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Master's in Management Programs in the UK
For years, the UK has been a popular destination for foreign students who wanted to study Master's in Management (MiM) programs and courses for other business masters.
Masters in Management(MiM) has a deep relationship with the continent of Europe, and the United Kingdom is one of the countries that boasts a large number of graduate schools. The UK is home to many of the best business schools in the world, after all.
This is coupled with the fact that UK is the second most preferred international study destination for students with more than 400,000 international students coming to study in the UK each year, so Master in Management Schools in the UK not only provides you with a strong educational foundation, but also offers a highly multicultural environment.
This varies depending on where you are studying in the UK. London and other major cities are the most expensive . The Institute provides detailed information on the cost of living, travel, accommodation and places to shop locally and is often also available on the website of your institution.
The average annual cost of living in England (outside of London) for students is about UK£12,000. If you wish to study in London, you should expect to pay about £14,000 ($20,200) for the same breakdown of goods and services.
Top Masters in Management Institutions in UK
Sr. No. School Name
1 London Business School
2 Imperial College Business School
3 Warwick Business School
4 City University: Cass
5 University of Edinburgh
10 University of Bradford
11 Alliance Manchester Business School
13 University of Bath
14 Aston Business School
15 University of Glasgow
Generic Eligibility criteria for students to pursue Master's degree in Management in UK is given below:
Management Aptitude Test- GRE/GMAT
Completed a bachelor's degree from a recognized University or Institute.
A professional RESUME/CV
Good language proficiency test scores in either IELTS or TOEFL or TOEIC. Typical requirement is of 6.5 bands or more in IELTS
Letter of Recommendation (minimum 2) from teacher or school counselor is compulsory to be submitted
Non-Refundable application fee (Varies from school to school)
Motivational Letter or Essays
Work experience in the relevant industry is preferred by some universities.
Career Opportunities after MiM
According to a 2014 employment statistics report cited on the HEC website, consultancy (37%) and finance (24%) are the two main sectors employing MiM degree holders. High-tech (8%), consumer goods and food (7%), manufacturing and services (6%), and advertising, leisure and tourism (5%) are the next major sectors.
MiM Graduates can expect entry-level roles such as Management Trainee, Financial Services Analyst, Graduate research analyst, etc. in mainly Consulting, Finance/Accounting, Sales/Marketing, Operations/Logistics in that order. MiM graduates mostly enter the Consumer Goods, Consulting or Financial Services/Banking Industry.
Also, top companies from many domains such as BCG, Mckinsey in Consulting, L'Oreal, LVMH, P&G in Marketing to BNP Paribas, KPMG in Finance are preferring MiM graduates because of the multidisciplinary skills they attain during their course.
Masters in management vs MBA
MIM in Australia
MIM in USA
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Crews battle church fire in Huntsville
By WAFF 48 Digital Staff
Published: Nov. 29, 2021 at 6:29 AM CST
HUNTSVILLE, Ala. (WAFF) - Fire crews are on the scene of a church fire in Huntsville Monday morning.
The fire happened on Governors Drive in Huntsville, according to Huntsville Fire officials. They say crews have been on the scene since 5:15 a.m. after a call from a worker at the business.
After crews arrived at the scene, they saw smoke and flames coming from the roof and needed to cut a hole in the roof to put out the fire. They believe the fire originated in the back of the church. Officials say the church sustained heavy damage on the backside of the building but luckily no one was injured.
Investigators are still trying to figure out what exactly started the fire. At this time we don't know if anyone was injured in the fire.
Copyright 2021 WAFF. All rights reserved.
One injured in Huntsville shooting, investigation underway
Huntsville Utilities alerts customers of scam
Madison County Sheriff's Office mourn the loss of their own
3 displaced in Saturday evening fire in Huntsville

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The company that evolved into Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. started in the late 1950s when Grumman Aircraft Engineering Co., a company known for military aircraft production, developed a marketable business aircraft at its manufacturing facilities in Bethpage, N.Y. The turbo-prop aircraft was named Gulfsteam I. The newly developed aircraft, the first of its kind designed specifically for business travel, was a success in the business world, prompting Grumman to develop a jet-powered corporate aircraft called the Gulfstream II. The GIII made its first flight in December 1979, with the first delivery of the aircraft occurring in 1980. In 1982 the company's name changed to Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. to reflect its worldwide scope, and a new plane, the Gulfstream IV was conceived. The Gulfstream V, the first ultra-long range business jet, was rolled out in 1995. At the end of the 1990s, General Dynamics, a giant in the defense industry, purchased Gulfstream. The G550 is the first civil aircraft to receive a Type Certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that includes an Enhanced Vision System (EVS) as standard equipment on an aircraft. The EVS is supplied by Marconi Avionics (now BAE Systems) in partnership with Honeywell.


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Tim and Eric Visit Newsworthy Ahead of Auckland Show, Throw Shrimp
Some of you will know Tim and Eric from Adult Swim – others will not.
They've been making some very surreal TV since the early 2000s.
They're mainly known in New Zealand thanks to five seasons of the TV show Tim and Eric Awesome Show Great Job!
Tim and Eric have become cult icons, developing a nightmarish editing style that's attracted other contributors like Jeff Goldblum and our own Flight of the Concords.
They're performing live at Auckland's SkyCity Theatre tomorrow night, bringing to the stage a variety of characters they've invented over the years.
Before that, they stopped by Newsworthy for a chat.
Watch the video for the full chat.


The raised cannon allows for sound to travel unobstructed to greater distances.
Rotation of the frame provides 360° coverage of your crops or control area.
The ZON Tripod raises and rotates cannons 4ft above the ground level projecting sound above your crops and other obstructions. The tripod legs are adjustable for placement on uneven and hilly ground. Each detonation pivots the cannon, allowing it to rotate 360 degrees, protecting a larger area than stationary units.


Andrew Root discusses the problem of identity in the digital age, and the prevalence of teen despair. Andrew writes for YouthWorker Journal and is Assistant Professor of Youth and Family Ministry at Luther Seminary in St. Paul, Minnesota. He is also the author of "Revisiting Relational Youth Ministry" (IVP) and "Relationships Unfiltered" (Zondervan).


El virus de la tristeza de los cítricos (CTV): desarrollo y aplicación de herramientas para establecer un sistema genético eficaz.
The common CTV isolates in Spain are not very aggressive and they only produce decline of varieties grafted on sour orange, while in other countries more virulent isolates that produce the seedling yellows (SY) and stem pitting syndromes (SP) in grapefruit or sweet orange prevail with independence of the rootstock used. The general objective of this thesis was the development of tools to control the most virulent isolates of CTV. To accomplish this, the development of an effective genetic system that allow the characterization of the genetic determinants of the symptoms of SY and SP has begun. To set up an effective genetic system that permit the identification of the pathogenicity determinants of the symptoms of SY and SP the aggressive Spanish isolate T318A (inductor of SY and SP) was used, that was characterized biological and molecularly. A peculiarity of this isolate is the presence in its population of defective RNAs of high size that possess capacity of autonomous replication. To evaluate the replicative ability of the cDNA clones it was developed a real-time RT-PCR assay using SYBR Green for specific and reliable quantitative detection of CTV in different citrus species and tissues infected with pathogenically distinct CTV isolates sampled from plants growing in the greenhouse or in the field. Also, to identify isolates potentially dangerous in the field (able to induce SP in grapefruit or sweet orange trees) a new protocol of real time RT-PCR was developed with three Taqman LNA probes that allow the detection and quantification of characteristic sequence variants of each of the three main CTV groups observed, that include mild, severe SP, and T36-like isolates, respectively (SY but non SP). Finally, in the development of a genetic system based on T318A, the agroinfiltration of these clones provided an efficient replication in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana although the accumulation of genomic RNA of T318A suggests that this isolate does not move to neighbouring cells neither it produces a systemic infection.


