text:
Q: OpenCV: reading frames from VideoCapture advances the video to bizarrely wrong location (I will put a 500 reputation bounty on this question as soon as it's eligible - unless the question got closed.)
Problem in one sentence
Reading frames from a VideoCapture advances the video much further than it's supposed to.
Explanation
I need to read and analyze frames from a 100 fps (according to cv2 and VLC media player) video between certain time-intervals. In the minimal example that follows I am trying to read all the frames for the first ten seconds of a three minute video.
I am creating a cv2.VideoCapture object from which I read frames until the  desired position in milliseconds is reached. In my actual code each frame is analyzed, but that fact is irrelevant in order to showcase the error.
Checking the current frame and millisecond position of the VideoCapture after reading the frames yields correct values, so the VideoCapture thinks it is at the right position - but it is not. Saving an image of the last read frame reveals that my iteration is grossly overshooting the destination time by over two minutes.
What's even more bizarre is that if I manually set the millisecond position of the capture with VideoCapture.set to 10 seconds (the same value VideoCapture.get returns after reading the frames) and save an image, the video is at (almost) the right position!
Demo video file
In case you want to run the MCVE, you need the demo.avi video file.
You can download it HERE.
MCVE
This MCVE is carefully crafted and commented. Please leave a comment under the question if anything remains unclear.
If you are using OpenCV 3 you have to replace all instances of cv2.cv.CV_ with cv2.. (The problem occurs in both versions for me.)
import cv2

# set up capture and print properties
print 'cv2 version = {}'.format(cv2.__version__)
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('demo.avi')
fps = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_FPS)
pos_msec = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC)
pos_frames = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES)
print ('initial attributes: fps = {}, pos_msec = {}, pos_frames = {}'
      .format(fps, pos_msec, pos_frames))

# get first frame and save as picture
_, frame = cap.read()
cv2.imwrite('first_frame.png', frame)

# advance 10 seconds, that's 100*10 = 1000 frames at 100 fps
for _ in range(1000):
    _, frame = cap.read()
    # in the actual code, the frame is now analyzed

# save a picture of the current frame
cv2.imwrite('after_iteration.png', frame)

# print properties after iteration
pos_msec = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC)
pos_frames = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES)
print ('attributes after iteration: pos_msec = {}, pos_frames = {}'
      .format(pos_msec, pos_frames))

# assert that the capture (thinks it) is where it is supposed to be
# (assertions succeed)
assert pos_frames == 1000 + 1 # (+1: iteration started with second frame)
assert pos_msec == 10000 + 10

# manually set the capture to msec position 10010
# note that this should change absolutely nothing in theory
cap.set(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC, 10010)

# print properties  again to be extra sure
pos_msec = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC)
pos_frames = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES)
print ('attributes after setting msec pos manually: pos_msec = {}, pos_frames = {}'
      .format(pos_msec, pos_frames))

# save a picture of the next frame, should show the same clock as
# previously taken image - but does not
_, frame = cap.read()
cv2.imwrite('after_setting.png', frame)

MCVE output
The print statements produce the following output.

cv2 version = 2.4.9.1
  initial attributes: fps = 100.0, pos_msec = 0.0, pos_frames = 0.0
  attributes after reading: pos_msec = 10010.0, pos_frames = 1001.0
  attributes after setting msec pos manually: pos_msec = 10010.0, pos_frames = 1001.0

As you can see, all properties have the expected values.
imwrite saves the following pictures.
first_frame.png

after_iteration.png

after_setting.png

You can see the problem in the second picture. The target of 9:26:15 (real time clock in picture) is missed by over two minutes. Setting the target time manually (third picture) sets the video to (almost) the correct position.
What am I doing wrong and how do I fix it?
Tried so far
cv2 2.4.9.1 @ Ubuntu 16.04
cv2 2.4.13 @ Scientific Linux 7.3 (three computers)
cv2 3.1.0 @ Scientific Linux 7.3 (three computers)
Creating the capture with
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('demo.avi', apiPreference=cv2.CAP_FFMPEG)

and
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('demo.avi', apiPreference=cv2.CAP_GSTREAMER)

in OpenCV 3 (version 2 does not seem to have the apiPreference argument).
Using cv2.CAP_GSTREAMER takes extremely long (about 2-3 minutes to run the MCVE) but both api-preferences produce the same incorrect images.
When using ffmpeg  directly to read frames (credit to this tutorial) the correct output images are produced.
import numpy as np
import subprocess as sp
import pylab

# video properties
path = './demo.avi'
resolution = (593, 792)
framesize = resolution[0]*resolution[1]*3

# set up pipe
FFMPEG_BIN = "ffmpeg"
command = [FFMPEG_BIN,
           '-i', path,
           '-f', 'image2pipe',
           '-pix_fmt', 'rgb24',
           '-vcodec', 'rawvideo', '-']
pipe = sp.Popen(command, stdout = sp.PIPE, bufsize=10**8)

# read first frame and save as image
raw_image = pipe.stdout.read(framesize)
image = np.fromstring(raw_image, dtype='uint8')
image = image.reshape(resolution[0], resolution[1], 3)
pylab.imshow(image)
pylab.savefig('first_frame_ffmpeg_only.png')
pipe.stdout.flush()

# forward 1000 frames
for _ in range(1000):
    raw_image = pipe.stdout.read(framesize)
    pipe.stdout.flush()

# save frame 1001
image = np.fromstring(raw_image, dtype='uint8')
image = image.reshape(resolution[0], resolution[1], 3)
pylab.imshow(image)
pylab.savefig('frame_1001_ffmpeg_only.png')

pipe.terminate()

This produces the correct result! (Correct timestamp 9:26:15)
frame_1001_ffmpeg_only.png:

Additional information
In the comments I was asked for my cvconfig.h file. I only seem to have this file for cv2 version 3.1.0 under /opt/opencv/3.1.0/include/opencv2/cvconfig.h.
HERE is a paste of this file.
In case it helps, I was able to extract the following video information with VideoCapture.get.

brightness             0.0
  contrast               0.0
  convert_rgb            0.0
  exposure               0.0
  format                 0.0
  fourcc                 1684633187.0
  fps                    100.0
  frame_count            18000.0
  frame_height           593.0
  frame_width            792.0
  gain                   0.0
  hue                    0.0
  mode                   0.0
  openni_baseline        0.0
  openni_focal_length    0.0
  openni_frame_max_depth 0.0
  openni_output_mode     0.0
  openni_registration    0.0
  pos_avi_ratio          0.01
  pos_frames             0.0
  pos_msec               0.0
  rectification          0.0
  saturation             0.0

A: Your video file data contains just 1313 non-duplicate frames (i.e. between 7 and 8 frames per second of duration):
$ ffprobe -i demo.avi -loglevel fatal -show_streams -count_frames|grep frame
has_b_frames=0
r_frame_rate=100/1
avg_frame_rate=100/1
nb_frames=18000
nb_read_frames=1313        # !!!

Converting the avi file with ffmpeg reports 16697 duplicate frames (for some reason 10 additional frames are added and 16697=18010-1313).
$ ffmpeg -i demo.avi demo.mp4
...
frame=18010 fps=417 Lsize=3705kB time=03:00.08 bitrate=168.6kbits/s dup=16697
#                                                                   ^^^^^^^^^
...

BTW, thus converted video (demo.mp4) is devoid of the problem being
  discussed, that is OpenCV processes it correctly.

In this case the duplicate frames are not physically present in the avi file, instead each duplicate frame is represented by an instruction to repeat the previous frame. This can be checked as follows:
$ ffplay -loglevel trace demo.avi
...
[ffplay_crop @ 0x7f4308003380] n:16 t:2.180000 pos:1311818.000000 x:0 y:0 x+w:792 y+h:592
[avi @ 0x7f4310009280] dts:574 offset:574 1/100 smpl_siz:0 base:1000000 st:0 size:81266
video: delay=0.130 A-V=0.000094
    Last message repeated 9 times
video: delay=0.130 A-V=0.000095
video: delay=0.130 A-V=0.000094
video: delay=0.130 A-V=0.000095
[avi @ 0x7f4310009280] dts:587 offset:587 1/100 smpl_siz:0 base:1000000 st:0 size:81646
[ffplay_crop @ 0x7f4308003380] n:17 t:2.320000 pos:1393538.000000 x:0 y:0 x+w:792 y+h:592
video: delay=0.140 A-V=0.000091
    Last message repeated 4 times
video: delay=0.140 A-V=0.000092
    Last message repeated 1 times
video: delay=0.140 A-V=0.000091
    Last message repeated 6 times
...

In the above log, frames with actual data are represented by the lines starting with "[avi @ 0xHHHHHHHHHHH]". The "video: delay=xxxxx A-V=yyyyy" messages indicate that the last frame must be displayed for xxxxx more seconds.
cv2.VideoCapture() skips such duplicate frames, reading only frames that have real data. Here is the corresponding (though, slightly edited) code from the 2.4 branch of opencv (note, BTW, that underneath ffmpeg is used, which I verified by running python under gdb and setting a breakpoint on CvCapture_FFMPEG::grabFrame):
bool CvCapture_FFMPEG::grabFrame()
{
    ...
    int count_errs = 0;
    const int max_number_of_attempts = 1 << 9; // !!!
    ...
    // get the next frame
    while (!valid)
    {
        ...
        int ret = av_read_frame(ic, &packet);
        ...
        // Decode video frame
        avcodec_decode_video2(video_st->codec, picture, &got_picture, &packet);
        // Did we get a video frame?
        if(got_picture)
        {
            //picture_pts = picture->best_effort_timestamp;
            if( picture_pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE_ )
                picture_pts = packet.pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE_ && packet.pts != 0 ? packet.pts : packet.dts;
            frame_number++;
            valid = true;
        }
        else
        {
            // So, if the next frame doesn't have picture data but is
            // merely a tiny instruction telling to repeat the previous
            // frame, then we get here, treat that situation as an error
            // and proceed unless the count of errors exceeds 1 billion!!!
            if (++count_errs > max_number_of_attempts)
                break;
        }
    }
    ...
}

A: In a nutshell: I reproduced your problem on an Ubuntu 12.04 machine with OpenCV 2.4.13, noticed that the codec used in your video (FourCC CVID) seems to be rather old (according to this post from 2011), and after converting the video to codec MJPG (aka M-JPEG or Motion JPEG) your MCVE worked.  Of course, Leon (or others) may post a fix for OpenCV, which may be the better solution for your case.
I initially tried the conversion using
ffmpeg -i demo.avi -vcodec mjpeg -an demo_mjpg.avi

and
avconv -i demo.avi -vcodec mjpeg -an demo_mjpg.avi

(both also on a 16.04 box).  Interestingly, both produced "broken" videos.  E.g., when jumping to frame 1000 using Avidemux, there in no real-time clock!  Also, the converted videos were only about 1/6 of the original size, which is strange since M-JPEG is a very simple compression.  (Each frame is JPEG-compressed independently.)
Using Avidemux to convert demo.avi to M-JPEG produced a video on which the MCVE worked.  (I used the Avidemux GUI for the conversion.)  The size of the converted video is about 3x the original size.  Of course, it may also be possible to do the original recording using a codec that is supported better on Linux.  If you need to jump to specific frames in the video in your application, M-JPEG may be the best option.  Otherwise, H.264 compresses much better.  Both are well-supported in my experience and the only codes I have seen implemented directly on webcams (H.264 only on high-end ones).

