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Posted on Feb 24, 2016 by Appleton Downtown Inc.
Monday, May 30, 2016 marks the day of the annual City of Appleton Memorial Day Parade. The parade will begin promptly at 9:00 AM, at the corner of College Avenue & Appleton Street.
Entry forms are available now for organizations, businesses, and/or musical units, interested in participating. To receive complete details and an official entry form, interested parties should call the offices of Appleton Downtown, Inc. at 920-954-9112, Eric Stadler, Parade Coordinator at 450-6907, or go to the Appleton Memorial Day Parade's webpage at: http://applications.appleton.org/parades/flagday%202016/.
Those units interested in appearing in the 2016 Appleton Memorial Day Parade must return their completed forms by Thursday, March 31, 2016, in order to be considered for inclusion. This parade is dedicated to pay tribute to service men and women that paid the ultimate sacrifice while serving the United States. It is not a political or commercial endeavor.
Following the parade, the City of Appleton's official Memorial Day ceremony will take place inside the historic Riverside Cemetery at the burial plot of the George D. Eggleston Post of the Grand Army of the Republic. Immediately following this ceremony will be an additional salute at the Oney Johnston/Edward Blessman Appleton American Legion Post No. 38 cemetery plot at the entrance of directly between Riverside Cemetery and St. Joseph's Cemetery.


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How to learn jazz piano improvisation techniques. Free online resources to learn jazz piano by Musilosophy, Italian pianist.
Learn chord charts. Major, dominant, minor, halfdiminished, diminished seventh chords with inversions.
Jazz techniques and practice in improvisation and general music practice tips. Exercises to learn improvisation techniques. Great piano jazz improvisers.
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Learn dominant seventh chord charts. Inversions and structures of dominant chords in all keys. Fundamental drill to learn jazz improvisation.
Diminished scales; pentatonic, altered and whole tone scale for jazz improvisation. Learn music theory and harmony to improvise.
Learn diminished 7 chord charts.Contains the chart with inversions and structures of diminished seventh chords in all keys.


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Ben Scrivens (* 11. September 1986 in Spruce Grove, Alberta) ist ein ehemaliger kanadischer Eishockeytorwart. Er bestritt insgesamt 144 Partien für die Toronto Maple Leafs, Los Angeles Kings, Edmonton Oilers und Canadiens de Montréal in der National Hockey League, bevor er seine aktive Karriere beim HK Dinamo Minsk sowie bei Salawat Julajew Ufa in der Kontinentalen Hockey-Liga ausklingen ließ. Auf internationaler Ebene vertrat er die kanadische Nationalmannschaft unter anderem bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2018, bei denen er mit dem Team die Bronzemedaille errang.

Karriere
Scrivens begann seine Karriere in den unterklassigen Juniorenligen der Provinz Alberta und kam schließlich als Stammtorhüter der Spruce Grove Saints aus der Alberta Junior Hockey League zum Einsatz. Anschließend wechselte er 2006 zum Studium an die Cornell University und spielte für deren Eishockeymannschaft, die Cornell Big Reds, in der National Collegiate Athletic Association. Nachdem er sich in seiner zweiten Saison als Stammtorhüter der Mannschaft etabliert hatte, beendete er auch die folgenden beiden Spielzeiten unter den zehn besten Torhütern der Liga. In der Saison 2009/10 erreichte Scrivens mit einer Fangquote von 93,4 % einen nationalen Bestwert und führte seine Mannschaft zur Meisterschaft der ECAC Hockey. Neben der Auszeichnung als Torhüter des Jahres wurde Scrivens ins All-American Team der NCAA East gewählt. Schließlich wurde er für den Hobey Baker Memorial Award als bester College-Spieler der NCAA nominiert.

Nachdem Scrivens im NHL Entry Draft von keiner Mannschaft ausgewählt worden war, unterzeichnete er im April 2010 als Free Agent einen Einstiegsvertrag über ein Jahr mit den Toronto Maple Leafs. In seiner Debütsaison kam er allerdings zunächst nur für deren Farmteams, die Toronto Marlies aus der American Hockey League und die Reading Royals aus der ECHL, zum Einsatz. In der ECHL verzeichnete er schließlich die beste Fangquote der Liga und wurde in den Kader des ECHL All-Star Game berufen.

In der folgenden Saison war Scrivens Stammtorhüter der Marlies und schloss die Saison mit einem Gegentorschnitt von 2,04, dem niedrigsten der Liga, ab. Dafür wurde er mit dem Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award ausgezeichnet. In den Play-offs zog er mit den Marlies bis ins Finale um den Calder Cup ein, wo das Team allerdings den Norfolk Admirals in vier Spielen unterlag. Im Laufe der Saison erhielt er parallel erste Einsätze in der National Hockey League und stand dort für zwölf Spiele im Tor der Maple Leafs. Aufgrund des Lockouts in der NHL begann er die Saison 2012/13 erneut mit den Marlies, bevor er zum Saisonstart in der NHL dauerhaft in den Kader der Maple Leafs wechselte. Dort kam er als Ersatztorwart hinter James Reimer in insgesamt 20 Spielen zum Einsatz und verzeichnete vier Siege, davon zwei Shutouts.

Am 23. Juni 2013 wurde Scrivens gemeinsam mit Matt Frattin und einem Zweitrunden-Wahlrecht im Austausch für Torwart Jonathan Bernier zu den Los Angeles Kings transferiert. Dort wurde er zunächst als Ersatztorwart hinter Jonathan Quick eingesetzt, bevor dieser durch eine Verletzung ausfiel und Scrivens vorübergehend seinen Posten einnahm. Kurz darauf machte der Kanadier im November 2013 auf sich aufmerksam, als er zwei Shutouts in Folge erreichte und dabei für 191:19 Minuten ohne Gegentor blieb.

Im Januar 2014 gaben die Kings Ben Scrivens im Austausch für ein Drittrunden-Wahlrecht im NHL Entry Draft 2014 an die Edmonton Oilers ab, die zuvor ihren Stammtorhüter Devan Dubnyk nach Nashville transferiert hatten. Am 29. Januar 2014 stellte er dort einen neuen NHL-Rekord auf, als er beim 3:0-Sieg gegen die San Jose Sharks alle 59 Schüsse abwehrte, so viele wie noch kein anderer Torhüter zuvor in einem Shutout in der regulären Saison. Einen Monat später unterzeichnete Scrivens einen neuen Zweijahresvertrag über 4,6 Millionen US-Dollar.

Sein Debüt auf internationalem Debüt gab Scrivens bei der Weltmeisterschaft 2014, bei der er vier Einsätze für die kanadische Auswahl absolvierte.

Nachdem er in der Saison 2014/15 noch 57 Spiele für die Oilers absolviert hatte, wurden ihm während der Vorbereitung auf die Spielzeit 2015/16 die beiden neu verpflichteten Goalies Cam Talbot und Anders Nilsson vorgezogen, sodass er zu den Bakersfield Condors in die AHL geschickt wurde. Scrivens blieb bis Dezember 2015 in der AHL, ehe ihn die Oilers an die Canadiens de Montréal abgaben und im Gegenzug Zack Kassian verpflichteten. Montréal reagierte damit auf die anhaltende Verletzung von Carey Price sowie die nicht überzeugenden Leistungen von Mike Condon und Dustin Tokarski.

Nach der Saison 2015/16 wechselte Scrivens erstmals nach Europa und schloss sich dem HK Dinamo Minsk aus der Kontinentalen Hockey-Liga an. Die Spielzeit 2017/18 verbrachte er bei Salawat Julajew Ufa, bevor er seine aktive Karriere im Sommer 2018 beendete, indem er als Team Manager bei den Pioneers bei der University of Denver übernahm.

