A two-step dental implant means that your dental implant procedure will be performed over the course of several months. This may seem like a lot of time but this ensures that your dental implants last for many years to come. This will prevent your implant from failing prematurely. Adjusting to a two-step dental implant procedure can be difficult to do as a young adult. Poor dental care or eating habits during the course of the procedure can easily result in a setback. Luckily, there are a few tips that you can use to help you adjust to the procedure.
How well the two-step dental implant procedure goes depends on the health of your mouth. This can be difficult to keep in order especially when you begin wearing a temporary denture. The temporary denture is used to protect the surgical site and protect it from external elements. However, the denture still needs to be properly cleaned and taken care of. Poor oral care can result in an infection around the temporary denture and near the surgical site. This will not only push back your two-step dental implant procedure but it will also result in a large amount of discomfort. The easiest way to maintain good oral care habits during this time is by using a water flosser to clean around your gum line and temporary dentures.
Some of the foods are not the best choices for maintaining a healthy mouth. Sticky and hard foods can make this task a little bit harder. The easiest way to deal with this is by watching the foods you decide to consume. Avoid the foods that are hard to remove from your tooth surface as well as foods that are difficult to chew. Instead, look for foods like soups, meal replacement shakes, and puddings. These foods require very little effort to chew and can easily by brushed from the surface of your tooth. It may be difficult to adjust to a softer diet at first. Therefore, you can slowly ease these foods into your diet. Once the procedure is completely done, then you can transition back into other foods.
A two-step dental implant procedure will transform your mouth as a young adult. Before you know it you will be enjoying a wider and smoother smile. Just use these tips to make the entire procedure as seamless as possible. For more information, visit sites like http://www.cresthillfamilydental.com.


Tracy Onega's official title is Associate Professor of Biomedical Data Science. But that designation seems altogether too dry when one learns a bit more about the nature of her work, which could be described as electronic excavation. Onega spends her days mining the healthcare ecosystem—from cancer registries and the U.S. census to huge data sets and the web—to reveal the ways in which an individual's locale impacts one's health status, the care received, and the outcomes realized, particularly with respect to cancer care in rural areas.
Onega has travelled a circuitous path to this point, earning master's degrees in geography and health informatics and becoming a physician assistant before earning her doctorate in clinical epidemiology and health services research from Dartmouth in 2007. "As a geographer, I worked a lot with geographic information systems (GIS), utilizing geospatial technology to examine habitat distribution and animal populations—a theme that translates from the natural sciences to health sciences in relation to healthcare and people," she explains. "Now, I'm able to work at the intersection of all my interests in terms of training."
Just as Onega's interests have shifted and coalesced over the years, so, too, have research methodologies. "In the 1970s, we relied on information derived from sources such as population-based cancer registries and the census. Today, however, we can utilize data technology and informatics methodologies to access massive amounts of data from myriad digital sources very soon after it's gathered."
For example, Onega says, she and her fellow researchers have used web content mining and purpose-built algorithms to explore the diffusion of new technologies such as 3-D mammography. "In the past, it's been hard to determine how new technologies disseminate across populations until well after the fact—data is frequently retrospective, delayed, and oftentimes incomplete." But new methodologies allow researchers to rapidly bring big data into the spatial and location realm in ways that are quite revealing.
3-D mammography was being used before insurers covered the procedure, Onega explains, so no claim code existed for billing, making it exceedingly difficult to get a sense of the technology's spread in real time, such as who has the equipment, who doesn't, who's using it, who isn't. Using geoinformatics, however, Onega can plumb the contents of the web to find places that are employing the technology. "Scale is no longer an issue—through machine learning and specialized algorithms, we can search the web and look for entities offering 3-D mammography any place we want and as often as we want."
The disease is pervasive—I've been touched by cancer within my own family, and one out of every two people in this country will be touched directly or indirectly sometime in their lifetime.
What Onega has found is that the move from digital to 3-D mammography is more rapid and widespread than the move from film to digital mammography, meaning that access to this valuable cancer prevention tool is gaining equity at a rapid rate.
In this study as in much of her research, Onega's focus is cancer care. "The disease is pervasive—I've been touched by cancer within my own family, and one out of every two people in this country will be touched directly or indirectly sometime in their lifetime," she says. Onega is particularly interested in how cancer care resources are apportioned across populations and how those decisions impact cancer patients. Public policy agencies like the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society are interested as well, and they look to research like Onega's for guidance in allocating and distributing cancer care across the country, particularly in rural areas.
While Onega is pleased to contribute to national research initiatives, she is also eager to make a difference on a regional level. "I'm interested in partnering with the state of New Hampshire to conduct research with a more local focus. I would very much like to translate our findings into interventions that help to improve delivery of care and outcomes right here in our region."
Onega loves this area and says that her affiliation with Dartmouth is a perfect match on many levels. "I prefer rural areas with low population density, and the Upper Valley is beautiful—I can walk out my back door and be on a cross-country ski trail in minutes." But the region's natural beauty is just one aspect of Dartmouth's allure, she continues, "I love the Dartmouth environment—it's a vibrant medical school community, yet it's small enough to foster broad, collegial ties. There are many opportunities for cross-disciplinary activity within Geisel, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center is one of only two, rural National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers in the U.S. In short, as a researcher, it's an incredibly rewarding place to be."


text:
Ionia, MI
The 8 Best Sporting Goods Stores in Michigan!
Magnum Sports, Greenville, MI
Greenville is home to Magnum Sports, itself a facility largely devoted to the three biggest sports in Michigan: hunting, fishing and target shooting. With 20,000 square-feet to its credit and both a…
Greenville is home to Magnum Sports, itself a facility largely devoted to the three biggest sports…
The 9 Best Places for BIG Food in Michigan!
Winter Inn, Greenville, MI
If you're in Greenville on a Sunday, then you're in the right place at the right time to check out one monster feed. Specifically, it's a feed known as the 50-Wing Challenge. As the name suggests,…
If you're in Greenville on a Sunday, then you're in the right place at the right time to check out…
The 9 Best Playgrounds in Michigan!
Danish Kingdom Playground, Greenville, MI
Danish Kingdom Playground in Greenville offers a massive centralized play structure featuring slides, cargo nets made of old tires, and a multi-level experience on par with the best. The standard…
Danish Kingdom Playground in Greenville offers a massive centralized play structure featuring…
The 10 Best Auto Races in Michigan!
Mid-Michigan Raceway Park, Fenwick, MI
While for the most part, Mid-Michigan Raceway Park in Fenwick is a fairly normal if somewhat small track, it does have an unusual event that may draw some interest: The 4-Cylinder Bombers races.…
While for the most part, Mid-Michigan Raceway Park in Fenwick is a fairly normal if somewhat small…
Schnitz Ada Grill, Ada, MI
By day, the Schnitz Ada Grill in Ada is a full-service deli that makes a pretty impressive lunch. At night, however, it puts on its good suit and becomes a casual fine dining affair that's well…
By day, the Schnitz Ada Grill in Ada is a full-service deli that makes a pretty impressive lunch.…
The 10 Best Tattoo Parlors in Michigan!
Bold Statement Tattoos & Piercing Emporium, Greenville, MI
Head on up to Greenville to check out Bold Statement Tattoos and Piercing Emporium, a shop whose name says it all. Home of piercings and tattoos but also tattoos of a nature that makes these bold…
Head on up to Greenville to check out Bold Statement Tattoos and Piercing Emporium, a shop whose…
The 9 Best Consignment Shops in Michigan!
Georgie's Consignment Clothing, Ada, MI
Over in Ada, you'll be able to check out Georgie's Consignment Clothing, a place that lets you get fully decked out for reasonable prices. Check out the "designer room," which features…
Over in Ada, you'll be able to check out Georgie's Consignment Clothing, a place that lets you get…
Best Pizza in Michigan: Our 9 Favorites!
Cugino's, Grand Ledge, MI
In Michigan, pizza tends to run closer to the Chicago style than the New York, and those who want a deep dish that will bend the server head to Cugino's in Grand Ledge. Featuring an additional 10…
In Michigan, pizza tends to run closer to the Chicago style than the New York, and those who want a…
The 8 Best Places for Pancakes in Michigan!
Sophia's House of Pancakes, Grand Ledge, MI
Sophia's House of Pancakes in Grand Ledge makes it clear that it's not affiliated with any other Sophia's restaurant, but it's got a way with pancakes all its own. Start out with a regular or short…
Sophia's House of Pancakes in Grand Ledge makes it clear that it's not affiliated with any other…
The 8 Best Craft Stores in Michigan!
Jami's Craft Supplies, Hastings, MI
Hastings is your target for Jami's Craft Supplies, a store which focuses on all the crafty miscellany anyone could ask for. From simple beginnings like headbands, tiaras, foam balls and more to…
Hastings is your target for Jami's Craft Supplies, a store which focuses on all the crafty…
Best Things In & Around Ionia, MI
By day, the Schnitz Ada Grill in Ada is a full-service deli that makes a pretty impressive lunch. At night, however, it puts on its good suit and becomes a casual fine dining affair that's well… Read More
Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park, Grand Rapids, MI
Featured in The 15 Most Romantic Places in Michigan!
It's hard to deny the romance of nature, and it's even better when you can get access to tropical plants and similarly-heated surroundings in the midst of winter. That's positively tailor-made for… Read More
Strange Matter Coffee, Lansing, MI
Featured in The 8 Best Spots for Iced Coffee in Michigan!
Home to unusual coffee and regularly rotating art, Lansing's Strange Matter Coffee strives to evoke a complex experience from nearly every sense. Iced mocha is especially prized here by previous… Read More
Featured in The 9 Best Consignment Shops in Michigan!
Over in Ada, you'll be able to check out Georgie's Consignment Clothing, a place that lets you get fully decked out for reasonable prices. Check out the "designer room," which features… Read More
Featured in The 9 Best Places for BIG Food in Michigan!
If you're in Greenville on a Sunday, then you're in the right place at the right time to check out one monster feed. Specifically, it's a feed known as the 50-Wing Challenge. As the name suggests,… Read More
Featured in The 8 Best First Date Locations in Michigan!
Featuring year-round capability—with both indoor and outdoor components to it—those who want a walking date with plenty of plants and sculptures to see will find great common ground at… Read More
Cousin's Tasty Chicken, Grand Rapids, MI
Featured in The 9 Best Places for Fried Chicken in Michigan!
Grand Rapids' Cousin's Tasty Chicken is often considered one of the best such operations in Grand Rapids. With chicken available in standard form, as well as in tenders and nuggets, you'll have… Read More
Tanger Outlets, Grand Rapids, MI
Featured in The 7 Best Shopping Outlets and Malls in Michigan!
Byron Center's Tanger Outlets has a lot going for it, with stores ranging from American Eagle Outfitters to a Book Warehouse outlet to Bath and Body Works. It runs the gamut of items available, but… Read More
Grove, Grand Rapids, MI
Featured in The 13 Best Restaurants in Michigan!
Where Detroit is the east side of Michigan's capital for upscale dining, that honor goes to Grand Rapids. One of the biggest names in upscale dining in Grand Rapids is Grove, with 4.5 out of five… Read More
Events around Ionia, MI
D.J. Demers
Special Olympics Michigan Unified Sports & Inclusion Center, Grand Rapids, MI
Mike Vecchione
First Congregational UCC of Lowell, Lowell, MI
Lowell Showboat Sizzlin' Summer Concert - The Last Gasp Collective
Riverwalk Plaza, Lowell, MI
Lowell Showboat Sizzlin' Summer Concert - Prior Noon
Lowell Showboat Sizzlin' Summer Concert - Desmond Jones
Lowell Showboat Sizzlin' Summer Concert - Magic Bus and Great Lakes Brass
Lowell Showboat Sizzlin' Summer Concert - Steve Hilger Band
Find it Fast Near Ionia
Mid-Michigan Raceway Park
7573 Hayes Road, Fenwick, MI
About Us: Local dirt track located between Ionia and Crystal, we race every Friday night at 8m. Regular car classes are late models, modifieds, pr... Read More
Stanton Old Fashioned Days
P.O. Box 1, Stanton, MI
Stanton Old Fashioned Days is Stanton's yearly city celebration. It takes place annually on the second weekend in August. The festival includes: a ... Read More
7201 Lessiter Road, Belding, MI
About Us:Grattan Raceway, considered one of the finest road course in America, just 25 miles N.E. of Grand Rapids, Michigan. The Picturesque two-mi... Read More
Charlton Park Father's Day Car Show
2545 South Charlton Park Road, Hastings, MI
Shaggy Pines Dog Park
3895 Cherry Lane, Ada, MI
This unique, 20-acre private park is located in the heart of Cascade Township serving the Metro Grand Rapids area. You'll find plenty of towering p... Read More
Arts in Ada
Bronson Street, Ada, MI
About UsThis annual event occurs in May each year on Bronson Street in downtown Ada. It's a one day event. Each year approx... Read More
Cruisin for Gramps
530 West Beech Street, Charlotte, MI
Joe's Gizzard City
120 West Main Street, Potterville, MI
Welcome to Gizzard City! Many of you have heard of this town icon in the city of Potterville. Joe's has been owned by our family since 1960. The ow... Read More
Lyons, MI
Muir, MI
Orleans, MI
Saranac, MI
Palo, MI
Belding, MI
Smyrna, MI
Pewamo, MI
Fenwick, MI
Clarksville, MI
Hubbardston, MI
Lake Odessa, MI
Westphalia, MI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I definitely have a thing for buttons. I use them almost every year on my Christmas cards, and I even carried a bouquet of them down the aisle at my wedding. There will probably always be something made from buttons in my shop, and currently I have these earrings listed for only $8.50 each. The colours and patterns we have will always be changing since I work with vintage, or thrifted buttons. Below are the colours and styles that are currently available.
If you are looking for a unique stocking stuffer these would be perfect! They are a great combination of understated and whimsical, with the added bonus of being made from something that otherwise would have been discarded. If you have metal allergies but still want a pair contact me, and I'll see what I can do.
To shop the current collection of button earrings head on over to the jewelry collection.


