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text:
A "Mormon" By Any Other Name
November 15, 2018 by Trevor Holyoak
Editor's Note: In anticipation of comments and e-mails on the matter, it should be noted that the name 'FairMormon' has been licensed from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and we have sought direction from the Church about the appropriateness or need of changing it. We have so far been advised that as we are not a part of the Church and have a different purpose, it is not presently necessary or desirable to do so. We are however in the midst of changing some of our website content to better follow the prophet's counsel, as we are fully supportive of him and the brethren.
Written by Stephen Smoot and cross-posted from Ploni Almoni
"The 'Mormon' Boy" by Evan Stephens (1909)
During the 188th Semiannual General Conference of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President Russell M. Nelson delivered an address to the membership of the Church in which he stressed the importance of "The Correct Name of the Church." These remarks came amidst much discussion surrounding an announcement President Nelson had made two months earlier which updated the Church's preferred style guide on the "Mormon" nomenclature commonly attached to the Church and its members.
Among the points President Nelson made during his General Conference remarks were the following:
"Thus, the name of the Church is not negotiable. When the Savior clearly states what the name of His Church should be and even precedes His declaration with, 'Thus shall my church be called,' He is serious. And if we allow nicknames to be used or adopt or even sponsor those nicknames ourselves, He is offended. What's in a name or, in this case, a nickname? When it comes to nicknames of the Church, such as the 'LDS Church,' the 'Mormon Church,' or the 'Church of the Latter-day Saints,' the most important thing in those names is the absence of the Savior's name. To remove the Lord's name from the Lord's Church is a major victory for Satan. When we discard the Savior's name, we are subtly disregarding all that Jesus Christ did for us—even His Atonement."
"For much of the world, the Lord's Church is presently disguised as the 'Mormon Church.' But we as members of the Lord's Church know who stands at its head: Jesus Christ Himself. Unfortunately, many who hear the term Mormon may think that we worship Mormon. Not so! We honor and respect that great ancient American prophet. But we are not Mormon's disciples. We are the Lord's disciples. In the early days of the restored Church, terms such as Mormon Church and Mormons were often used as epithets—as cruel terms, abusive terms—designed to obliterate God's hand in restoring the Church of Jesus Christ in these latter days."
For President Nelson, then, the urge to use the full name of the Church and to eschew the "Mormon" nickname arises from a desire to preserve and highlight the Christian identity of the Church and its members.
While President Nelson's directive has by and large been warmly (if not also somewhat bemusedly) received by faithful Church members long acclimated to the "Mormon" nickname, discussion and debate continues. Progressive and ex-members of the Church who have disavowed Latter-day Saint truth claims but who yet value their sense of belonging in the broader "Mormon" community have especially raised concerned voices that President Nelson's efforts to jettison the "Mormon" label will further marginalize them. Others have outright accused President Nelson of effectively throwing past presidents of the Church under the bus in an effort to satisfy some sort of egotistical dogmatism. "What about the 'I'm a Mormon' campaign spearheaded by Nelson's immediate predecessor Thomas S. Monson during Mitt Romney's bid for the United States presidency?" they wonder. "Or Gordon B. Hinckley's efforts to make 'Mormon' a mainstream moniker during his media-savvy tenure?"
These are worthwhile questions to discuss, certainly. But even a cursory look at the relevant historical data immediately reveals that President Nelson is by no means outside of the mainstream of orthodox and institutional Latter-day Saint thought on this matter. Historically speaking, the points raised by President Nelson in his October 2018 General Conference talk have been repeatedly emphasized by leaders of the Church, including (as we'll see) his immediate predecessors and even himself. What quickly becomes apparent is that Latter-day Saints from the 19th century onward have resisted the name "Mormon" or "Mormon Church" for precisely the same reasons President Nelson recently articulated. Not infrequently (in fact routinely) one encounters "Mormon," "Mormonism," and "Mormon Church" enclosed in quotation marks in historical Latter-day Saint publications (especially from the mid-19th century to early 20th century), often accompanied with the same caveats provided by President Nelson.
What follows is a sampling of sources I have collected in what I freely admit is a non-exhaustive survey of the surviving literature. As will be seen, these sources reach back to the founding days of the Church, and provide more than adequate vindication for President Nelson's comment that "Mormon" or "Mormonite" (and also "Mormonism") were historically pejorative epithets that members of the Church only reluctantly accepted (out of, it appears, a sort of resignation over the fact that they had become so widely circulated as onomastic currency). These sources likewise prove that, with perhaps the exception of wishing to avoid "Mormon" even as an adjective, President Nelson is, as I mentioned, not really introducing any radical new ideas into Latter-day Saint discourse.
Frederick G. Williams (scribe): "Hurlbut also made many harsh threats &c that he would take the life of Bro Joseph if he could not destroy mormonism without."
W. W. Phelps: "It is now more than four years since this church was organized in these last days, and though the conferences have always shown by their minutes, that they took no other name than the name of Christ, the church has, particularly abroad, been called 'Mormonite.' As the members of this church profess a belief in the truth of the book of Mormon, the world, either out of contempt and ridicule, or to distinguish us from others, have been very lavish in bestowing the title of 'Mormonite.' Others may call themselves by their own, or by other names, and have the privilege of wearing them without our changing them or attempting so to do; but WE do not accept the above title, nor shall we wear it as OUR name, though it may be lavished out upon US double to what it has heretofore been."
James Adams: "When prejudice shall in a measure have subsided, and the true state of the matter be more readily received even by those whose prejudices, may have closed the avenues to reason and Justice in a matter identified with the odium so commonly attached to the sound of mormonism This odium will naturally wear off when they have time to learn that Mormons are neither or cannibals"
The 1876 Salt Lake City edition of the Doctrine and Covenants, edited by Orson Pratt. Note that "Mormonism" in the eulogy now found in Section 135 and attributed to John Taylor is set off in quotation marks.
Mephibosheth N. Sirrine: "[W]e have baptized more or less at all our meetings, during this time the priests of the various orders were howling an[d] their followers crying delusion, false prophets, Mormonism &c., but the honest in heart were believing the gospel of Christ."
Martha Campbell: "Delrimple (formerly from Binghamton) came in & a member with him & soon the convesation turned upon what the world Calls Mormonism & the Lord filled the mouths of those present untill the Old adversary began to spout & rail"
John E. Page: "But the truth is mighty; and bears me conqueror through— so much so that is it seems my that the name of <truth> for singularity sake or truth sake or some sake or other the people will runn <earnestly> to here that great mormon say something peculiar to that kind of faith called Mormonism"
Parley P. Pratt: "Suppose I were to ask a question this morning, as a stranger, 'What is Mormonism?' I suppose it is known to most men at all conversant with principles classed under that name, that it is a nickname, or a name applied by the public, and not used officially by the Church so called. Mormon was a man, a Prophet, an author, a compiler, and a writer of a book. Mormon was a teacher of righteousness, holding certain doctrines. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are agreed with Mormon, as well as with many other ancient writers, and hold to the same principles; therefore their neighbors have seen fit to call those principles they hold, 'Mormonism.' They might as well have called them, Abrahamism, Enochism, or Isaiahism; because the ancient Prophets, Patriarchs, and Apostles, held to the same truths in general terms, only differing in circumstances, in distant countries and ages of the world, and acted upon the same general principles, according to the particular circumstances that surrounded them. But the world, out of all the ancients, have selected one called Mormon, and all the principles held by all good, inspired men of all ages and countries they have seen fit to sum up, and call 'Mormonism.' Well, it is as well as anything else, for aught I know; the name does not affect the principles."
Elder Charles W. Penrose's 1888 volume on "Mormon" doctrine.
Charles W. Penrose: "The Church which has been organized under the direction from the same heavenly Power that revealed the Book of Mormon, is entitled the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Its members, then, should not be called 'Mormons,' but Latter-day Saints. The members of the church established by Jesus and His apostles, as will be seen by the reference to the New Testament, were called Saints. The term 'Christians' was applied to them in derision, and was first used at Antioch. The members of the restored Church of Christ are called Latter-day Saints to distinguish them from their brethren and sisters of former times. But as 'Christians' came to be the common appellation of the formerly-day saints, so 'Mormons' has come to be the titled generally bestowed upon the Latter-day Saints, and is used herein only in that sense."
B. H. Roberts: "Three quarters of a century have passed away since Joseph Smith first declared that he had received a revelation from God. From that revelation and others that followed there has sprung into existence what men call a new religion—'Mormonism;' and a new church, the institution commonly known as the 'Mormon Church,' the proper name of which, however, is THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS. Though it may seem a small matter, the reader should know that 'Mormonism' is not a new religion. Those who accept it do not so regard it; it makes no such pretentions. The institution commonly called the 'Mormon Church,' is not a new church; it makes no such pretensions, as will be seen by its very name—the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. This of itself discloses what 'The Mormon Church' claims to be—the Church of Jesus Christ; and to distinguish it from the Church of Jesus Christ that existed in former days, the phrase 'of Latter-day Saints' is added. 'Mormonism,' I repeat, is not a new religion; it is the Old Religion, the Everlasting Gospel, restored again to the earth through the revelations received by Joseph Smith."
George Q. Cannon: "In reply, it must be said that such is the claim of the Latter-day Saints, or the Mormons, as they are erroneously called. . . . Thus arose, as a system, what the world terms Mormonism."
Elder B. H. Roberts famously debated the Catholic theologian Rev. C. Van Der Donckt on the subject of "Mormon" doctrine in 1903.
B. H. Roberts: "Previous to this period, very few of the foolish and wicked stories which filled the weekly journals and pamphlets in America concerning the 'Mormons,' as the Saints were termed, had found their way into the English prints."
B. H. Roberts: "It will be observed that in verses three and four of this revelation the Lord gives to the Church its official name, 'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.' Previous to this the Church had been called 'The Church of Christ,' 'The Church of Jesus Christ,' 'The Church of God,' and by a conference of Elders held at Kirtland in May, 1834, (see Church History, vol. 2, pp. 62-3), it was given the name 'The Church of the Latter-day Saints.' All these names, however, were by this revelation brushed aside, and since then the official name given in this revelation has been recognized as the true title of the Church, though often spoken of as 'The Mormon Church,' the 'Church of Christ,' etc. The appropriateness of this title is self evident, and in it there is a beautiful recognition of the relationship both of the Lord Jesus Christ and of the Saints to the organization. It is 'The Church of Jesus Christ.' It is the Lord's; He owns it, He organized it. It is the Sacred Depository of His truth. It is His instrumentality for promulgating all those spiritual truths with which He would have mankind acquainted. It is also His instrumentality for the perfecting of the Saints, as well as for the work of the ministry. It is His in all these respects; but it is an institution which also belongs to the Saints. It is their refuge from the confusion and religious doubt of the world. It is their instructor in principle, doctrine, and righteousness. It is their guide in matters of faith and morals. They have a conjoint ownership in it with Jesus Christ, which ownership is beautifully recognized in the latter part of the title. 'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints,' is equivalent to 'The Church of Jesus Christ,' and 'The Church of the Latter-day Saints.'
James E. Talmage: "1. Our Acceptance of the Bible.—The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints accepts the Bible as the first and foremost of her standard works, chief among the books which have been proclaimed as her written guides in faith and doctrine. In the respect and sanctity with which the Latter-day Saints regard the Bible, they are of like profession with Christian denominations in general, but differ from them in the additional acknowledgment of certain other scriptures as authentic and holy, which others are in harmony with the Bible, and serve to support and emphasize its facts and doctrines. There is, therefore, no specifically "Mormon" treatment of the Bible to be presented. The historical and other data, upon which is based the current Christian faith as to the genuineness of the biblical record, are accepted as unreservedly by the Latter-day Saints as by the members of any sect; and in literalness of interpretation this Church probably excels.
James E. Talmage: "First, let it be remembered that the term 'Mormon,' with its derivatives, is not the official designation of the Church with which it is usually associated. The name was originally applied in a spirit of derision, as a nick-name in fact, by the opponents of the Church; and was doubtless suggested by the title of a prominent publication given to the world through Joseph Smith in an early period of the Church's history. This, of course, is the Book of Mormon. Nevertheless, the people have accepted the name thus thrust upon them, and answer readily to its call. The proper title of the organization is "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints."
Elder James E. Talmage expounding on the vitality of "Mormonism" in his 1917 treatise.
James E. Talmage: "Permit me to explain that the term 'Mormon,' with its several derivatives, is no part of the name of the Church which it is usually associated. It was first applied to the Church as a convenient nickname, and has reference to an early publication, 'The Book of Mormon'; but the appellative is now so generally current that the Church and people answer readily to its call. The proper designation of the so-called 'Mormon' Church is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints."
James E. Talmage: "WHAT'S in a name? So asked one who has been called the chief of English bards; and hosts of thoughtful minds have been conscious of the same insistent query springing up as a conception original to each. Who but the superficial will venture to deny the influence of names? We are all subject to the witchery of bias and of prejudice for or against; and the odium or the good repute of a name ofttimes determines our provisional acceptance or rejection of that for which it stands. Most of us are in the habit of putting up our knowledge in little packages, duly ticketed. These we stow away in more or less orderly fashion, and though we glance betimes at the label we are apt to forget what any one of the parcels really contains. 'Mormonism' is an unpopular name; the truths for which it stands, the principles which it embodies, are more readily believed in if left unlabeled. It should be borne in mind that the term 'Mormon' with its several variants was first applied by way of nickname to the people now so designated. But nicknames may be so sanctified by effort and achievement that they become titles of respect and profound significance. To this fact history lends definite and abundant testimony. . . . The 'Mormon' people do not resent the misnomer by which they are commonly known, and which has been put upon them by popular usage. They deplore, however, the possible misunderstanding that the Church to which they belong professes to be the church of Mormon. It should be known that Mormon was a man, a very distinguished and a very able man it is true, an eminent prophet and historian according to the record bearing his name, but a man nevertheless. The 'Mormon' Church affirms itself to be in no sense the church of Mormon, nor the church of Joseph Smith, nor of Brigham Young, nor of any man other than the Savior and Redeemer of the race. The true name of this Church, the designation by which it is officially known is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints."
