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The Law Reviews
Business-focused legal analysis and insight in the most significant jurisdictions worldwide
The Aviation Law Review - Edition 6
Hanne Torkelsen
Advokatfirmaet SGB Storløkken AS
I INTRODUCTION
Because of Norway's long and rugged coastline and low population density (5.2 million inhabitants in an area of 385,252 square kilometres), and in some parts, in particular in the interior and the north, poor rail and road infrastructure, aviation is an important part of the infrastructure. Norway is the country in Europe with the most airline trips per capita, and it is dependent on air transport.2
Norway is not a member of the EU; however, it is part of the European Economic Area (EEA), in which the Agreement on the EEA provides for the free movement of persons, goods, services and capital within the European Single Market. The EEA was established in 1994 upon entry into force of the EEA Agreement. The aim of the EEA Agreement is to extend the provisions applied by the European Union in its internal market to the remaining countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The EEA parties are the 28 EU Member States, as well as three of the four member states of the EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway). Norway is part of the common EU aviation market, through the EEA Agreement.
As a matter of Norwegian law, an international treaty or convention does not have direct domestic effect. When signed and ratified by Norway, an international treaty or convention will only have domestic legal effect when transformed or incorporated into Norwegian law by statute (usually in the form of an act of parliament). As a consequence, the EEA Agreement has been incorporated and transformed into Norwegian law by way of act of parliament in the EEA law of 27 November 1992. The regulations and directives from the EU are either incorporated or transformed into Norwegian law, especially under the form of administrative regulations.
Norway is a party to many treaties and conventions in the aviation field, the most important being the Chicago Convention and the Montreal Convention.
The Norwegian government department responsible for civil aviation is the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC), which has overall responsibility for the framework conditions for, inter alia, civil aviation. The Civil Aviation Authority Norway (CAAN) is an administrative agency responsible for ensuring safe and efficient operation of civil aviation and developing regulations that govern all aspects of civil aviation in Norway. Avinor is a state-owned company that owns state airports and plans civil aviation infrastructure. It provides airport and aviation safety services for passengers and airlines and other users of civil aviation installations. In addition, there is an Accident Investigation Board Norway (AIBN), which is an administrative agency responsible for investigating accidents in the transport sector, including civil aviation. The AIBN shall not apportion any blame or liability under civil or criminal law.
As a rule, there is an unrestricted right to establish scheduled air service within the EEA, and Norwegian airports must give equal access to Norwegian and EEA/EU air carriers, or foreign carriers if warranted by multilateral or bilateral agreement between Norway and the foreign state in question. However, tender procedures are conducted on the assumption that no operator will choose to operate a flight route area without a tender contract and exclusive rights, typically route areas in the north.
Norway has been a member of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) since 2005.
Single European Sky entered into force for Norway in 2007.
Avinor operates 46 airports with scheduled service. Oslo Gardermoen (OSL) is the largest airport in Norway, with approximately 24.6 million passengers travelling from it each year. There is competition on most of the main routes. As in the rest of Europe, Norway has seen the emergence of low-cost carriers in Norway and Europe, co-existing with full-service carriers and charter airlines. The impact of low-cost carriers on fares of incumbent carriers is significant on the routes opened up to competition.
Norwegian aviation industry is dominated by four major players. One is Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), which is the largest company in Scandinavian aviation. Norwegian Air Shuttle started up as a low-cost company in 2002 and was listed on the stock exchange in 2003. The airline has shown a strong growth domestically and in Europe, and has established a company in Ireland and one company in the UK. Wiederøe is currently the largest regional company in the Nordic region, and tendered routes represent a significant part of its operations. Ryanair has flights from Sandefjord Airport Torp and Haugesund, and has run flights from OSL since 2016.
Slots are allocated on a neutral, transparent and non-discriminatory basis, as laid down in Council Regulation 95/93, and incorporated into Norwegian regulation.3
II LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LIABILITY
i International carriage
Norway is party to the Montreal Convention of 28 May 1999. The Convention was incorporated into Norwegian law by the Act of 16 January 2004, No. 4 Part I (the Aviation Act),4 and entered into force on 28 June 2004. The EU Regulation (EC) No. 2027/97 on air carrier liability in the event of accidents as amended by Council Regulation (EC) No. 889/2002 were simultaneously incorporated into Norwegian law by amending the Aviation Act, Section 10-17a and attached to the Aviation Act. Norway is also a party to the Warsaw Convention of 12 October 1929, which was incorporated by the Act of 12 June 1936; see Section 19-3 in the Aviation Act regarding the Warsaw Convention. Norway has also ratified additional protocols to amend the Warsaw Convention, including the Hague Protocol of 28 September 1955, which is the only protocol incorporated into Norwegian law.5
ii Internal and other non-convention carriage
Non-convention carriage is governed by the Aviation Act, and the incorporated conventions and EU Regulation also apply to internal aviation.
iii General aviation regulation
The main act dealing with both civil and military aviation in Norway is the Aviation Act.
The EEA Agreement applies to the territory of Norway, and Norway's position is that it does not apply to the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf or the high seas. Thus, it is Norway's position that helicopter operations offshore on the Norwegian continental shelf fall outside the scope of the EEA Agreement. One important consequence is that helicopter operators operating offshore must be located and certified in Norway. The Aviation Act also applies to offshore aviation activity on the Norwegian continental shelf.
Norway may in certain situations choose to incorporate legal acts whose scope encompasses the exclusive economic zone, or the continental shelf into the EEA Agreement, on the condition that the incorporation does not change the principle that the EEA Agreement has a geographical limitation.
An airline domiciled in an EU or EEA country can operate routes within the EU or EEA area without being dependent on a special public permit. This also applies to Norwegian airlines. The EEA Agreement, however, does not apply to third-country relationships. The aviation agreements that the EU has entered into with third countries, therefore, do not apply to Norwegian airlines. The Scandinavian-based airline SAS nevertheless benefits greatly from the EU agreements with third countries, as SAS can also operate as a Swedish or Danish company. A Norwegian airline can establish itself (directly or via a subsidiary) in any EU or EEA country, and it can then fly according to the aviation agreements this county has acceded to.
iv Passenger rights
EU Regulation 261/2004 (on denied boarding, cancellation or long delay) is transformed into Norwegian law by Regulation 17.2.2005, No. 141.
Treatment of passenger claims is based on EU Regulation 261/2004, which is transformed into Norwegian law; see Aviation Act Section 10-44 and Section VIII.
v Other legislation
Air carriers are subject to a number of general rules and regulations governing Norwegian undertakings.
The Norwegian Pollution Act applies also to air carriers, under which undertakings may be fined for violations of the Act.
The Norwegian Working Environment Act also essentially applies to civil aviation. For flight crews, the Norwegian Civil Aviation Authority is responsible for supervision pursuant to public law. The Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority is responsible for the supervision of all other personnel. The Working Environment Act applies to Norwegian territory.
Regarding competition rules, see Section VI.
III LICENSING OF OPERATIONS
i Licensed activities
Commercial activity and regular traffic (scheduled flights) within Norwegian territory, requires concession (operating licence) and an air operator certificate (AOC), compliance with environmental requirements, approved operational procedures and an approved aircraft at its disposal.
Aviation operated by authority of an Air Transport Services Agreement requires approval from the Ministry, as stipulated in Section 8-1 of the Aviation Act. However, commercial aviation within the EEA only requires a licence in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008. Hence, airlines with a licence from an EU or EEA Member State have free access to the domestic network. This does not apply to helicopter activity on the continental shelf, where a Norwegian licence is required to operate on the Norwegian part of the shelf.
Flight training, display flying, competition flying and other aviation activities of a non-commercial nature need authorisation from the Ministry. On 25 August 2016, Regulation (EC) No. 965/2012, Annex VI for non-commercial aviation operations with complex motor-powered aircraft was implemented into Norwegian law by Regulation BSL D 1-1.
The CAAN is the licensing authority in Norway.
ii Ownership rules
Aviation within Norwegian territory may only be undertaken using aircraft that have either Norwegian nationality, or nationality of an EU or EEA Member State, in accordance with the nationality requirements laid down in Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008, or nationality in a foreign state that has signed an agreement with Norway regarding aviation rights, or special authorisation granted by the civil aviation authority.
The nationality conditions for entities not covered by the EEA Agreement are regarded as Norwegian if the entities are:
the Norwegian central government and systems that are controlled by the central government;
Norwegian local authorities;
Norwegian citizens;
foundations with a 100 per cent Norwegian board, headquartered in Norway;
associations and similar groups with a 100 per cent Norwegian board, headquartered in Norway, at least two-thirds of whose members are Norwegian citizens or have equivalent status under this section;
private limited liability companies or public limited liability companies with a 100 per cent Norwegian board, headquartered in Norway, in which Norwegian citizens or the equivalent under this section own shares representing at least two-thirds of the share capital and are entitled to exercise at least two-thirds of all votes at the general assemblies of the company; or
other companies that consist exclusively of Norwegian citizens or the equivalent under Section 3-2 of the Aviation Act.
iii Foreign carriers
When flying within Norwegian territory, foreign aircraft must have either a certificate of airworthiness and a certificate of compliance with environmental requirements as mentioned in the Aviation Act, Section 4-4, or similar certificates that have been issued or approved by a foreign state that has entered into agreements with Norway regarding recognition of these certificates in Norway.
IV SAFETY
Safety and security are mainly dealt with at EU level through various regulations established by EASA, which are transformed or incorporated into Norwegian regulations by the CAAN.
Carriers must at all times be airworthy. An aircraft cannot be considered airworthy unless it satisfies all safety requirements, and complies with environmental requirements as laid down by the ministry regarding noise abatement, air pollution, etc. The CAAN performs inspections of aircraft. A certificate of airworthiness is issued by the CAAN, or as equivalent and recognised certificate from another EU or EEA Member State, or from a state where bilateral agreements has been entered into.
The EFTA Surveillance Authorities (ESA) monitors the EEA legislation, and cooperates with the EU transport agencies. The ESA can impose fines and periodic penalty payments on companies in the EEA and EFTA States for breaches of provisions of EASA rules upon request of the EASA.
The Norwegian Aviation Act, Chapter XII, regarding notification, reporting and investigation was amended on 1 July 2016, implementing Regulation (EU) No. 376/2014 into Norwegian law by Regulation of 1 July 2016, No. 868.
Regulation (EC) No. 2015/1018 on the reporting, analysis and follow-up of occurrences is implemented in Norwegian law by Regulation BSL A 1-3.
Reports about accidents and serious incidents shall be sent to the CAAN and AIBN. Other occurrence reports (i.e., incidents that are not serious) must be sent to the CAAN only.
Joint European rules have been established for the working-hour rules for flight crews, which also apply in Norway.
V INSURANCE