text:
Q: Shoutbox - AJAX + PHP = delete items I have easy shoutbox on my page, but i have problem with delete shouts.
get.php
$data = array();

$q = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM shouts ORDER BY id DESC");

while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($q)) {
    $row .= '[delete] ID: '.$row['id'].' | '.$row['msg'].'
';
}

$data['shouts'] = $shouts;

echo json_encode($data);

add.php
$data = array();
$msg = $_POST['msg'];

mysql_query("
    INSERT INTO shouts
    VALUES (
        null,
        '".mysql_real_escape_string($msg)."',
        now()
    )
");

$data['msg'] = $msg;

echo json_encode($data);

And my JS:
$(document).ready(function(){

    get_shouts();

    $("#chat_send").submit(function(){

        var msg = $('input[name="msg"]').val();

        chat_send(chat_shout);

        return false;

    });

    $('a.delete_shout').live("click",function(){
        alert(1);
    });

    setInterval(function(){
        chat_refresh();
    }, 3000);

});

JS Functions:
function chat_send(chat_shout) {

    if (chat_shout.trim() != '') {
        $.ajax({
            type: "POST",
            url: "./send.php",
            data: "chat_shout="+chat_shout,
            success: function(data) {
                get_shouts();
            }
        });
        $('input[name="msg"]').val('');
    }

}

function get_shouts() {

    $.ajax({
        type: "POST",
        dataType: "json",
        url: "./get.php",
        success: function(data) {
            $('.shouts').html(data["shouts"]);
        }
    });

}

function chat_refresh(last_shout_id) {
    get_shouts();
}

All is good, its work, but how add delete shouts option? I add in get.php:
[delete]

But if i click "delete" its not work... not action.
Help please

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Apr. 14, 2016, 3:13 p.m.
Several House Democrats wiped away tears Thursday as they listened to two Californians talk about living in poverty.
Audience members sniffled as Maverick Bishop, 26, of San Francisco spoke about the years he and his mother spent bouncing from shelter to shelter fleeing his abusive, drug-using father.


text:
<?php

namespace Dety\BackofficeBundle\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Template;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\SecurityContext;
use JMS\SecurityExtraBundle\Annotation\Secure;

class DefaultController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Action qui va checker toute seule le login grâce au fichier /app/config/security.yml
     *
     * @Route("/login", name="login")
     * @Template()
     */
    public function loginAction()
    {
        $request    = $this->getRequest();
        $session    = $request->getSession();

        if ($request->attributes->has(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR)) {
            $error = $request->attributes->get(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
        } else {
            $error = $session->get(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
        }

        return array(
            // last username entered by the user
            'last_username' => $session->get(SecurityContext::LAST_USERNAME),
            'error'         => $error,
        );
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Novomatics commitment for rimini
NOVOMATIC corporate responsibility commitment is expressed supporting cultural, scientific and sports-related initiatives. This commitment has been shown in the Group's 11 years of activity in Italy chosing numerous initiatives related to the community, with particular interest in the places where we are present with our commercial and industrial presence, such as Rimini, the place where just over a decade ago we took our first steps. Among these, of particular importance was the sponsorship of Rimini Football Club. NOVOMATIC and Rimini Calcio have been a winning combination, a synergy that contributed to bringing the team back to professional football in the spring of 2018.
After the complete ban on advertising and sponsorship for the gaming company, the withdrawal of the team's sponsorship has become a media case, such for the other important sport event sponsored by NOVOMATIC Italia, Rimini Marathon. The paradigm has changed, in compliance with the new legal provisions, and the possibility is to move to charity or to become patrons, in the Latin sense of the term, with the Art Bonus: according to art. 1 of Legislative Decree no. 83 of 31.5.2014, "Urgent provisions for the protection of cultural heritage, the development of culture and the revival of tourism", converted with amendments into Law n. 106 of 29/07/2014 and subsequent amendments, a tax credit has been introduced for donations in cash to support culture and entertainment as an intervention of patronage in favor of cultural heritage.
So NOVOMATIC Italia, confirms its commitment to the city of Rimini, supporting the City in the reconstruction of the historic grandstand of the stadium "Romeo Neri". The municipal stadium is surely one of the main sporting centers of the city which, as a whole, has acquired a sporting function as well as of aggregation and meeting, certainly wider and multidisciplinary, hosting on average, every day, five hundred sportsmen - including athletes, young people, students, enthusiasts - without counting the relative escorts or spectators.
To carry out the works, a subscription was opened until the sum of € 410,000 was reached. NOVOMATIC Italia has contributed with a liberal grant of 40,000 euros: supporting the community, through one of the main sports centers, means guaranteeing the city a place of aggregation and meeting, and supporting one of the territories in which NOVOMATIC operates, produces and lives.


In the 21st century, the internet's biggest gift to the world has been allowing family and friends to stay in more frequent contact – no matter where in the world they might be.
Thanks to email technology, people need no longer keep track of multiple addresses in order to get in touch with someone. And as a result of webcams, catching up "face to face" has never been easier too.
If you regularly video call family and friends, it can be easy to stick to software you know. But there are plenty of options out there – make sure you scour the market to find the tool that works best for you.
One of the world's most popular tools for catching up online is Skype. First released in 2003, this application incorporates voice calls, video calls and instant messaging. So if your friends and relatives are signed into their Skype accounts too, you can chat, talk and see them in just a few clicks. Integrated webcams in laptops and monitors have made video calls on Skype very popular, but there are other alternatives too. Oovoo and UberConference, for instance, are popular with businesses arranging video conference calls on the internet. But if you're planning a large family video chat online, one of these clients may be better suited to your multi-person needs than Skype.
Never one to be outdone by its competitors, Google+ Hangouts is one of the newer video chat options on the web. Launched in May 2013, Hangouts is similar to Skype in that it enables messaging, video and voice chats. However, its emphasis is on group conversations, rather than one-on-ones. So if you're organising a family get-together, or simply want to be able to send a message to all your children, grandchildren or siblings at once, this is a great solution – especially if you all already have Google accounts.
Alternatively, Facebook fans should experiment with Facebook Video Calling. If you're connected to your family members and friends on Facebook, you just need to click the call button on their profile to start your video chat. This is a great way to get in touch with that elusive child who won't reply to texts or phone calls but seems permanently glued to Facebook. However, the drawback is that you can only call one person at a time.
Though camera phones have been around for a while, smartphone apps have made video chats possible. The great thing about video chatting on your smartphone is that you don't just get to see the face of the loved one you're chatting too – you can show them what's around you too. So if you've just walked up a hill or mountain, for instance, you can video call friends and family to share the view with them.
Both Skype and Google Hangouts are available for smartphones, and iPhone users can use Facetime to video chat with each other too. But remember, if you don't have unlimited data or you're not connected to Wi-Fi, video streaming could really hit hard when you get your next mobile phone bill.