International
Scrivens gehörte bei der Weltmeisterschaft 2014 sowie bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2018 zum Aufgebot der kanadischen Nationalmannschaft. Dabei errang er eine olympische Bronzemedaille.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 2009 ECAC Hockey Second All-Star Team
 2010 ECAC Hockey First All-Star Team
 2010 Ken Dryden Award (Torhüter des Jahres der ECAC Hockey)
 2010 ECAC Hockey-Meister mit der Cornell University
 2010 NCAA East First All-American Team
 2011 ECHL All-Star Game
 2012 Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award
 2018 Bronzemedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen

NHL-Rekorde
 59 gehaltene Schüsse in einem Shutout (29. Januar 2014)

Weblinks

 Ben Scrivens auf der Website der Cornell University

Einzelnachweise

Eishockeynationaltorwart (Kanada)
Eishockeytorwart (Cornell Big Red)
Eishockeytorwart (Toronto Marlies)
Eishockeytorwart (Reading Royals)
Eishockeytorwart (Toronto Maple Leafs)
Eishockeytorwart (Los Angeles Kings)
Eishockeytorwart (Bakersfield Condors, AHL)
Eishockeytorwart (Edmonton Oilers)
Eishockeytorwart (Canadiens de Montréal)
Eishockeytorwart (St. John's IceCaps, 2015–2017)
Eishockeytorwart (HK Dinamo Minsk)
Eishockeytorwart (Salawat Julajew Ufa)
Eishockeyfunktionär (Vereinigte Staaten)
Person (University of Denver)
Olympiateilnehmer (Kanada)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2018
Kanadier
Geboren 1986
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
» Governance And Institutions
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» WWF
Living Planet Report 2020: Bending the curve of biodiversity loss
The global Living Planet Index continues to decline. It shows an average 68% decrease in population sizes of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and fish between 1970 and 2016. A 94% decline in the LPI for the tropical sub regions of the Americas is the largest fall observed in any part of the world.
Source: WWF
Global, Wildlife, Biodiversity, WWF, Habitat, Deforestation, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Africa, Asia
Identification Guide for Ivory and Ivory Substitutes
Ahead of World Elephant Day, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Secretariat, TRAFFIC and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) publish the Identification Guide for Ivory and Ivory Substitutes, a comprehensive and accessible resource for identifying the most commonly found ivories and artificial substi
Source: TRAFFIC, WWF, CITES
Global, Africa, Wildlife Trade, Elephant, WWF, CITES
COVID 19: Urgent Call To Protect People And Nature
While the world continues to grapple with the devastating consequences of coronavirus, leading conservationist organisation WWF has called for urgent global action to address the key drivers which will cause future zoonotic disease outbreaks.
Global, Coronavirus, WWF, Animal Diseases
Combatting Illegal Wildlife Trade
Habitat destruction and illegal wildlife trade (IWT) have devastating impacts on the populations of numerous wildlife species around the world. IWT is associated with the demand for wildlife and wildlife products from markets around the globe but primarily from Asia and South East Asia.
Source: Global Environment Facility
Wildlife Trade, Asia, Africa, World Bank, CITES, UNDP, WWF
Global Futures:Modelling the global economic impacts of environmental change to support policy-making (Technical report)
The Earth's ecosystems are in steep decline, putting their ability to provide the ecosystem services on which the world's economies rely at risk. Unless we reverse these trends, the implications for human wellbeing are profound.
Global, WWF, Economic Development, GDP, Ecosystem, Climate Impacts, Economy, Climate Change
WWF statement in support of China's temporary ban on wild animal trade over suspected link to Coronavirus
In response to the Chinese National Forest & Grassland Administration's (NFGA) decision to implement a strict ban on all wildlife trade and check all wildlife breeding and utilization permits due to suspected link between wild animal trade and the outbreak of the Coronavirus, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) supports the decision.
China, WWF, Wildlife, Wildlife Trade, Viral Diseases
Integrating Approaches to Deliver Conservation and Development Impacts at Scale: Practitioner Guidance from a Decade of CARE-WWF Alliance Experience in Africa and Asia
The CARE-WWF Alliance is a pioneering partnership with deep experience implementing integrated conservation and development programs. Formed in 2008, the global partnership aims to empower the poor, especially women, and positively transform their lives and livelihoods, while protecting and restoring healthy, resilient ecosystems.
Source: CARE, WWF
Africa, Asia, Nepal, WWF, Biodiversity Conservation, Ecosystems, Women, Mozambique, Tanzania
EU leaders to debate push for zero emissions by 2050
EU leaders will this week discuss setting a target of zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, European officials said on Monday, following elections that highlighted climate change fears.
Source: Hindu (New Delhi)
European Union (EU), GreenHouse Gases, WWF, Carbon Dioxide
Nearly 60 per cent of mammals extinct in 44 yrs
The report 'Living Planet' is released every two years, and keeps track of around 4,000 species spread across nearly 17,000 population of the planet.
Source: Deccan Chronicle (Telangana)
WWF, Amazon, Mammals, Birds, Wildlife Act 1972, Wildlife
30 turtles spotted in Neknampur lake this year, count likely to rise
Hyderabad: There has been an increase in the number of turtles at the Neknampur lake.
Source: Times Of India (Hyderabad)
Telangana, Turtles, NGO, WWF, Poaching, Wildlife
Action Aid India
Action for Food Production (AFP)
Action For Welfare And Awakening In Rural Environment (AWARE)
Aga Khan Foundation
Agragamee
AME Foundation
ATREE
BAIF Development Research Foundation (BAIF)
Bombay Environment Action Group (BEAG)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you are selling your North Carolina home, it helps remembering that homebuyers are able to browse listings online from virtually anywhere. Not only will you attract local residents seeking to buy a home, but also those who are moving to the South for the first time. In either case, your focus must be on making your home for sale one that buyers don't want to live without.
Thanks to television programs and DIY tips for on home decorating, renovation, and trends, potential homebuyers often have several "wish list" items they would like when shopping for a new home. As they look through listings, they will find those that match their "must haves," and sometimes their "should haves," while other buyers may be "all-or-nothing" when it comes to finding what is essential to their needs.
Home sales across the U.S. have now dropped to a low 4.3 month supply, according to the latest report from Freddie Mac. However, year-over-year still shows the pace up 0.7%, for a total of 5.52 million annually. This means that while fewer houses are on the market than ever before, the demand still is high for buying and selling a home.
Interest rates are really low at just 3.92%, even as home prices have gone up 6.5% year-over-year to a median price of $153,400 in North Carolina, and $185,800 in the city of Charlotte, both lower than the current national average of $263,800.
With the help of a real estate professional to stage your home, closing on a Charlotte home can be done in an average of 52 days.


Blaine and Tracey Sassafras will lead us on a chase to learn about all the different animals we can find around the globe. The story follows twins who are struggling a little bit in their interest in science, that is before they are sent to spend the summer with their eccentric scientist uncle! No sooner do they arrive that they are met with their uncle's latest creation: an amazing zip-line that can take them anywhere in the world! From the grasslands of Africa, to the Alaskan Tundra we will learn about mammals, birds, and reptiles as well as the eco systems they live in! We will create stunning art work and some really fun science experiments through the semester.


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Main Research
To mark World Cancer Day this week, the EQUATOR Network's Oncology Project, funded by Cancer Research UK, launches a new current awareness bulletin to help cancer researchers avoid research waste and report their work well.
The EQUATOR Network has partnered with Cancer Research UK to create the EQUATOR Oncology Project, dedicated to providing cancer researchers with the resources they need to report their work clearly, transparently and reproducibly. This week sees the launch of the Project's quarterly email bulletin, which will keep cancer researchers and clinicians up-to-date on reporting and methodology developments.
With 1 in 2 people born after 1960 being diagnosed with some form of cancer during their lifetime, and 8.2 million people dying of cancer worldwide every year, good research into the prevention of and treatments for cancer is of paramount importance.
The EQUATOR Network, hosted by NDORMS within the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), was set up to arm researchers with the tools they need to maximise their research efforts and truly make a difference. The Network maintains a database of reporting guidelines set up by teams of academics for different study types and areas. It also provides other resources to support better reporting, such as training and checklists.
With the support of Cancer Research UK, the EQUATOR Network is for the first time focusing on a specific disease area, cancer research reporting. The EQUATOR Oncology Project explores how cancer research reporting can be improved, aiming to make all results count and change lives. It will identify problem areas in the reporting and design of oncology research and develop resources for researchers to assist them at the reporting stage, adding value and strength to their cancer research. The Project is first concentrating on reporting and methods in clinical trials, and will later address identified issues in observational studies.
To commemorate World Cancer Day on 4 February, the EQUATOR Oncology Project launched its quarterly oncology current awareness bulletin this week. The Bulletin will keep clinicians and researchers up-to-date with issues in cancer reporting and methodology.
The Project has also identified 28 oncology-related guidelines, on cancers as varied as breast cancer, neuro-oncology, leukaemia and colon cancer, to name a few. There is also a more general reporting guideline for tumour marker prognostic studies, the REMARK guideline. These reporting guidelines are available in the EQUATOR Network database and should be used where appropriate alongside generic reporting guidelines, such as CONSORT for reporting randomised trials.
Iveta Simera, Deputy Director of the EQUATOR UK Centre, summarises why the Oncology Project is needed: "Cancer patients volunteer for clinical studies despite being seriously ill because they want to help future patients. Unless the findings from such studies are reported completely, accurately and in a timely manner, this altruistic goal is severely compromised. Following reporting guidelines is a simple way to ensure all of the important details about research are shared and made available."
This news item is part of a series on the cancer research conducted and supported by the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, in commemoration of World Cancer Day on 4 February 2016. Read the introduction to the series here.
The EQUATOR Oncology Project welcomes your feedback and involvement! Share your comments about the Project and any problems you have encountered in the planning or reporting of cancer research with project lead Angela MacCarthy.
Sign up for the EQUATOR Oncology Project Current Awareness Bulletin with Shona Kirtley.
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Kennedy Main Research
The Oxford-Mount Sinai (OxMS) Preprint Journal Club has partnered with Nature Reviews Immunology to launch a monthly Preprint Watch column.
Arthritis Botnar Funding Main
Dr Laura Coates has been awarded £1.8M from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) to explore the potential for precision medicine in the choice of biologics to reduce inflammation and pain in psoriatic arthritis.
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The Research at Oxford on Analysis of Motion (ROAM) team at the University of Oxford have supported CURE Ethiopia Children's Hospital to develop and open a brand new gait laboratory, the first of its kind in the country and the only other active gait lab on the African continent outside of South Africa.
Awards Main
Statutory Professor of Biomaterials is awarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to Engineering
Kennedy Main
A preliminary study shows that a drug which helps immune cells self-clean may improve vaccine protection in older adults
In a combined effort to help COVID-19 researchers the University of Oxford and Cardiff University have launched a series of "living reviews" in Oxford University Press's new open access journal "Oxford Open Immunology".