January — The Limbourg brothers from the Tres Riches Heures. Note the charming astrological capitol.
I hope the holiday season was a pleasant one for you.
As of today we are into the swing of the new year: already the bulbs at the end of the dining table — paper whites and hyacinths — have bloomed and their sharp green leaves are an augury of spring; my youngest went to school this morning with her apple polished and (most of) her homework done; and D (Jupiter in Pisces) has bought himself two pairs of shoes in the sales.
So it really is time to think of the year ahead, and leave behind what we can't fix from the detritus of 2014. Here are some suggestions for the year ahead – worth thinking about now, because some will take a little forward planning.
With Uranus, Jupiter and Saturn in fire signs, action is favoured this year even if you have nothing in Sagittarius, Aries or Leo. Fire is about intuition, inspiration and the hot flame of creativity. If you have a fiery chart, 2015 is an opportunity to break out, to express yourself in some way, to try something new; you won't have this kind of support again for a long time. And those of us lacking in fire can also plug into the heat and warmth of this energy. The combination of these three planets is hot with inspiration and excitement. Specifically favoured are sporting goals and creative adventures.
You have until June 15, when Saturn moves back into Scorpio. Then on August 11, Jupiter moves into earthy Virgo, and the fieriness really get turned down a notch.
Just because Neptune is going to be in Pisces for a long time, do not let this opportunity drift by. Neptune in Pisces adds emotion and intensity to all artistic experiences. Go to the theatre, go to the movies, go drink in some art. Maybe most of all completely immerse yourself every now and then in music this year. Make it a habit. Oh and put the bottle of bourbon down… OK maybe just a small one.
Saturn, the planet of rules, is moving from a fixed sign to a flexible one. This bendiness can be quite hard for the brittle old chap and he could take a while to adjust to the new freedoms of Sagittarius. Last time he was here was from late 1985 to early 1988, so do think about what happened during those years for you.
Meanwhile, there are some simple, positive ways to enjoy this energy. Saturn is all about commitment. And you could think about what Sagittarian things you'd like to spend time on. For example: wilderness, travel, adventure, contact with foreigners, religion or philosophy. Saturnian commitment cannot be bought; it's about putting in the hours. You have until December 2017, so you might want to think about signing up for a course that starts next academic year, since Sagittarius is also the sign of universities. Everyone should be renewing their library card.
Saturn is back in Scorpio from the end of June to mid September.
The asteroid of clean living, Hygeia, is spending a long time in the sign of the home, Cancer, this year. As of right now, she is at 9°Rx, but she will turn direct on February 23, and she won't leave the sign until the end of June. I'd suggest a mammoth spring clean for everyone in 2015. Hygeia's actually been in Cancer since August, so you've probably been working on this already. Those of you with plenty of Cancer in your charts may well be on a serious health drive/detox/anti-Candida diet, already. I'll be writing more about this soon, but I have noticed that the clean up may be emotional or even financial as well as just getting rid of those pesky germs.
Jupiter, the planet of luck, excess, bounty is in Leo, the most playful of signs, until the end of August. Leo, the sun child, asks us to find the joy in life. At his best, the Lion explores this through play, dressing up, acting, creating drama. If you are stuck in a rut, Jupiter asks you to rise gently in a vast helium balloon of your own imagination. Leo is also about being here now, trying to live right in the moment, like a child or a method actor. The best way to use this energy even if you haven't a hint of Leo in your chart is by making sure that you play in 2015.


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Who is Dr. Sylvia Earle of Seaspiracy?
Kriti Mehrotra
Netflix's 'Seaspiracy' is a documentary that began as a simple project for filmmaker Ali Tabrizi to explore his passion for the ocean. As time passed by, though, his point that humans harm the marine species shifted to the seemingly unending global corruption within the fishing industry. To put it all into perspective, he even interviewed several professionals who've been looking into the matter for years, including one of his childhood heroes, Dr. Sylvia Earle. So, let's find out all that there is to know about her, shall we?
Who is Dr. Sylvia Earle?
Born on August 30, 1935, in the Gibbstown part of Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, Dr. Sylvia Earle is a well-known marine biologist, explorer, oceanographer, author, and lecturer. Growing up as the second of three children with parents who loved the outdoors, it wasn't surprising when Sylvia developed a taste for the natural world quite early on in her life. Therefore, when her family moved to an ambient waterfront property in Dunedin, Florida, the then-12-year-old Sylvia began exploring the nearby salt marshes and sea-grass beds.
Sylvia Earle received an associate degree from St. Petersburg Jr. College before majoring in Botany from Florida State University, graduating in 1955. From there, she went on to earn a Master's degree and worked on a thesis, completing her Ph.D. on the subject in 1966. Having first learned how to deep-sea dive while attending FSU, Dr. Sylvia's post-graduate work was a mixture of groundbreaking research and oceanographic exploration. In fact, her efforts here led her to begin a long-lasting association with the National Geographic Society to produce books and films about lives in the ocean.
In the ensuing years, Dr. Sylvia became a curator and research biologist at the California Academy of Sciences. Subsequently, in the early 1980s, she co-founded Deep Ocean Engineering and Deep Ocean Technology to design, operate, support, and consult on projects involving piloted and robotic subsea systems. In 1992, to further advance marine engineering, Dr. Sylvia founded Deep Ocean Exploration and Research (DOER). And as if all this wasn't enough, from 1990 to 1992, she also served as the Chief Scientist at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Nicknamed "Her Deepness," in 1998, Dr. Sylvia became the first female Explorer-in-Residence for the National Geographic Society. She has a log of more than 7,000 hours spent underwater. Throughout her career, Dr. Sylvia has penned over 150 scientific papers and books, including 'Dive!: My Adventure in the Deep Frontier' (1999), 'Hello, Fish!: Visiting the Coral Reef' (2001), 'The Sweet Spot in Time. Why the Ocean Matters to Everyone, Everywhere' (2012), and 'Blue Hope: Exploring and Caring for Earth's Magnificent Ocean' (2014). You can also find Dr. Sylvia making appearances in many sea-related documentaries.
Despite being named "Hero for the Planet" by Time magazine, being a pioneer in the use of self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, setting a world record for the deepest untethered dive, and leading more than a hundred deep-sea expeditions, it seems like Dr. Sylvia Earle's most proud accomplishment is that she is the founder of Mission Blue. Also known as the Sylvia Earle Alliance, Deep Search Foundation, and Deep Search, Mission Blue is an organization that aims to inspire action to explore and protect the ocean. After all, Dr. Sylvia says that "the ocean is the cornerstone of our life support system."
Read More: What Happened to Keith Davis and Gerlie Alpajora?


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Golf Cheapskate
Golfing Tips
How to Break 80 in Golf?
Golfing Tips / By Garratt Shmidt
Breaking 80 is something that many golfers strive for since it signifies they are coming closer to scoring in the 70s.
1 What Does Breaking an 80 Mean Exactly?
2 How to Break 80 in Golf?
2.1 Warm Up Before Playing
2.2 Put In Plenty of Practice
2.3 Master the Wedge
2.4 Spend More Time on Putting
2.5 Take Note of Distances and Percentages
2.6 Save the Bogeys
2.7 Take Weather Conditions Into Account
3 Don't Think About It Too Much?
Learning how to break 80 in golf is a lot easier than you think when you break it down, but it does involve more than just a strong swing and a little luck.
You'll need a plan to help you navigate the course with each stroke.
Here is what you should know about breaking 80 in golf.
What Does Breaking an 80 Mean Exactly?
Since the majority of professional golfers, with a few exceptions, consistently shoot considerably below 80, shooting 80 or less is a great achievement for amateurs.
When Tiger Woods won the 9–10 age division at the Junior World Golf Championships in 1984, he broke 80 for the first time. He was just eight years old.
Tiger shot an 81 at the 2002 Open Championship, the first time as a professional golfer he failed to break 80.
When Rory McIlroy shot an 80 in the final round of the Masters competition in 2011, despite being in first place after the third round, it was one of the failures to break 80 that received the most attention.
Here are some tips and tricks which will help increase your chances of breaking 80 in golf.
Warm Up Before Playing
It's difficult to shoot low scores if you don't warm up for at least 20 minutes before hitting the first tee. So, plan ahead and arrive at least 45 minutes before the tee time.
After you've paid and loaded the cart, do some golf stretches to familiarize yourself with the greens and loosen up your body.
The purpose of a pre-round warm-up is not to modify your swing or to try out new techniques. It's all about loosening up and getting ready for the first hole.
Shot some chips and putts after you've hit 20 to 30 balls. Learn the pace of the greens by practicing a variety of putt lengths. Spend 15 minutes on the range and 15 minutes chipping and putting if you have 30 minutes.
Put In Plenty of Practice
Hours of practice are the finest foundation for playing a solid game of golf. You don't need to spend money on new equipment, but you do need to make the most of the time you spend on the golf course.
This means you must approach each exercise with a clear goal in mind. Take the time to understand how to practice golf properly, and your scores will improve.
Master the Wedge
If you're like most golfers, you've got three or four wedges in your bag. The most important thing to remember is how far you hit each wedge.
You should aim to have a full distance and a 34-yard distance where you choke up the club by an inch or two.
At the range, concentrate on hitting different distances and experimenting with different ball flights.
By knowing how to hit each distance from 125 and in, it will allow you to make more birdies and save more pars.
Spend More Time on Putting
If you want to break 80 quickly, focus on your putting more than anything else. The fringe and green account for over 40% of all of your shots.
However, most amateur golfers avoid putting practice entirely.
Instead, devote as much time as possible to putting drills and perfecting your putting routine. According to research, it is most useful to practice from 4-15 feet and 25 feet or more.
Take Note of Distances and Percentages
Because you're now scoring in the 80s, it's reasonable to presume you're familiar with your distances and percentages.
If you want to break 80, you need to comprehend these concepts better.
You should be aware of your average distance with each club as well as your maximum distance.
Your percentages are equally vital, which means you should know how frequently you hit each club properly and how frequently you hit your selected shot well.
Save the Bogeys
Learning how to break 80 in golf is about making fewer huge numbers rather than more low scores.
When aiming to break 80, double and triple bogeys will ruin your round.
What is the most effective strategy to save bogeys? It all comes down to course management and clever play. Let's look at a handful of instances.
Assume you drive into the woods. You have two alternatives. Try punching it to the green or chipping it back to the fairway.
The punch shot may help you preserve par, but it is hazardous and may result in a double bogey or worse.
You can make an easy bogey if you chip it back to the fairway.
You're struggling on a hole and face a difficult 25-foot par putt. You may go for it and risk 3-putting, or you can lag it near to the hole for an easy bogey.
Take Weather Conditions Into Account
We all know that you don't always have the option of choosing your golf days. However, if you have considerable leeway, look for a prognosis that is suitable for scoring.
Soft greens might appear the day following a big rain. Avoid windy days as well if you can.
Don't Think About It Too Much?
Stop thinking about breaking 80. It may sound foolish, but it is one of the finest things you can do.
If you go onto the first tee with the intention of breaking 80 or shooting your greatest score ever, you've already lost.
For the vast majority of golfers, this will increase pressure and make your nerves considerably more sensitive and tense during the already challenging game.
Those were just some of the great tips and tricks out there that you can use to increase your chances of breaking 80 in your next game of golf.
As much as practice, skill, and luck come into play, it is also very important that you gain control of your mental attitude towards breaking 80.
This is because if you spend too much time thinking about breaking 80 as you go about the golf course, the chances are that you will lose focus on the current shot that you are trying to make and the added pressure could turn a great game into a stressful one full of silly mistakes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nIvYm2T1ss
Video can't be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: How to Break 80 – FORGET what you know – 666 Process Based Thinking To Break 80 (Thai Country Club) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nIvYm2T1ss)
Garratt Shmidt
Golf is one of the most relaxing, enjoyable hobbies out there, and anyone who gets into it falls in love with it. What are you waiting for?
Hi, my name is Garratt Shmidt and I have been playing golf in my spare time for almost a decade.
Before I found a passion for golf, I didn't see the appeal. I thought it was slow, repetitive, and quite frankly boring.
Latest posts by Garratt Shmidt (see all)
Can You Bring Your Own Clubs To Topgolf? - November 15, 2022
How Wide Is A Golf Cart? - November 15, 2022
How Long Does 9 Holes Of Golf Take? - November 15, 2022
How To Break 90 Golf
What Is An Eagle In Golf?
What Is An Albatross In Golf?
How Much Does A Decent Set Of Golf Clubs Cost?
What Is A Good Golf Score?
15 Best Nike Golf Clubs
How to Hit a Stinger?
What Is An Ace In Golf? Explained
How Much Should You Spend On Golf Balls?
What Is A Double Eagle In Golf?
Can You Bring Your Own Clubs To Topgolf?
How Wide Is A Golf Cart?
How Long Does 9 Holes Of Golf Take?
How To Hit A Golf Ball Straight
What Is A Wedge?
How To Put Clubs In A Golf Bag
Does John Daly Use A Cart?
What Is A Fore Caddy?
How Much To Regrip Golf Clubs?
What Is A Smash Factor?
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Copyright © 2023 Golf Cheapskate