Just received my POPSUGAR Must Have box for April in the mail and I must say I am pretty disappointed with the contents of this months box. I'm well aware that is indeed the chance you take with subscription boxes and I'm only critical of this box because I have liked many of the item I have received from this sub in the past and feel that this box just wasn't up to their regular standards. Even if they would have included one more item I think it could have vastly improved this box, as it stands I'm just not feeling it and I'm hoping next month will be better.
This is a gardenia scented roll on oil and it is heavily floral which I'm not into at all. I did put some on my pulse points and it was still pretty strong for the first 4 hours and then tamed down a bit but I don't think I'll be wearing this.
I'm so over the gold jewelry trend that's been going on lately I never liked gold to begin with so this trend can end anytime now! I know I know other people don't mind gold as much as I do but this is the third gold colored jewelry item we have gotten in a Must Have box now I want some silver. The bracelet itself is good quality but not something I would ever pay $28 for.
I guess at least this will be semi useful for clothes even though I don't really know what I'm going to put in it at the moment. I will say it's gigantic and can be turned into a duffle or used as a hamper liner which might be what I end up using it for not sure.
Alright I dig the fact that this is organic and it uses quinoa for the crispy part. I don't dig that this is incredibly bitter and anyone who says this is "tasty" is a flat out liar or doesn't have taste buds. Sure it's dark chocolate so I expected it to be a bit bitter but not bitter enough to make me pucker! Bottom line this stuff is gross don't eat it!
I don't use blotting papers all that much so these will probably sit around until one day I find some use for them. Tatcha is a well known company when it comes to blotting papers and beauty products so at least I get to try something from them at some point.
There we have it ladies and gents the most disappointing POPSUGAR Must Have box to date in my book. I hope next month they come together with something better. Based on MSRP values this box comes in at $104.98 which is really cutting it close to their promised MSRP value of $100 had one of these products been a bit lower in price and they would have really been in trouble with subscribers imo!
The only thing I would have liked is the perfume because I love gardenia. The rest of it would have been a waste. I can see why you were unhappy!
Yes they took a big risk having the perfume being the big ticket item since everyone has different scent preferences. I hope next month is better.
Yep yep I wish they would have taken the time to make this a better box.
I'm sorry this is your first box it really is my least favorite. I hope that things get better for next month!
Worst box yet. I mean WOW.
Can see why you're disappointed. And a laundry bag? Really? Wow!
I was also really disappointed with this and couldn't initially believe that it was worth more than $100, as POPSUGAR promises. Adding up the actual retail values, it is, but I'd NEVER spend that much on these little things. I did like the perfume and the bracelet and blotting papers are okay, but I didn't love the chocolate or the laundry bag. This box just felt cheaper than previous boxes.
Yeah they just barely scraped by on the promised MSRP value. I have to wonder if they laxed on quality of this box because of the luxury box coming out next month or because of the Brokedown wrap debacle of last month either way it shouldn't have been skimped on.
I'm so so disappointed in this bag. What a waste of my $35 plus shipping. The bracelet is meant to be worn stacked so to look good you'd want to buy a few.
Yep I agree it could have been much better and this is my least fav of the ones I have received. Shipping for this box is free however.
Yeah, I can definitely see why you are disappointed with this month's POPSUGAR box. My favorite item is the Shashi bracelet, but I totally agree with you about the price. It doesn't look like something I would gladly hand over $28 for.