text:
Weekly Sauce
Saucy Tips at Your Request
Do It Herself
Doctors Often Neglect Their Own Mental Health
By Weekly Sauce | September 28, 2016 | Add a Comment
Wary of the stigma of a mental health diagnosis and its toll on their careers, physicians often avoid getting help for depression and other mental illnesses, a new survey suggests.
Researchers surveyed more than 2,000 female physicians to assess treatment barriers.
Nearly half of those surveyed thought they met the definition for mental illness at some point in their careers, but didn't seek treatment.
Many survey respondents said they felt they could persevere on their own or didn't have time to seek care.
However, when researchers examined all of the reasons for skipping care, more than two-thirds were stigma-related. Many doctors said getting diagnosed would be embarrassing or shameful, or they believed they would be judged by others, deemed incompetent, or have their privacy and autonomy violated.
"I have definitely suspected a lot of people were feeling the stigma, but I was really astonished by how high the numbers really were," said Dr. Katherine Gold, the study's lead author. She's an assistant professor of family medicine and obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor.
The researchers believe the study is the first to ask doctors about mental health questions that pop up on most state medical licensing applications.
The concern is that some state reporting requirements are so sweeping that they cover prior illnesses that have been resolved, including postpartum depression, or conditions that are well controlled, the study authors noted.
The study involved female physicians, but Gold said stigma and mental health reporting issues apply to both men and women. She suspects that even more male physicians would hesitate to seek mental health care because of stigma-related concerns.
For the study, members of a closed Facebook group of physicians were invited to take the survey. The investigators chose the group because its roughly 57,000 members, who are also mothers, represent a variety of specialties — not because they were women.
The anonymous survey ran from February to April 2016. The researchers posed 20 quantitative questions and four open-ended questions about mental illness treatment and reporting. More than 2,100 physicians from all 50 states and the District of Columbia responded.
One in three women said she had been diagnosed with a mental health condition at some point since medical school. But only 6 percent of those who were ever diagnosed or treated for a mental condition reported that information to the state, the survey findings showed.
Some doctors even admitted to seeking care in a different city or health system, paying cash for mental health-related prescriptions or writing their own prescriptions for medication.
"In my own practice, I'll sometimes see physicians who have anxiety and depression, and most of the time they are very worried about my putting that in their record or having that diagnosis appear," Gold said.
Three-quarters of the women who had been diagnosed or treated said their condition didn't pose a potential safety risk to patients.
One physician who disclosed her well-controlled depression reported having to meet with a medical board-approved psychiatrist who charged $1,000 for a 15-minute visit at Starbucks.
"Taking care of one's mental health is the best way to keep practicing safely and competently," said Dr. Christine Moutier, chief medical officer at the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention.
"But the way medical boards ask questions about doctors' mental health versus physical health are completely misaligned. These broad questions, even about conditions that are well managed, threaten doctors' occupational viability," she said.
That leads some doctors to simply avoid care or seek care in dysfunctional ways, Moutier noted.
The study authors pointed out that their results may be limited by the physician sample. These doctors were slightly younger overall than most practicing physicians.
Still, the findings raise ethical concerns about reporting requirements that prompt doctors to forgo needed care, the researchers said.
"We're really undertreating physicians at the same time we're trying to break the stigma for the general population," Gold observed.
And although survey participants didn't say so, questions about mental illnesses that don't impair doctors' ability to function on the job may violate the Americans with Disabilities Act, the study authors added.
Lisa Robin, chief advocacy officer at the Federation of State Medical Boards, said, "The issue of physician mental health is important."
And, she added, "because it has potential impacts on patient safety, state medical boards are taking steps to raise awareness and seek ways to ensure the licensure system is responsive to it."
As an example, Robin cited the federation's recently launched Workgroup on Physician Wellness and Burnout. A key goal is to reduce stigma associated with seeking help for burnout, which may include depression and anxiety.
The study was published online recently in General Hospital Psychiatry.
For information on specific mental health issues, visit the " target="_new">U.S. National Institute of Mental Health.
Source: HealthDay
Posted in Health and Wellness, Lifestyle
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COVAX Program Has Now Sent 1 Billion COVID Vaccines to Poorer Nations
CBD and Cannabis Products for Acne, Psoriasis? Buyer Beware, Dermatologists Say
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Why Quitting Smoking Might Be a Bit Tougher for Women
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We love the style and look of these high-top trainers from GBB. With a blue leather upper, they have a classic sporty allure with a modern silhouette. With a rubber outer sole, the Renold has a leather lining. A fabulous urban trainer, finally available in children's sizes!


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Vale Patrick Byrne
Thu 29 May 2014, 04:00 PM
The Sydney Roosters extend their condolences to the family and friends of Patrick Byrne, who passed away last week.
A talented rugby league player, Patrick played for the Roosters in the mid-1990s, appearing in two grand finals with the club's President's Cup (under 21s) side, including 1993 – the year the Roosters claimed the President's Cup title.
Patrick also played for the Coogee Dolphins Rugby League club, and later held the position of Coogee Dolphins Rugby League President.
He was awarded the Australian Bravery Medal in 2008 for his heroic efforts in the Bali Bombings of 2002.
Patrick was a passionate rugby league supporter and much-loved local identity, and will be sadly missed.


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Captain America's 7 Most Patriotic Moments
Filed to:Superlist
The original cover for Captain America: White #1, by Tim Sale.
This year, Captain America, the most patriotic superhero in American comic book history, turns 75. Between getting his superpowered juice back in this week's comic, and Civil War hitting theaters soon, it's been a great year so far for Steve Rogers. To celebrate, we thought we'd take a look back at Cap's most American moments.
7) That Time He Dueled The Ancestor of a Colonial Traitor, and Won
This story from Captain America #200—the cover of which had the most incredible subtitle of "On the 200th anniversary of the United States of AMERICA WILL DIE! And only Captain America can save it!"—is pretty bizarre. Cap and Falcon are working to stop a radical terrorist group, lead by William Taurey, from detonating a "madness bomb" that would turn the entire country insane.
But Taurey is more than just a nutjob. He's the ancestor of a colonial traitor that one of Steve Roger's ancestors, who was actually the Revolutionary War's own Captain America, killed in a duel when he tried to warn the British about Washington's approach on their forces. Taurey was desperate to avenge his traitorous ancestor with a bit of treachery himself, but Cap challenged him to a duel, and then basically forced Taurey to wuss out from pulling the trigger, arresting him and saving America from going insane. (Insert modern political commentary here.)
6) That Time He Saved the U.S. Flag From a Burning Building
Perhaps the most absurd moment of overt patriotism on this list, this scene from Marvel Fanfare #18 is still pretty awesome. Cap is brought in to stop a gang of hooligans, disgruntled about paying high taxes, that are burning down buildings to extort money from the government. When he corners their leader, the goon attempts to burn a nearby U.S. flag... and Cap beats the shit out of him before he can.
Defeated, the criminal sets himself on fire to avoid being arrested, leading to the glorious moment above, of Cap running out of the burning building, flag in hand. Somewhere out there, a bald eagle is crying after reading this.
5) That Time He Took SHIELD to Task For Threatening Civil Liberties
In more recent times, Steve Rogers has been through some crazy stuff—he's spent the past year drained of his superpowers, a tired old man. But that, and the changing world around him, never stopped him from having faith in doing the right thing.
When SHIELD recently attempted to use fragments of a Cosmic Cube to alter the fabric of reality itself without public knowledge, both Steve and his current successor as Captain America, Sam Wilson, publicly decried the Intelligence organization's actions. But there was conflict between Sam and Steve over how the information got out—a whistleblower leaked confidential SHIELD information that revealed the plan and put the lives of SHIELD agents in danger. Sam wanted to protect the leaker, but Steve championed the justice system—it was a noble act, but they had to pay the consequences for breaking the law.
It doesn't at all sound patriotic until you see Sam and Steve argue in Sam Wilson: Captain America #2 over it, a reflection of how the two heroes truly differed, as Steve argues: if an American can't believe in their own justice system, what kind of justice could they believe in? It might be a bit naive today, especially from Sam's perspective, but it's the sort of naivety that makes perfect sense for Steve Rogers.
4) ...And When He Did /It Again in Civil War
In the original Civil War, Cap's defense of a superhero's right to operate independently (and with a secret identity) put him not just at odds with Tony Stark and SHIELD, but with the government and the public at large. On the run with his team of rebellious Avengers, Steve was standing against regulation as the ultimate arbiter of personal freedoms.
Eventually, after Spider-Man defects to his side, the webslinging hero asks Cap how he can go on fighting for what he believes in even with so many Americans against him, leading to Steve giving an incredibly powerful speech about the importance of even a single person standing up for freedom and what's right. "No, you move" indeed, Mr. Rogers.
3) That Time He Turned His Back on the Government and Captain America
A common theme in Captain America storytelling is the dichotomy between Captain America being seen as a tool of the U.S. Government, and Steve Rogers believing himself to be aforce for the American people. Perhaps the most iconic of these moments comes at the climax of Captain America #332, part of a famous arc known as "Captain America No More!"
It began when Cap discovered that the upper echelons of the government, including a President who totally wasn't Richard Nixon you guys, were actually members of a terrorist group called the Secret Empire. A group known as the Commission wants to put Captain America on a tighter leash, offering Steve an ultimatum: become an official government agent and perform missions on their behalf, or quit.
Steve Rogers chooses to quit, delivering a potent speech about everything that he stands for in the process.
2) That Time He Declined the Presidency
Maybe you think declining the chance to hold the office of the U.S. President is not the most patriotic thing in the world. But Cap has constantly argued that the government is not an entity he wishes to serve, as much as he admires its systems and place in American society.
In Captain America #250, Cap finds himself in an awkward position when the thing he does serve—the American people—want him to hold office. There's a huge push to see him become President, so when he eventually speaks up and declines, it's not a moment of frustration: it's Captain America telling people that basically ascending to the highest position in American society would not allow him to be free enough.
As you might have figured out by this point, aside from super strength, Steve Roger's greatest superpower is the ability to give a damn good speech.
1) That Time He Punched Hitler In The Face
The very first issue of Captain America Comics came out a year before the attack on Pearl Harbor that would bring the United States into the second World War, but it was a politically-charged clarion call from Joe Simon and Jack Kirby—a man clad in the American flag taking the fight to a threat unlike anything the world had ever seen. It's a moment that's been homaged and parodied since—this week's Sam Wilson: Captain America #7 cover is a direct homage, for example—but at the time, as the comic reached hundreds of thousands of people, it was inspirational.
You know what the strangest thing is though? Cap doesn't fight Hitler in the issue. It's just the cover art—and yet, 75 years to the month later, it's still Captain America's most iconic moment, and definitely his most patriotic.
James is a News Editor at io9. He wants pictures. Pictures of Spider-Man!