Is there any commercial drug or chemical which limits or removes fear in a human mind? Apart from obvious ones like alcohol and LSD.
I'm looking for something which allows clarity of mind even while on this drug. Does it even exist?
I would very much suggest psychology research, rather than drug therapy, from my own personal observation of how stress, anxiety, and trauma are processed and managed.
Any specific study that would aid me in my research?
I am unaware of any drug that specifically reduce the effects of fear within the bounds of what you have set. Frankly I am not sure you would want to, fear is a great tool for the human mind to have. Fear of pain has saved my bacon more than once. Now if you would like to reduce the effects of anxiety there are some options that aren't strictly chemically related. TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) has shown some evidence of treating anxiety with repeated treatments.
Yeah. You know a really interesting field to check out is sensory psychology. It's really heavy on physiology and objective measures. I've long thought that grinding is dropping the ball in the psychological domain. There a lot of potential in things like biofeedback, memory techniques and the like.
Fear is too much of a high level function to treat pharmacologically really. It has a lot of components that aren't physiological. I mean, anxiety is one aspect but even benzodiazapenes don't touch existential dread or like an identity crisis. There are drugs that can stop fear though.. theyre called anesthetics. If you're unconscious you show none of the behaviors associated with fear.
I'm not sure if inhibiting fear is a good thing. Fear is a natural response to threats, and is necessary for the most part so your mind and body can make decisions in a timely and effective manner.
I have heard of treatments which temporarily eliminated fear so people could overcome phobias. I have unsuccessfully looked for the video of it in action. During that time, people were given a dose, then exposed to their trigger and coaxed to interact. The example I remember was an arachnophobe holding a fuzzy tarantula. The person looked uneasy but she or he was not freaking out. I don't know if multiple treatments were necessary but many of the subjects reported that their phobia was no longer a detriment to their lives.
For all I know, the folks were just stoned off their gourds so it wouldn't be something you would be functional for. I don't know if this applies to what you're after. If anyone remembers the video I'm thinking of, post a link. I would appreciate it.
I've heard that even after it has worn off, the drug in magic mushrooms decreases the patient's fear of harm. Cannot confirm though, I haven't researched it at all.
Tramadol helps with anxiety and fears. I used to take it and can confirm.
> Tramadol helps with anxiety and fears. I used to take it and can confirm.
PCP eliminates fear and certain sensations of pain but I'm pretty sure that option isn't preferred. Imo, I don't think eliminating fear is a good idea, fear necessary for survival and prevents someone from making brash decisions that could lead poor outcomes. But it's your choice on what you need to do.
To remove fear, Old Norse warriors used fly agarics and became berserks.