All aircraft being used for aviation activities pursuant to the Aviation Act shall have valid, approved insurance or other security to cover liability, as mentioned in the Aviation Act, and insurance in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 785/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on insurance requirements for air carriers and aircraft operators.
The specific requirements regarding the insurance coverage are provided in Regulation No. 785/2004, under which air carriers are obligated to establish and maintain insurance in respect of liability for passengers, baggage and cargo, and third parties. The minimum requirement for liability towards passengers, which is 250,000 special drawing rights (SDR) per passenger, is the same, regardless of whether the flight is non-commercial or commercial.
If the mandatory minimum insurance provision is not complied with, the aircraft's certificate of airworthiness will be invalid (see Section 4-5 of the Aviation Act).
VI COMPETITION
The Norwegian Competition Act, which is partly harmonised with EU competition rules, includes prohibition against cartels and abuse of dominance. The EEA Competition Act of 2004 establishes competence for the Competition Authority to apply Articles 53 and 54 of the EEA Agreement, which correspond to Articles 101 and 102 TFEU and Articles 53 and 54 of the EEA Agreement.6
i Section 10
Section 10 of the Norwegian Competition Act prohibits agreements between competitors, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices that have as their object or effect to prevent, restrict or distort competition (e.g., price and bid fixing, market sharing, retail price maintenance). The prohibition applies to both horizontal and vertical relations (e.g., non-compete clauses, exclusivity agreements).
Section 10(2) provides that agreements (or clauses that infringe the prohibition in Section 10(1)) are wholly or partially void. This means that a court will not be able to order the parties to fulfil their contractual obligations if the provisions in question infringe Section 10. Moreover, fines up to 10 per cent of the company's turnover may be imposed for the infringements of the Competition Act. An agreement that falls within Section 10(1) of the Competition Act is not necessarily automatically void. If the restrictive agreement produces sufficient net benefits (effectiveness), the agreement may be exempted under Section 10(3) of the Act.
ii Section 11 of the Competition Act
Section 11 of the Norwegian Competition Act corresponds to Section 102 TFEU and Article 54 of the EEA Agreement. As under the EU rules, the undertaking in question must (1) have a dominant position, and (2) in some way have abused its market position to the detriment of competition.
EU case law and the Commission's Guidance on the Commission's enforcement priorities (Article 82) play important roles in the interpretation of the Norwegian provisions.
iii Sanctions and leniency
An undertaking that has breached the Competition Act may be sanctioned either by administrative penalties (up to 10 per cent of the company's turnover), or by penalties or imprisonment.
Leniency may be granted to undertakings that assist the Competition Authority by revealing that it or others have infringed the prohibition of anticompetitive agreements in Section 10 of the Competition Act. To be granted full leniency, a company must be the first company involved in the infringement to, on its own initiative, provide the Competition Authority with evidence, cooperate with the Competition Authority during the entire process and cease any further involvement in the infringement or any other actions related to the case.
iv State aid
The development of the aviation sector is the responsibility of public authorities. At the same time, granting subsidies and compensation underlies the strict state aid regulations. The state aid rules in the EEA Agreement are broadly equivalent to the state aid rules in the EC Treaty. The ESA monitors the EEA legislation, and cooperates with the EU transport agencies, also in the aviation sector.
The EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) has adopted Aviation Guidelines for state aid to airports and airlines, corresponding to similar guidelines adopted by the European Commission.
Hence, the EU state aid rules apply to airports, which have to behave as 'commercial undertakings' and are not allowed to favour certain carriers.
v Procurement of air services (public service obligation routes)
As a rule, there is an unrestricted right to establish scheduled air services within the EEA. However, public procurement of air services is conducted on the assumption that no operator will choose to operate a flight route area without a tender contract and exclusive rights. The contracting authority is the Ministry of Transport and Communication (MTC). Tender procedures for scheduled routes that are considered public service obligations (PSO) are announced according to the rules of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008.7 The successful tenderer is awarded exclusive rights to operate the flight route areas covered by the tender procedure. At present, Widerøe is the dominant actor with regard to the PSO routes. This is owing to the requirements for the type of aircraft, type of navigational equipment, etc. According to Institute of Transport Economics (TØI) report 1116/2010, satisfactory competition for the PSO routes has not been established. In order to remedy this, the Institute of Transport Economics has proposed changes to the airport structure, and suggested using smaller aircraft to avoid the requirement for a specific navigational system, etc. In the current route tenders, loyalty programmes are banned.
VII WRONGFUL DEATH
See Section VIII concerning compensation for loss of financial support for dependants (a dependant is typically a child or in some circumstances a spouse) and for reasonable funeral costs.
Further compensation might be granted if the wrongful death was caused intentionally or as a result of gross negligence.
VIII ESTABLISHING LIABILITY AND SETTLEMENT
i Procedure
Passengers may bring their complaint against air carriers to a travel complaint handling body, according to Regulation 20 January 2012, No. 84 (the APCB Regulation) if a complaint to the service provider (airline) is not successful. The time limit for filing a complaint with the body is in all cases four weeks from the date on which the passenger received a definitive response from the airline. The decision of the travel complaint handling body is not legally binding. Internal flights and flights to and from Norway are covered by the travel complaint handling body. The establishment and operation of the body is financed through fees paid by the airlines and airport operator (Chapter 8 of the APCB Regulation).
The APCB Regulation contains provisions on how the body is organised, its secretariat and the board, and procedural regulations. Pursuant to Section 5-1 (2) and (3), the body will not consider complaints where the passenger has not first filed a complaint with the airline and the airline has rejected or refused the passenger's complaint, or where the airline has not made any reply or response to the complaint within four weeks. Should the airline not have a publicly known address or if they have not made arrangements for the passengers' possibility to file a complaint, these provisions will not apply. The time limit for filing a complaint with the body is in all cases four weeks from the date on which the passenger received a definitive response from the airline (Section 5-2).
Claims for damages are settled through the Norwegian courts, in the first instance, the district courts. However, as long as a case is pending before the travel complaint handling body, the case cannot be brought before the court.
Claims are generally brought against the carrier. Pilots and crew members are rarely joined in the proceedings and will, as a general rule, not be found liable if the injured person has also claimed compensation from the owner or carrier.
ii Carriers' liability towards passengers and third parties
The Aviation Act, Section 10-17 provides that the carrier is liable for injury or death caused to passengers while on board the aircraft, including embarking and disembarking. The carrier's liability includes liability for loss of provider. Pursuant to Section 10-17(a), Regulation No. 889/2002 amending Council Regulation (EC) No. 2027/97 on air carrier liability in the event of accidents applies as law.
Section 10-18 of the Aviation Act provides for liability for luggage, in the case of destruction or complete or partial loss of checked-in luggage, provided that the occurrence that caused the damage took place on board the aircraft or in the course of the passenger's embarking or disembarking from the aircraft, or while the luggage was in charge of the carrier. Exception is made to the extent that the damage was caused by the inherent nature of the goods or by deficiencies in the goods. The carrier is only liable for hand luggage in the case of negligence on its part.
The Aviation Act, Section 10-22a provides that in the event of injury or death of a passenger caused by an aircraft accident, an advance payment shall be made as soon as possible, and no later than 15 days after the identification of the passenger is established, to the natural person entitled to compensation, to cover their immediate economic needs on a basis proportional to the suffered damage. In case of death of the passenger, an advance payment of no less than 16,000 SDR per passenger shall be paid.
Under Section 10-20, the carrier is liable for loss resulting from delay in the transport by air of passengers, luggage or goods, unless he or she proves that he or she personally, and his or her agents, took all precautions that can reasonably be expected to avoid such loss, or that it was not possible for them to take such precautions.
The Regulation of 6 January 2011, No. 9, regarding the Carrier Liability Regulation contains provisions on the limits for the carrier's liability pursuant to the Aviation Act 1993, Section 10-22.
Under Section 10-22, the carrier liability is limited to 113,100 SDR in the case that the damage was not caused by wrongdoing of the part of the carrier, his or her employees or others for whom he or she is responsible for, or if the damage was exclusively caused by wrongdoing of a third party.
Carrier liability for loss incurred as a result of delay in the carriage of passengers shall be limited to 4,694 SDR per passenger.
Carrier liability for loss incurred in connection with the transport of luggage and as a result of luggage being delayed, damaged or completely or partly lost shall be limited to 1,131 SDR per passenger.
Carrier liability for loss incurred in connection with the transport of goods and as a result of goods being delayed, damaged or completely or partly lost shall be limited to 19 SDR per kilogram.
Strict liability for damage to third parties is laid down in Section 11-1 of the Aviation Act. The owner or lessee (pursuant to a lease agreement approved by the CAAN) of an aircraft is invariable liable for damage or losses that are suffered outside the aircraft as a result of the aircraft being used for aviation.
iii Product liability
Several laws, including non-statutory law, govern Norwegian product liability and apply to all businesses producing or selling a product. According to these laws, Norwegian businesses are responsible for ensuring that their products are safe and do not pose a hazard to consumers. Moreover, businesses may be held liable for any damage or harm caused by their products.
Under Norwegian law, product liability claims typically fall into three categories: negligence, strict liability and contractual. Negligence claims against manufacturers are based on customary norms derived from court rulings and legal theory.
The EU Product Liability Directive 85/374 is incorporated into the Norwegian Product Liability Act, in order to harmonise the Norwegian law with EU legislation.
Strict liability under the Product Liability Act focuses on the product and the damage it causes, rather than the negligent behaviour of the manufacturer.
Section 1-1 of the Norwegian Product Liability Act applies to the liability of a producer for damage caused by a product made or supplied for sale as part of its profession, business or equivalent activity.
Based on Section 1-2 of the Product Liability Act and also Article 2 of the EU Product Liability Directive, the term 'products' includes goods and movables, whether a natural product or industrial product, raw material or finished product, part product or main product, as well as products incorporated into other movables or real property.
Section 1-3 of the Product Liability Act includes not only the manufacturer in its definition of 'producer', but also the person importing a product for sale or distribution in the course of its business. Therefore, the term producer in the Product Liability Act encompasses manufacturers, importers, suppliers and sellers, among others, ensuring that nearly everyone in the chain of distribution may be held responsible.
Damages recoverable under the Product Liability Act include personal injury claims relating to bodily injuries and mental harm. Damage to property is also recoverable, provided that the property is meant for private use or consumption and was used by the claimant mainly for private purposes or consumption.
Additionally, Section 3-5 of the Product Liability Act provides compensation for pain and suffering (non-material damages) if the damage is caused intentionally or is the result of gross negligence.
iv Compensation
