text:
Magazine Article (237)
Aaron S Hamilton (2)
Andrew C A Jampoler (3)
Andrew Faltum (2)
Angus Britts (2)
Ann Todd (2)
Anthony J Cumming (2)
Arthur Marder Introduction by Barry Gough (5)
B A Friedman (3)
Bernard D Cole (4)
Bernard Edwards (2)
Brian Lavery (7)
CDR Richard R Hobbs USNR Ret (2)
Clark G Reynolds (2)
Edited and Introduced by Norman Friedman (3)
Edited by James C Bradford (3)
Edited by the Kure Maritime Museum and Kazushige Todaka Translated by Robert D Eldridge with Graham B Leonard (4)
Edited by Thomas J Cutler (15)
Gerhard Koop and KlausPeter Schmolke (6)
Ian Johnston (3)
James E Wise Jr and Scott Baron (4)
James Webb (3)
(-) John B Lundstrom (3)
John Roberts (4)
Kathleen Broome Williams (3)
Malcolm Wright (3)
Norman Friedman (12)
Norman Friedman Ship plans by A D Baker and Alan Raven (3)
Paul Stillwell (3)
Robert C Stern (5)
Robert N Macomber (3)
Samuel Eliot Morison (16)
Sean M Maloney (3)
Spencer C Tucker (3)
Steve Dunn (3)
Thomas Wildenberg (4)
Vincent P OHara (6)
Vincent P OHara and Leonard R Heinz (3)
Ward Carroll (4)
William F Trimble (3)
William Laird Clowes (3)
Black Shoe Carrier Admiral
Frank Jack Fletcher at Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal
By John B. Lundstrom
This is the first paperback edition of the revisionist work about Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher, who won his battles at sea but lost the war of public opinion. A surface warrior, Fletcher led the carrier forces in the Pacific that won against all odds at Coral Sea, Midway, and the Eastern Solomon's. Despite these successes, during the post-war Fletcher had ...
The Royal Navy
An Illustrated History
By Anthony J. Watts
The Royal Navy's long and glorious tradition of service to Britain is covered in this fascinating, illustrated history—from the age of empire, when it was the most powerful navy in the world, through two world wars, to its present status as a vital part of the NATO alliance.
Shield and Sword
The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf War
By Edward J. Marolda and Robert J. Schneller Jr.
Essential reading as part of the Chief of Naval Operation's Professional Reading Program!
Though not so well known as the land and air campaigns, the campaign at sea in the 1991 Gulf War was vital in subduing Saddam Hussein's invasion forces and driving them out of Kuwait. U.S. Navy surface ships and submarines launched hundreds of cruise missile attacks ...
Fatal Cruise of the Argus
Two Captains in the War of 1812
By Ira Dye
This is history, vibrant and on a grand scale and rich in the details of seafaring life with a focus on an American and a British naval officer whose separate paths converge in 1813 during a fierce battle between the Argus and the Pelican.
The First Team
Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway
Hailed as one of the finest examples of aviation research, this comprehensive 1984 study presents a detailed and scrupulously accurate operational history of carrier-based air warfare. From the earliest operations in the Pacific through the decisive Battle of Midway, it offers a narrative account of how ace fighter pilots like Jimmy Thach and Butch O'Hare and their skilled VF squadron ...
Strategic Theories
By Admiral Raoul Castex, French Navy; Selections translated and edited, with an introduction by Eugenia C. Kiesling
Admiral Raoul Castex is France's most important modern naval strategist. Military historian Eugenia Kiesling offers the essence of Castex's original five volume study, Théories Stratégiques, in a useful one-volume abridgment and a very readable translation. It emphasizes the admiral's method of strategic analysis while omitting most of the historical narrative. Included are chapters defining strategy and relating it to policy ...
The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign
Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942
From huddled command conferences to cramped cockpits, John Lundstrom guides readers through the maelstrom of air combat at Guadalcanal in this impressively researched sequel to his earlier study. Picking up the story after Midway, the author presents a scrupulously accurate account of what happened, describing in rich detail the actual planes and pilots pitted in the ferocious battles that helped ...


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Wellness & Education Community Action Health Network
North Carolina > Siler City > AIDS 97 pageviews
97 pageviews
info@wecahn.org
PO Box 857 Siler City NC 27344 USA
www.wecahn.org
WECAHN
Causes: AIDS, Health, Health Support, Public Health
Mission: WECAHN (Wellness and Education Community Action Health Network) formerly Chatham Social Health Council was formed in 1991 as a volunteer task force. In the 24 years that WECAHN has been in existence, a group of dedicated community members have volunteered their time in an effort to stop the spread of HIV through prevention education in schools, churches, and other community groups, and to provide support and advocacy to people affected by HIV/AIDS. One example of the Council's innovative approach to educate the community on HIV/AIDS issues is the Barbers and Beauticians United in Prevention project that involves training barbers and beauticians to serve as community educators by providing HIV/STD information to their customers in their shops and salons. WECAHN now has a mobile testing van called the Condom-mobile that reaches several counties and provides HIV/STD testing where people live. WECAHN also offers Bi-Lingual Medical Case Management for people living with HIV/AIDS. We recently expanded our mission to include other health disparities. In November, we will start our new LGBTQ Youth Safe Spaces initiative in 3 area counties.
Target demographics: Communities
Direct beneficiaries per year: Thousands of people
Geographic areas served: Chatham, Alamance, Durham, Orange, Lee, Wake and Randolph Counties in North Carolina
Programs: Promoting health and wellness in our communities by offering prevention education, testing, access to care, and support services for people infected, affected or at high risk for HIV/AIDS, STD's and other health disparities.
You're donating to Wellness & Education Community Action Health Network
A donation of to Wellness & Education Community Action Health Network has been added to your Giving Basket!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Demons are real in freaky, SDCC trailer for Fox's The Exorcist series
Jul 22, 2016, 11:27 AM EDT (Updated)
Share Demons are real in freaky, SDCC trailer for Fox's The Exorcist series on Facebook
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Tag: The Exorcist
Fox is gearing up to bring one of the scariest films ever made to the small screen, and unveiled a freaky new trailer for The Exorcist at San Diego Comic-Con.
The series is, of course, based on the acclaimed horror film that is essentially distilled nightmare fuel. The show looks to string that concept out to a long-form story, focusing on a young priest (Alfonso Herrera) who enlists the help of an old(er) priest (Ben Daniels) to help a mother (Geena Davis) who is worried her daughter might be possessed. The trailer helps set the stakes, and includes some freaky, jump scare moments that would be right at home in a Blumhouse film.
More San Diego Comic-Con
Go Inside the Millennium Falcon
Nic Cage insists Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance is NOT a sequel
As for the series itself, the pilot does a serviceable job of establishing this world and these characters, and though it's not ground-breaking, it manages to do enough that you'll probably want to come back to see where the story goes next. Is that enough for a full season of television? Only time will tell.
But, in the meantime, the new trailer from SDCC is worth a few good scares.
The Exorcist premieres Sept. 23 on Fox.
Check out the trailer below and let us know what you think:


text:
[![Travis CI
Status](https://api.travis-ci.org/camptocamp/ngeo.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/camptocamp/ngeo)

ngeo is a JS library that aims to ease the development of applications based on
[AngularJS](https://angularjs.org/) and [OpenLayers 3](http://openlayers.org).

More specifically, ngeo is a collection of AngularJS Directives and Services
useful for developing applications combining AngularJS and OpenLayers 3.

Through the Directives, Services and examples it provides, ngeo defines
a specific way to combine Angular and OpenLayers 3 in an application.

ngeo uses [Closure Tools](https://developers.google.com/closure/): the
JavaScript code of ngeo uses Closure Library, and it is checked and compressed
using Closure Compiler.

If you use ngeo we recommend that you also use Closure, because this is the way
we design and use ngeo at Camptocamp. But using Closure is not mandatory:
standalone builds of ngeo can be created.

Currently, ngeo doesn't have an API documentation. To know what features ngeo
provides and how to use ngeo you can look at the
[examples](https://camptocamp.github.io/ngeo/master).

Docs:

* [Developer guide](docs/developer-guide.md)
* [Application development guidelines](docs/guidelines.md)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Browse shows by letter
Browse productions by decade
Kennedy Center Revival (2002)
unknown location
London Revival (2003)
UK Tour (2004)
Australian Premiere (2008)
Click on the title for info on the song.
Take that Look Off Your Face
Let Me Finish
It's Not the End of the World
a.k.a. It's Not the End of the World (If He's Married)
a.k.a. It's Not the End of the World (If He's Younger)
Goodbye Mum, Goodbye Girls
Haven in the Sky
First Letter Home
Second Letter Home
Capped Teeth and Caesar Salad
You Made Me Think You Were in Love
Third Letter Home
Unexpected Song
Come Back With the Same Look in Your Eyes
Let's Talk About You
Fourth Letter Home
Ready Made Life
I'm Very You
Nothing Like You've Ever Known
Fifth Letter Home
Somewhere, Someplace, Sometime
Studio Cast Recordings
No studio cast recordings listed.
Demos & Pre-Production Recordings
No demos listed.
No source listed.
Emma, a young British hat designer, has come to New York City to live with a drummer. A series of relationships (with varying degrees of success) follows as she reports to her parents back home.
Trivia & History
Originally released as an album in 1979, Tell Me On a Sunday became the first act of Song and Dance (1982).
No additional titles listed.
Copyright ©2021 ovrtur.com


BEIJING -- China should amend its laws and policies on land administration to ensure that all the land expropriated are for "public interests", said a political advisor on Monday.
"Measures should be taken to extend the land owners' rights to know and participate in land expropriation procedure," said Li Dongyu, member of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), at a CPPCC plenary session.
Li, also vice chairwoman of the CPPCC Shaanxi committee, proposed that related departments should draw a list of purposes for which land could be expropriated, to prevent misuse of land.
She also called for reinforcing the plans and regulations on land administration to better control the total amount of land for construction use.
Premier Wen Jiabao said in his government work report on Thursday that China had already intensified the protection of arable land in 2008.
"We will adhere to and apply the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares," pledged Wen.
China is facing a sharp conflict between land supply and demand, and the area of arable land, which had shrunk by 4.6 million mu from the end of 2006 to 1.827 billion mu, slightly above the minimum of 1.8 billion mu (120 million hectares) set by the government.


text:
Q: How to fix PySpark, jdk memory -issue? I seem to have a memory problem using PySpark's ML package. I am  Trying to use ALS.fit on a 40 million rows dataframe. Using JDK-11 produced the error:
"java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer.cleaner()Lsun/misc/Cleaner"

It worked with 13 million rows, so I guess its a memory cleaning issue.
I tried it using java JDK-8, like proposed here:
Apache Spark method not found sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer.cleaner()Lsun/misc/Cleaner;
, but I still run into an error, because heap Memory doesnt suffice: I get this error message:
"... java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space ..."