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Author: Hari
December 18, 2020 Hari Comments 2 comments
I am not a big fan of touch screen devices for input. I may be old school, but I think touch should not be a primary mode of input for any reasonably complex computer with a small display area (which most smart phones/tablets are). Touch input is best used for simple menu based information retrieval systems where the screen has a grid of large icons and at best, require simple numeric input occasionally. Unfortunately the smart phone revolution has ensured that touch input has become the norm on mobile devices. On-screen text entry methods are not ergonomic and quite inefficient for typing large amounts of text by design, because these devices are primarily meant for voice/video communication, portability, and consumption of information and entertainment, not content creation.
But using a powerful smartphone/tablet just for communication, information or entertainment consumption seems to be a gross under-utilization of their computing power. As I pointed out in an earlier post, apps like Collabora Office allow mobile devices to become reasonable productivity devices. Both Android and iOS have a wide variety of productivity apps for note taking, photo-editing, digital painting, music composition and much more.
There are, of course, some common alternatives to touch input on mobile devices. In this article, I'll explore some of their advantages and limitations.
Passive styluses
Passive styluses are simple, cheap alternatives to using a stubby finger on small screens. But they are just that: finger substitutes. They need a reasonable contact area with the screen which makes them not quite accurate for touching an exact point on the screen. Besides, stylus touch is not recognized as any different from using bare finger/hand touch, so if you plan to draw or write using a stylus, then you have to make sure your palm and fingers are off the device surface to avoid unwanted input. To me, styluses are a fairly comfortable alternative to using bare fingers for basic user-interface functions like swiping, scrolling, mark-making and on-screen keyboard input on smaller screens for fat-fingered folk.
Advantages: very cheap and usable on all capacitive touch screen devices.
Disadvantages: almost as inaccurate as using finger for touch input; not distinguished as a distinct input type by the device.
Active pens
"Active" pens are a more recent technology as far as touchscreen mobile devices are concerned. The most famous examples are the Apple Pencil (1st and 2nd generation) and the Samsung Galaxy S-Pen. Of course, there are quite a few third party active pens for supported Android tablets and Apple iPads. The distinguishing feature of active pens are that their input is treated as distinct from actual touch input thus allowing for touch rejection/palm rejection when they are in use. They are usually battery powered and use bluetooth/NFC technology to communicate with the devices. Their biggest advantage is that they are small-tipped and allow accurate and smooth writing on the screen, meaning that they are practical for note-taking and also doodling/drawing.
Of course, with some active styluses like the Apple Pencil and Samsung's S-Pen you get extra features like pressure-sensitivity and tilt-sensitivity, making these pens useful for digital painting and artwork with apps like Procreate[1] and AutoDesk SketchBook[2].
Advantages: very accurate, allowing for short note taking and doodling/drawing apart from substituting for the basic touch operated functions; treated as distinct input from touch allowing for additional features like touch/palm rejection while in use and pressure sensitivity and tilt sensitivity.
Disadvantages: usually expensive; specific to devices that support them only; battery operated and thus require recharging from time to time; pen tips are subject to wear and tear and may require replacement after prolonged usage.
External Keyboards
External keyboards for mobile devices fall into three categories: wireless (bluetooth), wired and proprietary. Bluetooth keyboards are less expensive, more common and made by numerous third parties and work with Android, iOS and even Windows devices. Compact wired USB keyboards that can be plugged into Android devices with USB ports are available, but these are rarer these days. Specialized keyboards with proprietary connectors made for specific hardware like the Apple Smart Keyboard which work only for Apple iPads are quite expensive. The best choice in my opinion is bluetooth, since bluetooth works with most devices. In this segment, there are quite a few external keyboards which come with integrated protective cases for specific model of tablets which make them convenient to put away safely with the device when not in use.
Advantages: allow for more comfortable typing than on-screen keyboards, making longer text entry more ergonomic and efficient for things like e-mail composition and shorter documents.
Disadvantages: are quite cramped compared to full sized desktop or laptop keyboards; bluetooth keyboards require pairing and consume battery power, so require regular recharging; external keyboards, however small or lightweight, make mobile devices just a bit less portable.
Voice input/dictation
Voice input/dictation mode has become popular with the increasing computing power of mobile devices. But having used voice input a few times, I can say that voice recognition is still a bit faulty and voice input is unsuitable in noisy environments and also environments where you are not expected to disturb those around you, like open office environments. I personally haven't much use for voice input, but I think it's a convenient method both for recording short snippets of information in the form of voice memos or for dictating short e-mail messages or SMSes. A third common use for voice input is voice commands using tools like Siri and Google Assistant for common tasks.
Advantages: No external physical device required, hence zero cost; convenient for voice commands for common device actions and dictation of short e-mails/messages.
Disadvantages: Unsuitable in noisy environments and in environments where speaking aloud will cause disturbance to others.
While I've covered the common methods of input in mobile devices, I believe heavy-duty input is still a big issue in mobile devices, with or without external accessories. Long form text entry is the biggest issue and only external keyboards resolve the issue to some extent. While text input through touch can be slightly improved using third party apps to replace the in-built traditional QWERTY layout on-screen keyboards, having to use touch itself is an ergonomic problem that cannot be resolved in software.
If at all you plan to use a tablet or mobile device for regular long form text entry, the best choice remains a cheap external bluetooth keyboard. Passive styluses are best for fat-fingered people who just want a more elegant touch input method. Specialized and more expensive devices such as active pens make no sense for long form text entry despite text-recognition technologies like Apple Scribble. Their use case is taking short handwritten notes, marking up PDF documents and doodling/painting.
paid software, iOS/iPadOS only[↩]
free, available for both Android and iOS/iPadOS[↩]
November 24, 2020 Hari Comments 2 comments
Of late, I've been doing quite a bit of photography with my mobile, earlier on my old iPhone 5s and now on my new Samsung Galaxy M31s, a decent mid-range Android phone. Though I appreciate the advances in mobile photography in recent times, it's obvious that there are quite a few limitations with mobile devices, some of them practically impossible to overcome. But before getting into the article, here are a couple of photos I've recently taken with my Samsung M31s from which it's obvious that mobile photography has come a long way in terms of photographic quality as well as creative control.
Macro mode on the Samsung Galaxy M31s – a dedicated macro lens allows for some creative control otherwise not possible on mobile cameras
64 MP primary camera test – the ability to capture so many pixels allows for a fair bit of cropping
As you can see, mobile phones these days come with extra lenses (and sensors) for additional creative control, like dedicated macro and wide angle lenses. With increasingly higher megapixels, techniques like pixel-binning are being used to increase image quality. Some years ago, such features would be almost unimaginable from a mid-range mobile phone. With effects like artificial blurring of backgrounds for the (not quite as natural) bokeh effect, auto-HDR, and creative instant filters and you've got a pretty decent package.
But coming to the main point of this article: what are the limitations of a mobile camera as a photography device; or to put it differently, under what circumstances would I not consider using a mobile camera?
Lack of optical zoom
This is the most obvious drawback of mobile devices — lack of (optical) zoom[1]. While a few very rare mobile models with an optical zoom barrel do exist, the fixed wide-angle lens on most mobile cameras makes it almost impossible to get clear and well framed shots of distant subjects. While prime-lens enthusiasts may disagree, zoom is a versatile photographic technique, the lack of which cuts out a whole range of subjects and creative control.
Poor low light performance
Despite so many advancements in image processing technology, one cannot get past the fact that minuscule sensors paired with tiny lenses can only capture so many photons. It's obvious that mobile cameras, even the high end ones, struggle with low light performance because of this factor, the two biggest problems being high-ISO noise or softening of detail due to aggressive noise reduction applied by the camera processor and blur caused by camera shake due to slow shutter speeds. While it's possible to get decent night shots with some mobiles, the quality is nowhere close to those captured with an APS-C DSLR/mirrorless camera, let alone full-frame ones. For people who love to photograph indoors or in low natural light, particularly past sunset, mobile cameras can seem very limiting.
Lack of manual controls
I know that there are camera apps which expose some manual settings in device cameras, but this is the second biggest limitation in mobile photography. While it's nice to be able to shoot in Auto mode occasionally with a proper camera, what really makes photography interesting is the ability to experiment with settings like manual focus, aperture, shutter speed, exposure compensation, ISO sensitivity etc[2]. With the small-sized sensors and fixed lenses, mobiles cannot do much even with such control of settings, but the lack of control takes away quite a bit of experimentation with, for example, depth of field, slow shutter speed, long exposures and so on. And even with mobile camera apps that offer manual control over settings, touch screen controls are just not ergonomic enough to use quickly and effectively.
Other drawbacks
There are other significant requirements which only proper (SLR-like) cameras can fulfill, like the ability to accurately track focus on moving subjects (for example, in Sports and wildlife photography), a much higher dynamic range, fast burst mode, ability to shoot RAW, using external flash, the versatility of being able to use different lenses for different purposes, using physical filters and so on. Of course, not everybody requires all features of a full-featured SLR-like camera, but most enthusiast photographers appreciate quite a large subset of the available features, even if they don't reach out to use them all the time.
For the reasons I've mentioned, particularly the physical limitation of small sensor-lens combinations, I think it's next to impossible that mobile photography will significantly affect the popularity of advanced point-and-shoot and SLR-like cameras among the enthusiast crowd who find these limitations unacceptable.
The one significant reason for me to cheer the advancement of mobile photography technology is that mobiles are almost always with us while we cannot always carry along a camera wherever we go, and this allows us to take photos that we would otherwise miss. Capturing those moments in super-high quality is icing on the cake.
The so-called digital zoom offered by many phone cameras is not zoom at all[↩]
Even most budget point and shoot cameras lack fine grained control like aperture priority, shutter priority and full manual modes[↩]
Criminal original jurisdiction of High Courts in India
Scales of Justice
With the recent sensational arrest and detention of prominent journalist Arnab Goswami, and his subsequent interim application for release on bail being rejected by the Bombay High Court, I thought this would be an opportune moment to write a little piece on the criminal original jurisdiction exercised by our High Courts. Original jurisdiction means jurisdiction exercised by the High Courts wherein Petitions are filed directly before the High Court, and not as appeals/revisions from lower courts' orders.
The law that governs the jurisdiction of the High Courts is of course, the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973, though in some circumstances the High Courts can also exercise jurisdiction under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India which concern writ and supervisory jurisdictions respectively. More particularly, in the case of exercising power under the Constitution, the High Courts can issue writs of Habeas Corpus when a person is held in illegal custody by any person or persons, including the police/state. But since the writ and supervisory jurisdiction of the High Courts, even when they involve criminal matters, are generally not considered to be an exercise of criminal original jurisdiction, I'll limit myself to the commonly exercised powers of the High Courts under the Criminal Procedure Code[1], which I'll refer to as the Code from here on.
Bail under Section 439
When a person is arrested and detained either under police or judicial custody, he/she can approach either the High Court or a Court of Sessions for bail under this section. High Courts are empowered to grant bail, conditionally if necessary, under Section 439(1)(a) of the Code. The section states:
439. Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail.
(1) A High Court or Court of Session may direct-
(a) that any person accused of an offence and in custody be released on bail, and if the offence is of the nature specified in subsection (3) of section 437, may impose any condition which it considers necessary for the purposes mentioned in that sub- section;
Source: https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1290514/
So, a petition for bail can be filed under Section 439 either before the High Court or the Court of Sessions. Conditions may be imposed if the offence is of the nature specified in Section 437(3), that is, for any offence carrying a maximum punishment of seven years or more. Bails for serious offences are usually granted with conditions. Conditions imposed on the Petitioner generally are (i) visiting the local police station periodically and signing a register (ii) cooperating with the police investigation when called upon to do so, and (iii) not leaving the jurisdiction in which he/she is residing without taking permission from the Court and so on. Unconditional bails are rarer, but are granted when it is shown that there is no prima-facie case against the Petitioner.
Anticipatory bail under Section 438
This section provides for the grant of what is popularly known as "anticipatory bail", but this phrase is not actually used in the Act. Here is the wording of Section 438(1):
438. Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest.
(1) When any person has reason to believe that he may be arrested on an accusation of having committed a non- bailable offence, he may apply to the High Court or the Court of Session for a direction under this section; and that Court may, if it thinks fit, direct that in the event of such arrest, he shall be released on bail.
This section actually states that the High Court may pass an order that if the Petitioner is arrested in the future, he/she shall be released on bail, subject to conditions. Section 438(2) states the conditions which may be imposed by the High Court:
(2) When the High Court or the Court of Session makes a direction under sub- section (1), it may include such conditions in such directions in the light of the facts of the particular case, as it may think fit, including-
(i) a condition that the person shall make himself available for interrogation by a police officer as and when required;
(ii) a condition that the person shall not, directly or indirectly, make any inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted with the facts of the case so as to dissuade him from disclosing such facts to the Court or to any police officer;
(iii) a condition that the person shall not leave India without the previous permission of the Court; (iv) such other condition as may be imposed under sub- section (3) of section 437, as if the bail were granted under that section.
As you can see, this bail order comes into force from the moment of arrest of the Petitioner. As with bail, conditions may be imposed by the High Court or Court of Sessions. These additional conditions may be imposed to ensure that the Petitioner cooperates with the police investigation and also does not leave India without getting permission from the Court. In fact, High Courts have wide discretion to impose any condition that it deems fit and proper in the circumstances of the case.