A: As you said :

When using ffmpeg directly to read frames (credit to this tutorial) the correct output images are produced.

Is it normal because you define a
framesize = resolution[0]*resolution[1]*3
then reuse it when read :
pipe.stdout.read(framesize)
So in my opinion you have to update each:
_, frame = cap.read()

to
_, frame = cap.read(framesize)

Assuming the resolution is identical, final code version will be:
import cv2

# set up capture and print properties
print 'cv2 version = {}'.format(cv2.__version__)
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('demo.avi')
fps = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_FPS)
pos_msec = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC)
pos_frames = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES)
print ('initial attributes: fps = {}, pos_msec = {}, pos_frames = {}'
      .format(fps, pos_msec, pos_frames))

resolution = (593, 792) #here resolution
framesize = resolution[0]*resolution[1]*3 #here framesize

# get first frame and save as picture
_, frame = cap.read( framesize ) #update to get one frame
cv2.imwrite('first_frame.png', frame)

# advance 10 seconds, that's 100*10 = 1000 frames at 100 fps
for _ in range(1000):
    _, frame = cap.read( framesize ) #update to get one frame
    # in the actual code, the frame is now analyzed

# save a picture of the current frame
cv2.imwrite('after_iteration.png', frame)

# print properties after iteration
pos_msec = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC)
pos_frames = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES)
print ('attributes after iteration: pos_msec = {}, pos_frames = {}'
      .format(pos_msec, pos_frames))

# assert that the capture (thinks it) is where it is supposed to be
# (assertions succeed)
assert pos_frames == 1000 + 1 # (+1: iteration started with second frame)
assert pos_msec == 10000 + 10

# manually set the capture to msec position 10010
# note that this should change absolutely nothing in theory
cap.set(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC, 10010)

# print properties  again to be extra sure
pos_msec = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC)
pos_frames = cap.get(cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES)
print ('attributes after setting msec pos manually: pos_msec = {}, pos_frames = {}'
      .format(pos_msec, pos_frames))

# save a picture of the next frame, should show the same clock as
# previously taken image - but does not
_, frame = cap.read()
cv2.imwrite('after_setting.png', frame)


Yeah…you read that right I'm not done with my boxwood DIYs. 🙂 Actually this was more of an after thought project, you know the one where you walk around the house with a lone big branch of boxwood wondering what to do with it. And ta da…our faux deer head caught my eye.
A boxwood neck piece and he is all set of the holidays!
I tell ya this was a 2 min project. My boxwood spring was long and thin. So I tacked on smaller sprigs to it with floral wire to give it a fuller look.
Once I was happy with how full it was I wrapped it around the deer head's neck and joined the two ends with more craft wire. That's it, you've got a mini boxwood wreath!
See the word art? Found it at Micheals. If you look closely you'll notice that I haven't taken the corner covers off. B's not sold on that. I love the words but I am not sure where it will fit in our home. What do you think of it in that niche? Too crowded?
Will be back tomorrow with a 2013 recap post and then it is gonna be break time till after the New Years! So excited to start my 3rd year of blogging!
PS: You could do this project with literally any evergreen.
Turned out so neat! And I don't think it looks crowded at all, love it!
Me 2! 🙂 I'm gong to replace the 2 holly bushes we have outside with boxwoods. Yay!
I love this wreath, but I love even more the faux deer head. Can you tell me where you bought it? Thank you.
P.S. Love your blog too.
Thank you Carolle. I bought it online from Sears. Yesterday I was in HomeGoods and it looked they had smaller ones, rams, deer, etc. You can also find them on Etsy, Z Gallerie etc. Hope you find yours soon.


text:
Q: The image of a compact set under a sequentially continuous real function is bounded Let $S$ be compact and let $f:S\longrightarrow \mathbf{R}$ be sequentially continuous. Then the image set $f(S)$ is bounded.

A: The compact Hausdorff space $\beta\mathbb{N}$ has the property that all of its convergent sequences are eventually constant. See this question for an argument.
So any unbounded function $f$ from $\beta\mathbb{N}$ to $\mathbb{R}$ is a counterexample.
Note that if $S$ were sequentially compact (which $\beta\mathbb{N}$ is not), then $f[S]$ would be sequentially compact in $\mathbb{R}$ (if $y_n = f(x_n)$ defines a sequence in $f[S]$, there is a convergent subsequence $x_{n_k}$ converging to some $p \in S$. But then sequential continuity gives that $y_{n_k} = f(x_{n_k}) \rightarrow f(p)$, as $k \rightarrow \infty$.) and in a metric space sequential compactness is equivalent to compactness and so $f[S]$ would be (closed and) bounded.

A: Hint: Consider a sequence $x_n$ such as $|f(x_n)|\to \sup_S |f| $.
detail:
There is a subsequence $y_n$ convergent to a certain $y\in S$.
$$
 \sup_S |f| = \lim |f(x_n)| = \lim |f(y_n)| = |f(\lim y_n)| = |f(y)|<\infty$$
because $|f|$ is sequentially continuous.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In February of 2012 our company, in partnership with Paul Clasby, purchased the land and assets of Yarrow Wood Inc. Jake Weins, also a partner, will continue to manage the business with the high level of proficiency and confidentiality Yarrow Wood has come to be known for. Yarrow Wood now has the security, strength and mandate to continue doing the business that they have built for the foreseeable future. While this mill will run as it always has, providing custom manufacturing capacity to local lumber companies, there will also be some direct benefits to Rielly Lumber.
Rielly Lumber now has increased storage and manufacturing capacity as we grow our stock keeping units of finished products. We also have considerable unused land that we can use for additional, new manufacturing processes. In short, we have secured a physical location where we can grow our business for the next few years. This translates into security and flexibility for our customers going forward.


Professional inline vert skater, athlete mentor and personal trainer.
I started skating when I was 10 years old with my brother and it quickly took over my life. We were skating at every opportunity and went to extreme lengths just to get our fix. By age 15 I was traveling over 460 miles per week by train in order to skate vert as much as possible. In 2004 I qualified on to the ASA Pro Tour by finishing 3rd at the World Amateur Championship in L.A. I have spent the last 11 years since then traveling and skating all over the world performing in displays, competing and riding with like minded people! So far I have spent my life on skates and hope to keep it that way for as long as possible!
To keep improving my skating and having fun in the process.


Few comic book Superheroes grew up in a typical family situation raised by their biological parents - Superman was adopted, Spiderman was raised by his aunt and uncle, and Batman grew up with his butler - yet they all went on to accomplish great things as adults. CASA Child Advocates of Montgomery County, a nonprofit organization that advocates for children who have experienced abuse or neglect, believes that all children deserve the chance to grow up happy and healthy, and they are calling on community "Superheroes" to help them accomplish their mission.
CASA Child Advocates of Montgomery County is hosting the 8th Annual CASA Superhero Run through W.G. Jones State Forest on Saturday, October 28, 2017. This year's event will be held on The Woodlands Christian Academy's campus and features 10K and 5K trail runs through W. G. Jones State Forest, as well as a 1K Fun Run. The event offers complimentary food and drinks for all participants, awards for top runners in the 5K and 10K, finisher medals for every race, and most importantly, lots of Superhero-themed fun for a fantastic cause.
When a child enters the foster care system because his or her home is no longer safe, a judge may appoint a committed volunteer to help them. That volunteer is called a Court Appointed Special Advocate or CASA.
CASA Child Advocates of Montgomery County trains and supports volunteers to represent and advocate for a child's best interest in the child protection system. CASA volunteers serve as the "eyes and ears" for the judge in child welfare cases. This includes researching each child's situation and making objective recommendations to help them reclaim their childhoods from abuse and neglect. CASA volunteers are frequently the only stable presence in these children's lives as they navigate the foster care system.
Last year in Montgomery County, 556 children were served by 236 CASA Advocates – 100% of children in need. It costs $1,500 to provide and advocate for a child for one year. All proceeds from the CASA Superhero Run benefit CASA Child Advocates of Montgomery County and support their mission of continuing to provide an Advocate for every abused child in need.
Whether you are a competitive runner, a casual walker, or just love the idea of supporting a wonderful cause, participating in the CASA Superhero Run allows you to show your support for abused and neglected children right here in Montgomery County. Every child needs a hero...abused children need SUPERHEROES.
For more information, visit www.CASASpeaks4Kids.com, email CASARun@CASASpeaks4Kids.com or call CASA Child Advocates of Montgomery County at 936-441-5437, ext. 214.


Here to mix your next song!
Hey! I'm Kory! I am a professional vocalist and performer. Berklee College of Music graduate. Voice ranges from very soulful to R&B to pop to jazz to country. I sing, write, and arrange lead and background vocals. Write songs from scratch or to a track. Have lots of studio experience. Also love performing! I've written for Kelly Clarkson.
I am Siren, real name Stephen Thomas. I come from an extensive industry background that reaches across a variety of genres and I am dedicated to delivering you exactly what you need for your next single, EP, or album. I am looking forward to working with you!


text:
Aquest article tracta sobre l'operació de repatriació de militars nord-americans després de la fi de la Segona Guerra Mundial. Per a l'operació de rescat de jueus iemenites vegeu Operació Catifa Màgica (Iemen)

L'Operació catifa màgica (Operation magic carpet en anglès) va ser una operació sota la supervisió de l'Administració del transport marítim de guerra (War Shipping Administration o WSA) després de la finalització de la Segona guerra mundial per repatriar el personal militar nord-americà dels teatres d'operacions europeu, pacífic i asiàtic. Centenars de mercants de la classe Liberty i Victory, així com diversos bucs de la US Navy van començar a repatriar soldats des d'Europa al juny de 1945. En el Pacífic les labors de trasllat van començar més tard, a l'octubre de 1945.
La fase europea de l'Operació catifa màgica va concloure al febrer de 1946, mentre que la del Pacífic va continuar fins a setembre de 1946.

Planificació
A mitjans de 1943 l'Exèrcit dels Estats Units va arribar a la conclusió que la principal prioritat una vegada guanyada la guerra seria portar de tornada a les tropes. El nombre de militars nord-americans en ultramar al final de la contesa excedia els 8 milions d'efectius, repartits per tots els teatres d'operacions. El Cap d'Estat Major de l'Exèrcit dels Estats Units, el general George Marshall, va establir comitès per encarar el problema logístic de l'operació i finalment l'organització de l'operació de transport se li va encomanar a l'Administració del transport marítim de guerra.

Europa
La guerra en el Pacífic distava molt d'estar resolta després de la rendició d'Alemanya el 7 de maig de 1945. De fet la batalla de Iwo Jima i la de Okinawa (encara en curs mentre se signava la capitulació general alemanya en Reims) van demostrar el dura i costosa que anava a ser la victòria sobre Japó i en aquesta campanya l'Armada dels Estats Units hauria de tenir un paper crucial. Per aquest motiu la hi va excloure inicialment de l'operació de repatriació europea i tot l'esforç va quedar únicament sota la responsabilitat del US Army i de la marina mercant. A tal fi es va ordenar la immediata conversió en transport de tropes de 300 mercants Liberty i Victory.

El primer viatge transoceànic de repatriació va salpar d'Europa a la fi de juny de 1945 i al novembre d'aquest mateix any es va aconseguir la major xifra de retornats. Mentre que la mitjana d'efectius transportats a Europa des dels Estats Units durant la guerra va ser de 148.000 soldats al mes, els creuers de repatriació van traslladar més de 435.000 soldats al mes durant els 14 mesos que va estar en marxa l'operació.

A mitjan octubre de 1945 la US Navy va donar a l'operació el novíssim portaavions USS Lake Champlain (CV-39), equipat amb 3.300 lliteres, i al novembre se li va unir el cuirassat USS Washington (BB-56). A hores d'ara l'esforç logístic de l'operació requeria l'ús de més de 400 bucs, alguns amb capacitat per transportar només 300 soldats i uns altres, com els grans transatlàntics, capaços d'albergar més de 15.000 Així mateix es van habilitar 29 bucs per repatriar el gairebé mig milió de dones que s'havien casat amb soldats nord-americans durant la guerra i 48 vaixells hospital en els quals van embarcar centenars de milers de ferits.

La travessia atlàntica no era unidireccional. Des dels Estats Units van tornar a Europa en aquests mateixos vaixells mig milió de ex-presoners de guerra alemanys i italians

Àsia i el Pacífic

Després de la rendició del Japó, l'armada va començar a repatriar als seus mariners i als soldats membres del cos de marines. El vice-almirall Forrest Sherman va partir de la Badia de Tòquio a principis de setembre de 1945 amb els cuirassats USS New Mexico (BB-40), USS Idaho (BB-42), USS Mississippi (BB-41) i USS North Carolina (BB-55), juntament amb dos portaavions i un esquadró de destructors totalment plens amb soldats de retorn a casa.

L'armada havia reconvertit ràpidament molts dels seus vaixells de guerra en transports provisionals, incloent diversos portaavions en els quals es van instal·lar lliteres en els hangars per proporcionar allotjament a un parell de milers de soldats amb unes condicions de comoditat molt limitada. En total la flota va reunir 369 vaixells entre els quals es trobaven 6 cuirassats, 18 creuers, 57 portaavions i 12 vaixells hospital.

A l'octubre de 1945 l'operació catifa màgica funcionava a plena capacitat a tot el món amb l'esforç conjunt de l'exèrcit, l'armada i l'Administració del transport marítim de guerra. En el Pacífic es va aconseguir la xifra més alta de repatriats al desembre d'aquest any, amb gairebé 700.000 retornats.
Finalment, a l'abril de 1946, van tornar 200.000 soldats del sud-est asiàtic (procedents de la Xina, Birmània i Índia) i al setembre arrivó l'últim transport del teatre del Pacífic.

Pont aeri
El Comandament de transport aeri (Air transport command, ATC) de la USAF i el Servei naval de transport aeri (Naval air transport service, NATS) de la US Navy van participar activament i van acumular milions d'hores de vol durant l'operació, encara que a causa de la reduïda capacitat dels seus aparells el nombre total de repatriats és minúscul, sobretot si es compara amb les xifres aconseguides amb el transport marítim.

Referències

Bibliografia
 Gault, Owen (setembre 2005),Challenge Publications.

1945 als Estats Units
1946 als Estats Units
Segona Guerra Mundial

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Michael Farrell – From Ballymacoda to the Crimean War
The Crimean War, in which the Russian Empire fought against an alliance of France, England, the Ottoman Empire and later the Kingdom of Sardinia between 1853 and 1856 was notable for a number of reasons. It has become known as the first modern global war, even often referred to as 'World War Zero'. It was also known as the first 'media war' – in that there was widespread coverage in newspapers of the day, and huge interest amongst the general population. It is estimated that approximately 30,000 Irishmen fought in the conflict, and one of those was Michael Farrell from Ballymacoda.
Michael Farrell was born in Ballymacoda on January 8th 1835. After schooling he worked as a laborer for a period before signing up to the British Army on October 8th 1852 in Cork city, aged just 17. Michael initially served in 99th Lanarkshire Regiment, before being transferred to the 77th East Middlesex Regiment, serving with the rank of Private and carrying regimental number 2856.
In September 1854, after Britain had declared war on Russia, the 77th East Middlesex Regiment was sent to serve in Turkey and then Crimea, the British forces fighting alongside their allies from the French and Turkish armies. The 77th saw action fighting at the Battle of the Alma (September 1854), the Battle of Inkerman (November 1854) and the Siege of Sevastopol (October 1854 – September 1855). Michael Farrell was injured twice at the Siege of Sevastopol during 1855. His first wounding occurred on July 25th, and was minor. But on August 28th he was wounded by shell fragments which required the amputation of two fingers on his left hand. The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1856, brought an end to the Crimean War.
After the returning from the war, records show that Michael Farrell was discharged from the British Army at Chatham in Kent, on January 22nd 1856, having served just over three years. He was still a young man, aged just 21. For his service in the war, Michael Farrell was awarded the Crimea War Medal, a silver medal containing a bar for each of the battles he had been involved in. He was also awarded a pension of 8d. per diem (8 pence a day), which was to later increase to 9d. per diem in 1874, and 18d. per diem in 1903.
The Crimea War Medal. Bars for the battles of Alma, Inkerman and Sevastopol are visible at the top
The following year, having returned to Ireland, Michael married Catherine O'Brien, a native of Cappaquin, Co. Waterford. In 1858, Michael signed up to the Enrolled Pensioner Force (also known as the Pensioner Guards). This force consisted entirely of discharged soldiers on a pension, who would travel working as guards on prison ships bound for Western Australia. For Michael and his young wife, this meant free passage to Australia, and the added benefit of being eligible for a land grant in Western Australia after seven years of service had been completed.
Michael and Catherine were assigned to the convict ship the Edwin Fox, which coincidentally had been chartered by the British government to transport troops between Calais and the Baltic during the Crimean War.
The Edwin Fox left Plymouth on August 26th 1858 under Captain John Ferguson. Its destination was the Swan River Colony in Western Australia (what we know as Perth today). In addition to its convict cargo of 280, it carried 82 passengers including Michael and Catherine Farrell and 30 other men and their spouses of the Enrolled Pensioner Force. The ship arrived in Fremantle on November 20th 1858 after a voyage of 86 days.
The Edwin Fox, the ship on which Michael and Catherine Farrell emigrated to Western Australia. Today it is on display in Picton, New Zealand as a tourist attraction
Michael and Catherine settled in the town of Geraldton about 400km North of Fremantle, and he continued his work in the Enrolled Pensioner Force as a Prison Warder. They had at least ten children: Mary Jane (born 1859), Michael Jr. (born 1862), Margaret (born 1864), Ellen (born 1866), Edward (born 1869), William (born 1871), Mary Ann (born 1874), Lancelot (born 1876), Patrick (born 1876), and Katherine (born 1885).
In 1868, Michael Farrell was awarded a land grant at the Greenough Flats, just South of Geraldton. According to the records he was awarded locations 'G36' & 'G37', comprising of 20 acres each. Records indicate that this may have been a partial grant/purchase, in that Michael paid for a portion of the land in addition to the grant awarded as part of his earlier work in the Enrolled Pensioner Force.
Excerpt from the land grant awarded to Michael Farrell
Michael worked farming this land at Greenough for a period, but there is evidence he later worked as a lead miner which was a prevalent industry in the area. This may be because of some of the natural disasters that impacted the Greenough Flats in the ensuing years. Located on a flood plain, the flats were more susceptible to these events, and a major cyclone in 1872 and major flooding in 1888 contributed to the gradual decline in the number of settlers in the area.
Michael Farrell died in 1914 in Geraldton, a long way from his place of birth. In his life had been a soldier in the Crimean War, a guard on a prison ship bound for Australia, a farmer, and a lead miner. Catherine died 2 years later in 1916.
News of Catherine Farrell's death, carried in the Geraldton Guardian, January 13th 1916
The thousands of descendants of Michael Farrell from Ballymacoda and his wife Catherine continue to live in Western Australia, and I wonder if they know of the village in East Cork where their ancestor came from?
Crimean War Veterans in Western Australia, Record for Michael Farrell
UK, Royal Hospital, Chelsea: Pensioner Soldier Service Records, 1760-1920
UK, Royal Hospital, Chelsea: Regimental Registers of Pensioners, 1713-1882
Enrolled Pensioner Force, Western Australia
Enrolled Pensioner Force, Western Australia, Record for Michael Farrell
The Edwin Fox Ship and Visitor Centre
Australia, Birth Index, 1788-1922
Western Australian Pioneer Index, 1841-1905
Pensioner Land Records, Government of Western Australia, Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries
Wikipedia Entry for Greenough, Western Australia
Posted on 29 May 2022 21 December 2022 Author Jimmy CollinsCategories Australia, Crimean War, Emigration, Michael Farrell
2 thoughts on "Michael Farrell – From Ballymacoda to the Crimean War"
Richard Damian Farrell says:
This is an excellent account and wonderful to find. I am one of Michael's great-great grandsons, and had the pleasure of visiting Ballymacoda in my youthful travels back in 1989 – we knew from family records that he cited it as his birth place.
I was struck by the sheer lush green of the countryside – it must have been a harsh shock and challenge for him to adjust to farming in the relatively arid brown land in the Midwest of WA.
Ancestral research has come along way since then. The above account is consistent with what we understood up to the mid-1880s. There is some controversy about his movements after then, and some question about whether he remained in Geraldton or whether he left WA in his later years, dying interstate.
Jimmy Collins says:
Hi Richard, thanks for the comment, and greetings from Ballymacoda. I recently received a copy of the land grand awarded to Michael also, after requesting from the State Records Office of Western Australia. I've just updated the article with an excerpt of this also. Interesting that you say there is controversy over whether Michael remained in Geraldton or not.
Previous Previous post: Searching for Missing Friends: Ballymacoda Emigrant Advertisements in the Boston Pilot
Next Next post: A Snapshot of Ballymacoda from 1942

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


So I am now confining myself to my room, to abandon all the noises and disturbances outside that steal my attention and disrupt my concentration. Now, let me see, there is a blog to work on, there are health books to review, there are 'informative' articles to write, anything that deals with health. One thing I found : the art of movement is important in this stage of my life. In my younger years I always thought that exercise, for it to be so, requires me to sweat and grunt and break some old time personal bests. As I am now in the middle of the golden years of life, I am slowly realizing that an activity doesn't have to be a grunt work, all it needs is movement.
Exercise remains a must, especially the one that gets you to age-appropriate max heart rate. However, studies upon studies have suggested that over the top exercises done constantly can be detrimental to health. Usually heavy-duty work outs don't succeed much anyway. Soon you'd be confronted by the boredom of monotony especially when confined in a monochromatic gym. If injury doesn't hit you first.
The Baby Boomer (birth year 1946-1964) are rapidly becoming a large consumer of the nation's health care cost.
In 1996, boomers started turning age 50 at 10000 per day. In 2006, they turned 60 at 10000 per day. Boomers represent 12 percent of the population but they take 25% of physician office visits, 34% of pharmacy cost, 38% of ER responses. A whopping 78 million Americans will retire by 2030.
Consider the health care cost for retirees. Life expectancy for females in US is now 81 with the last nine years of those unhealthy. For males, it is 76 with the last nine years of those unhealthy. We talk about hospitalizations, surgeries, chemos, accidents/falls, nursing home confinements etcetera.
The most common surgeries for baby boomers are total knee and hip replacements, coronary artery bypass and stents, diabetes and dialysis, heart attacks and strokes, spinal surgeries.
The question really is this: Given that most of these ailments are lifestyle and habit driven, [versus genetic-driven] it may be prudent to pay attention to things we can do to proactively avoid or minimize them. I have been trumpeting the importance of healthy lifestyle in this web site and I certainly do my best to practice it but I do it so because I am exposed to the devastation of illness everyday in my hospital work. A lot of people don't have that exposure. How many stroke victims do you encounter everyday? Lung cancer, amputations, heart attacks, broken bones? Majority of people haven't even seen an unhealthy person in their well-shielded lives. Not with me. I see them everyday. I can see the darkness of hospital beds with eyes staring endlessly at the ceiling and listening to the ticking of the clock. I see it in the smell of a Nursing Home and the eternal nothingness surrounded by people on wc all seemingly waiting for their deaths. I see it in the eyes of family members afraid of the new burdens they have to carry and the need to alter their lifestyles to accommodate that burden. I see it all the time and yes, it also frightens me.
My personal philosophy is - I don't want to regret that if I only did this and that, I won't get sick. I don't want to say "if I only stopped smoking", or "if I only listened to my Doctor", or "if I only visited my MD earlier", of "if I only took my medicines as prescribed", or " if I only exercised, quit drinking, avoided stress" and so forth I'd have a good quality of life right now. No I don't want to go through that miserable existence. And so far, despite my diabetes, I have no health-related regrets at all. Banning any uncontrolled circumstances, I feel quite healthy if being sick-free is the main criteria. My life is not one hundred percent disciplined but it is not careless either. I have decided, when I reached forty, that my life will embark on a healthy lifestyle, following well-established guidelines set by experts. I quit 10 year smoking, trained for half marathons, avoided alcohol and made it my quest to maintain a BMI score that's appropriate for my built via correct dieting. Of course I did not achieve the BMI goal but I did well with the rest. And despite all that, I was diagnosed with Diabetes type 2 when I reached 50. I was always aware that diabetes is probably one of the conditions I have to face in my future as half of my family have it. It came as a surprise though because I was hoping my healthy lifestyle would have protected me. Well, my genetics did not.
But with medications, exercise and dieting, I seem to have a good control over it.
And let me tell you this: It is not easy. Being conscious of numbers and right food choices and proper exercise everyday can be daunting. It could be frustrating too when I thought I've done well but the numbers didn't agree. So I constantly return to my drawing board to re-map my whole lifestyle program. And despite all the pitfalls, I feel I am within the required numbers I need to maintain.
And because I am a Physical Therapist by profession, I am becoming more and more empathetic with my patients who suffer complications because of uncontrolled blood sugar and concomitantly, high blood pressure and cholesterol. It is also quite surprising how many of them know virtually nothing about controlling their numbers.
It is really simple yet challenging. But it is a must to find ways, even experiment, to determine that personal fine line between controlled and uncontrolled numbers. And because I am using my body as my only laboratory, I can share what worked for me so far - and what did not. Medications are a given, once you take them as prescribed, you are halfway successful already. The challenge really are in diet and exercise.
Dieting is a personal preference. What I find effective for me may not work for the person next door. But the basic principles I follow are - reduced carbs, good proteins, more veggies, avoidance of hunger and starvation, and most of all, correct timing of food intake. Usually I splurge in the morning, take moderate lunch and minimum dinner ( taken before 7 pm preferably). Again I was not perfect in this arena.
The exercise part is what I have quite discovered somewhat interesting - and this is due partly to age-factor. One thing missing in today's health information and data is the paucity of literature about exercising beyond 50. Most health book bestsellers assume everyone is about to peak in their prime years. They usually appear to address a younger audience and very little detail shared with those over 50. Worse, they have a brief warning at times such as, 'Don't attempt this when over fifty or worse, do less of this and more of this when over fifty.' I wish we have more and more exercise literature and research for much older boomer generation.
Meanwhile, this is what I found: Exercise does not need to be vigorous to be considered exercise. Exercise is much less monotonous when you block the youthful exercisers around you and establish your own pace, cadence, style, techniques commensurate to your age and to your liking. Gone are my days when I buy gadgets to measure improvements every time I work out. Gone are my days reading the latest books on improving speed, improving strides and frequency of leg turnovers. For what? Self satisfaction maybe. Bragging rights maybe. I never succeeded anyway though not in a frustrating way. I was just so happy I was able to run at least 11 half marathons in my lifetime.
I am completely changed in my approach to exercise at my age. I am finally realizing that exercise is not a race but an enjoyment/leisure to splurge on. I still run albeit slower but enjoyable while listening to an audio book imagining someone is running beside me while telling his story. I do other activities that I did not even consider as exercise in my younger years. Like brisk walking or gardening or bicycling around the neighborhood. I realized these can be considered exercises as well. And with weights, I pretty much limit them to comfortable levels (without grunts) to maintain tone and definition. As far as I am concerned, exercise can be a simple movement that is sustained for a long period and if you really want to keep it beneficial, I make sure my activity involves the larger muscles - quads, has, gastrocs, lats, shoulders, core and back. These utilize more energy and can easily help you reduce weight quicker while improving body definition at the same time.
I will talk more about other age-appropriate activities in my upcoming blogs.


text:
Дючери є найближчими сусідами даурів. Російські землепрохідці називали їх «осілими тунгусами». Дючери займались скотарством, землеробством.
Євгенія Павлівна Деревянко у 1977 році вперше дослідила дючерський пам'ятник-могильник у с. Саратовка Амурської області. Район Приамур'я, який займали дючери у пізньому середньовіччі, досить широкий. Це території уздовж Амура до Уссурі і навіть трохи нижче по річці. На півночі вони перетиналися із даурами, з якими мали тісний зв'язок.

Чим відрізняються культури даурів та дючерів? Своєрідність культури дючерів виявлялась у традиціях архітектури фортифікаційних споруд. Дючери будували захищені, досить масштабні городища. Наприклад, периметр Гродековської фортеці приблизно 3 кілометри. Дючери не будували фортець, як показували дослідження, жили у великих городищах, які зводилися ще мохезцями, лише поновлюючи їх. Гродековська фортеця була заснована ще на рубежі 1-2 тисячоліття і існувала до середини 17 століття. Дючери покинули фортецю приблизно після 1654 року, коли за наказом маньчжурської влади із Приамур'я було виведено усе місцеве населення. Але місто було пустим недовго, приблизно до 80х років 17 століття було створено вже нове маньчжурське поселення., яке стало пунктом боротьби з руськими у Приамур'ї.

Дючерська культура відноситься до пізнього середньовіччя і хронологічно виділяється з 12 століття. До цього періоду на Середньому Амурі існувала інша культура — амурських чжурчженів. Але межу між даними культурами провести неможливо.

Основним заняттям дючерів було землеробство. На Амурі вирощували пшеницю, ячмінь, овес, гречку, просо. Врожайність була досить високою. Зерно зберігали в будинках, а також у особливих ямах, які були вириті в полях. Маючи ручні млини, дючери платили данину борошном. Із зерна робили вино. Для землеробства дючери використовували биків, тримали свійських тварин. Землю оброблювали дерев'яною сохою, використовували серпи та коси. Вирощували мак, часник, огірки, бобові, дині та кавуни. У садах вирощували яблука, груші, ліщину та горіхи. Тримали коней та биків. Досить багато вирощували свиней, це є особливістю даного регіону.

Також дючери займались мисливством та рибальством. Капкани та сильця під час полювання не використовували. Рибу виловлювали сітками. Дючери носили халати, які закривалися на праву сторону, з бронзовими або кістяними ґудзиками. Використовували гаптовані пояси. Любили скляні намистини та намисто, сережки у вигляді знаку питання із намистинами. Носили також нашивки, виконані із срібла або бронзи. Також у вигляді прикрас використовували монети. Особливо були популярними браслети із заліза, які жінки носили найчастіше на ногах.

Із ремесел популярність отримали обробка чорних та кольорових металів. Також займалися деревообробкою, про це свідчать знахідки у могилах у вигляді дощок та плах. Інколи дючери платили данину маньчжурському богдихану пиломатеріалами. Знали дючери також і кам'яне будівництво.
Дючери торгували з маньчжурами, купуючи у них дорогу тканину, срібло, мідь та олово, в свою чергу пропонували хутро та хліб.

Історія
З відки прийшли Даури?

Володимирівська культура є культурною спільністю, яка утворилася в результаті культурного злиття двох етносів.
Більшість учених вважає, що в період, який передує пізньому середньовіччю, на Амурі жили тунгусоязичні Мохе, а потім їх нащадки чжурчжени. Розкопки пам'яток Владимировскої культури підтвердили цю точку зору. Вони показали, з одного боку, спадкоємність традицій, а з іншого, появу нових культурних елементів, які не зустрічалися до XIII ст. на Амурі. Носіями монгольських традицій могли бути тільки Даури — народ, що мігрував в Приамур'ї. Про Амурське походження дауров писали ще дослідники ХІХ ст. Л. І. Шренк, П. І. Кафаров, а пізніше В. І. Огородніков, Г. С. Новіков-Даурський.
Коли і чому Даури прийшли в Приамур'я? Приблизний час приходу даурів датується XIII ст. Місцевістю, звідки почалася міграція, ймовірно, слід вважати територію сучасної Монголії і Забайкалля. Важче встановити причини, що спонукали цілий народ проробити такий тривалий шлях. З цього приводу існують лише гіпотези. Перша — політична, висловлена Р. К. Мааком і Л. І. Шренком. Вони припустили, що Даури на Амур прийшли під час війни монголів Чингіз-хана з імперією чжурчженей або відразу після неї і були монгольськими окупаційними військами. Друга гіпотеза — соціальна. На рубежі I і II тис. у монголів зароджується соціальна нерівність, обумовлене перерозподілом пасовищ серед споріднених племен і захопленням їх більш сильними колективами. Слабкі племена виявилися без угідь і були змушені мігрувати.
Наступну точку зору можна назвати екологічною версією. На початку II тисячоліття змінився клімат, він став більш сухим і холодним. «Велика суша» позбавила вологи пасовища Центральної Азії і привела в рух механізм міграцій скотарських племен в суміжні країни з великими низинами, де ще тривалий час зберігалися рясні трави.

Таким чином, Даури — народ, що прийшов на Амур в перших століттях II тисячоліття, були осілими скотарями і землеробами. Аналіз територіально-політичної обстановки в Приамур'ї напередодні російської експансії в спеціальній літературі зазвичай представлений у стислій формі. Між тим, проживавші тут племена стояли на різних рівнях соціальної організації. Крім того, саме вони протягом довгого часу були тими територіально-політичними суб'єктами, які грали спочатку вирішальну, а потім — важливу роль у формуванні територіально-політичної обстановки в Приамур'ї.
Сформована тут до середини XVII ст. картина етно-племінного розмежування цілком піддається реконструкціі. У більшості, відомі як лінгвістична приналежність, так і ареали розміщення місцевих соціумов. Взявши за основу такі критерії, як внутрішня організаційна зрілість і спеціалізація систем господарювання, Приамурських аборигенів можна умовно розділити на кілька добре помітних груп.

Перша група включала найбільш розвинені за місцевими мірками осілі спільноти даурів і дючерів. Основу їх економіки становили землеробство і тваринництво. Державності вони не мали, і до середини XVII ст. знаходилися на стадії утворення племінних конфедерацій, але процес просування до створення державності проглядався у них досить чітко. У кожному з даурских або дючерских кланів склався інститут спадкової влади військово-цивільних вождів. Причому вона була оформлена настільки рельєфно, що в китайських, маньчжурських і російських текстах цих лідерів іменували не інакше, як «князями». Деякі з них у своєму розпорядженні великими збройними силами. І хоча дані «князівства» були незалежні один від одного, очевидно, що між ними існували консультативні відносини — на це вказують багато з відомих для того часу подій.

Монголоязичні Даури займали більшу частину Амуро-Зейской і Середньо-Амурської рівнин аж до Малого Хінгану на південному сході. Швидше за все, вони були нащадками залишених для вартової служби воїнів. Тим не менш, користуючись тією ж мовою, що і монголи, осілі Даури в XVII ст. чітко відокремлювали себе від своїх лінгвістичних родичів-кочівників.

Зайнята територія надавала їм хороші шанси для подальшого розвитку. Стрижневе розміщення їх в межиріччі таких важливих комунікативних ліній регіону, як Амур, Зея і Бурея, сприяло розвитку внутрішніх зв'язків. Станове нагір'я з заходу, а Великий і Малий Хінган — з півдня служили природним захистом від монгольських набігів.

Ці вигоди у географічному положенні, відносна численність і досить високий рівень додержавної організованості сприяли перетворенню даурів до XVII сторіччя у вирішальну політичну силу Приамур'я. Вектор їх інтересів природним чином був орієнтований вниз за течією Амура — в тому напрямку, просування по якому було найбільш полегшено в комунікаційному відношенні і яке найбільшою мірою приваблювало їх економічно.
Прямих територіальних придбань даурська конфедерація до середини XVII ст. зробити не встигла — для цього їй не вистачило такого вирішального чинника, як внутрішня політична єдність. Але, судячи з усього, цьому об'єднанню вдалося встановити сюзеренітет над сусідніми дючерами — ті безперешкодно пропускали через свої землі даурські торговельні каравани і військові загони, а в прийнятті зовнішньополітичних рішень вони орієнтувалися на даурів.

Сфера інтересів даурської конфедерації тягнулася до Нижнього Амура. Тут її купці вели торгівлю з місцевими племенами, збуваючи їм борошно, зерно, шкіри, металеві вироби, і отримуючи натомість, в основному, хутро. Судячи з усього, вигоди цього обороту були настільки очевидні, що до середини XVII ст. серед даурских «князів» визріла ідея звернути мешканців Нижнього Приамур'я в васалів і примусити до виплати данини.
Реалізація цього задуму зіткнулася з опором. У результаті, 1640 р. об'єднані сили даурів скоїли проти них великий похід. І хоча ця акція виявилася невдалою, вона стала значною військовою демонстрацією, що показала місцевим племенам, хто є реальним претендентом на політичне панування у всьому Приамур'ї.

Дючери розселялися вздовж обох берегів Середнього Амура від Малого Хінгану до гирла Уссурі. Найімовірніше, вони складалися в прямійу етно-лінгвістичній спорідненость з древнім тунгусоязичним населенням цієї території. Загальний рівень їх соціально-політичної організованості і господарська спеціалізація були, в цілому, схожі з такими у даурів.
Розміщення дючерів при злитті трьох великих річок (Амура, Сунгарі, Уссурі) перетворювало їх на важливий вузол регіональних торговельних зв'язків. По ній проходив шлях з Даурії на Нижнє Приамур'я, а з верхів'я Сунгарі сюди потрапляли трофеї, захоплені чжурчженями в Китаї і Кореї, але більш істотним було те, що на землю дючерів стікалася значна частина хутра, видобутої на Буреінской хребті, Нижньому Амурі і північно- заході Сіхоте-Аліна. Далі, пройшовши через руки дючерских купців, вона потрапляла до посередників, і слідувала в Китай і Корею.
Таким чином, володіння дючерів мали вигідне географічне положення, але вони були відносно невеликі за розмірами, і тому їх господарі змушені були миритися з більш-менш вираженими елементами підпорядкування Даурії.

Культура

Мова і традиції
Мова даурів складається з трьох діалектів — бутега, квіквіхар, хінянг. Письмової мови вони не мали. Протягом доби правління династії Квінг вони використовували мову Манчу як письмову. Релігія даурів — шаманізм. На 16 день першого місяця даури проводять спеціальний обряд — день чорного ясена. Цього дня молодь використовує попіл із дна каструлі для того, щоб забруднити обличчя один одного, допоки вони не стануть чорними. Найбільш вагоме свято для даурів — це свято Весни. Протягом цього свята народ готує смачні страви, відвідують своїх родичів та друзів. Протягом свята вони масово танцюють. Жінки грають на музичному інструменті під назвою «макуліан». Все це свято триває до 15 січня. Даури мають багатий репертуар народних танців, які вони люблять виконувати під час фестивалів. Участь жінок в хоровому співі, володіння музичним інструментом називається «мукуліан». Чоловіки грають на аналогічних інструментах, але жінки є більш досвідченими гравцями. Даурський народ відомий своєю хоробрістю. Вони займаються верховою їздою, стрільбою та мисливством. Їх улюблений вид спорту — хокей на полі.

Літературні надбання
Даурська народна література в основному базується на спостереженнях за природою, але вона також містить безліч легенд і байок. Однією з найпопулярніших історій є «Молодий стійкий Дай-фу». У ньому розповідається про боротьбу даурів проти національного гноблення і їх феодальних правителів у другій половині 19-го століття. Також відомим серед даурів є розповідь «Ахлабудан», «Пісня про чотири пори року» і «Пісня відмови від пиття». Відомі також розповіді адаптовані з класичних китайських романів. Найсучасніші твори — письменника на ім'я Цінь Тонгпу, такі як «Пісня фермера», «Пісня рибака» і «Пісня лісопромисловців». Даури плекають любов до поезії, яку вони складають у декількох унікальних віршованих формах. У довгі зимови вечори вони читають літературу усно, розгадують загадки, читають прислів'я, займаються ремеслами та вишивкою. Поруч із похованими кладуть прикраси, курильні трубки, посуд, а іноді і вбитих коней.

Традиційний одяг
Влітку чоловіки носять шиті накидки та обмотують голову білою тканиною, носять капелюхи. Взимку вони носять шапки із шерсті оленів або з хутра лисиці, також носять шкіряне взуття. Жінки носять вбрання переважно блакитного кольору. На сукнях відсутні пояси. Вони не носять короткий одяг, а взимку вдягають шкіряне взуття.

Промисловість
Сьогодні промисловий розвиток прийшов і до даурів. Фабрики виробляють хімічні добрива, двигуни та трансформатори. Освіта також почала вхожити в життя народності. Майже всі діти відвідують початкові школи, а старші діти навчаються у школах та коледжах.

Посилання
 сайт про дючерів

Народи Росії
Народи Сибіру
Народи Півночі
Зниклі народи Росії


PRO series adopt DLP light curing technology of high resolution, specially designed for jewelry industry, mainly used for masterpiece making, DIY jewelry design, jewelry casting, hot/cold mold vulcanizing and quantity production. PRO series has advantage of high accuracy, large printing area, high working efficiency, stable working, low cost of working consumables.
The machines are widely used in medical, industrial design, jewelry, art and creative fields.


Who's super excited for the final season of game of thrones? Here is My Jon Snow portrait sculpt I have been working on for a while in my free times. I did the Sculpt, texture and render in Zbrush and used Photoshop to composite my render passes and final adjustments. Hand sculpted portrait and hand painted textures. Hope you like it, cheers.


text:
Borówek – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie lubelskim, w powiecie krasnostawskim, w gminie Żółkiewka.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość administracyjnie należała do województwa zamojskiego.

Wieś stanowi sołectwo gminy Żółkiewka. Według Narodowego Spisu Powszechnego (III 2011 r.) wieś liczyła 122 mieszkańców.

Przez miejscowość przebiega droga wojewódzka nr 842.

Przez miejscowość przepływa rzeka Żółkiewka, zaś sama miejscowość położona jest nad łąkami. Jeszcze niedawno funkcjonował tam skup buraków cukrowych. Obecnie we wsi uprawiana jest głównie pszenica i rzepak. Na terenie miejscowości znajduje się także cmentarz parafialny. Do Żółkiewki jest 7 km, a do Krasnegostawu 21 km.

W czerwcu 1946 roku we wsi Borówek odbyło się pierwsze powojenne zgromadzenie Świadków Jehowy z udziałem 1500 osób. Chrzest odbył się w sąsiedniej wsi Poperczyn, w rzece Żółkiewce. Przyjęło go 260 osób.

Przypisy

Żółkiewka (gmina)


text:
MARGARET MARSHALL LAUNCHES SONGBIRD ALBUM: PREVIOUSLY UNRELEASED RECORDINGS FROM THE 1970s
Scottish lyric soprano Margaret Marshall presents Songbird – an album of previously unpublished recordings, released on 1 December 2020. Songbird features music by Purcell, J.S. Bach, Handel, Mozart and Finzi, all recorded by German radio networks in the 1970s.
Songbird offers a unique document of the early years of Margaret Marshall's career immediately after she won the 1974 Munich ARD International Music Competition. It is a testament to one of the late Twentieth Century's most outstanding lyric sopranos, bearing witness to the vocal agility, purity and depth of musicianship for which she become renowned:
1. Purcell: The Blessed Virgin's Expostulation
2. J. S. Bach: Non sa che sia dolore, BWV 209
3. Handel: Guardian Angels, from The Triumph of Time & Truth, HWV 71
4. Mozart: Ah' lo Previdi - ah t'invola agl'occhi miei, K 272
5. Finzi: Dies Natalis [1]
Margaret Marshall comments: 'I'm thrilled that Songbird has been released digitally. I retired from professional singing fifteen years ago and never imagined I would be releasing 'new' music. But thanks to wonderfully supportive friends, here it is! Alongside music by Purcell, J.S. Bach, Handel and Mozart – composers and works I loved to sing – is Finzi's beautiful Dies Natalis, best known for tenors but also a wonderful sing for sopranos.'
Miss Marshall shares her experience of singing these works on her new website www.margaretmarshallsongbird.com
Margaret Marshall is one of the finest discoveries of recent years. A perfect technique carries this radiant voice, more varied in colour than some of her world-famous colleagues, full of life and energy, of exquisite expression where the vocalisation pours forth inner enchantment and surpasses technical virtuosity.[2]
[1] 1 and 4: Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Mosche Atzmon and Hanns-Martin Schneidt; 2: Deutsche Radio Philharmonie Saarbrücken Kaiserslautern, Hans Zender; 3. NDR Elbphilharmonie Orkester; Günther Weissenborn: 5. Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr
[2] J.S. Bach, Easter Oratorio, Kurt Redel (conductor), Le Monde, 20 April 1976
Download and Streaming Links
iTunes / Apple Music:
https://music.apple.com/album/songbird/1539191858
https://open.spotify.com/album/5qki84zHdPQ0iYmrE7C57R
Deezer:
https://deezer.page.link/ay8APAEKm8eBGB1SA
Qobuz:
https://www.qobuz.com/gb-en/album/songbird-margaret-marshall/oy1y55nywy5mb
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_m--osPMbbQ3hv-Xhj5DG55dFvnU-crcGU
Press and radio inquiries to Ulysses Arts via our 'Contact Us' details below.
ANTOINE PRÉAT LAUNCHES FIRST SOLO PIANO ALBUM POLYPHONY ON 15 JANUARY 2021
Click above to download on iTunes or stream on Apple Music
Ulysses Arts launches Franco-Belgian pianist Antoine Préat's first solo album, Polyphony, on 15 January 2021, with music by J.S. Bach, Chopin and Scriabin. Polyphony follows Antoine's debut recording of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No.31, Op.110, released by Ulysses Arts in June 2020.
J.S. Bach, Toccata in C Minor, BWV 911
Chopin,Polonaise-Fantaisie, Op. 61
Scriabin, Sonate-Fantaisie, Op. 19
Antoine comments: 'Born into a Baroque-fanatic family in Paris, I grew up immersed in the sound of the 'cello and harpsichord. I have always been intrigued by polyphonic music, with deep emotion contained within a perfectly assembled puzzle. I started this theme with Beethoven's Op.110; my debut album of Bach, Chopin and Scriabin continues this exploration of intricate polyphony in the solo piano repertoire.'
Download Polyphony oniTunes
or stream on Apple Music
https://music.apple.com/album/polyphony/1544832100
Antoine Préat
Described by Radio France as 'one of the most gifted pianists of the younger generation' and as 'a young artist with a distinctive voice', Franco-Belgian pianist Antoine Préat is establishing himself as a soloist and chamber musician.
Since his orchestral debut at 17, playing Rachmaninov's Piano Concerto No.2 with the Orchestra of Alicante, Antoine has performed with The Tonerl Chamber Orchestra, Sainsbury Soloists, Academy Festival Orchestra, London Student Orchestra and Resonate Chamber Ensemble.
Winner of Making Music's Philip and Dorothy Green Award 2020, and recently appointed City Music Foundation Artist 2020, Antoine performs regularly in Europe and the United States in halls such as the Salle Cortot, Salle Gaveau, Wigmore Hall, Thayer Hall, Paris Beaux Arts Museum and Frederyk Chopin Institute. His performances have been broadcast by the BBC, Scala Radio and France Musique.
Performance highlights include festivals such as the Nohant Chopin Festival, Lisztomanias, Chopin à Bagatelle, Les Concerts d'Esther, Marathon Chopin, Les Nuits du Piano in Paris, IMS Prussia Cove, Encuentro de Santander. An avid chamber musician, Antoine was the youngest artist invited to join the Centre de Musique de Chambre de Paris, directed by Jérôme Pernoo, with whom he gave a concert series at the Salle Cortot sponsored by Deutsche Gramophone. He has been a finalist or prizewinner in numerous competitions such as the Ettlingen Competition for Young Pianists, Concours International de la Ville de Gagny, Concours international d'Ile de France and received an honour prize at the New York Début Piano Competition.
Having completed his postgraduate course with honours at the Ecole Normale de Paris with Ludmilla Berlinskaia and Guigla Katsrava, Antoine continued his studies at the Royal Academy of Music with Tatiana Sarkissova and Christopher Elton, receiving a Master of Arts and the DipRam, its highest qualification.
To enrich his understanding of the instrument and its repertoire, Antoine began to study fortepiano and period instruments with Carole Cerasi at the Royal Academy and has also been guided from artists such as Andreas Staier, Tobias Koch, Philippe Cassard, Alberta Alexandrescu, Robert Levin, Jerome Lowenthal, Richard Goode, Imogen Cooper and Stephen Hough.
Antoine is supported by The City Music Foundation, Talent Unlimited, Hattori Foundation and Making Music.
BÜYÜKADA ENSEMBLE RELEASES FIRST RECORDING FROM SEPTEMBER 2020 LIVE BROADCAST - WARLOCK CAPRIOL SUITE ON 18 DECEMBER
Click above to download on iTunes
The Büyükada Ensemble releases its first recording, made from its IBB TV live broadcast in September 2020, with Warlock's Capriol Suite, on 18 December. Comprising members of the Turkish National Youth Philharmonic Orchestra and musicians from the UK and Germany, the Ensemble's recording is conducted by James Ross.
Download the recording on iTunes at https://music.apple.com/album/warlock-capriol-suite-ep/1542085175
The Büyükada Ensemble's live broadcast was supported by the European Union Delegation to Turkey, Adalar Municipality and Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.
Further recordings from the live broadcast, including Debussy, Danse Sacrée et danse profane with soloist Yonca Atar, and Saygun Allegretto from the Solo 'Cello Partita with Lale Efendiev, will be released in 2021.
Recording Engineer: Kıvılcım Konca
Mastering and Post-Production: John Croft - http://chiaro-audio.uk


text:
Spring/Summer Sports
Like what you see? Interested in advertising? Send us an email at info@bpsportsniagara.com and we'll be in touch with some great options!
BP Sports Niagara
Baseball Basketball Soccer
Inside baseball: A tough way to go out
By Bill Potrecz
- July 8, 2020
There will be no minor baseball in Niagara this summer. Photo by CHARLIE MARTIN. The end came in the form of an e-mail. It wasn't unexpected, but it hurt just...
Jackman commits to NCCC
Will Jackman has come a long way in a relatively short period of time. The 19-year-old Niagara Falls native always possessed a good deal of natural talent, and over his...
Inside baseball: Memories of the Stompers and Baby Jays
It's almost impossible to fathom it has been 20 years since the St. Catharines Stompers left town. George Taylor Field, formerly Merritton Community Park, was home of the Toronto Blue...
Inside baseball: How I became an Angels fan
Major League Baseball, in all likelihood, should be returning next month in front of no fans due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which got me to thinking. What makes a fan...
Play ball?
The Greater Niagara Baseball Association is still holding out hope baseball will be played at some point this summer. The City of Niagara Falls had closed all parks and facilities...
Badgers add local flavour
The Brock Badgers have added local product Cole Carpenter. Photo by: BROCK UNIVERSITY. The Brock Badgers baseball team didn't have to search very far for two of their latest recruits. The...
Diodati impresses early on
- April 7, 2020
Owen Diodati's freshman season at the University of Alabama was over almost before it began. The 18-year-old Niagara Falls native got into 17 games with the Crimson Tide before all...
Metros gearing up for season
It has been a busy off-season for the Niagara Metros senior baseball team. The Metros haven't been able to workout due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but that hasn't prevented new...
Campbell serves up baseball stories
Jamie Campbell, centre, is flanked by, from left: Susan Turner (co-owner, Romby's), Bruce Prentice (founder, Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame), Amy Wilson (co-owner, Romby's) and moderator Rod Mawhood. Photo by:...
The road to the major leagues
Katie Mooradian is living the dream. The 22-year-old St. Catharines native grew up loving baseball and now is going to collect a pay cheque by going to the ball park...
Search and hit enter...
BPSN Supporter
Canada Summer Games 2021
Fall/Winter Sports
Intercollegiate Sports
Niagara IceDogs
Niagara River Lions
Niagara Spears
Opinion/Analysis
Pelham Panthers basketball
St. Catharines Minor Baseball Association
The goal of BP Sports Niagara (BPSN) is to provide the intensely-local, people-focused grassroots coverage of local sports that Niagara residents have come to expect from their sports reporters.
The goal of BP Sports Niagara (BPSN) is to provide the intensely-local, people-focused grassroots coverage of local sports in Niagara.Over a year ago
Alexa, you have been selected
Sauer sweet on football
Copyright © 2018 BP Sports Niagara. All rights reserved. Designed by Ex Nihilo Designs.


Most people associate sleep apnea with heavy snoring, gasping, and loud breathing while sleeping. When you're asleep, you're not likely to notice this happening, but a spouse or roommate might hear you and become concerned. There are other symptoms of sleep apnea – dry mouth, headaches, and tooth grinding for example – that are not as recognizable and may be overlooked. Learn four facts about sleep apnea and find out how a periodontist can help diagnose apnea before the more noticeable signs occur.
Sleep apnea occurs when you're at rest and the throat muscles relax. Usually, this does not pose a problem, but in people with sleep apnea, the muscles relax too much. This obstructs the airway and oxygen levels drop. When your oxygen levels drop, a message goes out to your brain to breathe and get the oxygen levels back to normal. As this happens, the person gasps or snorts as that deep breath is taken. The gaps in normal breathing can be scary, but they are treatable.
Sleep apnea occurs in both children and adults, though it is more common in adults over the age of 40. There are risk factors that increase your chances of developing the condition. This includes a family history, obesity, and use of alcohol or cigarettes. The size of your neck can also influence whether you'll be diagnosed with sleep apnea or not. For men, a neck size of 17 inches or more increases the risk, and for women it's 16 inches.
Some of these factors can be eliminated. Losing weight reduces your risk, but you can also stop smoking or reduce your consumption of alcoholic beverages. If there is a family history of sleep apnea, see a doctor and discuss steps you can take to remain healthy.
Left untreated, the interrupted sleep caused by sleep apnea can make you drowsy during the day. If this happens, it can affect your reaction times when driving. It also makes you less aware of the driving hazards around you. People with sleep apnea are more likely to have heart attacks or strokes. They're also more likely to develop high blood pressure.
It is very difficult for a doctor to diagnose sleep apnea. There are no tests that can quickly tell you if you have the condition or not. This is why many cases of sleep apnea are diagnosed by a periodontist. They see evidence of the symptoms like dry mouth and teeth grinding.
In some cases of sleep apnea, particularly mild cases, the treatment is as simple as wearing a mouthpiece that is customized for your jaw. This mouthpiece helps align your tongue and lower jaw to help keep your airway open while you sleep.
For more severe cases of sleep apnea, a CPAP machine is used to keep the airway open using air pressure. Because a CPAP machine can lead to dry mouth, you should talk to your periodontist about oral rinses that help prevent dry mouth and the bacterial growth that is more common in people with dry mouth.
If you have or suspect you might have sleep apnea, contact Dr. Gallardo, Miami periodontists, to learn more about diagnosing and treating the condition. Read more about the doctors at Gallardo Periodontists and Implant Dentistry and then call their Miami office to schedule a consultation. That number is (305) 447-1447.


Calming crisp air invites you in as you make your way into the one bedroom furnished apartment block. For the couple or the single person who prefers a more especial apartment, this option suits you in the best way. The sitting area oozes with an aura of classic warmth. The sitting arrangement provides a comforting intimate feeling with leather seats, a dining area with a table for four on the side.
A flat screen TV stands on top of a shelf on one corner where you can display your favourite collections, souvenirs or books. The wall and ceiling lighting provide a bright and beautiful tone for the space while the wide windows diffuse light into the room capturing daylight in its natural form. There is also a private telephone line on the TV shelf.
The kitchen area draws a warm delightful atmosphere as you walk in. It is complete with modern essential appliances and has a standard setting similar to the other apartments. The marble counter tops and ceramic tiles make it easy to clean in case of any spillage. There are brown cabinets attached underneath the counter and sink creating a larger storage space for items you might need to put inside. There is also a cooker with four gas burners. the kitchen also has a built-in brown cabinet with shelves to store basic kitchen ingredients, an electric water heater, a fridge and a microwave.
The bedroom has one double bed with enough room for two as well, a vanity table with drawers right below it, all attached to a built-in closet: the closet has two sides with sufficient space enough for two or even for a single guest carrying clothing for a longer stay, a bedside table stands next to the bed and two windows to let in great lighting creating an alluring mood. There is also an ironing board and iron box provided for the guests as well as a sleeping net.
The bathroom has ample shower space with a shower curtain to create more privacy, a mirror with a sink right below it, a laundry basket next to it, waste bin, a wall-mounted towel hanger and a towel shelf. The bathroom is well-lit as there is a window that is halfway between the modern toilet area and shower section to bring in enough light to the room and avoid the boring idea or myth that one-bedroom apartments or houses have 'dark bathrooms'.
What's a serviced apartment without an outdoor view? Our one-bedroom apartments also have a balcony area to offer some down-time. Imagine watching the sunset after a long busy day with a cool drink in hand or having a fun time as a couple during the evening overlooking the Nairobi skyline, having breakfast outside as you listen to birds and a wave of cool air streams across. Some balconies offer a view of the swimming pool area where residents are welcome to enjoy a swim, bask in the sun as they relax on the poolside chairs.


text:
Jock of the Bushveld est un roman autobiographique écrit par l'auteur sud-africain Sir James Percy FitzPatrick. Le livre raconte les voyages et aventures de l'auteur et de son chien, un Staffordshire Bull Terrier, durant les années 1880, alors qu'uitlander (immigrant), il travaillait comme  magasinier, assistant prospecteur, journaliste et conducteur de chariot à travers le bushveld du Transvaal (à l'est de l'actuelle province du Mpumalanga en Afrique du Sud et au sud de l'actuel Parc national Kruger).

La vie de J. FitzPatrick à l'origine du livre

Les débuts

À l'époque où J. FitzPatrick était depuis peu conducteur de chariot, un de ses amis eut une portée de chiots à distribuer. La chienne était un bull terrier de voyage, expérimentée bien que peu sympathique, mais bénéficiant du pedigree de Staffordshire Bull Terrier. Cinq des six chiots étaient typiques de la race. Ils étaient forts, en bonne santé, avec un beau pelage. Mais l'un d'eux était malingre et victime des attaques du reste de la portée. J. FitzPatrick décida de le sauver alors qu'on avait envisagé de le noyer parce qu'il était le plus faible de la fratrie et qu'il l'aurait affaiblie s'il y avait été laissé. Après une nuit de réflexion, J. FitzPatrick choisit de le garder pour lui et le nomma Jock. Le chiot accepta son nouveau maître dès le premier jour, il se montra toujours courageux et reconnaissant envers son maître.

Aventures

Ce fut le début de nombreuses grandes aventures. Le chiot devint un grand chien courageux. Il fut apprécié et respecté, et développa un bon caractère. Il vécut aux côtés de J. FitzPatrick avec une loyauté sans faille et il inspira de très nombreuses histoires racontées à ses trois enfants. Cependant, ce ne fut que lorsque J. FitzPatrick réussit à s'installer, à fonder une famille et à devenir un citoyen respecté qu'il commença à coucher sur le papier les aventures de Jock afin d'en faire des livres pour la jeunesse.

J. FitzPatrick confia Jock à un ami jusqu'à ce qu'il dispose d'un endroit plus adapté en ville, car du fait d'une certaine surdité, la ville était devenue dangereuse pour lui à cause des voitures et des piétons. Cet ami, Ted, confia lui-même le chien à un gérant de magasin, Tom Barnett, qui devait faire face à des voleurs et à des chiens qui s'en prenaient à son kraal.

La mort de Jock

Jock perdit l'ouïe lorsqu'un koudou lui donna un coup de sabot. C'est l'une des raisons principales dont on suppose qu'elles le conduisirent à sa perte, car il ne pouvait plus entendre Tom Barnett lorsqu'il l'appelait : Tom finit par lui tirer dessus par erreur, pensant avoir affaire à un chien qui avait pris l'habitude de venir dévaster son poulailler (alors que Jock avait lui-même précédemment tué cet intrus). Voir Guinefort et le thème de conte du chien fidèle, thème qui existe encore en tant que légende urbaine. Le conte est classé Aarne-Thompson type 178A.

Le livre

Jock of the Bushveld fut publié pour la première fois en 1907. Ce fut rapidement un grand succès et le livre devint un classique localement. Il a depuis été réimprimé de nombreuses fois et a fait l'objet de plusieurs adaptations au cinéma. Jock a également été honoré par une statue devant la mairie de Barberton au Mpumalanga.

J. Fitzpatrick écrivit l'histoire à l'attention de ses quatre enfants. Rudyard Kipling, un bon ami de Fitzpatrick, qui participait à ces lectures, persuada Fitzpatrick de rassembler ces histoire dans un livre. Les illustrations du livre furent réalisées par Edmund Caldwell, l'un des frères de Mary Tourtel, le créateur de Rupert Bear. Le livre fut publié pour la première fois en 1907 et fut extrêmement bien reçu. Il fut notamment réimprimé quatre fois la première année. Il est depuis devenu un classique de la littérature sud-africaine et de la littérature de jeunesse anglo-saxonne. Plus d'une centaine d'éditions ont été recensées et le livre a été traduit dans plusieurs langues, notamment en afrikaans, français, néerlandais, allemand, xhosa et zoulou.

Une version « modernisée » sud-africaine est par ailleurs éditée chez AD Donker Publishers, largement expurgée, selon son éditrice Linda Rosenberg, de « références raciales préjudiciables », tandis que « le charme ésotérique et le ton d'innocence philosophique ont été scrupuleusement laissés intacts ».

Adaptations au cinéma

Le livre fut adapté en film en 1986, avec une bande originale composée par Johnny Clegg. Le film ne connut pas un franc succès auprès du public américain, en particulier à cause de sa fin triste. Un autre film fut réalisé en 1995, avec une fin plus heureuse.

Une adaptation du livre en un film d'animation en images de synthèse, Jock of the Bushveld, réalisée par le réalisateur sud-africain Duncan MacNeillie, sortit en 2011.

Références

Source

Notes

Liens externes

  Jock of the Bushveld, at Internet Archive (premières éditions scannées, illustrées en couleurs)
  Jock of the Bushveld, via LibriVox (audiobooks)
  , Parc national Kruger
  SA's best loved legend
  Jock of the Bushveld (1992 film) at IMDB

Chien connu
Roman sud-africain
Roman adapté au cinéma


text:
Nadikdik (ou Knox), en marshallais Ņadikdik, est un atoll corallien inhabité de 18 îles de l'océan Pacifique et l'atoll le plus au sud de la chaîne Ratak des Îles Marshall. La superficie totale du terrain n'est que de , mais il renferme une lagune en grande partie sablonneuse d'une superficie de . L'atoll mesure  de long et  de large. Les plus grands îlots, situés sur les côtés ouest et nord, comprennent Aelingeo, Nadikdik et Nariktal. L'atoll est séparé par le passage Klee de la pointe sud de l'atoll de Mili auquel il était autrefois relié.

Histoire
Nadikdik a été revendiqué par l'Empire d'Allemagne avec le reste des îles Marshall en 1884. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, l'île a été placée sous le Mandat du Pacifique sud de l'Empire du Japon. Après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle est passée sous le contrôle des États-Unis en tant que partie du territoire sous tutelle des îles du Pacifique jusqu'à l'indépendance des îles Marshall en 1986.

Typhon
Le , l'atoll de Nadikdik a été complètement balayé par un énorme typhon qui a dévasté l'atoll jusqu'au corail nu. Tous les quelque 60 habitants ont péri, à l'exception de deux garçons qui ont survécu à un voyage de 24 heures sur un arbre à pain. Au cours du siècle qui a suivi, les îles se sont largement régénérées.

Notes et références

Atoll aux îles Marshall
Atoll inhabité


text:
Netanyahu holds lead to win election, as almost all of votes counted
in World News, Middle East, Mobile Home
Bibi's bloc projected to win 62 seats • Meretz, Balad teetering threshold • Lapid calls for patience
https://www.jpost.com/-By ELIAV BREUER
Likud head Benjamin Netanyahu addresses his supporters on the night of the Israeli elections, at the party headquarters in Jerusalem, November 2, 2022-(photo credit: OLIVIER FITOUSSI/FLASH90)
Former prime minister and Likud leader Benjamin Netanyahu is poised to become Israel's next prime minister, according to the counting of almost all of the ballots. By Wednesday afternoon, Netanyahu held his lead with more than 80 percent of the votes counted across the country.
Arab party Balad was originally said to be close to crossing the threshold but by Wednesday afternoon that option seemed to dissipate. Had it happened, Netanyahu's bloc would have potentially dropped to 60 seats, one short of a coalition majority. Likud had sent an urgent letter to the police commissioner on Tuesday night demanding that allegations of voter fraud in the Arab sector be immediately investigated.
According to the exit polls on Tuesday night, Netanyahu's bloc, which includes Likud, Religious Zionist Party (RZP), United Torah Judaism (UTJ) and Shas, crossed the 61-seat threshold and will be able to form the next coalition.
What did the exit polls say?
Netanyahu's Likud party was expected to receive 31 seats according to Channel 12 and 32 seats according to Channel 13, while Lapid's Yesh Atid party is expected to get 23 seats according to both polls.
The Religious Zionist Party – led by Itamar Ben-Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich – saw a dramatic rise in contrast to previous years with channels reporting between 13-14 seats.
Defense Minister Benny Gantz's National Unity Party is expected to get 11 seats, while Yisrael Beytenu wins five to six seats.
Israel's ultra-Orthodox parties saw a large voter turnout with Shas getting 10 seats in both polls and United Torah Judaism (UTJ) earning seven seats
Meanwhile, Israel's Left managed to keep its head above the water with five seats going to Labor and four seats going to Meretz.
Finally, while there was concern over the turnout of the Arab vote, Hadash-Ta'al is expected to receive either four or five seats and Ra'am is expected to receive five seats. According to all channels, the Netanyahu bloc has 62 seats while the Lapid bloc has 54-53 seats.
The exit polls have been off in previous elections by a small number of seats and the official results will only be finalized in the coming days. Still, by Wednesday the country should know with near certainty what the results will be.
The victory will bring Netanyahu back into power after serving as prime minister between 1996-1999 and 2009-2021. He is already Israel's longest-serving prime minister and has spent the last year as head of the Opposition.
The last polls on Friday showed a tie between the pro-Netanyahu and anti-Netanyahu camp, but in the days since it managed to pull ahead.
The next finance and defense ministers will likely be from the Likud. However, the Public Security Ministry could go to far-right MK Itamar Ben Gvir, who demanded the position in a press conference on Sunday.
Netanyahu delivered his apparent victory speech early Wednesday morning, claiming that the Israeli public has decided and granted him the victory, according to the Israeli election exit polls.
Netanyahu thanked his supporters for giving him and his bloc a "massive vote of confidence from the Israeli public."
The first law passed by a Likud government will be one to allow the Knesset to overrule High Court rulings, Likud MK Miki Zohar said later on Wednesday morning on Channel 12. The Likud distanced itself from Zohar's comments.
Մեր մաշկի վրա ամեն օր զգում ենք խաղաղության ու անվտանգության կործանարար դեֆիցիտը մեր տարածաշրջանում։ ՀՀ ՄԻՊ
Will a Netanyahu-Ben-Gvir gov't change Israel as a Jewish state? – analysis


Parents and children will identify with Ted's pre Christmas excitement and his constant question 'Is it Christmas yet?' This beautifully illustrated story perfectly captures the excitement and anticipation of Christmas for small children and the preparations that are involved.
The Story: Ted cannot wait for Christmas and he offers to help Big Bear with present wrapping and looking for the perfect tree. The tree that they find is too big and as they try to get it into the house it gets broken. Luckily they fix everything in time for them to enjoy Christmas.
Ted's excitement and impatience are brilliantly portrayed through both text and pictures. He constantly shadows Big Bear with his questions and problems arise when he tries to help – Christmas scenarios that will be all too familiar to parents! The tree causes big drama and I love the picture of Ted lying with his paws over his eyes when it snaps and it seems that they won't have a tree.
Big Bear and Ted are gorgeous cuddly bears and their emotions are brilliantly portrayed in the illustrations. I love Big Bear's expression when Ted 'helps' with present wrapping and there is such joy on their faces when Christmas finally arrives. Many traditional elements of Christmas are shown in the pictures, Christmas cards, presents, a cake and a lopsided tree that is overloaded with decorations!
Is It Christmas Yet? is a wonderful story to read during Christmas preparations and leaves you with a warm, festive feeling inside. We have a copy of the board book which is sturdy and perfect for the littlest readers to enjoy but there is also a paperback version.
Thank you to Little Tiger Press for sending us Is It Christmas Yet? We love it and think that parents will love it as much as their children.
Ah, this sounds so sweet! I know my two would love it, as I'm getting that question a lot!
It's hard when all the shops already have trees and decorations up. It is only just over five weeks but that's still ages to a child!
It'll be a good read for toddler and children who are waiting for Xmas anxiously. Thanks for sharing Catherine!
My little ones would love this too.
A great way to get into the festive spirit.
It does sound like a lovely book – I do like some Christmas tales to help us get in the Christmas mood.
It's just over four weeks to go although that still seems ages to a child!
The board book is nice and sturdy, I'm sure that it can withstand a little bit of chewing!


