Carrying a heavy rucksack is a huge contributary factor to the development of blisters on both the shoulders and feet. If you are new to long-distance trail-walking then the best advice is to have your overnight bag transported from one accommodation to the next. This will make a massive difference in the overall enjoyment of your holiday. If you feel fine after completing the Wicklow Way, then you can weigh up the pros and cons of carrying a full bag on your next adventure.
Those who are determined in carrying their own rucksack, please make sure to properly build up your strength and fitness prior to the Wicklow Way. Never leave it until starting the trail to try carrying your full load for the first time! A Maximum Weight of 12-15kg is recommended for carrying on any hike.
Wicklow Way Baggage is a new business specifically set up to assist in the transfer of luggage between b&bs, hotels and hostels along the Wicklow Way. This company cover the full route along the Wicklow Way, from Marlay Park in the north to Clonegal in the south and also in the return direction.
Pickups start at 9am with deliveries made up until 4.30pm. Walkers are charged €7.50 per bag per day with a maximum specified weight of 15kg per bag. Group rates can be offered upon request. Wicklow Way Baggage also offer taxi transfers between Dublin Airport and Wicklow.
For many years now, a lot of the bed and breakfasts along the Wicklow Way have operated a baggage transfer service between themselves. For 2008, the average price that can be expected for a "baggage drop" is between €15 and €20. This rate will vary though depending on the distance to the next accommodation. The price generally covers the car-trip regardless of however many bags need to be transported.


text:
drop table if exists foo;
select null into :x;
create table foo (id int) reuse_oid;
insert into foo values (0) into :x;
drop table if exists foo;
drop variable x;

--+ holdcas off;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "..", "..", "spec_helper"))

describe Chef::Knife::RoleCreate do
  before(:each) do
    @knife = Chef::Knife::RoleCreate.new
    @knife.config = {
      :description => nil
    }
    @knife.name_args = [ "adam" ]
    @knife.stub!(:json_pretty_print).and_return(true)
    @role = Chef::Role.new()
    @role.stub!(:save)
    Chef::Role.stub!(:new).and_return(@role)
    @knife.stub!(:edit_data).and_return(@role)
  end

  describe "run" do
    it "should create a new role" do
      Chef::Role.should_receive(:new).and_return(@role)
      @knife.run
    end

    it "should set the role name" do
      @role.should_receive(:name).with("adam")
      @knife.run
    end

    it "should not print the role" do
      @knife.should_not_receive(:json_pretty_print)
      @knife.run
    end

    it "should allow you to edit the data" do
      @knife.should_receive(:edit_data).with(@role)
      @knife.run
    end

    it "should save the role" do
      @role.should_receive(:save)
      @knife.run
    end

    describe "with -d or --description" do
      it "should set the description" do
        @knife.config[:description] = "All is bob"
        @role.should_receive(:description).with("All is bob")
        @knife.run
      end
    end

    describe "with -p or --print-after" do
      it "should pretty print the node, formatted for display" do
        @knife.config[:print_after] = true
        @knife.should_receive(:json_pretty_print).with(@role)
        @knife.run
      end
    end
  end
end


text:
When pollinator populations are in peril
Eating more during the holidays? Don't mistake Oreo calories for olive calories.
As pollination slowly falls, risks rise to economic and human health
By Todd Datz Harvard Chan School Communications
Vitamin D benefits linked to body weight
The best thing about the Mediterranean diet? It doesn't taste like a diet.
Good genes are nice, but joy is better
Really need to start exercising but hate it? Just move
Jennifer Coolidge named Hasty's Woman of the Year
Based on crop yields in 2020, the world produces 3 percent to 5 percent less fruit, vegetables, and nuts than it could with robust wild pollinator populations.
And while that number may seem small, it translates into an estimated 427,000 lives lost each year from insufficient healthy food consumption and associated diseases, including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and certain cancers, according to research led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
The study, published Wednesday in Environmental Health Perspectives, is the first to quantify the human health toll of insufficient wild (animal) pollinators on human health.
"A critical missing piece in the biodiversity discussion has been a lack of direct linkages to human health," said Samuel Myers, principal research scientist, planetary health, Department of Environmental Health and senior author of the study. "This research establishes that loss of pollinators is already impacting health on a scale with other global health risk factors, such as prostate cancer or substance use disorders."
The human toll on biodiversity is also the topic of the COP15: UN Biodiversity Conference currently taking place in Montreal. This includes 1 percent to 2 percent annual declines of insect populations, leading some to warn of an impending "insect apocalypse" in the coming decades. Changes in land use, harmful pesticides, and advancing climate change threaten wild pollinators, key insect species that increase yields of three-fourths of crop varieties and are critical to growing healthy foods.
The researchers used a model framework that included empirical evidence from a network of hundreds of experimental farms across Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America examining "pollinator yield gaps" for the most important pollinator-dependent crops, to show how much had been lost due to insufficient pollination. They then used a global risk-disease model to estimate the health impacts the changes could have on dietary risks and mortality by country, and calculated the loss of economic value from lost pollination in three case study countries.
The results showed that lost food production was concentrated in lower-income countries but that the health burden was greater in middle- and higher-income countries, where rates of non-communicable diseases are higher. The geographic distribution was somewhat unusual in that generally the health effects from global environmental change are centered among the poorest populations, in regions such as South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, middle-income countries with large populations — China, India, Indonesia, and Russia — suffered the greatest burden.
The analysis also showed that lower-income countries lost significant agricultural income due to insufficient pollination and lower yields, potentially 10 percent to 30 percent of total agricultural value.
"The results might seem surprising, but they reflect the complex dynamics of factors behind food systems and human populations around the world. Only with this type of interdisciplinary modeling can we get a better fix on the magnitude and impact of the problem," said co-author Timothy Sulser, senior scientist, International Food Policy Research Institute.
Lead author Matthew Smith, a research scientist in the Department of Environmental Health, said that creating protections for wild pollinators is important not only environmentally, but economically and medically.
"This study shows that doing too little to help pollinators does not just harm nature, but human health as well," he said.
Support for the study was provided by grants from the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, Weston Foods Inc., Fifth Generation Inc., and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets.
"The extra calories, even if they come during a relatively short time window, seem to get stuck in our bodies, ratcheting up the weight gain for the year. So we do need to consider this during the holiday period," says David Ludwig of Boston Children's Hospital.
Kris Snibbe/Harvard Staff Photographer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
foi um estúdio japonês de animes e filmes, subsidiária da Namco Bandai Holdings Inc.. Sua sede está localizada em Minato, Tóquio, Japão. Desde a reorganização da Namco Bandai Holdings em 2006, a Bandai Visual lidera o grupo Visual e de Conteúdos de Música, uma de suas controladas incluem a Emotion Music Company, Limited, (cujo logos também incluem o Moai da Ilha de Páscoa).

Em setembro de 2017, a Bandai Visual adquiriu o estúdio de anime Actas.

História
A Bandai Visual foi uma subsidiária integral da Bandai Namco Holdings. A Bandai Namco anunciou em 8 de novembro de 2007 que iria comprar as ações com direito a voto. Em 18 de dezembro de 2007, a Bandai Namco anunciou que possuía 93.63% das ações da Bandai Visual, desde o final de novembro daquele ano. As ações remanescentes foram excluídas da cotação oficial da bolsa de Tóquio, no dia 15 de fevereiro de 2008, após isso a  Bandai Namco adquiriu os 10% restantes das ações.

Estúdios de animação do Japão
Empresas fundadas em 2012
Empresas fundadas em 1983
Dublagem
Empresas de entretenimento do Japão
Distribuidores e exibidores de cinema
Distribuidoras de mangás
Empresas de mídia do Japão
Empresas de anime
Empresas extintas do Japão
Empresas extintas em 2018

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
D.A.K. war diary 13 March 1941
Marada is taken under control by a German-Italian detachment under German command.
The command staff of the Afrikakorps (Commander, Chief of Staff, Ia, Ic, and IIa[1] with aide de camps, support officers and office personel moves to Sirt. The Commander flies with the Chief of Staff and 2nd Lt. v.Goerne at 14.00 hours with an Italian Ghibli[2] from Melaha. Because of a sand storm the flight turns around and force lands in Melaha. From there continuation of the journey in a car put at his disposition. Arrival in Sirt only at midnight due to sand storm.
Major Ehlert (Ia)[3] and Lt. von Hößslin (O1)[4] with the office personnel cannot take off and remain in Tripoli during the night, to fly to Sirt the next morning.
[1] Ia = Senior staff officer. This was a critical and powerful position. The Ia had the right to contradict the commanding officer, and to go past him directly to the command staff of the army in Berlin. Failure to agree on a course of action between the commanding officer and the Ia had to be documented in the war diary. During CRUSADER, Lt. Col. Westphal used this power to the extreme, at some point directing operations by most of Panzergruppe Afrika. The Ia also was the officer in charge of the staff and the line manager for all other staff officers. Ic = Intelligence Officer IIa = Personnel officer
[2] Caproni Ca.309, a multi-role twin-engined plane built specifically for and used heavily by the Italian air force in North Africa, for armed reconnaissance and liaison duties.
[3] Major Ehlert had taken up his post in North Africa on 7 March. On 1 March he had been to OKH in Berlin, where he was briefed by Halder on the plans for offensive operations in Africa. He was quickly replaced by Lt. Col. Westphal, in the middle of June. He rose to Colonel and Chief of Staff of LII. Corps in early 1944. When the Romanian front collapsed in August 1944 his Corps was swallowed in the disaster and he went missing.
[4] Senior Aide-de-Camp of the Ia
Ca.309 Ghibli pre-war. Image from Wikipedia.
This entry was posted in Content and tagged 1941, Afrika Korps, afrikakorps, DAK, Desert War, libya, North Africa, Rommel, War Diaries, Wehrmacht, ww2. Bookmark the permalink.
← D.A.K. war diary 12 March 1941
D.A.K. War Diary 20 March 1941 →
4 thoughts on "D.A.K. war diary 13 March 1941"
Dili | March 19, 2016 at 2:47 pm
A small correction, that photo is not pre war, the Savoia cross in the rudder was ordered to be painted a couple days after war start.
Andreas | March 19, 2016 at 3:52 pm
Thanks Dili!
David Wormell | March 20, 2016 at 12:23 pm
No diary for March 14th 19th?
Andreas | March 20, 2016 at 12:35 pm
Not for 14-16, 17, 18, 19 are in the works


text:
Top Songs & Albums Dominique Cravic
... read moreFrench singer/guitarist Dominique Cravic debuted in 1983 with Cordes et Lames. Around the release of Juju Doudou (1985), he met American underground comics legend Robert Crumb, and the two recorded Cocktail d'Amour (1987), which marked the debut of Les Primitifs du Futur. In subsequent years, Cravic...
Dominique Cravic
L'art De La Sieste
Active: 2000s
Member of: Les Primitifs Du Futur
French singer/guitarist Dominique Cravic is the founder and bandleader of Les Primitifs du Futur, a musette revival band that draws from a range of world music styles as well as jazz, blues, and musette. Based in Paris, Cravic made his recording debut in 1983 with Cordes et Lames, a full-length album release on the label Jamuz. In 1985 he collaborated with fellow guitarist Didier Roussin on Juju Doudou. Around this same time, Cravic met American underground comics legend Robert Crumb (aka R. Crumb), whom he came to find out shared his passion for old jazz music, musette in particular. Also known as bal-musette, the antiquated accordion-based musical style initially became widespread in Paris during the late-19th century and, generally associated with dancehalls, was especially popular during the 1920s, '30s, and '40s before falling out of style. In 1986 Cravic and Crumb, who plays banjo and mandolin, got together for a recording session at Bob Mathieu Studio that resulted in Cocktail d'Amour (1987), originally a six-track 10" release on the label Média 7 that marked the recording debut of Les Primitifs du Futur. In subsequent years, Cravic continued to collaborate with a long list of musicians on a variety of projects. In 1994, however, he reunited with Crumb a second time under the Primitifs du Futur billing for the album Trop de Routes, Trop de Trains on the label La Lichère. Five years later came the third Primitifs du Futur album, World Musette (1999), a much more ambitious effort that took the band in many different directions stylistically and signaled a worldlier approach to music-making. A decade later, the fourth Primitifs du Futur album, Tribal Musette (2008), a major-label release on Universal Music Jazz France, continued to infuse musette with jazz, blues, and world music. ~ Jason Birchmeier~ Rovi


If you want to quit smoking, just share your plan on social media so that your friends and relatives criticize you in case you smoke again. Also you will receive appreciation over this good decision. It will be very helpful and will motivate you to proceed this boycott.
Make a bet with any of your friends who smoke. The one who smokes first will have to buy dinner. This will be very interesting and fun way of getting rid of smoking habit. Also it will involve another person, so you will both get benefit in this healthy competition.
Ask your friend to collect fine from you on each cigarette you smoke. It will be very funny but effective way to reduce the number of cigarettes you smoke. Instead of paying smoking fines, you can quit smoking, save your money and buy something else you like.
Start writing your own blog and share your experience of smoking and your plan to quit smoking. It will help you in identifying your problems and also it will help others.
After sometime that you had spent without smoking, reward yourself with a treat like buying a new dress or visit some place. This is very important for your motivation. You deserve a reward for your self-control.
Go to cancer hospital and visit the patients who have been suffering from lung cancer due to smoking. This will definitely scare you. This will also make you realize that how much damage and harm is being done by this smoking addiction.
If you are facing extreme difficulty in fighting this habit then keep one cigarette with you all the time. Light it whenever you feel extreme craving.Then extinguish it and keep it for later use. The reason behind it, is that complete boycott is sometimes non motivational. Because it seems impossible, so addict person will give up easily as it will not hurt his ego a lot. So keeping a cigarette with you will keep you calm. It will let you know that its your decision. You have the power to smoke it or not. No body is forcing you.
Most of the people have weak will power. It is a separate issue, but very common one. So do not test yourself with some huge target which you feel non achievable. Start with slowing things down. You smoke 10 cigarettes a day, slow it down to 7. Its easy. You can easily skip few cigarettes. Once you are OK with 7, slow it down to 5. Remember, the key to bring change is consistency. There is no benefit in strictly stopping cigarettes for 2 weeks and then smoking them again with double frustration. So keep the change slow and easy.
There are several ways to fade the cigarette cravings and slow down the smoking lust. Whenever you feel like you need to smoke, brush your teeth. This is very effective way to reject the nicotine demands. Alternatively, keep a bottle of water with baking soda mixed in it. A single sip of that liquid will change the craving levels. These are short term but effective methods to quit smoking.
I hope these ideas would be very helpful for those smokers who are tired of the usual ways. If you truly want to get rid of this habit just keep yourself motivated and enjoy doing the above mentioned tricks.


text:
<?php

return [

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Operations
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This array of operations is translated into methods that complete these
    | requests based on their configuration.
    |
    */

    'operations' => [

        /**
         *    Companies / Index
         */
        'listCompanies'   => [
            'extends'              => null,
            'httpMethod'           => 'GET',
            'uri'                  => '/v9/companies',
            'summary'              => 'Get a list of all companies.',
            'notes'                => '',
            'documentationUrl'     => 'https://ticketevolution.atlassian.net/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=30572746',
            'deprecated'           => false,
            'responseModel'        => 'defaultJsonResponse',
            'parameters'           => [
                'page'     => [
                    'location'    => 'query',
                    'type'        => 'integer',
                    'description' => 'Which page of results to return.',
                    'required'    => false,
                    'default'     => 1,
                ],
                'per_page' => [
                    'location'    => 'query',
                    'type'        => 'integer',
                    'description' => 'The integer of items for each page of results.',
                    'required'    => false,
                    'default'     => 100,
                ],
            ],
            'additionalParameters' => ['location' => 'query'],
        ],

        /**
         *    Companies / Show
         */
        'showCompany'     => [
            'extends'          => null,
            'httpMethod'       => 'GET',
            'uri'              => '/v9/companies/{company_id}',
            'summary'          => 'Get a single company.',
            'notes'            => '',
            'documentationUrl' => 'https://ticketevolution.atlassian.net/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=30572749',
            'deprecated'       => false,
            'responseModel'    => 'defaultJsonResponse',
            'parameters'       => [
                'company_id' => [
                    'location'    => 'uri',
                    'type'        => 'integer',
                    'description' => 'ID of the Company to return.',
                    'required'    => true,
                ],
            ],
        ],

        /**
         *    Companies / Create
         */
        'createCompanies' => [
            'extends'          => null,
            'httpMethod'       => 'POST',
            'uri'              => '/v9/companies',
            'summary'          => 'Create one or more Companies.',
            'notes'            => 'Note that this takes an array of Companies even if only creating one.',
            'documentationUrl' => 'https://ticketevolution.atlassian.net/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=30572753',
            'deprecated'       => false,
            'responseModel'    => 'defaultJsonResponse',
            'parameters'       => [
                'companies' => [
                    'location'    => 'json',
                    'type'        => 'array',
                    'description' => 'A collection of Companies to create.',
                    'required'    => true,
                ],
            ],
        ],

        /**
         *    Companies / Update
         */
        'updateCompany'   => [
            'extends'              => null,
            'httpMethod'           => 'PUT',
            'uri'                  => '/v9/companies/{company_id}',
            'summary'              => 'Update a company.',
            'notes'                => '',
            'documentationUrl'     => 'https://ticketevolution.atlassian.net/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=30572755',
            'deprecated'           => false,
            'responseModel'        => 'defaultJsonResponse',
            'parameters'           => [
                'company_id' => [
                    'location'    => 'uri',
                    'type'        => 'integer',
                    'description' => 'The company number.',
                    'required'    => true,
                ],
                'name'       => [
                    'location'    => 'json',
                    'type'        => 'string',
                    'description' => 'The company's full name.',
                    'required'    => false,
                ],
            ],
            'additionalParameters' => ['location' => 'json'],
        ],

    ],

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Models
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This array of models is specifications to returning the response
    | from the operation methods.
    |
    */

    'models'     => [],
];


I mentioned this briefly in the "Expectation for the Next Firmware" thread, but i wanted to elaborate on some features and discuss this a bit more since I think it's a large enough feature that it likely won't be in the NEXT firmware update (GD32Base-2.2 is the current as of this post).
I understand most of this feature really depends on how much room is left in the ROM for the firmware. I am a software engineer and have worked in the embedded world so i understand what this would entail and the limitations. So just talking the "ideal" feature I think, we'll assume there is enough room in the module. If for the full feature the touch screen would have to be replaced, you could certainly integrate/upgrade it with Wifi directly. I will say that if there is a nice Wifi feature set like i'll describe (and other ideas from others i'm sure), I would certainly pay for that upgrade!
Basically the same functionality at the touch screen, just on a single webpage. I picture this as a remote interface, since if i'm near the unit, i can just use the touch screen (except for the upload a file feature). My setup has the unit off in a room by itself since it's generally quite loud. So my personal use would be to basically have the page open to monitor the current print/function, then be able to clear the bed and start a new one. I don't know is "most" people have their unit basically sitting next to them, but that's not my setup. I tried to have that since I work from home, but the very first meeting I had people were like "what's that whistling sound?" (which was of course the 3d printer).
Type in and get the web page with whatever functions it has.
As I said, if there is not enough room or whatever for the current touch screen module, and so had to be upgraded to have more storage/programming space, I would expect it to have the Wifi module integrated with the touch screen. Then the dongle would not be needed but the rest of the setup would likely be similar.
And again, its much more important to fix issues and such with the current firmware/software/whatever and get all of the units together and delivered to everyone, but i thought i would get the discussion going since there are new products already being talked about!
@magumbasauce this sounds very much like OctoPi. Check out Octoprint.org. A few of us Snapmaker users are using it, myself included. All you need is a Raspberry Pi (with OctoPi) connected to the 3D printer, freeing up your PC. You can either have the Pi connected to your network via ethernet or wifi.
I have my Snapmaker connected via a smart plug too so i can turn the 3d printer on and off remotely.
neat. I don't have a rasberry pi lying around. From what i've seen of the arduino kit i have (which is currently not doing anything) seems like more work than I want to put into getting that set up (which is why my arduino kit is not doing anything). I have about 10,000 other things I do and have to do, so i just want it to work!
To be clear, my PC is not taken up by anything. I use the USB drive to load files from, so my maker is just in a room by itself working away for hours on end printing stuff. Another reason i really want the larger print area cuz i spend probably way too much time splitting up the larger prints into parts to get them to be able to print (each of like 14 parts taking 20 hours each, then gluing together to make a single thing).
Octoprint is not hard at all to setup. It is all web-based. Load up Octoprint on the MicroSD card, put it in your Pi, go to the webpage to setup OctoPi. It can even do slicing on the Pi, but looks like you're doing the slicing on the PC, so you're basically just loading gcode files to the OctoPi. And if you have a webcam, you can even hook it up via USB and watch it stream from a webpage or your phone. I encourage you to try it.
Sure. They give out Pi's and similar at conferences i attend. if i get one i'd certainly try it out. For Snapmaker as a business though, this would be a good idea for them to offer!
How can pi and snapmaker connect? via USB? i havent bought snapmaker yet, but i would like to and so I am doing some research ?
Can you take a picture of the connection?
I am asking because i couldnt find any info about connection on octopi web site too?
@ibrahimuslu It is similar to how you connect the Snapmaker to a PC using the USB port (Note: use the square USB port, not the one for the memory stick) . Instead of the PC it connects to the USB port on the Raspberry Pi running OctoPi. You will have to have your OctoPi connected to your local network either wirelessly or using ethernet. I will try to take a photo of how I have mine connected when I get home later. Hope that helps.
You can add a camera so you can monitor prints remotely, right from the web interface. This can save a lot of filament and hassle when a print goes awry and you're not there to stop it. @kelvin8r and I (and others) have come up with implementations for mounting the camera to the Snapmaker. Mine uses an IR camera so that the room can be completely dark and I can still see the printing progress.
You can add a relay board and, with a software plugin, have the Octopi turn the printer on before printing and off after the print finishes.


text:
Q: Textboxes Causing Problems in ASP.NET C# SQL I am using a nested Gridview(I have 5 Nested Gridviews).
I have applied a Regular Field validator for these Gridviews.
But once I click the button, commas are generated in the textbox. Due to that whenever I click the button, all the validation get fired.
I have researched lots of articles but have not found one related to this.
Here is the image for the Gridview with the commas generated in the textbox:

HTML Code Part
<%-- First Gridview--%>
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false"
    CssClass="gvstyling gridview_width_60" ShowHeaderWhenEmpty="true" EmptyDataText="Record(s) Not Found!"
    DataKeyNames="locality" ShowHeader="false" OnRowDataBound="gvLocality_RowDataBound">
    <Columns>

        <asp:TemplateField ItemStyle-Width="15px">
            <ItemTemplate>

                <asp:Panel ID="pnlCompanyName" runat="server" Style="display: none">

                    <%-- Second Gridview --%>
                    <asp:GridView ID="gvCompanyName" ShowHeader="false" ShowHeaderWhenEmpty="false" CssClass="gvstyling gridview_width_100"
                        OnRowDataBound="gvCompanyName_RowDataBound" runat="server"
                        AutoGenerateColumns="false" EmptyDataText="No Record(s) Found!">

                        <Columns>

                            <asp:TemplateField ItemStyle-Width="15px">
                                <ItemTemplate>
                                    <asp:HiddenField ID="hfRetailer_Id" Value='<%# Eval("retailer_id") %>' runat="server"></asp:HiddenField>
                                    <asp:HiddenField ID="hfLocality" Value='<%# Eval("locality") %>' runat="server"></asp:HiddenField>
                                    <asp:Label ID="lbl" Visible="false" Text='<%# Eval("retailer_id") %>' runat="server"></asp:Label>

                                    <asp:Panel ID="pnlSellOrderNo" runat="server" Style="display: none">

                                        <%-- Third Gridview --%>
                                        <asp:GridView ID="gvSellOrderNo" ShowHeader="false" ShowHeaderWhenEmpty="false"
                                            CssClass="gvstyling gridview_width_100" runat="server" OnRowDataBound="gvSellOrderNo_RowDataBound"
                                            AutoGenerateColumns="false" EmptyDataText="No Record(s) Found!">
                                            <Columns>
                                                <asp:TemplateField ItemStyle-Width="15px">
                                                    <ItemTemplate>
                                                        <asp:HiddenField ID="hf_SellOrderNo" Value='<%# Eval("sell_order_no") %>' runat="server"></asp:HiddenField>
                                                        <asp:Label ID="lblSellOrderNo" Visible="false" Text='<%# Eval("sell_order_no") %>' runat="server"></asp:Label>

                                                        <asp:Panel ID="pnlProductDetails" runat="server" Style="display: none">

                                                            <%-- fourth Gridview --%>
                                                            <asp:GridView ID="gvProductDetails" ShowHeader="false" ShowHeaderWhenEmpty="false"
                                                                CssClass="gvstyling gridview_width_100" runat="server" OnRowDataBound="gvProductDetails_RowDataBound"
                                                                AutoGenerateColumns="false" EmptyDataText="No Record(s) Found!">
                                                                <Columns>

                                                                    <asp:TemplateField ItemStyle-Width="15px">
                                                                        <ItemTemplate>
                                                                            <asp:HiddenField ID="HiddenField1" Value='<%# Eval("sell_order_no") %>' runat="server"></asp:HiddenField>
                                                                            <asp:HiddenField ID="hfProductId" Value='<%# Eval("product_id") %>' runat="server"></asp:HiddenField>
                                                                            <asp:Label ID="lblProductId" Visible="false" Text='<%# Eval("product_id") %>' runat="server"></asp:Label>

                                                                            <asp:Panel ID="pnlWarehouseDetails" runat="server" Style="display: none">

                                                                                <%-- fifth Gridview--%>
                                                                                <asp:GridView ID="gvWarehouseDetails" ShowHeader="false" ShowHeaderWhenEmpty="false"
                                                                                CssClass="gvstyling gridview_width_100" runat="server"
                                                                                AutoGenerateColumns="false">

                                                                                <Columns>
                                                                                <asp:TemplateField>
                                                                                <ItemTemplate>
                                                                                <asp:Label ID="lblWarehouseId" Text='<%# Eval("c_warehouse_id") %>' Visible="false" runat="server"></asp:Label>
                                                                                <%# Eval("warehouse_name") %> (<%# Eval("qty") %>)
                                                                                </ItemTemplate>
                                                                                </asp:TemplateField>

                                                                                <asp:TemplateField>
                                                                                <ItemTemplate>
                                                                                <asp:TextBox ID="txtQty" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
                                                                                </ItemTemplate>
                                                                                </asp:TemplateField>
                                                                                </Columns>

                                                                                </asp:GridView>

                                                                                <%-- fifth Gridview --%>
                                                                            </asp:Panel>
                                                                        </ItemTemplate>
                                                                    </asp:TemplateField>

                                                                    <asp:TemplateField>
                                                                        <ItemTemplate>
                                                                            <%# Eval("product_name") %> (<%# Eval("qty") %>)
                                                                        </ItemTemplate>
                                                                    </asp:TemplateField>
                                                                </Columns>
                                                            </asp:GridView>
                                                            <%-- fourth Gridview --%>
                                                        </asp:Panel>
                                                    </ItemTemplate>
                                                </asp:TemplateField>

                                                <asp:TemplateField>
                                                    <ItemTemplate>
                                                        <%# Eval("sell_order_no") %>
                                                    </ItemTemplate>
                                                </asp:TemplateField>
                                            </Columns>
                                        </asp:GridView>
                                        <%-- Third Gridview --%>
                                    </asp:Panel>
                                </ItemTemplate>
                            </asp:TemplateField>

                            <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Business Name">
                                <ItemTemplate>
                                    <%# Eval("business_name") %>
                                </ItemTemplate>
                            </asp:TemplateField>

                        </Columns>

                    </asp:GridView>
                    <%-- Second  Gridview--%>
                </asp:Panel>
            </ItemTemplate>
        </asp:TemplateField>

        <asp:TemplateField ItemStyle-CssClass="gv_item_bg">
            <ItemTemplate>
                <asp:Label ID="lblLocality" runat="server" Text=' <%# Eval("locality") %>'></asp:Label>
            </ItemTemplate>
        </asp:TemplateField>

    </Columns>
</asp:GridView>
<%-- First Gridview --%>

Code Behind File
//Filling Shipping Company Name
private void FillShippingCompanyName()
{
    try
    {
        ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
        cm.ds.Clear();
        cm.sp_dataset_execute("spdisplay_Shipping_Comany_Name", arr);

        ddlCompanyName.DataSource = cm.ds;
        ddlCompanyName.DataValueField = "shipping_code";
        ddlCompanyName.DataTextField = "shipping_name";
        ddlCompanyName.DataBind();
        ddlCompanyName.Items.Insert(0, new ListItem("---- Select Shipping Company ----", "0"));
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrHandler.WriteError(ex.Message.ToString(), "Shipping-Order-FillShippingCompanyName()");
    }
    finally
    {
        cm.con.Close();
    }

}

private void FillLocality()
{
    try
    {
        cm.ds.Clear();
        ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
        cm.sp_dataset_execute("spDisplay_Locality", arr);

        gvLocality.DataSource = cm.ds;
        gvLocality.DataBind();
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrHandler.WriteError(ex.Message.ToString(), "Shipping-Order-FillLocality()");
        cm.con.Close();
    }
    finally
    {
        cm.con.Close();
    }
}

//Locality Gridview Row Databound (Level 1 Grdview)
common cm1 = new common();
protected void gvLocality_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
        {
            string Locality = gvLocality.DataKeys[e.Row.RowIndex].Value.ToString();
            GridView gvCompanyName = e.Row.FindControl("gvCompanyName") as GridView;

            cm1.ds.Clear();
            //Binding Company Gridview
            ArrayList arr1 = new ArrayList();
            arr1.Add("@locality|" + Locality + "");
            cm1.sp_dataset_execute("spDisplayCompanyName", arr1);

            gvCompanyName.DataSource = cm1.ds;
            gvCompanyName.DataBind();
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrHandler.WriteError(ex.Message.ToString(), "Recent_activity-gvRecentActivityOuter_RowDataBound()");
        cm1.con.Close();
    }
    finally
    {
        cm1.con.Close();
    }
}

//Comapny Name Gridview Row Databound (Level 2 Grdview)
common cm2 = new common();
protected void gvCompanyName_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
        {
            string RetailerId = ((HiddenField)e.Row.FindControl("hfRetailer_Id")).Value;
            GridView gvSellOrderNo = e.Row.FindControl("gvSellOrderNo") as GridView;
            string Locality = ((HiddenField)e.Row.FindControl("hfLocality")).Value;

            cm2.ds.Clear();
            //Binding Company Gridview
            ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
            arr.Add("@retailer_id|" + RetailerId + "");
            arr.Add("@locality|" + Locality + "");
            cm2.sp_dataset_execute("spDisplay_SellOrderNo", arr);

            gvSellOrderNo.DataSource = cm2.ds;
            gvSellOrderNo.DataBind();
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrHandler.WriteError(ex.Message.ToString(), "Shipping-Order-Page_Load()");
        cm2.con.Close();
    }
    finally
    {
        cm2.con.Close();
    }
}

//Sell Order Gridview Row Databound (Level 3 Grdview)
common cm3 = new common();
protected void gvSellOrderNo_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
        {
            string SellOrderNo = ((HiddenField)e.Row.FindControl("hf_SellOrderNo")).Value;
            GridView gvProductDetails = e.Row.FindControl("gvProductDetails") as GridView;

            FillProductDetails(gvProductDetails, SellOrderNo);
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrHandler.WriteError(ex.Message.ToString(), "Shipping-Order-gvSellOrderNo_RowDataBound()");
        cm3.con.Close();
    }
    finally
    {
        cm3.con.Close();
    }
}

private void FillProductDetails(GridView gvProductDetails, string SellOrderNo)
{

    cm3.ds.Clear();
    //Product Details Gridview
    ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
    arr.Add("@sell_order_no|" + SellOrderNo + "");

    cm3.sp_dataset_execute("spDisplay_ProductDetails", arr);

    gvProductDetails.DataSource = cm3.ds;
    gvProductDetails.DataBind();
}

//Product Details Gridview Row Databound (Level 4 Grdview)
common cm4 = new common();
protected void gvProductDetails_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
        {
            string ProductID = ((HiddenField)e.Row.FindControl("hfProductId")).Value;

            string SellOrderNo = ((HiddenField)e.Row.FindControl("HiddenField1")).Value;

            GridView gvWarehouseDetails = e.Row.FindControl("gvWarehouseDetails") as GridView;

            cm4.ds.Clear();
            //Product Details Gridview
            ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
            arr.Add("@product_id|" + ProductID + "");
            arr.Add("@sell_order_no|" + SellOrderNo + "");

            cm4.sp_dataset_execute("spDisplay_WarehouseDetails", arr);

            gvWarehouseDetails.DataSource = cm4.ds;
            gvWarehouseDetails.DataBind();
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrHandler.WriteError(ex.Message.ToString(), "Shipping-Order-gvProductDetails_RowDataBound()");
        cm4.con.Close();
    }
    finally
    {
        cm4.con.Close();
    }
}

//Submit Button
protected void btnSubmit_Click1(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        cm.ds.Clear();
        //--Insert Query for Rs_Shipping_Order_Details
        string ShippingCode = "SHO" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss");

        string ShippingGroup = "SG" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss");

        ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
        arr.Add("@shipping_code|" + ShippingCode + "");
        arr.Add("@shipping_Company_code|" + ddlCompanyName.SelectedValue + "");
        arr.Add("@is_shipping_delivered|0");
        cm.sp_execute("spInsert_Shipping_Order_Detail", arr);

        //Locality for loop
        for (int i = 0; i < gvLocality.Rows.Count; i++)
        {
            GridView gvCompanyName = gvLocality.Rows[i].FindControl("gvCompanyName") as GridView;

            //Company for loop
            for (int j = 0; j < gvCompanyName.Rows.Count; j++)
            {
                GridView gvSellOrderNo = gvCompanyName.Rows[j].FindControl("gvSellOrderNo") as GridView;

                string RetailerId = ((Label)gvCompanyName.Rows[j].FindControl("lbl")).Text;

                //Sell Order for loop
                for (int k = 0; k < gvSellOrderNo.Rows.Count; k++)
                {
                    //Product Details Gridview
                    GridView gvProductDetails = gvSellOrderNo.Rows[k].FindControl("gvProductDetails") as GridView;
                    string SO = ((Label)gvSellOrderNo.Rows[k].FindControl("lblSellOrderNo")).Text;
                    int retailer_Id = Convert.ToInt32(RetailerId);

                    //Product Details for loop
                    for (int l = 0; l < gvProductDetails.Rows.Count; l++)
                    {

                        //Warehouse Details Gridview
                        GridView gvWarehouseDetails = gvProductDetails.Rows[l].FindControl("gvWarehouseDetails") as GridView;

                        string ProductId = ((Label)gvProductDetails.Rows[l].FindControl("lblProductId")).Text;

                        //Warehouse Details for loop
                        for (int m = 0; m < gvWarehouseDetails.Rows.Count; m++)
                        {
                            TextBox txtQty = gvWarehouseDetails.Rows[m].FindControl("txtQty") as TextBox;
                            string LastValue = txtQty.Text.Split(',').Last();

                            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(LastValue) == false)
                            {
                                string Warehouse_Id = ((Label)gvWarehouseDetails.Rows[m].FindControl("lblWarehouseId")).Text;
                                int warehouse_id = Convert.ToInt32(Warehouse_Id);
                                string Qty = LastValue;

                                //Insert Query for Rs_Shipping_Detail_Mapping
                                ArrayList arr1 = new ArrayList();
                                arr1.Add("@shipping_order_code|" + ShippingCode + "");
                                arr1.Add("@retailer_id|" + retailer_Id + "");
                                arr1.Add("@sell_order_no|" + SO + "");
                                arr1.Add("@product_id|" + ProductId + "");
                                arr1.Add("@c_warehouse_id|" + warehouse_id + "");
                                arr1.Add("@shipping_group|" + ShippingGroup + "");
                                arr1.Add("@qty|" + Qty + "");

                                common cm1 = new common();
                                cm1.sp_execute("spInsert_Shipping_Detail_Mapping", arr1);

                                ////Generating Pdf for Each Sell Order
                                //if (m == gvWarehouseDetails.Rows.Count - 1)
                                //{
                                //    Generate_SellOrderWise_PDf(SO, ShippingCode, ShippingGroup);
                                //}
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Response.Redirect("../final-shipping-order/?SG=" + ShippingGroup, false);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrHandler.WriteError(ex.Message.ToString(), "Shipping-Order-btnSubmit_Click1()");
        cm4.con.Close();
    }
    finally
    {
        cm4.con.Close();
    }
}

Question :
1. How do I remove the commas from the textboxes?
2. Reason for these commas? (Why are the commas being generated on the button click?)
3. Limit for the Nested Gridview ?
Any help will be appreciated.

A: When you have duplicate form field names, the values are concatenated together with commas.
So, for example, if you have the following..
<input type="text" name="name" value="">
<input type="text" name="name" value="">

.. your resulting value on Request.Form postback looks like this:
name=,,

That's what's happening.
Here are a few possible solutions to your problem, though I have not tested any of them :)
1) UpdatePanel
From reading, it seems that if you create an UpdatePanel for the offending grid control (<asp:TextBox ID="txtQty" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>) , it removes this problem. Again, I have not tested this
2) Changing DataBind() behavior during Page_Load()
So...
page_load()
{
    if(!isPostBack())
    {
        // DataBind normally
        myGridview.DataBind();
    }
    else
    {
        //Some intelligent way to remove commas before binding
    }
}

... But that doesn't change the fact that the ,,,values are being posted in the first place. And so, if your primarily concerned with the end aesthetic and not behavior, you can just use JS to strip out the commas (as previously suggested hinted at.)
3) JS - Get Rid of the Commas:
(as suggested here)

Hope this helps :)
[Edit] - Validation
I would fire off validation using the .keydown() event. In your case, it might look something like this:
// Bind to each input with id='txtQty', in each row, in the "gridview" with id='gvWarehouseDetails'
 $("#gvWarehouseDetails tr input[id*='txtQty']").each(function () {
    $(this).keydown(function (event) { // <-- specifies the specific input
        // Validation logic goes here...
    });
});

A: The Ajax Control Toolkit is a viable solution, however support for it has become non-existent.  I'm assuming there is a level of dynamic control on that field.  In essence, the grid will display it at certain instances?
Either way, you could add a specific class to the field:
<asp:Textbox id="txtContent" runat="server" CssClass="Validator">

Essentially when the grid adds all of these fields to your page, they'll all have the Validator class.  So you can write JavaScript to actually strip the character out of the field, example:
$('.Validator').on('blur', function() {
     $(this).replace(',', '');
});

As soon as the focus changes, that field will remove the , from the field as soon as the mouse leaves the , will be removed from the field.
That is one approach, countless other options do exist as well to accomplish this.  This solution is pretty easy, agile, and light so it should be adequate.
Update:

The solution I chose shouldn't require a loop over those fields.  Simply because blur triggers whenever a change or focus is lost on that field.  Since you mentioned the , appears when the user clicks in the field.  Otherwise you could do validation on all the fields.  All you simply would need to do:
$('.Validator').each(function() {
     // Will iterate through each field.
});

So you could essentially use JavaScript yourself to validate those fields, or use a simple library such as Valid8 which will do all client-side validation.  No postback, all done client side before sent to the server to process.
Avoid:

*

*Update Panel - These are quite a pain and incredibly inefficient. The way they work basically is by taking your entire page and storing it memory then does an Ajax request and refreshes your page and pulls all the contents out of memory to place on the page.  Additionally it makes working with the Asp.Net Page Life Cycle incredibly difficult.

A: Hardik, how is txtQty.Text bound at first?
Does it come as an empty text box?
You using the code string LastValue = txtQty.Text.Split(',').Last(); to try go get rid of this comma values inserted or the values bound come with commas? I mean, you using the same UI culture from values in the database and the app or do you have to format it before displaying it?

A: I Don't know what is happening in your code. But If you want to get rid of Comma (',') then I should suggest one thing to you.
Add a reference of AjaxControlToolKit and register it in your aspx page as shown below:
<%@ Register TagPrefix="ajaxToolkit" Namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" Assembly="AjaxControlToolkit, Version=[VersionNumber], Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=[TokenNumber]" %>

Or You can refer How to install AJAX Control toolkit
Once you have installed AJAX Control Toolkit, Go to your page and in your grid TemplateField, below TextBox txtQty, add FilteredTextBoxExtender as shown below:
<asp:TemplateField>
    <ItemTemplate>
        <asp:TextBox ID="txtQty" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
        <ajaxToolkit:FilteredTextBoxExtender runat="server" InvalidChars="," FilterMode="InvalidChars" TargetControlID="txtQty" />
    </ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

By Adding FilterTextBoxExtender, It will not allow characters to be inserted which are mentioned as InvalidChars to the textbox 'txtQty'.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A massive shutdown of U.S. Customs and Border Protection systems caused major delays at some of the country's biggest airports, including New York, Miami, Chicago, Boston, Baltimore and Atlanta.
Lines were backed up for hours as the system experienced an outage for a few hours on Monday night.
Let's paint that picture for you so you can understand the true severity of this experience.
Say you took a fabulous New Year's vacation to Costa Rica. You partied, hung out on the beach and had a great time.
Now it's time for you to go back. You're sad because leaving a beach is always tragic.
You know you're headed for cold weather up in Chicago -- which will only get more unbearable as the winter weeks crawl by.
Not to mention, you have to go back to work.
So you get to the airport and make it through security. Your flight's on time, hooray! But it's completely full because New Year's travel.
Your suitcase doesn't fit in the overhead compartment because the plane's too full. Now you have to check it.
You sit down for the hours-long flight and notice a toddler behind you kicking your seat. You can't decide if the kicking toddler is better than his screaming baby sister.
But you do it. You make it back to Chicago.
Now you just have one final step before you can get to forced baggage claim and out of the airport and into an overpriced taxi and back to your apartment: You just have to make it through Customs.
But, lo and behold, there are a million people waiting for Customs.
You are stuck waiting at Customs for hours before you can avoid a "The Terminal" life and get out of the airport and back to your regularly scheduled end-of-vacation misery.
The system outage lasted about four hours. Officials were forced to process arrivals by hand, making lines last forever.
CBP took immediate action to address the issue and CBP officers continued to process international travelers using alternative procedures at airports experiencing the disruption. Travelers at some ports of entry experienced longer than usual wait times as CBP officers processed travelers as quickly as possible while maintaining the highest levels of security. During the technology disruption, CBP had access to national security-related databases and all travelers were screened according to security standards. At this time, there is no indication the service disruption was malicious in nature.
Basically, according to Customs, the system just went down (it wasn't hacked) -- on one of the busiest travel days of the year.
2017 is looking great so far, fam!


text:
Heinrich Theodor von Schön (ur. 1773 w Schreitlaugken koło Tylży, obecnie Litwa, zm. 23 lipca 1856 w Preußisch Arnau koło Królewca, obecnie Rodniki, Rosja) – niemiecki polityk, nadprezydent Prus Wschodnich i Zachodnich, promotor odbudowy zamku w Malborku.

Życiorys
Syn dzierżawcy majątku rolnego. Studiował na królewieckiej Albertynie prawo, nauki polityczne i filozofię, był uczniem Immanuela Kanta. Od 1793 działał w pruskiej służbie państwowej, m.in. w Białymstoku. Podczas pobytu w Anglii (1798) uległ trwałym wpływom liberalnych prądów politycznych, które łączył z etyką Kantowską. Należał do bliskich współpracowników ministra Karla vom Steina, dzieląc jego poglądy na uwłaszczenie chłopów i reformę organów państwowych. Podczas zajęcia przez Francuzów Berlina dwór królewski Friedricha Wilhelma III przenosi się do Królewca w 1807, gdzie pod kierownictwem Karla vom Steina grupa czołowych myślicieli pracuje do 1809 nad pakietem ustaw reformatorskich odnośnie do uwłaszczenia chłopów (Bauernbefreiung), konstytucji miast (Städteordnung) i organizacji urzędów państwowych średniego szczebla (Verwaltungsreform). Theodor von Schön odegrał istotną rolę w zrywie stanów wschodniopruskich przeciw Napoleonowi, choć nie był zwolennikiem bliskiej współpracy Prus z Rosją ("Er möge überzeugt seyn, daß wir die Rußische Apathie nicht weniger, als die Französiche Despotie haßten (...)). Stał na czele regencji w Gąbinie. W 1816 został nadprezydentem Prus Zachodnich, w 1824 również Prus Wschodnich, a 1829 zjednoczonej prowincji pruskiej, od 1840 w randze ministra stanu. Po opublikowaniu liberalnego manifestu Woher und Wohin? w 1842 r. został zwolniony ze służby państwowej przez króla Fryderyka Wilhelma IV. Wycofał się do swej podkrólewieckiej posiadłości wiejskiej Preussisch Arnau, która pozostała ośrodkiem życia kulturalnego i gospodarczego (m.in. 1844 założył Wschodniopruskie Towarzystwo Rolnicze). Mianowany jednocześnie przez monarchę "burgrafem Malborka", został obdarzony zadaniem dalszego kierowania odbudową zamku, której oddawał się z wielką energią już od 1817 r. (w 1907 r. odsłonięto tam głaz z tablicą pamiątkowa ku jego czci). W roku 1848 został delegatem na Pruskie Zgromadzenie Narodowe i jako prezydent senior inaugurował obrady w Berlinie. Został honorowym obywatelem Królewca i Wrocławia. Przed II wojną światową, od jego nazwiska nazwano dzisiejszą ulicę Piękną we Wrocławiu (Schönstrasse).

Pochowany obok żony i córki na wiejskim cmentarzu w Arnau. Obecnie ustawiono tam nowy nagrobek, w miejsce zniszczonego po II wojnie światowej.
Niekiedy określany jako Theodor Heinrich von Schön lub Theodor von Schön.

Bibliografia
 Theodor von Schön: Persönliche Schriften. Band 1: Die Autobiographischen Fragmente. Herausgegeben von Bernd Sösemann, bearbeitet von Albrecht Hoppe (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Band 53,1). Köln (Böhlau) 2006
 Theodor von Schön: Persönliche Schriften. Band 2: Reisen durch Deutschland, England und Schottland. Die Berichte an Schrötter und weitere Korrespondenzen 1795-1799. Herausgegeben von Bernd Sösemann, bearbeitet von Albrecht Hoppe (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Quellen, Band 53,2). Berlin (Duncker & Humblot) 2016
 Hartmut Boockmann, Die Marienburg im 19. Jahrhundert, Frankfurt am Main; Berlin; Wien, Propyläen Verl., 1982,

 Historia Pomorza, t. 3 (1815-1850), praca zbior. pod red. Gerarda Labudy, Poznań, Wydaw. PTPN, cz. 1, 1993, ; cz. 2, 1996, ; cz. 3, 2001,
 Maria Lubocka-Hoffmann, Zamek Malbork. Historia - architektura - konserwacja, zdjęcia Marek Żak, Elbląg, Służba Ochrony Zabytków; Bydgoszcz, Oficyna Wydaw. Excalibur, 2002,
 Helft bei der Rettung der Kirche in Arnau/Ostpreussen!, Lindhöft, Kuratorium Arnau, [ok. 2007]

Linki zewnętrzne
 Freie Universität Berlin (de)
 Kuratorium Arnau (de)

Nadprezydenci Prus Zachodnich
Ludzie związani z Królewcem
Ludzie związani z Malborkiem
Urodzeni w 1773
Zmarli w 1856


Sanofi (ENXTPA: SAN) reported earnings on March 7. Here are the numbers you need to know.
For the quarter ended Dec. 31 (Q4), Sanofi met expectations on revenues and met expectations on earnings per share.
Sanofi tallied revenue of $11.24 billion. The 11 analysts polled by S&P Capital IQ expected to see a top line of $11.26 billion on the same basis. GAAP reported sales were the same as the prior-year quarter's.
EPS came in at $1.57. The 12 earnings estimates compiled by S&P Capital IQ averaged $1.55 per share. Non-GAAP EPS of $1.57 for Q4 were 23% lower than the prior-year quarter's $2.03 per share. GAAP EPS of $0.41 for Q4 were 71% lower than the prior-year quarter's $1.40 per share.
Next quarter's average estimate for revenue is $10.71 billion. On the bottom line, the average EPS estimate is $1.76.
Next year's average estimate for revenue is $46.32 billion. The average EPS estimate is $7.76.
Of Wall Street recommendations tracked by S&P Capital IQ, the average opinion on Sanofi is outperform, with an average price target of $99.00.
Can your portfolio provide you with enough income to last through retirement? You'll need more than Sanofi. Learn how to maximize your investment income and "Secure Your Future With 9 Rock-Solid Dividend Stocks." Click here for instant access to this free report.
Add Sanofi to My Watchlist.
The article Golf Clap for Sanofi originally appeared on Fool.com.


A suspension bridge that was to shorten the travel distance between the Colombian capital Bogotá and Villavicencio has collapsed, resulting in the death of at least nine people.
The unfinished bridge is part of a government plan to boost economic development in the center of the country. The development calls for construction of a new road, including seven tunnels totaling 11.9km, 20 viaducts and bridges totaling 2.4km, and five footbridges. The project is part of Colombia's 4G highway concessions program.
The collapse of the Bogotá to Villavicencio highway sent columns of concrete and steel into the narrow Ríonegro gorge. The planned 614m bridge was just 20m from being completed, according to Colombia's Minister of Transport, Germán Cardona.
The distance between Bogotá and Villavicencio is 86km, but given the difficult terrain, travel can take up to three hours.
According to an eyewitness reports, at least 21 construction workers were on the bridge at the time one of two 258m high towers collapsed.


text:
A Ermida de São Sebastião é um edifício religioso, situado na freguesia de Martim Longo do Concelho de Alcoutim, no Distrito de Faro, em Portugal.

Caracterização
O santuário foi construído em data desconhecida, durante o final da Idade Média, como pode ser comprovado pelos seus contrafortes, tendo sido parcialmente reedificado em 1565. No seu interior, apresenta uma imagem de São Sebastião, de 1792. Esta ermida não se encontra aberta ao culto.

Património edificado em Alcoutim
Martim Longo
Martim Longo
Ermidas de Portugal


Here is a video I shot for The Bass Hang and DR Strings explaining and demonstrating the proper way to install DR Strings.
I have been using DR Strings for over 20 years and they are my GO-TO strings for all of my instruments. I have always been a huge advocate of the "Crimp-then-Cut" method of installing strings and DR Strings definitely suggests using this method. They also request you DO NOT STRETCH their strings and I couldn't agree more!! This is such an urban legend that you need to stretch strings to get them to tune properly, and it is a sign of a sub-par string if stretching is necessary.
DR Strings are some of the best made strings and in the 20+ years of using them I have never had any issues with any of their strings.
I used my MTD USA Saratoga 5 with Nordstrand Pickups and Preamp and a Colibri JBT 4 with Ulyate Pickups and an Audere Preamp loaded with Fat Beams for the recordings.
All recordings were made going through my A-Designs KGB-II straight into Logic Audio.
I'd like to thank DR Strings for their continued support through the years.


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Akon supplies plastic industrial curtains for warehouse factories where durability, flexibility, and long lasting performance are required. These curtains can be used to separate work areas, provide privacy, allow for wash down over- spray containment or a host of other applications.


January's Detroit Auto Show and Our Automotive Tape | Latest News from Converters, Inc.
This entry was posted in Automotive Industry and tagged automotive adhesives, automotive body fillers, automotive paint protection films, The Detroit Auto Show, The North American International Auto Show. Bookmark the permalink.


Google and all the other major search engines love blog's.
But to grab and keep the attention of the search engines you need to add posts to your blog on a regular basis, weekly if possible. So what can you blog about?
Here are a few ideas you can use to help you create a regular stream of interesting posts.
Sign up to a few emails, blogs, forums, RSS feeds about your type of business or service and look to for what the latest trends seem to be. When you blog about the latest trend, put your unique perspective on it. If you disagree with the latest trend why no write about that. Different views can develop into 'debates' that can come up with new suggestions/ideas.
Open up your daily newspaper, online news or your RSS news reader and see what's happening. Give your opinion about an interesting news story that mentions a common problem and, if possible, provide a workable solution and relate that answer to your business in some way.
If you've been in business for quite a while, you know the questions that clients ask you to answer over and over again. Instead of repeatedly responding to the same questions, write a series of blog posts that answer your target market's most frequently asked questions.
If clients hire you to solve a specific problem they're having, write a blog entry about the solution you came up with.
It's quite a good idea to list all the recent problems that you have helped your clients solve. By doing this you will have plenty of material for future blog entries. It's best not to use your clients name, address, email etc. Make the blog entry generic enough to hide your client's identity.
Blog about your experience with a product, book or service, highlighting both the high points and low points. Make a personal recommendation if the product is good and worth buying. This may even be an opportunity to earn some affiliate commission for the products you recommend.
Tell a story about what's happening in your life or in your business that would be useful or instructive for your blog readers. Chronicle both your highs and lows, your wins and your struggles.
One key to successful blogging is getting personal with your readers. The more "real" you are with your readers, the better your reader gets to know you and begins to like and trust you.
What people do you know and admire in your industry? If you admire them, chances are that members of your target market do as well.
Contact these experts and ask if they can provide answers to three to five questions about their lives, their businesses, industry trends or how to solve a particular problem. Publish the interviews as blog posts, adding audio and graphics if you have them. Make sure you have the experts permission to publish what they've said.
Find other blogs related to your industry, service or your target market. Add those to your blog reader and take an hour or two each week to read the posts on those blogs. Reading other blogs is a great way to generate ideas for your own blog.
Sometimes a blogging idea or concept will strike you when you don't need (or want) to blog. Begin a 'blog ideas file' by creating a document or spreadsheet to track your ideas and thoughts.
There's always something you can tell your target market. For example QBS PC Help publish articles based on the computer repairs we have undertaken. We also design the occasional website and provide SEO services to a few companies, so we also write about these subjects. We announce these new articles in our blog. This in turn directs people back to the main QBS PC Help website.
To liven up a tutorial you could use audio or video to explain a process. The tutorial may need to created in multiple parts, like Part 1, Part 2, etc., which would make for multiple posts to your blog.
Take an in-person or virtual tour of something useful to your readers. For example, if you're a beauty consultant, tour the top five online beauty related sites and report your experiences as a client in each. If you're a restaurant owner, visit three or four local restaurants and evaluate what's often overlooked in staff training based on your experience as a customer.
You get 280 characters in Twitter to write about something. If you need more space, or want to respond in greater length to someone's Tweet or Facebook status update, do so in your blog. Thought-provoking questions are often asked on Twitter, and the answers may inspire you to blog.
What are the top five blogs to read in your industry? How about the top five people to watch? What about the ten most useful online tools you use? Nothing attracts attention on a blog quicker than a list, so create one yourself or ask your readers to help you in the process.
Try attending a professional trade show, conference or networking event? You can then report about your experiences at the event on your blog. Talk about the workshops you attended, the vendors you met and the speakers you heard.
Each industry is plagued with myths and fallacies about success/failure or what does/doesn't work in that industry.
Use your blog to debunk some of the most common myths/preconceptions/notions in your industry and set the record straight. This sort of post can often result in a lively discussion, with many comments on your blog entry.
Typically the strategy/idea/technique you've discussed with a client will benefit your blog readers as well. The blog post should focus on the topic of the conversation, not the conversation itself.
These blogging tips will hopefully generate a few ideas for your blog entries. Take a look around your life, your business, your conversations with clients and colleagues and what's happening in the world around you. You'll soon begin to see plenty of opportunities that can be turned into successful blog posts.
If you find this list useful you may print a copy for your personal use. Just click the print button on your Internet browser. Make sure you select the Portrait view.


text:
Zéta
 Zéta, a görög ábécé hatodik betűje (dzéta) nevének változata
 Zéta, Gárdonyi Géza által alkotott magyar név
 Zéta, Gárdonyi Géza A láthatatlan ember című regényének főszereplője
 Zéta, Gárdonyi Géza színműve
 Zéta, magyar nemesítésű szőlőfajta
 Riemann-féle zéta-függvény

Zeta
 Zeta, folyó Montenegróban
 Zeta, Duklja történeti régió alternatív megnevezése a 11. századtól
 Zetai Fejedelemség, történelmi államalakulat a Délnyugat-Balkánon
 FK Zeta, montenegrói labdarúgócsapat
 Zeta Ambient, ambient stílusú zenei előadó
 ZETA, Zenetanárok Társasága
 Zeta (operációs rendszer)


Some of the more observant of you who actually ever look at the "attendance" page may have noticed that Doug is no longer listed there. Despite the healing of his eye, whose status I'm not sure is determined regarding compatibility with semi-contact sports like ours, he also has an ankle issue which means his current situation is "retired". As in permanently, unless something changes.
Those of you who go back to the beginning of this institution may recall back in those days that we started on the grass at Lister Hall, beside the artificial turf we've played on the last few weeks, when that artificial turf was older style and not nearly as good. It might not even have been there, I can't recall.
1990. 25 frickin' years ago. 25 years of year-round, play-in-any-weather football. We've played below -30C, above 30C, in snow to our knees, in torrential rain, on ice, on snow, in a parking lot, indoors, with women, with our progeny, and with drunken strangers. We've played in at least 6 different locations around the city, including Mark's out-and-gone location. It could be argued we even played on the road once, in Kamloops while a number of us were vacationing at Doug's Dad's old place on the lake.
This was pre-website & mailing list, pre-modern web-based internet, so this is our only history until 2003ish: the oral history. Handed down through the generations, 2 of which are currently actively playing.
For me, I'll always remember Doug calling himself on the down-out-down which I threw. It turned into a down-out-down-NO-LOOKOUT-STOP! into the field hockey goal Good thing he got the ball down between his rib and that solid metal base.
Something else which occurred to me after sending that around: For those of us current regulars who were there from the beginning (except maybe Paul) we've now been playing Sunday Football for more than HALF of our lives!
That's quite an institution. I plan to assemble a retrospective of pictures of Doug from the years gone by.
I count 10 locations...11 if you count Lister grass and art turf separately.
Also played east of Mill Creek Ravine in deep snow, before we moved to the parking lot at Hazeldean.
Depending upon if you count the parking lot at Hazeldean, it's 11 or 12.
We also played once around the ball diamond by Donnan Arena and whatever that curling rink is called.


Voxtelesys > Blog > Business Solutions > Call Center > Are You Putting Your Best Foot Forward?
Predictive dialer calls that sound like "bad connections" could mean missed connections!
Predictive and auto dialers are great for call center productivity, but are they secretly hurting your conversion rates? Here's why your business might benefit from using premium dialer routes! This infographic helps illustrate what premium dialer routes can do for your call center and why some carriers leave you with poor call quality.


text:
activity Java::org.ruboto.test_app.SubclassActivity

setup do |activity|
  start = Time.now
  loop do
    @text_view = activity.findViewById(42)
    @list_view = activity.findViewById(43)
    break if (@text_view && @list_view) || (Time.now - start > 60)
    sleep 1
  end
  assert @text_view
  assert @list_view
end

test('item click sets text', ui: false) do |activity|
  activity.run_on_ui_thread do
    @list_view.performItemClick(@list_view, 1, 1)
    assert_equal '[Record one]', @text_view.text
  end
end

class MyObject < java.lang.Object
  attr_reader :my_param

  def initialize(my_param)
    super()
    @my_param = my_param
  end

  def equals(x)
    !super
  end
end

test('add constructor with parameter', ui: false) do
  o = MyObject.new('It works!')
  assert_equal 'It works!', o.my_param
end

test('call instance method super', ui: false) do
  o = MyObject.new('It works!')
  assert !o.equals(o)
end

class MyJRubyAdapter < org.ruboto.JRubyAdapter
  def self.isDebugBuild
    !super
  end
end

test('call super from static subclass method', ui: false) do
  a = org.ruboto.JRubyAdapter
  b = MyJRubyAdapter
  assert a.isDebugBuild != b.isDebugBuild
end


text:
Watch Live: DC officials provide update on inauguration security 42 MIN Breaking News: COVID-19 in Louisiana: Tracking cases, deaths and latest restrictions Breaking News: Click here for frequently asked Louisiana unemployment questions Breaking News: LHA offers tips to those seeking COVID-19 vaccine appointments Breaking News: LDH: 209 vaccine providers in all 64 parishes will receive COVID-19 vaccine this week Breaking News: Who gets the COVID-19 vaccine first in Louisiana? Breaking News: Sign up for our Coronavirus & Rossen Reports Newsletters <% if ( weatherAlerts > 0 ) { %> Severe Weather <% var weatherAlertsMessage = "There " + ( weatherAlerts > 1 ? "are" : "is" ) + " currently " + weatherAlerts + " active weather " + ( weatherAlerts > 1 ? "alerts" : "alert" ); %>
'I'm happy to be here': California family saves property from wildfire with retired fire truck
Stephanie Lin
TELL THE TELL. STEPHANIE: THEY FACED OFF AGAINST AN INFERNO O FLAMES THREATENING THEIR FAMILY HOME IN WINTERS ON A TUESDAY NIGHT. >> GREAT. RIGHT ON OUR PROPERTY. STEPHANIE: THE WOMEN EVACUATED WHEN THE PHONE CALL CAME FROM CAL FIRE AT 11:30. IT WAS SCARY TO WALK OUT AND SEE THE WHOLE HILLSIDE ON FIRE. OUR NEIGHBOR UP THERE WAS COMPLETE WE SURROUNDED. STEPHANI AFTER NEARLY SEVEN HOURS OF WORK, THE MEN SAVED TH PROPERTY. WHILE THEY ARE NOT PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTERS, THE FAMILY SAYS THE KEYWORD'S PREPARATION. WE KEEP THE LAND AROUND THE PROPERTY CLEAN AND TRIMMED. GREG EVEN PICKED UP A RETIRED FIRE TRUCK WHICH REALLY CAME IN HANDY THAT FATEFUL MIGHT. HAVING SO MANY FIRES AROUND HERE, YOU GET USED TO IT. IT'S LIKE LIVING IN THE MIDWEST AND GETTING A TORNADO. STEPHANIE: THIS MASSIVE WATER TA ALSO JUST INSTALLED ON THE RANCH. >> WHEN THE FIRE CAME AND WE USED THE TRUCK, WE WERE ABLE TO DIP THE HOSES IN THIS. STEPHANIE: AFTER SUCCESSFULLY SAVING THEIR HOME, THE FAMILY BOUGHT ANOTHER FIRE TRUCK. THIS ONE CAN HOLD UP TO 1200 GALLONS OF WATER. THE SIRENS STILL WORK. >> WE HAVE A LOT OF HISTORY WITH THIS PLACE. OUR KIDS GREW UP. THAT WAS REALLY IMPORTANT TO US. STEPHANIE: THE VALUE OF THIS RANCH, PRICELESS TO THE FAMILY. KELLY MOVED HERE FROM WASHINGTON. >> IT'S OUR FIRST HOME TOGETHER. IT IS SO PERSONAL. HE BUILT IT WITH HIS HANDS. I'M HAPPY TO BE HERE. I HAVE TWO TRUCKS THAT WILL SAVE US IF WE NEED TO FIND ANOTHER FIRE. STEPHA
A family in Winters, California, recently saved their home from an incoming wildfire and lived to tell the tale. "It was scary to walk out the front porch and see the whole hillside on fire," recalled Kellie Neilsen, who is living on the property with her fiancé, Nick Bonovich. "Our neighbor up there was completely surrounded ."Bonovich received a phone call from Cal Fire around 11:30 p.m. on Aug. 25, alerting him to evacuate. "I see flames coming down, and I'm like, 'Uh-oh, we gotta get going,'" Bonovich said. "Seeing those flames, it was kind of scary at first, but then adrenaline kicks in."The Bonovich ranch is surrounded by walnut orchards on two sides, and the land there is well irrigated as a result. The family maintains plenty of defensible space around the property and keeps the vegetation trimmed down with the help of grazing cattle.The night of the fire, the Bonovich men — father Greg and his two sons Nick and Jake — sprang into action, hosing back the flames with water pulled from a newly installed 2,500-gallon tank and mopping up hot spots with an old fire truck Greg Bonovich acquired online. After nearly seven hours of work, the men saved the property. "Just having so many fires around here, you kind of just get used to it," Jake Bonovich said. "It's like living in the Midwest and getting a tornado, you know."After successfully saving their home, the family acquired a second fire truck that can hold up to 1,200 gallons of water and the sirens still work. "We have a lot of history with this place and our kids growing up here, so that was really important to us to keep that," said mother Kristine Bonovich.The value of the ranch is priceless to the family. "I'm happy to be here," Kristine Bonovich added. "I have two trucks that will save us if we need to fight another fire."
WINTERS, Calif. —
A family in Winters, California, recently saved their home from an incoming wildfire and lived to tell the tale.
"It was scary to walk out the front porch and see the whole hillside on fire," recalled Kellie Neilsen, who is living on the property with her fiancé, Nick Bonovich. "Our neighbor up there was completely surrounded [by flames]."
Bonovich received a phone call from Cal Fire around 11:30 p.m. on Aug. 25, alerting him to evacuate.
"I see flames coming down, and I'm like, 'Uh-oh, we gotta get going,'" Bonovich said. "Seeing those flames, it was kind of scary at first, but then adrenaline kicks in."
The Bonovich ranch is surrounded by walnut orchards on two sides, and the land there is well irrigated as a result. The family maintains plenty of defensible space around the property and keeps the vegetation trimmed down with the help of grazing cattle.
The night of the fire, the Bonovich men — father Greg and his two sons Nick and Jake — sprang into action, hosing back the flames with water pulled from a newly installed 2,500-gallon tank and mopping up hot spots with an old fire truck Greg Bonovich acquired online. After nearly seven hours of work, the men saved the property.
"Just having so many fires around here, you kind of just get used to it," Jake Bonovich said. "It's like living in the Midwest and getting a tornado, you know."
After successfully saving their home, the family acquired a second fire truck that can hold up to 1,200 gallons of water and the sirens still work.
"We have a lot of history with this place and our kids growing up here, so that was really important to us to keep that," said mother Kristine Bonovich.
The value of the ranch is priceless to the family.
"I'm happy to be here," Kristine Bonovich added. "I have two trucks that will save us if we need to fight another fire."
Family of firefighters protects their California home from wildfire


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text:
Pope rejects appeal from closed Mass. parishes
Pope Benedict XVI has rejected an appeal from a group of Boston-area parishioners who asked him to reverse a seven-year-old decision to close their churches, some of which have been occupied sin...
BOSTON – Pope Benedict XVI has rejected an appeal from a group of Boston-area parishioners who asked him to reverse a seven-year-old decision to close their churches, some of which have been occupied since in protest.
The pope's ruling was relayed in a Dec. 15 letter to Peter Borre, head of the Council of Parishes, which sent the last-ditch appeal in October. Borre said he received the letter at his home Monday.
The letter, written by a top Vatican diplomat, undersecretary of state Archbishop Fernando Filoni, said the pope was informed about the appeal and Filoni's office had carefully studied it.
"I regret, however, to inform you that His Holiness has decided not to accept your appeal," Filoni wrote.
Filoni added, "He has likewise asked me to assure you of a remembrance in his prayers in these difficult times."
The appeal to the pope came after the Vatican's highest court turned down in May the appeals of several churches closed by the Boston Archdiocese after it began a broad reconfiguration in 2004.
The appeal to Benedict decried the "veritable massacre" of parishes in the archdiocese, and argued a reversal of the closings would strengthen the church's mission of evangelization.
Borre said the appeal was "in the full sense of the word, a Hail Mary," and has said he doesn't expect the parishes to be restored as they were.
But he said Tuesday that he was heartened by Benedict's attention and expression of sympathy, which he said might help as his group works to reopen the closed churches as Catholic places of worship, instead of full parishes.
Benedict's response leaves his group "encouraged to press ahead to protect the churches in Boston from being sold as scrap," Borre said.
Terry Donilon, a spokesman for the Boston archdiocese, said he sees "no possible way that the (parishes) would ever reopen in any form."
"They are closed," he said. "The decisions that have come out of the Vatican have affirmed that."
The archdiocese was struggling with financial problems, declining membership and a priest shortage when it began its reconfiguration, which reduced the number of parishes from 357 to 291. Parishioners at several churches, though, refused to leave, saying their churches were healthy and being liquidated to pay the costs of settling with victims of the clergy sex abuse scandal — a charge the archdiocese has adamantly denied.
Five parishes remain in vigil, some around the clock.
In recent month, officials from the archdiocese have met with those sitting vigil to try to persuade them to end the protests. None have agreed to, and Borre has said some are considering forming breakaway groups.
The appeal to the pope also raised the worry that parishioners might be forcibly removed from the churches, as has happened in other parishes. But Borre said that after Benedict's expression of concern, "It strikes me it would be really unwise for the archbishop of Boston to call in the cops."
On Tuesday, Donilon repeated that the archdiocese is seeking a peaceful end to the vigils. "No one wants to drag people out; no one wants to take aggressive action," he said.
But he also reiterated that the vigils "are going to end at some point."
"We have 291 parishes that are open, that are welcoming, that are ready, willing and able to have the folks in vigil join them in celebrating their faith," Donilon said. "It's time."
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text:
Neighbourhood Design: The history and the future
Posted on 8th January, 2017 by Peijun Yao
Neighbourhood Design
The principles of neighbourhood design, such as walking distance (400m), a clear centre, identifiable edges, mixture of people and land use, and street pattern (small blocks 80 by 200 m max), are directed to design liveable neighbourhoods.
(figure 1)
Origins of the Idea
There were three trends shaping the 20th century: Anti-urbanism (suburbs), Urbanism (large cities, modernism), and Micro-urbanism (Garden cities, New towns, New urbanism, Urban villages, Eco-towns). The Micro-urbanism, also called New Town Movement, originated from polluted, overcrowded, and poor living conditions in growing Victorian cities. And peole started to search for ideal cities and take experiments in model settlements. Beside that, the ideal of living in the countryside, and railways and suburban sprawl are another origins of this movement.
Garden Cities
In the end of 19th century, there are problems of polluted, overcrowded, unhealthy in big cities. Howard thus put forward " the town- country magnet" ideal which called "Garden City". "The town magnet" attracts people to immigrate to over-crowded cities and it would lead to countries depleted.
Human society and natural beauty can be enjoyed together in this model: a town is built 6000 acres from the centre and covers 1000 acres. Six 120 feet wide boulevards divides the city to six equal parts. A well-watered garden surrounded by public buildings at the centre become a central park. The "Crystal Palace" runs around the park, and then it stands a ring of Fifth Avenue, excellent houses and a 420 feet wide avenue occupied by public schools and churches. On the outer ring are factories, warehouses, dairies, markets, coal yards, timber yards, which face to the circle railway.
Postwar New Towns
After the World War II, it was a generation of the New Towns and decentralization was the key thing of it. In London, during the first generation (1946-50), the ideal model includes small new towns (30,000 population), balanced and self-contained, suburban character, overspill of large city populations, limited mobility, neighbourhood units, cul-de-sacs, and modernist design.
Then the second generation (1960s) is larger towns, more mobility and choice, and more modern. Here is an example of Washington, which is a car-based design city. Villages are around the road network.
New Urbanism is a model in America, which includes two versions: Traditional Neighbourhood Development (TND) and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD).
In this model, the centre of each neighbourhood should be defined by a public space and activated by locally oriented civic and commercial facilities; each neighbourhood should accommodate a range of household types and land uses; cars should be kept in perspective; and architecture should respond to the surrounding buildings and spaces and to local traditions.
Future of the Idea
Governments have taken different planning approaches to pursuit the ideal cities around the world. The example of Tianfu New District, acts as a new Garden City in China.
After fast economic development in China, the problems of population and ill-health have become serious. It holds the second largest number of vehicle (about 3.89 millions in 2016) and high PM2.5 index.The government considers to apply a sustainable way of the past to manage the city.
Tianfu New District response the problems of urban sprawl by considering improved air quality, less traffic and better health for residents. Here, the proposed garden city is located on the outskirts of Chengdu, China's fourth-biggest city and home to 14 million people. "Clusters of skyscrapers emerge from leafy avenues, and a monorail swoops through trees. The sheer scale of the development is striking, with 13 new residential zones, specialist employment areas covering everything from electronics to modern agriculture, and major infrastructure projects, including a central park inspired by New York."
This area will be completed in 2030. We look forward to its well applying the Garden City model.
Ames, D., Taking Letchworth to Chengdu: can garden cities work in China? Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/housing-network/2014/dec/02/garden-cities-china-chengdu-letchworth
Howard, E., Author's Introduction and The Town-Country Magnet, in The City Reader.
"New Urbanism". En.wikipedia.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 23 Jan. 2017.
Osborn, F., & Whittick, A. (1963). The new towns : The answer to megalopolis. London: L. Hill.
Image resource:
Figure 1: Walkability and Public Transport, taken from: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sogE2ckyrLo/UOo4c86d5jI/AAAAAAAADMk/tJk5PE8FtSg/s1600/LNCS4.JPG
Figure 2: taken from: Neighbourhood Design, 2016. Lecture
Figure 3: Garden City concept, taken from: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Garden_City_Concept_by_Howard.jpg/1280px-Garden_City_Concept_by_Howard.jpg
Figure 4: Three magnets, taken from: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Lorategi-hiriaren_diagrama_1902.jpg
Figure 5: Washington villages around a road network, taken from: Neighbourhood Design, 2016. Lecture
Figure 7: An artist's impression of Tianfu New Area, taken from: https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/11/24/1416853905296/An-artists-impression-of–012.jpg
garden citiesNeighbourhood designurban design