text:
Home Where's My Guidebook? Where's My Guidebook?: Watchdogs on the Prowl
VoyagerG December 17, 2021 Where's My Guidebook?
How the National Coalition of TV Violence interfered withVoyagers! Production
The National Coalition of TV Violence (NCTV) was a television watchdog group led by Thomas Radecki, a former psychiatrist, and coalition chairman. Since the fall of 1980, the group had routinely issued research reports on television shows. The NCTV had three-thousand members consisting of psychiatrists, psychologists, pediatricians, and members of anti-violence organizations. The paid staff included six monitors, four part-time and two full-time. The staff-team regularly changed since they were barely paid minimum wage. ($3.10- $3.35 hr. between 1980-82.)
The NCTV findings were taken seriously by the mainstream media and the television critics who preferred having the statistics back up their opinions and potshots at TV shows they disliked. Newspapers printed NCTV reports frequently, giving them as much focus as the Neilson Ratings. The major TV networks were forced to notice and adjust their programming.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) had conducted its examination in May 1982. Their researchers concluded that violence on television led to aggressive behavior in children and teens who watched those programs. Simply put, TV was considered a general form of violent entertainment. Between 1972 and 1982, they claimed more violence on children's weekend programs than on prime-time television.
Rev. Donald Wildmon headed the Coalition for Better Television. He pushed to boycott NBC and its parent company RCA. Wildmon insisted the network aired shows with too much violence and sexual content and too often stereotyped people with religious faith. He also rallied to boycott NBC's subsidiary company, Hertz. Wildmon asked Coalition members not to buy RCA products of Hertz cars. After watching an episode of Magnum, PI (1980), Wildmon noted the hero shot an unarmed man.
"Our position is that violence is still being exploited by the networks. They have departed from what they said, that the good guy has certain morals."
The National Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) also joined in the war on TV violence. They packed a 'Critical Viewing Skills' kit to educate parents and kids about proper viewing habits. The kit included a questionnaire for parents to monitor their children's programs to track the violence in the shows they watched. Parents were to report rewards or punishments given to the initiators of violence and its effect on the victim. They noted physical and psychological injuries, property damage or loss, and social trauma. They also had to remark if they felt the consequences were realistic.
NBC was hit the hardest because it had the worst record of the networks. Voyagers! (1982) was one of the top five shows considered too violent for prime-time between September 27 and December 26, 1982. It fell in the number three spot, beginning with 30 violent acts per hour. It was considered one of the most violent programs ever shown at 7:00 pm. This report didn't bode well for the networks when the watchdog groups and religious organizations put sex and violence on television under extreme fire. Even if there wasn't sexual content, the critics felt that producers substituted violence for creativity.
The 1995 book Violence in the Media makes critical points that have plagued television content and reviews every decade.
"The "problem" of TV violence is not a problem of uninformed viewers. … The problem, in the minds of the critics, is that television violence exists at all. That is why the critics are never satisfied. If TV violence is realistic, as in a reality cop show, they complain that it leads people to think the world is threatening. If it is unrealistic, as in cartoons, they complain that it is desensitizing. If violence is portrayed as painful or bloody, they complain about gore. If it is portrayed as clean, they complain about trivialization."
"If villains use violence to hurt people, critics gripe about bad role models. If heroes use violence to save people, they're teaching that violence solves problems, critics say."
The number of supposed acts of violence in Voyagers! (1982) increased with further study. The NCTV released a wire report to media outlets naming their top ten most violent shows airing on prime-time. Guess which show was number one? Apparently, with a grand total of 37 violent acts, some real-life wars saw less action than Voyagers! (1982) by NCTV standards. Because of this ruling, the producers and writers always needed to appease television censors figuratively out for blood.
According to the NCTV, "Anything over ten acts per episode is considered high and excessive. We have never had a series that maintained a level of 37 acts during the course of a season."
Thomas Radecki and the NCTV outrageously cited Voyagers! (1982) as the gravest example of TV violence when it premiered. The Coalition mailed detailed reports persuading TV networks, stations, and advertisers to curtail violence. The growth of such brutality in children's shows bothered him more than in any other programming.
"Voyagers! (1982), Tales of the Gold Monkey (1982), and Bring 'Em Back Alive (1982) all make wartime violence and intrigue into exciting family fun. Bombs, grenades, airplane duels, and taking the law into your own hands all become routine for the home viewer. At a time when war is raging around the globe, and the major powers are threatening each other with a nuclear arms race and war, we should be especially careful to portray violence and war accurately."
When Radecki discussed the new crop of shows (including Voyagers! (1982) and some returning shows like CHiPs (1977), he was concerned with who would influence the children.
"They make violence attractive to younger viewers, and the heroes become the new role models that kids want to emulate."
On Voyagers! (1982), he added, "The rating is higher than any show that I know of in the past. We have not had any program in our annual surveys that consistently ranked that high."
Radecki claimed Voyagers! (1982) was "… a revisiting of the most violent episodes in human history with the two heroes, one, a 10-year-old boy, using violence in the guise of making things right again."
He felt Voyagers! (1982) mocked real wars by turning them into "… exciting entertainment where heroes never die."
"Voyagers rapidly flies from World War I to pirate warfare and brutal gladiator combat in ancient Rome, making it all seem very appealing."
Even children weren't safe from NCTV finger-wagging. Dr. Radecki called the character Jeffrey Jones "… a 10-year-old master of violence, always throwing sticks of dynamite to blow up soldiers."
In defense of Voyagers! (1982) Jeffrey was eleven going on twelve. Voyager Bogg, the adult, threw sticks of dynamite, and it wasn't his intention to kill anyone. In "Bully and Billy," Bogg threw dynamite off rooftops to create a diversion. He awakened the sleeping soldiers and scared them and their horses so they'd run away.
In "Worlds Apart," Bogg throws dynamite at the entrance of a giant, locked gate to free the people trapped in the prison camp.
In "The Trial of Phineas Bogg," Jeffrey does attempt to move a stick of lit dynamite away from Sam Houston, who was tethered to a wood post. Jeffrey didn't even get near it because a wagon wheel fell atop him. Bogg runs over to help, and he throws the dynamite from them, making sure the area's free of people.
Tom Shales, a critic for The Washington Post, felt the violence was taken out of context, for example, if the story revolved around war. "Look at The Blue and the Gray, an eight-hour CBS special. It is extremely gory by TV standards, but it is telling the story of the Civil War, and the war was violent. If you just sit and count incidents, you are often missing the point. Violence, in this case, is justified."
When it came to shows like Voyagers! (1982) Shales considered it "cartoon violence."
"When you have a car flying through the air, somebody ducking and no one being hurt, from my viewpoint that is totally harmless. Technically it is violence, but it's a much more innocent form of violence."
CAPTAIN KANGAROO, Robert Keeshan, 1955-1984
Bob Keeshan was instrumental in children's programming, from playing the original Clarabell the Clown in NBC's Howdy Doody (1947) to creating the beloved CBS TV show Captain Kangaroo (1955). In addressing violence on TV, he referred to actual history.
"There is a lot of talk about violence as an evil thing, but history books could not be written without it, and many of Shakespeare's works could not be staged without it."
Interestingly, by the 1990s, Keeshan wanted to revive Captain Kangaroo but felt that children's programming had become too violent, so he crusaded against it. Ultimately, there will always be violence in reality, and that will make its way into popular entertainment, whether it's found in plays, movies, books, or television.
Voyagers! Scene Breakdown
The NCTV put more emphasis on murder and rape than angry pushes and shoves. Playful pies in the face weren't counted, but furious pie tosses and punches did. There's no pie-tossing on Voyagers! (1982) (ain't that a shame?) but there is a grapefruit smashing!
https://www.voyagersguidebook.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Bogg-Cleo-Grapefruit-scene.mp4
Bogg shoved a grapefruit in Cleopatra's face in mock anger. It was a clever ruse taken from the James Cagney film The Public Enemy (1931).
Bogg needed to provoke Babe Ruth enough to leave the speakeasy before the real gun-toting criminals showed up. Babe Ruth, defending Cleo, asks Bogg to "step outside" for treating a woman so harshly, "even if she is your wife!" he says in all seriousness. Cleo tries to referee while Jeffrey's yelling at them all to hurry up and get in the car. The plan worked perfectly until Lucky Luciano and his gangsters appeared, and a car chase ensued. The scene is played for laughs in the spirit of a screwball comedy.
Knowing the NCTV's standards, they probably counted Bogg's grapefruit smash the same way they did "furious pie-tossing" and marked it as an act of violence. A counter-argument for violence not mentioned is that although Cleopatra was a willing party to Babe's kidnapping, Bogg committed a violent act against a woman. Due to the dire circumstances, he didn't apologize for the ruse. Still, he was willing to explain once they escaped Luciano.
The NCTV reports were more concerned with bullets, bombs, punches, and knifings regardless of gender. The additional factor of violence against women is more concern today than in 1982. Especially considering they have a young boy make the suggestion based on what he saw on TV. Today's Feminist movement would eat that scene up and spit it out as a prime example of young boys being taught "toxic masculinity."
CBS Spokesman George Schweitzer reasoned, "I'm sure if you put 50 people in a room and showed five different programs, you'd get different responses to what was violence. Everybody has a different definition of what violence is."
While their wording differs slightly, the TV networks use a similar definition of violence. It is considered an intentional inflection of physical harm by one person on another. Jon-Erik Hexum didn't buy all the criticism and voiced his displeasure (laced with sarcasm) on a few occasions. He was more concerned with ratings than accusations of violence because they'd be canceled if the show didn't rise in the Neilsons.
"We got a lot of good press. We also got some bad press from the National Coalition of TV Violence, but they don't know what they're talking about."
On being targeted as the most violent show on TV, Jon-Erik remarked, "I think that's wonderful. What we need is to be accused of being sexually exploitative, then we'll really get an audience."
What Accounts For "TV Violence?"
Thomas Radecki had considered his violence counting method the best ever used. The NCTV counted each intentional hostile action. If someone got hit with a fist, then smashed with a chair in a brawl, that would count as two separate acts. They also counted serious threats where guns were present.
Horst Stipp, former Director of Social Research at NBC, said, "The big problem with counting violence is you have to ignore content. In one instance, you might have a criminal murdering somebody. In another, you might have a cop on "Hill Street Blues," shooting a fugitive, then collapsing and crying over what happened. One might be exploitative; the other might have a strong anti-violence message."
For Jon-Erik Hexum, too, the intent was everything. He'd felt the Coalition didn't consider the violence in context and gave the example of a crazy rapist chasing a woman until he catches her. The Coalition would label that as one act of violence.
"There's no question that it's (Voyagers!) not a violent show. The National Coalition doesn't consider context; they consider acts. They have accused us of 37 murders on the show, which is ridiculous. Their standards are illogically distorted."
Jon-Erik overstated the NCTV findings, but he made a valid point. Nobody is ever seen murdered on the show. One report declared that on Voyagers! (1982) an episode might open with a historical battle scene, dead bodies (no gore or close-ups), and gunfire. Then the camera will pan up to Bogg and Jeffrey. This is clearly an exaggerated description of a scene that never actually happened.
The only time viewers saw literal death was in the Pilot episode. After the Red Baron shoots at Bogg and Jeffrey on the haystack, Eddie Rickenbacker and Mary Murphy are seen dragging two men away from a crashed airplane, and the men are left face-down in the grass.
Eddie remarks to Bogg, "I'm alive, which is more than I can say for the guys in the Escort plane."
Aside from physical assaults, the Voyagers! (1982) production team learned to their dismay that the Coalition's criteria for violence calculated exploding bombs and gunfire, even just the sound of them, as individual acts of violence. So in that instance, scenes where weapons, explosives, and gunfire were merely heard, outnumbered an actual rape scene.
Jon-Erik Hexum defended Phineas Bogg's actions. "I have never killed, never stabbed anyone. And the most I ever punch people is three times. It's comic book violence, not malicious or vicious. There's no animosity or mal-intent."
"I would grab a pirate by the nose, and they would call that 'extreme violence.' It was absurd."
Quoting a similar line spoken about Phineas Bogg's actions during "The Trial of Phineas Bogg," Jon-Erik said, "What people say or what people mean is everything. You can cling to the letter of the law and not the spirit. The simplest retort is to watch the show."
During Jon-Erik's 1984 interview on the Don Harron Show (1983), Harron mentioned that someone had said the show was full of violence. Jon-Erik, slightly annoyed, responded, "The National Coalition against TV Violence said it, but they don't consider content. It was like grabbing a pirate by the nose, you know, spinning him around. It wasn't really violent at all. We did good, against 60 Minutes, at least we stood on a year."
Ralph Daniels at a 1986 Senate Committee hearing on the Negative Impact of Violence on TV. Watch the hearing on C-Span's website.
Ralph Daniels, then NBC's Vice President for Broadcast Standards, kept a realistic view of Voyagers! (1982) historical themes.
"We're capturing the essence of a situation. There is action and violence, but we ensure that there is not excessive violence. There are no threats. There is no question that in history, there was violence. I think we're dealing more with actions."
NBC CEO Grant Tinker was asked to remark on the effect of TV violence on crime and delinquency. "If you sit a 5-year old child down all day before a set, it's bound to have an effect. We're going to work closely with the producers of shows like The Powers of Matthew Star, Voyagers!, Gavilan, and Knight Rider, to be sure there is no excessive violence. Hopefully, if we set an example, others will follow."
After reviewing the NCTV's findings, a 1983 editorial in The Boston Globe made their own summations of the network shows, including Voyagers! (1982) when they'd studied the twelfth episode, "Buffalo Bill and Annie Oakley Play the Palace."
"Voyagers! NBC – The episode viewed may have been atypical. It opened with a montage of warfare, but our time-traveling heroes faced no more pitched battles for the remainder of the hour. There were a couple of fights, a fiery explosion, a flying kick, some pushing and shoving, and threats emphasized with a whip and an array of spears. The "educational" portion of the show consisted of some Russophobic dialogue and a homily on "respect for life" delivered by none other than Albert Schweitzer. Even assuming this show has less violence than usual, it's difficult to believe "Voyagers!" leads the medium in rough stuff. But there must be more peaceful, constructive ways for kids to learn history."
When the NCTV cracked down, critics were quick to notice. They called gratuitous violence a "cheap crutch" used by scriptwriters and noted it'd disappeared from prime-time television. They still claimed the most violence was found in Voyagers! (1982), Bring 'Em Back Alive (1982), and Tales of the Gold Monkey (1982).
The Boston Globe editorial continued, "I'm not excusing these series – especially the children-oriented "Voyagers" – but at least a half-thinking parent should be able to adequately explain to a child the difference between make-believe fantasy and real-world violence. Better yet, adults might be better advised to skip them in the first place; after all, there is a valid argument that TV violence translates into real-world violence."
No doubt, viewing excessive television violence can have a detrimental effect over time, particularly on children. They're often excellent mimics. The world is not just influenced by television anymore. The Internet has become a steady source of entertainment. Adults have to be careful about what they put out since children quickly learn to gain access. Videos on popular sites like Youtube, Instagram, Tik-Tok, and Facebook feature scores of adults partaking in questionable "challenges," creating their own fan films, and re-enacting scenes from famous movies and shows. Other video forum sites show clips and images of horrific acts of violence and accidents. The mainstream news media runs violent footage, sometimes 24-hours a day. In some instances, movies and television shows become the "Strawman" for political and social debates when individual acts of violence are perpetrated in real life.
Adults are responsible for their choices and parents accountable for stepping in and making their own television judgment calls. They should take an active interest in their child's viewing habits, rather than presume that because it's labeled "made for kids," that it doesn't contain violence.
The average viewers, especially children, are not ticking boxes or keeping a written list. Not unless they're hoping to get those Nielson rating dollars through yearly surveys. The bottom line is that viewers want to relax and enjoy programs, not count how many gunshots or bombs they may have heard "in the distance."
It's understandable why violence reports from the NCTV or NIMH carried weight with the mainstream. In 1982, television didn't have a rating system. From 1982 – 1993, the NCTV data found children's programs across the 4 major TV networks too violent, curiously making it the most violent television genre. Over the decade, they cited that the average number of violent acts per hour was 22.4, compared to 8.6 for adult programs aired during the same period.
It took fifteen years to develop a TV rating system. In 1997 Congress and the FCC mandated ratings for major broadcast networks and cable stations. Since then, every program has been marked with an alphanumeric rating and content warning. Reliable, high-traffic websites such as IMDB (The Internet Movie Database) allow users to post notices with specific counts of violence, swearing, and immoral or sexual acts.
Television is arguably considered an art form, though others classify films and TV as only a visual medium. Regardless, it's often said that "art imitates life" or reflects society. The difference is stark when comparing Voyagers! (1982) to the prime-time programs currently airing in the 2020s. If America had kept to the original NCTV standards, the violence count on children's programming would be out of control.
Voyagers! (1982) received unwarranted criticism, so considerable tinkering went on behind-the-scenes to meet these nearly impossible NCTV standards. The last handful of episodes cut out many rip-roaring, time-hopping adventures. This was mainly due to budget; however, those quick trips to multiple time-zones often involved landing in active battlefields or amidst violent skirmishes. It was those scenes that raised the violence count with the NCTV. The latter episodes focused on intimate, dramatic situations within just two time-zones. Even with threats of violence against the heroes, Bogg started using more brains than brawn. Jeffrey was kept away from harmful conditions as often as possible.
Voyagers! (1982) had managed to find a balance, but it was too late to avoid cancellation.
Bob Keeshan / Bring 'em back alive / Bully and Billy / Cleo and the Babe / FCC / Jon-Erik Hexum / National Coalition of TV Violence / NBC / NCTV / Tales of the Gold Monkey / The Trial of Phineas Bogg / TV Violence / Voyagers
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text:
Michael Doolittle
Death and football in1905
The NCAA was borne out of a profound crisis in football. At that time, football rules were very different from today. In the 1880s Yale's Walter Camp had been instrumental in creating rules. You could score a point with a safety, four points with a touchdown, two points from a goal after a touchdown (today's extra point) and five points from a goal from the field (modern day field goal). The games didn't include the forward pass and were a mix between the modern game, rugby, and soccer.
A picture from the 1903 Dartmouth-Brown game gives a sense of the early game.
The players are in what looks like a rugby scrum, the man with the ball in the middle of all the players from both teams who have lunged into each other and are trying to push the pile of humanity towards their opponents' goal line. Four players are wearing thin leather helmets, one appears to be wearing a ski cap and the rest have no protection aside from padded shoulders in their jerseys that look like 1980s shoulder pads in blazers. Tactics tended towards having as many men as possible bunch together in a sort of flying wedge, running at top speed to run over the opposition and clear a path for the ball carrier behind.
Brutality seemed to be part of the attraction.
In his book, Football: The Ivy League Origins of an American Obsession, Mark Bernstein paints a vivid picture of the brutal game. A New York Times reporter at the Princeton-Yale game in 1876 gives a sense. "The Yale men were not in a pleasant humor, and the Princeton men were not feeling particularly amiable. The ground was like a dish of butter and that contributed to the general tumblefication." Later, describing the tackle of Yale runner, the writer continues, "his blue stockings described sulphurous circles in the air and he plunged headlong into the mud, plowing a big furrow in it with his nose, while the Princeton men jumped as high as they could and came down on him with all the weight of their avoirdupois and theology."
Fans appear to have enjoyed the savage nature of the game as well. For the first time Yale Students joyfully sang the song "Undertaker" at the 1900 Harvard game.
Ohhhhhhhhhhhhhh,
More work for the undertaker,
Another little job for the casket maker,
In the local cemetery they are very very busy
On a brand new grave---
No hope for Harvard
But brutality caught up to the game in 1905. A review of contemporary newspaper accounts by Tom Benjey documents that at least 20 athletes were killed playing the game in 1905. Causes of death ranged from cerebral hemorrhaging, fractured spines, ruptured blood vessels, having a broken rib driven through the heart and internal injuries.
For a time, it appeared that the game would be banned. Indeed, NYU, Columbia and Union all terminated their football programs. President Teddy Roosevelt helped mediate a football reform process, which led to changes such as the forward pass and rules preventing the sorts of mass plays that had proved so dangerous. There is some debate about Roosevelt's motives, and whether the existence of football was threatened. A clue might be found in the last of his five-point reform agenda, where Roosevelt writes, "It would be a real misfortune to lose so manly and vigorous a game as football, and to avert such a possibility the college authorities in each college should see to it that the game in that college is clean."
This statement sums up the structure of the NCAA. The NCAA sets the overall rules, but it's up to the individual schools to enforce them. If violations are found, the NCAA will investigate and at times punish schools. The NCAA doesn't want to police the rules because the schools have voluntarily joined the NCAA and can leave. The NCAA's budge is primarily funded by the March Madness Men's and Women's National Basketball Tournament and the College Football Playoff National. If the NCAA is too heavy handed, then the elite teams that help bring in all of the money could leave the NCAA and explode the whole system.
How US football became so violent: Part 1
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College sports in America: A sports-educational complex
Money matters. It has become an integral part of the college sports landscape. The flood of money starts in the professional leagues, then cascades down to the college ranks, which in some important w