Someone has an idea how to circumvent this?
I am using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Python 3.6 and PySpark 2.4.2 .
edit:
this is how I patched together my Spark Context configuration:

*

*I have 16 gb of RAM

conf = spark.sparkContext._conf.setAll([
      ("spark.driver.extraJavaOptions","-Xss800M"),
      ("spark.memory.offHeap.enabled", True),
      ("spark.memory.offHeap.size","4g"),
      ('spark.executor.memory', '4g'),
      ('spark.app.name', 'Spark Updated Conf'),
      ('spark.executor.cores', '2'),
      ('spark.cores.max', '2'),
      ('spark.driver.memory','6g')])

I'm not sure if this makes sense!
These are the first lines of the error message:
[Stage 8:==================================================>   (186 + 12) / 200]19/07/02 14:43:29 WARN MemoryStore: Not enough space to cache rdd_37_196 in memory! (computed 3.6 MB so far)
19/07/02 14:43:29 WARN MemoryStore: Not enough space to cache rdd_37_192 in memory! (computed 5.8 MB so far)
19/07/02 14:43:29 WARN BlockManager: Persisting block rdd_37_192 to disk instead.
19/07/02 14:43:29 WARN BlockManager: Persisting block rdd_37_196 to disk instead.
19/07/02 14:43:29 WARN MemoryStore: Not enough space to cache rdd_37_197 in memory! (computed 3.7 MB so far)
19/07/02 14:43:29 WARN BlockManager: Persisting block rdd_37_197 to disk instead.
19/07/02 14:43:29 WARN MemoryStore: Not enough space to cache rdd_37_196 in memory! (computed 3.6 MB so far)
[Stage 8:======================================================>(197 + 3) / 200]19/07/02 14:43:29 WARN MemoryStore: Not enough space to cache rdd_37_192 in memory! (computed 5.8 MB so far)
[Stage 9:>                                                        (0 + 10) / 10]19/07/02 14:43:37 WARN BlockManager: Block rdd_40_3 could not be removed as it was not found on disk or in memory
19/07/02 14:43:37 WARN BlockManager: Block rdd_40_4 could not be removed as it was not found on disk or in memory
19/07/02 14:43:37 WARN BlockManager: Block rdd_40_7 could not be removed as it was not found on disk or in memory
19/07/02 14:43:37 WARN BlockManager: Block rdd_41_3 could not be removed as it was not found on disk or in memory
19/07/02 14:43:37 WARN BlockManager: Block rdd_41_4 could not be removed as it was not found on disk or in memory
19/07/02 14:43:37 WARN BlockManager: Block rdd_41_7 could not be removed as it was not found on disk or in memory
19/07/02 14:43:38 ERROR Executor: Exception in task 7.0 in stage 9.0 (TID 435)
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
19/07/02 14:43:39 WARN BlockManager: Block rdd_40_5 could not be removed as it was not found on disk or in memory
19/07/02 14:43:38 ERROR Executor: Exception in task 4.0 in stage 9.0 (TID 432)
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
        at scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuilder$ofInt.mkArray(ArrayBuilder.scala:327)
[...]

A: Eventually you probably want to expand memory heap with the help of -Xmx parameter.
You can determine how much memory it needs using various methods. You can simply increase heap until it works, or you can define very large heap and then see how much of it is used and make it proper.
You can monitor heap usage with different ways, for example:

*

*run your application with options to write garbage collection log -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintGCDetails -verbose:gc -Xloggc:/some_path/gc.log

*run your application with command line option: -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=summary or -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=detail and use jcmd utility: jcmd  VM.native_memory summary

*or some other way, even using graphical utilities, just google it if you need it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Profile model association question Is it a good idea to make a profile its own model with a has_one/belongs_to association with the User model, or should the attributes of a profile just be columns in the user database?

A: This is really a design decision that needs to be decided by how its going to be used.
I've recently created a program that has a 'user' and 'profile' model separated with the 'user' always having the a 'profile' constraint.
I did it this way since there is nothing in the 'user' table other then information needed to login a user or allow the admin to see/do certain things.
Whereas the 'profile' model contains data that can be viewed and searched on by other members.
But again, its a design decision you have to make based on how the data will be used.


IMPACT Exhibition and Convention Center, Muang Thong Thani has been awarded the 'Thailand MICE Venue Standard' symbol in the Meeting Room category by Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau or 'TCEB' on January 29, 2015 at Meeting Room 1, Millennium Hilton Bangkok. TCEB conducted an evaluation among 72 MICE venues in Thailand's five MICE Cities including Bangkok, Pattaya, Phuket, Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, and Hat Yai. 42 organizations and 114 meeting room have been certified as Thailand MICE Venue Standard. IMPACT's 8 meeting rooms has met criteria; they are Royal Jubilee ballroom, Grand Diamond ballroom and Phoenix 1-6. The assessment and awarding ceremony aim to build confidence among both domestic and international organizers and choose Thailand for their MICE events as well as encourage MICE operators to develop their potential.
TCEB has developed the Thailand MICE Venue Standard (TMVS) to serve as a role model to create a unified ASEAN MICE Venue Standard for wider regional application.


text:
Travel, Travel Journal
The Aru Ressha Sweet Train, Pretty Little Mamedamachi And A Night In Fukuoka, Japan
The next morning in Kyushu, we woke up bright and early (nothing quite like jet lag to help you get an early start on your day) to breakfast at our Ryokan in Beppu.
Breakfast if a full-on affair with options to go for a full Japanese breakfast affair or the more Western option (egg, bacon…etc).
I decided to go for the Japanese option which turned out to be way more interesting, largely because I didn't quite know what to do with what.
There's a box that arrives with different options with a boiling pot of Tofu and you eat your way from top to bottom. I don't really have photos from breakfast on this morning (bar the two above) but I'll show you more what this looks in an upcoming post (where I had my camera with me at breakfast).
Breakfast done with, I went on a little walk around the Ryokan (we'd arrived late at night so didn't really get a to see it properly outside)…
…before making our way over to Oita station for a rather unique experience! (Oh yeah, to get to Oita – we just caught a train from Beppu station to Oita station, it was pretty quick and convenient).
Said, unique experience would be hopping aboard the Aru Ressha Sweet Train (the full name is actually "JRKYUSHU Aru Ressha Sweet Train")!
I remember first hearing about the "Sweet Train" before even arriving in Japan (it's one of the top things to do here) and wondering what it actually was. Was it a train you could eat? (Y'know like a dessert.) I found out it was an actual train which then begged the question – Why was it sweet?
On further digging, I found out that it's called the "Sweet Train" because it's a unique dining experience where you hop aboard this beautifully designed train (it's absolutely gorgeous) for about 2.5 hours, cruising through the Japanese countryside as you work your way through a 6-level, 10-course menu from all parts of the Kyushu (with all the ingredients grown locally in Kyushu).
The chef is called Yoshihiro Narisawa and he owns a 2-Michelin Star restaurant in Tokyo called 'Narisawa' which is one of the top 50 restaurants in the world! Suffice to say, you're in for a treat when you hop aboard this train.
The menu changes, by the way, but for ours, here's the menu below.
Oh, and you don't start anything without bubbles! 😀 (Suffice to say, if you're not a drinker, you have other options too).
By the time we worked our way through the Harvest Festival, Cold Winter Wind and First Frost (the first 3 'levels' of the menu – see above), we arrived at Bungo-Mori Station, a pit stop in our journey to Hita (where the train stops).
After a quick walk around Bungo-Mori (there's apparently an abandoned 'roundhouse' you're supposed to check out here but I couldn't quite figure out how to get there from this side of the tracks), we hopped back on board and made our way over to Hita…
…finishing off the rest of our absolutely delicious menu!
Seriously, dining aboard the Aru Ressha has got to be one of the best and most unique dining experiences in the world. It kinda also helps that there's so much on board this train I just wanted to cart home with me – the design is absolutely stunning and I'm so pleased we got to do this while in Kyushu.
Alas, eventually, we did have to get off the train at Hita though, in Hita (and within walking distance from the station) is the pretty little town of Mamedamachi.
Mamedamachi feels like stepping back into the past and with good reason too. The buildings here date back to the Edo period and given how shiny part of Japan can feel (especially in its big cities), this is such an interesting side to Japan than I'm so pleased we got to visit.
First things first though – souvenir hunting! There are so many quaint little shops here and so we just popped into them with no plan or pattern, with one in particular – Nurimonoya, catching my attention. Nurimonoya makes lacquered wooden figured, delicately painted and so cute I just knew I had to get a pair.
We then spent the rest of the afternoon just kicking around Mamedamachi, stopping off for a drink to cool off in the surprisingly warm weather (back home in London, people were already starting to deal with freezing temperatures by this point), checking out the temples and basically taking in the sights and sounds of Mamedamachi.
Leaving Mamedamachi, there was one place we really wanted to visit and that was the Ukiha Inari Shrine.
Again, getting around Kyushu is so easy (reminds me a lot of how convenient it is to get around by train in the UK) so we hopped aboard a train from Hita and headed over to Ukiha.
Ukiha Inari Shrine is a Shinto shrine, heralded by over a hundred torii gates, leading up to the mountains from the valley below. (There's a gap near the top where you turn left and find the final set of torii gates leading you up to the shrine).
By the way, if you're here in spring, this is an amazing place to see the cherry blossoms (sakura) so be sure to head up here.
After a little while checking out not just the shrine, but the view of the countryside, we hopped back onto the train and made our way over to Fukuoka (city), where we would be spending the night.
By the way, you might find something here a bit confusing – there are two 'Fukuoka's, same way there are two 'Oita's, two 'Nagasaki's… etc. There's the prefecture (which I guess can be described as the 'region') and then there's the actual city itself. So when you hear Oita, it could be the prefecture or the city. The difference is in the 'ken' and the 'shi'. Oita-ken refers to the prefecture (the wider region) and Oita-shi refers to the city. The same applies to Nagasaki, Fukuoka, Saga…etc The 'ken' and the 'shi' differentiate between the prefecture and the city respectively; so for the past day or so, we've predominantly been hanging out in Oita-ken and didn't really visit Oita-shi.
In Fukuoka(-shi), we checked into the Grand Hyatt (the main train station here is called Hakata, by the way) and immediately headed out for dinner.
Dinner was a spot that comes highly recommended by locals called Kawatarou which is famous for its squid cuisine.
There's more on offer here too (so you don't have to have squid if you don't want to) but with the squid literally swimming in the middle of the restaurant, this is probably the freshest squid tempura (or calamari) you're gonna have.
I started off with some sake before switching to the sweeter Umeshu – a delicious plum liquor that goes down far too easily.
For dinner, we predominantly stuck to sashimi, taking a detour in the form of fried chicken (it's more like tempura chicken and it was delicious).
Too intrigued by Fukuoka, we headed down to the river where locals were dining on what I've been told is some of the best ramen in town…
…before doing a circle right back to our hotel, just in time for the lights and water show right behind the Grand Hyatt.
(By the way, we didn't get to see this but we've been told – and I actually overheard some other travellers talking about this – that the Godzilla show is the one to see! It's like this 3-D show and is one of those things that you're initially sceptical about but turns out to be pretty amazing!)
And with that, we decided to call it a night. We had to be up, bright and early for what is easily the highlight of our time in Kyushu (I'll tell you all about it in the next post) and I wanted to be well-rest, bright-eyed and bushy-tailed for that part of our trip in Kyushu!
(*If you're too impatient to wait – there's a clue what this is on our Instagram already. 😉 ).
AsiaFukuokaHitaJapanKyushuMamedamachiOitaUkiha
Photos And Postcards From Bohol In The Philippines
12 Beautiful Places To Visit In Ireland
Travel, Travel Inspiration
7 Magical Fairy Tale Travel Destinations That You Have To Visit!
This Is Your Oasis Of Calm In Ibiza – Soulshine Yoga Retreat
Thailand Adventures – Two Nights in Phuket!
How To Organise A Perfect Weekend In Paris For Less
17 Things To Do In New York City (In Less Than 90 Seconds)
A Day In Squamish – One Of The Best Views In British Columbia, Canada
16 Images From Around The World That Will Inspire Your Photography Today!
48 Hours In The Nordics??? *falls off our chair in excitement!*
10 Beautiful Places In Canada To Visit In Summer And Winter
11 Beautiful Places In Italy To Visit
Visit Ancient Rome… in the South of France!
Monterosso al Mare in Cinque Terre, Italy – The Photo Diary! [5 of 5]
7 Effective Ways To Become A Better Version Of Yourself This Year!