The basic principle under Norwegian law is that the injured person should be placed in the same financial position he or she would have been in had the accident not happened. Under the Norwegian Act on Compensatory Damages,8 an injured person may claim compensation for loss of earnings, compensation for expenditures (such as medical care and related expenses), compensation for loss of ability to work, and compensation for permanent injury. Damages for non-economic loss requires that the damage was caused intentionally by a wilful act or as a result of gross negligence.
Loss of earning is calculated as the actual loss of earning from the time of the accident until the injured person returns to work.
If the injured person has suffered permanent injury, this will be converted to a percentage rate representing the degree of injury suffered, according to a separate disablement table, and the person will be entitled to compensation.
If a passenger is killed in an accident, the relatives or persons who were dependent upon the deceased may claim compensation for loss of provider, and direct expenses, including, inter alia, funeral expenses.
In cases of damage to goods, it is the actual loss suffered that should be compensated.
Deduction is made for costs covered by social security, such as hospital costs and health services from the national insurance scheme, sickness benefit, disability pension and damage covered by insurance paid by the injured. The state cannot recover any cost from third parties in relation to support paid under social security.
Punitive damages are not recognised under Norwegian law.
IX VOLUNTARY REPORTING
An electronic reporting form called NF-2007 can be accessed through the state portal (www.altinn.no). This makes it easy for foreign operators and individuals to sign up and report any occurrence that could compromise the safety of aviation, which is part of the mandatory reporting system in line with Regulation (EU) No. 376/2014. In addition, there is a voluntary reporting template online available to members of the general public who wish to report an unsafe event experienced on a commercial airline or on a business flight to the CAAN. The reports filed are subject to confidentiality. Reported occurrences will be made anonymous and filed in the Norwegian national database, where they will be included in different statistics and summaries used to improve aviation safety.
X THE YEAR IN REVIEW
Regional airline Fly Viking Air, a newcomer in the Norwegian market in 2017, had to close in 2018 following a series of technical and other problems. A new limited company has been created to maintain the Ørland-Oslo route.
i Competition
In June 2014, the ESA conducted an unannounced inspection at the premises of the airline company Widerøe's Flyveselskap AS (Widerøe).
In June 2016, the ESA opened formal antitrust proceedings against Widerøe to investigate whether the company may have infringed the EEA competition rules. It stated in a fact sheet:
Widerøe is an airline that operates on public service obligation routes (PSO routes) in Norway. The routes are publicly financed to ensure adequate transportation in Norwegian regions. For safety reasons, a satellite-based approach system (called SCAT-1) is installed at several regional airports on the PSO routes. It was previously required that aircraft have SCAT-1 receivers installed on board to operate the PSO routes at airports with this system in place. As Widerøe owns all of the available on-board receivers, the company appears to be the only airline that could win public tenders for PSO routes affected by that requirement during the period under investigation.
In a statement to Widerøe dated 3 May 2018, the ESA took the preliminary view that it had abused a dominant position in breach of Article 54 of the EEA Agreement by refusing to supply SCAT-1 receivers to possible competitors. A final decision will be taken after Widerøe has made its comment, which it must do by 3 July 2018. If the ESA's preliminary conclusions are confirmed, it may adopt a decision requiring Widerøe to cease the conduct identified as restrictive of competition and may also impose a fine.
ii Labour law
The airline Norwegian won an important labour case in an appeals court in January 2018. The conflict arose as a result of a major reorganisation of the airline's structure in 2013–2017, with Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA (NAS) as a parent company and two subsidiaries (CSN and PSN) owned by NAR (an Irish subsidiary of the Norwegian parent) as employers that also delivered staffing services to the parent company. An important part of the reorganisation and strategic plan is to ensure interoperability, including that the crew should be able to fly on all of Norwegian group's AOCs. The cabin crew and the pilots wanted NAS, and the holder of the AOCs, as their employer, and the court of first instance sided with their claim, and ruled that NAS is the legitimate employer, and that Norwegian was engaged in illegal hiring practices. However, the appeals court found that NAS was not their employer, and thus was not involved in illegal hiring practices. The appeals court concluded that the AOC could outsource activities such as crew services, including pilots, despite these personnel categories being considered safety critical, with reference to Regulation (EU) No. 965/2012 regarding air operations, which is incorporated into Norwegian law. The fact that the CAAN also agreed that the crew management should be handled by NAR and not by the holder of the AOCs, was also emphasised by the appeals court. The employees have filed an appeal to the Norwegian Supreme Court, and the judgment at the time of writing is not final.
XI OUTLOOK
Norwegian aviation has seen strong domestic and international growth for decades. There are now signs of domestic traffic growth flattening out, but continued growth is expected for international traffic.
The use of drones in Norway is increasing at a significant pace. According to information from the CAAN, the number of operators of drones for commercial use rose from 200 in 2015 to 4,000 in 2018. The government is working actively with the European Union to develop common rules regarding use of drones, and new regulation is expected to arrive this year or in 2019. In 2018 the MTC launched its first strategy concerning drones, which predicts that Norway will be a pioneer country in the use of drones, owing to the combination of plentiful airspace, well-developed infrastructure and high availability of technical expertise in this field. The CAAN is also working to enable drones to be used in private and public services, such as inspection of infrastructure and search-and-rescue operations, as well as delivery of pacels, drone taxi, etc.
1 Hanne S Torkelsen is an attorney-at-law and partner at Advokatfirmaet SGB Storløkken AS.
2 https://avinor.no/globalassets/_konsern/miljo-lokal/miljo-og-samfunn/sustainability-and-social-benefit.-summary.pdf.
3 Cf. Norwegian Regulation of 15 July 1994, No. 691 regarding incorporation and enforcement of the EEA agreement in aviation.
4 The Aviation Act of 11 June 1993, No. 101.
5 See Aviation Act of 11 June 1993, No. 101 Section 10-40 defining the Montreal Convention and Warsaw Convention.
6 Equivalent to the TFEU Articles 101 and 102.
7 Rules of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 2008 on common rules for the operation of air services in the Community, cf. Annex 7.
8 Skadeserstatningsloven, 13 June 1969 No. 26.
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Executive remuneration encompasses a diverse range of practices and is consequently influenced by many different areas of the law, including tax, employment, securities and other aspects of corporate law. We have structured this book with the intention of providing readers with an overview of these areas of law as they relate to the field of executive remuneration. We hope that readers find the following discussion of the various tax, statutory, regulatory and supervisory rules and authorities instructive.
The Real Estate M&A and Private Equity Review Edition 3
Editors Adam O Emmerich and Robin Panovka
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz
This publication is a multinational guide for understanding and navigating the increasingly complex and dynamic world of liquid real estate and the transactions that mostly produce it. The sea change in the markets, sometimes called the 'REIT Revolution', has meant that major real estate transactions have migrated from 'Main Street' to 'Wall Street'. They now often take the form of mergers, acquisitions, takeovers, spin-offs and other corporate transactions conducted in the public markets for both equity and debt.
The Real Estate Law Review Edition 8
Editor John Nevin
Slaughter and May
Real estate is increasingly viewed on a global basis and readers can only benefit from a general understanding of how individual jurisdictions operate within the global real estate market. This edition extends to 31 jurisdictions and each chapter provides an invaluable insight into key legal issues and market trends in the author's jurisdiction and, together, they offer an up-to-date synopsis of the global real estate market. The Review seeks to identify distinctions in practice between the different jurisdictions by highlighting particular local issues.
The Public-Private Partnership Law Review Edition 5
Editors Bruno Werneck and Mário Saadi
Mattos Filho, Veiga Filho, Marrey Jr E Quiroga Advogados
We are very pleased to present the fifth edition of The Public-Private Partnership Law Review. Notwithstanding the number of chapters in various publications in The Law Reviews series on topics involving public-private partnerships (PPPs) and private finance initiatives (in areas such as projects and construction, real estate, mergers, transfers of concessionaires' corporate control, special purpose vehicles and government procurement), we identified the need for a deeper understanding of the specific issues related to this topic in different countries.
The Technology, Media and Telecommunications Review Edition 9
Editor John P Janka
This fully updated ninth edition of The Technology, Media and Telecommunications Review provides an overview of evolving legal constructs in 26 jurisdictions around the world. It is intended as a business-focused framework for both start-ups and established companies, as well as an overview for those interested in examining evolving law and policy in the rapidly changing TMT sector.
The Employment Law Review Edition 10
Editor Erika C Collins
For the past nine years, we have surveyed milestones and significant events in the international employment law space to update and publish The Employment Law Review. This tenth edition is proof of the continuously growing importance of international employment law. As the various editions of this book have highlighted, changes to the laws of many jurisdictions over the past several years emphasise why we continue to consolidate and review this text to provide readers with an up-to-date reference guide.
The Product Regulation and Liability Review Edition 6
Editors Chilton Davis Varner and Madison Kitchens
King & Spalding LLP
This edition covers 16 countries and territories and includes a high-level overview of each jurisdiction's product liability framework, recent changes and developments, and a look forward at expected trends. Whether the reader is a company executive or a private practitioner, we hope that this edition will prove useful in navigating the complex world of product liability and alerting you to important developments that may affect your business.
The Mining Law Review Edition 7
Editor Erik Richer La Flèche
Stikeman Elliott LLP
Much of the mining sector continues to emerge from a lengthy down-cycle. The world economy continues to expand, albeit at a deliberate pace. This book gathers the views of leading mining practitioners from around the world. The first part of the book is divided into 18 chapters, each dealing with mining in a particular jurisdiction. These countries were selected because of the importance of mining to their economies and to ensure a broad geographical representation. Mining is global but the business of financing mining exploration, development and – to a lesser extent – production is concentrated in a few countries, Canada and the United Kingdom being dominant. As a result, the second part of the book has five chapters that focus on financing.
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text:
Q: loop through classes after successful AJAX call within a sortable I have a sortable call which allows me to change the order of songs I have listed by dragging them which is the working part. What I want to do is try and get a number in front of each title so that the user knows which is the first song and so on by using a label like 1.
I am putting the code within the success callback from AJAX which basically just updated the query and changes the order in the DB which also works fine.
What I cant get to work is the loop .each within the success callback in AJAX. It does not seem to want to fire or even find the classes .song-orders
I have shown what it looks like before and what I want it to look like after.
JQUERY
$('.draggablePanelList').sortable({
    update: function(event, ui) {
        var wafilesid = $(this).find('.wafilesid').attr('id');
        var grouptype = [];
        $(this).find('.sortableid').each(function() {
            grouptype.push($(this).attr('id'));
        });
        $.ajax({
            type: "POST",
            url: "../includes/updatesetlists.php?",
            data:({grouptype: grouptype, wafilesid: wafilesid}),
            success: function(data) {
                count = 1;
                $(this).find('.song-orders').each(function() {
                    $(this).('.song-orders').prepend(count+'. ');
                    count++;
                });
            }
        });
    }
});