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text:
Лю́бка зеленоквітко́ва, любка зеленоцвіта, широт зеленоцвітий (Platanthera chlorantha) — багаторічна рослина родини зозулинцевих. Рідкісний вид, занесений до Червоної книги України у статусі «Неоцінений». Лікарська та декоративна культура.

Опис
Трав'яниста рослина заввишки 30-60 см. Бульби завдовжки 2-4 см, завширшки 0,8-1,5 см, парні, яйцеподібні або овальні, на протилежному від стебла кінці поступово витончуються і переходять у корінці. Стебло пряме, міцне, гранчасте. Два великих, еліптичних, із заокругленими кінцями листки розміщені при основі стебла, вище розташовані 2-3 піхви з невеликими листковими пластинками. Прикореневі листки завдовжки 10-20 см, завширшки 3-8 см. Приквітки ланцетні, загострені, ті, що розташовані при основі суцвіття, значно довші за зав'язь.

Суцвіття — довгий, циліндричний, негустий колос, що складається з 9-23 квіток; завдовжки 7-25 см, завширшки 3,5-4 см. Квітки великі, зеленкувато-білі, майже без запаху. Їх пиляки розміщені під кутом. Губа лінійно-ланцетна, тупа, 11-14 мм завдовжки і до 3 мм завширшки. Шпорець булавоподібно потовщений, горизонтальний або косо спрямований вниз. Зеленкуватий відтінок шпорця — характерна ознака, за якою цю рослину можна відрізнити від близького виду — любки дволистої. Плід — куляста коробочка. Насіння дрібне, пилоподібне.

Число хромосом 2n = 42.

Екологія
Рослина помірно вологолюбна, віддає перевагу вапняковим ґрунтам, нерідко зростає на опідзолених нейтральних або слабокислих. Найчастіше любку зеленоквіткову можна знайти в світлих листяних та хвойних лісах, в заростях чагарників, на лісових галявинах і вологих луках. В Карпатах вона поширена у дубових і букових лісах, в Криму — у соснових та пухнастодубових. Завдяки бульбам, в яких накопичується запас поживних речовин, любка зеленоквіткова здатна переносити короткочасну посуху.

Цвітіння відбувається раз на 2-3 роки і триває в Європі у травні-липні, в Китаї — у червні-серпні. Фенологічно цвітіння цього виду наступає на 2-3 тижні раніше, ніж любки дволистої. Квітки запилюються нічними метеликами, яких рослина приваблює ароматом, що посилюється вночі, а також специфічною формою квіток, яка нагадує метелика, що начебто вже сидить на суцвітті.

Плоди достигають у липні-вересні. Розмножується насінням, рідше — вегетативно (дочірніми бульбами). Оскільки дрібні насінини не містять ендосперму, зародок без запасу поживних речовин не може прорости самостійно. Для цього насінина має заразитися симбіотичним грибом, який утворює мікоризу. Надалі саме вона стає основною постачальницею поживних речовин для молодої рослини.

Відомі міжродові гібриди цього виду з псевдорхісом білуватим (Pseudanthera ×breadalbanensis McKean), зозульками Фукса (×Rhizanthera martysiensis Balayer), зозулинцем блідим (×Orchiplatanthera andreasii Kümpel), а також любка гібридна — міжвидовий гібрид між любкою дволистою і зеленоквітковою (Platanthera × hybrida Brügger, 1882).

Поширення
Ареал виду доволі широкий і охоплює помірні та субтропічні райони Європи, Малу Азію, Кавказ, Корейський півострів, Японію і Китай. В Північній Африці зафіксовані популяції в Марокко. В Україні поширена в Карпатах, Розточчі, Опіллі, Поліссі, Лісостепу, Гірському Криму, дуже рідко — у степових районах. Висотний діапазон становить 400-3300 м над рівнем моря.

Значення і статус виду
Любку дволисту занесено до Червоного списку Німеччини і Додатку II Ковенції про міжнародну торгівлю видами дикої фауни та флори, що перебувають під загрозою зникнення (CITES). В Україні цей вид охороняється у наступних заповідниках і національних парках: Канівському, Кримському, «Розточчя», «Медобори», Карпатському, «Синевир», Карадазькому, «Подільські Товтри», Яворівському, «Деснянсько-Старогутському», «Сколівські Бескиди».

Популяції цього виду вкрай нечисельні і зазвичай складаються з 2-3 особин. Природному відтворенню рослин заважають господарська діяльність, лісові пожежі, зміна біотопів.

