This review summarizes and presents an overview of the current research state of the pollution ecology of terrestrial ecosystems, as well as the potential future development trends in research on terrestrial contamination and its ecotoxicological effects. With an increase in pollution problems of terrestrial ecosystems, significant attention has been focused on the persistence of toxic chemicals and their pollution-ecological processes in terrestrial ecosystems, as well as the ecotoxicological effects of these toxic chemicals on terrestrial organisms, especially relating to human health. However, pollution-ecological research of terrestrial ecosystems has a great challenge due to their complexity. Varieties of pollutants including organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants and biological pollutants enter into the terrestrial ecosystem through many approaches, such as industrial release, agricultural runoff and domestic waste discharge. The toxic chemicals are not immobile in soils. Some of them are absorbed and accumulated by terrestrial organisms, some are transferred into surface and ground water, and some are degraded by the edaphon. Whether the toxic chemicals move to other environmental media or remained in soils, they can induce ecotoxicological effects on the target or non-target organisms. Besides the acute and chronic toxic tests, the molecular ecotoxicological test is an important approach to the development trends in the field of pollution ecology of terrestrial ecosystems, because it can detect ecotoxicological effects more sensitive, precise and rigorous.


text:
Strand at The RISD Museum, Spring 2019
Strand is a performative sculptural work that is activated by an intergenerational community of weavers using the Grand Gallery as site for a commemorative piece that spans 400 years since the enslavement of Africans in the United States of America to the present day, from 1619 to 2019. Weavers will be creating a foot of the sculpture as a marker for each year, building over the course of a week a 400 foot piece composed of hair, cotton, netting, beads, shells and rope. Strand will be imbued with the embodied knowledge, ancestral recall, intuition, audacity of survival, love and care of the people generating it.
During Strand's creation in the Grand Gallery, the space and the piece will be surrounded and imbued by groups of intergenerational musicians, poets, vocalists and orators. They will play, sing, read and add their experience and energy to Strand, amplifying the layers of resilience, memory and visibility. Performers will attend to the work daily between 10 am and 3 pm in a more improvised fashion. Visitors are encouraged to stay and witness the weavers at work and the performers who grace them.
Artists García Sinclair & Nafis White
García Sinclair
American, 1975
García Sinclair's studio practice is exceptionally diverse in medium and structure enabling them to create works ranging from installations to drawings, performance, sound, photography, textiles, printmaking, and sculpture. Leveraging their curiosity, skill and experimental research process, they are able to generate multi-layered, transdisciplinary works of art. Themes that inform their practice include time, presence and absence, the body as archive, identity, memory, and alchemy.
García holds a BFA in Sculpture from the Rhode Island School of Design. They studied abroad in the MFA program at Goldsmiths, University of London in 2015/16, and earned their MFA in Printmaking at the Rhode Island School of Design in 2018.
Nafis White
Nafis White is a multidisciplinary fine artist who creates her work from objects commonly found in beauty supply stores, natural, industrial and irrigation components and the seemingly limitless horizons of our global and political landscapes. Through sculpture, installation, photography and weaving she centers the uncanny audacity of self-affirmation and love by means of repetition as a form of change.
White's work is in the permanent collection of the RISD Museum and University of New Mexico Art Museum, and has been exhibited at Autograph ABP, Goldsmiths University and OXO Tower in London, Overture Center for the Arts Madison, The de Young Museum, National Queer Arts Festival, among many others.
White holds an MFA and BFA from the Rhode Island School of Design. She lives and works in Providence, Rhode Island.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dinner at the Ritz. Turn heads while wearing our Monaco Inscription Clutch shown in black embossed lizard. Using a centuries old method of "Aghabani" embroidery, colorful French silk threads create a beautiful floral design. Tuck the chain inside the bag to carry under your arm, or wear it long by your side.
11" x 4" x 2".