HTML BEFORE

Title Of Song 1

Title Of Song 2

Title Of Song 3

Title Of Song 4

Title Of Song 5

HTML AFTER

1. Title Of Song 1

2. Title Of Song 2

3. Title Of Song 3

4. Title Of Song 4

5. Title Of Song 5

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


FEDERAL WAY, Wash., Oct. 15 -- Weyerhaeuser Company today announced that Ernesta Ballard, 58, has been named senior vice president -- Corporate Affairs effective Oct. 25. Ballard will report directly to Steven R. Rogel, chairman, president and chief executive officer and be a member of the company's senior management team. In her new role, Ballard will lead the functions of corporate communications, corporate philanthropy, government affairs and environment, health and safety. "As a company whose license to operate depends upon the will of the public, the leader of our Corporate Affairs function is critical to our success," Rogel said. "Ernesta has a deep understanding of environmental issues, regulatory processes and the role of communications that makes her an ideal person to lead this important function. Her broad and varied management experience, combined with her reputation as an implementer, makes Ernesta a strong addition to our senior management team." Ballard currently serves in the cabinet of the governor of the State of Alaska as commissioner, Department of Environmental Conservation, a position she has held since 2002. Prior to joining the governor's cabinet, Ballard had a consulting practice specializing in regulatory strategy with an emphasis on integrated management systems for protection of the environment, health and safety. Ballard was appointed in 1997 by President Clinton to serve on the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service where she chaired the Audit Committee. From 1983-86, Ballard was the regional administrator of Region 10 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ballard served for many years on the boards of the University of Washington Medical Center and the Ketchikan General Hospital. She was a founding member and currently serves as chairman of LifeCenter Northwest, the organ procurement organization for Washington, Montana and Alaska. She is a past board member and officer of the Alaska Forest Association and a founding member of the Ketchikan Humane Society. Ballard holds a bachelor of arts from the University of Pennsylvania, attended Oxford University on a Thouron Scholarship and received a master's degree in business administration from Harvard University. Ballard replaces Mack L. Hogans who previously announced his plans to retire after 25 years at Weyerhaeuser. During his career, Hogans held numerous positions in the Wood Products business and Government Affairs. He was responsible for leading the integration of MacMillan Bloedel into Weyerhaeuser and establishing the company's entry into an electronic commerce joint venture.


From Ancient Greek ὑποκοριστικός (hupokoristikós), from ὑποκορίζομαι (hupokorízomai, "I speak in the language of children"), from ὑπό (hupó, "below") + κορίζομαι (korízomai, "I act like a girl"), from κόρη (kórē, "girl").
Relating to a nickname, usually indicating intimacy with the person.
A nickname, especially one indicating intimacy and formed through a shortening of the original name.
hypocoristic in Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
hypocoristic in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
This page was last edited on 26 May 2018, at 21:01.