Завдяки приємному запаху любку зеленоквіткову інколи культивують як декоративну рослину. В Україні її можна побачити в колекціях Нікітського ботанічного сада, Національного ботанічного сада ім. Миколи Гришка і ботанічного сада Національного лісотехнічного університету України.

Нарівні з любкою дволистою бульби цієї рослини збирають для того, щоб отримати лікувальну сировину салеп.

Цікавий факт
Зображення любки зеленоквіткової нанесено на французькі марки, випущені в 2003 та 2007 роках.

Синоніми

 Gymnadenia chlorantha (Custer) Ambrosi
 Habenaria chlorantha (Custer) Bab. 1836
 Habenaria montana (F.W.Schmidt) T.Durand & Schinz 1894
 Habenaria subulifera W.W.Sm.
 Orchis chlorantha Custer 1827 (Basónimo)
 Orchis montana F.W. Schmidt 1793
 Orchis virescens Zollik. ex Gaud. 1829
 Platanthera bifolia subsp. chlorantha Rouy
 Platanthera chlorantha var. angustata Zapal.

 Platanthera chlorantha f. bracteata Zapal.
 Platanthera chlorantha f. grandiflora (M.Schulze) Soó
 Platanthera chlorantha var. grandiflora M. Schulze 1907
 Platanthera chlorantha f. lancifolia (Rohlena) Soó
 Platanthera chlorantha var. montana (F.W.Schmidt) Nyman
 Platanthera montana (F.W. Schmidt) Rchb.f. 1851
 Platanthera montana var. gselliana H.Baumann, Künkele & R.Lorenz
 Platanthera sigmoidea Maek.
 Platanthera subulifera (W.W.Sm.) Schltr.

Див. також
 Список видів роду Любка

Література
 Richard Fitter, Alastair Fitter, Marjorie Blamey. The Wild Flowers of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins, London. 1st Edition, 1974.

Посилання

Джерела

зеленоквіткова
Рослини, занесені до Червоної книги України
Рослини, описані 1828
Флора України
Флора Азії
Лікарські рослини
Декоративні рослини
Рослини Нікітського ботанічного саду