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Wednesday 9 October 18:00 - 19:30
SE10 9BD
Stockwell Street
11_0004 (LT)
Liberalism & Posthumanism
Liberalism & Posthumanism: Can Black Mirror's San Junipero be our better future?
Values, Speciation, Cyborgs, Purpose and Language.
We will be exploring such possibilities at the furthest edge of our imagination.
As human values, cultures and societies move through a period of intense change, we explore possibilities at the furthest edge of our imagination. What will it mean to exist in a post-human society and, as a species used to being all powerful, how will this affect our liberal values? What is the future of self-hood?
Panel includes:
Professor Mark O'Thomas - Pro Vice Chancellor, Faculty of Liberal Arts & Sciences
Ghislaine Boddington - Reader, School of Design, Greenwich & Director of body>data>space
Alan Lockey - Associate Director and Head of the RSA Future Work Centre
Satinder P. Gill - Researcher at CMS University of Cambridge and Associate Editor for AI & Society
Looking into one of the scenarios of future through Humanum ex Machina: Translation in the post-global, posthuman world, Mark O'Thomas researches at the interface between translation, adaptation and dramaturgy. Mark's presence in this event will help us understand the meaning and interpretation of these terms, allowing us to explore the juxtapositions in the hierarchy of social values.
Our views towards the future have already shifting our definitions of identity. Is it possible for these changes to take place in way that it is harmonious, with an honest expression of self/ves? Ghislaine Boddington explores highly topical digital issues for our living bodies, including our personal data usage, machine human integrations, transhumanism and cyborg evolutions. Her focus is on the blending of our virtual and physical bodies.
We will also be joined by Alan Lockey , Associate Director and Head of the RSA Future Work centre, to shed light on the RSA perspective around these themes. The Future Work Centre is looking at the positive and negative impact of new technologies, mass automation of jobs, downward pressure on wages and excessive surveillance in the workplace, to equip policymakers, employers and educators with the insights to prepare today's workers for tomorrow's workplace.
Satinder P. Gill - works as a researcher at CMS University of Cambridge and she is an Associate Editor for AI & Society: Journal of Knowledge, Culture, and Communication, and author of Tacit Engagement (2015). She is Investigating the processes underlying knowledge transfer and emergence in human interaction. She also focuses on the exploration of the dynamics of technologically-mediated interaction and the ethics and aesthetics of engagement.
Book : Tacit Engagement (2015)
Followed by drinks and networking
Invitation to an Exhibition DIVERSITY AND INCLUSIVITY BY DESIGN: EMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS. At our event space you are invited to explore the exhibition and socialise. Stephen Lawrence Gallery
The day before on 08 October 2019: Black Mirror's San Junipero theatre screening. Please join us for the screening of San Junipero at the same location.
Bulgarian Bliss
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Ranking & Recognition
Like our clients, Frantz Ward values the importance of equity, inclusion, and diversity, and understands that a diverse workplace enriches the personal and professional lives of each of our employees. We believe we provide a stronger and better place to work, think and grow when we draw from the views of people with diverse backgrounds and characteristics, such as different races, ethnicities, religions, genders, sexual orientation, abilities and ages.
We recognize that achieving a truly inclusive and diverse working environment is an on-going process, and we are committed to ensuring that everyone at Frantz Ward has a meaningful work environment and that our clients benefit from our differences. It's this strong belief in the benefits diversity and inclusion bring to our firm that, shortly after the firm's founding 22 years ago, we created an internal Diversity Equity & Inclusion Committee that focuses on promoting diversity and inclusion and raising awareness of its importance throughout the firm and our community. Partner Nora Loftus (pictured top right) is Chair of the Frantz Ward Diversity Equity & Inclusion Committee. As part of this Committee, our Women's Initiative, chaired by Partner Ch ristina Niro (pictured bottom right) also helps build a firm culture where all can thrive and build successful and rewarding legal careers.
Below are some highlights of our work to promote diversity and inclusion within the firm and throughout our community.
Annual third-party diversity training to all attorneys and managers of the firm.
Internal mentorship program for all associates.
Third-party guest speakers/roundtables open to all employees to discuss critical diversity and inclusion issues.
Participant/employer of the Diverse Attorney Pipeline Program (DAPP) for women of color law students.
Participant/employer of the Saint Martin de Porres High School Corporate Work Study Program.
Participant/sponsor of the FDCC Ladder Down Program focused on training women lawyers in the critical areas of leadership, business development, and mentorship.
Participant in the Cleveland Metropolitan Bar Association Midwest Diversity Fair.
Recruit from a diverse group of law schools, including historically black law schools, and advertise all open associate positions with minority bar associations.
Sponsor events for organizations such as Karamu House, Rainey Institute, Near West Theatre, The Diversity Center of Northeast Ohio, National Diversity Center, Northern Ohio Italian American Foundation, Irish American Law Society of Cleveland, Northeast Ohio Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, Mandel Jewish Day School, West Side Catholic Center, Urban Community School, and Values in Action.
Participate, in fact four partners hold leadership roles, in the Racial Equity And the Law (REAL) Working Groups developed through the Cleveland Metropolitan Bar Association taking action for Continuing Criminal Justice Reform; Police Reform; Interrupting the Legal Profession's Systemic Inequities; and Promoting and Growing White Allyship.
Host several internal events and projects to promote inclusion, including commissioned artwork by McCain Arts - a female-owned business - to capture the words of the staff and attorneys on what Frantz Ward means to them; conducted a painting party involving a tree to connect staff members together; incorporated historic wall art and named a conference room after Kadish, Hinkel & Weibel, after joining Frantz Ward in 2019.
We are also extremely proud of our diverse individual attorneys and employees who are routinely recognized for their efforts in promoting diversity, equity and inclusion throughout the community:
Partner Marc Sanchez named to the inaugural Latino Leaders Worth Watching by Profiles in Diversity.
Partners Nora Loftus and Christina Niro named to the Women Worth Watching by Profiles in Diversity.
Bradley Ouambo named to the "Twenty in their 20s" list by Crain's Cleveland Business.
Partner Marc Sanchez recipient of the Volunteer of the Year Award from El Barrio Workforce Development Program and recipient of the NFL Hispanic Heritage Foundation Leadership Award.
Partners Nora Loftus and Melissa Jones recipients of the YWCA of Greater Cleveland's Women of Professional Excellence Award.
Partner Christina Niro recipient of the YWCA of Greater Cleveland's Distinguished Young Lawyer Women Award.
Partner Marc Sanchez named to the "40 Under 40" list by Crain's Cleveland Business.
Mansfield Certification
Frantz Ward is excited to share that it is participating in the Mansfield Rule for Midsize Firms, an innovative national initiative to foster meaningful positive change in diversity, equity, and inclusion in leading law firms.
Through its participation in Diversity Lab's Mansfield Rule initiative, Frantz Ward reaffirms its commitment to consider an intentionally diverse pool of candidates for entry level and lateral attorney positions, as well as promotions, leadership, and high visibility positions within the firm. The Rule also includes a commitment to be transparent in the firm's internal governance, particularly with selection guidelines and job descriptions for existing management roles and committees, and a knowledge and information sharing process with other participant firms. The process is an eighteen-month review period which can lead to certification beginning in March 2022 through June 2023.
The rule is named after Arabella Mansfield, the first woman admitted to the practice of law in the United States. It was one of the winning ideas from the 2016 Women in Law Hackathon hosted by Diversity Lab in collaboration with Stanford Law School and Bloomberg Law.
Back to Firm