Orson F. Whitney: "'Mormonism,' a nick-name for the Everlasting Gospel, brought back once more for the purpose of completing the Lord's work as pertaining to this planet, binding in one the dispensations, and merging them into the last and greatest of all—the Dispensation of the Fulness of Times."
B. H. Roberts: "Our religion is founded on the revelations of God. The Gospel we proclaim is the Gospel of Christ, restored to earth in this the dispensation of the fulness of times. The high claim of the Church is declared in its title—The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Established by divine direction, its name was prescribed by him whose Church it is—Jesus the Christ. If it be true Christianity to accept Jesus Christ in person and in mission as divine; to revere him as the Son of God, the crucified and risen Lord, through whom alone can mankind attain salvation; to accept his teachings as a guide, to adopt as a standard and observe as a law the ethical code he promulgated; to comply with the requirements prescribed by him as essential to membership in his Church, namely, faith, repentance, baptism by immersion for the remission of sins, and the laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost,—if this be Christianity, then are we Christians, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a Christian church."
Joseph F. Smith: "I desire to say that 'Mormonism,' as it is called, is still, as always, nothing more and nothing less than the power of God unto salvation, unto every soul that will receive it honestly and will obey it. I say to you, my brethren, sisters and friends, that all Latter-day Saints, wherever you find them, provided they are true to their name, to their calling and to their understanding of the gospel, are people who stand for truth and for honor, for virtue and for purity of life, for honesty in business and in religion; people who stand for God and for his righteousness, for God's truth and his work in the earth, which aims, for the salvation of the children of men, for their salvation from the evils of the world, from the pernicious habits of wicked men and from all those things that degrade, dishonor or destroy; or tend to lessen the vitality and life, the honor and godliness among the people of the earth.
Joseph F. Smith: "The man who embraces what is called 'Mormonism,' but which is really the gospel of the Son of God."
The decision to keep "Mormonism" in quotation marks in D&C 135:7 persisted to the 1921 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants (pictured here). The current (2013) edition of the text retains this reading.
George Albert Smith: "It is his Church. He gave it his name, and he advised us that it should be so called. . . . Don't let the Lord down by calling this the Mormon Church. He didn't call it the Mormon Church. It is all right for us to believe in the Book of Mormon. He expects us to do that, but he told us what to call this Church."
Hugh B. Brown: "Perhaps many of you would refer to the Church as the 'Mormon' Church; while we do not object to that designation, it may be a bit misleading. Mormon was an ancient American prophet, whose name was given to a sacred record which he compiled; but though this may be called the Mormon Church, it is not the Church of Mormon, nor is it the Church of Joseph Smith nor of Brigham Young, nor of any other man. It is the Church of Jesus Christ."
Hugh B. Brown: "I am invited to discuss the 'Mormon' Church. I use that term here because it is generally current. It is, in fact, a nickname derived from an early publication, the Book of Mormon. The Church I represent is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints."
Marion G. Romney: "For the purpose of saving mankind in this world, and in the world to come, the Lord revealed it anew in this dispensation through the Prophet Joseph Smith, Jun. Through him also the Lord, 135 years ago today, reestablished his Church, '. . . even The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' (D&C 115:4) commonly known as 'the Mormon Church.' This Church is the Lord's appointed custodian and legal administrator of the ordinances of his gospel."
Harold B. Lee: "When [the Lord] revealed the name by which the Church was to be called, he used some interesting expressions. … He didn't say Mormon Church; he didn't say LDS Church, but the clear, firm, unequivocal statement, 'even The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.'"
Bruce R. McConkie: "We are called Mormons. Many people look upon us as a singular sect as they cry: 'Delusion, false prophets, polygamy,' as once was so common; or 'Racists, antiwomen, patriarchal dictators,' as some now say; or 'Worshippers of Adam and deniers of Christ and his grace,' as others falsely acclaim; or whatever sophistry of the moment will sow the seeds of prejudice among those who otherwise might learn who we are and what we believe. May we say, as many have done before, that what men call Mormonism is the very system of laws and truths which will make of earth a heaven and of man a god. What, then, is the mystery and wonder of it all? This glorious gospel, this perfect plan of life and salvation, this mystery of mysteries—this Mormonism if you will—is the eternal truth of heaven."
Marion G. Romney: "My beloved brothers and sisters and, particularly, nonmember friends, you are listening to the proceedings of a session of the annual April general conference of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, frequently referred to as the Mormon Church. The nickname Mormon is associated with the Church and its members because we accept as scripture a book titled the Book of Mormon. This book is a translation of an ancient record inscribed on gold plates which, in September 1827, were delivered by an angel to Joseph Smith, a twenty-one-year-old youth. Members of the Church do not resent being referred to as Mormons, nor does the Church resent being referred to as the Mormon church. As we have said, however, it is not the correct name of the Church. Its correct name is, as we have already explained, 'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' (D&C 115:4). This name was officially confirmed by Jesus Christ himself when, on April 26, 1838, at Far West, Missouri, in a revelation addressed to the presiding officers of the Church, he said—and this is Christ himself speaking: 'Verily thus saith the Lord unto you, my servant Joseph Smith, Jun., and also … unto all the elders and people of my Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, scattered abroad in all the world; "For thus shall my church be called in the last days, even The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.' (D&C 115:1, 3–4 italics added.) This declaration by the Lord is reminiscent of the account the Book of Mormon gives of Christ's statement to his disciples in America as he ministered among them immediately following his resurrection."
Russell M. Nelson: "Note carefully the language of the Lord. He did not say, 'Thus shall my church be named.' He said, 'Thus shall my church be called.' Years ago, its members were cautioned by the Brethren who wrote: 'We feel that some may be misled by the too frequent use of the term 'Mormon Church." (Member-Missionary Class—Instructor's Guide, Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1982, p. 2.) Before any other name is considered to be a legitimate substitute, the thoughtful person might reverently consider the feelings of the Heavenly Parent who bestowed that name."
Gordon B. Hinckley: "Many of our people are disturbed by the practice of the media, and of many others, to disregard totally the true name of the Church and to use the nickname 'the Mormon Church.' . . . Six months ago in our conference Elder Russell M. Nelson delivered an excellent address on the correct name of the Church. He quoted the words of the Lord Himself: 'Thus shall my church be called in the last days, even The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.' (D&C 115:4.) He then went on to discourse on the various elements of that name. I commend to you a rereading of his talk. The Mormon church, of course, is a nickname. And nicknames have a way of becoming fixed. . . . I suppose that regardless of our efforts, we may never convert the world to general use of the full and correct name of the Church. Because of the shortness of the word Mormon and the ease with which it is spoken and written, they will continue to call us the Mormons, the Mormon church, and so forth. . . . The people of this Church, the people of this so-called Mormon church."
Boyd K. Packer: "Rather than using 'Mormon Church,' we should call the Church by its name—The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 'for thus,' the Lord told us in a revelation, 'shall my church be called in the last days.'"
Dallin H. Oaks: "The First Presidency has requested that we not refer to ourselves as 'the Mormon Church' but by the name the Lord gave his church by revelation: 'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints'".
Gordon B. Hinckley, Thomas S. Monson, James E. Faust, First Presidency Letter (February 23, 2001): "The use of the revealed name, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is increasingly important in our responsibility to proclaim the name of the Savior throughout all the world. Accordingly, we ask that when we refer to the Church we use its full name wherever possible."
Anonymous (Church News): "The First Presidency [Gordon B. Hinckley, Thomas S. Monson, James E. Faust] and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles have approved a series of guidelines to reaffirm the centrality of the Savior in the name of the Churchand in how members of the Church are identified. . . . Media organizations are encouraged to use the full official name when referring to the Church as an institution in their reporting. Media will be asked to avoid such references as 'Mormon Church,' 'LDS Church' or 'The Church of the Latter-day Saints.' When a shortened reference is needed in news reporting or other instances, the terms 'the Church,' or 'the Church of Jesus Christ' are encouraged. Church members should be referred to as 'members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.' The preferred shortened reference is Latter-day Saints. Though less accurate, 'Mormons' is acceptable. . . . In a statement on missionary work given Oct. 1, 1982, the First Presidency said: 'Keep in mind that this is the Church of Jesus Christ: please emphasize that fact in making contacts with others. . . . Through a renewed emphasis and use of the revealed name of the Church — The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints — it will grow and prosper worldwide.'"
Boyd K. Packer: "Obedient to revelation, we call ourselves The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints rather than the Mormon Church. It is one thing for others to refer to the Church as the Mormon Church or to us as Mormons; it is quite another for us to do so."
M. Russell Ballard: "While Mormon is not the full and correct name of the Church, and even though it was originally given by our detractors during our early years of persecution, it has become an acceptable nickname when applied to members rather than the institution. We do not need to stop using the name Mormon when appropriate, but we should continue to give emphasis to the full and correct name of the Church itself. In other words, we should avoid and discourage the term 'Mormon Church.'"
M. Russell Ballard: "The Lord makes clear that [The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints] is not only a formal title but also the name by which His Church is to be called. Given His clear declaration, we should not refer to the Church by any other name, such as 'Mormon Church' or 'LDS Church.'"
Once again, I reiterate that this is a non-exhaustive analysis. Nevertheless, the assembled sources here provide ready proof for Susan Easton Black's observation made in 1992. "The Church is commonly, but unofficially, referred to today as the Mormon Church and its members as Mormons because of their belief in the Book of Mormon," she writes. "But the use of the term 'Mormon' to refer to the Church is unsatisfactory from the point of view of Church members because it does not convey the conviction that Jesus Christ is the head of the Church and that members strive to live Christian lives." This has unquestionably been the case historically. President Nelson is merely reaffirming what has been a common talking point in mainstream Latter-day Saint discourse for some 180 years. His anxiety that the nickname "Mormon" obscures the Christian and restored (ancient) nature of the faith and devotion of the Latter-day Saints was shared widely by his prophetic predecessors.
Joseph Smith's famous declaration made in 1839 concerning the survival of "Mormonism" despite opposition. Note that "Mormonism" is set off in quotation marks in the published (as opposed to manuscript) version of his remarks in the History of the Church.
From what I can tell, the only thing radical about President Nelson's new directive is his insistence on eschewing "Mormon" even as an everyday adjective (e.g. changingthe "Mormon Tabernacle Choir" to "The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square"). Even his warning that "remov[ing] the Lord's name from the Lord's Church is a major victory for Satan" finds precedent in past discourse by Church leaders who feared that popular prejudice against "Mormons" and "Mormonism" would make people lose sight of the importance of Jesus Christ in the faith of the Saints.1
All of this is to say two things. First, whether you agree or disagree with him, President Nelson's comments are historically informed, theologically orthodox, and discursively non-radical (save in one specific way). Second, President Nelson seems to understand very clearly what is taught in the Book of Mormon; that "there is no other name given whereby salvation cometh" save it be "the name of Christ," and that "whosoever shall not take upon him the name of Christ must be called by some other name; therefore, he findeth himself on the left hand of God" (Mosiah 5:8, 10).
It should be said here that the many instances of Joseph Smith utilizing the term "Mormonism" to describe the religious system he restored (for instance, here, here, here, and here) should be read in light of the evidence assembled above. It should likewise be pointed out that in most instances where the Prophet uses the phrase "Mormonism," he does so in a clearly defensive or apologetic context, suggesting his use of the term was strategic, if not also somewhat ironic. Finally, it should be pointed out that when these statements appeared in print, they were (naturally) set off in quotation marks. See History of the Church, 3:297; 5:499, 517.
Filed Under: Anti-Mormon critics, Joseph Smith, LDS Culture, LDS History, Perspective, Prophets
Raymond Takashi Swenson says
In Mosiah 18, the prophet Mormon recounts the organization by Alma of the Church of Christ in a place called Mormon, where Alma baptized the people into the church in the Waters of Mormon. Later on when introducing his first hand account, Mormon affirms he was named for this place, but in this chapter he rhapsodizes about the importance of Mormon as the place where the Church of Christ was established among the Nephites. Here Mormon the prophet identifies the place Mormon with the Church of Christ. Thus, for its chief author and editor, "Mormon" means "the Church of Jesus Christ". Just as "Melchizedek" was adopted by the Lord as a shorthand for "the holy priesthood after the order of the Sun of God", the name "Mormon" refers to the Church of Jesus Christ established among the Nephites in anticipation of Christ's life and atoning sacrifice.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Originally a Postlerův mill, several mountain huts (about 9); and a lodge that as the mountain village of Lower Serlich belonged to Sedlonov. Around 1902 the mill was rebuilt brothers Fuknerovými from Trutnov to a holiday inn, in which the sawmill fashioned clapboard.
The building burned down several times. From 1924 to 1925 he was a sawmill Šerlišský mill lies prepared material for the construction of Masaryk cottage on Šerlich. In 1929-30, the inn was rebuilt to a mountain cabin Šerlišský mill and the upper floor. This building served in World War 2 as a recreational center for women prominent people Wehrmacht, perhaps even stayed here and the family of General von Paulus.
If you have visited in the Eagle Mountains Šerlišský mill, you know that it is a quiet place. But what peace there used to be over a hundred years ago, it perhaps can not even imagine. Tourists, however, have infiltrated the late 19th century, when traveling on the main ridge orlickohorský into space Šerlichu. At their hands a lot has changed here. Šerlišský mill lies the attraction grew as the former mill ceased number of visitors and therefore do broběhly all these reconstructions to its current form. Arose and hiking trails.


text:
Blessed Sacrament R. C. Church
Casavant Frères, Limitée, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada, Opus 2932, 1967,
3 manuals, 40 ranks, Electro-pneumatic action throughout; organ originally installed at Pierce Memorial Chapel, Cranwell Preparatory School, Lenox, MA;
Relocated to Greenfield; re-engineered and installed here in 1986 by C&D, Inc.
STOPLIST
Prinzipal
Bordun
Koppelfl�te
Super Oktav
Mixtur IV
1-1/3'
Blank Tablet
Swell to Great
Positiv to Great
(Enclosed)
Vox Coelestis (GG)
Rohrfl�te
Spitzfl�te
Zimbel III
1/3'
Gedackt
Blockfl�te
Quintfl�te
Sesquialtera II
Scharf IV
Swell to Positiv
Subbass
Pommer
Choralbass
Great to Pedal
Swell to Pedal
Positiv to Pedal
COMBINATIONS & ACCESSORIES
Swell to Pedal Reversible Piston
Swell Divional Thumb Pistons #1-3
General Combination Pistons #1-3
Great to Pedal Reversible Piston
Great Divisional Thumb Pistons #1-3
Swell to Great Reversible Piston
Pedal Divisional Thumb Pistons #1-3
Positiv Divisional Thumb Pistons #1-3
General Cancel Thumb Piston
General Combination Toe Studs #1-3
Great to Pedal Reversible Toe Stud
Swell to Pedal Reversible Toe Stud
Pedal Divisional Toe Studs #1-3
Full Organ Reversible Toe Stud
Wind Pressure of the organ is 2" water column throughout,
except Prinzipal 16' and Subbass 16' are 2-1/2" water column
Pitch standard of the organ is A=440.00Hz @ 70�F in Equal temperament
Installation of the pipe organ in Greenfield was completed on Friday, March 14, 1986, in time for the Easter season!
The story of the pipe organ at Blessed Sacrament Church begins in the Berkshire town of Lenox, Massachusetts in the 1960's. Lenox was the home of Cranwell School, a private preparatory school for boys, established, staffed, and operated by the Roman Catholic Society of Jesus (the Jesuits). A sprawling summer estate with manor house, all given to the order in 1939 by Edward Cranwell of New York, formed the campus and was developed and expanded through the years. Another generous gift to the school allowed for the design and construction of the Pierce Memorial Chapel. Displaying contemporary architecture, the elliptical structure features individual ribs of reinforced concrete with stained glass windows between them rising toward a central round tower, producing an amphitheater-like room focused on the main platform and altar table below. The Chapel was completed in 1967, with the installation of a magnificent pipe organ on a platform, above the Chapel entrance.
The instrument installed was Opus 2932 of Casavant Frères, Limitée, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada and boasted forty ranks of pipes on three manuals and pedals with electro-pneumatic playing action. The façade of the organ was formed from pipes of the Pedal Principal stops of 16' and 8' pitch, though a short wall blocked sight of the mouths of the display pipes. The sides of the instrument displayed the Pedal Subbass stop and a skirting of oak casework. The manual pipework was free-standing behind the façade.
After a stressful period of financial difficulties, the decision was made to close the school in 1976; however, the inspirational sanctuary continued to serve the Catholic community until 1985. The Cranwell campus assets where then liquidated to a corporation of real estate developers in Pittsfield. The Provincial of the Society of Jesus in Boston was insistent that the pipe organ be relocated to a Roman Catholic parish church within the Springfield Diocese, so that many of the area donors might continue to benefit from the influential Cranwell institution. So, the instrument itself was retained by the Jesuits for a separate sale. Bids as high as $85,000 were entertained for the very-desirable Casavant organ; but, the Society of Jesus agreed to sell the instrument for $25,000 to Blessed Sacrament Church, Greenfield, in May 1985, because the Parish met the essential criteria for relocation within the Diocese.
As early as 1982, Paul F. Roy was hired as Organist in Greenfield, to develop the music program and for the purchase of a pipe organ to replace their ailing and inadequate electronic instrument. For the Blessed Sacrament Parish, the quality and reliability of a pipe organ were also a prerequisite to attract, inspire, and maintain a capable musician and, similarly, to lead and develop the congregation in various musical styles of worship. Barbara Richardson began work as Music Director for the Parish in the autumn of 1984, and by the spring of 1985, the Music Committee had learned of the sudden availability of the Cranwell Casavant. Co-pastors Fr. Timothy Campoli and Fr. William Cyr, with Barbara Richardson, confirmed through various consultations that the Casavant was an outstanding instrument in excellent condition and of appropriate size for the Greenfield church. The layout of the organ for reconstruction was arranged by Messrs. Czelusniak et Dugal, Inc., in cooperation with John F. Bednarski, of Bednarski-Stein Architects, Inc., Greenfield, to fit the space available in this church, and for best appearance, tonal projection, and serviceability. Ample funds were raised by the parishioners to cover the church renovation and pipe organ installation; and, site work began after New Year's Day, 1986.
Church renovations required for the pipe organ included special heating and electrical provisions in the new pipe loft, and relocation of choir seating on the main floor, near to the new console placement. The assembly of the organ by Messrs. Czelusniak et Dugal, Inc. began Monday, February 3rd and was completed on Friday, March 14, 1986, in time for use during the Easter season. Tonal regulation and fine tuning were completed at the end of April. The original façade was rearranged successfully to conform to the shape and space of the Church; and the original casework was refinished and refitted for the new location, with minimal effort – a very simple transplant of a custom-built pipe organ!
The relocation of the pipe organ from the disparately different room in Lenox to the Greenfield sanctuary did not require any revoicing of the organ. The power, quality, and balance of the instrument remained in good proportion in the new location, though some may feel that the overall effect or some subtle qualities of the pipe organ heard in the former location may have been compromised by the acoustical qualities of the Greenfield installation. The silvery high tones or shimmering qualities of the organ, supported and enhanced by the hard, concrete surfaces in Lenox, are somewhat reduced now. Greenfield is a more intimate setting, softer and more absorptive; but, the pipework is closer to the player and to the congregation, here. The sound may seem warmer, more robust or broader, and more present in a room where spatial qualities are more restrained. This outstanding musical instrument loses no value nor refinement under these circumstances; but, neither does it require any alteration or enhancement.
The installation of Casavant Opus 2932 into Blessed Sacrament Church, Greenfield, is an exemplary project for the preservation of valuable pipe organs, while improving the musical assets of a Parish, with efficiency and economy. All circumstances in this opportunity converged fortuitously to allow for the support of worship with music, for musical expression, and for Parish outreach with concert presentations, as well. This story is a wonderful celebration of the human spirit for the glory of God!


ChinaSource | Resources by Joy P.
Joy P. has lived in China almost long enough to be considered an old China hand. She's an engineer by profession, but you are more likely to find her doing training. She thrives among Sichuan people, with their love for play and appreciation of natural beauty.


text:
April Peltier 0
Rezone 108 Indian village rd.
April Peltier 0 Comments
Petition To Rezone 108 Indian village Rd
Dear Neighbor, Dear Friend
Please consider signing this petition to have 108 Indian Village Rd rezoned to a CBF-1. This would allow for opportunities to use our land other than just recreational use. This land has been in our family for decades and we as a family wish to rezone for a possible Swamp Touring business. This land, nor this community is a stranger to this type of business. Our family is responsible for having started one of the first touring services in this area. Captain Roy McManus had Swamp Monster Swamp Tours years prior at this very location. Our family has been and continue's to be discriminated against for wanting to carry on the tradition of a touring company as of today on our land. In fact official documents from St. Tammany Parish Planning and Development Department staff shared in writing that they are not opposed to this proposition for rezoning from residential to a CBF-1. Our families aim is to have an environmentally conscious, family friendly and community based Eco tour on this plot once again. This matter is to be reheard as an appeal before the planning and zoning council April 2, 2020 at 6pm in the Council Chambers located on Koop Dr Mandeville Louisiana. Your help and voice is greatly needed in this matter. We as a family are very proud of our community and culture and take great pleasure in sharing our way of life with others. Our goal is to reverse the past ruling by the council as of March 2 ,2020. There were others from our community with a personal agenda that swayed the council by using false accusations that we plan to dispute by way of appeal. By signing this document would allow for the council to see others in our immediate area and abroad have no issues with our family wanting to do these activities at 108 Indian Village Rd. Please consider our proposition and the needed assistance of your signature in this dispute.
Sincerely Thank You
The McManus and Peltier Family


A Zombie version Hello Kitty. She still looks cute. Submitted by Rudolf99. Designed and Created by Zombie_kitty. Thanks!
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text:
Monopolizing Labor
Marshall Steinbaum is a Researcher and Fellow at the Roosevelt Institute. RJ and Marshall discuss monopoly in the labor market, also known as "monopsony"
Nancy Altman - Nancy J. Altman has a forty year background in the areas of Social Security and private pensions. She is President of Social Security Works and Chair of the Strengthen Social Security coalition and campaign.
Immigrant Allies and Low-Wage Workers
Stosh Cotler - Stosh Cotler is the Chief Executive Officer of Bend the Arc. Ms. Cotler has twenty years of leadership experience as an educator, trainer, and organizer within social and economic justice movements.
Paco Fabian - Communications Director for Good Jobs Nation joins RJ to discuss the impact of government shutdown on government workers.
Jaron Lanier: Human Tech in the 21st Century
An extended conversation with computer scientist, author, and composer Jaron Lanier.
Jaron Lanier is the author of "Dawn of the New Everything: A Journey Through Virtual Reality" and "You Are Not a Gadget: A Manifesto "
Corporate Ducks
Charles Sauer - President of the Market Institute and an economist and policy specialist. He has been published on Entrepreneur.com, Fox Business, the Daily Caller, and Women Entrepreneur in addition to writing congressional testimony and speeches for politicians, business owners, and academics.
David Dayen - David Dayen is a contributor to The Intercept and also writes for Salon, the Fiscal Times, the New Republic, and more. His first book, "Chain of Title," about three ordinary Americans who uncover Wall Street's foreclosure fraud, was released in May 2016.
Debt, Deserts, and Donald Gossip
Nomi Prins - renowned author, journalist and speaker. Her new book, Collusion:How Central Bankers Rigged the World, will be released May 1, 2018
Nathan J. Robinson - Nathan J. Robinson is a PhD student in Sociology & Social Policy and the editor of the magazine Current Affairs. He is author of the book, Trump: Anatomy of a Monstrosity
Banned in Israel, An Agency Fights Back
Ariel Gold is a campaign manager for CODEPINK, She has organized US speaking tours for Palestinian nonviolent activists, Iyad Burnat and Bassem Tamimi. She spent December 2014 through January 2015 traveling through Palestine with her two children, then 12 and 13 years old, staying in the homes of Palestinian families in the West Bank to experience first hand what life is like under Israeli occupation.
Gavin Bade is a senior reporter for Utility Dive, and has contributed to a number of sources, including The American Prospect, NPR, the New America Foundation, and WGVU.
Bernie's Coat, O'Keefe's Hoax
Daniel Marans is a reporter for the Huffington Post, he is a general assignment reporter with a focus on politics and economic policy.
Lauren Windsor is the executive director of American Family Voices and the executive producer of the political web-show "The Undercurrent," a partner in Democracy Partners, a progressive consulting firm.
Medical Madness & Radical Resistance
Steven Knievel is a researcher and campaign organizer with Public Citizen's Global Access to Medicines Program. He works with governments and public interest groups around the world to promote the use of flexibilities in patent and trade rules to promote access to medicines for all.
Gavin Bade is a senior reporter for Utility Dive, and has contributed to a number of sources, including The American Prospect, NPR, the New America Foundation, and WGVU
Sat, 6 January 2018
The Future is Female ... and Single-Payer
Natalie Shure is a Los Angeles-based writer and researcher whose work focuses on history, health, and politics. She joins to discuss her recent article "The Feminist Case for Single Payer"
Michael Lighty is the Director of Public Policy for National Nurses United, where he has worked since its founding in 2009, and for the California Nurses Association since 1994. He joins RJ to discuss the fight for Single Payer in 2018.
Wrestling Trolls and Ghosts
Daniel Harnsberger is a professional wrestler from Virginia, known in the ring as Daniel Richards or Dan "The Progressive Liberal" Richards.
Jeffrey St. Clair is an investigative journalist, writer, and the editor of CounterPunch.
Global Uprising
Winnie Wong, Co-Founder of People for Bernie, joins RJ to discuss organizing and activism in 2018.
Reza Marashi, Research Director for the National Iranian American Council (NIAC), breaks down the question: are the protests in Iran a civil rights movement... or a revolution?


text:
東北大学 ホーム
Reliability evaluation of Fowler-Milne method in a temperature measurement of Gas Tungsten Arc
Kyohei Konishi, Masaya Shigeta, Manabu Tanaka, Akihisa Murata, Tadasuke Murata, Anthony B. Murphy
GTA (Gas Tungsten Arc) welding has been used in manufacturing field and studied as a higher level welding process. To understand the arc phenomena that are complicated, it is significant to measure the temperature distribution of arc. Although Fowler-Milne method is one of the popular measurement methods, it is applied only under the assumption of LTE (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium). In this study, the reliability of Fowler-Milne method is investigated by comparison of results between Fowler-Milne method and numerical simulation for six shielding gas conditions (Ar, He, N2, Ar+50%He, Ar+20%N2 and Ar+5%H2). The area in which the agreement between both ways is more than 95% is considered as that in which the LTE assumption is valid. The validity of this evaluation is discussed from the viewpoint of the collision frequency of species in the arc. The present study shows that LTE is valid for the area with the collision frequency of 2.0 × 1034 m-3s-1 for pure Ar arc, and the area with the collision frequency of more than 1.0 × 1035 m-3s-1 for other four conditions (N2, Ar+50%He, Ar+20%N2 and Ar+5%H2). However, for pure He arc, the collision frequency is much lower than the other conditions. Therefore, He arc is not in LTE for the whole area, which suggests that another method is required to measure the accurate temperature distribution for pure He arc.
Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu/Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society
https://doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.33.42
表面、皮膜および薄膜
金属および合金
10.2207/qjjws.33.42
「Reliability evaluation of Fowler-Milne method in a temperature measurement of Gas Tungsten Arc」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
Tungsten Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Temperature measurement Engineering & Materials Science 98%
Collision Chemical Compounds 92%
Thermodynamics Engineering & Materials Science 79%
Gases Engineering & Materials Science 52%
Gas Chemical Compounds 48%
Temperature distribution Engineering & Materials Science 37%
Purity Chemical Compounds 35%
Konishi, K., Shigeta, M., Tanaka, M., Murata, A., Murata, T., & Murphy, A. B. (2015). Reliability evaluation of Fowler-Milne method in a temperature measurement of Gas Tungsten Arc. Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu/Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society, 33(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.33.42
Reliability evaluation of Fowler-Milne method in a temperature measurement of Gas Tungsten Arc. / Konishi, Kyohei; Shigeta, Masaya; Tanaka, Manabu; Murata, Akihisa; Murata, Tadasuke; Murphy, Anthony B.
In: Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu/Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society, Vol. 33, No. 1, 2015, p. 42-48.
Konishi, K, Shigeta, M, Tanaka, M, Murata, A, Murata, T & Murphy, AB 2015, 'Reliability evaluation of Fowler-Milne method in a temperature measurement of Gas Tungsten Arc', Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu/Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 42-48. https://doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.33.42
Konishi K, Shigeta M, Tanaka M, Murata A, Murata T, Murphy AB. Reliability evaluation of Fowler-Milne method in a temperature measurement of Gas Tungsten Arc. Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu/Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society. 2015;33(1):42-48. https://doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.33.42
Konishi, Kyohei ; Shigeta, Masaya ; Tanaka, Manabu ; Murata, Akihisa ; Murata, Tadasuke ; Murphy, Anthony B. / Reliability evaluation of Fowler-Milne method in a temperature measurement of Gas Tungsten Arc. In: Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu/Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society. 2015 ; Vol. 33, No. 1. pp. 42-48.
@article{f3875aba40f3413bb176d78b7b01393a,
title = "Reliability evaluation of Fowler-Milne method in a temperature measurement of Gas Tungsten Arc",
abstract = "GTA (Gas Tungsten Arc) welding has been used in manufacturing field and studied as a higher level welding process. To understand the arc phenomena that are complicated, it is significant to measure the temperature distribution of arc. Although Fowler-Milne method is one of the popular measurement methods, it is applied only under the assumption of LTE (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium). In this study, the reliability of Fowler-Milne method is investigated by comparison of results between Fowler-Milne method and numerical simulation for six shielding gas conditions (Ar, He, N2, Ar+50%He, Ar+20%N2 and Ar+5%H2). The area in which the agreement between both ways is more than 95% is considered as that in which the LTE assumption is valid. The validity of this evaluation is discussed from the viewpoint of the collision frequency of species in the arc. The present study shows that LTE is valid for the area with the collision frequency of 2.0 × 1034 m-3s-1 for pure Ar arc, and the area with the collision frequency of more than 1.0 × 1035 m-3s-1 for other four conditions (N2, Ar+50%He, Ar+20%N2 and Ar+5%H2). However, for pure He arc, the collision frequency is much lower than the other conditions. Therefore, He arc is not in LTE for the whole area, which suggests that another method is required to measure the accurate temperature distribution for pure He arc.",
keywords = "Collision frequency, Fowler-Milne method, GTA welding, Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Reliability",
author = "Kyohei Konishi and Masaya Shigeta and Manabu Tanaka and Akihisa Murata and Tadasuke Murata and Murphy, {Anthony B.}",
doi = "10.2207/qjjws.33.42",
journal = "Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu/Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society",
publisher = "Japan Welding Society",
T1 - Reliability evaluation of Fowler-Milne method in a temperature measurement of Gas Tungsten Arc
AU - Konishi, Kyohei
AU - Shigeta, Masaya
AU - Tanaka, Manabu
AU - Murata, Akihisa
AU - Murata, Tadasuke
AU - Murphy, Anthony B.
N2 - GTA (Gas Tungsten Arc) welding has been used in manufacturing field and studied as a higher level welding process. To understand the arc phenomena that are complicated, it is significant to measure the temperature distribution of arc. Although Fowler-Milne method is one of the popular measurement methods, it is applied only under the assumption of LTE (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium). In this study, the reliability of Fowler-Milne method is investigated by comparison of results between Fowler-Milne method and numerical simulation for six shielding gas conditions (Ar, He, N2, Ar+50%He, Ar+20%N2 and Ar+5%H2). The area in which the agreement between both ways is more than 95% is considered as that in which the LTE assumption is valid. The validity of this evaluation is discussed from the viewpoint of the collision frequency of species in the arc. The present study shows that LTE is valid for the area with the collision frequency of 2.0 × 1034 m-3s-1 for pure Ar arc, and the area with the collision frequency of more than 1.0 × 1035 m-3s-1 for other four conditions (N2, Ar+50%He, Ar+20%N2 and Ar+5%H2). However, for pure He arc, the collision frequency is much lower than the other conditions. Therefore, He arc is not in LTE for the whole area, which suggests that another method is required to measure the accurate temperature distribution for pure He arc.
AB - GTA (Gas Tungsten Arc) welding has been used in manufacturing field and studied as a higher level welding process. To understand the arc phenomena that are complicated, it is significant to measure the temperature distribution of arc. Although Fowler-Milne method is one of the popular measurement methods, it is applied only under the assumption of LTE (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium). In this study, the reliability of Fowler-Milne method is investigated by comparison of results between Fowler-Milne method and numerical simulation for six shielding gas conditions (Ar, He, N2, Ar+50%He, Ar+20%N2 and Ar+5%H2). The area in which the agreement between both ways is more than 95% is considered as that in which the LTE assumption is valid. The validity of this evaluation is discussed from the viewpoint of the collision frequency of species in the arc. The present study shows that LTE is valid for the area with the collision frequency of 2.0 × 1034 m-3s-1 for pure Ar arc, and the area with the collision frequency of more than 1.0 × 1035 m-3s-1 for other four conditions (N2, Ar+50%He, Ar+20%N2 and Ar+5%H2). However, for pure He arc, the collision frequency is much lower than the other conditions. Therefore, He arc is not in LTE for the whole area, which suggests that another method is required to measure the accurate temperature distribution for pure He arc.
KW - Collision frequency
KW - Fowler-Milne method
KW - GTA welding
KW - Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium
U2 - 10.2207/qjjws.33.42
DO - 10.2207/qjjws.33.42
JO - Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu/Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society
JF - Yosetsu Gakkai Ronbunshu/Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society


text:
She cared for COVID-19 patients — but when she caught the virus, she fought it alone
Sepia Coleman didn't have insurance or money to pay for a home health aide as she recovered; she now faces $20,000 in medical bills
by Tammy Joyner September 4, 2020 December 7, 2020
Sepia Coleman has worked as a certified nursing assistant and home health aide for 24 years. In mid-May and in mid-July, she tested positive for the coronavirus. Photos by Andrea Morales for MLK50
Correction: The headline on a previous version of this story said that Sepia Coleman contracted the coronavirus from a patient. It has not been confirmed exactly how she was infected.
Taking care of others is second nature for Sepia Coleman. The certified nursing assistant (CNA) and home health aide has spent 24 years doing just that, including helping patients infected with COVID-19.
Then Coleman got the virus and needed a caretaker, but had to face the brutal invader alone at home.
Coleman, 48, tested positive for coronavirus on July 18, spent 10 days in the hospital then a month convalescing at home.
COVID's cruelest irony awaited her there. The nursing assistant who looked after people for half of her life — feeding them, changing bed linens and soiled clothes, helping with hygiene and mobility — had no one to take care of her. She was under quarantine, and did not have medical insurance that could provide a home health aide.
The severity of her situation sank in as she faced the agonizing task of changing her bedsheets.
"I had to lean on my walker just to get up," she said. She sat on the edge of her bed and sobbed.
Related: Home health aide: Working without PPE, sick leave is like 'going in front of a firing squad'
But this Memphis caretaker is also a fighter. Coleman has been on the frontlines of the Memphis Fight for $15 labor movement, a national grassroots effort to get minimum wage raised to $15 an hour, and an outspoken advocate for health care employees.
The fight for her now is to recover, return to work full time and again speak up for essential workers.
"I never had anything put me in the hospital and shut me down like this. This is like a person who has had a stroke and is trying to regain everything they've lost."
Her normal high energy has given way to frequent fatigue, and she continues to have headaches and lightheadedness.
Still she returned to her $10-an-hour part time job as a home health aide this week. She needed the money, she said.
"I do light housekeeping, run errands and grocery shop. … The patient understands I'm unable to do strenuous tasks."
She is not strong enough to go back to her full time job as a CNA at a small geriatric health care facility, she said, though her employer is pressuring her to come back. That job pays $14 an hour.
Coleman began working at the geriatric facility June 4, and believes she contracted the virus from a patient who had tested positive, and with whom she had several interactions while wearing protective equipment. Other employees there contracted the coronavirus around the same time, she said.
Sick and fired
This was her second round of the virus, and by far the worst, she said. She was sick with similar symptoms — headaches, sore throat, pain and no appetite — in late April and early May when she worked at a nonprofit assisted living facility, where she earned $12.91 an hour.
Coleman has returned to her $10-an-hour part-time job despite the fact she still has fatigue, headaches, and dizziness. She needed the money, she said.
A COVID-19 test conducted May 1 at the job was negative, Coleman was told, but she was convinced that she had it. She was tested again May 11 and the next day, she was fired after her employer confronted her about a critical Facebook post about the facility.
Two days later, Coleman learned her test was positive, she said.
Single cases of reinfection by coronavirus have been documented in the U.S. and Hong Kong, though the implications are still being studied by researchers.
Coleman wrote about her fear of catching the virus, and the lack of enough personal protective equipment for health care workers in an April essay for MLK50: Justice Through Journalism.
"I love what I do," she wrote. "I have had scabies, been bitten by bedbugs and fleas, and had maggots on me from doing home health. I will admit I have worked in some deplorable conditions, and yet I still risk my life for a health care system that doesn't give a f — about me and many others.
"Health care workers are on the battlefield with no protection at all. I am an overnight CNA (certified nursing assistant) for a nonprofit company, and I do home health care through another employer. We are the lowest paid, with no union rights in Memphis, so we have no voice during this crisis."
Attack on the body and spirit
Coleman settled into her new job at the geriatric care facility in June. Then residents and employees began complaining of headaches and cold symptoms, including Coleman.
They were tested for COVID-19 on July 13. She was informed she was positive on July 18 and immediately left work and put her life on hold. She cancelled a July 20 speaking engagement at a Black Lives Matter event.
On July 22, Coleman's brother went to her home to check on her after he couldn't reach her by phone. He found her inside, slumped beside the door. When paramedics took her temperature, it was 103.
At the hospital, her symptoms worsened — chills, high fever, diarrhea and trouble breathing. She was given IV fluids, oxygen and pain medication and found out she had pneumonia in one lung.
She recovered enough to go home July 31, but the ordeal continued.
She was so weak that what should have been a quick shower took 90 minutes, after which she was wiped out. She lost nearly 30 pounds as she bounced between no appetite and bouts of vomiting.
She recently ended up in the emergency room where she learned she had irritable bowel syndrome due to the virus.
She missed her family while she was quarantined, especially her 3-year-old grandson Amir Anderson. After almost six weeks of separation, they renewed their bond last weekend.
Coleman has family members who are medically vulnerable to the coronavirus — two relatives have cancer, another has sickle cell anemia and another has lupus — and she was determined to not expose them.
Her daughter Dayton, who is Amir's mother, talked with and texted her mom daily while she was in quarantine, but not being able to see her hit especially hard on Aug. 12. That was the first anniversary of the death of Dayton's other child, who died at 11 months old.
"It's been really hard seeing my mom down," said Dayton. "It's been a challenge."
Depleted finances is virus casualty
When she was hospitalized for coronavirus, Coleman was still on probation at her full-time job at the geriatric care facility and not yet eligible for medical insurance. She estimates her medical bills will top $20,000.
Friends and supporters launched a GoFundMe campaign to help defray Coleman's expenses. Two fundraisers netted nearly $7,000, said Jayanni Webster, a community activist and friend who helped with both fundraisers.
"Someone whose whole profession has been to take care of others was denied her own home health care because of the nature of the virus," said Webster, who met Coleman in 2016 while they were working on the Fight for $15 campaign.
"We started the fundraiser because there was no way Sepia would have been able to recover at home without facing the threat of eviction or having her utilities cut off or even getting her medication," said Webster.
"She deserves it. She's a very kind and loving person. No one should have to go through this alone. We want her to have time to recover at home. …"
Throughout it all, Coleman has not lost her sense of optimism or her faith in God.
"I'm doing much better. I'm improving slowly but surely," she said.
"I thought I was on my way out of here but I guess not. He's not through with me yet."
This story is brought to you by MLK50: Justice Through Journalism, a nonprofit newsroom focused on poverty, power and policy in Memphis. Support independent journalism by making a tax-deductible donation today. MLK50 is also supported by these generous donors.
Got a story idea, a tip or feedback? Send an email to info@mlk50.com.
Nursing assistant feels betrayed and forced to leave the career she loved
Home health aide: Working without PPE, sick leave is like 'going in front of a firing squad'
20 years as a home healthcare worker, making $9 an hour
Tagged: BlackLivesMatter, Coronaviruses, Covid 19, Healthcare


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Q: Frustrating issue with dropdownlist I have a need to select an item from a dropdownlist, and then as the item is selected, run a method in my controller class that makes changes in the database, then refresh the page to display the changes accordingly. My issue is that I need to assign HTML attributes to my dropdownlist in order for the JQuery that makes all of this possible to work. This is my DropDownList:
@Html.DropDownList("TechnicianId", null, String.Empty, new { @id = item.CalloutId, @class = "techdropdown" })

The only way to assign HTML attributes to a dropdownlist is to have this overload, and yes I am aware of the null value where my SelectList should be, which is the whole problem. Unless there is a workaround for assigning HTML attributes to HTML.DropDownList, I need to populate a SelectList.
The trouble is, no matter how hard I try, I cannot seem to make the SelectList assign the values correctly that I need. The "error" is that, for example, if I have a list of 3 Callouts on my page, each with a dropdown to choose a technician, only the dropdownlist in the first Callout object in the list will work (i.e. the technician I choose has a value assigned) whereas the others don't seem to have an ID value assigned to each item in the dropdownlist.
I'm not sure if this is making sense, but here is the ViewBag with which I populate the dropdownlist:
ViewBag.TechnicianId = new SelectList(db.Technicians, "TechnicianId", "Name");

Without trying to assign HTML attributes, I can use the normal @Html.DropDownList("TechnicianId", String.Empty) which has all of the correct values for each option in the list, except JQuery won't work the way I want it to.

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Southern Italian (especially eastern Sicily): habitational name from Sampieri in Ragusa, or from any of the places named San Piero, San Pier, or San Pietro, generally as the result of the dedication of a church or shrine to St. Peter. This is also found, in the form Samperis, as a Greek family name.
Where is the Samperi family from?
You can see how Samperi families moved over time by selecting different census years. The Samperi family name was found in the USA, and the UK between 1891 and 1920. The most Samperi families were found in the USA in 1920. In 1920 there were 8 Samperi families living in New York. This was about 35% of all the recorded Samperi's in the USA. New York had the highest population of Samperi families in 1920.
Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Samperi surname lived. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations.
What did your Samperi ancestors do for a living?
Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your Samperi ancestors, such as occupation. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status.
What Samperi family records will you find?
There are 3,000 census records available for the last name Samperi. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Samperi census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more.
There are 642 immigration records available for the last name Samperi. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure.
There are 1,000 military records available for the last name Samperi. For the veterans among your Samperi ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions.
You've only scratched the surface of Samperi family history.
What is the average Samperi lifespan?
Between 1944 and 2004, in the United States, Samperi life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1944, and highest in 1976. The average life expectancy for Samperi in 1944 was 37, and 84 in 2004.
An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Samperi ancestors lived in harsh conditions. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more.


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Terrazzo Durability: Decades of Performance
Overview of Terrazzo
Through the years terrazzo has been a versatile building material known for its durability, design and low maintenance, and is used to design decorative flooring systems, walls, and other applications. Terrazzo is divided into two categories: epoxy terrazzo and cementitious terrazzo, both durable surfaces.
Terrazzo gets its roots in Italy during the 15th century. It is a composite material made from chips of marble, glass, granite and other decorative stones that is mixed into a cement or epoxy binder, and then ground and polished.
Terrazzo has seen its fair share of usage over the last century. It gained popularity in the United States in the 1920s with new advancements in grinding machines and divider strips making installations faster and easier to install. While terrazzo is present in many buildings today, the building material has experienced a reemergence in today's green construction projects for its sustainable features and is a trend among interior designers.
Durability of Terrazzo
To this date, terrazzo continues to excel in durability and low maintenance. In fact, terrazzo often lasts longer than the life of a building. Buildings built nearly 100 years ago still have terrazzo floors that remain in good condition.
Because terrazzo floors are built to last, they have a low lifecycle cost compared to traditional flooring systems. Many older buildings with terrazzo can restore the floor to its original brilliance at a fraction of a cost of replacing the finish.
Not to mention that epoxy terrazzo has revolutionized the terrazzo industry with its lighter weight and thinner size but at a higher strength. Factor this along with its range of customization and eco-friendly results, no wonder airports, school, and hospitals are finding incredible value in terrazzo.
Case Study: Decades of Performance
Can you think of any location in your city that has terrazzo? If so, is it still in good condition? For many installers throughout the century, terrazzo is a joy to work with. For spectators, it's impressive to see the designs over the years.
Before he was the CEO of Doyle Dickerson Terrazzo, Peter Mielcarek attended Akademia Morska w Szczecinie AKA The Maritime University of Szczecin in Poland. Like The Maritime University of Szczecin, you'll see many schools using terrazzo. Our CEO shares his experience returning to his university in Poland.
The Maritime University of Szczecin was established in 1947. You'll notice terrazzo through the building. The floors, the stairs, and the columns are made from terrazzo, and still look good as the day they were installed.
Jonathan2020-05-11T18:50:41+00:00Categories: Uncategorized|0 Comments
Hotel Bar Designs that Enhance the Customer Experience
Truly Innovation


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Great post, Tricia. Thanks for the memories!
Looks like a fun time! That bowl of casings grossed me out a little though. You are a brave woman!


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Illinois Press
Home → Illinois Press
Bloomington Taxes Take Huge Bite out of Taxpayers
By Matthew Schultz on October 25, 2019 / IL, Illinois, Illinois Press, Latest, Press
This story was featured by NBC TV and ABC TV.
BLOOMINGTON–Taxpayer Education Foundation (TEF) today released its updated study on Bloomington-Normal municipal pensions, McLean County government pensions, including the top 200 pensions in the Teachers Retirement System (TRS), Illinois Municipal Retirement Fund (IMRF), and the State University Retirement System (SURS). Taxpayers United of America (TUA) issued the following statement based on the TEF pension study:
"Bloomington area taxpayers have been bludgeoned by government bureaucrats and their lust for taxpayers' money," stated Jim Tobin, president of TUA.
"I guess the Bloomington government hacks admired Gov. Jay Robert "J. B." Pritzker's doubling of the gas tax so much they decided to follow suit. Bloomington's gas tax was doubled from $0.04 per gallon to $0.08 per gallon."
"These gas taxes are particularly hard on the working class as they have less, if any, discretionary income than the elite political class that imposes these taxes."
"McLean County Unit 5 school district is piling on with a huge tax increase of its own. Property taxes in the Unit 5 district increased 9.21% this year alone. That means an increase in property taxes of about $200 a year on a home valued at $175,000."
"Let's be clear: this is not about the children or the roads. This is about pay and pensions. This money may be 'earmarked' for buildings or whatever, but in reality it only frees up pre-increase tax revenues for pensions."
"The IMRF pension fund, which gives lavish, gold-plated pension benefits to retired municipal employees, is funded largely by property taxes. If that isn't bad enough, IMRF pensioners, for the most part, also receive Social Security pensions."
Click here to see the top 200 Bloomington-Normal area TRS pensions.
Click here to see the top 200 Bloomington-Normal area municipal, and McLean County IMRF pensions
Click here to see the top Bloomington area SURS pensions
"The entire local and statewide pension system in Illinois is unsustainable. The other five statewide pension funds are funded by the state income tax. Democrat Governor Pritzker and his tax-raising cronies want to stick it to middle class taxpayers by increasing the income tax under the guise of a 'more fair' graduated income tax, so they can make it through the next election cycle. When the state goes under, they will be enjoying their retirements in Arizona or Florida."
"Middle-class McLean County taxpayers would be decimated by the Pritzker Income Tax Increase Amendment if it passes. There is nothing fair about his 'fair tax' that will, by design, siphon even more wealth out of the pockets of the middle-class. And his tax increases won't stop there as we've seen with Pritzker's recent gargantuan gasoline tax hike."
"When you look at what the individual government retirees are actually collecting in taxpayer-funded pensions, you get a better idea of why this theft of taxpayer wealth is so egregious. Keep in mind that the average taxpayer will collect only about $17,500 a year from Social Security, and that most IMRF pensioners are also eligible for a Social Security pension."
Clarence Bowman retired from Illinois State University at the age of 60. His current annual pension is $409,747. He paid $410,284 into his own retirement fund, SURS. His taxpayer funded pension will accumulate to a stunning $11,381,414 over a normal lifetime.
Robert S. Nielsen retired from SD 87 at the age of 58. His current annual pension is $204,027. His personal payments into TRS total $267,783. Having retired so young, his pension payments will accumulate to about $6,296,748.
Mark R. Peterson retired from his position at the Town of Normal at the age of 59. His current annual pension is $149,003. He Paid $213,818 into the IMRF. His pension payments will accumulate to about $3,886,516 over a normal lifetime. Mark is also eligible for a social security pension.
Illinois is functionally bankrupt, and the cause is runaway government employee pensions with unfunded liabilities so huge that it is mathematically impossible for the state to tax their way out of this financial black hole.
"All Illinois government new hires should be placed in a 401(k) style retirement savings account, beginning immediately, and the retirement age should be increased to 65. These measures would at least slow the bleeding until comprehensive pension reform can be enacted," said Tobin.
Where Is The Money Going?
By Matthew Schultz on March 22, 2019 / Blog, IL, Illinois, Illinois Press, Items of Interest, jim tobin, Latest, News Releases, Press
Chicago- After months of publicizing an increase in the Illinois gas tax, tax raisers have formally announced their ambitions. SB 102 proposed by State Sen. Martin Sandoval (D-11) would double the motor fuel tax from $.19 per gallon to $.38 per gallon. Additionally, Sandoval's bill would increase the passenger vehicle registration fee to $148 from $98, and the electric vehicle fee to $148 from $17.50. Most driver's license fees would increase to $60 from $30, while truck registration fees would rise by $100. These tax increases would be expected to bring in an additional two billion dollars for Illinois government annually.
Advocates for the tax increase argue that Illinois needs this bill, but President of Taxpayers United of America Jim Tobin has a question. "Where is the money going?"
"We know not all of the money from the Illinois state gas tax goes to roads," said Tobin. "Also, despite politicians saying so at every opportunity, Illinois roads and bridges are not crumbling."
"Springfield and Chicago tax-raisers are spreading false information about Illinois roads. According to the Reason Foundation's 23rd Annual Highway Report, which ranks the performance of state highway systems in 11 categories, including spending per mile, pavement conditions, deficient bridges, traffic congestion, and fatality rates, Illinois ranks 28th. Illinois roads are actually in the middle of the pack."
"As for the disinformation politicians are spreading to terrify the public into thinking that Illinois bridges are unsafe and are about to collapse, the Reason Foundation found that Illinois bridges are the seventh-lowest in the 50 states in number of bridges in deficient condition. That these lying politicians are spreading lies about Illinois bridges to frighten people is outrageous."
"On behalf of Illinois Taxpayers I demand that Illinois lawmakers tell the public what the money is really being used for."
Taxpayers Fight Two Property Tax Increase Referendums On The April 2 Ballot
By Matthew Schultz on March 12, 2019 / Blog, Chicago, IL, Illinois, Illinois Press, Items of Interest, Latest
Chicago – Taxpayers United of America (TUA) is working with taxpayers in Hinsdale Twp. HSD 86 and Barrington CUSD 220 to defeat property tax increase referenda in the upcoming April 2 election.
Click here to download the Hinsdale HSD 86 Vote No flyer
Click here to download the Barrington CUSD 220 Vote No flyer
"Both of these districts are pushing massive property tax increases that just aren't necessary," according to Jim Tobin, TUA president. "They want to fund wasteful and excessive building projects when Illinois and its individual communities are shrinking in population. People are leaving the state in droves, and here are two more governments that don't care why: excessively high property taxes."
Hinsdale HSD 86 has placed a $140 million bond issue on the April 2 ballot. Hinsdale voters soundly defeated a $166 million bond in last October's election and yet another property tax increase for $76 million in bonds in 2017.
"It seems that Hinsdale HSD 86 bureaucrats are determined to waste even more taxpayer dollars by putting a third referendum on the ballot in as many years, despite dwindling enrollments," said Tobin.
Hinsdale HSD 86 has seen its enrollment drop steadily over the last six years with a net decrease of about 224 students. One major cause in the enrollment drop is that Illinois has one of the highest rates of out-migration.
"The government hacks running Hinsdale HSD 86 haven't made any budget cuts but expect taxpayers to take another pay-cut to fund the district's excessive wish-list of construction projects. They pretend to make cuts, in an effort to hurt parents who voted down the referenda, but all of their phony cuts will be restored if this measure passes. There is not one permanent or meaningful spending cut!"
"The district could argue that they need money for safety and security updates, but that spending category only accounts for about $3.9 million of the $140 million they have put on the ballot. They have neglected to provide basic maintenance on facilities and now expect taxpayers to hand over millions of taxpayer dollars to correct their mismanagement."
Barrington CUSD 220 has placed a $185 million property tax increase referendum on the April 2 ballot. Barrington CUSD 220 has also seen a steady decline in enrollment is are responsible for educating about 214 fewer students.
"CUSD 220 saw revenues increase .31% in the 2017/2018 school year and yet increased spending by 4.57%…on a dwindling student census."
"Barrington bureaucrats are hitting taxpayers up for $185 million this year but this is only a down-payment on their 20 year pipe-dream plan of fleecing taxpayers out of $500 million for building projects."
"They want $5.3 million for safety and security and don't even create an annual budget for these improvements. That's just remarkable."
"Hinsdale HSD 86 and Barrington CUSD 220 share more than just similar demographics; they share a complete lack of regard for the taxpayers who must fund them. Both have let facilities deteriorate over the years without adequate planning or budgeting."
"Worse than their complete lack of fiscal planning is their ignorance of how taxpayer funded operations work. Every time they plan a pay raise, benefit increase, instructional spending increase, etc., taxpayers must take a pay cut to fund it. If taxes go up $100 a year per taxpayer, every taxpayer has $100 less to spend on his or her wants and needs. So yes, every time they get more money to spend, we have less. And they really don't care."
"Government school bureaucrats want hundreds of millions more in taxpayer dollars to build lavish offices that are occupied only about 8 total months a year."
"Neither of these affluent districts have made any cuts to spending. Why should they? They just put a property tax increase referendum on the ballot and cry about how it's "for the children."
"80% of local taxes go to fund government-employee salaries and benefits. So once you get past that spending, it starts being about the children. I urge everyone in these districts to vote No on April 2 and demand the government bureaucrats to cut spending, not increase it."
"We have defeated 431 property tax increase referendums since I founded the organization in 1976. I can't wait to add two more taxpayer victories to that number."


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Carriera

Nazionale
Nel giugno 1981, Shimizu è convocata nella Nazionale maggiore in occasione della Coppa d'Asia 1981, dove esordisce nella prima partita in assoluto della sua Nazionale, contro Taipei Cinese. In tutto, Shimizu ha giocato 3 partite con la Nazionale nipponica.

Statistiche

Cronologia presenze e reti in nazionale

Note

Calciatrici della Nazionale giapponese

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