text:
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Learn from the past: Deepwater Horizon oil spill
by The Editorial Team
in Accidents, Maritime Knowledge
The explosion of Deepwater Horizon led to the worst environmental disaster in the US.
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The Deepwater Horizon explosion is an industrial disaster that began on 20 April 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico, resulting in 11 deaths, 17 injuries and a discharge of about 4.9 million barrels of oil into the sea, leaving a heavy legacy in the safety history of oil and gas industry.
The accident
On 20 April 2010, at about 21.50, hydrocarbons rising up from BP's Macondo well ignited and caused an explosion on the mobile offshore drilling unit 'Deepwater Horizon', owned by Transocean, leased to BP, and located within US exclusive economic zone, approximately 40 miles off Louisiana.
A second explosion a bit later rocked the unit, triggering a massive fire that burned out of control. The 126 crew members were ordered to abandon the unit. They were evacuated by lifeboat and liferaft, and some even jumped from the burning unit.
RelatedNews
According to BP's internal investigation, a bubble of methane gas escaped from the well and shot up the drill column, expanding quickly as it burst through several seals and barriers before exploding. Survivors described the incident as a sudden explosion that gave them less than five minutes to escape as the alarm went off. The explosion was followed by a fire that engulfed the platform.
As the platform had not been able to shut in the well or disconnect from the well head, the hydrocarbons that were fueling the fire continued to flow unabated. At 1026 on April 22, 'Deepwater Horizon' sank into the Gulf of Mexico, leaving the well gushing at the seabed and causing the worst environmental disaster in US waters.
Fatalities & Injuries
From the 126 crew members onboard at the time, eleven remain missing despite an extensive search by USCG and are believed to have died in the explosion. Officials concluded that they may had been near the blast and unable to escape the sudden explosion. 115 were evacuated, including 17 injured men who were transferred for medical treatment.[/three_fourth_last]
The oil leak was discovered on the afternoon of 22 April 2010, when a large oil slick began to spread at the scene, but it lasted over four months. After several failed efforts to contain the flow, the well was declared sealed on 19 September 2010. However, reports in early 2012 indicated that the well site was still leaking.
FRTG estimated the initial flow rate was 62,000 barrels per day (9,900 m3/d), causing a total estimated volume of 4.9 million barrels (210 million US gal or 780,000 m3), including oil that was collected.
This makes it the world's largest accidental marine oil spill, much larger in volume than the Ixtoc I oil spill in 1979, the former largest globally. The spill magnitude was also 20 times greater than the usual estimate of the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The oil from the disaster is estimated to have affected between 622 and 1300 miles of the US coastline around the Gulf of Mexico.
Marine life was of course the most affected. The spill area extended to areas that are home to 8,332 species, including more than 1,200 fish, 200 birds, 1,400 molluscs, 1,500 crustaceans, 4 sea turtles, and 29 marine mammals. A 2011 study found that the spill threatened 39 marine species in addition to the 14 currently under federal protection, ranging from 'whale sharks to seagrass".
Through November 2010, wildlife responders had collected 8,183 birds, 1,144 sea turtles, and 109 marine mammals affected by the spill—alive or dead, visibly oiled or not.
Of course, the number of carcasses recovered was not equivalent to the number of animals actually killed: It is estimated that the actual number of deaths associated to the incident may be as much as 50 times higher than the number of recovered carcasses, according to a study published in the Journal Conservation Letters.
A 2010 NOAA report claimed about 50% of the oil remained below the ocean surface, but independent estimations range of up to 75%. This means over 100 million US gallons (2.4 million barrels) remained in the Gulf. In April 2012, oil was still found along as much as 200 miles (320 km) of Louisiana coastline and tar continued to wash up on the barrier islands.
Probable Causes
Numerous investigations were launched to determine whose fault was the record oil spill, but USCG summarizes the key point:
The Deepwater Horizon casualty was the tragic result of a series of failures that resulted in hydrocarbons travelling up the riser and igniting onboard.
All reports pointed to a series of identifiable mistakes and especially defective cement on the well, faulting mostly BP, but also rig operator Transocean and contractor Halliburton. These mistakes reveal such systematic failures in risk management that "place in doubt the safety culture of the entire industry."
Although the events leading to the sinking were set into motion by the failure to prevent a well blowout, the USCG and BOEMRE investigation revealed several SMS failures and a poor safety culture, as manifested in the maintenance deficiencies, training and knowledge gaps, and emergency preparedness, "that had an adverse impact on the ability to prevent or limit the magnitude of the disaster":
poor maintenance of electrical equipment that may have ignited the explosion,
bypassing of gas alarms and automatic shutdown systems that could prevent an explosion, and
lack of training of personnel on when and how to shutdown engines and disconnect the MODU from the well, to avoid a gas explosion and mitigate the damage from an explosion and fire.
USCG also said that, prior to the explosions, the platform had been found to lack compliance with established requirements for maintaining the watertight integrity of its internal compartments.
The company leaders' failure to commit to compliance with the ISM Code and created a safety culture throughout its fleet that could be described as: "running it until it breaks," "only if it's convenient," and "going through the motions."
Transocean employees failed to identify the potential consequences of their decisions regarding deferred maintenance and the loss of situational awareness regarding the overall safety of the MODU.
Flag state, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), was also blamed for ineffective oversight, through abdicating vessel inspection responsibilities: delegating all inspection activities to "recognized organizations," without conducting onboard oversight surveys by administration officials.
Systematic failures in the Safety Management System of Transocean and DEEPWATER HORIZON rendered the system ineffective in preventing or responding to the flow of hydrocarbons in the riser and the subsequent explosion and fire. The Safety Management System failed to provide proper risk assessment, adequate maintenance and materiel condition, and process safety adherence. The Flag State and USCG did not identify these system failures in time to ensure the safety of the vessel.
In July 2015, BP agreed to pay $18.7 billion in fines, the largest corporate settlement in US history. To date BP's cost for the clean-up, environmental and economic damages and penalties has reached $54bn. Transocean's plead guilty to a misdemeanor charge as part of its $1.4 billion fine.
In addition to the private lawsuits and civil governmental actions, the federal government charged multiple companies and five individuals with federal crimes. None of the charges against individuals resulted in any prison time.
One of the key issues identified on the aftermath of the huge oil spill is that the whole spectrum of the scientific understanding of environmental conditions in sensitive environments as deep Gulf waters, along the region's coastal habitats, and in areas proposed for more drilling, such as the Arctic, is inadequate. The same is true of the human and natural impacts of oil spills.
The incident highlighted that deepwater energy exploration and production involve risks for which neither oil and gas industry nor governments were adequately prepared. The key outcome of the government's investigation of the incident was:
Because regulatory oversight alone will not be sufficient to ensure adequate safety, the oil and gas industry will need to take its own, unilateral steps to increase dramatically safety throughout the industry, including self-policing mechanisms that supplement governmental enforcement.
The extent of the pollution brought also in the spotlight the necessity of spill contingency planning by local authorities. The technology, laws and regulations, and practices for containing, responding to, and cleaning up spills lag behind the real risks associated with deepwater drilling into large, high-pressure reservoirs of oil and gas located far offshore and thousands of feet below the ocean's surface.
As such, lack of procedural compliance and poor safety culture, combined with loose coordination among operators and regulatory bodies, was a deadly mix for eleven people, a great deal of ocean biodiversity, public health and the local economy. Moving further however from the tangible consequences of the disaster, the Deepwater Horizon is a shaking of public trust to the petroleum industry, that is still far from being restored.
The following video summarizes BP's internal investigation on the accident:
The rig ironically sank on Earth Day 2010, causing one of the largest pollutions ever.
By June 2010, 143 spill-exposure cases had been reported to the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals; 108 of those involved workers in the clean-up efforts, while 35 were reported by residents. Chemicals from the oil and dispersant are believed to be the cause.
Chemicals from the spill were found in migratory birds as far away as Minnesota.
Prior to the spill, approximately 0.1% of Gulf fish had lesions or sores. After the spill, many locations showed 20% of fish with lesions, while later estimates reached 50%.
Estimates of lost tourism dollars were projected to cost the Gulf coastal economy up to 22.7 billion through 2013.
'Deepwater Horizon' became a 2016 film starring Mark Wahlberg.
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Viking Islay enclosed space fatalities: Rescuers becoming victims
Pasha Bulker beaching: A mix of poor SMS, fatigue and bad weather
Bourbon Dolphin: A tragic example of ISM non-compliance
Harvest Caroline: A case study on improper safety management
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Herald of Free Enterprise: A wake-up call for Ro-Ro safety
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eyeball covered Popcorn Cake that I made might just be my favorite!
it's ready to cut in serve in about an hour.
it really easy to remove from the pan.
love butter - go for the movie butter kind. Remove the unpopped kernels.
smooth and shiny. Remove from heat and add in your green food coloring.
5. Press into your prepared pan and let cool for about 45 minutes.
6. Pop it out and decorate with the green M&M's and gummy eyeballs.
I didn't want M&M's throughout the entire cake, so I just used them as a garnish.
melt all your candies with the heat.
There you have it, a delightfully ghoulish treat to enjoy at your next spooky movie night.
What's your family's favorite treat with a movie?