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Why didn't Comet ISON melt in the Sun? How NASA and Official Science got it all wrong (again)
Pierre Lescaudron
Sat, 30 Nov 2013 07:07 UTC
© Damian Peach
Comet ISON on November 15th, 2013. The field of view is 2.5°, five times the width of the full moon.
This article builds on an excerpt from an upcoming book, to be published by Red Pill Press, which draws on the 'Electric Universe' concept, information theory, astronomy, paleogeology - and much more - to present an expanded cosmology linking so-called 'climate change' and 'Earth changes' with mankind's role in the greater cosmic environment.
Written by Pierre Lescaudron, editor and researcher for SOTT.net, in the following article he provides an explanation for the "weird" and "unexpected" behaviour of Comet ISON to date, particularly regarding its unexpected survival as it went around the Sun on November 28th, 2013.
Comets or Asteroids?
© Narwhall
Comet, asteroid, meteor and meteorite classification - according to mainstream science.
As depicted in the above illustration, and routinely argued by mainstream science, comets are "chunks of ice and rock", a.k.a. "dirty snowballs". This belief, however, is incompatible with the actual data. For instance, in 2011 Comet Lovejoy plunged into the Sun's atmosphere and emerged on the other side after an hour-long journey through the sun's corona. Its size and brightness didn't seem to have diminished.1 Here are some (pretty typical) comments from observers of this event:
This morning, an armada of spacecraft witnessed something that many experts thought impossible. Comet Lovejoy flew through the hot atmosphere of the sun and emerged intact. "It's absolutely astounding," says Karl Battams of the Naval Research Lab in Washington DC. "I did not think the comet's icy core was big enough to survive plunging through the several million degree solar corona for close to an hour, but Comet Lovejoy is still with us." 2
But if the temperature of the Sun's corona is several million degrees3, and if Comet Lovejoy is no more than a chunk of ice estimated to be just a few hundred meters in diameter,4 how was it possible that it wasn't vaporized?
© NASA/SDO
Comet Lovejoy re-emerging from behind the Sun on 15 December 2011.
In the same vein, in 2004 the NASA space probe Stardust flew about 300 km from Comet Wild 2 and shot detailed pictures of it.5 According to the textbooks, those pictures of the comet should have revealed a mass of "dirty snow". Here's what the Stardust program director said when the images came back:
"We thought Comet Wild 2 would be like a dirty, black, fluffy snowball," said Stardust Principal Investigator Dr. Donald Brownlee of the University of Washington, Seattle. "Instead, it was mind-boggling to see the diverse landscape in the first pictures from Stardust, including spires, pits and craters, which must be supported by a cohesive surface."6
© JPL/NASA
Comet Wild 2 looks like an asteroid. No ice, but a rocky surface scarred by craters.
So, comets are not "dirty snowballs" after all. From all available data, they are substantially chunks of rock, just like asteroids. In fact, it was acknowledged recently that the difference between 'comets' and 'asteroids' might not be so clear-cut, although efforts to fill in gaps include suggestions that asteroids are comets that retire to the asteroid belt as "extinct rocky comets", and from where they can be "reignited".7 The difference, in the end, is not so much due to chemical or structural composition, i.e. dirty, fluffy, icy comets vs. rocky asteroids. Rather, as has been long suggested by plasma theorists, what differentiates 'comets' from asteroids' is their electrical activity.
When the electric potential difference between an asteroid and the surrounding plasma is not too high, the asteroid exhibits a dark discharge mode8 or no discharge at all. But when the potential difference is high enough, the comet switches to a glowing discharge mode.9 At this point the asteroid is a comet. From this perspective, a comet is simply a glowing asteroid and an asteroid is a non-glowing comet. Thus the very same body can, successively, be a comet, then an asteroid, then a comet, etc., depending on variation in the ambient electric field it is subjected to.10
Note that a comet can also exhibit the third plasma discharge mode, namely lightning or 'arc mode discharge', which is probably what happened when Comet Shoemaker-Levy entered the vicinity of Jupiter in July 1994:
Astronomers expected the encounter to be a trivial event. "You won't see anything. The comet crash will probably amount to nothing more than a bunch of pebbles falling into an ocean 500 million miles from Earth." Then came the encounter and an about face. As reported by Sky & Telescope, "When Fragment 'A' hit the giant planet, it threw up a fireball so unexpectedly bright that it seemed to knock the world's astronomical community off its feet ..."
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) detected a flare-up of fragment "G" of Shoemaker-Levy long before impact at a distance of 2.3 million miles from Jupiter. For the electrical theorists, this flash would occur as the fragment crossed Jupiter's plasma sheath, or magnetosphere boundary.11
© Siding Spring telescope
"Impact" of fragment G of comet Shoemaker-Levy on Jupiter.
The last two categories in the above-mentioned classification are "meteors" and "meteorites". Meteors are simply asteroids or asteroid fragments that reach the Earth's atmosphere, and meteorites are the chunks of meteors that manage to reach the Earth's surface. So throughout its life, an asteroid can be a comet (when it is in glowing discharge mode), a meteor (when it enters the atmosphere) and finally a meteorite (if it reaches a planet's surface).
Now, Comet ISON is providing us with real time observations which, when compared to mainstream expectations of how they believe comets ought to behave, brilliantly revealed many inconsistencies:
1.) Expected brightness versus Observed brightness
ISON was supposed to be the "Comet of the Century" because of its predicted brightness. It was going to be even brighter than the full moon, according to some popular sources.12 However, ISON didn't reach such levels of brightness. The brightness of the full moon is magnitude -1313 and ISON during its journey towards the Sun exhibited a brightness between 1914, when it became observable by amateur telescopes, and -215 on November 28th, when it passed Delta Scorpii16.
Perhaps magnitude forecasts were overestimated because mainstream cosmology considers comets to be "dirty snowballs"? An understanding of the electrical nature of celestial bodies and their interactions tells us that the brightness of comets should be proportional to the electrical field they cross. One possible reason why ISON was dimmer than expected is related to weak solar activity, which reduces the heliospheric electric field, also known as the heliospheric current sheet.17 As you may have noticed, we're currently going through an unusually quiet solar maximum.18
2.) Expected outburst versus Observed outburst
En-route towards the Sun, ISON experienced several unexpected outbursts when its brightness suddenly increased dramatically. For example, between November 12th and November 14th, ISON's brightness jumped from magnitude 8 to 4. This means that in just 72 hours, Comet ISON increased nearly 16-fold in brightness.19, 20
© Juanjo Gonzalez
November 12th versus November 14th - Photographs of Comet ISON showed a sudden increase in brightness
NASA et al didn't predict these outbursts and has much difficulty explaining them, invoking various mindboggling factors such as water production21, jets of gas and steam22, and rotational spinning.23
If we take into account the electrical interaction of celestial bodies, ISON's outburst makes sense because a few days before this event, two class-X solar flares occurred: an X1.1 flare on November 8th and an X1.1 flare on November 10th. 24
Solar flares are massive discharges of solar particles which have an overall positive charge. When these powerful solar winds reached ISON a few days after their ejection, they subjected this negatively charged body (because it comes from the negatively charged end of the solar system) to a positively charged environment. This electric difference leads to:
a.) A massive discharge between the comet and its surrounding space, resulting in the comet glowing more intensely (such glow being the second plasma discharge mode)
b.) The comet's electric potential increasing, bringing it closer to the electric potential of the surrounding space. That's one of the two factors explaining ISON's survival to make the rendez-vous for a solar fly-by (see point 3 below).
© SOTT.net
The eccentric orbit of Comet Ison
Comet ISON's orbit, depicted above, is similar to that of most comets and follows a highly elliptical orbit.25 Usually aphelion (the furthest point it reaches from the Sun) lies beyond the region of the outer planets, while perihelion can be less than one astronomical unit (Sun-Earth distance).26 ISON's aphelion is unknown, although its very elongated orbit suggests a remote aphelion outside our solar system.
Because of their highly eccentric orbits, the trajectory followed by most comets is almost perpendicular to the Sun's electric field. This means that the surrounding electric potential is rapidly changing along the comet's journey across the solar system.27 This subjects the comet to increasing electric stress brought on by increasing electric potential difference between the comet and its surrounding space. This disbalance in electric potential triggers massive solar discharges and comet outbursts, as illustrated below.
© SOHO/NASA
Glowing comet ISON approaching the Sun during a massive electric discharge in the form of a 'coronal mass ejection' (CME)
By comparison, the non-electric comets we've come to know as 'asteroids' usually follow more circular orbital paths, characterized by lower electric potential variations (because they maintain roughly the same distance from the Sun throughout their orbits). This would explain why asteroids are not in glowing mode, as is the case with asteroids in stationary clouds, asteroids following a circular orbit around the Sun, and asteroids located in the belt between Mars and Jupiter.28
3.) Predicted perihelion events versus Observed perihelion events
Officially, perihelion is a dangerous time/location for a comet, especially for Comet ISON which is supposed to be a one-mile diameter "dirty snowball" passing less than 1 million miles away from the Sun's center, where temperatures reach about 2,700°C29, more than twice the temperature necessary to melt iron.30
Recalling Comet Lovejoy's 'mission impossible' when it passed through the Sun's millions°C corona without sustaining much damage, NASA scientists were more cautious this time and wondered if ISON might actually survive its epic solar fly-by.31
When ISON entered the solar vicinity and disappeared from observation for several minutes, commentators announced the death of ISON.32 Its death would have been a relief for them, confirmation of their "dirty snowball" theory.
But Thanksgiving 2013 had a surprise in store for them: after a period of unbearable suspense, ISON reappeared on the other side of the Sun!
ISON survived its fly-by around the Sun and appeared after a period of invisibility
The ISON fly-by revealed two interesting pieces of data:
a.) It didn't disintegrate.
b.) It became dimmer as it approached the Sun.33
These two points are totally contrary to the dirty snowball model. When an 'icy comet' gets closer to the Sun, it should become brighter (more evaporation, more gas jets) and it should eventually melt away. Neither happened, which makes sense in an electric universe.
As a matter of fact, during its solar fly-by a comet is subjected to a rather constant electric field. In the drawing below, we can see that ISON passed through different electric field lines (illustrated by the concentric circles +1, +2, ...) during its approach. As described previously, this electric potential difference between the comet and its surrounding space triggered solar flares, intense glowing and raised ISON's electric potential.
ISON's fly-by: electric fields and glowing intensity
When ISON entered the solar vicinity (demarcated by the +4 region in the drawing), its potential was already quite positive AND it entered a region of rather constant electric potential.
Unlike its crossing of the electric field lines34 +1, +2 and +3, which it crossed almost perpendicularly, by the time it reached the +4 field line, its trajectory was almost parallel to it, meaning that the surrounding electric potential was almost constant.
As a result, ISON 'had a breather' and was subjected to reduced electric stress. Less electric difference between the comet and the surrounding space therefore produced less discharge, less glowing, and less chance that the comet would disintegrate.
Karl Battams35, who had announced the death of Ison36, made the following statement after it re-emerged from behind the Sun:
Battams added that ISON has been a very unpredictable comet, flaring up when people expected it would fade, and vice versa.
"ISON is just weird. It has behaved unpredictably at times. When it's done something strange, we spent some time scratching our heads, figuring out what is going on, and when we think we know what it's doing ... it then goes and does something different."37
When observations keep providing data that are opposite to what the conventional model predicts, the logical conclusion is that the model is flawed! Of course, it could be that the scientific agenda here is not to find truth, but rather to maintain the dominant dogma, in which case one would naturally blame the observed phenomenon by calling it "weird", "strange", and "unpredictable".
If you go this NASA page, you'll see footage of Comet Lovejoy plunging into the Sun's atmosphere and, one hour later, re-emerging on the other side.
science.nasa.gov
The corona is the plasma atmosphere that surrounds the Sun. Its temperature is estimated between 1 and 5 million°C. See: Gerald North, Astronomy in Depth, p 125
www2.le.ac.uk
jpl.nasa.gov
See Chapter 5 in upcoming book: "Discharge modes".
An intense circulation of ions and electrons occurs between an asteroid and the surrounding space. The energy provided by this intense transfer "excites" electrons, which generate photons, hence the asteroid's glow. See: J. Meichsner, Nonthermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics, p.117
Thornhill W. & Talbott D., The Electric Universe, p. 95-99
thunderbolts.info
Peter Grego. "New comet might blaze brighter than the full Moon". Astronomy Now. 25 September 2012
The higher the magnitude, the lower the brightness. Typically the Sun's brightness is about -27, the full moon is about -13, the brightest modern comet, Ikeya-Seki (1965) was - 10, the brightness of Venus is -5. Objects with a magnitude up to 6.5 are visible to the naked eyes. Objects with a magnitude higher than 6.5 are not visible to the naked eye.
Michael Bakich, "Comet ISON will light up the sky". Astronomy. 25 September 2012
Karl Battams, "Very quick update". CIOC. 27 November 2013
Star located in the constellation Scorpius.
The magnitude scale is logarithmic. For example, increasing magnitude from -9 to -6 (+3) means doubling the brightness.
astronomia.udea.edu.co
brucegary.net
http://mysolaralerts.blogspot.fr/p/solar-flare-list.html
windows2universe.org
In the case of ISON, perihelion is about 1 million miles from the center of the Sun, i.e. 0.012 A.U. MPEC 2013-W16 : COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON). IAU Minor Planet Center. 26 November 2013. See: X1.1 flare on Nov. 8, X1.1 flare on Nov. 10
Also known as the 'main asteroid belt'. Its total mass is supposed to be 4% of our Moon. Krasinsky, G. A.; Pitjeva, E. V.; Vasilyev, M. V.; Yagudina, and E. I. (July 2002). "Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt". Icarus 158 (1): 98 - 105.
skyandtelescope.com
4,900° Farenheit. For reference, iron's melting point is 1,200° Celsius, i.e. 2,100° Farenheit. Source
universetoday.com