text:
Q: Change button link after click I have a <button> element inside a <form> that has onsubmit='return false' so if I try to link the button inside an <a> tag it won't be called. Right now if you click that button it will execute an animation, and since onsubmit returns false the page isn't reloaded, but I want that same button to open https://google.com i.e. after it has been clicked once, I've tried adding the attributes method=GET action=google.com to the form using JQuery
once the button is clicked but it opens google on the first click, not in the second one. Any ideas?
<form class="box" id="box" onsubmit="return false">
  <button class="sign-button">Submit</button>
</form>

A: A simple location.href="http://google.com"; should do the trick

A: This will have to be done in JavaScript. In the example below I've used jQuery to make it simpler.
var checkedAlready = false;

$('.box button.sign-button').click(function () {
    if (!checkedAlready) {
        // Do animation...
        checkedAlready = true;
    } else {
        location.href = "http://google.com";
    }
});


Babysitting. Most people consider it a job. I, on the other hand, consider it a joy. An interval from the "grown up" life. There is possibly nothing sweeter than looking into the eyes of such innocence and freedom when so much evil is swirling around in our crazy world. The humorous moment when you're hurriedly putting together a lunch for hungry bellies and you turn around to see a child with his pants lying inadvertently on the floor with an "uh oh". Or the sweet moment when a darling child slips into your lap and curls up to you to watch the show "lassie".
These are happy moments. These are sweet moments. These are the times when I can truthfully say, "Mr. Frodo, there is indeed still good in this crazy world."


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As we are fast approaching the end of the financial year and having just sorted out some of my own accounts, I thought it would be a great time to share some quick insights from Hughes Davies Accountancy on Tax Planning.
Tax planning is a process where you make use of all available exemptions, deductions, reliefs, and rebates in your financial planning. It is about implementing various strategies to reduce your tax liability but doing so in a legal manner that is right and appropriate for your business.
Tax Planning? It's the one subject that I hesitate to write about. Why? Tax changes so quickly and because it is impossible to give advice without knowing individual circumstances.
Nevertheless, there are some general and straightforward things it is useful to be aware of. These will allow you to have more productive and meaningful discussions with your accountant to help you save money on your next tax bill.
Firstly, tax is a complicated area of accountancy, so DON'T TRY AND DO IT YOURSELF, take advice. By that I mean proper advice, not the sort that comes from a "friend" or the man propping up the bar in the pub.
Your friend may well pay less tax than you, but people are notoriously inexact about their earnings, keen to boast and don't usually understand their tax bill. Their circumstances may be very different to yours.
Tax planning is something that should be done during the year, not after, and certainly not just before the payment date for your tax.
Know what you are legally allowed to claim as expenses. Look at what your expenses are and what bracket they fit in to. Again it is advisable to discuss this with an accountant.
Good bookkeeping will give you the facts so you can have a reasonable discussion about your tax without having to wait until draft accounts have been prepared – it may be too late by then.
Well organised records will help you keep track of and claim all business expenses – you're much less likely to have unexplained expenditure which you can't claim for because you can't remember what it was for.
While all expenditure should be supported by a receipt, I wouldn't go as far as to exclude expenses simply because the receipt has been misplaced. Note down what the expense was for, when you spent it and hopefully you will be able to show it was a reasonable business expense. This should of course be the exception – if your records are littered with un-receipted expenditure, you'll obviously have a problem.
Timing of purchases and investments and having relevant and appropriate expenses is something to be aware of – check with your accountant to be sure. Don't just go buying something random to lessen your liability. Is the purchase / investment justifiable?
Tax planning does not mean failing to put all your takings through the books because "that is what everyone does". This is not tax planning, it's fraud.
We are Online accountants here to help you. Providing your accounts online, anytime, anywhere. No appointments necessary and no expensive fees.
If you would like to discuss your accounts and financial planning, if you would like to know more about how we can help you please do get in touch.


You'd be hard-pressed to find a gym selfie on Kendall Jenner's Instagram account – believe us, we tried – but that's not to say she doesn't work out. A lot.
Her personal trainer, Beverley Hills based Gunnar Peterson, has revealed to Us Weekly just how hard the Victoria's Secret model works to maintain her enviable physique.
Peterson has trained stars of the likes of Kim and Khloe Kardashian, Sofia Vergara and Jennifer Lopez – so pretty much all of the hottest bods in LA – and this is how he does it.
We don't know what a lot of that means, but it sounds intense.


The Crystal Clear collection of Sunglasses for men and women is inspired by the '90s and is designed for those who love fun, for those who love music, for those who love to express themselves through their style. It combines transparent frames with pop colors and polarized cosmetic lenses in pastel hues according to 90's fashion. And it just #soundslikeyou.
This feminine model offers an oversized oval shape silhouette popularized by singer Kurt Cobain.
This women sunglasses model flaunts a soft cat-eye shape perfectly reflecting the latest summer trends.
This unisex model features clear-cut, squared lines.
The Crystal Clear collection landed at the I-Days Festival, a music festival in Milan sponsored by Polaroid Eyewear.


text:
author: jeffatwood
comments: true
date: 2009-03-09 04:36:19+00:00
layout: post
redirect_from: /2009/03/the-value-of-downvoting-or-how-hacker-news-gets-it-wrong
hero:
slug: the-value-of-downvoting-or-how-hacker-news-gets-it-wrong
title: The Value of Downvoting, or, How Hacker News Gets It Wrong
wordpress_id: 802
tags:
- company
- community
---

Paul Graham's [Hacker News](http://news.ycombinator.com/) is a great website to find interesting programming links and sane discussion. The site reflects a sort of post-[Reddit](http://reddit.com/) sensibility; the design of HN was directly intended to address the shortcomings of [programming.reddit.com](http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/) from someone very much on the inside (Reddit was a Paul Graham [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/) startup). As such we studied it closely when building Stack Overflow.

It is true that **discussion on Hacker News is more serious and less incendiary than the wild-west anything goes of programming.reddit.com**. I've seen this firsthand, on blog articles I've written that have been posted to both sites. In [What I've Learned from Hacker News](http://www.paulgraham.com/hackernews.html), Paul explains:

> It's pretty clear now that the broken windows theory applies to community sites as well. The theory is that minor forms of bad behavior encourage worse ones: that a neighborhood with lots of graffiti and broken windows becomes one where robberies occur. I was living in New York when Giuliani introduced the reforms that made the broken windows theory famous, and the transformation was miraculous. And I was a Reddit user when the opposite happened there, and the transformation was equally dramatic.

> I'm not criticizing Steve and Alexis. What happened to Reddit didn't happen out of neglect. From the start they had a policy of censoring nothing except spam. Plus Reddit had different goals from Hacker News. Reddit was a startup, not a side project; its goal was to grow as fast as possible. Combine rapid growth and zero censorship, and the result is a free for all. But I don't think they'd do much differently if they were doing it again. Measured by traffic, Reddit is much more successful than Hacker News.