text:
›Villa
›Foundations and subfloors
›Inadequate foundation bracing
Villa Image Gallery
Foundations: original details
Repiling and levelling
Inadequate foundation bracing
Insufficient ground clearance
Insufficient subfloor ventilation
Windows, doors, other joinery and hardware
Verandas and porches
Fireplaces and chimneys
Many villas do not comply with modern standards for earthquake bracing of foundations.
Bracing requirements
Adding bracing
Section 5 of NZS 3604 requires foundations to be adequately braced, but existing foundation designs may not comply with this requirement. It is likely that a significant number of villas will have already been repiled, although there are still some with original foundations. Typically, when a villa was repiled (certainly if done pre-1980s), it was unlikely that any lateral support or bracing was provided to the new piles.
Bracing can be provided by a combination of:
anchor piles
cantilevered piles
perimeter footings
timber bracing between piles (Figure 1).
With most suspended floor construction, it is possible to provide diagonal braces between adjacent piles or between piles and bearers/joists. Modern 12 kN pile fixings may be able to be used, or the connection can be made with M12 hot-dip galvanised bolts. Another option is to embed a number of piles more deeply into the ground, typically 900 mm for an anchor pile in accordance with NZS 3604 – how many depends on the size of the house and the local earthquake and wind zone.
If a floor is springy because the span is too large for the timber sizes, a new bearer and piles at mid-span can be added to provide more support. For first floors, the installation of support beams can be one option, but this must be integrated with structural changes to the ground floor where the plan of the building is being modified.
Figure 1: New piles and bracing – washers should have been added under the heads of the bolts.
NZS 3604:2011 Timber-framed buildings (shop.standards.govt.nz)
BRANZ Bulletin 536 Upgrading piled foundations to resist earthquakes (www.branz.co.nz)