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text:
Annals of the Congress of the United States, Parte2
Por United States. Congress
Relations with Spain.
all the rigbt bank of the Mississippi, and over all composed of Spaniards and Americans, formally the territories and waters from the former to the appointed and authorized by their respective Govright shore of the latter. Even the French them. ernments, can, and ought alone, to examine and fix selves, notwithstanding this famous grant, never the boundaries between the possessions of the two veptured to go beyond the certain and well-known Powers, keeping in view the documents exhibited limits of their settlement, or violate those of the on both sides, and comparing them on the spot territory and dominions of the Crown of Spain. with the points to which they refer. The basis It is therefore of no consequence to us if such a I now speak of, as necessary for this demarcation blunder was committed by those who penned the of boundaries, must be sought for precisely in the said grant at Fokainebleau. Il a document of most marked, leading, and notorious points, which this nature was sufficient to dispossess a nation of showed the proper direction and extent of the its dominions, or of any part of them, what secu. territories of Spain, France, and England in 1763 rity could there be in any part
of the possessions and 1764, since we cannot seek for them in preof independent Kingdoms and States ? Can there ceding periods, the possessions of the three Powers be a mind capable of conceiving that such a pa- in this part of the American continent being then per can fail to be absurd and completely despica- very different from what they have been after ble, since it never took effect, has always been re- those periods, in virtue of public treaties, which sisted as rash and extravagant, and since the are, and ought to be, inviolable. incontestable rights of Spain to the property and The situation, therefore, of the three Powers, possession of the said territories existed ibed, and until 1763, was as follows: the Crown of Spain do still exist? Certaioly not.
extended its dominion to the east, over the right The Court of France was immediately sensible side of the Mississippi, from its mouth to The of the extravagance of that grant, as no farther mouth of the Missouri; and to the north, over mention was made of it. On the contrary, when the right side of the latter river, from its mouth it ceded Louisiana to Spain, in 1764, M. Kerlet, to its source. Florida, already contracted by the who had been many years Governor of thai intrusive establishment of Louisiana, commenced Province, was ordered to draw up a memoir, con, at the river Perdido, and extending eastward totaining a description of its proper extent and wards the river Santa Maria, (St. Mary's,) inlimits. This memoir, delivered by ibe Duke of cluded the whole peninsula, which extends as far Choiseul, Minister of France, to the Spanish Am- as the twenty-third degree of south latitude. Its bassador at Paris, as a supplement to the act of northern boundary was not yet fixed. In addicession of Louisiana, agrees substantially with tion to the colony of Louisiana, such as I have that which I have just now pointed out. I would shown it was, and ought then to be, France pos. carry this demonstration still farther, if I thought sessed the territories of Upper and Lower Canit necessary; and I will do so if you shall bave ada, extending south to a line running from the anything to object to it. In the meantime, I now river Alivamoa, and following tbe chain of the confine myself to declare to you, sir, and to the Alleganies until it struck above Chaleur bay. Government of the United States, in the name of England extended her possessions to the south the King, my master, that, although Spain has of the said line, on the coast of the Atlantic, from an original and indisputable right to all the right the river St. Mary to the river St. Croix, and bank of the Mississippi, His Majesty has resolved added to those possessions all the territory lying to claim this right solely with a view to adhere north of the two Canadas, as far as Hudson's to the uti possidetis, or state of possession in bay and Lake Winnipeg, which had been ceded which the Crown of Spain was when she ac- to her by France, at the peace of 1713. quired Louisiana in 1764, and in which that of But France, as you know, sir, was, by the treaty Érance was at the time she made the cession. of 1763, excluded from the continent of North His Majesty, paying due respect to all such trea- America, with the exception of Louisiana, then ties and conventions as have caused a change in reduced io the island of New Orleans, and to the the state of possession of the two nations in that tract of country to the north of Missouri, and expart of America, religiously confines himself to lending to the British possessions. By that treaty, the express period when Louisiana was circum- she ceded to Eugland both the Canadas and all scribed by the well-known extent and boundaries that part of Louisiana extending over the left with which it passed into the hands of the Uni- side of the Mississippi from its source to the bayou ted States.
Maochac, and thence following the left of the As these boundaries, to the westward of the river Iberville, the lakes Maurepas and PontcharMississippi, although always notorious and ac- train, the coast and islands, to the river Perdido. knowledged, have not been marked out with the Spain ceded, in like manner, Florida to England, formality necessary to avoid doubts and arbitrary such as I have described it; and in the year 1764, pretensions, and as it is only evideot that they un- which is the second period when it is necessary doubtedly proceed from the Mexican Gulf, by the to distinguish and fix the_basis referred to, she river Mermento, or Mermentayo, and Arroyo Hon- acquired, by cession from France, her remaining do, by drawing a line between Nalchitoches and portion of 'old Louisiana. She afterwards acAdaes, which crosses the Red river, and extends quired what France ceded to the English on the towards the Missouri, I have done no more than left of the Mississippi, and Florida, also, which point out the basis for a line of demarcation; and she had ceded to them io 1763, as is proved by
, This
1763 and 1764, before mentioned, are those which discuss the different points on which your Governit is necessary to keep in view, together with that ment founds claims against those of His Catholic of St. Ildefonso, by which Spain ceded back to Majesty. France what she had received from her; and As this matter was sufficiently discussed (venFrance accepted the delivery, declaring herself tilado) and placed in the strongest light of evisatisfied, and taking possession by virtue of an act dence by the Spanish Government, in the notes of His Catholic Majesty, which expresses the re- addressed by it to Mr. Pinckney, at Aranjuez, and trocession of Louisiana by Spain to France such afterwards to the American commission, comas she had received it from France in 1764. posed of that gentleman and Mr. Monroe, and
The treaties between France and the United also in those which, in the last instance were adStates, aod between the latter and Spain, (the dressed by it to Mr. Erving, at Madrid, I shall first in 1778, and the second in 1795,) must like resume the subject briefly and precisely, merely wise be kept in view, to illustrate incontestable touching on the principal points of the dispute, rights and establish unalterable principles. To and showing, with simplicity and clearness, to the treaties just mentioned, your Government and what the state of the question is reduced, and His Catholic Majesty may add all such other ti- in what manner it should be fairly and justly tles and documents as may be thought necessary arranged. to remove or settle any doubt which may arise I divide into iwo classes the points on which in the subject-matter, to the end that the basis of your Government demands satisfaction and ina demarcation may be laid down upon a due uo- demnification of His Catholic Majesty. The first derstanding, and established and fixed with the comprehends the injuries, losses, and damages, greatest possible exactness.
suffered by American citizens from Spanish auYou are perfectly aware, sir, that there can be thorities and subjects, and those suffered by the no other just mode of settling ihe dispute in rela- subjects of the Crown of Spain from American tion to the question of boundaries, and that it is authorities and citizens. The second comprethe one which has always been adopted by all hends the losses, damages, and injuries, sustained nations in similar cases; it being the anxious by American citizens from captures made by wish of His Catholic Majesty that this demarca- French cruisers on the coasts of Spain, and contion may be so accomplished as to leave no room demned by French Consuls residing in the Spanfor doubts or controversy in future, by proceeding ish ports. To this the whole question of indemni. to it with good faith, and in a maoner that may fication is reduced. be satisfactory to both parties.
The points embraced by the first class are as I therefore conclude this note with the same follows: 1st. The damages and injuries uplaw. opinion I expressed in my former one, namely, fully caused by Spanish authorities and subjects that it is indispensable to examine, ascertain, and on American citizens, and by American authori. agree on the points necessary and essential to the ties and citizens on the subjects of the Crown of establishmeni of the true boundaries which sep. Spain, in violation of the law of nations and of arate, or ought to separate, Louisiana from the the existing treaty, during the war between Spain Spanish dominions; and that this can only be and Great Britain, which terminated at the peace determined by the mode proposed. If you will of 1801. 2dly. Damages and injuries sustained be pleased to point out to me any other, which, by American citizens in consequence of the inwhile it fulfils that object, may be conciliatory terruption of the place of deposite at New Orleans, and compatible with the rights and honor of the by an order of the intendant of the royal treasury Crown of Spain, you may be assured, sir, that I of Spain in the province of Louisiana. 3dly. lo. shall adopt it with pleasure, as I shall hereby juries, damages, and losses caused to citizens of further the intentions of my Sovereigo, which the United States by Spanish authorities and are to terminate as speedily as possible ihe dis- subjects, and by American authorities and citizens putes now pending in an amicable manner, so as to Spanish subjects, directly or indirectly, from to leave no spark of disagreement in future. the year 1801 until the period when the corres
With these sentiments, I have the honor 10 pondent convention between the two Governoffer myself to your disposal, and pray God to meats on all the points embraced by the question preserve you many years.
of spoliations shall be concluded and signed. LUIS DE ONIS. Those which are comprehended in the first
point are acknowledged to be evidenuly founded
on justice; and, to carry them into effect, there The same to the same.
exists ever since 1802 a convention stipulated WASHINGTON, January 8, 1818. and signed between Spain and the United States. Sir: Having stated to you in my notes of the You are aware, sir, ihat the suspension of this 29th of the last, and 5th of the present month, all convention did not originate with His Catholic that I thought proper and necessary on the sub- Majesty's Government. His Majesty is ready ject of boundaries, that we may ascertain, dis- to give full effect to it; and on the basis of tbat cern, and fix with impartiality, justice, and good convention we can establish and agree on what faith, those which divide, or ought to dívide, Lou may be most just, suitable, and expeditious, to isiana from the Spanish possessions situate to the make a reciprocal satisfaction for the aforesaid east and west of that province, acquired from injuries and losses, comprehending in the conFrance by the United States, l'now proceed to I vention to be stipulated and signed for that purRelations with Spain.
pose all the injuries and losses respectively suf. His Catholic Majesty is disposed to yield to the fered since 1801 to the present, because these two reclamation of the United States on this point, points only are distinct in point of time; but, as provided they still insist on it, and to submit it, you are perfectly aware, ibey are, in all other with the others spoken of, to the investigation respects, of a like nature, and therefore of equal and decision of the joint commission. There rights and justice.
will, therefore, be no difficulty in also including The first and third points are consequently to this point, as far as it relates to injuries really be acknowledged as substantially forming only caused by the order of the Intendant of New Orone, subject to the examination and decision of leans, in the convention to be formed and signed, the joini commission which is to determine the if required by you, it being His Catholic Majesnecessary compensation, in virtue of the con- ty's desire to give continued proofs to the United vention to be stipulated on the basis of that of States of his frankness, good faith, and conde1802.
scension. I now proceed to the claim for losses The second point, namely, that of the suspen- and injuries committed on citizens of the United sion of the deposite at New Orleans, might be States by French cruisers and tribunals, in the omitted. You are aware, sir, that it lasted but a capture of American vessels on the coasts of very short time, and in the depth of Winter, when Spain, and their condemnation in Spanish ports, the exportation of the produce of the Western forming the object of the second part of this States was very inconsiderable, and very hazard- question, or thai embracing the points of the secous and difficult; that, moreover, the order of the ond class, in the order of the enumeration I have Intendant produced no other inconvenience to adopled. the American citizens than the trifling one of This part of the question was discussed in a loading in the stream instead of laying their boats very luminous manner in the notes addressed by along ihe quay at New Orleans; and that the His Catholic Majesty's Government to the Amerisaid order of the lotendant was an arbitrary act, can Ministers on the 10th of February and 5th of duly disapproved of by His Catholic Majesty, March, 1805; and you are aware that no reply and for which he directed his Minister to give was made on the part of the United States, weaksuitable satisfaction to the United States in his eping in the least the force of the principles and royal name. The United States having received the truth of the facts on which the opposition of it, this affair ought from that time to be considered His Catholic Majesty to a responsibility for those as terminated.