Inherent powers under Section 482
This is a catch-all section which grants inherent powers to the High Court to make any order to give effect to the provisions of the Code, to prevent abuse of the process of Court and in the interests of justice. The provision is reproduced below:
482. Saving of inherent powers of High Court. Nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or affect the inherent powers of the High Court to make such orders as may be necessary to give effect to any order under this Code, or to prevent abuse of the process of any Court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice.
Under this section, the High Court can pass any order in any criminal case, including but not limited to, directing the police to register a complaint, quash complaints which are obviously mala fide, transfer the case to CID, CBI or other agencies, modify or relax bail conditions, and so on. However, in exercising jurisdiction under this provision, High Courts are generally very cautious to ensure that the powers of lower Courts and investigating agencies are not unnecessarily interfered with.
As can be seen, the High Court can be approached for bail, anticipatory bail or any other kind of miscellaneous orders in respect of criminal cases at different stages. I have not gone in-depth into any single aspect or even covered all the possibilities, because the law is an ocean and I can only take a small dip into it with a cup.
I'm not going into the administrative and procedural provisions of Cr.P.C. relating to the powers of the High Court. There are a huge number of provisions in the Cr.P.C. dealing with the powers of the High Court which is beyond the scope of this article[↩]
Static vs dynamic personal blogs and interacting with readers
November 5, 2020 Hari Comments 4 comments
In this day and age when the average internet user's online presence is mostly restricted to social media sites where the main form of interaction is clicking/tapping on "like" and "fave" buttons on a mobile screen, having an online identity like your own website seems like an extravagance, particularly when you choose to own a domain name and pay for hosting. But there are still many of us who remember a time before social media took over the online landscape and personal sites/blogs were still in vogue. There are a surprising number of people who still blog regularly, though the visibility of the blogging landscape has shrunk, mainly due to the focus on big-brand social platforms.
One of the fundamental decisions when you decide to create a website is whether to make it a static content site[1] or a dynamic site[2]. My brother has written a good article on this subject, in which he explains the pros and cons of each approach. He himself chose to create a static website which is generated offline through a website generation tool.
For this website, I chose to use WordPress, a popular dynamic blogging platform rather than create or generate a site with static pages. Why? Because I think interacting with readers is a big deal and having the ability to receive and record comments on-site is a better way to engage with readers than through social media. I understand that the modern approach to user interactivity is to outsource comments and likes to social media and going with the flow, but I feel that there is some value in having comments and interaction on the site itself. Not only is it easier to follow the discussion which is on the same page as the content, but it also preserves and focuses the discussion in a way that social media cannot. And this way, the website or blog owner has full editorial and moderation control which is lost when the discussion is moved off-site.
I know it's hard to get readers to engage in this way these days and it does feel like an uphill battle having to maintain a commenting system, especially when it comes to fighting spam. But still, for whatever it is worth, I choose to keep that option open and encourage readers to comment on this blog. Good, thoughtful comments add immense value to content and I would prefer such feedback to a hundred likes on FaceBook any day.
pure static content, no server side scripting or interaction with the user[↩]
pages are dynamically generated and served on request, and allows user interactivity[↩]
The non-content of the Internet
Beware, this is a bit of a rant.
Today I clicked on "Pocket", Mozilla's built-in content aggregator and offline reader which is sneakily advertised in Firefox. Then found this apparently "Pocket-worthy" article among others. From its very title, I knew that it was one of those empty "non-content" articles — where a bunch of inane, rehashed, impracticable, theoretical, unoriginal, insipid and clichéd ideas written in an impersonal, often corporatey style are presented as fresh, thought-provoking, intelligent and original.
This is not about Mozilla Pocket. It's not even about that particular article that I linked to which seems to be a bit more intelligently written than your average click-bait spam. It's about that kind of article with that kind of title. Here are a couple of paragraphs from the linked article I'll leave you with, to illustrate my point:
Everyone is different: not better, not worse, just different. Appreciate the differences instead of the shortcomings and you'll see people—and yourself—in a better light.
Don't let your fears hold you back. Whatever you've been planning, whatever you've imagined, whatever you've dreamed of, get started on it today.
Source: https://getpocket.com/explore/item/10-things-incredibly-likable-people-never-ever-do-and-why-you-love-them-for-it
So deep, original, thought-provoking and inspirational! 😮 Sarcasm aside, those vacuous sentences tell you nothing about the author's personal experience, has no unique perspective or viewpoint, nothing that shows that the author cared much about the topic except to make up yet another top ten list. Typical of the kind of non-content I'm talking about.
Don't get me wrong: I have no problem with low quality content however badly presented provided at least a bit of the author's personality and originally comes through. I don't even have a problem with bland generic stuff like the content linked above.
Seriously, what's annoying is that this kind of rich-on-keyword non-content is still quite popular with search engines and often takes precedence over real worthwhile, quality material. Let's say for example that I really wanted to research how successful and likeable people behave. Instead of getting linked to actual, objective research on the subject, an expert opinion or even a more thoughtful and original take on the subject, I am forced to wade through several such spammy click-bait links before coming across something of value.
FaceBook and other social media sites are already full of non-content pages, memes, images and videos. But far too often, web pages with click-baity titles looking to generate ad-revenue, sell you an e-book and/or make you subscribe for premium content appear too high on search results.
It's not a coincidence that such (non-)content is usually created or copied by persons or entities in the business of "making money online" for as long as I can remember. I can well understand why: it is cheap, easy, low effort investment — a website with basic SEO, the right keywords for search engines to pick up and index, click-bait titles and you've got a steady stream of traffic and potential ad revenue. If it didn't work, obviously the Internet wouldn't be full of them, hogging precious search engine visibility.
WordGrinder – a distraction free open source word processor
October 31, 2020 Hari Comments 6 comments
A long time back, when I was writing a novel[1], I discovered WordGrinder, a console word processor that's designed to string prose together without any distraction. In the creator's own words:
WordGrinder is a word processor for processing words. It is not WYSIWYG. It is not point and click. It is not a desktop publisher. It is not a text editor. It does not do fonts and it barely does styles. What it does do is words. It's designed for writing text. It gets out of your way and lets you type.
The author wrote it to have something to write novels on.
Source: http://cowlark.com/wordgrinder/index.html
In my experience WordGrinder is quite as effective as advertised. I certainly managed to grind out many more chapters using WordGrinder than using LibreOffice Writer. There's something strangely relaxing about typing away into a black console screen without menus, toolbars, widgets, context menus and other GUI distractions. Sadly my novel remains incomplete to this day, but that's my own fault, not WordGrinder's.
A screenshot of XWordGrinder on my Debian system
While WordGrinder is deceptively simple to use, just below the surface tucked away in a useful menu, it does expose features like semantic markup[2] and basic character styles[3]. Though WordGrinder uses a native format which cannot be opened by normal text editors, you can export your document to a bunch of useful formats for further processing, formatting or printing. In a way, WordGrinder is reminiscent of old DOS-based word processors like WordStar, but with modern semantic markup to allow clean document structuring. The best part is that, there's really no learning curve — WordGrinder's entire feature list is accessible from the menu and can be explored within a few minutes.
WordGrinder is still actively developed — the first release was in 2007 — thirteen years ago! The latest version, 0.8, released on 13th October 2020, not only has bug fixes, but new features as well. There is also a Windows version, though the application was originally developed on Linux. For a one-man open source project, that is quite impressive.
sadly incomplete, long abandoned now[↩]
heading levels, lists, paragraphs and more[↩]
bold, italic and underline[↩]
Collabora Office – a full fledged LibreOffice port for mobile devices
A while back, I searched for a decent Office suite for opening and editing documents on my iPad and found Collabora Office, a full-fledged port of LibreOffice for Android and iOS / iPadOS. This is one of the few Open Source office suites for mobile devices around and one of the few that are almost as functional as desktop equivalents — most mobile office suites I've found are (a) not open source, (b) feature-limited, (c) not free and/or (d) ad-supported in their free avatars.
You can see from the screenshot that Collabora is LibreOffice, with minor caveats[1] and tweaks for the touch screen. In fact, it features the traditional desktop UI, complete with menubar and toolbar rather than a mobile-centric one, making it highly familiar for experienced LibreOffice users.
A screenshot of Collabora Office running on my iPad
I often make slight edits/modifications to documents within Collabora on my iPad when I cannot be bothered to open my laptop. One minor issue that I found is that the on-screen iPadOS keyboard doesn't seem as full featured as with native Apple software[2]. With a compatible physical bluetooth keyboard, it might be possible to compose longer documents conveniently.
I'm surprised that Collabora Office doesn't appear to be popular enough to merit an entry in most top-10 office suite lists for mobile devices that you can find with a simple internet search.
Collabora features the equivalent ports of LibreOffice Writer, Calc and Impress, which I guess is enough for most of us. LibreOffice Base and a few other components of the full LibreOffice desktop suite are conspicuously missing.[↩]
for example, missing auto-capitalization of the first word in a sentence, unable to type full-stop with two spaces and not working properly with some language keyboards like Tamil Anjal[↩]
My fascination with the Civ-style 4X genre has waned
I have always been a big fan of Civ-style 4X games. I've played Civilization III, V, VI and FreeCiv for countless hours in the past, roleplaying historical national leaders trying to build that supreme civilization to dominate all other civilizations and the ultimate empire to conquer and destroy all other empires. If you've never played 4X games before and you're tempted to start now, be warned that they can be extraordinarily addicting and can eat up your life without your realizing it.
For more, search for "why Civilization games are addicting" on the internet. There's plenty written on that subject.
A screenshot from one of my games in Civilization V
However, over the last few years, my interest in 4X games (and gaming in general) has actually diminished mainly because there is something vaguely repetitive about them. These days, after an initial burst of enthusiasm, I find plodding through "one more turn" more of a chore. Since the set of technologies to be researched, units and buildings to be built and paths to win tend to be more or less fixed, any new element of gameplay doesn't seem to add enough depth to relieve the tedium — there is nothing really new to discover when playing the same game as a different civilization. Also beyond a point in any particular game (mostly after the exploration stage where discovering the map is a big motivation), it becomes quite impersonal and boring because your "Civilization" is ultimately nothing more than grinding a bunch of stats with pretty graphics. Yes, you can go to war with enemies, there is diplomacy which adds some interest, you can explore multiple paths to victory, but even those aspects becomes boring and repetitive after a while[1]. In short, I rarely find any motivation to play through a full game and increasingly find myself playing less and less.
Having said all that, do bear in mind that even during the peak of my interest I was not really more than a casual gamer; never a deliberate, calculative player in the mould of a hardcore fan; rarely experimented with fine-tuning game settings; never played multi-player against human opponents and rarely played at higher difficulty settings against the AI to challenge myself.
I don't know, maybe I'm rationalizing my loss of interest in computer games in general though strategy and simulation games have always interested me more than any other genre. Ultimately it's probably a good thing that I don't feel like wasting several hours a day on Civilization any more.
Yes, over the years Civilization games have found a bunch of new ways to keep players engaged, but ultimately it boils down to grinding stats[↩]
The era of use and throw
In the last twenty or so years, things have changed a lot when it comes to consumer durable goods, particularly electronics. We've seen the transition from the fat CRT television sets to ultra-thin LED TVs. From analog to digital. From metal to plastic (and increasingly cheaper plastic at that). Even in the last decade or so, a lot has changed. For example, smartphones no longer come with removable/replaceable batteries — they are soldered into the devices, making it much harder to get battery replacements. The shift from desktop PCs to laptops to smartphones (and tablets) is a case in point. Even earlier in the day of analog electronics, repairing devices was the norm. Over time, it has become an increasingly rare exception.
In the past, when a component of your desktop system failed, you simply replaced that part alone[1]. There was a thriving market for replacement parts. Laptop parts aren't so easy to replace, and with mobile phones and tablets it's almost impossible to repair or replace individual components. Well, it is possible to "repair", but the cost of the replacement components makes it a better (wiser?) option to buy a new device. You can see the same trend in almost every other household gadget. Things aren't being made to last — they're being made to be replaced once every few years and the environmental and social costs are heavy. Notice how most electronic gadgets, even the more expensive ones, come with a measly one year or, at best two years of warranty. And there is almost no incentive to repair old devices out of warranty — just chuck them away and "upgrade". I notice that there are fewer and fewer technicians who offer repair services at reasonable prices — maybe it's just not a profitable business any more or maybe the products aren't designed to be repaired[2].
It's not that technological advancements have made repair harder than replacement as much as the manufacturers would like us to believe. There appears to be a deliberate movement away from reliability, repairability and build quality:
That scarcity is by design. Manufacturers don't want you to fix that broken microwave or air conditioner; they want you to buy a new one. Some even send cease-and-desist letters to people who post repair information online. Back in 2012, Toshiba told laptop repair tech Tim Hicks that he needed to remove 300 PDFs of Toshiba's official repair manuals from his website, where he was offering the information for free. To avoid being sued, Hicks complied, and now fewer people have the guidance they need to repair Toshiba laptops.
Source: https://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/conservation/why-we-must-fight-for-the-right-to-repair-our-electronics
Not just in electronics: occasionally, when I get my hands on an old household item, even something as trivial as a plastic bucket made years ago, it seems almost amazing how the build quality has deteriorated in recent times. It seems that manufacturers now have made build quality and longevity a "premium feature", to be paid for through the nose, rather than to be expected in any product.
in fact, assembling a desktop computer was and still is an easy project[↩]
I suspect that the latter has contributed to the former[↩]