The VonDrehle 2245 black automatic hands free paper towel dispenser is a dependable, hygienic solution for your restroom! The touchless, automatic design has a moisture sensor that dispenses a towel when wet hands are placed below the dispenser. This design reduces the risk of cross-contamination and protects the paper towel until dispensing.
This hand towel dispenser has three separate adjustments for maximum flexibility. First, you can adjust the dispenser's time delay to 1, 2, or 3 seconds. Second, you can control the sheet length dispensed: 9", 12", or 15". Third, you can fine-tune the amount of paper dispensed with the paper saving mode. This mode adjusts the length of the second sheet dispensed to reduce waste. You can choose from 0 percent, 12.5 percent, or 25 percent savings. For example, if you set the standard length to 9" and choose 12.5 percent paper savings, the second sheet dispensed will be approximately 7 15/16" long.
This hands free paper towel dispenser's housing is made from durable black ABS plastic. It can dispense non-perforated roll towels up to 8" in diameter and 8" wide with a core size of 2".
Four "D" batteries power this paper roll dispenser, and they are located in the front of the unit for easy changing. Preliminary tests conducted by VonDrehle have shown that one set will last almost 2 1/2 years with an average of 100 dispenses per day!
First, you can adjust the dispenser's time delay to 1, 2, or 3 seconds.


text:
8 Howard Co. clinics to offer vaccines for flu, pneumococcal pneumonia HOWARD COUNTY HEALTH
By Sherry Joe
Howard County residents can protect themselves against the coming flu season by getting influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia shots at eight clinics, starting this fall.
Conducted by the Howard County Health Department, the clinics begin Oct. 5 at Owen Brown Place in Columbia and conclude Nov. 16 at the Ellicott City Health Center.
Pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza are a major cause of adult illness and death, with the flu exacting a particularly severe toll.
An estimated half-million Americans have died as a result of influenza epidemics during the last 20 years, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control. Americans also lose more than 15 million work days annually as a result of illness from influenza.
The CDC also says that about 30 percent of those 65 and older are immunized against influenza, and only 14 percent are immunized against pneumonia.
Howard County Nursing Director Ruth Talbot urged residents to arm themselves against these illnesses.
The flu, an acute infection of the respiratory tract caused by a virus, is characterized by an abrupt onset of fever, sore throat, and severe aches and pains. Extreme cases can be fatal.
Because the flu virus changes from year to year, it is important to get a flu shot every year, Ms. Talbot said.
Pneumococcal pneumonia, meanwhile, is caused by a bacteria and can affect the lungs, bloodstream and covering of the brain. The vaccine is given only once during a person's lifetime.
Both vaccinations are recommended for adults 65 years and older, and those with chronic long-term illnesses, such as heart, lung or kidney disease.
Last year, about 3,000 Howard County residents received a flu shot, Ms. Talbot said. More than 400 received a pneumococcal pneumonia vaccination.
To reach as many people as possible, the clinics are offered at community rooms, fire halls and apartment complexes throughout the county.
The clinics are timed to provide maximum protection from the ravages of the flu.
"You don't want to do it too early or too late," Ms. Talbot said. "If the influenza shots are given too far in advance, the antibody levels may begin to decline within a few months of the vaccine and you won't be protected."
It takes about two weeks for the flu vaccine to take effect, she said. In the United States, the flu season usually peaks between late December and early March.
Further information is available by calling one of the three health centers: Columbia, 313-7500; Ellicott City, 313-2333; or Southeastern, 880-5888, Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


How are you? Are you enjoying the weather? I am loving it! Not too cold, but not too warm either, almost perfect! Anyway, whether you are busy or not, I hope you had some free time to play your favorite online game. But if not, here comes my weekly recap.
This week started with a new release in Spectacular store.
You probably think: "Not another collection of ordinary sunglasses!", but I assure you, these are anything but ordinary. What's the catch? If you look closer, you may see that some of them have a sort of reflection on them. You can see various city landscapes and monuments, such as New York, or Paris Eiffel Tower, or some tropical beach. Yeah, I think this is really cool idea from Stardoll team. The only downside is, of course, that they go in our beauty parlor, and unlike on pic above, we cannot wear them under Tress Up hairstyles. Oh, well..
On Wednesday, we got something never seen on Stardoll before. (Well, at least, not in Stardoll stores.) I am talking, of course, about new release of face mask and shadings in Transform store.
Seems like Stardoll got an idea from various hair designers on Stardoll, who also design face masks and face shadings, contours for our medolls, making our dolls look more realistic. I like this. I haven't really tried them yet on my doll, but I love the idea and I'd love to see more of these, preferably some that would look good on pale faces. I also love the lip shadings. Those are quite cheaper than stadesigned ones, but we have far less choices.
On Thursday, we got new Callie's Picks decor collection, 4th so far, named "Botanical Gardens"
The collection is bright, colorful, and has some really nice pieces. I am loving the dog, and all other animals out there. It is inspired by this gorgeous interior and also, there is this black fence that can be very useful when creating outdoor inspired rooms. I like the bike too, but I think it might should have had more items, maybe 2 pages, because the theme has a lot of potential.
On Friday, there was a new release in real brand inspired PPQ store, called "Spring Safari"
The collection is inspired by Spring/Summer 2015 PPQ collection, but to me, it seems more like winter, with white as a dominant color, and few items with icy blue shade. It is really beautiful, classical, as white can be worn with almost anything, and I am really loving it. Except my doll is totally pale, so white alone doesn't really look good on it. Still, with some mixing and matching I am sure I could create some nice, wearable outfits, though I do not plan on buying from the collection yet. I love the shoes, they are really classic and really wearable, as well as Sleeveless White Turtleneck, White Leather Party Jacket, and also the long white coat, whihc does not show up, for some reason, in the store. Overall, fantastic collection!
And yesterday, Stardoll announced 30% off sale in Le Specs sunglasses store.
Another news related to sunglasses, I know. The store is not quite popular on Stardoll, and it is not visible in all countries, but you can find the sunglasses with search function in starplaza. Prices are not that affordable, and 30% off is not a really great deal, as I am not much a fan of those sunglasses anyway. I'd rather stick with Spectacular store, and I already have a nice amount of sunglasses in my beauty parlor. Or not, I have no idea, it is too messy. Anyway, the sale will last only for a little, so if you still want to buy some, you better hurry.
That sums up the week behind us. What we can expect for the next one is maybe a new LE collection, (just a random guess, don't take it for granted), though I'd rather not have it released yet. I don't know about Callie's Picks either, because they don't seem to stick to a certain 'pattern' when it comes to releasing collections and switching between Fashion and Decor. Anyway, as usual, vote, comment, and see you next week.


Last season, Anfield rumbled in stunned elation as the Reds ripped apart Arsenal in a performance that had the hallmark of champions. It cemented the title charge from the Kopites, and unified belief.
That seemed far more than just a season ago when Arsenal turned the tables on them at the Emirates on Saturday afternoon.
An onslaught to end the first-half with sublime strikes from Bellerin, Özil and Sánchez prompted the beginning of a not-so-distant end to the visitors' fading chances in the contest.
It came some 14 months removed from when Brendan Rodgers' Liverpool delivered arguably their greatest performance in Premier League history to crush Arsenal. The effect was hardly different—the instigators galvanised their ambitions while the victims' hopes of Champions League football were smashed into smithereens.
A theatrical 90 minute display highlighted the seasons of the respective teams. On one hand Arsenal exemplified their true quality, and ability to utilise numerous star outputs, while Liverpool's, hampered with inconsistency and a lack of fire-power at times, was a ballad of misery.
What once where whispers, are now far more credible suggestions. The Gunners are on remarkable form, and if Chelsea continue to wobble their way to results, then title talk is certainly validated. Manchester City, or Chelsea for that matter, have not been the same in this recent patch of Premier League fixtures. Arsenal can continue to win games and hope for a slip up.
Continuing to win games lies in the blueprint unearthed from their demolition of Liverpool at the Emirates. A seventh straight win in the league was no freak incident of all components fusing together, instead it remained a stable constant of how Arsenal can rattle defences and create the all-important openings.
Following a stalemate of some 36 minutes, Héctor Bellerín weaved his way through the sea of Liverpool players cramming the box, but none would thwart him. While the way Sakho clumsily opened the gap and other defensive mishaps made for the chance, Arsenal's ability to execute that chance to perfection typified their ascent to form. Having flourished in his adoption for the role, Héctor Bellerín is one of the gems continuing to pull the weight forward.
It's part of a winning combination that has seen the rise to Arsenal's form. The goals that followed echoed far more quality from the side of Arsenal than it did exclaim the weaknesses of Liverpool.
Arsenal applied a method which Liverpool simply could not match, and other teams in their path couldn't either. Liverpool's failure to match it, part of the decay of the effectiveness from the 3-4-2-1 formation, shows what needs to be done, but their hopes of reaching the top four remain in tatters.
That Anfield rout may have come earlier in the season last time round, but for Arsenal this time, it shows that, if results go their way, a title could be on the way too. Even though Liverpool recovered in the FA Cup topping Blackburn, however, it's a long and unforgiving climb to assert themselves back at the top.
Arsenal demolishing Liverpool allows them to look to the title, but Liverpool have lost hope - surely.


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text:
Richard Merck
Ewan, Ewan Ko Ba
I still Love You
Magbalik Ka
Dying For You
Kailan Kaya
Just For A Moment
for audio, visit/subscribe:
YouTube: OPM Vinyl Playlist
Richard James Bulawin Merk is one of the most versatile talents in the Philippines. He is known for his screen name, Richard Merk. He is considered as the Prince of Jazz because of his specialty in on the genre.
Richard Merk was born at Angeles City, Philippines. His parents are James Merk and Annie Brazil Wolfe, a famous jazz singer. He is able to play many instruments like the percussions, drums, guitars, keyboard and bass.
Richard Merk started out as an actor and singer at the age of 7. Since his mother is a renowned jazz singer, Richard too, became fascinated towards that unique musical genre. However, jazz fanatics were limited. So as to widen his audience, he shifted from jazz to pop but the discipline of jazz was still present. As a result, Richard came to a music that is definitely his style.
Known for his wide vocal range, Richard is someone worthy of praises. He is not only recognized in his own country but also in demand abroad. He is dubbed as the "Prince of Jazz" and no one until now stands in opposition.
Richard had performed countless concerts and shows together with other artists like Salbakuta, Royal Flush, Sticky Band, Star Band etc. He was also tapped to make jingles of several products for commercials like Pepsi, Mountain Dew, BPI, Juicy Fruit Gum, Levis, Nestle and Colgate among others.
Aside from performing live in different venues, Richard also a stage actor, starred in several stage plays.
Richard is vendible in many jazz bars in the country. Now, he owned his own Merk's Bar Bistro, a place blended with good taste, ambiance and entertainment.
Earning the reputation as one of the country's foremost jazz singer, he released his album entitled Jazz In Time last 2000 under Star Records. The album evidenced his fine performance in jazz. He was accompanied with other Philippine topnotch jazz musicians like Tots Tolentino, the saxophonist and bassist Meong Pacana, a member of Philippine swing band, Ugoy Ugoy.
The album has 11 tracks, all remakes but in outstanding renditions. He sings from the heart and with jazzy feelings in all the songs, either a half-step up or half-step down from the original note. Included in the album is the music video of the remake of Every Breath You Take which was shot in Club Paradise in Palawan.
Currently, Richard is doing great both in the local and international scenes, having performed in countries like London, Germany, Greece, Thailand, Singapore, Yemen, Jordan, Beirut and U.S.A. Other credits include his representation of the Philippines during the 1st Singaporean Jazz Festival and to the ASEAN Festival in Thailand. He even recorded the theme of Singapore's 25th Anniversary of Independence.
-filipinomusica.com
Posted by edwardc08.blog at 1:27 AM No comments:
The Perfect Collection
Sa Puso Ko
Dahil Ikaw
(Awit Para) Sa Kanya
Muntik Nang Maabot Ang Langit
Alaala
How Much I feel
Huwag Na Lang Kaya
Kung OK Lang Sa'yo
Sumasarap Ang Gising
True Faith (or Truefaith) is a band from the Philippines, formed in 1992. They have become one of the Philippines' most popular and accomplished bands.
The band took its name from New Order's 1987 hit single "True Faith", revealing the group's New Wave origins. At first, True Faith mined mid-'80s New Wave sounds for its breezy pop formula, but the group eventually ventured further into the Philippine mainstream, firmly embracing middle of the road radio. Under the Viva Records label, the band has 13 best-selling albums. Their music is best described as a blend of jazz, folk, pop and rock music.
In 1993, a demo tape of the band's song "Perfect", a romantic ballad with jangling guitars and longing vocals à la the Railway Children and the Lotus Eaters, hit number one on the Manila Top 40 radio station 99.5 RT FM. The accessibility of "Perfect" opened the doors to the masses, a much larger crowd than the cult of fans who watched them perform New Wave covers in small clubs. Signed to EMI Music in the Philippines, True Faith's 1995 album, Build, was the group's first big smash, elevating it to superstar status in its native land.
Through the distinct powerful voice of its lead singer and founder, Medwin Marfil, the band was able to amass numerous music awards and nominations highlighted in the summer of 2000 by a Music Television Asia award for Best Video Award for the video "Awit Para Sa Kanya" (Song For Her). Although Truefaith didn't win, the nomination brought the band back into the public spotlight. Memories Are Cheap: The Best of Truefaith, 1993-2000 , Produced by Truefaith and Darrell James Laxamana, was also released that year, a hugely successful overview of Truefaith's success and a look at how the group evolved from its New Wave roots to becoming an easy listening icon. The album featured a new track "Kung OK Lang Sa'Yo", a one-acoustic guitar ballad featuring then new member Jay Valencia on guitars. This album also includes a remix version of "Get It On".
As they tour the Philippines through colleges, club circuits and radio stations, they continue to build a strong following. "Faithfools", the moniker the fans called themselves, look upon the group to hear songs they have popularized like "Perfect", "Sumasarap ang Gising", and "Dedma".
Truefaith has played alongside famous artists like The Dawn, the late Ric Segreto, Kuh Ledesma, Kulay and many more. They were slated to perform in the United States in the fall of 2005.
The band are mostly popular for singing the theme song for Sa Piling Mo entitled "Dahil Ikaw". This song bagged the Favorite Media Soundtrack category in the 2007 MYX Music Awards.
Nevertheless, for many observers, Truefaith's nomination was a welcome boost to a rollercoaster career that dates back to their 1993 monster hit "Perfect", which started life as a demo that spent countless weeks as the no. 1 song on the competitive 99.5 RT Top 40 chart. After riding high as one of the country's top pop bands, Truefaith peaked with their 1995 album Build, which spawned several hit singles such as "Alaala" and "Kundi Rin Lang Ikaw".
The Family Birth Control Band
City Is A Song
Lovers Forever
Band where Nonoy Zuniga came from. Nonoy was one of the lead singers of the Family Birth Control Band which performed in Metro Manila's hotel circuit from 1975-80.
Coronets
Coronets Stereo
Lara's Theme fr. Dr. Zhivago (Somewhere My Love)
Green Leaves of Summer
Steeplechase Lane
This Is My Prayer
Theme Fr. Summer Place
Melanie's Waltz
Nice Music Today
In A Little Spanish Town
Coronets 2nd
Swedish Rhapsody
Fobidden Games
Faithful Love Story
Faithful Love
Forver With You
Hot Lips
Tomorrow's Love
I'm Falling In Love Tonight
Cradle Of Love
Mocking Bird Hill
Coronets: The original members were Cesar Manalili (lead guitar), Danny Silva (2nd lead), Boy Ordiales (rhythm guitar), B. Vasquez (bass guitar) & Danny Vasquez (drums). The second batch were Tony "Bangaw" Sanchez (lead guitar), Dodie Salinas (2nd lead guitar), Boy Ordiales (rhythm guitar), Bong Bernabe (bass guitar) & Sonny Abad (drums). The third batch were Tristan (lead guitar), Ipe (2nd lead), Rene Michida (rhythm guitar), Dodie Salinas (bass) & Boy Ordiales (drums). Recording era members were Cesar Manalili (lead guitar), Oscar Manalili (2nd lead), Errol 'Diego" Panaligan (rhythm/keyboards), Boy Ordiales (bass) & Noni O. (drums). Famous instrumental recorded songs were "Faithful Love" and "Manang Biday".
Posted by edwardc08.blog at 12:50 AM 2 comments:
Eleonora Enachescu
"I Love Philippine Music"
Dahil sa Isang Bulaklak
Ano Kaya Ang kapalaran
Madaling Araw
Ako'y Pobreng Alindahaw
Bituing Marikit
Mutya Ng Pasig
Gaano Ko Ikaw Kamahal
Sa Kabukiran
Ako'y Isang Ibong Sawi
Katakataka
Pakiusap
Sa Ugoy Ng Duyan
The First foreign Soprano to record an all Philippine album.
Famed Romanina soprano of the Bucharest opera House made her Philippine debut on November 7, 1983 under the baton of Filipino international conductor redentor L. Romero.
Dinah Dominguez
Dynamic Dinah
Great Balls Of fire
There Goes My Baby
I Just Can't Help Believing
Backstreet Romance
Builp Me Up, Buttercup
Dinah Dominguez is an actress, known for McBain (1991), Isinusumpa ko (1982) and Anino ni David Crusado (1985).
Dinah is the mother of Champagne Morales, big winner of Talent Search of GMA7
Third World Chaos
New Move for Error
Sophisticated Brat
Rebel Rockers
No Rule
Don't Cha Try To Stop Me
We Are The One
Lost Dinosaur
Insult The Useless people
You won't anymore
First Lp from The first Filipino punk band ever.
Tommy Tanchanco, instigator of the TRC label and the "Brave new World" movement, was the band's guitar player.
Vinyl repress of this super rare Philipinne Punk album from 1984. Third world chaos played a melodic 77 type of punk - catchy and uptempo melodic tunes a la Stiff Little Finers or The Lurkers.
Posted by edwardc08.blog at 2:34 PM 1 comment:
Teresa Carpio
Greatest Hits +2
Love Theme from " A Star Is Born" (Evergreen)
We May Never Love Like This Again
I'm easy
When Will I see You Again
I'd Really Love To See You Tonight
If You Walked Away
I've Got The Music In Me
Lady Marmalade
Have You Never Been Mellow
Could We Start Again Please?
As Sure As I'm Standing Here
Never Can Say Goodbye
Do You know Where You're Going To
Love Hangover
(If You Want it) Do It Yourself
How High The Moon
Teresa Carpio (born in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong English pop and Cantopop singer, actress, and singing teacher. She is the mother of singer T.V. Carpio.
Carpio's father is Filipino and her mother Chinese. Born into a musical family. (Her grandfather was a concert violinist and jazz guitarist, her father Fernando, a jazz drummer, and several uncles were also professional musicians.) Carpio began her career as a child star, winning Hong Kong's first Amateur Talent Quest in 1963 at the age of 6.
For several years from 1975 onwards Carpio had her own TV variety show in Hong Kong, on which she performed both solo and with several of her siblings. She released many albums in Hong Kong from 1976 onwards; her early releases under EMI such as the EMI's "Sound Hit" series on vinyl record. Eventually six of her album under EMI went gold, in which she featured cover versions in English of western hits, including an album with George Lam. She made numerous television appearances in Hong Kong, in the late 1970s.
Carpio was the first and the youngest Hong Kong singer ever to appear on national TV in Japan. She has performed in many other countries as far apart as Singapore, Malaysia, Tahiti, Australia, Japan, Thailand, Brunei, the USA and Canada.
With the growing popularity of Cantopop, Carpio started to record in Cantonese along with English, remaining popular despite increasing competition from newer stars, notably Anita Mui. Carpio broadened her career into acting with appearances in a number of films, and auditioned for the lead role in Miss Saigon. Though this eventually went to Lea Salonga, Teresa took the lead role in the 1979 San Jose, California production of the stage musical City of Broken Promises, based on the book by Austin Coates, a story set in Macau which won "Best Original Musical" for 1975. Another starring stage role was in 68 performances of I Have A Date With Spring in Hong Kong in 2001. Carpio appeared on the cover of the December 1986 issue of the Hong Kong edition of Playboy magazine, which featured a topless pictorial of her.
In 1980, Carpio sang for a charity in Penang, Malaysia to help save the life of a 14 year old girl needing heart surgery. She helped raise $8000 Dollars.
Following her second marriage, Carpio moved to Canada and focused her attention on bringing up her family (she has three daughters; the eldest, T. V. Carpio, by her first marriage, also an actor, singer and songwriter). However, Carpio still makes occasional concert appearances, including a series of performances with the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra in 2003 that became a Hong Kong bestseller on CD and DVD.
Carpio now teaches singing to children, and has established her own music schools in Canada and Hong Kong. She has also coached Hong Kong stars including Sandy Lam, Sammi Cheng, Jade Kwan, Cecilia Cheung, Joey Yung, Gigi Leung, Alex To, Edmund Leung, Twins, Wong Cho Lam and many more. Gigi Leung and other popular local singers including Jacky Cheung and George Lam have appeared as guest performers in some of Carpio's concerts. She and Lam gave a series of joint concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum in 2007. More recently she appeared on Hong Kong television as a judge and head vocal coach on season two of the singing competition The Voice.
She lived in Springfield, Missouri with her second husband, journalist Andreas Panayi. She has since moved and resides in Hong Kong again.
Christmas Eve 2012, she along with Michael Wong sung at The Joint in Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas and invited her youngest daughter Serena to sing a song.