damages and injuries was grounded. You will On the other hand, you cannot but admit that agree with me, sir, that there is no possibility of His Catholic Majesty was not bound to continue deciding, by a general rule, the extent of the rethe deposite at New Orleans after the termina- sponsibility of a nation on whose coasts and ports tion of the precise period stipulated by the treaty aggressions have been committed by another of 1795, by which His Catholic Majesty only against a third party, as it depends in a great agreed to designate another spot for the said de- degree on the circumstances of ihe case, and the posite, upon the banks of the Mississippi. As this particular stipulations binding on nations. new spot was to be to the satisfaction of the Uni- By the treaty between Spain and the United ted States, it was for them to point out and ask for States, the obligation of Spain is reduced to exit. The suspension ordered by the Intendant, al- ercise its good offices with the offending party, though highly disapproved by the Spanish Govo and to aid the claims of the party aggrieved. ernment, was in consequence of the scandalous " Each party shall endeavor, (says the treaty,) contraband and abuses by which, under cover of by all means in their power, to protect aod dethe deposite, enormous frauds were committed fend all vessels and other effects belonging to the on the royal revenue. By the treaty no provision citizens or subjects of the other, which shall be was made for this case, nor was there any stipu- within the extent of their jurisdiction, by sea or lation relative to the time wbich was to inier- by land, and shall use all their efforts to recover vene during the removal of the deposite from and cause to be restored to the right owners their New Orleans to another spot on the bank of the vessels and effects, which may have been taken Mississippi, or to the intermediate period between from them within the extent of their said juristhe suspension of the said deposite and the assigu- diction, whether they are at war or not with the ing another situation for it.
Power whose subjects have taken possession of The Government of Spain was, therefore, not the said effects." bound to become answerable for the losses and On the part of Spain this has been done; and injuries eventually sustained by the short inter. if her efforts have not produced the desired effect, ruption of the deposite, since such obligations the fault does not rest with her. Besides, the incould only grow out of the stipulations of that juries done by French privateers on the coasts and treaty, which does not contain a single word that, in the ports of Spain to American citizens have has the most distant allusion to such an obliga a particular character, which relieves the Govtion or engagement on the part of His Catholic ernment of Spain from all obligation to indemnify Majesty.
them for those losses, even although such obligaNotwithstanding these reasons, and various tion had existed. The United States were not at others which I could adduce, to prove that the war with France, consequently their recourse, as Government of Spain cannot be bound to make the aggrieved party, was always open to the Govsatisfaction for the aforesaid losses and damages, Jeroment and tribunals of the aggressor. Spain
15th Con. 2d Sess.-55
was then in alliance with France, and both were the United States resulting from the existing at war with Great Britain. She, therefore, could treaty between the two nations. I mean, how. not prevent the privateers of her ally from enter. ever, in case Spain had not been the ally of France ing her ports, as they were not fitted out agaiost at the period, (because, even in that case, the the Americans, but against the English. If these principle I have just indicated would govern,) privateers, after going on their cruise, committed bui, being then the ally, of France in ihe war aggressions on American vessels, on pretence of against Great Britain, she might certainly emconsidering them or their cargoes as English, ploy, among the exceptions exempting ber from the Spanish Government could peither foresee all responsibility in the case here treated of, the nor prevent it. The injuries were already done principle which served as the ground of Sir W. before it was apprized of them. Neither was it Scott's decision in the British admiralty court. in the Spanish ports where the injury was com- But I do not consider it necessary further to illuspleted, but in France, by the tribunals of cassation, trate these legal objections of the Government of io which the Americans appealed from the deci. Spain against the claim of your Government for sion of the French Consuls residing in the ports the aforesaid injuries, inasmuch as this capital of Spain. It was unquestionably in France that exception attends it, namely, that satisfaction for the offence and injury originated, and in France those injuries was already made to the United were they consummated. How, then, can in- States by Frauce; and, consequently, this affair demnification be claimed of Spain for such inju. is, and ought to be, considered as setiled and terries, and not of France, who was the cause of minated. This essential exception makes it suthem, and the Power enabled to compel the ag- perfluous to produce others, since the obligation gressors to make due satisfaction, as they were spoken of, which was and could only be bat one, her subjects, and had given the requisite bonds in is thereby evinced to have been extinguished. her courts for their good conduct in their cruises ? The French Government has positively declared You cannot but be sensible, sir, that, according that, * in the special convention concluded beto every principle of reason and justice, it would tween France and the United States, this point evidently and unquestionably be monstrous to was setiled; and that the said convention, by claim these indemnifications of Spain, as the which this claim and demand of the United States Power existed then, and still does exist, which for due compensation for the losses and damages caused the injuries here treated of.
now spoken of were attended to and redeemed, I would go still further to show that, by no was ratified in 1802, together with the treaty of established principle of the law of nations, can cession or sale of Louisiana ;" that is to say, that Spain be considered responsible for such indem the amount of the said injuries and losses was nifications, not even indirectly, in case France then estimated and compensated in the price should refuse to make them. I would cite, among stipulated for Louisiana ; so that full compensa. others, the case in which Sir W. Scott, judge of tion was then made to the United States for all the High Court of Admiralty of Great Britain, that was estimated and agreed on between the decided that prizes made by a belligerent, and French and American Governments as forming carried into the ports of a Power its ally, and the value of the said losses and injuries. The ibere condemned, are justly and lawfully con- French Ambassador al Madrid gave a verbal as. demned, according to ihe law of nations; and surance to this effect to His Catholic Majesty's that the owners of the property prior to its con- Minister of State, and the Minister of Foreign demnation have no longer a claim to it after con- | Affairs of France gave a similar assurance to the demnation has taken place. From this and other Spanish Ambassador at Paris. His Catbolic Madecisions, it follows that the Government to whose jesty also demanded a formal and categorical ansubjects the property condemned belonged has no swer of the French Government on this point, ground to bring forward complaints or claims which formal declaration I here copy; it is thus against the Government of the country where expressed in the note transmitted by the Minister the prizes were made, because the condemnation of France to the Ambassador of His Catholic is conformable to the law of nations, the sentence Majesty : pronouncing it is valid, and the authority condemning the property legal, and proceeded ac
"BOURBON L'ARCHAMBAULT, cording to rule.' This doctrine is well known "8th Thermidor, 12th year, (July 27, 1804.) and acknowledged in the United States, as also " MONSIEUR L'AMBASSADEUR: I have duly laid the principle that, when a pation has employed before His Imperial Majesty the note which you its good offices, and taken such means as are in did me the honor to address to me, dated the 241h its power to procure satisfaction for the offence, July, relative to the discussion which has taken and obtain compensation for the injuries com- place between the Court of Spain and the Gov: mitted on its coasts and in its ports, on a friendly erpinent of the United States. I shall not fail or neutral nation, it is bound to nothing more, immediately to submit to him the more ample although its good offices and endeavors may not explanations which your excellency apnounces have produced the desired effect. This principle your intentions of making to me, both verbally was applied by Mr. Jefferson, in his letter of ihe and in writing, on this dispute, which seems to 5th September, 1793, 10 Mr. George Hammond. threaten the good understanding existing between It is admitted by the best civilians, and agrees the United States and your Court. Although I perfectly with the obligations of Spain towards might yet defer giving my opinion to your excelRelations with Spain.
lency, in consequence of your intention to fur- uneasiness it has charged you to express are nish me with the explanatory statements which somewhat exaggerated, either from the impresyou anpounce, I do not besitate to inform you sion they have produced at Madrid, or from the by anticipation that His Imperial Majesty cannot construction, possibly too extensive, which the but be extremely sensible to the uncertain and Minister of the United Stales to His Catholic uneasy position in which two Powers in amity Majesty may have, perhaps, given to his instrucwith France are placed by this misunderstanding, tions. There is no room to suppose that a Gov. and that he will certaioly do whatever may de- vernment, anxious as that of the United States is pend on him to prevent iis coming to an unfor- to establish a general opinion of its wisdom and tunate issue.
moderation, would resolve op engaging in an un"It is several months since I was informed by just war through motives of ambition; but as the Chargé d'Affaires near the Federal Govern ihe United States attach great importance to the ment of the pretensions of that Government rela. acquisition of a part of Florida suited to their tive to a portion of country bordering on Florida, convenience, it is not to be doubted that they which has become a greai object of ambition to will make every effort to obtain it. The ground the Americans, in relation to the establishment of this dispute, therefore, rests entirely on this of their revenue system; and it seemed to me, point. Perhaps the Federal Government may from this information, that it was important thai have thoughi that it would tend to promote a ne the Federal Government should use all the means gotiation for exchange, by exciting a diplomatic in its power to obtain the annexation of this quarrel. The wisdom of His Catholic Majesty frontier portion of Florida to Louisiana ; but the will certainly suggest to him what is proper to opinion due to the justice and moderation which be done on this occasion, with a view to termidistinguish the personal character of the Presi- nate a dispute which, I have no doubt, will incesdent of the United States has not, nor does it yet santly be revived, so long as no change shall take permit me to think that menaces, provocation, place in the actual relative position of Louisiana and groundless hostility may be considered by and the Floridas; but on this point it is for the him as the most suitable means to enable the wisdom of His Catholic Majesty to decide. The United States to acquire a portion of territory United States are not founded in making any belonging to a foreign Power which suits their claim on His Majesty. A positive declaration convenience.
was made to them that Louisiana was delivered "Respecting the second point in dispute, which to them such, and with the same extent it had your excellency does me the honor to speak of in when acquired by France; and this declaratige your note, I must say that I had previously no will again be made to them as often and as pose knowledge of it. And, indeed, if I had been in- lively as His Catholic Majesty will desire it. formed that His Catholic Majesty's Ministers "I request your excellency to receive the assuhad carried their condescension for the Govern. rances of my highest consideration. ment of the United States so far as to engage
CHA. MAU. TALLEYRAND. themselves towards it for indemnifying viola- 6 To Admiral TRAVINA, tions pretended to bave been committed by France, " Ambassador of His Catholic Majesty." I should certainly have received orders from my Government to express the dissatisfaction which You see, sir, that this declaration of the French France must feel on the occasion of so upseemly Government is conclusive, and that the responsia deference; and this dissatisfaction would have bility for losses and injuries caused by French been expressed still more warmly to the Govern cruisers and tribunals on the coasts and in the ment of the United States than to that of Spain. ports of Spain is removed from the period of that There is every reason to suppose that the Court agreemeni; and that to renew a claim for what of Spain, by thus yielding to an improper de has been already paid and satisfied would be exmand, has emboldened the American Govern acting double reparation for one and the same ment, and determined it to become pressing, and injury, and double payment for one and the same even menacing on this occasion. As for the rest, debt. Notwithstanding, if the United States have explanations formerly given to your Court on still a claim for the complete fulfilment of this this point, as well as those which have been au- satisfaction and payment, His Catholic Majesty thorized to be given to the Government of the is ready to unite his good offices and earnest reUnited States by the Chargé d'Affaires of His quests io this claim of your Government on that Imperial Majesty, must enable you to judge of of France, in order that she may perform, and the opinion formed by His Majesty on this ques- cause to be performed, whatever may be justly tion, whicb, having already been ibe subject of required in behalf of American citizens who have a long negotiation, and of a formal convention sustained losses and injuries by her cruisers and between France and the United States, cannot tribunals. To this the obligation of Spain, in the again become a subject of discussion.
present case, is reduced; and His Catholic Ma" Such, Monsieur l'Ambassadeur, are the re- jesty's Government offers immediately to sustain marks that I have thought proper to make in the all the just pretensions which the Government first instance, in answer to the preliminary note of the United States may be desirous to form of your excellency. In addition, I must observe against the Government of France on this point, thai, in my opinion, the demonstrations which or to demand of it all such explanations as may appear to me to have given your Government the be judged necessary to clear up all doubts, if any