Metal braces have long been established as a reliable method to correct malocclusion or bite problems in your mouth such as crowding, spacing, overbite, underbite, crossbite , openbite, bucky teeth and many others.
Apart from achieving a great smile with braces, having straight teeth improves the functions which means you're able to chew more efficiently. It also means less wear and tear on your teeth in the long run.
Straightening teeth is not a treatment only for children, more adults are now seeking teeth alignment to correct issues they never a chance to when they were younger. There are other discreet alternatives to metal braces which are clear braces or Invisalign.
The archwires and brackets (little buttons that are glued to teeth) work in combination to put light pressure on your teeth to move them into desired position. The innovative nitinol archwires have shape memory which bring crooked teeth slowly back to its round arch.
At Supa Dental, we use a unique bracket system, which is customised to each individual patient. Each bracket is designed to control a specific movement for each tooth which provides more efficient treatment. This means less treatment time and more comfort for patients.
At the initial consultation, we'll take photographs, x-ray images and models of your teeth. These information will be used to formulate your treatment plan.
You'll be booked back 2-3 weeks after the first appointment to have a discussion of your results and answer any questions you may have. Once that's done, the brackets and wires are ordered specifically for you from the USA.
The fitting appointment or what we call a "band up" appointment is when the brackets and wires go onto your teeth. It is straightforward and there's no numbing required. Care instruction will be given at the end of the appointment. The wires are then adjusted every 4-8 weeks to move your teeth gradually. Now watch you smile slowly transforms !


text:
Q: Django page not found 404 i get this error while i am trying to run my django server and i am getting the following error  I don't know why

and the urls file is in the myproject/test/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'', include('wars.urls')),
]

myproject/test/settings.py
ROOT_URLCONF = 'test.urls'

  TEMPLATES = [
      {
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': [],
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
        'context_processors': [
            'django.template.context_processors.debug',
            'django.template.context_processors.request',
            'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
            'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
        ],
    },
},
  ]

in the same folder I have another folder wars which has the urls too , in myproject/wars/ursl.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
url(r'^auth/$', views.authenticate_for_token, name='authenticate'),

url(r'^records/all/(?P<token>[1-9]_[a-z]*)/$', views.records_list_all, name='records_all'),
url(r'^records/(?P<offset>[0-9]*)/(?P<limit>[1-9][0-9]*)/(?P<token>[1-9]_[a-z]*)/(?P<comp_code>[0-9]{2,8})/$', views.records_list_subset, name='records_all'),
url(r'^records/save/$', views.records_save, name='records_save'),

url(r'^dropdown/(?P<comp_code>[0-9]{2,8})/(?P<token>[1-9]_[a-z]*)/$', views.get_dropdown_lists, name='dropdown_lists'),