"You would expect it to get brighter and brighter but unfortunately it got dimmer and dimmer as it got close to the sun," said Dr Pesnell, project scientist with NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Source
An electric field line defines locations where the electric potential is the same. It's similar to the altitude lines on a geographic map where every point of the line is at the same altitude.
Naval Research Laboratory astrophysicist who operates the Sungrazing Comets Project and participated in a NASA 'Google+ Hangout' on ISON.
Pierre Lescaudron (M.Sc., MBA) pursued a career in executive management, consulting and post-graduate teaching in high tech fields.
He then became an editor and writer for SOTT.net, fulfilling his dream of researching science, technology and history.
Pierre is a certified Eiriu Eolas instructor and the author of "Earth Changes and the Human Cosmic Connection".
looking4 · 2013-11-29T18:57:18Z
Nice, nice. Thanks very much for an up-to-date article. I miss more of these. There is a continuous stream of original writings on SOTT about politics, society and Earth changes, quiet less about health but this was needed for the sake of balance on the cosmic side of things.
Easy to understand and enjoyable. And great news about the upcoming book!
Hilarious avatar, Pierre:)))
axel_dunor · 2013-12-01T06:49:13Z
I finally opted for a less hilarious avatar... or so I hope!
rbateman · 2013-11-29T18:57:42Z
Another ISON strange behavior
As ISON leaves the Sun, it's tail points away from the Solar Disk. As it get further, it's tail points to a location to the right of the Sun (In SOHO's LASCO C3 movie).
ISON's tail as it leaves the Sun points AWAY from a location to the right of the Sun in the latest SOHO LASCO C3 images. So the Solar Wind is not involved in this tail. Something else is.
Not the expected behavior.
Good point. The same happened with Lovejoy in 2011.
If there is not much electric interaction between ISON and its surrounding space the Sunward tail (active plasma region) might be absent while the tail mechanically left behind the comet trajectory might be the only visible feature.
Or it might be a Sunwards electron spike as described by McCanney.
nspire · 2013-11-29T20:34:36Z
ANSWER to question, Out ignorance …
The author asks "But if the temperature of the Sun's corona is several million degrees3, and if Comet Lovejoy is no more than a chunk of ice estimated to be just a few hundred meters in diameter,4 how was it possible that it wasn't vaporized?"
There is a huge difference between heat and temperature, and ALSO between our Earthly experience of heat and temperature, and that which occurs in outer space and while passing through the diffuse plasma of the sun's outer atmosphere. Anyone ever use a thermos bottle, where the vacuum in the shell, holds internal temperatures greatly isolated from external heat, or cold ?
FACT, and intervening vacuum dramatically slows down thermal conduction
FACT, space even close to the sun, is mostly a vacuum -- regardless of what temperature the few molecules inside of it, is at.
FACT, thermal conduction is a natural process where hot areas cool, and cool ones warm -- in relationship to larger spaces of different temperatures.
Heat is about ENERGY expended and transferred, while temperature is about a AVERAGE of an isolated area's molecular movement (e.g. heat ) and activity to interact with other matter. Higher temperatures lead to solids turning into liquids, and chemical reactivity increasing.
For example, having a SINGLE light shinning on one's desk will heat up the surrounding surfaces, let's say from room temperature ( when off ) to something a bit less than needed to ignite paper ( Fahrenheit 451, per book of same name ). Now, if we DOUBLE the incident HEAT, by using two desk lights -- this will not cause the paper on the desk to experience 902 degrees.
Doubling heat doesn't ( necessarily ) double temperature, and that's just how the universe is.
All of the above is from HS Physics -- so I can understand that some 99% ( or more ) of folks, have never heard of this, nor likely want to understand it -- but that hardly makes IGNORING the truth of it, some vast conspiracy and subterfuge of elite academics, dedicated to lying to the public about comets that whilst contained within a vacuum, were not immediately vaporized.
One can be totally justified in understanding, that ANY ( small number of ) particles of the Solar wind, having that extreme plasma temperature -- that when encountering any pieces of frozen ice -- would necessarily turn an equal amount of the comet into plasma.
The real question is, was that amount of Solar wind ( e.g. mass ) commensurate with the mass of the comet, or not ? Obviously the answer is that it was not even close … … … because the comet didn't disintegrate. But some parts of it did. That some scientists guessed wrong, that the possibly loose congregate composition of the comet didn't fracture, is an indication of the comet having been mostly frozen through. And, it's not like passing through the Earth's very dense atmosphere, and burning up from all of that friction
Even according to mainstream science (Spacelab) the corona is not a vacuum. Its density is about 2.0 × 10−17 g/cm3.
Source: [Link]
If space was a vacuum (which is not the case), heat transfer would still be possible through radiation.
Convection and conduction are the two only heat transfer mode that are not possible through a vacuum.
Divide By Zero · 2013-11-30T13:08:49Z
A lot of energy travels in a vaccuum! How else would the sun warm our planet and the rest of the planets?
I once asked a teacher in school about this, they told me about radiation, where energy is transferred through a vacuum, not convection (which doesn't happen in a vaccuum).
@axel_dunor -- Of course it's not a complete vacuum, but that's ~ 100,000 trillion times less mass than a ml of water ( in a cm^3), which is a pretty good vacuum on Earth, by most people's standards
@Divide By Zero -- Of course the Sun transfers most of it's energy through radiation, which I thought was too obvious to need to clarify ( as I did mention EM propagation, below ). You perhaps not maliciously, misquote me as having mentioned convection, which is an absurdity with respect to the Sun and a comet ( or the Earth ).
Both of you pick on insignificant issues, and evade the entitled issue of ignorance of why the Comet didn't disintegrate, that temperature is not the crucial determinant of whether a comet would be annihilated .
Of course a closer Sun-grazing orbit would result in both increased tidal forces to fragment the comet, and higher radiance flux and possible passing through Solar wind prominences ( with plasma at about 100-fold higher densities, than Corona [ see [Link]] )
canyonjammer · 2013-11-29T22:31:11Z
reader comment
personally, I have had a question regarding the so called "vacuum" of space...how is it possible for light to travel in a vacuum? I think the "ether" may hold a lot of surprises for us. This is a great article, and an easy to understand and comprehensive look at the electric universe.
"Empty" space ( google zero-point energy ) is intrinsically both invested with magnetic and electric properties, called the permeability and permittivity of free space, respectively.
The reciprocal of the square root of the product of these two constants, calculates exactly to the speed of light, and in the proper dimensional units.
Electromagnetic radiation entails the continual exchange and propagation ( e.g. Poynting vector ) of energy ping-ponging between an electric field in the capacitance of space, and then when that discharges and causes a current in the inductance (magnetic field ) of space, which then charges up the capacitance, etc …
See ( [Link]) :
"ϵ0 is a measure of the ratio between electric charge and the electric field of the charge at a unit distance or the ratio of enclosed charge to flux at a unit distance… and μ0 is a measure of the ratio between magnetic field and the enclosed current"
And see ( [Link]):
"An option for deriving c that does not directly depend on a measurement of the propagation of electromagnetic waves is to use the relation between c and the vacuum permittivity ε0 and vacuum permeability μ0 established by Maxwell's theory: c2 = 1/(ε0μ0). The vacuum permittivity may be determined by measuring the capacitance and dimensions of a capacitor, whereas the value of the vacuum permeability is fixed at exactly 4π×10−7 H⋅m−1 through the definition of the ampere. Rosa and Dorsey used this method in 1907 to find a value of 299,710±22 km/s"
Aeneas · 2013-11-30T02:25:43Z
Thanks Pierre, great article that explains a lot in terms, easy for layman to understand. Look forward to the book.
mmkkpro · 2013-11-30T06:56:22Z
Tesla said we live in an electric universe over a hundres years ago , a brilliant man he was ridiculed by edison and the party line , murdered pennyless , all research disappeared , he definatly scared someone very powerful with his ideas of free electricity hard to rip the population off with such an idea , if this civilization some how survives greed , corruption , and its propensity for war the truth will eventually come out allowing the masses of the earth out of the darkness perpetrated on them over the last 1000 years or so , it is written , either all knowledge will be shared by all men , or no knowledge will be known by any man , common sense tells you this is no ball of ice . The ancient sumarians wrote of fantastic things but its all myth according to the west , the same west who thought the world was flat , its aproven fact the ancients knew the solar system , knew the planets were round and thier position in the heavens , wonder why the vatican feels the need to hide all those ancient texts in their basement , burn books of the mayans , reminds me of someone who came to power in the 1930s , we all know knowledge is power , hence darkness for the masses , someday all men will drink from the spring of knowledge and be truly equal , or humanity will continue on this path of total destruction , never ceases to amaze me how history repeats itself . More and more people all over earth are awakening seeing things are not what they have been told going to get intresting , I choose to read any ancient information that seeps through the iron curtian , more believable to me than the selective knowledge doctored for mass consumption.
Goldie lox zone
If it does not get hotter the closer ya get to the sun , then that blows the goldis lox zone theory out of the water and mecury shold not be roasting as we are told , cant be both ways can it not trying to be smart just trying to understand the theory that being closer to the sun is not hotter.
dugdeep · 2013-11-30T07:29:17Z
Thanks for this, Pierre. You've taken some complex concepts and made them very understandable for the layman. Bravo! Looking forward to the book!
Nap · 2013-11-30T08:20:57Z
Well Done Pierre
Pierre, I enjoyed reading the article and it was convincing in respect to the electric universe. I especially liked your final comments regarding how the "experts" explain repeated observations which conflict with existing accepted theory. That sums up the situation we are in. Keep up the great work!
chachachick · 2013-11-30T08:50:28Z
Nice article, Pierre
Those goofy mainstream scientists just make things more complicated when they try to fit natural phenomenon into their incorrect models.
If you can't explain something simply so that your audience can understand it, you don't really understand it yourself.
Great job explaining the electric universe theory as it applies to ISON, Pierre.
redrock12 · 2013-11-30T08:54:13Z
Thanks Pierre..
for explaining the electric universe in layman's terms.
I still don't grok all of it, but enough of it, thanks to you, that it's now comprehensible.
This is another nail in the PTB's coffin.
Rgx · 2013-11-30T12:21:42Z
Missing Research??
I find it odd in that list of references that there was no mention of James McCanney and his pioneering research into the electric phenomenon of the universe and comets that align so well with all that was mentioned in this article. Why was it not included??
McCanney is quoted several times in the book, particularly in the beginning where the fundamentals of the Electric Universe and plasma cosmology are explained.
This being said McCanney is not the only one pulling this thread. Scott, Perrat, Thornhill, Talbott and to some extent Birkeland, Halfven and Langmuir have researched electric and plasma phenomena in space.
Eva · 2013-11-30T14:50:02Z
Brilliant article
I was under the impression that if it didn't melt it couldn't be a "dirty snowball" and that was as far as my simple understanding went.
Seeing the brightness and outburst events, and the reason why it didn't disintegrate, all in reference to electric potential and so plainly explained gave me a much better insight.
Looking forward to the book.
SeekinTruth · 2013-12-01T03:42:37Z
Thanks for this great article, Pierre. Looking forward to the book.
Oh, and by the way, there have been pictures and analysis of comets with "tails" (and very bright, prominent ones) pointing to the sun in the last several years. This also suggests electrical interaction / discharge phenomena, and not "ice, dust, gas, sublimating" as is usually claimed. And the plasma/electric universe scientists can actually recreate the observations on galactic scales in the lab, just scaled down, besides explaining/predicting with much more accuracy and consistency the behavior of celestial bodies. This is REAL science: observation, hypothesis/theory, experimentation (and confirmation or falsification). The current enforced paradigm/dogma is very, very doubtful.
Finch · 2013-12-02T04:48:39Z
All metallic rocks wih h20
In 2002 I took an astronomy class at university, and as I read more and more about the "differences" between these, I determined the only basic difference was size, and perhaps the metallic elements they were comprised of. I was especially interested because my son in law, a surveyor, found what he thought was a meteorite, and was told by a scientist that it wasn't heavy enough (apparently the rocks that manage to arrive intact on earth's surface are typically high in metal content, and VERY dense/heavy). Anyway, I was fortunate to have an open minded professor ... we talked about my confusion as to the nature of these, and at the end of the discussion, he admitted that the only real difference was the size of the rock. If its really big, its an asteroid; medium size and its a comet; smaller, and it is a meteoride. And as this author notes, when it comes through the atmosphere, a meteorite. The rocks in the asteroid belt are, by and large, more stable, whereas kuiper belt objects have large orbits, most often perpendicular to the ecliptic. But what really strikes me as ODD is that scientists still try to maintain that comets are snowballs, when we have several recurring comets (e.g. Haley's comet) which are known to visit time and time again ... so why would they assume they are so fragile/snowball like? Perhaps this false belief is associated with the idea that water exists only on earth ... a long disproven notion?? But then again, they are also still teaching a linear model of the planets orbiting the sun, instead of the (accurate) non-euclidian model that accounts for the sun's (and earth's) spiral dance around the center of the galaxy, and the galaxy's movement as well. Maybe if people understood that water is everywhere in the universe, that meteorites bring water and bacteria to earth, and that we are moving at approximately 800,000 miles per hour (combined rotational and orbital speeds) ... they would begin to understand that reality is not limited to what we can observe with our 5 senses?? And yet it is such academic dishonesty to fail to disclose such obvious truths and kudos to the author for attempting to expose the myth of giant orbiting snowballs
HashAttack · 2013-12-02T06:20:20Z
Official Science!
Snowballs placed next to the Sun do not melt
A couple of furniture fires can cause a steel bodied building to melt a pancake in on itself (WTC7)
Sorry but put me in the pile with the crazies, conspiracy theorist and general nutters!
Gaby · 2013-12-02T09:38:01Z
Thank you for this article Pierre! NOW I understand :D