The purpose of this study is to examine the relative variables between lifelong education practice and lifelong education leader's characteristics in village that personal characteristics, educational participation, network characteristics and empowerment characteristics. The results of this are as follows: Firstly, the village lifelong education leaders of women, low ages, high educational background, longer living and much leadership experiences in village have been practicing the lifelong education in village. Secondly, the village lifelong education leaders who have participated much more the programs have been practicing the lifelong education in village. Thirdly, the empowerments for the village lifelong education leader are understand the residents in village, operation and management technology of program, positive attitude and voluntary thoughts.
경상북도평생교육진흥원. (2015). 경상북도 마을평생 교육지도자 역량강화 및 활용방안 연구. 대구: 경상북도평생교육진흥원.
김경아. (2015). 마을평생교육지도자의 교육참여특성에 관한 연구. 대구대학교 석사학위논문.
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김남선, & 안현숙. (2015). 지역학습공동체 구축을 위한 주민조직 지도자의 역량에 대한 이론적 탐색. 한국평생교육학회 연차학술대회 자료집(305-312).
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김성의. (2010). 평생학습마을 만들기에 관한 주민의 요구 및 인식 연구. 숭실대학교 석사학위논문.
김애련. (2004). 대학평생교육원 성인학습자의 학습성과 인식 연구. 단국대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.
박서호, & 박장홍. (1993). 마을연구 방법론 정립에 관한 연구: 마을의 개념정립 및 인식방법을 중심으로. 한국지역개발학회지, 5(2), 71-90.
배영주. (2014). 마을 공동체 조직화 사업으로서 '평생학습마을 만들기' 성공 추진을 위한 과제 탐색. 한국정책연구, 14(4), 155-172.
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text:
aeFaceSet::aeFaceSet(aeObject * parent, const char * name, uint32_t tsi)
    : m_abc(new abcFaceSet(parent->getAbcObject(), name, tsi))
    , m_schema(dynamic_cast<abcFaceSet&>(*m_abc).getSchema())
{
}