extra strong valve spring set (8 pieces) - as Terry 451.550 .
new made camshaft for chain drive engine - PART MACHINED only - valve lift lobes left untouched for customer to arrange their own grinding to own specific profile.
Standard profile camshaft - new made item (not a reground old unit) for chain driven engines.
camshaft thrust plug, stepped plunger located at the front of the camshaft, fits into timing cover.
per engine set of 8 pieces. minimum height 35mm maximum height 49mm.
please note that fitting these tappets enables the user to use shorter than original valves in engines if required.
three part camshaft bearing set. standard bore inner, standard size outer. this part is used through later model engines also.
under size inner 0.002" or 0.010"
new re-manufactured timing chain camshaft sprocket, 40 teeth with timing mark.
camshaft lock washer, dimensions 58mm x 38mm with 35mm hole centres.
we do have a few of these drives marked 0.004" oversize on outside.
standard exhaust quality valve 4.7/32" (107.45mm) long, head diameter 28.15mm, normally used on engines built 1932 to 1939 period.
standard exhaust quality valve 4.5/32" (105.65mm) long, head diameter 28.15mm, normally used on engines built 1940 to 1946 period.
oil pump and distributor drive shaft for GEAR DRIVEN camshaft motor only, Will not fit later engines with chain driven camshaft.
for unleaded fuel. requires machine work to engine block to fit this part.
inlet valve 4.7/32" (107.45mm) long, head diameter 28.15mm, normally used on engines built 1932 to 1939 period.
inlet valve 4.5/32" (105.65mm) long, head diameter 28.15mm, normally used on engines built 1940 to 1946 period.
oversize inlet valve quality, 31mm head diameter, 4.3/8" (111.13mm) long, for tuning purposes.
later type split valve guide with deep shoulder, eight per engine. used 1939-59.
early type split valve guide with shallow shoulder, eight per engine. used 1932-39.
sports valve spring, per engine set (8). specify 8/10hp or 100E engine. 100E are made to Terry V.S. 483 spec.
exhaust/inlet valve for unleaded fuel 4.3/8" (111.13mm) long, head diameter 28.15mm, note require hard seat in the block.
oversize 1/16" (approx 1.5mm) than standard valve.
timing chain tensioner assy, cast aluminium body with spring loaded knurled snail cam.
oil pump and distributor drive shaft for CHAIN DRIVEN camshaft motor only, Will only fit later engines with chain driven camshaft.


Find and Load Ebook An account of Greek manuscripts, chiefly biblical, which had been in the possession of the late Professor Carlyle, the greater part of which are now deposited in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth Palace.
The Get Book Club service executes searching for the e-book "An account of Greek manuscripts, chiefly biblical, which had been in the possession of the late Professor Carlyle, the greater part of which are now deposited in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth Palace." to provide you with the opportunity to download it for free. Click the appropriate button to start searching the book to get it in the format you are interested in.


I'm writing this little update from the comfort of my new gaff. Strictly speaking, I'm writing from the comfort of my boyfriend's gaff.
"Mi casa es su casa," he said even though he's not Spanish. I took it as a verbal contract, packed my clobber, and tried to get first dibs on the left hand side of the bed.
I had some worries about leaving the sanctity of my own flat which you can read about here.
Fear of squashed cushions and piles of change aside, I decided it's now or never, and feel so much happier for making a decision. I'm a bugger for overthinking and worrying. Who isn't? I felt a weight lift when I made the decision to worry less and live more! Well to definitely try!
...Things are working out wonderfully!
If you found your other half drunk and snoring on the carpet, would you, a) wake him and put him to bed or, b) leave him and let him learn the hard way? Do tell ... and ease my conscience.
As much as I love my boyfriend, I think all hell will break loose when we live together haha!
Oh gosh prepare yourself haha. I felt very Monica from Friends, "now I have to live with a boy!"


