarding and an inspiring experience. Each one came to the coaching session with passion, talent, and a forward-looking sense of accomplishment. The purpose of the first coaching call is to support the applicants in expressing his or her project, creating structures for success and sustainability, and connecting deeply felt passions to measurable and observable results for multiple stakeholders. They got this!
Two blended communication rubrics provided a framework for the coaching calls. One is a widely known methodology for goal setting: SMART, and the other, founded in communication theory, is called Mutual Commitment to Success (MCS).
Passion and volition for their projects are foundational. Any project, idea, or innovation requires commitment to the right action to ensure success and sustainability. After all, this competition is all about advancing the next generation of leaders.
SMART was used as a basic framework for transforming a great idea into an observable result. We started with the Specifics of the project: the specific goal and the need it serves or the opportunity it creates.
We discussed how their projects were Measurable, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Thus the coaching calls included a 360-degree view of all the stakeholders and how they each experience increased value because of the efforts of each applicant and his or her project. I heard well thought out plans from each applicant.
The applicants shared how their projects were to be Achieved, including the resources required and the order in which their priorities would need to be carried out to achieve success.
We brainstormed the layers of Relevance, and each applicant easily related his or her project's relevance in the context of the credit union, its membership, and the community.
The rubber hits the road with the action steps in the three Time frames: what has already been achieved, what's going on now with the project, and what the future road map looks like for the deliverables. Each applicant expressed clarity on the timeline and acknowledged potential bumps in the road. Regardless of the challenges or obstacles, the Top 15 remain steadfast in their passion and commitment to intentional action.
Lastly, the applicants explored the sustainability and replicability of their projects. That is, does the need for the project transcend time? Can other organizations easily adopt and adapt the project for their needs? What resources are needed over the various project phases, and what investments do they require? Is the project an offering outside of the credit union industry? Does the investment warrant the result?
The MCS Commitment to Action Model, uniquely offered by the DDJ Myers Leadership Institute, was also used in the coaching call. Basically observing the leadership presence of each applicant and his or her capacity, competency, reliability, and sincerity to be the Next Top Credit Union Executive who will represent the thousands of people in their generation of leadership in credit unions. Each one has a strong sense of self, a uniquely positioned offering, and a competitive edge that will make it difficult for all of you to select the Final 5!
Over the next three weeks, read their new blogs and view their videos and feel proud of these applicants. Your imagination and creative juices will flow just like mine! Each applicant has a lot to share with and offer to this world!


We were recently sent a rainbow cake pop kit from Funky Foods, you can see their website here.
The kit contained almost everything we would need to make cake pops, the only additions being butter and an egg. My daughter asked to do some baking one morning before nursery, so I thought this was the perfect kit to do just that with.
I hadn't ever made cake pops before, but I have always fancied making them. I assumed they would be a bit of a faff to make! We set everything out and took a look at the instructions. It was at this point that I realised that it might take quite a long time to make them. The whole process from start to finish was meant to take over two hours.
We got mixing. My daughter did a fantastic job of stirring and beating in the butter. I haven't really baked much with her because university timetables have meant that this year I have been unable to see her as much as before. It was really nice to be doing an activity together.
The cake came out of the oven absolutely perfect and we left it to cool down. Once it had cooled down, we then added the buttercream and formed balls on a tray. The tray then had to be put in the freezer, in order for it to cool enough to be usable in the next part of the process. Sadly at this point I had to take my daughter to nursery.
When I got home from nursery, I took the balls out of the freezer and followed the instructions to dip them into melted chocolate. The recipe made more balls than I thought it would, so I used some spare lolly sticks for the extras. I enjoyed decorating the cake pops, but found it incredibly hard to slide them into the foam. I would definitely recommend piercing the foam with a skewer or knife before trying to put the cake pop stick in there.
I was impressed with the end result, and they tasted really good. They didn't last very long in our house though, which was the only downside!
We had great fun making the cake pops. If you are looking for an activity to do with children, then I would advise you to do the first steps alone, and start from the point where you get the rolled up balls out of the freezer. At that stage there is no more waiting about or time for them to get bored. It's also the part which involves the most mess, so is definitely a bonus with most children!
The cake pop kit is available from Funky Foods and costs £12.99. We made 15 quite large cake pops with the kit, but I guess that depends on how well your cake rises as to how much cake you have to use.
Disclosure: We were sent the rainbow cake pop kit for the purpose of review. This had no impact on my post, which is honest and fair.