url(r'^approve/$', views.approve_category, name='approve_category'),
url(r'^approve/delete/$', views.approve_category_delete, name='approve_category_delete'),

url(r'^hide-sheet/$', views.hide_sheet, name='hide_sheet'),
url(r'^hide-sheet/delete/$', views.hide_sheet_delete, name='hide_sheet_delete'),

url(r'^template/download/$', views.template_download, name='template_download'),
url(r'^template/upload/$', views.template_upload, name='template_upload'),

url(r'^overview/$', views.Overview.as_view(), name='admin_overview'),

url(r'^login/$', views.LoginView.as_view(), name='login'),
url(r'^logout/$', views.logout_func, name='logout'),
url(r'^user/$', views.UserManagement.as_view(), name='user_mgmt'),
url(r'^user/upsert/$', views.user_create, name='user_create'),

url(r'^debug/$', views.debug_func, name='debug'),

]

I am trying to figure out the problem. it seems that i cant reach the page. and in the python server it says
Not Found: /
[27/Nov/2017 09:44:54] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 404 5189

A: You don't have any regex pointing to / url path. You can change your overview view's URL like this
url(r'^overview/$', views.Overview.as_view(), name='admin_overview'),

to
url(r'^/$', views.Overview.as_view(), name='admin_overview'),

You will see the overview page available in localhost:8005.

A: In myproject/wars/ursl.py add a URL pattern to urlpatterns to match the '/' case and implement the function, e.g.:
urlpatterns = [
# ... others
url(r'^debug/$', views.debug_func, name='debug'),
url(r'^/$', views.index, name='index'),
]

don't forget to implement views.index function or replace it with something else like views.Overview.as_view().

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
BCCI revokes suspension of Hardik Pandya and K L Rahul pending probe, no word yet on return for New Zealand tour
Published: January 24, 2019 6:32:49 PM
The BCCI's Committee of Administrators (CoA) today revoked the suspensions of Hardik Pandya and K L Rahul with immediate effect.
Hardik Pandya and KL Rahul were called back before the first ODI clash between India and Australia.
The BCCI's Committee of Administrators today revoked the suspensions of Hardik Pandya and K L Rahul with immediate effect. The duo had faced suspension for their sexist remarks on TV chat show 'Koffee with Karan'. The Committee of Administrators has lifted the suspension on Pandya and Rahul pending the appointment and adjudication of allegations by the BCCI Ombudsman.
Reports said Pandya may join the Indian squad on their New Zealand tour after the interim relief. However, there is no offical word on the matter yet. "The matter and decision has been taken with the concurrence of Amicus Curiae, P.S. Narasimha. In view of the above, the suspension orders dated 11.01.2019 is immediately lifted pending appointment and adjudication of the allegations by the BCCI Ombudsman," the CoA said.
Last Thursday, the Supreme Court adjourned their case for the next week. Earlier, the CoA issued them show cause notice to which the duo replied but their explanation had failed to cut much ice with the administrators.
Hardik Pandya and KL Rahul were called back before the first ODI clash between India and Australia. Indian captain Virat Kohli had also distanced himself and the team from the controversy and said that the team does not stand with their views.
Controversy struck the Karan Johar-hosted show when Pandya, along with his teammate K L Rahul, appeared on the show and made comments boasting about hooking up with many women. He also spoke about how open he is with his parents and said he had once told them after losing his virginity, "Aaj mai kar ke aaya. (I had sex today)". Responded to a question by the show host, he had said, "I like to watch and observe how they (women) move. I'm little from the black side so I need to see how they move."
The idea of letting the players get on with the game was first mooted by BCCI acting president CK Khanna, who wanted the suspensions to be lifted pending inquiry. Pandya and Rahul's crass comments on the show were criticised by one and all. The 25-year-old cricketer later posted an apology on Twitter for his remarks.


I have been lemming Party Hearty so I made my own red/green glitter franken, Happy Holidays. This is 2 coats over a coat of Color Club Bewitching. I thought I had enough glitter in there but the glitter was very sparse so I might try to add more later.
Here it 2 coats over China Glaze White Out. Mmm not as cool as the black since the glitter is small.
So why is there less than half a bottle, you ask? The last time I posted a franken Asami suggested I try to dry out my clear a bit to help thicken it up. I had half a bottle of clear and left the sucker open for over a week and it was still pretty thin lol. Well I had the top ajar I didn't want to dry out the brush. I thought I would see if it was enough to keep the glitter afloat. Next time I will plan better and leave it to really dry out.
The red glitter bleeds just a tiny bit but it doesn't effect the glitter at all.
All mixed up. Thanks for reading, have a great weekend!


Below you fill find all funeral homes and cemeteries in or near La Harpe.
Suburbs of La Harpe: La Crosse.
Zip codes in the city: 61450.
It was disclosed by South West Times Record on January 16th, 2018 that Norma Jean McClanahan died in Ft Smith, Arkansas. McClanahan was 81 years old and was born in La Harpe, IL. Send flowers to express your sympathy and honor Norma Jean's life.
It was noted on November 18th, 2014 that Linda Jean Talley (Stroud) perished in St Louis, Missouri. Ms. Talley was 64 years old and was born in La Harpe, IL. Send flowers to express your sympathy and honor Linda Jean's life.
It was written by San Mateo County Times on August 22nd, 2012 that Jane Elizabeth Dahlhauser (Gillette) passed away in Saratoga, California. Ms. Dahlhauser was 94 years old and was born in La Harpe, IL. Send flowers to express your sympathy and honor Jane Elizabeth's life.
It was disclosed on May 31st, 2012 that Craig Alan Kipling passed on in Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Kipling was 50 years old and was born in La Harpe, IL. Send flowers to express your sorrow and honor Craig Alan's life.
The City Park was donated by Marvin Tyron, one of the town's founders, as a public square. In 1867, the TP&W railroad line was completed through the town. Chaffin, suggested the name be registered as La Harpe, for the Frenchman who spent the winter over 100 years earlier. Soon after 1830, landowners in the area began to develop a town which they called Franklin. Each summer the town celebrates during the annual Summerfest on the town square.
The official website for the city of La Harpe is http://www.lagrangepark.org.
Find a Funeral Home inLa Harpe, Illinois IL to provide the caring burial and ceremonial services your family deserves.
Find a map, directions and more for Banks & Beals Funeral Homes - La Harpe Facility in La Harpe, IL.
We work with local florists and flower shops to offer same day delivery. You will find budget sympathy flowers in La Harpe here. Our funeral flowers are cheap in price but not in value.


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text:
"Canada 150" Spitting in the Face of Indigenous Sisters and Brothers – a sermon in preparation for the celebrations
Posted on June 25, 2017 by Rev. Dawn Hutchings
Readings: Genesis 2:15-17, 3:1-7; Acts 2:44-46; Matthew 5:21-26
Listen to the sermon here
https://pastordawn.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/pent-3a-june-25-2017.m4a
According to the anonymous gospel storyteller that we call Matthew, Jesus said, "But I tell you that everyone who is angry with sister or brother is subject to judgment; anyone who says to sister or brother, 'I spit in your face!' will be subject to the Sanhedrin; and anyone who vilifies them with name-calling will be subject to the fires of Gehenna."
"Gehenna" a valley outside of Jerusalem where people burned their garbage. Gehenna a filthy stinking kind of place where, in the heat of the day, fires consumed the trash of the city. Gehenna a loathsome place that looms large in our collective imaginations as the mythical hell that haunts our culture, tormenting so us with nightmares of our own making.
"Anyone who says to sister or brother, "I spit in your face!' will be subject to the Sanhedrin" – the Sanhedrin – the people's court – a place where society judges our actions, "anyone who vilifies" a sister or brother, with name-calling bill be subject to the fires of Gehenna."
What is this doing in the Bible? Where is the Good News? Why did our ancestors in the faith preserve this particular piece of storytelling? "Anyone who says to a sister or brother, 'I spit in your face!' will be subject to the fires of Gehenna."? What is the anonymous gospel storyteller that we call Matthew trying to tell us? "If you bring your gift to the altar and there remember that your sister or brother has a grudge against you, leave your gift there at the altar. Go to be reconciled to them, and then come and offer your gift. Lose no time in settling with your opponents—do so while still on the way to the courthouse with them. Otherwise your opponents may hand you over to the judge, and the judge hand you over to the bailiff, who will through you into prison. I warn you, you won't get out until you have paid the last penny."
I suspect that the anonymous gospel storyteller, that we call Matthew, knew a great deal about the kind of disputes that may have inspired Jesus to want to cast members of his own tribe upon the dung-heap of his society. Remember, Jesus own people were colonizers in the land of Palestine. Colonizers all too often resort to spitting, both metaphorically and quite literally in the eyes of the people that they are colonizing. So, I can well imagine the kinds of disputes that would have been rampant in a land of Palestine that had been colonized over and over again. Jesus' own tribe, the Jewish people, had colonized the Canaanites. In Jesus' day, the first inhabitants along with the Jewish colonizers were in turn colonized by the Romans. Inter-tribal disputes were a dime, or should I say, a shekel a dozen. I can well imagine that there was a lot of spitting going on.
Land claims; we here in Canada suffer under the delusion that we are the only ones who must deal with complications over who owns the land. But this kind of tribal turmoil has been going on since long before the Hebrews wandered off into the wilderness of the desert and found themselves dreaming of a Promised Land. One person's promised land is another person's home. It seems to me that the only way to justify driving a fellow human-being off their homeland is to dehumanize them. Human history is filled with examples of one group of humans moving in on another group of humans and it usually begins with one human deciding that the other human is less of a human than they are. Colonizers, by definition, dehumanize the colonized. Dehumanizing others, inspires the kind of contempt that allows some of us to spit in the faces of others of us.
First century Palestine, like 21st century Palestine afforded all sorts of people the opportunity to spit in the faces of all sorts of people. When you scratch the surface of all the spitting you can usually discover some sort of dispute over land. We humans suffer from the original sin of believing that we can actually own the land; as if the land is ours and ours alone. And yet, every tribe in every land, has an innate sense that the land comes to us as pure gift from the Creator of the land. This Creator of land, however our particular tribe imagines this Creator, is the ONE we look to as the ultimate owner of the land. But we humans have this ugly snake that lives deep down inside us, that fills our heads with delusions of grandeur, that deceive us into believing that we and we alone are the ones who are wise enough to occupy a particular place in a particular time. Oh, we humans are very adept at dressing up our naked aggression, but there hasn't been a fig leaf made that can disguise our hubris. And so, we spit in the face of those who reflect our nakedness back to us.
This particular allegory of Jesus insisting that such contempt will lead us all to the rotting, smoldering, garage heap that haunts our deepest nightmares, is not a particularly cheery tale for a Sunday morning. These verses from our sacred scripture don't get much airplay in our sacred spaces. You don't often hear about the dire consequences of our contempt for one another. Oh, sure we know that these verses are there, but we'd rather forget about them, and we certainly don't want to be reminded of Gehenna on a summer Sunday. Which brings me full circle to what I want to remind us of on this particular summer Sunday. For like these uncomfortable verses of scripture that remind each of us of the contempt that slithers about in the dark places of our psyche, there's a particular kind of contempt that most of us don't particularly want to be reminded of at this particular time of the year. As our nation prepares to celebrate "Canada 150," none of us want to think about the many ways our celebrations are spitting in the face of our sisters and brothers, who continue to suffer from the realities of the colonization which continues to benefit each of us as settlers in these lands that we love.
"Canada 150," as if our various tribes' appearance in these lands, marks the starting point of Canada. 12 to 15 thousand years, that's how long the experts insist indigenous peoples had lived upon the lands we call Canada. Indigenous: "originating or occurring naturally in a particular place" As opposed to, settlers who colonized, these lands, displacing the indigenous by whatever means necessary so that our peoples could become the masters of these lands. Our ancestors, the original colonizers, brought diseases that wiped out whole nations of peoples. Our ancestors, the original settlers, inspired by contempt for the First Nations of these lands, drove millions off their various homelands. Our ancestors, came in waves, to settle these lands and over generations adopted tactics designed to rid these lands of "Indians".
But just like our sacred scriptures that warn against the folly of spitting in the face of our opponents, the colonization of these lands happened a long time ago. We'd rather forget about all that and move on. The trouble is we settlers keep spitting in the faces of our indigenous sisters and brothers. And for those of us, who believe that we are not like our ancestors, the reality that our government is spending half-a-billion dollars this year to celebrate "Canada 150" while 134 indigenous communities do not have safe drinking water — well if that is not spiting in the face of our sisters and brothers, I'm not sure that we setters will ever understand what the anonymous gospel story teller that we call Matthew was trying to tell us, let alone what Jesus lived and died for.
Listen to the words of our Metis sister, Christi Belcourt as she reacts to the spit that has landed on her face.
I can cite for you
Lists of the dead
150 languages no longer spoken
150 rivers poisoned
150 Indigenous children taken into care last month
150 Indigenous communities without water
150 grieving in a hotel in Winnipeg
150 times a million lies
told to our faces
to steal our lands.
Forms of resistance
150 battles to the death
150 water warriors walking
150 naming ceremonies
150 ways we shake the ground with dance and song
150 tattooed expressions of sovereignty
150 times 2 million days faces were painted
with earth of this land.
Summers coming of resurgence
150 thousand babies birthed in ceremonies
150 thousand status cards burned
150 thousand youth marching for water
150 thousand children with braids and feathers in their hair
150 thousand Indigenous words being spoken without English
150 summers coming
of Mother Earth calling out to our hearts
where you too, will finally come to understand
the power and spirit of these lands and waters
as our ancestors have known and have been trying to tell you for 500 years."
Christi Belcourt is calling upon you and I to recognize that our "Canada 150" celebrations are in fact a celebration of 150 years of colonization. Perhaps it is time for us to really hear the words of our own sacred scriptures: "If you bring your gift to the altar and there remember that your sister or brother has a grudge against you, leave your gift there at the altar.Go to be reconciled to them, and then come and offer your gift. Lose no time in settling with your opponents—do so while still on the way to the courthouse with them. Otherwise your opponents may hand you over to the judge, and the judge hand you over to the bailiff, who will through you into prison. I warn you, you won't get out until you have paid the last penny."
Justice, real justice would extract a high price from those of us who continue to enjoy the benefits of 150 years of colonization. Fortunately, our indigenous sisters and brothers are not insisting upon an eye-for-an-eye kind of justice. Our indigenous sisters and brothers are inviting us to sit down with them to work together to find a way forward upon these lands that we all love. They are inviting us to do what the members of our Christian tribe have done since the first followers of the way began to chart a path in the wilderness of their own colonial nightmare. Our ancestors in the faith gathered together and in the words of the Acts of the Apostles: "Those who believed lived together, shared all things in common; they would sell their property and goods, sharing the proceeds with one another as each had need. They met in the Temple and they broke bread together in their homes every day. With joyful and sincere hearts, they took their meals in common, praising God and winning the approval of all the people."
Our indigenous sisters and brothers are inviting us to sit down together to break bread with one another, so that we can find ways to share the blessings of these lands that we love. We are being invited to share in a process that is embodied in the smudging ceremony that purifies the space to permit the sacred energy that exists between peoples to lead us forward in peace.
So, during the days of celebration, let us open ourselves to the possibilities of peace among the lovers of these lands. Let us remember twelve to fifteen thousand years of history on these lands, and let us honour all those who have gone before us, all those who will come after us, by learning to live in harmony with our sisters and brothers upon these lands that we call Canada.
This entry was posted in Adult Education, Bible Study, Evolutionary Christianity, Progressive Theology, SERMONS, STORIES, Theology and tagged #resistance150, Canada 150 plus sermon, Canada Day sermon, Christi Belcourt, Indigenous Day sermon, Indigenous rights, Lutheran sermon Pentecost 3A, progressive Canada Day sermon, Progressive Christian sermon Matthew 5:21-26 by Rev. Dawn Hutchings. Bookmark the permalink.