> But what happened to Reddit won't inevitably happen to HN.

It's a good read for anyone interested in building communities online. As you might imagine, I read it with particular interest since we've been running a full blown (and far larger than I would have predicted) programming community over the last 7 months.

Perhaps the most notable difference between Hacker News and Reddit is that **it's impossible to downvote anything on Hacker News**. There exists one, and only one, form of vote: the upvote. So you can either upvote something, or do nothing at all. It's an interesting design decision, but ultimately a bad one, in my opinion.

(update: Apparently it _is_ possible to downvote comments, which I never realized. It is [buried in the faq](http://ycombinator.com/newsfaq.html):)

> **Why don't I see down arrows?**

> There are no down arrows on submissions. They only appear on comments after users reach a certain karma threshold [ed: this is unstated for some bizarre reason, but it is currently 100].

(I apologize for my misunderstanding, but there's no visible UI for downvoting, and I can't recall ever seeing a single negative voted comment in all the times I've visited Hacker News! Also, I put these comments in parens to make them extra-LISPy so Paul Graham would see my corrections.)

Let me get some important caveats out of the way: we have to be careful in drawing comparisons between Hacker News and Stack Overflow, because they are fundamentally different sites. We're a Q&A site with some accidental discussion, and Hacker News is a site that exists for the express _purpose_ of discussion and link sharing. So to the extent that we have different missions and different goals, approaches that work for our site might not work for HN, and vice-versa.

On Hacker News, every post effectively starts at zero (technically, one implied upvote, which is your own, but we'll call that zero), and can be upvoted indefinitely.

![graph-axis-0-to-15](/images/wordpress/graph-axis-0-to-15.png)

The advantage of this system is that nobody gets downvoted, but at a steep cost: **we've lost half the potential information**. If a post has zero upvotes, does that mean it's bad? incorrect? uninteresting? mediocre? There's _no way to tell_, because zero has multiple meanings.

![graph-axis-negative15-to-15](/images/wordpress/graph-axis-negative15-to-15.png)

If you add back in the negatives, suddenly the range is doubled. An evil or incorrect post is now _different_ than a mediocre or uninteresting post, because it will have downvotes and a negative score.

But getting downvoted isn't anyone's idea of a good time. It's tempting to disallow it entirely, to avoid [this inevitable discussion](http://stackoverflow.uservoice.com/pages/general/suggestions/133310-discourage-downvoting):

> Please do something else to discourage downvoting. Maybe increase the cost to the downvoter (there's already a "declined" on force user to comment on downvoting).

> This isn't about points. It's about participation. Downvoting should be reserved for nasty/offensive/stupid/poorly-thought-out/totally-off-base comments. If someone spends the time to make an honest effort to answer a question, but it's not that great an answer, just don't upvote them... Downvoting sends a message, "We disapprove. You spent your valuable time, but we don't care." It makes me think, why should I bother spending the time to write up answers for this forum?

> I stopped posting on several usenet newsgroups because the major participants were just nasty and sarcastic. Don't let this happen to Stack Overflow.

You could argue that the saner level of discussion on Hacker News is because downvotes are disallowed. I'm not so sure; I think it's more attributable to the fact that Hacker News is relatively young, having launched in February 2007, and the small (but growing) size of the community.

In building Stack Overflow, we realized the intrinsic informational value of full range post scores. Downvotes give you the critically important ability to **distinguish between the good, the bad, and the ugly**. Without downvotes, how can you possibly tell the difference between a post that is harmless but uninteresting, and one that is actually wrong or harmful? Sure, it stings a bit to get downvoted. I've been downvoted myself on Stack Overflow. And each time, it makes me pause. But that's _good!_ That's _necessary!_ You have to believe there are potential consequences for every post you make -- both good and bad. This is how things work on real playgrounds; why would we expect our web playgrounds to be any different?

The idea of a world where nobody can be downvoted strikes me as more than a little utopian. Is it realistic for users to expect to post in an environment where there are _no penalties at all_, no way for their peers to express disapproval or disagreement with their post? When you can't leave a quiet, anonymous downvote, you're more likely to post a snarky reply to express your displeasure. That's why **disallowing downvotes is actively harmful to community**.

The problem isn't downvotes, per se, but encouraging _responsible_ downvoting. That's why on Stack Overflow, we do it this way:

  * Upvotes add **10** reputation to the post author

  * Downvotes remove **2** reputation from the post author, _and **1** from your reputation_

The trick here is that downvotes are mostly informational. The cost of a downvote to the users' reputation (or karma in Slashdot/Reddit parlance) is quite low. It would take a whopping 5 downvotes to equal the effect of a single upvote. And, on top of that, downvotes cost _you_ a tiny bit of reputation. The net effect is that you have to feel very strongly about something to downvote it. Downvotes are serious business, and not to be cast lightly. We designed our system around that maxim.

Does it work? I think the data itself tells the story. Here are the total number of votes cast on Stack Overflow through 3/7/2009:

upvotes

1,251,020

downvotes

122,141

On average, there are **10x as many upvotes cast as downvotes**. That's even more optimistic than math would predict (10 / 2 = 5x). That's because we also do a few other things that help keep downvoting in check:

  * We limit total votes per day to 30 per user.

  * You do not have the right to cast downvotes at all until you earn the equivalent of 10 upvotes, or 100 reputation.

The [endless inflation of a system with no voting limits](http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=495216) is something we learned early on. Instituting vote limits has many advantages besides reducing the inherent inflation. Even if you want to maliciously downvote someone out of revenge, you can only do -60 damage to that user's reputation per day -- while simultaneously reducing your _own_ reputation by -30. And you'll have to wait 24 hours to do it again, which is a nice de-facto timeout to potentially let cooler heads prevail.

I understand what Mr. Graham was aiming for in Hacker News. An environment where nobody has to feel the sting of a downvote is a laudable goal, and it's certainly easy to implement. But is it real? Is it _honest?_ **The lack of a downvote removes far too much of the critical community feedback loop from the system**. And in the longer term, that will do more to tear down your community than build it up.


text:
Joel Patfull
AFL Trade Action
The two week trade period saw a lot of action and concluded on October 17. A number of players requested trades to other clubs while others were moved on reluctantly. Clubs also traded draft selections to strengthen their prospects in picking up needed players.
Submitted on Tue, 06/11/2013 - 9:51 AM EDT
by Lisa Albergo reporting for AFANA from AFANA
Mick Malthouse (Carlton) will participate in his 850th official match as a coach and a player, comprising 174 games as a player for St Kilda and Richmond and 675 games as a coach for Footscray, West Coast, Collingwood and Carlton. He is just the third man in the game's history to reach the mark. Ahead of him is Jock McHale (878 games comprising 261 games as a player and playing coach and a further 617 games as non-playing coach).
Round 19 Tribunal
Submitted on Tue, 08/10/2010 - 10:42 PM EDT
Brent Guerra took his case to the Tribunal to challenge the reckless classification and succeeded. Guerra and his advocate argued that he heard the umpire call "advantage" (which allows a player of the infringed team to play on when they are in possession of the ball so as not to disadvantage them by stopping play for a free kick) after his tackle on Malceski, but that he did not hear the umpire's whistle to stop play for a 50 meter (55 yards) penalty. He and his advocate convinced the panel to listen to audio of the match commentary which aided Guerra's case.
Two Lose At Tribunal
Charges Laid:
James McDonald (MELB), striking North Melbourne's Andrew Swallow: assessed as intentional conduct (three points), low impact (one point) and body contact (one point), equaling five activation points, a Level Two offense, 125 demerits, and a one game suspension. His five year good record reduces the penalty 25% to 93.75 demerits. He accepted, reducing the penalty a further 25% to 70.31 demerits. As a result, he comes away with a reprimand with the demerits held over toward his future record.


Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani on Sunday hinted that his client, President Donald Trump, may assert his Fifth Amendment privilege not to testify in the Russia investigation and admitted that former Trump attorney Michael Cohen may have made payments to multiple women who have claimed to have had affairs with President Donald Trump.
In a rambling interview on ABC's This Week, Giuliani attempted to repair the damage he has done to Trump's legal defense over the past week.
Even though he had claimed otherwise just days before, the former New York mayor insisted that Trump did not know of the $130,000 payment to adult film actress Stormy Daniels "at the time" and that the hush money had nothing to do with Trump's campaign.
"Has the president or the president's team in any way suggested to Michael Cohen that the president would pardon him if he were indicted?" Stephanopoulos asked.
"So it hasn't been discussed?" Stephanopoulos pressed.
Giuliani also initially denied that the Trump legal team leaked Mueller's proposed interview questions for Trump, but then he suggested that it could have been a former Trump lawyer.
Giuliani went on to suggest that Trump may assert his Fifth Amendment privilege not to testify if he receives a subpoena from Mueller.