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Grab visitors attention with your fancy web fonts.
2-Do have a mix of thin and thick text.
3-Do add 2 font styles.
1-Don't add more than 3 font styles.
3-Don't add only thick text.
What is the easiest way to add creative text on your website?
The number 1 selection is Google Fonts.


text:
Q: Delete oldest objects from HashMap to reach certain size? I have a hashmap in Java that I need to limit in size (order of 50000). But I should delete only items that are the oldest. The timestamp of the item is stored in the entry object's field:
Map<String, MyModel> snapshot = new  HashMap<>();

and
public class MyModel {
    private ZonedDateTime createdAt;
    // other fields...
}

I also insert them into the map in order by that timestamp.
What would be the most effective way to accomplish this kind of deletion of oldest entries? Note that "threshold" in time is not known, only the desired final size of the Map.

A: HashMap has no "oldest", it has no "first", it has no order.
A LinkedHashMap on the other hand is designed for exactly this, it maintains a doubly linked list between the entries so keep them in insertion order, it also provides a removeEldestEntry method:
public static void main(final String args[]) throws Exception {
    final int maxSize = 4;
    final LinkedHashMap<String, String> cache = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>() {
        @Override
        protected boolean removeEldestEntry(final Map.Entry eldest) {
            return size() > maxSize;
        }
    };

    cache.put("A", "A");
    System.out.println(cache);
    cache.put("B", "A");
    System.out.println(cache);
    cache.put("C", "A");
    System.out.println(cache);
    cache.put("D", "A");
    System.out.println(cache);
    cache.put("E", "A");
    System.out.println(cache);
    cache.put("F", "A");
    System.out.println(cache);
    cache.put("G", "A");
}

Output:
{A=A}
{A=A, B=A}
{A=A, B=A, C=A}
{A=A, B=A, C=A, D=A}
{B=A, C=A, D=A, E=A}
{C=A, D=A, E=A, F=A}

Large Health Warning

Note that this implementation is not synchronized. If multiple threads access a linked hash map concurrently, and at least one of the threads modifies the map structurally, it must be synchronized externally. This is typically accomplished by synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the map. If no such object exists, the map should be "wrapped" using the Collections.synchronizedMap method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental unsynchronized access to the map:
Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap(...));

LinkedHashMap JavaDoc

A: It may be easiest just to add the String objects to a list whenever you put something in the map. Then you could do:
while(map.size()>50000){
    map.remove(list.get(0))
    list.remove(0);
}

This works because you don't actually care about the time, just the order.
A queue would be better than a list in this regard as you don't need anything other than accessing and removing the first element

A: Simply spoken: then a HashMap won't do. Besides the obvious: you have iterate all the values, check that property; to then decide which keys you intend to remove.
In other words: a HashMap has only that one responsibility: mapping keys to values. It doesn't care about insertion order, insertion time, or frequency of accesses to keys. In that sense: you should look into using other kinds of implementations of the Map interface.
One alternative would be using a TreeSet and a customer comparator that automatically sorts based on those timestimamps.
But keep in mind: there are only two hard things in computer science:

*

*naming

*cache invalidation

A: I have modified the LruCache class, from the Android framework, to do that.
Here is the full code.
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class RemoveOldHashMap<K, V> {
    private final LinkedHashMap<K, V> map;
    /** Size of this cache in units. Not necessarily the number of elements. */
    private int size;
    private int maxSize;
    private int putCount;
    private int createCount;
    private int evictionCount;
    private int hitCount;
    private int missCount;
    /**
     * @param maxSize for caches that do not override {@link #sizeOf}, this is
     *     the maximum number of entries in the cache. For all other caches,
     *     this is the maximum sum of the sizes of the entries in this cache.
     */
    public RemoveOldHashMap(int maxSize) {
        if (maxSize <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxSize <= 0");
        }
        this.maxSize = maxSize;
        this.map = new LinkedHashMap<K, V>(0, 0.75f, false); // false for "interaction order"
    }
    /**
     * Returns the value for {@code key} if it exists in the cache or can be
     * created by {@code #create}. If a value was returned, it is moved to the
     * head of the queue. This returns null if a value is not cached and cannot
     * be created.
     */
    public synchronized final V get(K key) {
        if (key == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("key == null");
        }

        for (K k : map.keySet()) {
            System.out.println("k = " + k);
        }

        V result = map.get(key);

        for (K k : map.keySet()) {
            System.out.println("k = " + k);
        }

        if (result != null) {
            hitCount++;
            return result;
        }
        missCount++;
        // TODO: release the lock while calling this potentially slow user code
        result = create(key);
        if (result != null) {
            createCount++;
            size += safeSizeOf(key, result);
            map.put(key, result);
            trimToSize(maxSize);
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * Caches {@code value} for {@code key}. The value is moved to the head of
     * the queue.
     *
     * @return the previous value mapped by {@code key}. Although that entry is
     *     no longer cached, it has not been passed to {@link #entryEvicted}.
     */
    public synchronized final V put(K key, V value) {
        if (key == null || value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("key == null || value == null");
        }
        putCount++;
        size += safeSizeOf(key, value);
        V previous = map.put(key, value);
        if (previous != null) {
            size -= safeSizeOf(key, previous);
        }
        trimToSize(maxSize);
        return previous;
    }
    private void trimToSize(int maxSize) {
        while (size > maxSize && !map.isEmpty()) {
            Map.Entry<K, V> toEvict = map.entrySet().iterator().next();
            if (toEvict == null) {
                break; // map is empty; if size is not 0 then throw an error below
            }
            K key = toEvict.getKey();
            V value = toEvict.getValue();
            map.remove(key);
            size -= safeSizeOf(key, value);
            evictionCount++;
            // TODO: release the lock while calling this potentially slow user code
            entryEvicted(key, value);
        }
        if (size < 0 || (map.isEmpty() && size != 0)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(getClass().getName()
                    + ".sizeOf() is reporting inconsistent results!");
        }
    }
    /**
     * Removes the entry for {@code key} if it exists.
     *
     * @return the previous value mapped by {@code key}. Although that entry is
     *     no longer cached, it has not been passed to {@link #entryEvicted}.
     */
    public synchronized final V remove(K key) {
        if (key == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("key == null");
        }
        V previous = map.remove(key);
        if (previous != null) {
            size -= safeSizeOf(key, previous);
        }
        return previous;
    }
    /**
     * Called for entries that have reached the tail of the least recently used
     * queue and are be removed. The default implementation does nothing.
     */
    protected void entryEvicted(K key, V value) {}
    /**
     * Called after a cache miss to compute a value for the corresponding key.
     * Returns the computed value or null if no value can be computed. The
     * default implementation returns null.
     */
    protected V create(K key) {
        return null;
    }
    private int safeSizeOf(K key, V value) {
        int result = sizeOf(key, value);
        if (result < 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Negative size: " + key + "=" + value);
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * Returns the size of the entry for {@code key} and {@code value} in
     * user-defined units.  The default implementation returns 1 so that size
     * is the number of entries and max size is the maximum number of entries.
     *
     * <p>An entry's size must not change while it is in the cache.
     */
    protected int sizeOf(K key, V value) {
        return 1;
    }
    /**
     * Clear the cache, calling {@link #entryEvicted} on each removed entry.
     */
    public synchronized final void evictAll() {
        trimToSize(-1); // -1 will evict 0-sized elements
    }
    /**
     * For caches that do not override {@link #sizeOf}, this returns the number
     * of entries in the cache. For all other caches, this returns the sum of
     * the sizes of the entries in this cache.
     */
    public synchronized final int size() {
        return size;
    }
    /**
     * For caches that do not override {@link #sizeOf}, this returns the maximum
     * number of entries in the cache. For all other caches, this returns the
     * maximum sum of the sizes of the entries in this cache.
     */
    public synchronized final int maxSize() {
        return maxSize;
    }
    /**
     * Returns the number of times {@link #get} returned a value.
     */
    public synchronized final int hitCount() {
        return hitCount;
    }
    /**
     * Returns the number of times {@link #get} returned null or required a new
     * value to be created.
     */
    public synchronized final int missCount() {
        return missCount;
    }
    /**
     * Returns the number of times {@link #create(Object)} returned a value.
     */
    public synchronized final int createCount() {
        return createCount;
    }
    /**
     * Returns the number of times {@link #put} was called.
     */
    public synchronized final int putCount() {
        return putCount;
    }
    /**
     * Returns the number of values that have been evicted.
     */
    public synchronized final int evictionCount() {
        return evictionCount;
    }
    /**
     * Returns a copy of the current contents of the cache, ordered from least
     * recently accessed to most recently accessed.
     */
    public synchronized final Map<K, V> snapshot() {
        return new LinkedHashMap<K, V>(map);
    }
    @Override public synchronized final String toString() {
        int accesses = hitCount + missCount;
        int hitPercent = accesses != 0 ? (100 * hitCount / accesses) : 0;
        return String.format("LruCache[maxSize=%d,hits=%d,misses=%d,hitRate=%d%%]",
                maxSize, hitCount, missCount, hitPercent);
    }
}

How to use
In my example, I will map String objects in Integer keys. The limit is 2 objects, but you should change to achieve your goal.
RemoveOldHashMap<Integer, String> hash = new RemoveOldHashMap<Integer, String>(2 /* here is max value that the internal counter reaches */ ) {
    // Override to tell how your object is measured
    @Override
    protected int sizeOf(Integer key, String value) {
        return 1; // the size of your object
    }
};

Reference: LruCache

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Mary Findley and Sarah Margaret Hutchison's words echoed the giant multicolored banner that whipped in the wind behind them. Its words—A Safer World Is Our Right—covered the National Nuclear Security Administration's large sign declaring the site home to the Y12 National Security Complex.
Listening to them were peace demonstrators from Michigan, North Carolina, Georgia, Ohio, Kentucky, South Carolina, Alabama, Missouri, Virginia and Tennessee. "We renounce the false security of nuclear weapons, rejecting their use as a means for national defense!" declared Findley. "We can not expect foreign powers to reduce their stockpiles if we are not willing to do the same. We must set the standard," said Hutchison.
The Youth Declaration was a centerpiece of the days' activities which began with a gathering nearly two miles away at the Oak Ridge Civic Center—from there a march of almost two hundred moved through town, along the main highway, arriving at the main entrance to the Y12 weapons complex, where the Department of Energy continues to manufacture thermonuclear components for US warheads. The march was also the final leg of an eight-day peace pilgrimage from Asheville, North Carolina, led by the monks of Nipponzan Myohoji's Great Smoky Mountains dojo whose drumming and chanting guided us to the bomb plant.
The early morning sunshine gave way to thick clouds and gusty winds, but the chill did not deter those who came to claim the future from the jaws of death. Roused by the music of the Emancipators and a Shakespeare mash-up from Ye Olde Puppetistas, the gathering created a spirit of hope; at the conclusion of the puppetista's performance people rose and danced to the music of accordions.
The Raging Grannies premiered new songs for the April Action, including Armageddon, Here We Come!
The day grew more serious as Mitzi Wood-von Mizener's sweet, powerful voice sang John Lennon's Imagine. Those gathered came forward to sign giant copies of the Youth Declaration, then moved to the fenceline to tie peace cranes on the barbed wire and join in a guided meditation, focusing the power of our dreams and visions of a future without nuclear weapons on the Y12 weapons complex.
As the crowd moved from the fence into a closing circle, a siren blared, and people fell to the ground. In seconds, the scene was silent as death, bodies lying still, representing the future planned by our government and eight other nuclear weapons states. For five long minutes, the reality of our lifeless future hung in the air.
Then a voice broke the silence. Rising to her feet, Mary Findley announced, "A safer world is my right!" Twenty feet away, Sarah Margaret Hutchison stood to declare, "A safer world is my right!" Then it was Kayce Collins, and Emma McLeod, and Carmella Coles, and Kevin Collins, and Mary Dennis Lentsch and Carol Green, each claiming a safer world as their right as human beings as they rose.
The day closed in a circle, as the rains which had threatened all day began to close in. "The power we have brought here today does not dissipate as we go home,' said OREPA coordinator Ralph Hutchison, "It goes with us. Each of us has demonstrated our deep commitment to a world free of nuclear weapons. Each of us has the power to make this dream come true.
"By ourselves, we are almost powerless to effect the change we seek. But together, it's a sure thing. Because we have the power to tell others what we did here, what we saw here, what we felt here. We have the power, if we have the courage, to be the movement that is organizing the abolition of nuclear weapons.
"We represent the hopes and dreams of tens of millions of people around the world. We represent the hope of the future.
Marcus Keyes declares the future is hope!