void aeFaceSet::writeSample(const aeFaceSetData & data)
{
    AbcGeom::OFaceSetSchema::Sample sample;
    sample.setFaces(Abc::Int32ArraySample(data.faces, data.face_count));
    m_schema.set(sample);
}

aePolyMesh::aePolyMesh(aeObject *parent, const char *name, uint32_t tsi)
    : super(parent->getContext(), parent, new abcPolyMesh(parent->getAbcObject(), name, tsi), tsi)
    , m_schema(getAbcObject().getSchema())
{
}

abcPolyMesh& aePolyMesh::getAbcObject()
{
    return dynamic_cast<abcPolyMesh&>(*m_abc);
}

abcProperties aePolyMesh::getAbcProperties()
{
    return m_schema.getUserProperties();
}

size_t aePolyMesh::getNumSamples()
{
    return m_schema.getNumSamples();
}

void aePolyMesh::setFromPrevious()
{
    m_schema.setFromPrevious();
}

void aePolyMesh::writeSample(const aePolyMeshData &data)
{
    m_buf_visibility = data.visibility;
    m_buf_points.assign(data.points, data.points + data.point_count);
    m_buf_normals.assign(data.normals, data.normals +  data.point_count);
    m_buf_uv0.assign(data.uv0, data.uv0 + data.point_count);
    m_buf_uv1.assign(data.uv1, data.uv1 +  data.point_count);
    m_buf_colors.assign(data.colors, data.colors +  data.point_count);

    m_buf_submeshes.resize(data.submesh_count);
    for (int smi = 0; smi < data.submesh_count; ++smi)
    {
        auto& src = data.submeshes[smi];
        auto& dst = m_buf_submeshes[smi];
        dst.indices.assign(src.indices, src.indices + src.index_count);
        dst.topology = src.topology;
    }

    m_ctx->addAsync([this]() { writeSampleBody(); });
}

int aePolyMesh::addFaceSet(const char *name)
{
    auto fs = new aeFaceSet(this, name, m_tsi);
    int ret = (int)m_facesets.size();
    m_facesets.emplace_back(fs);
    return ret;
}

void aePolyMesh::writeFaceSetSample(int faceset_index, const aeFaceSetData& data)
{
    if (faceset_index >= (int)m_facesets.size())
    {
        DebugLog("aePolyMesh::writeFaceSetSample(): invalid index");
        return;
    }
    m_facesets[faceset_index]->writeSample(data);
}

void aePolyMesh::writeSampleBody()
{
    const auto &conf = getConfig();

    // handle swap handedness
    if (conf.swap_handedness)
    {
        SwapHandedness(m_buf_points.data(), (int)m_buf_points.size());
        SwapHandedness(m_buf_velocities.data(), (int)m_buf_velocities.size());
        SwapHandedness(m_buf_normals.data(), (int)m_buf_normals.size());
    }

    // handle scale factor
    float scale = conf.scale_factor;
    if (scale != 1.0f)
    {
        ApplyScale(m_buf_points.data(), (int)m_buf_points.size(), scale);
        ApplyScale(m_buf_velocities.data(), (int)m_buf_velocities.size(), scale);
    }

    auto facecount = 0;
    auto attribScope = Alembic::AbcGeom::GeometryScope::kFacevaryingScope;

    // process submesh data if present
    {
        m_buf_indices.resize(0);
        m_buf_faces.resize(0);

        int offset_faces = 0;
        for (size_t smi = 0; smi < m_buf_submeshes.size(); ++smi)
        {
            auto& sm = m_buf_submeshes[smi];
            m_buf_indices.insert(m_buf_indices.end(), sm.indices.begin(), sm.indices.end());

            int ngon = 0;
            int face_count = 0;
            switch (sm.topology)
            {
                case aeTopology::Lines:
                    ngon = 2;
                    face_count = (int)sm.indices.size() / 2;
                    break;
                case aeTopology::Triangles:
                    ngon = 3;
                    face_count = (int)sm.indices.size() / 3;
                    break;
                case aeTopology::Quads:
                    ngon = 4;
                    face_count = (int)sm.indices.size() / 4;
                    break;
                default: // points
                    ngon = 1;
                    face_count = (int)sm.indices.size();
                    break;
            }
            m_buf_faces.resize(m_buf_faces.size() + face_count, ngon);
            facecount+= face_count * ngon;

            if (smi < m_facesets.size())
            {
                m_tmp_facecet.resize_discard(face_count);
                std::iota(m_tmp_facecet.begin(), m_tmp_facecet.end(), offset_faces);

                aeFaceSetData fsd;
                fsd.faces = m_tmp_facecet.data();
                fsd.face_count = (int)m_tmp_facecet.size();
                m_facesets[smi]->writeSample(fsd);
            }

            offset_faces += face_count;
        }

        attribScope = facecount == m_buf_indices.size() ? Alembic::AbcGeom::GeometryScope::kFacevaryingScope : Alembic::AbcGeom::GeometryScope::kVertexScope;
    }

    // handle swap face option
    if (conf.swap_faces)
    {
        RawVector<int> face_indices;
        auto do_swap = [&](RawVector<int>& dst) {
                if (dst.empty())
                {
                    return;
                }
                int i = 0;
                int num_faces = (int)m_buf_faces.size();
                for (int fi = 0; fi < num_faces; ++fi)
                {
                    int ngon = m_buf_faces[fi];
                    face_indices.assign(&dst[i], &dst[i + ngon]);
                    for (int ni = 0; ni < ngon; ++ni)
                    {
                        int ini = ngon - ni - 1;
                        dst[i + ni] = face_indices[ini];
                    }
                    i += ngon;
                }
            };
        do_swap(m_buf_indices);
    }

    // write!
    writeVisibility(m_buf_visibility);

    AbcGeom::OPolyMeshSchema::Sample sample;
    sample.setFaceIndices(Abc::Int32ArraySample(m_buf_indices.data(), m_buf_indices.size()));
    sample.setFaceCounts(Abc::Int32ArraySample(m_buf_faces.data(), m_buf_faces.size()));
    sample.setPositions(Abc::P3fArraySample(m_buf_points.data(), m_buf_points.size()));
    if (!m_buf_velocities.empty())
    {
        sample.setVelocities(Abc::V3fArraySample(m_buf_velocities.data(), m_buf_velocities.size()));
    }
    if (!m_buf_normals.empty())
    {
        AbcGeom::ON3fGeomParam::Sample sp;
        sp.setVals(Abc::V3fArraySample(m_buf_normals.data(), m_buf_normals.size()));
        if (m_buf_normals.size() == m_buf_points.size())
        {
            sp.setIndices(Abc::UInt32ArraySample((const uint32_t*)m_buf_indices.data(), m_buf_indices.size()));
        }

        sp.setScope(attribScope);
        sample.setNormals(sp);
    }
    if (!m_buf_uv0.empty())
    {
        AbcGeom::OV2fGeomParam::Sample sp;
        sp.setVals(Abc::V2fArraySample(m_buf_uv0.data(), m_buf_uv0.size()));
        sp.setScope(attribScope);

        if (m_buf_uv0.size() == m_buf_points.size())
            sp.setIndices(Abc::UInt32ArraySample((const uint32_t*)m_buf_indices.data(), m_buf_indices.size()));
        sample.setUVs(sp);
    }
    m_schema.set(sample);

    if (!m_buf_uv1.empty())
    {
        if (!m_uv1_param.valid())
        {
            bool indexed = m_buf_uv1.size() == m_buf_points.size();
            m_uv1_param = AbcGeom::OV2fGeomParam(
                m_schema.getArbGeomParams(), "uv1", indexed, AbcGeom::GeometryScope::kConstantScope, m_buf_uv1.size(), getTimeSamplingIndex());
        }

        AbcGeom::OV2fGeomParam::Sample sp;
        sp.setVals(Abc::V2fArraySample(m_buf_uv1.data(), m_buf_uv1.size()));
        sp.setScope(attribScope);

        if (m_buf_uv1.size() == m_buf_points.size())
            sp.setIndices(Abc::UInt32ArraySample((const uint32_t*)m_buf_indices.data(), m_buf_indices.size()));
        m_uv1_param.set(sp);
    }

    if (!m_buf_colors.empty())
    {
        if (!m_colors_param.valid())
        {
            bool indexed = m_buf_colors.size() == m_buf_points.size();
            m_colors_param = AbcGeom::OC4fGeomParam(
                m_schema.getArbGeomParams(), "rgba", indexed, AbcGeom::GeometryScope::kConstantScope, m_buf_uv1.size(), getTimeSamplingIndex());
        }

        AbcGeom::OC4fGeomParam::Sample sp;
        sp.setVals(Abc::C4fArraySample((abcC4*)m_buf_colors.data(), m_buf_colors.size()));
        sp.setScope(attribScope);

        if (m_buf_colors.size() == m_buf_points.size())
            sp.setIndices(Abc::UInt32ArraySample((const uint32_t*)m_buf_indices.data(), m_buf_indices.size()));
        m_colors_param.set(sp);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub