text:
\section{Introduction}
As the quantities to measure the extendedness of a particle,
there are two important physical quantities:\ the magnetic dipole
moment ({\bf $\m$},MDM) and the electric dipole moment (${\bf d}$,EDM).
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal O}_1\ =\ \frac{e}{2m}F_{ab}{\bar \psi}\si^{ab}\psi\sim\ -{\bf \m}\cdot{\bf B}\com\nn
{\cal O}_2\ =\ \frac{e}{2m}F_{ab}{\bar \psi}\gago\si^{ab}\psi\sim\ -{\bf d}\cdot{\bf E}
\com
\label{Int1}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\bf B}$ is the magnetic flux density vector and ${\bf E}$ is the electric field vector.
Both quantities, ${\cal O}_1$ and ${\cal O}_2$, have the physical dimension of $M^5$
(higher-dimensional operators). Hence they do not appear in the starting Lagrangian, and
usually appear only through the quantum effect.
In particular EDM term, ${\cal O}_2$, violates the CP-symmetry. Because of this, the experimental efforts
to measure EDM, as well as MDM, has been made vigorously. The latest result of
the upper bounds are
\begin{eqnarray}
d_n\q <\q 2.9\times 10^{-26}\ \mbox{e}\cdot\mbox{cm}\ (\mbox{\cite{nEDM0602}})\com\nn
d_e\q <\q 1.6\times 10^{-27}\ \mbox{e}\cdot\mbox{cm}\ (\mbox{\cite{eEDM02}})
\com
\label{Int2}
\end{eqnarray}
where $d_n$ is the neutron EDM and $d_e$ is the electron EDM.
EDM term can appear in the standard model, but the estimated magnitude is
$d_n=10^{-32}$e$\cdot$cm.\cite{Gavela82,KZ82,MCHP87}
This is far less than the present experimental bound.
Hence the detection of EDM implies the new physics beyond the standard model.
Thirring\cite{Thirr72}, very long time ago, showed EDM, as well as MDM,
appear in a 4D model reduced from the 5 dimensional model, Kaluza-Klein theory.
The expected magnitude is far less than the experimental upper bound
even at the present time. Although the result is numerically not interesting,
it has some qualitatively-interesting features such as the dual relation.
In the recent development of the unified theories using the extra dimension(s),
Randall-Sundrum\cite{RS9905,RS9906} model has become one of the strong candidates
for the realistic model.
In the original papers by Randall and Sundrum,
the comparison between the two models is made mainly in the
mass hierarchy.
Here we focus on another aspect, that is,
the {\it magnetic and electric dipole moment} terms.

The Kaluza-Klein theory has the long history.\cite{Kal21,Klein26}
It is characterized by {\it compactifying}
the extra manifold. In this procedure
the radius of the compact manifold, $1/\mu$, is introduced
as the size parameter.
On the other hand, in the Randall-Sundrum model\cite{RS9905,RS9906},
the {\it localized} configuration in the extra space is utilized,
instead of compactifying the extra space. In this procedure
the size parameter, $1/k$, of the localization
("thickness" of the wall) is introduced.
Both approaches accomplish the dimensional reduction
by adjusting the size parameters.

The content of this paper is based on the result of Ref.\cite{KEK01,SI02PR}.

\section{Kaluza-Klein Theory}
The 5D space-time manifold is described by the 4D coordinates
$x^a$ ($a=0,1,2,3$) and an {\it extra} coordinate $y$. We also use
the notation ($X^m$)=($x^a, y$), ($m=0,1,2,3,5$).
With the general 5D metric $\gh_{mn}$,
\begin{eqnarray}
ds^2=\gh_{mn}(X)dX^mdX^n
\com
\label{KK1}
\end{eqnarray}
we assume the $S^1$ compactification condition for the
extra space.
\begin{eqnarray}
\gh_{mn}(x,y)=\gh_{mn}(x,y+\frac{2\pi}{\mu})
\com
\label{KK1b}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mu^{-1}$ is the {\it radius} of the extra space circle.
We specify the form of the metric as
\begin{eqnarray}
ds^2=
g_{ab}(x)dx^adx^b+\e^{2\si(x)}(dy-fA_a(x)dx^a)^2
\com
\label{KK1c}
\end{eqnarray}
where $g_{ab}(x), A_a(x)$ and $\si(x)$ are all 4D quantities, namely,
the 4D metric, the U(1) gauge field and the dilaton (Weyl scale) field,
respectively.
$f$ is a coupling constant.
This specification is based on the
following additional assumptions.

\begin{description}
\item[1.]
$y$ is a {\it space} (not time) coordinate.
\item[2.]
The geometry is invariant under
the U(1) symmetry:\
$y\ra y+\La(x),\ A_a(x)\ra A_a(x)+\frac{1}{f}\pl_a\La$ .
\item[3.]
We ignore the massive modes in the KK-expansion of $\gh_{mn}(x,y)$.
\end{description}

We take the Cartan formalism to introduce Dirac fermions and
to compute the geometric
quantities such as the connection and
the Riemann curvature\cite{Thirr72}.
The f\"{u}nf-bein $\ehat^\m_{~m}$
is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
(\ehat^\m_{~m})=\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
e^\al_{~a} & 0 \\
-fe^\si A_a   & e^\si
\end{array}
                 \right)
\label{KK7}
\end{eqnarray}
The connection is given as
\begin{eqnarray}
\omhat^\fbar_{~\fbar
=-\half\pl_a\si~dx^a
\com\q
\omhat^\fbar_{~\al}=-\omhat_\al^{~\fbar}
=\half\pl_a\si~e_\al^{~a}\thhat^\fbar -\frac{f}{2}e^\si F_\ab\thhat^\be\com\nn
\omhat^\al_{~\be}=\om^\al_{~\be}
+\frac{f}{2}e^\si F^\al_{~\be}~\thhat^\fbar\com\
F_{ab}=\pl_aA_b-\pl_bA_a\com\q
F_\ab\equiv e_\al^{~a}e_\be^{~b}F_{ab}
\com
\label{KK9}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\om^\al_{~\be}$ is the 4D connection.
The 5D Riemann scalar curvature
$\Rhat^{\m~\n}_{~\n~\m}$ can be decomposed as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Rhat=R+\frac{f^2}{4}e^{2\si}F^\ab F_\ab
+\half\pl_a\si\pl_b\si g^{ab}+\half\na^2\si
\com
\label{KK12}
\end{eqnarray}
which shows the theory of {\it gravity},
{\it electro-magnetism} and the dilaton in
the 4D world.

We consider the simple case $\si=0$ for the present purpose.
\section{Fermions in Kaluza-Klein Theory}
The 5D Dirac equation is generally given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\{
\ga^\m\ehat_\m^{~m}\frac{\pl}{\pl X^m}
+\frac{1}{8}(\omhat^\si)_\mn\ga_\si [\ga^\m,\ga^\n]+\mhat
\right\}\psihat=0
\pr
\label{ferKK1}
\end{eqnarray}
$\mhat$ is the mass parameter of the 5D fermion
($-\infty<\mhat<\infty$).
$(\omhat^\si)_\mn$ is the spin connection.
For simplicity we switch off the 4D gravity:
$e^\al_{~a}\ra\del^\al_a\ ,\ \om^\al_{~\be}\ra 0$.
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\{
\ga^a(\pl_a+fA_a\pl_5)+\ga^5\pl_5
-\frac{f}{16}F_{ab}\ga^5[\ga^a,\ga^b]+\mhat
\right\}\psihat=0
\com
\label{ferKK2}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\pl_5=\pl/\pl y$. \nl
\nl
(A) Charged Fermion\nl
Corresponding to a {\it massive} mode in the {\it 4D reduction},
we consider the following form for a charged fermion.
\begin{eqnarray}
\psihat(x,y)=\e^{i(\phi\gago+\m y)}\psi(x)
\pr
\label{ferKK3}
\end{eqnarray}
Here we regard the charged fermion as a KK-{\it massive} mode.
The {\it phase parameter} $\phi$ is chosen as
\begin{eqnarray}
(i\gago\m+\mhat)\e^{2i\phi\gago}
=\sqrt{{\mhat}^2+\m^2}\equiv M\pr\nn
(i)\ \mhat\neq 0\ :\q\tan 2\phi=-\frac{\m}{\mhat}\ ,\nn
-\frac{\pi}{2}<2\phi\leq 0 \ \ \mbox{for}\ \mhat>0;\ \
\pi\leq 2\phi< \frac{3\pi}{2}\ \ \mbox{for}\ \mhat<0
\pr\nn
(ii)\ \mhat=0\ :\q 2\phi=-\frac{\pi}{2}\pr
\label{ferKK4}
\end{eqnarray}
See the lower half region of Fig.1.
\begin{figure}[th]
\centerline{
\psfig{file=angle2.eps,width=5cm}
           }
\vspace*{8pt}
   \caption{
Fig.1\ The angle parameter $\phi$ which defines the 4D charged
fermion in the KK dimensional reduction (\ref{ferKK3}).
$\mhat$ is the 5D fermion mass parameter, $\m^{-1}$ is the
size of the extra compact manifold.
$-\pi/2 <2\phi\leq 0\ \mbox{for}\ \mhat>0;\
\pi \leq 2\phi< 3\pi/2\ \mbox{for}\ \mhat<0;\
2\phi=-\pi/2\ \mbox{for}\ \mhat=0$.
The upper half region gives the same 4D fermion action
as the lower half region by the transformation $\psi\ra\gago\psi$.
           }
\end{figure}

Then (\ref{ferKK2}) reduces to
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\{
\ga^a(\pl_a+ieA_a)+M
-\frac{1}{16M}(\mhat\frac{e}{\m}-ie\gago)F_{ab}\gago [\ga^a,\ga^b]
\right\}\psi=0
\com
\label{ferKK5}
\end{eqnarray}
where $e\equiv f\m$ is the {\it electric coupling constant}.
$M$ is identified as a 4D fermion mass.
We notice, in this expression,
the EDM and  the MDM naturally appear\cite{Thirr72}.
We consider the following two limits:\
\begin{description}
\item[(i) CP-preserved limit [Small radius limit, 4D limit]]\nl
$\mhat/\m \ra \pm 0$,$2\phi\ra
-(\pi/2-0)$ [$3\pi/2-0$] for upper [lower] sign;\
\item[(ii) CP-extremely-violated limit [Large radius limit, 5D limit]]\nl
$\mhat/\m \ra \pm\infty$, $2\phi\ra -0$ [$\pi+0$] for upper [lower] sign.
\end{description}
From these results, we see CP-violation comes from the presence
of the connection term in (\ref{ferKK1}) (5 dimensionality itself),
while the introduction of the phase parameter $\phi$ in (\ref{ferKK3})
makes MDM appear. (cf. Kobayashi-Maskawa's CP-phase. )
\nl
\nl
(B) Neutral Fermion\nl
We regard the neutral fermion as the {\it zero} mode of the KK-expansion.
\begin{eqnarray}
\psihat(x,y)=\psi(x)\com\nn
\left\{
\ga^a\pl_a
-\frac{f}{16}F_{ab}\ga^5[\ga^a,\ga^b]+\mhat
\right\}\psi(x)=0\pr
\label{ferKK6b}
\end{eqnarray}
Only the EDM term appears.
Although the fermion has no charge, the
dipole moment appears. This case is similar to the limit (ii).\nl
\nl

Let us do the order estimation. From the reduction
\begin{eqnarray}
S=-\frac{1}{2G_5}\int d^5X\sqrt{-\gh}\Rhat=
-\frac{1}{2G_5}\frac{2\pi}{\m}\int d^4x
\sqrt{-g}(R+\frac{f^2}{4}F^\ab F_\ab+\cdots)
\com
\label{ferKK7}
\end{eqnarray}
we know
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{G_5\m}\sim \frac{1}{G}\com\q
\frac{f^2}{G_5\m}\sim 1
\com
\label{ferKK8}
\end{eqnarray}
where $G$ is the (4D) gravitational constant.
This gives $f\sim \sqrt{G}=10^{-19}\mbox{GeV}^{-1}$.
On the other hand, we know $e=\m f\sim 10^{-1}$.
Hence we obtain $\m\sim 10^{-1}f^{-1}\sim 10^{18}\mbox{GeV}$.
We originally have four parameters, $\mhat, \m, G_5$ and $f$.
Among them we have the two relations (\ref{ferKK8}) from the
observation. We have another restriction among them from
the present theoretical knowledge.
The most natural interpretation of the parameters is
that $\m^{-1}$ is the {\it infrared regularization}, $\mhat$ is
the energy scale of this 5D KK system. Then the validity
of the 5D {\it classical} treatment requires that
the 5D Planck mass $\gg |\mhat|$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{G_5}}\sim\sqrt[3]{100}\m
\gg |\mhat|\com
\label{ferKK8b}
\end{eqnarray}
and this reduces to, through the previous parameter
relations and values, $|\mhat|\ll 10^{19}$GeV.

Now we consider the following three cases
in order to evaluate the EDM and MDM couplings.
(Note that the Planck length $\sim\ 10^{-32}$cm.)
\begin{description}
\item[(0) $|\mhat|\sim\m$]
We can estimate
the electric and magnetic couplings as
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{|\mhat|}{M\m}e
\sim 10^{-32}~\mbox{e cm}\com\q
\frac{e}{M}
\sim 10^{-32}~\frac{\mbox{cm}}{\mbox{e}}/\mu_0
\com
\label{ferKK9}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mu_0$ is the permeability constant.
\footnote{
Bohr magneton e$\hbar/$2m$_e$=$1.7\times 10^{-12}$ ($\hbar\cdot$cm/e)/$\m_0$.
}
Both electric and magnetic moment terms
equally appear.
In this case, however, the theoretical restriction (\ref{ferKK8b})
is not so well satisfied.
\item[(i) $|\mhat|\ll\m$(small radius, 4D limit),
CP-preserved limit]
We can estimate as
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\mhat}{M\m}e\sim\frac{\mhat}{\m}\times 10^{-32}~\mbox{e cm}\ ,\
\frac{e}{M}\sim\frac{e}{\m}\sim 10^{-32}~\frac{\mbox{cm}}{\mbox{e}}/\mu_0\
\pr
\label{ferKK10}
\end{eqnarray}
In this case the EDM coupling is suppressed by the
factor of the mass parameter ratio $\frac{|\mhat|}{\m}$($\ll 1$).
The theoretical restriction (\ref{ferKK8b})
is satisfied, hence this parameter region is well controlled
theoretically.
\item[(ii) $|\mhat|\gg\m$(large radius, 5D limit),
CP-extremely-violated limit]
We can estimate as
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{|\mhat|}{M\m}e\sim\frac{e}{\m}\sim 10^{-32}~\mbox{e cm}\com\q
\frac{e}{M}\sim\frac{\m}{|\mhat|}\times 10^{-32}~\frac{\mbox{cm}}{\mbox{e}}/\mu_0\
\pr
\label{ferKK11}
\end{eqnarray}
In this case the MDM coupling is suppressed by the
factor $\frac{\m}{|\mhat|}$($\ll 1$).
The theoretical restriction (\ref{ferKK8b}), however,
is not satisfied. This implies the 5D {\it quantum} effect can not be
negligible in this parameter region.
\end{description}
We note that the ratio of
the two massive parameters,
(the radius of the extra space)$^{-1}$ $\m$ and
the 5D fermion mass $\mhat$, controls
the {\it dual} aspect (electric versus magnetic) of the theory.
This point will be compared with the RS case later.

As for the EDM,
all cases are {\it far below} the experimental upper bound
described in (\ref{Int2}).
As for the MDM,
we know, (from the formula:\
$e/2m$,) the order
of the observed values are
$10^{-11}$ ~$\frac{\mbox{cm}}{\mbox{e}}/\mu_0$ for the electron,
$10^{-14}$ ~$\frac{\mbox{cm}}{\mbox{e}}/\mu_0$ for the proton,
$10^{-16}$ ~$\frac{\mbox{cm}}{\mbox{e}}/\mu_0$  for the top quark.
The prediction of 5D KK theory is {\it superweak} compared with these values.
Hence the present model is viable
but quantitatively not so attractive.
We are, at present,
content with the qualitatively interesting points.

Thirring\cite{Thirr72} showed that
the CP-violating term (EDM term) appears
not because the discrete symmetries
(charge conjugation, parity and time reversal)
do not exist in
the Dirac equation (\ref{ferKK5}),
but because they
appear in the form which differs from the ordinary one.

\section{Fermions in Randall-Sundrum Theory
}
We consider the following 5D space-time geometry\cite{RS9905,RS9906}.
\begin{eqnarray}
ds^2=\e^{-2\si(y)}\eta_{ab}dx^adx^b+dy^2
=\gh_{mn}dX^mdX^n\com\nn
-\infty<y<+\infty\ ,\ -\infty<x^a<+\infty
\com
\label{RS1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\si(y)$ is a "scale factor" field.
$(\eta_{ab})=\mbox{diag}(-1,1,1,1)$.
When the geometry is AdS$_5$, $\si(y)=c|y|, c>0$.

The f\"{u}nf-bein
$\ehat^\m_{~m}$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
(\ehat^\m_{~m})=\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
e^{-\si}\eta^\al_{~a} & 0 \\
0   & 1
\end{array}
                 \right)
                 \pr
\label{RS4}
\end{eqnarray}
We obtain the connection 1-form
$\omhat^\m_{~\n}$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
\omhat^\fbar_{~\fbar}=0\com\q
\omhat^\al_{~\fbar}=-\omhat_\fbar^{~\al}=-\si'\theta^\al\com\q
\omhat^\fbar_{~\al}=-\omhat_\al^{~\fbar}=\si'\theta_\al\com\q
\omhat^\al_{~\be}=0
\com
\label{RS5}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\si'=\frac{d\si}{dy}$.

The 5D Dirac Lagrangian in the RS theory is given,
from (\ref{ferKK1}) and the results of Sec.4, as
\begin{eqnarray}
\sqrt{-\gh}(\Lcal^{Dirac}+i\mhat(y){\bar \psihat}\psihat)=
i\e^{-\frac{3}{2}\si}{\bar \psihat}\{
\ga^a\pl_a-2\e^{-\si}(\fourth\si'-\half\pl_y)\gago
                      +\mhat(y) e^{-\si}  \}(\e^{-\frac{3}{2}\si}\psihat),
\label{ferRS1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mhat$ is the 5D fermion mass $-\infty<\mhat<+\infty$.
For the later use, we here allow $\mhat$ to have the $y$-dependence :\
$\mhat=\mhat(y)$.

Let us do the dimensional reduction from 5D to 4D
\cite{KS00,GN99,CHNOY99}.
We take the following form of expansion.
\begin{eqnarray}
\psihat(x,y)=\sum_n (\psi^n_L(x)\xi_n(y)+\psi^n_R(x)\eta_n(y)),\nn
\gago\psi_L(x)=-\psi_L(x)\com\q
\gago\psi_R(x)=+\psi_R(x)
\com
\label{ferRS2}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\{\xi_n(y),\eta_n(y)\}$ is a complete set of some
eigenfunctions to be determined.
For simplicity, we consider
the "5D-{\it parity}" even case for $\psihat(x,y)$.
\begin{eqnarray}
\gago\psihat(x,-y)=+\psihat(x,y)
\pr
\label{ferRS3}
\end{eqnarray}
This requires $\xi_n(y)$ to be an {\it odd} function and
$\eta_n(y)$ to be an {\it even} function with respect to
the {\it $Z_2$ transformation}:\ $y\change -y$.
\begin{eqnarray}
\xi_n(-y)=-\xi_n(y)\com\q \eta_n(-y)=+\eta_n(y)
\pr
\label{ferRS4}
\end{eqnarray}
From these we get the following important boundary
conditions,
\begin{eqnarray}
\xi_n(0)=0\q\mbox{(Dirichlet)}\com\q
\pl_y\eta_n|_{y=0}=0\q\mbox{(Neumann)}
\com
\label{ferRS4b}
\end{eqnarray}
when $\xi_n(y)$ and $\pl_y\eta_n(y)$ are continuous
at $y=0$.
The Lagrangian reduces to
\begin{eqnarray}
\sqrt{-\gh}(\Lcal^{Dirac}+i\mhat(y){\bar \psihat}\psihat)
=i\sum_m(\psibar^m_L\xitil_m(y)+\psibar^m_R\etatil_m(y))\times\nn
\sum_n\{
\ga^a\pl_a\psi^n_L\xitil_n-
\e^{-\si}(\frac{\si'}{2}-\pl_y)(-\psi^n_L)\xitil_n+
\ga^a\pl_a\psi^n_R\etatil_n-
\e^{-\si}(\frac{\si'}{2}-\pl_y)\psi^n_R\etatil_n      \nn
+\e^{-\si}\mhat(y) (\psi^n_L\xitil_n+\psi^n_R\etatil_n)
  \}
\com
\label{ferRS5}
\end{eqnarray}
where we define $\xitil_n\equiv \e^{-\frac{3}{2}\si}\xi_n$ and
$\etatil_n\equiv \e^{-\frac{3}{2}\si}\eta_n$.

We now take the set of eigenfunctions $\{\xitil_n,\etatil_n\}$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
\e^{-\si}(\frac{\si'}{2}-\pl_y)\xitil_n
+\e^{-\si}\mhat(y)\xitil_n=m_n\etatil_n\ ,\nn
-\e^{-\si}(\frac{\si'}{2}-\pl_y)\etatil_n
+\e^{-\si}\mhat(y)\etatil_n=m_n\xitil_n
,
\label{ferRS6}
\end{eqnarray}
which are orthnormalized as
\begin{eqnarray}
\int^\infty_{-\infty}dy~\xitil_n(y)\xitil_m(y)=
\int^\infty_{-\infty}dy~\etatil_n(y)\etatil_m(y)=\del_{nm}\com\
\int^\infty_{-\infty}dy~\xitil_n(y)\etatil_m(y)=0
\ .
\label{ferRS7}
\end{eqnarray}
Then the 5D action (\ref{ferRS1}) finally reduces to the sum of 4D {\it free}
fermions.
\begin{eqnarray}
\int d^5X\sqrt{-\gh}(\Lcal^{Dirac}+i\mhat(y){\bar \psihat}\psihat)=\nn
i\int d^4x\sum_n\{
\psibar^n_L(\ga^a\pl_a\psi^n_L+m_n\psi^n_R)+
\psibar^n_R(\ga^a\pl_a\psi^n_R+m_n\psi^n_L)
                \}
.
\label{ferRS8}
\end{eqnarray}
The information of this fermion dynamics is now in
the set of the eigen values
$\{m_n\}$ determined by (\ref{ferRS6}).

From the coupled equation (\ref{ferRS6}) with respect to
$\xitil_n$ and $\etatil_n$, we get
the differential equation for $\xitil_n$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
\e^{-2\si}[\frac{\si''}{2}-\frac{3}{4}{\si'}^2
+2\si'\pl_y-\mhat(y)\si'+{\mhat(y)}^2
-{\pl_y}^2+{\mhat(y)}']\xitil_n={m_n}^2\xitil_n
\pr
\label{ferRS9}
\end{eqnarray}
For simplicity, we consider the {\it thin wall limit}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\si(y)=\om|y| \com\q \si'(y)=\om\ep(y)\com\q
\si''(y)=2\om\del(y)\com\nn
\q\q\q\q\q\mhat(y)=\mtil\ep(y)\com\q\mhat'(y)=2\mtil\del(y)
\com
\label{ferRS10}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\om(>0)$ and $\mtil(>0)$ are some constants.
$\ep(y)$ is the sign function:\
$\ep(y)=1$ for $y>0$ and $\ep(y)=-1$ for $y<0$
\ ($\ep'(y)=2\del(y)$).
In this
limit, the equation (\ref{ferRS9}) can be explicitly
solved.
\begin{eqnarray}
\e^{-2\om|y|}[(\om+2\mtil)\del(y)-\frac{3}{4}\om^2
+2\om\ep(y)\pl_y-\mtil\om+\mtil^2
-{\pl_y}^2]\xitil_n={m_n}^2\xitil_n
\com
\label{ferRS11}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\ep(y)}^2=1$ is used. The presence of $\del(y)$ indicates
a singularity of the solution at $y=0$. First
let us see the solution in the region $y>0$.
In terms of a new coordinate $z\equiv\frac{1}{\om}\e^{\om y}$,
the above equation reduces to the {\it Bessel differential
equation}.
\begin{eqnarray}
\{{\pl_z}^2-\frac{1}{z}\pl_z+\frac{1-\n^2}{z^2}
+{m_n}^2\}\xitil_n=0\com\q
\n=|\frac{\mtil}{\om}-\half|
\pr
\label{ferRS12}
\end{eqnarray}
The solution $\xitil_n$ is obtained as
\begin{eqnarray}
\xitil_n(y)=\frac{1}{(\om z)^{3/2}}\xi_n(z)
=z\{ J_\n(m_nz)+c_nN_\n(m_nz)\}\com\q
c_n=-\frac{J_\n(m_n/\om)}{N_\n(m_n/\om)}
\com
\label{ferRS13}
\end{eqnarray}
where $c_n$ is determined by the Dirichlet boundary
condition (\ref{ferRS4b}). $J_\n(z)$ and $N_\n(z)$
are two independent Bessel functions.
As for the solution valid for the full region $-\infty < y < \infty$,
we can obtain, taking into accout the singularity at $y=0$ and
the odd property (\ref{ferRS4}), as
\begin{eqnarray}
\xitil_n(y)=\mbox{e}^{-3\om|y|/2}\xi_n(y)
=\frac{\ep(y)}{\om}\mbox{e}^{\om|y|}\{ J_3(\frac{m_n}{\om}\mbox{e}^{\om|y|})
+c_nN_3(\frac{m_n}{\om}\mbox{e}^{\om|y|})\}\com\nn
c_n=-\frac{J_3(m_n/\om)}{N_3(m_n/\om)}
\com
\label{ferRS14}
\end{eqnarray}
where the parameter $\nu$ in (\ref{ferRS13})
is fixed to be 3. ($\mtil=-\frac{5}{2}\om$)
With the above
explicit solution of $\xitil_n$, we can obtain $\etatil_n$
using the first equation of (\ref{ferRS6}).
Another boundary condition (Neumann) on $\eta_n$ (\ref{ferRS4b})
gives us the set $\{m_n\}$ as the zeros of some combination
of Bessel functions.

The importance of the 5D mass "function" $\mhat(y)$ is now clear.
In the next section, we explain  its origin in the {\it bulk} field theory.
Nature requires the {\it Yukawa interaction}
between the 5D fermion and the 5D Higgs\cite{BG99}.

\section{Bulk Higgs Mechanism and Massless Chiral Fermion Localization}
One of the most important characters of the brane world model
is the {\it massless chiral fermion localization}. It is phenomenologically
attractive because the smallness of the quark and lepton masses,
compared with the Planck mass,
could be naturally explained. Theoretically it is also necessary
as the dimensional reduction mechanism. The feature comes from
the $Z_2$ ($y\change -y$) properties of the system.
The most natural way to introduce the properties
is to use the
{\it Higgs mechanism} in the bulk world.
\footnote
{In the case of the flat space-time,
Rubakov and Shaposhnikov\cite{RS83}
proposed a domain wall model
caused by the bulk Higgs potential.
}

Let us examine the case the fermion system has
the Yukawa coupling with the bulk Higgs field.
\begin{eqnarray}
\sqrt{-\gh}\Lcal=\sqrt{-\gh}(\Lcal^{Dirac}+\Lcal^Y)\com\q
\Lcal^Y=ig_Y{\bar \psihat}\psihat\Phi
\com
\label{yuka1}
\end{eqnarray}
where the Higgs field $\Phi$ is the 5D(bulk) scalar field
and $g_Y$ is the Yukawa coupling.
We assume that the Higgs field, besides
the "scale factor" field $\si(y)$,
is some background given by
the (classical) field equation of
the 5D gravity-Higgs system.
\begin{eqnarray}
\sqrt{-\gh}(\Lcal^{grav}+\Lcal^S)\com\q
\Lcal^{grav}=\frac{-1}{2G_5}{\hat R}\com\q
\Lcal^{S}=-\half\na_m\Phi\na^m\Phi-V(\Phi)
\com
\label{yuka2}
\end{eqnarray}
where
$V(\Phi)$ is the ordinary Higgs potential.
In ref.\cite{SI0003,SI0107}, it is shown that the above
gravity-Higgs system has a {\it stable} kink (domain wall)
solution for the case $\Phi=\Phi(y)$.
In the IR asymptotic region far from the wall,
$\si'(y)$ and $\Phi(y)$ behave as
\begin{eqnarray}
\si'(y)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}+\om,\ \ ky\ra +\infty\\
                               -\om,\ \ ky\ra -\infty
                \end{array}\right.\com\q
\Phi(y)=\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
+\vz,\ \ ky\ra +\infty \\
-\vz,\ \ ky\ra -\infty

\end{array}
                 \right.
\com\label{yuka3}
\end{eqnarray}
where $k$(the inverse of thickness), $\om$(brane tension)
and $\vz$(5D Higgs vacuum expectation value) are some positive
constants expressed by a free parameter, the vacuum parameters
and the 5D gravitational constant. Near the origin of the extra axis
($k|y|\ll 1$), they behave as
\begin{eqnarray}
\si'(y)=\om\tanh (ky)
\com\q
\Phi(y)=\vz\tanh (ky)
\pr
\label{yuka4}
\end{eqnarray}

The dimensional reduction to 4D is performed by
taking the the {\it thin wall} limit $k\ra \infty$,
which is precisely defined as
\begin{eqnarray}
k\gg \frac{1}{r_c}
\pr
\label{yuka4b}
\end{eqnarray}
where $r_c$ is the {\it infrared cutoff}
of the extra axis ($-r_c<y<r_c$). (See ref.\cite{SI0003}.)
In this limit, above quantities behave as
$\si'(y)\ra \om\ep(y),\ \Phi(y)\ra \vz\ep(y)$.
All dimensional parameters are
a) ${G_5}^{-1/3}$:\ 5D Planck mass;\
b) $|\mhat|=g_Y\vz$:\ 5D fermion mass;\
c) $k^{-1}$:\ thickness of the domain;\
d) $r_c$:\ Infrared regularization of the extra axis.
Among them  there exists a theoretical restriction
from the requirement:\
5D {\it classical} treatment works well.
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{G_5}}\gg k\com
\label{yuka4c}
\end{eqnarray}

The 5D Dirac equation of (\ref{yuka1})
 is given by (cf. eq.(\ref{ferRS1})),
\begin{eqnarray}
i\e^{\si}\{
\ga^a\pl_a-2\e^{-\si}(\si'-\half\pl_y)\gago+g_Y\e^{-\si}\Phi
                           \}\psihat=0
\pr
\label{yuka5}
\end{eqnarray}
This is just the lagragian of (\ref{ferRS1})
with $\mhat(y)=g_Y\Phi(y)$.
Let us examine a solution of the left chirality zero mode.
\begin{eqnarray}
\psihat(x,y)=\psi^0_L(x)\eta(y)\com\q
\gago\psi^0_L=-\psi^0_L\com\q
\ga^a\pl_a\psi^0_L=0
\pr
\label{yuka6}
\end{eqnarray}
The equation (\ref{yuka5}) reduces to
\begin{eqnarray}
\pl_y\eta=(2\si'+g_Y\Phi(y))\eta
\pr
\label{yuka7}
\end{eqnarray}
In the IR asymptotic region($k|y|\gg 1$),
the solution behaves as
\begin{eqnarray}
\eta(y)=\mbox{const}\times \e^{(g_Y\vz+2\om)|y|}
\com
\label{yuka8}
\end{eqnarray}
which shows the {\it exponentially damping} for the case:\
$g_Y\vz+2\om<0$\cite{BG99}.
This is called
{\it massless chiral fermion localization}. Near the origin
of the extra axis($k|y|\ll 1$), $\eta(y)$ behaves as
\begin{eqnarray}
\eta(y)=\mbox{const}\times \e^{\frac{k}{2}(g_Y\vz+2\om)y^2}
\com
\label{yuka9}
\end{eqnarray}
which shows the {\it Gaussian damping}. The behavior is shown
in Fig.2. It shows the {\it regular} property of the solution.
For the right chirality zero-mode, we can show the same behavior
using the anti-kink solution instead of the kink solution (\ref{yuka3}).
\begin{figure}[th]
\centerline{
\psfig{file=local2.eps,width=5cm}
           }
\vspace*{8pt}
   \caption{
Fig.2\ Behavior of the fermion along the extra axis.
           }
\end{figure}

\section{Five Dimensional QED
and Bulk Quantum Effect}
Let us examine the 5D QED,
$\Lcal^{QED}=-e{\bar \psihat}
\ga^\m\ehat_\m^{~m}\psihat A_m$,
with the Yukawa interaction in RS geometry.
\begin{eqnarray}
\sqrt{-\gh}(\Lcal^{Dirac}+\Lcal^{QED}+\Lcal^Y)\nn
=\sqrt{-\gh}\left[ i{\bar \psihat}
\left\{
\ga^\m\ehat_\m^{~m}(\pl_m+ieA_m)
+\frac{1}{8}(\omhat^\si)_\mn\ga_\si [\ga^\m,\ga^\n]
\right\}\psihat+ig_Y{\bar \psihat}\psihat\Phi
                \right]
\pr
\label{qed1}
\end{eqnarray}
The kinetic (propagator) part for
the electromagnetic, gravitational and Higgs fields is
provided by
\begin{eqnarray}
\sqrt{-\gh}(\Lcal^{EM}+\Lcal^{grav}+\Lcal^S)\com\q
\Lcal^{EM}=-\fourth \gh^{mn}\gh^{kl}F_{mk}F_{nl}
\com
\label{qed2}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Lcal^{grav}$ and $\Lcal^S$ are given in (\ref{yuka2}).
We assume, as in Sect.4 and 5, $\gh^{mn}$ and $\Phi$ are
the brane background fields obtained as the stable
solution of the system $\Lcal^{grav}+\Lcal^S$.

We have introduced the Yukawa coupling in order to localize
the fermion on the wall. This model, however, is still
unsatisfactory in that
the vector (gauge) field is {\it not localized}\cite{BG99}. One resolution
is to take 6D model\cite{Oda00}. Here we are content only with
the fermion part and do not pursue this
problem.

Let us examine the {\it bulk quantum} effect. It induces the 5D
effective action $S_{eff}$ which reduces to a 4D action
in the {\it thin wall} limit. From the diagram of Fig.3, we expect
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\del S^{(1)}_{eff}}{\del A^\mu(X)}\equiv
<J_\m>\sim e^2g_Y\ep_{\mn\ls\tau}\Phi F^{\nu\la}F^{\si\tau}
\pr
\label{qed3}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{figure}[th]
\centerline{
\psfig{file=anomaly2.eps,height=3cm}
           }
\vspace*{8pt}
   \caption{
Fig.3\ A bulk quantum-loop diagram. The diagram induces the effective action
$S^{(1)}_{eff}$.
          }
\end{figure}
Then the effective action is integrated as
\begin{eqnarray}
S^{(1)}_{eff}\sim
e^2g_Y\int d^5X\ep_{\mn\ls\tau}\Phi A^\m F^{\nu\la}F^{\si\tau}
\pr
\label{qed4}
\end{eqnarray}
In the {\it thin wall limit} we may approximate as
$\Phi=\Phi(y)\sim \vz\ep(y)$ where $\ep(y)$ is the step function.
(See the description below (\ref{yuka4}).)
Under the U(1) gauge transformation $\del A^\m=\pl^\m\La$,
$S^{(1)}_{eff}$ changes as
\begin{eqnarray}
\del_\La S^{(1)}_{eff}\sim
e^2g_Y\vz\int d^5X\ep_{\mn\ls\tau}\ep(y) \pl^\m\La
F^{\nu\la}F^{\si\tau}\nn
=e^2g_Y\vz\int d^5X\{
\pl^\m(\ep_{\mn\ls\tau}\ep(y) \La F^{\nu\la}F^{\si\tau})
-\ep_{5\nu\ls\tau}\del(y) \La F^{\nu\la}F^{\si\tau}
                    \}\nn
=-e^2g_Y\vz\int d^4x
\La(x) F^{\ab}{\tilde F}_{\ab}
\com
\label{qed5}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\tilde F}_{\ab}\equiv \ep_{\ab\ga\del}F^{\ga\del}$.
In the above we assume that the boundary term vanishes.
Callan and Harvey interpreted this result as the "anomaly flow"
between the boundary (our 4D world) and the bulk\cite{CH85}.
Through the analysis of
the {\it induced action} in the bulk,
we can see the {\it dual} aspect of the 4D QED.

Another interesting bulk quantum effect is given by Fig.4.
\begin{figure}[th]
\centerline{
\psfig{file=magne2.eps,height=3cm}
           }
\vspace*{8pt}
   \caption{
Fig.4\ A bulk quantum-loop diagram. The diagram induces the effective action
$S^{(2)}_{eff}$.
            }
\end{figure}
The induced effective action $S^{(2)}_{eff}$ is expected
to satisfy
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\del S^{(2)}_{eff}}{\del F^\mn}\equiv
<J_\mn>\sim e^2g_Y\ep_{\mn\ls\tau}\pl^\la\Phi
{\bar \psihat}\Si^{\si\tau}\psihat
\pr
\label{qed6}
\end{eqnarray}
Then $S^{(2)}_{eff}$ is obtained as, in the thin wall limit,
\begin{eqnarray}
S^{(2)}_{eff}
\sim e^2g_Y\ep_{\mn\ls\tau}\int d^5X\pl^\la\Phi\,F^\mn
{\bar \psihat}\Si^{\si\tau}\psihat\nn
= e^2g_Y\vz\ep_{\ab\gd}\int d^4x F^\ab
{\bar \psi}\si^{\gd}\psi
= -ie^2g_Y\vz\int d^4x F^\ab
{\bar \psi}\gago\si_{\ab}\psi
\pr
\label{qed7}
\end{eqnarray}
This term is the EDM term of
(\ref{ferKK5}). The coupling
depends on the vacuum expectation value of $\Phi$,
$\vz=<\Phi>$ which are, at present, not known.
In order to estimate the magnitude of the
coupling, it is necessary to apply this model
to the quark-lepton (electro-weak) theory and fix
the value. We expect the magnitude could be
sufficiently large so that the result can be tested
by present or near-future experiments.

The appearance of the EDM term corresponds
to the CP-extremely-violated case (ii) $|\mhat|\gg \m$ of Sec.3.
We compare the parameter relation with the thin wall relation
(\ref{yuka4b}) $k\gg 1/r_c$.
Because the parameter $\m$ in KK case corresponds to $1/r_c$ in RS case,
we notice the 5D fermion mass in KK case ($|\mhat|$) corresponds to
the inverse of the thickness in RS case ($k$).

The more fascinating view on the correspondence
is that
{\it the RS approach and the KK one are "dual" each other}.
We compare the above thin wall limit
with the small radius limit (i) $|\mhat|\ll \m$ of Sec.3.
The thin wall limit, which is regarded as the dimensional reduction,
can be consistently taken in RS model and EDM term naturally appears
there. CP is {\it not preserved}.
The theoretical treatment is justified as far as the relations
(\ref{yuka4b}) and (\ref{yuka4c}) are satisfied:\
$1/\sqrt[3]{G_5}\gg k\gg 1/r_c$.
While, in the KK case, the dimensional reduction takes place
in the case (i) of Sec.3,
which can be controlled theoretically as far as
the relation (\ref{ferKK8b})
$1/\sqrt[3]{G_5}=\sqrt[3]{100}\m\geq\m\gg|\mhat|$
is satisfied. MDM term
naturally appears and CP is {\it preserved} here.

In the effective action evaluation, the bulk Higgs field
$\Phi(y)$ plays an important role. It serves as a
bridge between the bulk world and the 4D world.
\section{Discussion and Conclusion}
Since the appearance of EDM in the Randall-Sundrum model was pointed out
in Ref.\cite{KEK01,SI02PR},
several years have passed. The difficulty of the analysis is due to
the lack of the proper treatment of the bulk quantum effects. (We do not have
the renormalizable higher dimensional theory.) Practically, however, an effective
approach called "spurion analysis" has been developed. In Ref.\cite{APS0406,APS0408},
the neutron EDM is estimated, in the RSII model, using the approach. They
find the estimated value is 20 times larger than the current experimental
bound and it reveals a "CP problem".

The present approach to this bulk quantum theory is
different from the above one. We take
the {\it induced effective action} method. It has been
used in relation to
the chiral and Weyl anomalies.
Famous successful ones are 2D WZNW model derived
from the 2D QCD \cite{PW83PLB}
and 2D induced quantum gravity\cite{Pol87MPL}.
We have examined mainly the thin wall limit.
In order to examine the configuration off the limit,
we can take some numerical approach.

We have comparatively examined the KK model and the RS model.
Both have attractive features as the higher dimensional
unification models.
The periodic functions appear in the former case,
while the Bessel functions characteristically appear
in the latter case. The dual property is controlled by
two scale parameters, $\mhat$ and $\mu$ in the KK case
whereas $k$ and $r_c$ in the RS case.
In particular we stress that, as was pointed out by
Thirring for the KK case, the CP-violation term naturally
appears also in the RS model.

Finally we list the correspondence in Table 1.
\nl
\nl

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
             & Kaluza-Klein           & Randall-Sundrum               \\
\hline
electric charge  & $e=f\m$,\ $f$:free para. & $e$:free para. \\
\hline
U(1) sym.  & $y\ra y+\La(x),$ transl. in \{y\}&
                       $A_m\ra A_m+\pl_m\La,$ internal sym. \\
           & $A_a(x)\ra A_a(x)+\frac{1}{f}\pl_a\La$ & $(X^m)=(x^a,y)$:\ fixed\\
\hline
asym. geometry  & $S^1\times {\cal M}_4$ & AdS$_5$\ $(\om,\mtil=g_Y\vz)$
                                                    \\
\hline
           & a massive KK mode for  & 5D bulk Higgs vacuum      \\
           & charged fermion $\psi$,  &   $<\Phi>=\pm\vz, y\ra\pm\infty$ \\
vacuum     & 0-th KK modes for  &  kink sol., $Z_2$-symmetry       \\
           & $g_{ab}, A_a, \si$ and &           \\
           & neutral fermion          &             \\
\hline
4D fermion mass & $\sqrt{\mhat^2+\m^2}$ & $g_Y\vz\times$overlap-int.\\
\hline
physical scale & $\mhat$\ :5D fermion mass  & $k$\ :(thickness)$^{-1}$ \\
\hline
global size  & $\m^{-1}$\ :radius of extra $S^1$    &  $r_c$\ :IR cutoff   \\
             & $y\ra y+2\pi\m^{-1}$ , periodic & $-r_c\leq y\leq r_c$      \\
\hline
dimensional       & $\m\gg\mhat$        &  $k\gg 1/r_c$     \\
reduction cond.   & small radius limit  & thin-wall limit   \\
\hline
5D classical      & $1/\sqrt[3]{G_5}\sim \sqrt[3]{100}\m\gg\mhat$
                                        & $1/\sqrt[3]{G_5}\gg k$  \\
condition         &                     &   \\
\hline
mode functions   & $\e^{ik\m y},k\in {\bf Z}$
                               & $J_\n(m_kz),N_\n(m_kz),\n=|\half-\mtil/\om|$\\
in extra space   & periodic func.
                             & $z\om=\e^{\om y}$, $k\in {\bf Z}$,Bessel func.\\
\hline
CP property      & MDM in small radius   & EDM in thin wall   \\
                 & limit, CP-preserved   & limit, CP-violated  \\
\hline
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\q}                                                 \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{Table 1\ \ Comparison of
KK model and RS model.  }\\
\end{tabular}

\vs 1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
'Jihadist call' notwithstanding, exec claims this could be good for crypto-market
Anjali Jain
The founder of Citadel, Kenneth Griffin, has taken a hard swipe at cryptocurrency proponents. In fact, he believes that their energy would be better channeled in more nationalistic pursuits.
Speaking during an interview with the Economic Club of Chicago, the Founder of Citadel Securities, one of the world's biggest market-making firms, said,
"I wish all this passion and energy that went to crypto was directed towards making the United States stronger."
He further opined,
"It's a jihadist call that we don't believe in the dollar. What a crazy concept this is that we as a country embrace so many bright talented people to come up with a replacement for our reserve currency."
This is, interestingly, far from the reason why his firm doesn't trade in cryptocurrencies.
According to the billionaire, Citadel does carry out trades in other companies he has a disliking for, especially since there is demand from the firm's online partners.
Further, while Griffin mentioned that it isn't his place to advise Americans between right and wrong, he believes cryptocurrencies are an entirely different story.
In this case, Citadel's decision to refrain has stemmed from a lack of regulatory clarity in the industry. He elaborated.
"Because of the lack of regulatory certainty around cryptocurrency, we just aren't involved today. I just don't want to take on the regulatory risk in this regulatory void that some of my contemporaries are ready to take on."
"Regulatory clarity needs to kick in"
He also agreed that SEC Chairperson Gary Gensler is "spot-on" in arguing that crypto will become mainstream only if regulators lay out clear and thoughtful rules. Gensler has been on his toes for the past month, leading the regulatory body through an examination of various aspects of the industry.
Regulatory clarity will also increase competition in the market, turning it smaller in size, according to Griffin.
"And that will be good. A small market, less people involved who are frankly just trying to make a quick buck."
That wasn't all Griffin had to say, however. The exec believes that the involvement of top-tier market makers like Citadel would change the "pretty nebulous virtues of the product." Such involvement, however, will be predicated on regulatory certainty. That will be one of the prime requirements of brokers, he concluded.
Related Topics:Gary GenslerKenneth GriffinSEC
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EOS, Basic Attention Token, DASH Price Analysis: 06 October
Anjali is a full-time journalist at AMBCrypto. With a strong background in humanities, her personal inclination lies towards the political and socio-economic aspects of the crypto-sphere
U.S. SEC probes deeper into crypto compliance: What does it entail?
Why Ripple's predicted victory could be SEC's regulatory undoing?
U.S. SEC charges crypto trader for 'orchestrating' attack on Mango Markets
Grayscale sends reply brief to SEC in ETF Suit: What's next?
SEC charges Gemini and Genesis for selling unregistered securities
Binance.US-Voyager deal gets green light from bankruptcy court

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Delicious Meatball Foil Packet Meals are so easy to make in the oven, over a campfire or on a grill! These Tater Tot Meatball Foil Packets are an entire meal! They have juicy meatballs, crisp tater tots, vegetables and of course cheese for an entire meal in a foil packet!
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How long do you cook foil packets on the grill?
The packets will be placed directly on the grill and cooked for 30 minutes until the meatballs are hot and steaming and tater tots are golden crispy brown!
Can you freeze foil packet meals?
Actually you can, portion the meatballs, tater tots and veggies between the different sheets of foil. Add the seasoning salt. Seal well and tuck them into the freezer. Open and sprinkle on the cheese before tucking them on the grill.
Preheat the grill 350 degrees or prepare your campfire.
In a bowl mix together all ingredients.
Divide the mixture between the foil sheets.
Fold each piece of foil up into a packet and seal.
Set the packets directly on the grill and cook for 30 minutes.
More great foil meals? Here are some delicious options!
What's your favorite meal in a packet? Comment below and let me know! Love to have a five star rating on this recipe after you've given it a try. It's super yummy, you'll love it!
Delicious Foil Packet Meals are so easy to make in the oven, over a campfire or on a grill! These Tater Tot Meatball Foil Packets are an entire meal! They have juicy meatballs, crisp tater tots, vegetables and of course cheese for an entire meal in a foil packet!
Preheat grill or oven to 350 degrees or prepare campfire.
Measure out eight 8'' x 12'' pieces of heavy duty aluminum foil and spray with nonstick spray.
Divide the mixture between the eight foil sheets. Fold each piece of foil up into a pack. Fold two opposing sides together and then crimp the edges closed. Double wrap if you don't have heavy duty aluminum foil.
Set the packets directly on the grill or in the oven on a sheet pan and cook for 30 minutes or until everything is warmed through. You can also cook these over your campfire on a grate. Serve immediately.
This is a recipe I have not seen or thought of and looks like the perfect "individual" family meal! Yum!
Comfort food made on the grill?? SIGN ME UP!!
Right?! Comfort food for the win!
This would be the best camping food ever! I totally want to try this!
This is recipe is perfect for camping for sitting around the backyard bonfire! So much fun!!
Such a fun idea and so delicious!
I can never say no to it!
This was great for meal planning! I made them up and froze half and the frozen ones came out great!


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Yesterday I glanced out of my kitchen window and saw a bicycle ride by. It was Michael. He always has a boyish appearance, with a bright baseball cap and torn jeans. Getting to know him, I've learned that he isn't a young guy, in fact, he has an adult son.
Michael is one of the many homeless that have become a fixture of our downtown church location since beginning our ministry at Citychurch. He even worked in our church's kitchen for a period of time, but it was short-lived since he was let go because of thievery.
I have two thoughts as I see Michael ride past my house.
One, I feel thankful that I live on a street where people we encounter, try to love, in our ministry downtown would ride past my home.
Two, I wonder about Michael's son. The last time I talked to Michael, in the middle of this summer while I was in the neighborhood delivering lunches to kids, Michael's son was enrolling for college. I wonder how his son is doing in college. I wonder how he feels having a bike-riding, panhandling, homeless dad. I wonder if it makes him driven to become something, ashamed, or both. I wonder how I would feel if my dad was homeless.
This week has been hard for me. My husband has been out of town, and he makes home feel like home. He makes church feel like our church. I've felt very unconnected to the people around me. I've felt like my heart is homeless.
I am trying to be thankful for this feeling. I am trying to be thankful for the reminder that this world isn't my home.
I've felt like an outsider this week, and that is what He calls us to be. Jesus was our example. Jesus was just as homeless as Michael. Jesus lived as an outsider; he died as an outsider. We love, do good, and share with the outsiders because He was an outsider and so are we.
I would like to say that it is all very beautiful to feel like an outsider, and I've loved everyone so well because of this reminder. I haven't handled this week well at all. I've pushed others away. I've felt sorry for myself. I've worried; I've wept.
Feeling like an outsider isn't easy.
He promises to equip us. I'm counting on that today. I need it badly.
Sometimes we need Jesus to equip us to just make it through a hard week or two, and sometimes we need Jesus to equip us to actually share with actual homeless men, women, and children. I don't want to overstate me and my homeless-feeling heart. It is nothing compared to the trauma, hurt, and needs of people who don't have a home at all. Sitting in my lovely home, longing for the fulfillment that Heaven will some day bring would sound like such a luxury to many in my city and many more in the poverty of third world countries.
Let us strive to love the outsider, whether that outsider is a fellow human in need or that outsider is just us.
I like to share music on my blog. Here's a song for you. There's nothing wrong with an instrumental interlude now and then.


text:
Indira S. Somani, Ph.D.
Fulbright in India
Life on the Ganges
Filming in India
Research in India
Teaching in India
Indira Somani
On Monday, I went to Tirupati to see the Sri Venkateswara Temple. I've always wanted to come here, but I didn't know what to expect. I didn't realize it was this beautiful drive up the Tirumala Hill to get to the temple. Once we got my ticket, I didn't have to wait in line for hours for my darshan. I was in a VIP line that moved quickly, and my darshan was at 8pm. But like everyone else, I only had a second to look at Lord Venkateswara. Once you stand in front of the idol, the temple staff pushes you along to keep the line moving. There are a number of armed officers with machine guns in the surroundings, since the gold idol is worth a lot of money. The spot for hundi is outside the worship area in a big white sheet, shaped like a canister that hangs from the ceiling. I'm told that the temple can easily collect at least 1 crore ($188,000 with$1=53 rupees)/day during festival season. There were also a number of men, women and children walking around with balled heads, as I soon learned that the temple was a place where people shaved their heads once a wish had been fulfilled. Apparently the hair is shipped to the U.S. or Japan for wigs to be made. A special thanks to our family friends, Dr. and Mrs. Reddy, who made this possible for me.
darshan, sri venkateswara temple, tirumala, tirupati
- Select - - Filming in India - Research in India - Teaching in India - Life in IndiaAll Posts
TV News in India - Journalists in Transition
Critical Perspectives on Journalistic Beliefs and Actions
Color, Caste and the Public Sphere
Becoming American
Download [162.00 B]
American Filter
Ingroup, Outgroup
That's Not Real India
Seeing Indian, Being Indian
Indira S. Somani, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Dept. of Media, Journalism and Film at Howard University, Washington, D.C. Somani studies effects of satellite television on the Indian diaspora, specifically the generation of the Asian Indians who migrated to the U.S. between 1960 and 1972, and their media habits.
She has been published in the Howard Journal of Communication, Journal of Communication Inquiry, International Communication Research Journal, Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, and the Asian Journal of Communication.
For the fall of 2011, Somani was awarded a Fulbright-Nehru Senior Research Fellowship to study the Western influence of Indian programming in India.
Somani is also an award winning independent producer and director of documentaries. Her most recent production, Life on the Ganges (2016), is a 10- minute documentary short about the life of one boatman, who rows tourists along the Ganges River in Varanasi, India, particularly around Dev Diwali when people from all over India travel there to bathe in the Ganges to wash away their sins and purify their souls. The film has been screening in film festivals all over the U.S.
Another production, Crossing Lines (2007), is a personal essay 30-minute documentary about her struggle to stay connected to India after the loss of her father, and about how Asian Indians maintain and preserve their cultural identity. The film has won numerous awards, screened in film festivals nationally and internationally, screened on PBS affiliates, and has also been distributed to more than 100 university libraries in the U.S. through New Day films.
Somani brings 10 years of broadcast journalism experience as a television news producer to the classroom, most notably with CNBC and WJLA-TV, the ABC affiliate in Washington, D.C. She has been a leader of the South Asian Journalists Association (SAJA), where she has also won several "Outstanding" awards on her coverage of South Asians in North America.
Prior to joining Howard University, Somani was an Assistant Professor of Journalism at Washington and Lee University (Lexington, VA) and American University's School of Communication (Washington, DC). Somani earned her Master's in Journalism from the Medill School of Journalism, Northwestern University in 1993, and her Ph.D. from the Phillip Merrill College of Journalism, University of Maryland, College Park in May 2008.


Acne requires a multi-faceted treatment approach. Gels, creams, and lotions containing Benzoyl Peroxide are often effective in mild to medium cases of acne.
Benzoyl Peroxide is a therapeutic ingredient found in many products for acne-prone skin. It kills the bacteria (P. acnes) responsible for causing pustules and spots and reduces sebum production, which helps to unblock pores. Other active ingredients to look out for are Nicotinamide, which soothes the redness and reduces inflammation, and Potassium Hydroxyquinoline Sulphate.
Start with lower strength creams, gels, and lotions and allow time for the ingredients to start working on your skin. It can sometimes take several weeks for the skin to show signs of improvement. Use these products in combination with acne cleansers and toners.


Running a business is a major responsibility that can involve many risks. Not only are you responsible for ensuring that your day-to-day operations run smoothly, but you are also accountable for keeping your employees and property insured from injuries and damages. At Risinger Insurance Agency, we can help you create a policy that is designed to safeguard the best interests of your business - so you can focus on serving your customers and increasing your profits.
Since there are many types of liability coverages, it is important to talk with a specialist at Risinger Insurance Agency about the best options for your business.
Proudly serving Saint Peters, MO, Cottleville, MO, St. Charles, MO, O'Fallon, MO, Dardenne Prairie, MO, Chesterfield, MO, and surrounding areas. Licensed in MO and IL.


text:
Arturo Cuenca
Art Cuenca: Artist & Philosopher
Arturo Cuenca, once declared himself "the least known of today's great artists".
This controversial figure certainly has had moments of glory as well as a fair share of tumbles. First exalted & then exiled by no less than
Fidel Castro, Cuenca remains an important figure in Cuba despite an absence of exactly a decade now.
Banished to make his own niche in the capitalist jungle, he won few friends in politically conscious New York art circles - his outspokenness rubbed them up the wrong groove. And sadly for him, left was in, so "la vie boheme" was evasive, as well as the free wine & the parties.
Fighting spirits don't stand still however, & though in semi-isolation Cuenca worked quietly & steadily to gain a sturdy foothold in national & international art scenes. His recent participation in high profile shows like LA's "In Site2000", the Paris Art Fair & the upcoming Armory Show
In New York have gained him prestigious corporate collectors in Paris & London alike. His time has finally come.
His work is futuristic yet Zen-like, with a sense of aestheticism that is more Japanese than Hispanic. It reminisces of delicate Monet-waterlilies, Fritz Lang metropolis, & Dick Tracy scenes of circumspect evidence left behind in accidental pools of water.
His macro- microcosmic cityscapes on tableaus sometimes as large as 15" by 4" are decorative enough yet with the intellectualism to outlast many a transitory trend in this often irresolute world.
His technique - a combination of photography, industrial printing & traditional painting on canvas - in the past often drew comparisons with Gerhard Richter, but more recently reminds one of Tokihiro Sato's lunar landscapes with their alien lights. Cuenca, in contrast with the Japanese artist's straighter, photographic process, has more control over the light & shadows due to an extra step of painting.
There he has an advantage since his original forte as an art student in Havana was photo-realist painting. When he later moved into photography, he did so with the vision & intent of a fine artist.
When he had no access to dark-rooms in Miami & New York, he made do, setting up with rough & ready tools on bedroom floors - but always his work has been credited with an elegant finish, the pain he takes with each of the pieces is laborious & he has a right to call them "his children", as he does.
They are true enough his issue - extrapolations of his psyche: concretized. Now that he has embraced technology, his Mac & industrial-sized printer are as essential to him as camera & airbrush, & the quality of the work remains elegant.
One remarkable aspect of his technique is how his paintings resemble screen projections: when I visited Arturo's studio for the first time I remember thinking to myself "how exquisite! he has amazing shadows made by the trees & the lamplight outside his window" - & then was struck that this delicate patterning of light & intricate shapes was actually one of his works - "Ship-Smoke-Ships" (1995) stretching along the length of his wall.
His symbols of boats, fumes, journey, water, & different reflections & refractions on water are recurrent; they form a visual vocabulary that familiarizes the viewer with his work but are clearly personal too.
On a very simple level one can deduce that the steamships symbolize work & industry, the smoke is the corruption that comes with added wealth, the motif of journey is change, water a form of death & new life.
From a broad palette of sepias, pastels & stark black-and-white, with an occasional use of typography, even multi-layered light-boxes in technicolor, Cuenca's work embodies a range of emotions: irony, kitsch, satire, humour, a sense of nostalgia for the past & a feeling of loss of the simple life. Just like the person, the work attempts to be didactic, instructive, complex & philosophical, realistically cynical yet idealistic, & never taking refuge in blurred mysticism or other fakery.
As he explains his work & his raison d'etre:
"The objective of my work is knowledge, my art is a quest, a means of arriving at a spiritual enrichment of myself" from his "Practical Aesthetic", a bold, complex manifesto which sets out the parameters of his artistic practice.
Recognized as "one of the experimentalists whose directions changed the course of Cuban art" (Julia Herzberg in her catalog for a show at INTAR "Arturo Cuenca: A Decade of Photography 1993"), his modus operandi dictated his direction into all sorts of philosophical queries in the past. Indeed reading through all the literature, scholastic & journalistic, that has been written about this philosopher-artist, one receives the impression that his ambition as a thinker foreshadowed his work.
Even an older, jealous rival seeking to diminish his achievements questioned whether Cuenca's work "accomplished the complexity that he strives for in writing", & conceded that "over the decade it (had) systematically come closer to (it)" prefacing this edict with a safeguard: "not to preclude a future possibility of success" - Luis Camnitzer in "New Art In Cuba".
With hindsight it is evident that the enemy paid a greater compliment than the allies: in predicting something great not then completely achieved, like the critic of a beautiful jigsaw who could neither envision nor understand the whole complicated picture. Similarly we may yet acclaim Cuenca as an intellectual heavyweight who has set himself on an exacting path investigating paradoxical phenomena, equipped with the mind of a sophist & the intentions of a teacher, to give us lessons in the guise of paintings.
L.-D. Geh, Feb 2001
email: artcuenca@hotmail.com


Plus, the country star opens up on connecting to his music!
Brett Eeldredge teamed up with pop star Meghan Trainor for the latest episode of CMT Crossroads. The esteemed vocalists collaborated together while bringing CMT viewers several performances of their biggest hits to date.
The pair performed "Beat of the Music," "Like I'm Gonna Lose You," "No Excuses," "Drunk On Your Love," and more. Eldredge and Trainor even took on Dolly Parton and Kenny Rogers' "Islands in the Stream" during the special.
Eldrege opens up to Trainor on his personal connection to his track, "Wanna Be That Song," during their interview as well. It is featured on the 32-year-old's sophomore album, Illinois, which he says reflects everything he wanted to do as both a songwriter and an artist.
Click here to watch the full episode of CMT Crossroads starring Brett Eldredge and Meghan Trainor.


« The Nap Mat…Not Just For Napping!
I wanted to work on the math concepts of "How many ___?" and "How many in all?" with Andrew. While my first preference is to use objects or manipulatives, I also realized that it would be helpful for him to be able to count things on paper. I wanted to see how he would do discriminating visually between objects, counting only the things he was asked to count and see if he'd miss any or double count some things.
Counting pages which were then made into a book. Here he is at age 4 counting.
The photograph above shows what the station looked like. So easy to make yet helped him build his counting skills and helped me get a good idea of his counting skills. I simply took a sheet of paper and got out some stickers. I began with each page having just one kind of object for him to count. I also included a number sheet so he could point to the number. This was important because at that time he was not using any consonants so when he counted it sounded a lot like, "uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh-uh, uh, un, uh." While I could understand his intonations and inflections, as slight as they were, I wanted to make sure I wasn't putting an answer on him by thinking I heard something I didn't.
We did it this way for a while and then when I felt like he got that, I added two different objects for him to count. I placed a few of one color star sticker randomly on the paper and then a few of some other colors.
How many stars in all?
I created several different pages using different stickers and different amounts.
Some textured sparkly stickers used to create this page.
I would recommend choosing stickers that are the same at first before moving on to stickers of like items.
I put the pages together by placing the pages into sheet protectors and placing those in report covers. If you are using construction paper, you will have to cut the paper down a bit so it'll fit in the protectors. These could also just be stapled together.
He really enjoyed doing this activity and loved the fact that he could "read" the book on his own.


text:
Scheduler.grid.Future = function(config) {
    config = config || {};
    this.ident = config.ident || Ext.id();
    this.exp = new Ext.grid.RowExpander({
        tpl: new Ext.Template('<p>{task_description}</p> {data_view}')
    });

    Ext.applyIf(config,{
		id: 'scheduler-grid-future'
        ,baseParams: { action: 'mgr/runs/future' }
        ,emptyText: _('scheduler.error.noresults')
        ,fields: [
            { name: 'id', type: 'int' }
            ,{ name: 'status', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'task', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'task_string', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'task_namespace', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'task_reference', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'task_key', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'task_content', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'task_description', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'timing', type: 'date', dateFormat: 'U' }
            ,{ name: 'data', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'data_view', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'executedon', type: 'date', dateFormat: 'U' }
            ,{ name: 'errors', type: 'string' }
            ,{ name: 'message', type: 'string' }
        ]
        ,paging: true
		,remoteSort: true
        ,plugins: this.exp
		,columns: [this.exp, {
			header: _('id')
			,dataIndex: 'id'
			,sortable: true
			,width: 50
            ,hidden: true
		},{
			header: _('scheduler.task')
			,dataIndex: 'task_string'
			,sortable: false
			,width: 125
		},{
			header: _('scheduler.namespace')
			,dataIndex: 'task_namespace'
		    ,sortable: true
			,width: 100
            ,hidden: true
		},{
			header: _('scheduler.reference')
			,dataIndex: 'task_reference'
		    ,sortable: true
			,width: 100
            ,hidden: true
		},{
			header: _('scheduler.timing')
			,dataIndex: 'timing'
		    ,sortable: true
			,width: 100
            ,renderer: Ext.util.Format.dateRenderer(MODx.config.manager_date_format + ' ' + MODx.config.manager_time_format)
		},{
            header: _('scheduler.task_key')
            ,dataIndex: 'task_key'
            ,sortable: true
            ,width: 50
		},{
			header: _('scheduler.data')
			,dataIndex: 'data_view'
		    ,sortable: false
			,width: 150
		}]
        ,tbar: [{
            text: _('scheduler.run_create')
            ,handler: {
                xtype: 'scheduler-window-run-create'
                ,blankValues: true
                ,isUpdate: false
            }
        },'->',{
            xtype: 'scheduler-combo-tasklist'
            ,id: 'scheduler-filter-run-task-'+this.ident
            ,emptyText: _('scheduler.filter_task')
            ,allowBlank: true
            ,listeners: {
                'select': { fn: this.searchTask ,scope: this }
            }
        },'-',{
            xtype: 'modx-combo-namespace'
            ,id: 'scheduler-filter-run-namespace-'+this.ident
            ,emptyText: _('scheduler.filter_namespace...')
            ,allowBlank: true
            ,listeners: {
                'select': { fn: this.searchNamespace ,scope: this }
            }
        },'-',{
            xtype: 'textfield'
            ,id: 'scheduler-search-run-field-'+this.ident
            ,emptyText: _('scheduler.search...')
            ,listeners: {
                'change': { fn: this.search ,scope: this }
                ,'render': { fn: function(cmp) {
                    new Ext.KeyMap(cmp.getEl(), {
                        key: Ext.EventObject.ENTER
                        ,fn: function() {
                            this.fireEvent('change',this);
                            this.blur();
                            return true;
                        }
                        ,scope: cmp
                    });
                } ,scope: this }
            }
        },'-',{
            text: _('scheduler.search_clear')
            ,handler: this.searchClear
            ,scope: this
        }]
    });
    Scheduler.grid.Future.superclass.constructor.call(this,config);
};
Ext.extend(Scheduler.grid.Future, Scheduler.grid.Tasks, {
    search: function(tf,nv,ov) {
        var s = this.getStore();
            s.baseParams.query = tf.getValue();
        this.getBottomToolbar().changePage(1);
        this.refresh();
    }
    ,searchNamespace: function(tf,nv,ov) {
        var s = this.getStore();
            s.baseParams.namespace = tf.getValue();
        this.getBottomToolbar().changePage(1);
        this.refresh();
    }
    ,searchTask: function(tf,nv,ov) {
        var s = this.getStore();
            s.baseParams.task = tf.getValue();
        this.getBottomToolbar().changePage(1);
        this.refresh();
    }
    ,searchClear: function(tf,nv,ov) {
        var s = this.getStore();
            s.baseParams.query = '';
            s.baseParams.namespace = '';
            s.baseParams.task = '';
        this.getBottomToolbar().changePage(1);
        this.refresh();

        Ext.getCmp('scheduler-filter-run-namespace-'+this.ident).reset();
        Ext.getCmp('scheduler-search-run-field-'+this.ident).reset();
        Ext.getCmp('scheduler-filter-run-task-'+this.ident).reset();
    }
    ,getMenu: function() {
        var m = [{
            text: _('scheduler.run_update')
            ,handler: this.updateRun
        },'-',{
            text: _('scheduler.run_remove')
            ,handler: this.removeRun
        }];
        return m;
    }
    ,updateRun: function(btn, e) {
        var w = MODx.load({
			xtype: 'scheduler-window-run-update'
			,record: this.menu.record
            ,isUpdate: true
            ,listeners: {
				'success': { fn: this.refresh, scope: this }
				,'hide': { fn: function() { this.destroy(); }}
			}
		});
		w.setTitle(_('scheduler.run_update'));
		w.setValues(this.menu.record);
		w.show(e.target, function() {
			Ext.isSafari ? w.setPosition(null,30) : w.center();
		}, this);
    }
    ,removeRun: function(btn, e) {
        MODx.msg.confirm({
			title: _('scheduler.run_remove')
			,text: _('scheduler.run_remove_confirm', { reference: this.menu.record.reference })
			,url: this.config.url
			,params: {
				action: 'mgr/runs/remove'
				,id: this.menu.record.id
			}
			,listeners: {
				'success': { fn:this.refresh, scope:this }
			}
		});
    }
});
Ext.reg('scheduler-grid-future',Scheduler.grid.Future);

// -----------------------
// Create/update local data grid
Scheduler.grid.CreateUpdateLocalData = function(config) {
    config = config || {};
	Ext.applyIf(config,{
        fields: ['key','value']
        ,emptyText: _('scheduler.error.noresults')
        ,paging: false
        ,grouping: false
        ,autoExpandColumn: 'key'
        ,autoHeight: true
        ,maxHeight: 100
        ,columns: [{
			header: _('scheduler.data.key')
			,dataIndex: 'key'
			,sortable: true
		},{
			header: _('scheduler.data.value')
			,dataIndex: 'value'
			,sortable: true
		}]
        ,tbar: [{
            text: _('scheduler.data.add')
            ,handler: this.create
            ,scope: this
        }]
    });
    Scheduler.grid.CreateUpdateLocalData.superclass.constructor.call(this,config);
    this.propRecord = Ext.data.Record.create(config.fields);
};
Ext.extend(Scheduler.grid.CreateUpdateLocalData,MODx.grid.LocalProperty,{
    getMenu: function() {
        var m = [{
            text: _('scheduler.data.update')
            ,handler: this.update
            ,scope: this
        },'-',{
            text: _('scheduler.data.remove')
            ,handler: this.remove
            ,scope: this
        }];
        return m;
    }
    ,create: function(btn,e) {
        var w = MODx.load({
			xtype: 'scheduler-window-runs-adddataproperty'
			,record: this.menu.record
            ,blankValues: true
            ,grid: this
            ,listeners: {
                'success': { fn: function(r) {
                    var rec = new this.propRecord({
                        key: r.key
                        ,value: r.value
                    });
                    this.getStore().add(rec);
                } ,scope: this }
            }
		});
		w.show(e.target, function() {
			Ext.isSafari ? w.setPosition(null,30) : w.center();
		}, this);
    }
    ,update: function(btn,e) {
        var w = MODx.load({
			xtype: 'scheduler-window-runs-updatedataproperty'
			,record: this.menu.record
            ,isUpdate: true
            ,grid: this
            ,listeners: {
                'success': { fn: function(r) {
                    var s = this.getStore();
                    var rec = s.getAt(this.menu.recordIndex);
                        rec.set('key',r.key);
                        rec.set('value',r.value);
                    this.getView().refresh();
                } ,scope: this }
            }
		});
		w.setValues(this.menu.record);
		w.show(e.target, function() {
			Ext.isSafari ? w.setPosition(null,30) : w.center();
		}, this);
    }
});
Ext.reg('scheduler-grid-future-run-localdata',Scheduler.grid.CreateUpdateLocalData);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We are currently fundraising to get a portable plastic to fuel converter to island nations as a means to cleanup these areas and provide clean fuel that otherwise has to be imported.
project through the link below.
Renewlogy (new branding for PK Clean) is based in Salt Lake City, UT and solves the problem of plastic waste entering landfills and oceans by turning it into fuel. While reduce, reuse, recycle remain the best answers, sometimes it feels like a fly trying to slow a steaming locomotive. It's time to not only stop using plastics but to also give plastic value in a circular economy. POP and Renewlogy are working together to develop the solution to plastic marine pollution on islands.
Concurrently, 8-12 million metric tons of plastic are entering our oceans annually. 500 million plastic straws continue to be produced each day and 1500 plastic water bottles are used every second in the US. It's time to not only stop using plastics but to also give plastic value in a circular economy.
On a large scale, this depolymerization exudes no emissions, is self sufficient and returns energy on a 1 to 50 ratio! Learn more on Renewlogy's website.
Island nations face unique circumstances managing their solid waste within their special relationships to the oceans. Giving plastic waste value will create a cleaner environment, reduce landfill waste, and promote economic growth.
After traveling the world and recognizing that island nations suffer the most from plastic pollution, especially in places like Haiti and Puerto Rico with poor infrastructure for waste management, POP committed to finding the funds to get this technology to regions that contribute to plastic in the ocean, have plastic washing up on their beaches, do not have landfills, and pay a premium for fuel with a huge carbon footprint shipping fuel across the ocean.
We are currently fundraising to get a portable plastic to fuel converter to island nations including Haiti and Puerto Rico as a means to cleanup these islands and provide clean fuel that otherwise has to be imported.
Please consider supporting this project through the donation link above!
Pictured above is Judson Bledsoe, UNCW undergraduate research student, at the controls creating fuel from recovered ocean plastics to research the quality of the fuel produced, as well as combustion byproducts.
We have been analyzing the fuel produced from plastics at the University of North Carolina Wilmington, using Renewlogy's technology, comparing it to commercial grade fuels such at jet, gasoline, diesel, and off road fuels. We also look for any impurities and have been pleased with our findings enough so that we want to take this technology to help solve one of the largest environmental issues of our time. The UNCW Chemistry Department purchased a tabletop depolymizer for $5,000 through PK Clean to test the conversion and product of converting recovered ocean plastics to fuel.
This solution creates a viable resource from low value plastics, creating a circular economy that benefits both people and the planet.
and determined to help than ever before.
The photo here shows one vial of recovered ocean plastics and the amount of oil it can produce. Thats right, roughly 80% of landfill bound plastics convert into a resource!
A Renewlogy worker showed a sample of the company's final product, called ReFuel, a renewable fuel source processed from shredded plastics.
Renewlogy is setting up a new facility in Chester, Nova Scotia, where head of operations, Justin Nelson, operates the Recracker, which starts the breakdown of plastic scrap into fuel, on May 24.


I have to say I was scared to death about going into labor and giving birth… And the recovery after. Every single part of this has been SO much easier than everyone says it is!
Those of you with little ones of your own know about this magic that just happens when you hold and watch their faces for the first time… My husband and I are just a big mess of goo over this little girl!! The love is overwhelming!
6lb 13oz – Made of sugar and spice and everything nice!
This entry was posted in YAY! and tagged Kaley on April 3, 2014 by hollyshimmerspark.


text:
Q: Swift communicating with multiple webservices I currently need to use a web service to do some tasks which are, logging in and receiving a list of information.
After logging in successfully the web service will return 'response' information : {"LoginID":"1","Password":"","Role":"pol","LoginType":"Indevidual","UserID":"6110895204062016","UserRoleID":"20202020202020","RoleID":"999674512042008","PartyId":"1063081525122008","PartyFunctionId":"123123","BranchCode":"10","RoleCode":"123123","Status":{"isError":false,"ErCode":null,"Error":null}}
which is needed to be sent to another web service to get a list of information.
Currently using the login button to call the webserivce to be able to login.
How do I call another webservice using the information from the first webservice?
Code for a better idea:
@IBAction func GetPolicyListButton(_ sender: Any) {
    //I will need the information from the second web service to display after clicking this button.. how?
}

@IBAction func LoginButton(_ sender: Any) {

    let postString = "cpr=\(usernameField.text!)&password=\(passwordField.text!)"

    let url = URL(string:"http://login")!

    let postData:Data = postString.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)!
    let postLength:String = String(postData.count) as String

    var request:URLRequest = URLRequest(url: url)
    request.httpMethod = "POST"
    request.httpBody = postData
    request.setValue(postLength as String, forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Length")
    request.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")

    let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
        guard let data = data, error == nil else {
            print("error=\(error)")
            return
        }

        let httpStatus = response as? HTTPURLResponse
        print("statusCode should be 200, but is \(httpStatus!.statusCode)")
        print("response = \(response!)")
        print(postString)

        let responseString = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)
        print("responseString = \(responseString!)")

        let start = responseString!.index(responseString!.startIndex, offsetBy: 75)
        let end = responseString!.index(responseString!.endIndex, offsetBy: -9)
        let range = start..<end

        let jsonStr = responseString!.substring(with: range)
        print(jsonStr)

        let data1 = jsonStr.data(using: .utf8)!

        _ = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data1) as? [String: Any]

        let persondata = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: .allowFragments)
        let personInfodata = persondata as? [String : Any]

        _ = personInfodata?[""] as? [String : Any]

        if  (responseString?.contains("1001"))!{
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                print("incorrect - try again")
                let alert = UIAlertController(title: "Try Again", message: "Username or Password Incorrect", preferredStyle: UIAlertControllerStyle.alert)

                alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "OK", style: UIAlertActionStyle.default, handler: nil))

                self.present(alert, animated: true, completion: nil)
            }
        }

        else{
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                print("correct good")

                let storyboard = UIStoryboard(name: "Maintest", bundle: nil)
                let controller = storyboard.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "correctone")
                self.present(controller, animated: true, completion: nil)
            }
        }

    }
    task.resume()

}

A: You are experiencing the complexity of not working in MVC. While writing an application if you do not properly use MVC the complexity and unnecessary duplication of code can get out of hand and you lose oversight.
A style for example to use is, is to create a LoginModel and a ItemsModel for lack of a better name. Both will be making web requests so be sure to create a class that handles a generic web request or implement a framework like Alamofire (which has some great examples for authentication and automatic retrying of requests based on Tokens etc)
Now in your ViewController seperate all the handling of your data to a View-Independant LoginClass like this:
@IBAction func LoginButton(_ sender: UIButton) {
    guard let username = usernameField.text else { print("no username") ; return }
    guard let password = passwordField.text else { print("no password") ; return }

    self.loginModel.login(username: username, password: password) { [weak self] success in

        if success {
            let dataModel = dataModel(credentials: credentialStyle)

            dataModel.loadItems { items : [Item]? in
                // Dispatch items to main queue
            }
        }
    }
}

Now in your loginModel you handle the login and in a completely separate model you handle the dataModel which you instantiate with the credentials you received from the loginModel. Off course this is a rough example and using Alamofire you can use a Session Manager for example which will take care of the authentication (see the URL of 'automatic retrying of requests', scroll down a little bit and there is an example of authentication.) removing the need of instantiating your dataModel with credentials put this is purely to demonstrate how to split up your code to handle these requests.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to select into a variable in PL/SQL when the result might be null? Is there a way in to just run a query once to select into a variable, considering that the query might return nothing, then in that case the variable should be null.
Currently, I can't do a select into a variable directly, since if the query returns nothing, the PL/SQL would complain variable not getting set. I can only run the query twice, with the first one do the count and if the count is zero, set the variable to null, and if the count is 1, select into the variable.
So the code would be like:
v_column my_table.column%TYPE;
v_counter number;
select count(column) into v_counter from my_table where ...;
if (v_counter = 0) then
    v_column := null;
elsif (v_counter = 1) then
    select column into v_column from my_table where ...;
end if;

thanks.
Update:
The reason I didn't use exception is I still have some following logic after assigning the v_column, and I have to use goto in the exception section to jump back to the following code. I'm kind of hesitate of goto lines.

A: Using an Cursor FOR LOOP Statement is my favourite way to do this.
It is safer than using an explicit cursor, because you don't need to remember to close it, so you can't "leak" cursors.
You don't need "into" variables, you don't need to "FETCH", you don't need to catch and handle "NO DATA FOUND" exceptions.
Try it, you'll never go back.
v_column my_table.column%TYPE;

v_column := null;

FOR rMyTable IN (SELECT COLUMN FROM MY_TABLE WHERE ....) LOOP
  v_column := rMyTable.COLUMN;
  EXIT;  -- Exit the loop if you only want the first result.
END LOOP;

A: From all the answers above, Björn's answer seems to be the most elegant and short. I personally used this approach many times. MAX or MIN function will do the job equally well. Complete PL/SQL follows, just the where clause should be specified.
declare v_column my_table.column%TYPE;
begin
    select MIN(column) into v_column from my_table where ...;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('v_column=' || v_column);
end;

A: I would recommend using a cursor. A cursor fetch is always a single row (unless you use a bulk collection), and cursors do not automatically throw no_data_found or too_many_rows exceptions; although you may inspect the cursor attribute once opened to determine if you have a row and how many.
declare
v_column my_table.column%type;
l_count pls_integer;
cursor my_cursor is
  select count(*) from my_table where ...;

begin
  open my_cursor;
    fetch my_cursor into l_count;
  close my_cursor;

  if l_count = 1 then
    select whse_code into v_column from my_table where ...;
  else
    v_column := null;
  end if;
end;

Or, even more simple:
    declare
    v_column my_table.column%type;
    cursor my_cursor is
      select column from my_table where ...;

    begin
      open my_cursor;
        fetch my_cursor into v_column;
        -- Optional IF .. THEN based on FOUND or NOTFOUND
        -- Not really needed if v_column is not set
        if my_cursor%notfound then
          v_column := null;
        end if;
      close my_cursor;
    end;

A: I know it's an old thread, but I still think it's worth to answer it.
select (
        SELECT COLUMN FROM MY_TABLE WHERE ....
        ) into v_column
from dual;

Example of use:
declare v_column VARCHAR2(100);
begin
  select (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM ALL_TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'DOES NOT EXIST')
  into v_column
  from dual;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('v_column=' || v_column);
end;

A: I use this syntax for flexibility and speed -
    begin
    --
    with KLUJ as
    ( select 0 ROES from dual
       union
      select count(*) from MY_TABLE where rownum = 1
    ) select max(ROES) into has_rows from KLUJ;
    --
    end;

Dual returns 1 row, rownum adds 0 or 1 rows, and max() groups to exactly 1.  This gives 0 for no rows in a table and 1 for any other number of rows.
I extend the where clause to count rows by condition, remove rownum to count rows meeting a condition, and increase rownum to count rows meeting the condition up to a limit.

A: You can simply handle the NO_DATA_FOUND exception by setting your variable to NULL. This way, only one query is required.
    v_column my_table.column%TYPE;

BEGIN

    BEGIN
      select column into v_column from my_table where ...;
    EXCEPTION
      WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
        v_column := NULL;
    END;

    ... use v_column here
END;

A: What about using MAX?
That way if no data is found the variable is set to NULL, otherwise the maximum value.
Since you expect either 0 or 1 value, MAX should be OK to use.
v_column my_table.column%TYPE;
select MAX(column) into v_column from my_table where ...;

A: COALESCE will always return the first non-null result. By doing this, you will get the count that you want or 0:
select coalesce(count(column) ,0) into v_counter from my_table where ...;


text:
Eight Important Actions You Should Take Today to Update Your Website
by Chris Labatt-Simon | Aug 19, 2015 | SEO, Technical | 0 comments
Don't forget that on January 1st you were supposed to change all of the batteries in your smoke detectors! It's also a great time to review and update your website. Here are a few things you should make sure you do at the start of each year.
Update Your Copyright Notice
It's up for debate as to whether Google cares about whether your copyright date is current or not, but it's a signal to viewers as to whether you maintain your website with the latest information (and could also have some legal repercussions!). Make sure you update the copyright year to reflect the range from when you started your website to today, and also ensure that your organization is listed as the copyright holder.
Fix Broken Links
Run a link checker on your website and look for broken links to old websites or internal pages. There's a free website broken link checker here (UPDATE: That tool is currently down, but almost the exact same tool, minus the meta tag list, is here) that will scan your site for broken links and much more. Google does care whether you have a lot of broken external links on your site, and if you are linking internally to a page that no longer exists, it will stop crawlers in their tracks during site indexing. You can also use browser tools such as Check My Links for the Chrome browser to look for bad links on specific pages.
Update Press Releases and News
This is a great time to review your "Latest News" page to ensure that you are displaying all of the great things you did this year. Make sure all of your press releases are up to date (and in an HTML format, not just PDF) and that you're linking out to any articles or mentions of your company.
Freshen Your Home Page
Has it been a year since you've changed that header image, or looked at whether the words you're using on your front page still reflect what you do and your brand? Are there new services or products you've started to offer? Google likes fresh content, and also uses your homepage (among many other clues) to get an idea of what your site is all about. Users like to see new things. Make sure this gateway to your entire site is current and leads visitors down the path that you want them to travel. At a bare minimum, add a few sentences that are relevant to who you are today.
Update Your Contact Us, Privacy and Terms Pages
Once again, Google likes certain things to exist on your website – especially the Contact Us page. According to the Google Quality Guidelines (there's a summary of this leaked document here), having an "appropriate amount of contact information" is important to Google. This should include, at a bare minimum, your company name, telephone number and address.
Also, take the time to understand whether privacy laws have changed in your region and update your privacy and terms of use pages accordingly – especially with regards to "cookies", user tracking, storage of personal information and how it is used.
Update Meta Descriptions
Google heavily uses page content to understand what a page is about, but it also uses the page "meta description". Sometimes this description will appear in Google search results, and sometimes Google will come up with its own description. Use the broken link checker I mentioned above to view all of the meta descriptions for your site and freshen them up to, once again, reflect any changes about who you are and what you do.
Review Google Webmaster Tools
If you aren't using Google's webmaster tools to track information about how Google sees your site, you should be. These tools will tell you whether Google has problems with your site (broken links, errors retrieving pages, etc.), but will also tell you about links to your site that Google finds important, keywords that Google feels are relevant to your site, search phrases that will make your site show up on Google results, and much MUCH more. These tools give you a little peek into the engine that is Google. Review the site for problems that Google has found, and then fix them. Also, make sure your sitemap is up to date, and that you've told Google about it in the webmaster tool console.
Consider Moving Your Site to HTTPS
Google recently announced that it will give a rankings boost to sites that are completely secured, and there's a certain peace of mind your visitors will have when they see that green lock in the corner of their browser.
I worked on moving one of my sites to be fully protected and it definitely wasn't as simple as just buying a certificate. I found several WordPress plugins that didn't play well with secure sites so had to be switched out, and I also had to change a number of server settings to make sure my site was actually secure. For example, SSL version 3 is vulnerable to attack, so I had to disable it. There are some great SSL audit tools, like the Qualys SSL Server Test, that will tell you how secure your "secure site" is – from an encryption perspective. Most domain registrars will sell you SSL certificates, with prices ranging from about $20 a year to several hundred dollars per year (depending on the type of certificate you get). I would recommend hiring someone who has switched a site to HTTPS before to make sure this project goes smoothly.
There are definitely other things you can do and should do. Verify your backups (make sure you have backups!). Add trust seals to your site. Do a security analysis – especially if you take credit cards. I could probably list off another 30 pretty quickly. But before we go there, review and implement the above suggestions. What else would YOU recommend?
Chris Labatt-Simon
Chief Innovation Officer at Internet Marketing Ninjas
Chris is currently the Chief Innovation Officer at Internet Marketing Ninjas where he manages M&A activity, legal work, and also focuses on the use of technology and other solutions to lead innovation and growth. Prior to this, Chris led the sale of his $10mil information technology company, twice an Inc500 fastest growing company in the US, to an investment banking firm in NYC. He has a strong passion for sailing, and had the opportunity to spend two years travelling from Lake Champlain to the southern Bahamas and back with his family.
Latest posts by Chris Labatt-Simon (see all)
Shout! Scream! Yell! Your Company Depends On It! - August 19, 2015
Smarts + Experience + Listening = Greatness. The Magic Formula. - August 19, 2015
Company Messages Are Critical - August 19, 2015


Earlier this month, Waters wrote a public letter to his millions of followers on social media, addressing Osiris and imploring him to boycott the Eurovision.
Waters' appeal to Osiris vowed that "there are 42 [sic] finalists; among them we will find the one" who will pull out for political reasons. But with less than seven weeks until the Eurovision, the musician's hopes that a contestant will boycott appear to be all but dashed. This week alone, In addition to Rice, contestants from Norway, Russia, Macedonia, Malta and Montenegro arrived in Israel for filming.
Over the past few weeks, delegations from the Czech Republic, Ireland, France, the Netherlands, Finland, Switzerland, Cyprus, San Marino, Spain and Belgium have also landed in Tel Aviv. Not a single contestant has expressed an intent to boycott, even the controversial Icelandic group Hatari. The only country not returning to this year's Eurovision is Ukraine, which pulled out for financial reasons.
Since Israel won the Eurovision in Portugal last year, Waters has been pushing for a boycott, calling first on the European Broadcasting Union to hold the competition elsewhere, then on the BBC to pull out of the contest, and more recently on individual contestants to cancel. But he has failed – so far – on every level.
Osiris's arrival in Israel this week is yet another blow to Waters' campaign.
With less than 50 days until the Eurovision kicks off, boycott concerns have given way to worries about security amid an escalation with Gaza. But both Eurovision organizers and contestants seem unfazed by the potential for rockets, and are moving full steam ahead with preparations for May.


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Officially the People's Republic of China (PRC) is a sovereign state in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion. The capital city is Beijing. China consists of 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau).
Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometers, China is the world's third-largest country by land area. China's landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from forest steppes and the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts in the arid north to tropical forests in the wetter south.
China had the largest and most complex economy in the world for most of the past two thousand years, during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline. Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China has become one of the world's fastest-growing major economies. As of 2014, it is the world's second-largest economy by nominal total GDP and largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). China is also the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods.
Agriculture is a vital industry in China, employing nearly 300 million farmers. China ranks first in worldwide farm output, primarily producing rice, wheat, potatoes, tomato, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, cotton, oilseed and soybeans. Although China's agricultural output is the largest in the world, only about 15% of its total land area can be cultivated. China's arable land, which represents 7% of the total arable land in the world, supports over 22% of the world's population. Of this approximately 1.2 million square kilometers of arable land, only about 1.2%.
China is home to rich plant and animal resources. There are thousands of crop varieties plus their close wild relatives, including over 1200 plant cultivars of cereals, fruits, vegetables, grasses, flowers and natural rubber, about twenty animal species of swine, chicken, goose, yellow cattle, buffalo and others with a total of 576 breeds, and more than 20,000 recorded waterborne organisms including more than 3800 types of fishes, 300 reptiles, 40 water mammals, and 600 aquatic plants.
Quality and safety of agricultural products remain stable with improvements made, and major epizootic diseases are under control. Quality and safety of agricultural products is generally sound. The relevant monitoring results showed that 97.4% vegetables, 99.6% livestock and poultry products and 96.8% aquatic products have met the quality and safety standard.
重庆三冠食品有限公司/ Chongqing Three crown Food Co., Ltd.


text:
Terminate parts of the Constitution: Trump
Former US president Donald Trump has called for the "termination" of parts of the Constitution over the 2020 election, which he still insists was stolen.
By Hope Yen
Former president Donald Trump is facing rebuke after calling for the "termination" of parts of the US Constitution over his lie that the 2020 election was stolen.
Trump, who announced last month that he is running again for president, made the claim over the weekend on his Truth Social media platform.
"A Massive Fraud of this type and magnitude allows for the termination of all rules, regulations, and articles, even those found in the Constitution," he wrote.
"Our great 'Founders' did not want, and would not condone, False & Fraudulent Elections!"
Incoming House Democratic leader Hakeem Jeffries on Sunday described Trump's statement as strange and extreme and said Republicans will have to make a choice whether to continue embracing Trump's anti-democratic views.
"Republicans are going to have to work out their issues with the former president and decide whether they're going to break from him and return to some semblance of reasonableness or continue to lean in to the extremism, not just of Trump, but Trumpism," Jeffries said.
Trump, who is the first to be impeached twice and whose term ended with his supporters violently storming the Capitol in a deadly bid to halt the peaceful transition of power on January 6, 2021, faces a escalating criminal investigations, including several that could lead to indictments.
They include the probe into classified documents seized by the FBI from his Florida estate Mar-a-Lago, and ongoing state and federal inquiries related to efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election.
Trump's comments came after Twitter's new owner, Elon Musk, said he would reveal how Twitter engaged in "free speech suppression" leading up to the 2020 election.
But files released on Friday, which focused on the tech company's confused response to a story about Biden's son Hunter, do not show Democrats trying to limit the story.
The White House on Saturday assailed Trump, saying, "You cannot only love America when you win."
"The American Constitution is a sacrosanct document that for over 200 years has guaranteed that freedom and the rule of law prevail in our great country," spokesman Andrew Bates said in a statement.
"Attacking the Constitution and all it stands for is anathema to the soul of our nation."