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Portland's Least Popular Food Carts
August 31, 2010 by Dave Leave a Comment
Earlier today I wrote about the Battle of the Portland Food Cart Apps: proprietary Microsoft product or home grown, community maintained Portland project?.
But I didn't mention my favorite local food cart project, which I can't recommend enough: Portland's Least Popular Food Carts
Purina Hipster Chow (SE 12th & Hawthorne)
Big-Buttocked Sandwiches (Now Family-Friendly!) (SW 3rd & Ash)
Heinrich's Inauthentic Thai Food (SW 10th & Alder)
The list is compiled by @thatBillOakley (who you should totally be following on Twitter already – unbelievably he's only got 112 followers as I type this!).
Battle of the Portland Food Cart Apps
August 31, 2010 by Dave 4 Comments
With much fanfare and media coverage Bing (Microsoft's latest attempt to challenge Google) in conjunction with Portland Monthly Magazine, has launched the Bing Food Cart Finder.
This "hyperlocal" site focuses just on Portland for now, featuring directions to over 250 local food carts, along with menus and reviews.
But if you've been paying attention, you probably know Portlanders already have at their disposal the formidable and invaluable Food Carts Portland website, which catalogs similar information for close to every single food cart in Portland (a lot more than 250 for sure).
The Bing Food Cart Finder, however, is best viewed as a mobile app – visit www.bingfoodcarts.com in your iPhone or Android web browser to check it out. Food Carts Portland (www.FoodCartsPortland.com), on the other hand, sports a mobile theme on a smart phone, but is not optimized for easy app-like navigation.
But there's another Portland Food Cart project in town: the Portland Food Carts Google map.
Anyone can contribute or update information, and unlike the Bing project, it's not proprietory. The data from the Google map was recently loaded into the PDXAPI site, so it is available to mobile app builders – there's already an iPhone app, a web interface, and an Android app is under construction.
Why does it matter? Well, the thing about open-contribution projects is that they can outlast the initial creator's interest or ability to maintain it. Maybe the staff at Bing (and their partner, Portland Monthly) will get bored with food carts in a year or two or decide maintaining this data isn't very profitable. What then? By contrast, the Google-hosted food cart map has outlived my own attention span several times over, but periodically someone else takes an interest and helps bring it up to date, and now another developer is actively building on top of it. The result is sometimes less glossy, but it's there, and continues to be useful to people who live in or visit Portland.
Read and find out more at spinnerin: Why contribute to a community project when you can build your own silo?
Tuesday Timbers Tidbits (08/31/2010)
The Portland Timbers followed up last Thursday's respectable 1-1 draw against Austin with a firecracker of a match on Sunday: a 3-0 drubbing of Crystal Palace Baltimore. Ryan Pore scored a goal in open play (as opposed to from the the penalty spot), and Bright Dike powered in a brace – his fifth and 6th goal in the last 7 games. All before the season's third sell out crowd (15,1418) at PGE Park.
How about some highlights?
The Timbers' next opponent is Puerto Rico, who they face on Thursday, September 2 2010 at 7pm, in the last ever USL Portland Timbers match at PGE Park – you won't want to miss it. Timber Jim's has a special request to fans:
Please bring a large Sunflower to this historic event.
At the 80th minute we will sing "You are my Sunshine" and display these tokens of our affection until the end of the match.
Sunflowers will be collected and given to players and coaches as the Timbers pass the Timbers Army.
In player news, Futty Danso has been called up by his national side – Gambia. Better know a Timber – Kevin Goldthwaite, at Dropping Timber. And also read Michael Orr's Return of Goldthwaite at FC Media – Kevin Goldthwaite is one of several players in Portland Timber history to have played more than once for the Portland Timbers over his career. And Matt Pyzdrowski gives us a Clean Sheet update.
And a project, spearheaded by volunteers, to create Google map Footie Fan Guide to Portland, OR, is making progress. Check out the map to find the places and businesses that matter most to the fans and the teams of professional and college soccer in and around Portland, Oregon.
September 2: Oregon Symphony Waterfront Concert, with Fireworks!
The Oregon Symphony 2010 Waterfront Concert takes place Thursday, September 2 2010.
At 5pm the Portland Youth Philharmonic performs, followed by the Oregon Symphony at 7pm. The performance includes a scene from The Sleeping Beauty featuring dancers from the Oregon Ballet Theatre.
The traditional grand finale is a performance of Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture with a fireworks show, which includes shots from military canons from the Oregon Army National Guard 218th Field Artillery.
The concert is free, and no tickets are required. Bring your lawn chairs and blankets to Tom McCall Waterfront Park and enjoy the show. Visit the Oregon Symphony event page for more details and program notes.
September 3: Cort and Fatboy's Midnight Movie: Ferris Bueller's Day Off
Go back-to-school 80s style. Cort and Fatboy's Midnight Movie for September 3rd 2010 is Ferris Bueller's Day Off.
The Back-To-School season is celebrated in a variety of ways: Parents get trashed off boxed wine after a hellish summer of rugrats knocking around the house. Kids pose and preen endlessly in front of their mirror after suckering said parents out of hundreds of dollars in ridiculous fashions that have a shelf-live about half as long as their attention spans. And while stores are advertising sales on Pee-Chees and Pencil Boxes, and Teachers are fitting themselves for hockey pads, we here at cortandfatboy.com are celebrating Back-To-School by championing one of the worst influences of the 80's as he plays the best game of hooky ever witnessed.
The Bagdad Theater (3702 SE Hawthorne) is the spot. Admission is $3.00, doors open at 10pm. The film starts at 11pm after a short trailer reel cobbled together from DVD's, old 80's TV ads, and various internet detritus deemed humorous enough.