Over the past 63 years, Eulea and I.J. Tharp have reserved the use of their wedding silver for special occasions only. "Back in the 1950s, those of us with new diamond rings went down to the store and registered for china or silverware," Mrs. Tharp laughs. "Instead of registering for more practical things like toasters." Pristinely maintained and polished after every use, their silver became more than serving pieces. Representative of loved ones who, over time, gave a knife, a fork, a spoon, their wedding silver became a legacy of their own heritage and marriage.
After offering the silver to her children and grandchildren and finding no takers, Mrs. Tharp hoped to find a meaningful solution. A postcard in the mail from Prison Fellowship, a ministry the Tharps support, explained that after many years of being limited to cash-only gifts, they were now able to accept such donations as cars and other valuable assets. From the moment she learned of this new information, Mrs. Tharp recalls, "A light just went off in my head!" The wedding silver that sat perched on their shelf for years could now serve as a donation towards programs that bring hope and healing to prisoners and their families and communities.
Prison Fellowship has for over 35 years relied on staff, volunteers and donations to deliver its ministry, now in more than 470 prisons and jails and in all 50 states.
Learning of the Tharps' donation, Mr. Liske admired the uniqueness of their gift. "Mr. and Mrs. Tharp value the ministry enough to give something that is sentimental. They are beautifully stewarding an object they have treasured, and their generosity will now fuel restorative programs that rebuild families, transform communities, and address issues upstream from prisons and jails!" The Tharps' precious memory now will go on to help others – build new lives and build new precious memories.
Mrs. Tharp describes the process of donating their wedding silver through iDonate as easy and encouraging. "It certainly simplified what I thought I could do with the silverware!" Appreciative of the ease in contributing, she is eager to work with iDonate again.
The Tharps' donation will be used towards Prison Fellowship's mission to serve the incarcerated. "We wanted to find a place where the silver would be honoring to the Lord and used for His ministry." After 63 years of marriage and countless meals enjoyed around their table, the Tharps certainly chose an impactful way to use their silver for one last special occasion.


text:
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import requests
import logging
from django.conf import settings
from django.apps import AppConfig
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class AraGenoConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'arageno'
    accessions_map = {}

    def ready(self):
        super(AraGenoConfig, self).ready()
        self._get_accession_map()
        logger.info('Accession map initialized')

    @classmethod
    def _get_accession_map(cls):
        ret = requests.get(settings.ACCESSION_REST_MAP_URL)
        ret.raise_for_status()
        accessions = ret.json()
        for acc in accessions:
            acc_id = acc['pk']
            acc['url'] = 'https://arapheno.1001genomes.org/accession/{0}'.format(acc_id)
            acc['picture_url'] = '/plants/{0}.png'.format(acc_id)
            cls.accessions_map[acc_id] = acc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Huawei is offering 330,000 USD for Android themes.
Huawei: So you guys don't like EMUI? Why don't you design something?
Huawei: ...So you guys don't like EMUI? Why don't you design something?
what happens when you refuse to hire UX designers ._.
Well I'm talking about everything, them intentionally unlocking the bootloader when aproached by XDA devs to unlock it, bricking phones that install Magisk and stuff like that. But that's for another discussion, not to go off topic.
Perhaps they should just outsource their software development and software design to more capable hands.
Or do a PR spin and have a contest for those very designs(and more) for a quarter the price. Scanned the linked article and didn't note any mention of whom retains ownership of submitted art/designs. I assume they're going with full-out facebook legaliese and claiming ownership of any and every image submitted or that they've stumbled upon.
But then you could be using a xiaomi /oneplus if you want stock.
Black background, white text, minimal battery consumption and performance usage.
At least, for browsers. Stop burning out my retina's in between webpages with a full display of white background for no reason.
I'd be skeptical about this... Chinese government doesn't respect US copyright law, or anything but its own.
Submit a design, they like it and use it without paying you a dime. Nothing you can do.
Have you heard of taobao?
On taobao you can pay 10 RMB(which is 1.5 USD) for the BL unlock code of any huawei phone.
I have the Huawei Mate 20X and I love it. Got some really nice themes as well as customized the fonts.
Due to it being EU version, I don't really need to unlock the bootloader, unless there is a very good reason but then again, I may end up "update not possible because the system has been modified" like I have with my Huawei P8Max. Oppo Reno also looks very nice too.


Family is the most important relationship of all – which is why family legal matters can be among the most stressful and emotional. At Stallard & Bellof, we want to provide our clients with a sense of direction, and we are committed to pursuing tactful, swift resolutions. We have extensive experience in the areas of separation, divorce, property division, alimony, child custody, visitation, and child support. We have also been trained in collaborative family law and can offer a more holistic approach to resolving family law issues. Our goal is to reduce your anxiety while seeking the most beneficial outcome for your case.
Contact our firm today if you have questions about family or domestic matters.


Here's a round-up of our latest discounts on life-changing products for people with deafness, tinnitus and hearing loss.
Snap up a bargain in our nearly new clearance sale. Every product is in full working order with a six-month warranty. However, the packaging may be slightly damaged.
Browse our latest special offers. Save money on must-have products to help you, or a loved one, enjoy a better quality of life.
These offers change often but there are usually savings on whatever type of product you're looking for: alarms and alerts; phones, including the popular Doro 8040 smartphone; listening devices, such as the Roger Pen and MyLink bundle; tinnitus products; hearing aid accessories; headphones; and hearing protection.


text:
John Raeburn
Organising spirit behind the wartime Dig for Victory campaign
Sun 6 Aug 2006 19.06 EDT
The agricultural economist and civil servant Professor John Raeburn, who has died aged 93, was responsible for organising one of the great wartime Home Front success stories, the Dig for Victory campaign. Inspired by the Nazis' stated aim of starving Britain into surrender, it called on citizens and communities to use every inch of spare land for producing food. Millions responded.
Raeburn was also involved in formulating the 1947 Agriculture Act, which put British farming back on its feet. He had worked from 1939 at the Ministry of Food as a statistician. Two years later he was appointed to lead the agricultural plans branch, located in north Wales.
The Dig for Victory campaign was fronted politically by Lord Woolton, the minister of food, while Raeburn presided over its organisation. Gardens, lawns and golf courses were dug up to provide vegetables. City dwellers as well as country folk took to keeping chickens, rabbits and goats. Pigs were popular because they thrived on household waste. Those who lived in tenement buildings did their bit through windowboxes and allotments. It was an inspirational national movement which, apart from its contribution to the war effort, led to many people being better fed than ever before.
Characters such as Dr Carrot and Potato Pete extolled the masses to even greater efforts. When a glut of carrots occurred, the beneficial effects of carotene on eyesight - or helping people to see in the black-out - were promoted and soon helped to clear it. Woolton ceased to be food minister in 1943, but Raeburn continued to run the programme until the end of the war.
He then went back to Oxford University as a senior research officer but played a leading role in developing the landmark 1947 Agriculture Act. Even the most jaundiced Tory farmers conceded this was the legislation revived British farming by bringing security of demand and price stability to the industry.
Annual price reviews fixed prices for the main crops - wheat, barley, oats, rye, potatoes and sugar beet - for 18 months ahead while prices for fatstock, milk and eggs were fixed between two and four years ahead. The fundamentals of that system served British agriculture well until they were replaced by the uncertainties of the EU common agricultural policy, which Raeburn regarded as the antithesis of his favourite word - "rational".
Raeburn was an engineer's son, born in Kirkcaldy.The family moved first to Aberdeen where he attended primary school and then to Stockport. He was educated at Manchester grammar school and Edinburgh University.
He began his career in 1936 as professor of agricultural economics at Nanking University but fled at the start of the second Sino-Japanese war, although he retained a lifelong interest in China. Indeed his last academic post, nearly 50 years later, was as a visiting professor at Wuhan University in central China. In 1938, Raeburn became a research officer at Oxford University before joining the ministry.
He had a great thirst for travel and the application of sound agricultural principles in the development of rural economies around the world. He was on the Colonial Economic Research Committee (1949-61), a member of the UN agricultural mission to Yugoslavia in 1951 and a consultant to the World Bank (1979-88). He also spent 1950 at Cornell University as a visiting professor before becoming a reader in agricultural economics at London University.
From 1959 until his retirement in 1978, he was back in Scotland with the Strathcona-Fordyce chair of agriculture at Aberdeen University. He quickly succeeded in bringing the North of Scotland College of Agriculture - then one of three Scottish agricultural colleges that gave practical support and research-based advice to the farming communities - within the university ambit. The cutbacks in agricultural research in the 1980s and the commercialisation of the local services the colleges provided caused him great annoyance.
Made a CBE, he was an honorary life member of both the International Association of Agricultural Economists and the Agricultural Economic Society. In 1996, Aberdeen University established the annual Raeburn lecture in his honour and he delivered the inaugural paper, Changes, Benefits and Poverties; a Logical Basis in Serving the Farming Community and Consumers, a title that was a neat summary of the dry-sounding but immensely important challenges that had underpinned his life's work.
In his lecture, Raeburn argued in favour of "rational thinking" in establishing agricultural policy, challenged the assumption that bigger was either better or more efficient in terms of measurable human outcomes and pleaded for the importance of agricultural research in overcoming poverty and disease. He argued that the past history of successes and failures in agrarian development and assistance should be re-examined for new lessons relevant to the modern world. Raeburn deplored the casual drift towards massive reliance on food imports.
In his private life, he practised what he preached, feeding his family on the produce of their own garden. He was active in Welsh cultural circles having married his wife, Mair, a nurse, in 1941 during his sojourn in Wales.
She survives him along with their son and three daughters
· John Raeburn, economist, born November 20, 1912; died July 9 2006