A typical construction of a ratchet-based mechanical pencil.
A mechanical pencil (US English) or propelling pencil (UK English), also clutch pencil, is a pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable solid pigment core called a "lead" /ˈlɛd/. The lead, often made of graphite, is not bonded to the outer casing, and can be mechanically extended as its point is worn away as it is being used. Other names include microtip pencil, automatic pencil, drafting pencil, technical pencil, click pencil, pump pen, pump pencil, leadholder, pen pencil (Indian English), and lead pencil (Bangladeshi and American English).
Mechanical pencils are used to provide lines of constant width without sharpening in technical drawing and in quick, neat writing. They have also been used for fine-art drawing. Since they do not have to be sharpened, they are also very popular with students. Mechanical pencils were first used in the 18th century, with many designs patented in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Conrad Gesner described a leadholder pencil in 1565, but the lead had to be manually adjusted to sharpen it. The earliest extant example of a mechanical pencil was found aboard the wreckage of HMS Pandora, which sank in 1791.
The first patent for a refillable pencil with lead-propelling mechanism was issued to Sampson Mordan and John Isaac Hawkins in Britain in 1822. After buying out Hawkins' patent rights, Mordan entered into a business partnership with Gabriel Riddle from 1823 to 1837. The earliest Mordan pencils are thus hallmarked SMGR. After 1837, Mordan ended his partnership with Riddle and continued to manufacture pencils as "S. Mordan & Co". His company continued to manufacture pencils and a wide range of silver objects until World War II, when the factory was bombed.
Between 1822 and 1874, more than 160 patents were registered pertaining to a variety of improvements to mechanical pencils. The first spring-loaded mechanical pencil was patented in 1877 and a twist-feed mechanism was developed in 1895. The 0.9 mm lead was introduced in 1938, and later it was followed by 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 sizes. Eventually, 1.3 and 1.4 mm mechanisms were available, and 0.4 and 0.2 versions are now produced.
The mechanical pencil became successful in Japan with some improvements in 1915 by Tokuji Hayakawa, a metal worker who had just finished his apprenticeship. It was introduced as the "Ever-Ready Sharp Pencil". Success was not immediate, since the metal shaft—essential for the pencil's long life—was unfamiliar to users. The Ever-Ready Sharp began selling in huge numbers after a company from Tokyo and Osaka made large orders. Later, Tokuji Hayakawa's company got its name from that pencil: Sharp.
At nearly the same time in the US, Charles R. Keeran was developing a similar pencil that would be the precursor of most of today's pencils. Keeran's design was ratchet-based, whereas Hayakawa's was screw-based. These two development histories – Hayakawa and Keeran – are often mistakenly combined into one. Keeran patented his lead pencil in 1915 and soon afterwards arranged production. After some improvements, his design was marketed as the "Eversharp" pencil by the Wahl Adding Machine Company; by the early 1920s, Wahl had sold more than 12,000,000 Eversharps.
Some of the manufacturers are: Pentel, Pilot, Tombow, Uni-ball and Zebra of Japan; Faber-Castell, Lamy, Rotring and Staedtler of Germany; Bic of France; PaperMate of USA; Caran d'Ache of Switzerland; Parker of UK and numerous Chinese, other Asian and European manufacturers.
A Pentel Sharp ratchet drafting pencil disassembled, showing three 0.5 mm graphite leads.
A Staedtler 925-25 05 assembled (top) and disassembled (bottom).
A Pentel GraphGear 1000 featuring a clip-operated retractable lead guide pipe and lead hardness grade indicator set at HB.
Mechanical pencils can be divided into two basic types: those that both hold the lead and can actively propel it forward, and those that only hold the lead in position.
Screw-based pencils advance the lead by twisting a screw, which moves a slider down the barrel of the pencil. This was the most common type in the earlier part of the twentieth century. Many of these have a locking mechanism one way to allow the lead to be pushed back into the pencil.
A clutch pencil (or leadholder) tends to use thicker leads (2–5.6 mm) and generally holds only one piece of lead at a time. A typical clutch pencil is activated by pressing the eraser cap on the top, to open the jaws inside the tip and allow the lead to freely drop through from the barrel (or back into it when retracting). Because the lead falls out freely when the jaws are opened, its forward movement cannot be controlled except by external means. This can be easily done by keeping the tip of the pencil a few millimeters above a work surface or the palm of one's hand. Some clutch pencils do have mechanisms which incrementally advance the lead, such as the Alvin Tech-Matic leadholder, but these are not normally considered to be in the same category as most pencils with propelling mechanisms.
Ratchet-based pencils are a variant of the clutch pencil, in which the lead is held in place by two or three small jaws inside a ring at the tip. The jaws are controlled by a button on the end or the side of the pencil. When the button is pushed, the jaws move forward and separate, allowing the lead to advance. When the button is released and the jaws retract, the "lead retainer" (a small rubber device inside the tip) keeps the lead in place, preventing the lead from either falling freely outward or riding back up into the barrel until the jaws recover their grip. Other designs use a precisely-fitted metal sleeve to guide and support the lead, and do not need a rubber retainer.
In one type of ratchet-based pencil (developed by Tombow Pencil Co.), shaking the pencil back and forth causes a weight inside the pencil to operate a mechanism in the cap. A button may be present on the top or side of the pencil, to allow the user to advance the lead manually when necessary. Another variation advances the lead automatically. In this design, the lead is advanced by a ratchet but only prevented from going back into the pencil, just held from falling by a small amount of friction. The nib is a spring-loaded collar that, when depressed as the lead is worn away, extends out again when pressure is released.
An advanced ratchet type has a mechanism that rotates the pencil lead 9° counter-clockwise every time the lead is pressed on to the paper (which counts as one stroke), to distribute wear evenly. This auto-rotation mechanism keeps the lead 50% narrower than in the common propelling mechanical pencils, resulting in uniform thickness of the lines written onto the paper. The design was first patented by Schmidt of Germany, and later developed by Mitsubishi Pencil Company, and named Kuru Toga under the Uni brand. This type of pencil is most suited for Asian languages that have multiple strokes per letter or word, where the pencil is frequently lifted off the paper. The mechanism is not suitable for cursive writing used in western scripts. Another recent auto-rotation movement by Uni rotates the lead 18 degrees per stroke (or 20 strokes per complete revolution), which is better suited for western scripts.
There exist protection mechanisms that prevent the lead from breaking (within certain limits) when excessive pressure is exerted while writing. A mechanism employed in the DelGuard system by Zebra of Japan, causes the lead sleeve to extend outward when excessive pressure is applied at an angle. When excess vertical pressure is applied on the lead, the lead is automatically retracted inwards.
Higher-end mechanical pencils often feature a lead hardness grade indicator and sometimes feature a retractable lead guide pipe. This allows the lead guide pipe to retract back into the pencil body, which will keep it protected in storage and during transit and makes it 'pocket-safe'.
In spite of the name, pencil leads do not contain the toxic chemical element lead, but are typically made with graphite and clay, or plastic polymers. Compared to standard pencils, mechanical pencils have a smaller range of marking types, though numerous variations exist. Most mechanical pencils can be refilled, but some inexpensive models are meant to be disposable and are discarded when empty.
Different sizes of lead diameters are available to accommodate various preferences and pencil builds, as shown in the table below. The more common lead sizes are 0.5 mm and 0.7 mm, whose line widths provide a favourable balance between precision and strength. Less common lead sizes can range from 0.2 mm up to 5.6 mm. Pentel has also previously demonstrated a prototype 0.1 mm pencil. Pencils with sub-millimeter leads can usually hold multiple leads at the same time, reducing the frequency of refills. One exception was the Pentel 350 E, possibly Pentel's first mechanical pencil, which could only hold a single stick of 0.5 mm lead. Refill leads can be bought in small tubes and inserted into the barrel as needed.
The bracketed values in inches were found by calculation and rounded to 3 decimal places.
As with non-mechanical pencils, the leads of mechanical pencils are available in a range of hardness ratings, depending on the user's desired balance between darkness and durability. A commonly-used mechanical pencil lead is identical in density, but not in thickness to a traditional HB (US #2) pencil lead.
Mechanical pencils with colored leads are less common, but do exist. Crayola's "Twistable" product line includes two different types of colored pencils (erasable and non-erasable) with mechanical feed mechanisms, but does not offer refill leads. Several companies such as Pentel, Pilot, and Uni-ball (Mitsubishi Pencil Co.) currently manufacture colored refill leads in a limited range of diameters (0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, or 2 mm) for their own products. Koh-i-Noor makes mechanical colored pencils with replaceable leads in 2.0, 3.15 and 5.6 mm sizes.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mechanical pencils.
^ mechanical pencil – definition. American English definition of mechanical pencil by Macmillan Dictionary. Macmillandictionary.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
^ "History of Leadholders". Leadholders.com. 2008-01-04. Archived from the original on 2007-08-24. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
^ "Sampson Mordan Pencils". Mark Hill Collects: The 20th Century Design and Collectibles Blog. 2009-04-30. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
^ a b "1915: Hayakawa Mechanical Pencil". Product Story. SHARP Corporate. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
^ a b c Nishimura, David (Winter 2001). "A Tale of Two Pencils: Keeran's Eversharp & Hayakawa's Ever-Ready Sharp". The PENNANT. Pen Collectors of America.
^ ‹See Tfd›US 1130741 "C. B. Keeran, Lead Pencil, Application Filed Oct.10, 1913."
^ "ニュース - 文マガ". www.nichima.co.jp. Retrieved 2017-05-07.
^ "Pentel 350 Series Mechanical Pencil | Leadholder". Leadholder.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
^ Koh-I-Noor 2.0mm leadholders and colour leads. pencil talk. Retrieved on 2011-10-14.