text:
Legal Medical Marijuana Could Reduce Opioid Deaths in West Virginia
It could make a big difference.
By Brittney McNamara
Research shows that states that have legalized marijuana have seen a decrease in overdoses from opioid drugs like heroin. This is hugely important because heroin deaths surpassed gun deaths in 2015, providing a stark reminder of the growing opioid epidemic sweeping the country. That's why in a state like West Virginia, where reports say the opioid crisis has been particularly bad and data reflects that claim, legalizing medical marijuana could be a saving grace.
West Virginia is about to become the 29th state to approve medical marijuana, and Vox points out this could alleviate the state's rate of opioid use and overdose deaths.
According to the Centers for Disease Control, opioid overdoses have quadrupled since 1999. Between 2014 and 2015, the number of drug overdoses in West Virginia increased by 16.9%, making it the state with the highest opioid drug overdose death rate in the country. In 2015, 41.5 of every 100,000 people in West Virginia overdosed on drugs.
Opioids are a class of drugs that includes heroin, which is illegal, but there are also many legal opioids that you might get from your doctor. Powerful painkillers like oxycodone and hydrocodone are also opioids, and are prescribed to people for a number of reasons, including wisdom tooth removal surgery. But, opioids are highly addictive, where as marijuana is not. According to Stat, three out of every five opioid overdoses occurs in someone with a legitimate prescription for an opioid. The hope is that if West Virginia legalizes medical marijuana, which has been shown to help relieve pain without the same risk of addiction as opioids, doctors could prescribe marijuana instead of opioids, and that could lead to fewer people misusing opioids and, hopefully, to fewer overdose deaths.
"In states where medical marijuana is legal, research shows that opioid overdose rates have decreased by 25%. With an estimated 50,000 deaths expected from opioid overdose in the U.S. in 2016, this represents a significant lifesaving impact. Why do we see these results? Marijuana has painkilling properties," Constance Scharff, PhD, the research director of Cliffside Malibu treatment center in Malibu, California, said. "When given a choice between legal marijuana and opioid painkillers, a significant number of people with pain conditions seem to choose marijuana, which is far less lethal than opioids."
Vox notes West Virginia's marijuana laws, if signed by the state governor as expected, may be more restrictive than other states. Still, it may save lives.
Related: Legalizing Marijuana Has Reduced Opioid Overdoses by 25%
Keywords marijuanaDrugsopioidssubstance abuse


text:
Home Commercial Mukilteo's Sterling Business Park Sells for $25MM
Mukilteo's Sterling Business Park Sells for $25MM
Courtesy of SRO
By Meghan Hall
An office park in the Seattle suburb of Mukilteo has traded hands amidst an increase in commercial real estate activity in the northern Puget Sound. In a deal that closed last week, Sterling Realty Organization sold the Sterling Business Park for $25 million. The buyer, according to public records, is an entity affiliated with ALCO Mukilteo Business Park LLC.
The property is located at 8229 44th Ave. W and totals 108,204 square feet, according to Sterling Realty's website. The property was originally constructed in 1980 and sits on 8.77 acres.
"Sterling Business Park is conveniently located near Boeing and Paine Field and across from the Future of Flight Museum. The park features ample parking and onsite food services," states the website. "Sterling Business Park can accommodate most office, flex, and light industrial tenant uses."
A lot of changes have come to Mukilteo over the past few months. Last fall, FedEx finalized an agreement with Boeing to take over operations at Paine Field after Boeing halted production at the site. The property totals 19 acres. In June of 2021, Boeing also sold off its nearby Bomarc Complex to Bosa Development for $35 million.
Most recently, Mukilteo celebrated the opening of a new, $187 million multimodal ferry terminal. The new project replaces the original terminal, built in 1957. It is expected to move more than two million vehicles and four million riders annual in conjunction with State Route 525. As the Puget Sound grows, ridership is expected to increase 100 percent over the next 20 years during commute times.
ALCO Mukilteo Business Park LLC
Paine Field
Sterling Business Park
Sterling Realty Organization
Machinist Inc. Sells Gear Works Building in Seattle's South Park Neighborhood for $10.95MM
Boeing's Longacres Campus in Renton, Wash., Sells for $100MM
LBA and PPF Sell Amazon-Leased Building in Everett to BentallGreenOak for $60.1MM
Number of Boeing Dispositions Grows with $200MM Sale of Frederickson Asset
GM Nameplate's Seattle Headquarters Trades for $27.8MM
Bosa Sells Downtown Bellevue Development Site for $14.6MM
Portland, OR – Truebeck, an industry-leading commercial general contractor, is pleased to announce the completion of The Factor Building, a new creative workspace in...
New Standard Equities Closes $157 million in Transactions in PNW, SoCal...
Alexandria's Bothell Buying Binge Continues into 2022 with $72.5MM Acquisition
Entity Affiliated with Brookfield Property Group Buys Seattle Industrial Asset for...
L'Ecole N° 41 Takes 1,415 SQFT at'The Schoolhouse District' in Downtown...


欢迎学习英语演讲与演示课程!有相当一部分中国学生学了很多年英语,却没办法用英文流利地进行演讲和演示。只要我们掌握好精通英语的四个要素,采用科学的学习方法,搭建良好的内在环境,学好英语演讲其实并不难。Session 1 is a must see for all Chinese students, not necessarily for learners from other countries, the lecturer shared his view on English learning based on his first-hand experience communicating with people with different cultures and teaching to Chinese students at all levels, for the past two decades. The scope, pedagogy, and targets of this course are mentioned here.
and we should learn from them.
and you will find out that she is quite good at this.
We need to speak English in that way.
and how leaders was selected.
using the way the foreigners can accept.
and then Chinese people believe….
he makes a good communication world.
not me, the lecturer, is about you.
our English speech or presentation skills?
in a way that other cultures can accept.
You need to have a global perspective.
that would be indirect experience, and that is out of your observation.
experience would be indirect, observation.
so rigirous when Chinese talk.
I think this is the most suitable position for language itself.
English speech use what kind of language?
you can have a guess.
or diagrams to support your argument.
even for getting a job or for oversees studies.
that is something we can manage it.
academic report and even election speech.
there won't be anything good. Ok?
There won't be any good result for this.
so that means I was talking a lot in class.
So what's the lesson here?
The same rule applies here.
do like it, do enjoy it.
from your peers and also from me.
than I can review it.
and this is super important.


text:
Set of Yup'ik masks reunited in Alaska after more than a century
'These masks are well-travelled, and have been separated for so many years,' said Monica Shah of the Anchorage Museum.
'These masks are well-travelled, and have been separated for so many years.'
CBC News · Posted: Mar 13, 2019 5:30 AM CT | Last Updated: March 13
'So many of our older collections in Alaska are in other places ... it's a rare treat to be able to have them here, physically,' said Monica Shah of the Anchorage Museum. (Anchorage Museum)
It's a reunion that's been more than a century in the making — a set of century-old Yup'ik masks have been brought back to Alaska and displayed at the Anchorage Museum.
"These masks are well-travelled, and have been separated for so many years," said Monica Shah, director of collections and chief conservator at the museum.
"It's really important that they are shared with the Yup'ik community and are able to be brought back, because it is the inheritance of the Yup'ik community."
Shah says it's believed the masks were made in about 1908, by Ikamrailnguq, a renowned carver and shaman in Napaskiaq. As with many Alaska native artifacts, the masks were sold or traded over the years, winding up in distant museums and collections.
Anchorage Museum capturing songs and sounds of the North with new record label
"So many of our older collections in Alaska are in other places — in Russia, and Finland, and Germany, on the east coast of the United States — it's a rare treat to be able to have them here, physically," Shah said.
Completing the set
Shah says three of the masks were known for many years to be linked, but the fourth was unknown.
"It was thought that perhaps there is one missing, because these masks represent the weather, and the wind, and it makes sense that there would be four because of the four cardinal directions," Shah said.
Eventually, a Yup'ik elder spotted the fourth mask, at L.A.'s Fowler Museum.
A Yup'ik elder recently spotted the fourth mask of the set, at L.A.'s Fowler Museum. (Fowler Museum of Cultural History/UCLA)
"He immediately recognized it as a match to one of the masks in Washington D.C. So there are two pairs, essentially — they're a quartet of masks, but two are of a similar size and the other two are of a similar size," Shah said.
The Anchorage Museum's exhibition opened earlier this month and Shah says it was standing room only at the opening. She called it a "momentous" occasion, made even more special when some university students wandered in to the exhibit.
"It turned out that they were actually from the village that these masks are from, from Napaskiaq. And it was really just heartwarming to see that connection that people have with their own heritage," Shah said.
The masks are on loan from the Fowler Museum of Cultural History at the University of California, Los Angeles, the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C., and the Collection of Adelaide de Menil and Edmund Carpenter.
With files from Emily Blake and Leonard Linklater
Seal soup helping to heal at Alaskan hospital
Art honouring Alaska Native culture installed in Anchorage


To walking in snow was a bit of a shock to the system! However, we'd not done any 'serious' walking for two or three weeks, so Sue suggested a pull up onto Kinder Scout. This meant a climb of almost 2,000 feet, even on a nice day like today, at this time of the year, Kinder could be very 'UNKinder', weather and temperature-wise. Although it was set fair all day, we took no chances and wore warm clothes. This stunning view of the Winnats pass greeted us as we made our way to the Edale valley. Not long ago, we were on the top of those cliffs in deep snow, today they looked a very different picture, benign in the sunshine.
A glance to the right saw the face of the 'shivering mountain' - Mam Tor.
Soon we arrived at Barber Booth, where there is limited free parking - some of the very little available now in the peak District. We left the car around mid-day, with clear skies and the prospect of a good walk ahead of us. This is Horsehill Tor and the walk to Edale to begin our ascent.
I am ALWAYS amazed at these walls - seems such a lot of work, and over such difficult terrain! They look lovely though. When the snow settles on one side, they look like the bones of the land. It was around here that we heard our first Curlew of the year. A beautiful, haunting call that really goes with this type of country. You can hear it here; http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/audio/2008/jun/06/nature.birdsong.curlew Just click play.
A shiver ran down our spines as we saw Kinder Scout above us with a dusting of snow. Bring it on!
Looking over the Edale valley to our right was the classic view of the Great Ridge, part of the walk known as the 'Castleton Skyline'. Mam Nick is the pass through which you travel to get to the Edale valley from Winnats pass.
This is a really pleasant walk backwards, towards Edale, along the new official route of the Pennine Way. It used to go straight up Grindsbrook, but now they have diverted it to go up Jacobs Ladder, due to erosion problems.
The old Nags Head - official start of the Pennine Way long distance footpath. At 280 miles or so, it's not one I've done, as it would take three weeks (unless you rush it), so that was always too long to have off work at one go. I did many other LDP's though that were only two weeks, or less.
Leaving Edale, you cross a small dip via a bridge, which looked LOVELY today in the dappled sunlight.
Sue sighs as she takes in one of her most favourite places - Grindsbrook.
'X' marks the spot, Sue!
Off she went, like a hare up the climb to Kinder Scout. It was all I could do to keep up with her!
We gained the snow line, and felt Kinder's chill on us. Looking back saw the great ridge peeping.
As it was such a sunny day, we had started in tee shirts but, by now, we'd donned another layer as the temperature dropped.
There was some work going on to restore paths, and they were flying bags of materials over the moor to the Edale valley.
We reached the plateau and headed NW towards Jacobs ladder. On the way, we passed the Woolpacks, a collection of wind-sculpted rocks that show the erosion of time and temperature. You can make your own shapes up as we go along - a bit like looking into the flames of a fire for shapes.
This collection of rocks is called Pym's chair. I remember once, Sue and I sat against these rocks on a fairly fine afternoon, eating our lunch, when a wall of thick mist rolled across the moor and enveloped us completely. Talk about 'hound of the Baskervilles' - it was REALLY eerie!
This one is called 'Noe stool'. You can see 'Swine's back' in the distance behind, that was where we would leave the plateau.
We reached Jacob's ladder and started down. By now, the sun had gone and it was a bit dull. As we reached the packhorse bridge at the bottom, we could feel the temperature rising again as we lost height.
We came across a barn where Robin Wood worked (nice play on a name). It was full of shavings and part-finished bowls, and smelt FANTASTIC of wood!
Some of the many tools he uses to sculpt and shape.
After this, a short walk brought us back to the car. We sure knew we'd been lazy for a couple of weeks, ands could feel the effects of Kinder on our muscles long after we left it. It's always a 'nice' tiredness though.
This blog was brought to you by Les Singleton.