Remember back during the 2016 campaign when the media couldn't stop covering Donald Trump? It hasn't really changed, has it? The press hasn't adapted much. Yes, there's a lot of content about how bad Trump is, and some of it is even policy-oriented, focusing on some of the more odious bits and pieces of the Trump tax plan. But this is having no impact on Trump's approval rating, which has hovered in the mid to upper 30s for most of the first year of his presidency–higher than the low 30s figures he suffered from throughout most of the 2016 campaign. Why is it that nothing the media says or does seems to seriously harm Trump?


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Solicitations for the U.S.A.F.'s Orbital Services Program (OSP)-4 Released by SMC
The U.S. Air Force's Rocket Systems Launch Program Office, part of the Space and Missile Systems Center's Launch Enterprise, released a solicitation for the Orbital Services Program-4 Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity contract today.
OSP-4 is a follow-on to the OSP-3 contract that is set to expire in November. OSP-4 will allow for the rapid acquisition of launch services to meet mission requirements enabling launch within 12-24 months from task order award on a competitive basis. It is designed to accommodate payloads greater than 400 lbs. The Air Force projects to procure about 20 missions over the nine year period.
Proposals are due by Aug. 29, 2019. The Air Force intends to award an IDIQ contract to multiple awardees by the end of the year with an opportunity to on-ramp new providers in future years.
Colonel Rob Bongiovi, director of SMC's Launch Enterprise, said the OSP-4 contract will build on SMC's Rocket Systems Launch Program's legacy of success dating back to the early 1960's by supporting Department of Defense and U.S. government agencies' small launch efforts for the next nine years. In today's contested space domain, contracts must be flexible and responsive to meet the challenges facing the warfighter. The program balances technology, mission risk, and schedule while leveraging rapidly evolving market forces to cultivate a resilient and affordable launch capability for U.S. government needs.i.
Lieutenant Colonel Ryan Rose, Chief of the Small Launch and Targets Division at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, added that the OSP-3 contract was very successful and served the Launch Enterprise well with five awarded missions. For example, partnerships with NOAA, NASA and academia launched 24 satellites using SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket. This mission demonstrated innovations, like reusability, from new entrants that could drive down the cost and enhance reliability of National Security Space launch. And later this year Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems will launch a National Reconnaissance Office payload using a Minotaur launch vehicle. OSP-4 will be equally successful as a showcase for industry innovation and a gateway to even more affordable space launch, because more risks can be taken, more quickly, to produce high rewards for the Launch Enterprise.
For all involved in the satellite and space industry and the various market segments that add value to these dynamic environments, the 2020 SmallSat Symposium is truly worth your consideration for attendance.
The 2020 SmallSat Symposium starts on February 3, 2020, with workshops, then the Conference runs February 4 to 6 at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, in the heart of Silicon Valley.
The SmallSat Symposium is hosted by Satnews Publishers which, since 1983, has been a provider of a satellite news, media and events. This information packed forum was created to enable you and your company to secure a larger portion of market share as well as to take part in the next stages of your company's or organization's growth.
The personal connections at the SmallSat Symposium enable attendees to network with established organizations, subject-matter experts as well as 'New Space' entrants.
The SmallSat Symposium will focus on new technologies and the business environment that is shaping the implementation of smallsat constellations, smallsat launchers, the challenges facing the smallsat developer and actors as well as the enormous benefits of these advanced technologies that will benefit our world.
This event assembles more than 100 diverse speakers, all of whom possess deep industry experience. Additionally, numerous opportunities exist to mingle and network with peers while enjoying exceptional, complimentary meals and refreshment breakfast.
Learn more at this direct link…


Max and Paddy, Keswick's canine ambassadors received an extra special Christmas present in the form of an award from Keswick Tourism Association.
Kerry Irving, owner of Max and Paddy, regularly posts pictures and videos of the pair around the Keswick area to their very own Facebook page (Max and Paddy Out In The Lake District). They have become so popular that they now have almost 75,000 followers who just love to see where they have been and what they have been up to. Many people from around the country and indeed the world have been inspired to visit this beautiful area as a result.
Max and Paddy's next charity walk will take place on 20th January in celebration of Paddys birthday and they will be raising money for Fix The Fells.


I would use a numbered variable.
So in the skin set a numbered variable starting with 0.
All the popups will have visible deselected so all hidden.
In the first popup use a visible logic block that when the variable = 1 visible is true.
The second popup will have the visible logic block that when the variable = 2 visible is true.
And so on, so you can have as many popups as you want.
The open popup button will have the action: mouse click, set variable value, 1.
So popup 1 will show. To hide you have a close button, this has the logic block, mouse click, set variable value to 0.
Of course if 1 is open, changing the variable to 2 will hide 1 and show 2.