text:
Name that caption, give me a second here, Corch, edition
Penny for your thoughts, Mark.
Help a head coach out, fellas.
Filed under Name That Caption
Is the BCS a victim of its own success?
In a very good piece about the national title format that's about to bite the dust, Roy Kramer offers something of an early obituary.
Kramer can't help but wonder: If Oklahoma State had not been upset by Iowa State in 2011 to help create an All-SEC championship game, would the BCS still be alive?
"Deep down," Kramer said, "I always thought the more logical way would be to take the three highest-rated conference champions and a wild card."
That actually makes more sense to me than the selection committee does, but I suppose the new format has the virtue of giving the big conference commissioners more control over the selection process.
As for Kramer's question, I think all the absence of a rematch would have accomplished would have been to postpone the inevitable. Between the greed and the freakout over the recent decline in viewership, the jump to a four-team playoff was coming no matter what Oklahoma State did.
Filed under BCS/Playoffs
Butch Jones' recruiting loophole
Butch Jones once said this about Alabama: "The one thing they can say about their program is it is what we are building here at Tennessee."
When it comes to recruiting, it's starting to look like Butch is a chip off the old block. You may not have noticed, but Tennessee is well on its way to a monster-sized recruiting class, well over the scholarship limit. How can Jones do that? Well, much of that will come down to the traditional way more aggressive programs have gone about their oversigning business: some combination of countbacks to the 2013 class, grayshirting, weeding out some kids on the current 85-man roster and pushing some current commits to the side to take higher rated ones. It's a frothy mixture that no doubt will be tolerated by the Vol faithful, but it's nothing new.
What is new is this.
As Tennessee's list of verbal commitments continues to grow (it should be up to 34 if lineman Charles Mosley commits on Friday as expected), the Vols are contending with two limits.
One is the NCAA-imposed limit on scholarships. The other is the conference-imposed limit on signees.
There's no loophole on NCAA scholarship limits. Teams can have only 85 total scholarship players, of whom no more than 25 can be "initial counters" in any given year. (There are some strategies to minimize the impact of the NCAA limits, which I discussed here. More on that in a second).
But is it possible that Tennessee's staff has stumbled upon a loophole that would effectively allow the Vols to "over-sign" in a way that was common a few years ago but has largely been eliminated because of new rules?
Take a look at the text of the SEC rule limiting signees that went into effect Aug. 1, 2011 (emphasis added):
13.9.1 Letter of Intent – Limitation. Each SEC member institution is limited to signing 25 football prospective student-athletes to a National Letter of Intent, Conference financial aid agreement and/or institutional offer of athletics financial aid from December 1 through May 31st of each year. [Adopted 5/29/09; effective immediately; revised 6/3/11; effective August 1, 2011]
(Here's a .pdf link if you want to peruse the SEC rules yourself.)
The dates are critical, because the SEC bylaw collides with a new NCAA rules interpretation that impacted this recruiting cycle. Academically eligible student-athletes who plan to enroll early (in January) are now allowed to sign aid agreements with universities as early as Aug. 1.
Tennessee had a flood of players sign aid agreements last month — perhaps a half-dozen players or more. Why is this significant? By the letter of the law, those players wouldn't count against the SEC's signing limit. They're freebies, if you will.
I'm not exactly sure I'd call that a freebie, or even a loophole. It's more like buying something on credit – at some time you've still got to pay the bill, so to speak. It's a semi-loophole, at best.
Signees and scholarships (i.e., initial counters) are two different things.
SEC rules limit signees; NCAA rules limit overall scholarships and initial counters.
The possible loophole I described is for the former; there is no loophole for the latter.
At the end of the day, the Vols — like any other team — can give no more than 25 initial counters in any year and have no more than 85 scholarship players overall.
Under the hypothetical theory I floated in the story, the Vols could sign 35 players, but they would still have to cross the scholarship hurdle.
In the end, Jones will have to get his roster numbers down to the same level that every other program does. It's the process of getting there that's going to be revealing. As Woodbury puts it, "Signees are a January/February issue. Scholarships are a May/June/July issue." In other words, get 'em in the door and let God sort out the rest. At least the kids who signed financial aid agreements won't be coming out of pocket.
The other thing that will be worth watching is as Jones' strategy comes more into focus is the reaction from other coaches. Do they scream or do they copy? Hey, it's the SEC, who am I kidding? They'll do both.
Filed under Because Nothing Sucks Like A Big Orange, Recruiting
Georgia's 2013 yards per play story leaves me more confused than ever.
Year2's observation that Georgia had a higher yards per play average than its opponents in the two losses to Auburn and Missouri got me wondering how that stat looked for the entire season, so off I went to Marty's site to get the answer.
Clemson: +1.65
South Carolina: -.39
North Texas: +4.95
LSU: +.89
Tennessee: +.52
Missouri: +.48
Vanderbilt: -1.11
Florida: +2.23
Appy State: +4.23
Auburn: +.45
Kentucky: +2.85
Georgia Tech: -.05
Season: +1.38
So Georgia lost three games this season in which it was more efficient gaining yardage than the opponent. I get Missouri – a minus-4 turnover margin against a good team is awfully hard to overcome – and I sort of get Auburn, but what in the world explains Clemson? Yes, the Dawgs were minus-1 in turnover margin, and, yes, they had one drive that resulted in no points when the field goal attempt was botched, but, still, that net ypp figure is well above the season average. And the Tigers only ran six more plays on the night than Georgia did.
On the other hand, Georgia was 2-1 in games when it was in the red on ypp, and could have won the Vanderbilt game with a break (or, more accurately, without Vandy getting more than its share of breaks from the officiating crew).
(By the way, in case you were wondering, the ypp average for the 2012 season was +1.91. The drop off in 2013 came slightly more on the offensive side of the ball (-.28) than on defense (-.25), which makes sense when you consider the injury situation.)
Anyway, there's more to consider here to try to explain where the season went south. Missouri, again, is the obvious one when turnover margin hurt, but if you look at the rest of the season, Georgia never had another game when the turnover margin was greater than minus-1. That no doubt leads to a discussion about the special teams, but that's a subject that's worth a post of its own.
Or maybe the lesson is that it's been a weird year and it's going to be a futile effort to try to make sense of it. We'll see.
Filed under Georgia Football, Stats Geek!
@Dawg_Stats @RazorbackMBB @HailStateMBK @SEC Forget it, Jake. It's Footballtown. published 9 minutes ago


Home The Jesus Timeline When was Jesus Baptised?
29th August is the 1 Elul in 29AD which is also the day that Jews begin their 40 days of fasting that culminates at Yom Kippur (The Day of Atonement).
The start of Jesus' 40 day fast coincides with the exact day Moses began his 40 day fast when he went up Mt Sinai to get the Ten Commandments for the second time.
Jesus is still 30 years old (Luke 3:23).
Yom Kippur is the day God deals with the accusations of the devil which happens to be the same day Jesus successfully deals with all of satan's accusations.
The devil tempts Jesus to throw himself from the temple, the very act the priests perform on Yom Kippur to the scapegoat which is taken out into the desert and thrown off a cliff.
Yom Kippur in 29AD was the last time the Yom Kippur miracles occurred. Jesus' public ministry was yet to begin but it would only be days before the Jewish leaders began to reject John's message of repentance and his announcement that the Messiah had now arrived. As a result God rejected their offerings.
God has a habit of fulfilling prophecy and repeating cycles on significant dates in the Jewish calendar.


This is one of the authors who I fell in love with from their debut book which is actually very rare for me. I love her writing style and easy flow to her books with gripping characters and great stories.
This is a novella length book that was part of an Anthology but has been realised on its own now. Now I went into this book knowing it was this length, but once you start reading it your desperate for more so I really would have loved it been a normal length. But thats only because I loved the characters so much that you can't help wanting more.
Cam and Mollie's story although short is addictive and entertaining. As this is a novella their feelings and relationship do progress quicker then normal and it did loose me a bit as I struggled to believe their feelings so quickly. That been said I still loved them and their story.
I can't wait for the next, write quicker please ;).


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Peta Evans Taylor is one of Australia's favourite contestants from the Voice season 4.
Based in Melbourne Victoria . Now available for Corporate and Special Events.
The fact that she cites Dolly Parton and Alice Cooper as her heroes isn't the only contradiction about Pete Evans-Taylor from Victoria. Crossing over from country to rock and everything in between has kept the 28-year-old hairdressing apprentice busy with regular gigs in her band.
Along with Dolly Parton and Alice Cooper (who she proudly displays as tattoo art on her arm), she also names rock and country stars Bonnie Raitt, Suze De Marchi, Melissa Etheridge and Chrissy Amphlett as music influences. She has been performing music for the past 12 years and plays the guitar, banjo and keyboard.
This talented songstress has won both state & national titles for singing as well as song writing. Peta Evans Taylor has wowed audiences both overseas as well as all over Australia including Hollywood, San Francisco, India, Norfolk Island, Sheraton Hotel, Brisbane Convention Centre, and toured Tasmania.
Peta has also supported acts such as Damien Leith and Wendy Mathews.
Info:Peta Evans Taylor is one of Australia's favourite contestants from the Voice season 4. Based in Melbourne Vic.


AZ Water has been honoring our members since the 1970's and we strive to recognize individual members who have excelled throughout the year, as well as outstanding projects and project teams. The awards are open to owners, designers, operators and contractors. In 2018 we gave away over 80 awards.
2019 award submissions will close on February 28, 2019!
Descriptions for each award category and information about the selection process for each award can be found on the Awards Committee Page.