text:
kerr county election sample ballot 2020
Consequently, sample ballots in different jurisdictions in the same state may not be … Filing deadlines have passed, and ballot positioning drawings have been concluded, so your ballot for the March 3, 2020, Primary Election is set. David L. Kerr R. 67.7%. List of Candidates and Ballot Order — Texas Secretary of State, List of Qualified Candidate Information — Texas Secretary of State, P&Z will consider sign variance for Arcadia Theater, Center Point ISD under state investigation for anomalous military enlistment data, Big turnout decides local races in Kerrville and Kerr County, Court acknowledges error; pro-life resolution passes, Evaluating the housing deal on Olympic Drive. Past Election Results Past Election Results NOTICE - voting equipment Prop13- Education Finance: School Facilities: Public Preschool, K-12, And College Health And Safety Bond Act Of 2020. That's because the state has a huge number of delegates — 228 — and it awards most them proportionally, meaning more than one candidate can secure some of them. Abundant sunshine. For more information contact us: Kerr County Courthouse Energy - Enthusiasm - Engagement Kerr County Democratic Party. Vote Early: October 13-30, 2020. 2020 Special Runoff Election for Senate District 30 – December 19, 2020. 2020 is a major election year and we want to make sure your voice is heard. Making positive change starts with your vote. by placing your vote "FOR' the legal sale of all alcoholic beverages including mixed beverages in Precinct 2 of Kerr County. DONATE. 2020 ELECTION INFO. DON'T WAIT! An unbiased overview of the platform issues and where each party stands, be out of the county on election day and during the period for early voting by personal appearance; or. Kerrville, Texas 78028 Suite 124 The General Election will be held Nov. 3. Section 64.004, Texas Election Code 9/2020. 3632. Ruth Bader Ginsburg U.S. Supreme Court Justice 1953-2020 To vote for your choice in each contest, completely fill in the box provided to the left of your choice. Elimination of Straight-Party Voting House Bill 25, passed during the 85th Legislative Session, eliminated straight-party voting effective September 1, 2020. Kerr County. Important Election Dates Vote by Mail application received by deadline: October 23, 2020 - APPLY NOW! Last Day to Register to Vote 10/5/2020 First Day of Early Voting by Personal Appearance 10/13/20 Last Day to Apply for Ballot by Mail (Received, not Postmarked) 10/23/20 Last Day of Early Voting by Personal Appearance 10/30/20 ELECTION DAY: Last day to Vote in Person OR Receive Ballot … Here's a look at the candidates. Filing deadlines have passed, and ballot positioning drawings have been concluded, so your ballot for the March 3, 2020, Primary Election is set. 700 Main Street To vote for a write-in candidate, completely fill in the box These candidates are listed according to their official order on the ballot, which was drawn by chance. Email. First Day to Apply for a Place on the General Election Ballot: Wednesday, January 15, 2020 Last Day to File for a Place on the General Election Ballot: Friday, February 14, 2020 @ 5:00 pm For absentee voting, you will need to contact the Kerr County Voter's Registrar, Tax Assessor's Office – Kerr County Courthouse, 700 Main Street Suite 124. 1/4 r 1/4 n 1/4 r 1/4 n 1/4 r 1/4 n 1/4 r 1/4 n 1/4 r 1/4 n 1/4 r 1/4 n. Burns, 50, is an agent with the Michigan Department of Treasury. Facebook. High 54F. 2020 Nov. 3 General & Joint Local Elections . Reference BB LWV E 20 General Election HO Kerr Page 2 of 2 General Election 2020: Kerr County Election Day: Tuesday - November 3 Locations open 7:00am to 7:00pm Voter must go to the precinct location on the voter registration card. Proclamation (PDF) Candidate Listing Information; Candidate Ballot Order; New: County Election Information and Polling Locations; New: Early Voting Turnout; New: Election Day Voting Turnout; 2020 November General Election – November 3, 2020 Winds N at 10 to 15 mph.. Tonight If you surrendered your mail ballot and voted in person at the polls, your ballot was counted on Tuesday night. The current members of the U.S. Senate from Texasare: To view a map of U.S. House districts in Texas and find your representative, click here. The race for president highlights the ballot, which has several national, state and local races. Ballot by Mail Return Deadlines: Nov. 3 by 5 PM. Two Democrats are in a runoff to face Republican ... Gillespie, Guadalupe, Hays, Kendall, Kerr, Llano, Mason, San Saba and parts of Bexar and Travis counties. The equipment may be previewed on the Internet at: Visit the Texas Secretary of State's website for vital voter … BLANCO COUNTY: Voter Registration (Count Tax Assessor-Collector): 830-868-7178; Elections (County Clerk): 830-868-7357, Johnson City, TX 78636. Kerrville, TX (78028) Today. Kerrville United's mission is to move Kerrville and Kerr County in a positive direction by providing information, educating voters, and influencing policy. One of those seats is on the 2020 ballot. Voter Information. English: 2020 Nomination Form for County FSA Committee Election (PDF) Spanish: 2020 Formulario De Nominacion Para Elecciones Para El Comite Del Condado De La FSA (PDF) Fact Sheets General Election, Daily Early Voting Numbers, City of Ingram, Daily Early Voting Numbers, City of Kerrville, Daily Early Voting Numbers, Notice of Delivery of Early Voting Balloting Materials, Nov. 10, Notice of Delivery of Ballots Voted by Mail, Notice of Delivery of Early Voting Balloting Materials, Notice of Delivery of Provisional Ballots for Early Voting, Notice of Delivery of Provisional Ballots, Notice of Election & Precinct Polling Locations, Write-in Candidates, Pcts. The latest headlines and results for elections of the United States, Texas and your neighborhood from KSAT.com and KSAT 12. Texas is a big prize for Democratic presidential candidates in 2020. December 24, 2019. November 3, 2020 Sample Ballots Precincts 101,107,109,113,118 Kerr County Residents Precincts 101,109,113,118,119 City of Kerrville Residents Precinct 107-Medina ISD Kerr County Residents ... County of Kerr. Offices Up for Election in 2020 Llano County Polling Locations Notice of Voting Order Priority Voter Information Returning your Ballot by Mail. Click on the button below to get your sample ballot. October 24, 2020 9:00 am - 3:00 pm. Sandy Dockendorff D. 32.3%. Hart Intercivic's site. This is a good start kerr county sample ballot 2018 election dates primary election august 28 voter registration and party change deadline july 30 democrat sample ballot nonpartisan sample ballot indian river county supervisor of elections a ballot measure that would clamp down on the profits raked in by panies providing. Explore the inside story of clue Kerr County missioners Court April 2 2020 Kerr County 2020 Propositions Your 2020 Primary Election Ballot for Kerr County Texas Kerr County sample ballot Election 5 8 2020 Kerr County Press Release kerr county kerr county ficial website county election information v • e local ballot measures in texas by county a b anderson • andrews • angelina • … County Web, Voting, Precinct Map, Sample Ballots Elections Administrator: 830-868-7168; 101 E Cypress, POB 13, Johnson City, TX 78636-0013. electionsadmin@co.blanco.tx.us Early Voting Locations: 101, 107, 109, 113, 118, & 119, Write-in Candidates for all other Precincts, Notice of Cancellation - Center Point ISD, Notice of Election Training - Election Day, Notice of Election Training - Early Voting Ballot Board, Notice of Election Training - Early Voting, Notice of Election Day Precincts for Precinct 2 Local Option Election, Notice of Election Day Precincts for City of Ingram, Notice of Election Day Precincts for City of Kerrville, Precincts 101,107,109,113,118 Kerr County Residents, Precincts 101,109,113,118,119 City of Kerrville Residents, Precinct 107-Medina ISD Kerr County Residents, Precincts 202,211,215,220 Kerr County Residents, Precincts 202,211,215,220 City of Kerrville Residents, Precinct 215-Medina ISD Kerr County Residents, Precincts 303, 308, 312 Kerr County Residents, Precincts 312,314 City Of Kerrville Residents, Precincts 404,405,406,410,416 Kerr County Residents, Precinct 404-Harper ISD Kerr County Residents, Precinct 406-Medina ISD Kerr County Residents, Notice Prohibiting Handguns in Polling Places, Resolution Postponing May 2 Election to November 3, 2020, Order Postponing May 2 Election to November 3, 2020, Internet Posting Requirements for Political Subdivisions, Request for Temporary Exemption to ID Requirements, Identificación de Votantes de Texas Requiere para Votantes. The Kerr County Democratic Party Office will be closed on Election Day. 2020 Election Materials Nomination Forms. Election Day: November 3, 2020 Oct. 23, 2020. Kendall County. Non-Partisan, Judges and any Public Measures on located on the second page. Our next meeting is November 30 at Buzzie's BBQ Conference Room, 6pm - please check our calendar.Please vote smart and vote RED! Ballots are mailed to eligible voters. More. GENERAL ELECTION November 3, 2020 KERR COUNTY, TEXAS ELECCIÓN GENERAL 03 de noviembre de 2020 CONDADO DE KERR, TEXAS Please use a black or blue pen to mark your ballot. Gillespie County. 1,799. Texas and Kerr County General Election Results Select Different Election Date: Nov. 3, 2020 July 14, 2020 March 3, 2020 Nov. 5, 2019 Nov. 6, 2018 June 30, 2018 May 22, 2018 March 6, 2018 Last Day to Receive Ballot by Mail – Tuesday, July 14 Early voting will take place at the Hill Country Youth Exhibit Center3885 Hwy Kerrville and the Ingram Independent School District Business Office Building in the Board Room 510 College St. Ingram. Mail ballots that were dropped off at a poll site were delivered to the election … Fax: (830) 792-2253 Curbside voting available at … (Please note that the Democratic Party did not have as many local candidates as the Republican Party, hence the smaller number of races listed.). How to register to vote in all 50 states. General Elections are held the 1st Tuesday after … Where: Atascosa County Annex II Building 914 Main St. Jourdanton, Texas 78026 830-769-1472. Extended Hours: October 20 & 27, 2020 7:00 am - 7:00 pm. be confined in jail, but otherwise eligible. Sample Ballots (PDF) General Election Sample Ballots - All Precincts All ballots are two-sided. ... 2020 General Election County Candidates . A General Election is the election in which federal and state officers, members of Congress and of the general assembly, county and township officers, and other officers appear on the ballot. For national, state, county and city election information and voters guides please click on your county of residence: Bandera County. Phone: (830) 792-2242 Early voting begins on October 13th and runs through October 30th, 2020 and the General Election will be held on November 3rd at 4 different polling locations in Precinct 2. There is no Ballot Trax notification. ... so bring your written/printed information with you. The Secretary of State's Ballot Trax program only provides notifications regarding mail ballots. Larry Leitha won the Republican primary runoff against Eli Garcia, setting up a race between Leitha and Libertarian candidate Warren Funk. We have listed all of the candidates and races that will be on the ballot at the local level — from US Representative all the way down to Constables. Urban Agriculture County Committees Frequently Asked Questions. Weekdays: October 13 to October 30, 2020 8:00 am - 5:00 pm. The first day to apply for a ballot by mail was Jan. 1; and the last day to receive a ballot by mail will be Tuesday, March 6, Election Day, at 7 p.m., unless the overseas dealing applies. March 6 is the "uniform election date" for the Primary Election in Kerr County. November 3, 2020 General Election. Nadine Alford, Kerr County chief deputy and elections coordinator, confirmed that a single voter received an incorrect ballot. Warren Funk, Libertarian (HCCJ article) Social media posts have fueled confusion at polls after it was determined a Kerr County voter received an incorrect ballot for the 2020 General Election that did not include candidates for Kerrville City Council. Kerr County Sheriff. Longtime Kerr County Sheriff Rusty Hierholzer will retire and not seek re-election in 2020, leaving the position up for grabs. County Election Officials and County Chairs: From: Keith Ingram, Director of Elections: Date: December 19, 2019: RE: Ballot Preparation and Sample Ballots for March 3, 2020 Primary Election: The ballot drawing for the March 3, 2020 primary election must occur not later than Thursday, December 19, 2019. Print. At least some of the candidates on the ballot will have likely dropped out by primary election day, however, since Texas follows Iowa, New Hampshire, … Blanco County. 3,772. Email. If you wish to vote for all of the candidates affiliated with one party, you should select each candidate one at a time on your ballot. Your 2020 Primary Election Ballot for Kerr County, Texas. General and Local Elections 2020 Nov. 3 General & Joint Local Elections EV/ED Schedule SAMPLE BALLOTS - PCT 1 SAMPLE BALLOTS - PCT 2 SAMPLE BALLOTS - PCT 3 Twitter. Breaking down the myths of voting in college.
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One of the major questions around the crypto boom, as it drove GPU prices into the stratosphere, was exactly how much additional business Nvidia and AMD were hauling in and how much of it accrued to each company. According to Nvidia, it made $602M from crypto sales from April 2017 to July 2018.
If we grant Steves' hypothesis for a moment, Nvidia would have seen a surge in gaming-related revenue for a GPU generation that wasn't even particularly new. A sustained influx of new sales in Chinese markets might have been read as being related to the overall growth of PC gaming in China as a whole. PC gaming is far more popular in China than consoles, and while mobile gaming is the largest segment ($23B), PC games were expected to generate $14.4B in sales in 2018. That's nothing to sneeze at.
The other piece of evidence supporting Steves' theory is the Pascal glut. There is, to be sure, an argument that says Nvidia raised Turing prices simply because AMD had nothing to compete against the RTX family with. There's probably at least some truth to this, in that Nvidia may have felt safer raising prices without a high-end competitor to undercut it. But there's no situation in which it made sense for Nvidia to overproduce Pascal cards to such a degree that it wound up choosing not to build any midrange cards for an entire quarter. That's exactly what hammered the company's Q4 prospects the first time, before it warned on revenue last week.


text:
package monix.reactive.internal.operators

import monix.execution.Ack
import monix.execution.Ack.{Continue, Stop}
import monix.reactive.Observable.Operator
import monix.reactive.observers.Subscriber
import scala.concurrent.Future
import monix.execution.compat.internal.toSeq

private[reactive] final class BufferSlidingOperator[A](count: Int, skip: Int) extends Operator[A, Seq[A]] {

  require(count > 0, "count must be strictly positive")
  require(skip > 0, "skip must be strictly positive")

  def apply(out: Subscriber[Seq[A]]): Subscriber[A] =
    new Subscriber[A] {
      implicit val scheduler = out.scheduler

      private[this] var isDone = false
      private[this] var ack: Future[Ack] = _

      private[this] val toDrop = if (count > skip) 0 else skip - count
      private[this] val toRepeat = if (skip > count) 0 else count - skip

      private[this] var buffer = new Array[AnyRef](count)
      private[this] var dropped = 0
      private[this] var length = 0

      def onNext(elem: A): Future[Ack] = {
        if (isDone)
          Stop
        else if (dropped > 0) {
          dropped -= 1
          Continue
        } else {
          buffer(length) = elem.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]
          length += 1

          if (length < count) Continue
          else {
            val oldBuffer = buffer
            buffer = new Array(count)

            if (toRepeat > 0) {
              System.arraycopy(oldBuffer, count - toRepeat, buffer, 0, toRepeat)
              length = toRepeat
            } else {
              dropped = toDrop
              length = 0
            }

            // signaling downstream
            ack = out.onNext(toSeq(oldBuffer))
            ack
          }
        }
      }

      def onError(ex: Throwable): Unit =
        if (!isDone) {
          isDone = true
          buffer = null // GC purposes
          out.onError(ex)
        }

      def onComplete(): Unit =
        if (!isDone) {
          isDone = true

          val threshold = if (ack == null) 0 else toRepeat
          if (length > threshold) {
            if (ack == null) ack = Continue
            ack.syncOnContinue {
              out.onNext(toSeq(buffer.take(length)))
              out.onComplete()
              buffer = null // GC purposes
            }
            ()
          } else {
            out.onComplete()
          }
        }
    }
}


text:
Q: PHP Timestamp display seconds
Possible Duplicate:
Converting timestamp to time ago in php e.g 1 day ago, 2 days ago

I'm trying to display how old the post is through php. What I'm doing is storing in mysql the php timestamp using the code below.
$timestamp=time();
So then I'm left with a number like this
1334216865
How would I go about changing it so it will say example:
8 seconds ago
If you refresh the page 10 seconds later it will show:
18 seconds ago
I'm not sure how I would convert a timestamp back into time to show my examples.
Thank you

A: Or you could make a little "time_ago" function:
function ago($time) {
    $timediff=time()-$time;

    $days=intval($timediff/86400);
    $remain=$timediff%86400;
    $hours=intval($remain/3600);
    $remain=$remain%3600;
    $mins=intval($remain/60);
    $secs=$remain%60;

    if ($secs>=0) $timestring = "0m".$secs."s";
    if ($mins>0) $timestring = $mins."m".$secs."s";
    if ($hours>0) $timestring = $hours."u".$mins."m";
    if ($days>0) $timestring = $days."d".$hours."u";

    return $timestring;
}
echo ago(1334214962);

A: echo (time() - $post_timestamp) . " seconds ago";

very simple.

A: Just run the time() function again and subtract the posted time - then do some arithmetic to output how long it has been: 60 seconds per minute, 60 minutes per hour,etc... the time function is how many seconds since some event a long time ago. so, every increment is 1 second on the time function.


Understanding the dynamic behaviour of ice in glaciers, polar ice caps, the atmosphere and sea ice, especially in a time of changing climate, and in the icy planets, is a major challenge. The grain and sub-grain scale microstructure are crucial state variables that link atomic-scale processes to the macroscopic behaviour of ice, including its rheology and transport properties.
Improved analysis, modelling and interpretation of ice microstructures are therefore imperative for a better understanding of the flow and evolution of large ice bodies, from polar ice caps, mountain glaciers, sea ice to planetary ice. In addition, linking microstructures to geophysical signals such as radar imaging and seismic profiling will enable mapping of microstructures in 3 and 4 dimensions, and improved understanding will result from shared knowledge in cognoscent disciplines such as structural geology.
We wish to encourage contributions from glaciology, planetary science, structural geology, rock mechanics and mineral physics. We welcome contributions dealing with all aspects of microstructures and micro-deformation of earth and planetary materials, from brittle to ductile behaviour, including the influence of porosity, fluids, impurities, second phases, texture development and recrystallization.
Public information: Understanding the dynamic behaviour of ice in polar ice caps, in the atmosphere and oceans, and on icy planets, especially in a time of changing climate and new space exploration, represents a major challenge. The grain and sub-grain scale microstructure are the crucial link between atomic-scale processes to the macroscopic behaviour of ice, controlling both rheology and transport properties.
This session, with both oral and poster presentations, will highlight the recent advances and provide a platform for discussion of new observations, analyses, modelling and interpretation of snow and ice microstructures and micro-deformation mechanisms. It should be of interest to all those who seek a better understanding of the deformation and evolution of snow and ice, from polar ice caps, mountain glaciers, sea ice to planetary ice and those interested in linking microstructures to geophysical profiles. and sharing knowledge in cognoscent disciplines such as structural geology, planetary science, atmospheric physics and oceanography.


Details relating to the Joint EU Commemorative of 2015.
This is the fourth joint issue where all the existing members of both the EU and the Euro zone issued at the same time basically the same coin, only differing in the issuing country designation.
A slight exception to this is Luxembourg where the law requires that all coins show the head of the reigning grand duke.
The cause of celebration is the 30th anniversary of the creation of the European Flag.
The motif chosen was selected by online voting by EU citizens. 62 designs were created and that of Georgios Stamatopoulos from Greece was the winner.
In the inner circle the EU flag is shown in front of the earth. Partially surrounding the flag are 12 stylised figures. According to the designer it represents the people of Europe and the joint cultural path/development of the Europeans.
For all countries the country designation runs from around eleven o'clock to around three o'clock. This of course varies with the length of the country name. If the coin has a mint mark it is at three o'clock.
Return from EU Commemorative 2015 to euro coin collector.


text:
Astronomers were skeptical about dark matter — until Vera Rubin came along
Vera Rubin didn't "discover" dark matter, but she put it on the map.
Dark matter is a wild concept. It's the idea that some mind-boggling percentage of all the matter in the universe may be invisible, and wholly unlike the matter that makes up Earth. Rubin is celebrated because she forced much of the astronomy community to take it seriously.
That reckoning moment came in 1985, when she stood in front of the International Astronomical Union and walked the audience through some of the data she had collected.
Her data showed that stars at the edges of multiple galaxies were moving in ways that didn't make sense, according to the rules of physics. One possible explanation for this strange phenomenon, Rubin suggested, was the existence of a mysterious "dark matter" at the edges of the galaxy. In the decades since that talk, research into dark matter has exploded, revolutionizing astronomy.
In Bright Galaxies, Dark Matter, and Beyond, a new biography of Rubin, science journalist Ashley Yeager explains how Rubin, who died in 2016, grew from a young researcher whose bold ideas were initially ignored into the kind of scientist who could change an entire field. In 2020, we interviewed Yeager for an episode of the Unexplainable podcast about dark matter. A transcript of our conversation, lightly edited for length and clarity, follows.
Noam Hassenfeld
When did Vera Rubin first get interested in astronomy? What's her origin story?
Ashley Yeager
About the age of 11 is when she started to look at the stars. Vera and her sister, Ruth, shared a bedroom in their Washington, DC, townhouse. And Ruth remembers Vera constantly crawling over her at night to be able to open the windows and look out at the night sky and start to track the stars. So clearly, Vera was captivated by the night sky. And that stuck with her.
She then went to Vassar, where she studied astronomy. [While at Vassar, she met a mathematician named Robert Rubin.] They ended up getting married. And that drove one of the biggest decisions in Vera's life, because she wanted to go to graduate school for astronomy.
She'd gotten into Harvard, but Robert Rubin was at Cornell. He was well into his graduate studies. They had to make a choice, and Vera said, "Let's stay together. I'll come to Cornell with you and I'll do my master's in astronomy while you finish your PhD in physics."
Isn't that kind of a wild choice? To choose Cornell based on a husband?
It's the late 1940s. And Vera, in some ways, was very traditional, even though she was nontraditional in other ways. She felt that she was expected to get married by the end of her four years at Vassar. That was still something that was societally kind of expected.
And I actually think it set her up to be more successful than maybe she would have been, had she gone to Harvard or Princeton or somewhere else, just because of the exposure that she got. There was intellectual freedom she had at Cornell, to be able to probe into different questions in astronomy that she probably would have been pushed away from, had she been in a more structured graduate program.
So she's at Cornell. She's probing into questions. She's got a lot of intellectual freedom. What are the big questions that are occupying her mind?
The biggest one, which becomes her master's thesis, is really the idea of "Does the universe rotate?"
Wait, does the universe rotate?
So, probably no. This was a question posed by a very eccentric astronomer named George Gamow. Vera's husband actually showed Vera this paper that George Gamow had written about this idea. And she thought, "Well, why would we not try to answer that question?"
The kind of question that, if she were at another university, maybe she wouldn't have had the freedom to dive into?
I think so. I get the sense, reading through the literature and looking through the history, that she probably would have been guided to a more traditional question.
And as she started to look through the data, the numbers started to suggest that there was this odd, sideways motion that perhaps could be interpreted as a universal rotation. She presented her idea to her master's thesis adviser, William Shaw.
He says, "Your conclusion is really good. I want to present it under my name at this upcoming astronomy conference."
And Vera is like, "No! I might not be a member of this society yet. But you're not presenting my data for me. I'm going to present it under my own name, come hell or high water."
So does she?
Yes. She goes to this meeting. Apparently, the drive from New York to Pennsylvania, where the meeting was, was harrowing. It was the winter, snowy. They had a newborn in the car. Her dad was actually driving because he was the only one with a car at the time.
But she gives the presentation, and the reaction is less than great. There are some heavy critics in the room. A lot of scoffing. She does have one person, Martin Schwarzschild, who encourages her. He says, "This is really interesting. But we need more data to be able to make this conclusion."
And that's a criticism that really sticks with her throughout her career. Later on, she really tries to have or collect as much data as possible to support her conclusions, just because of that experience.
She takes a little bit of a break, because she really has this strong sense of wanting to set up a home and start a family. There's this moment in the early 1950s, when she's at the playground with her son. She had been reading astrophysical journals to stay connected with what was going on in astronomy.
So her son's playing in the sandbox and she's reading the journal, and she just breaks into tears because she misses doing research so much. She misses that curiosity of asking questions and searching for data, and really trying to figure out the answers to how the universe works.
It's at that point that her husband says, "You need to go back to school. It's time. We'll figure out child care. We'll figure out how to get dinners made. But let's do it."
So she goes back into astronomy. And eventually she starts doing research at Kitt Peak National Observatory, right? What's that like?
We're talking late 1960s. This is a 84-inch telescope, very large. Vera is at the telescope with Kent Ford, her collaborator. They're looking at this galaxy called Andromeda, which is our nearest neighbor. They're looking at these really young, hot stars on the edge of the galaxy, and they're trying to get the speeds of these stars — how fast are these stars going around Andromeda?
So they're looking at the data, and they're going, "Oh my gosh, this is not what we expected." The assumption was that the stars closer in would fly around the sun fast, and the stars farther out would go super slow. But these stars were moving faster than they expected.
The only way for those stars far out in the galaxy to move that fast is [that] there's got to be something happening out there that we don't understand.
What does she think is going on?
Well, she's not really sure. And again, she doesn't like to make assumptions or speak without data. So she and Kent Ford, and a couple other people, they really start to do a systematic study of galaxies.
She does 20 galaxies, and then 40, and then 60. And they all show this bizarre behavior of stars, these stars out far in the galaxy, moving way, way too fast. So at that point, you know, the astronomy community is like, "Okay, we have to deal with this."
In 1985, Vera Rubin gives this talk at the IAU. She says, "Nature has played a trick on us. That we have been studying matter that makes up only a small fraction of the universe. The rest of the universe is stuff that we don't understand, and we can't see it."
And I think because she did this in so many galaxies — we're talking 60 galaxies — there was really no denying it. It was really her work that pushed the community over the edge, to say we have to accept the idea that dark matter exists.
It sounds like if you really want to upend our entire conception of the universe, you have to come with some data.
Yeah, absolutely. Because she held onto that criticism of her master's and PhD work — she would just go after the data, and really make sure that the story she told from that data rang true.
One of the things that made her a remarkable scientist is her perseverance. She did face a lot of roadblocks, especially because she was a woman in science in the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s. She had to really persevere. Unfortunately, she will never get to see or know what dark matter is. But I don't know that she had a problem with that. She would take pride in the fact that she opened a whole new realm of astronomy and physics.
She basically created more questions than answers, and I think that's the mark of a remarkable scientist: when you open up these questions that no one ever thought of before. When you create a whole new generation of scientists who can go and answer them.
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Money laundering can be defined as introducing property values to economic turnover that benefit from a criminal act in order to give them a semblance of a legal origin. This practice is closely linked to criminal activities, usually in the most dangerous dimension, having in fact often organized character.
In order to prevent money laundering, Poland, like many other countries, has introduced to its legal system a law aiming to counteract money laundering as well as terrorist financing. Legal rules of the Act, along with provisions of other regulations having international character, which Poland is a party, specify rules and obligations relating to the prevention of money laundering.
The issue of anti-money laundering and counteracting terrorism has been regulated in the Act of 16 November 2000 on counteracting money laundering and financing terrorism (Journal of Laws No. 116, item. 1216, consolidated text of 16 March 2010., OJ . No. 46, pos. 276).
Although activity of BitBay, under Polish law, which is the law of incorporation BitBay, does not qualify Bitbay as an entity obligated to use the above law, BitBay took steps to ensure the transparency of trading and ensure the prevention of money laundering using the platform.
ensuring the participation of employees performing duties related to prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing in BitBay in training programs related to these obligations.
We additionally inform that in the case of referral to BitBay (by any state authority of Polish Republic, European Union or any other body appointed on the basis of an international agreement, which Republic of Poland is a party) of any ruling, which implies of the obligation to keep or transfer to a deposit account of the above institution user's cash or cryptocurrency. In this case the account of the user can be suspended and accumulated funds sent to the previously mentioned deposit account or blocked for duration of the ruling. The same consequences will occur while blocking bank account where Bitbay's funds are deposited, basing on any act of the above mentioned body or institution. In this case, BitBay advises the user of the reason for blocking access their funds within 7 days, starting from the date when blocking took place. BitBay at the explicit request of the relevant authorities and agencies and upon presentation of relevant required documents, has the right to share user's date to above described institutions.
BitBay reserves the right to not making transactions with entities located on the sanctions list conducted by the relevant institutions dealing with the prevention of money laundering, in particular in the framework of the United Nations, the European Union and the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the US Treasury Department (OFAC).