Black Magic Spells in Mali – one of the strongest and powerful spiritual forces of the universe has become one of the most reliable and assuring source of solution to the people all over the world. Gone are the days when people would shrink away at the mention of the dark arts and would discriminate black magic. In the modern world, black magic is not only very interesting phenomena but also a very commonplace idea. It is surprising to note that thousands of years ago when black magic first came into being it was regarded as a sin. We all know that black magic spells are powerful spells, but within those there are few specific black magic spells which are even more powerful than others. In this website you will find many of them!
what is Black Magic then?
The line between what can be considered black magic is fuzzy though. Love spells are rarely seen as black magic, but if the spell makes someone leave their spouse and travel across the country to be with you you are defiantly messing with free will. However, a simple crush spell to get a date doesn't really mess with their free will.
powerful Black Magic Love Spells That Work Fast My black magic spells are specifically designed to solve any relationship/marriage problems. This brings my lover back spell will not rest until it has achieved what it has set out to do. That is why I promise you that the results that you wish will definitely be given to you. Have you tried almost anything to solve your marital problems but nothing seems to help? You have even resorted to going through counseling but still no improvement or changes?
Now it is time to use my fast black magic love spells which will not backfire on you. Instant changes and improvement in your relationship/marriage are assured with my bring a lover back spell. If your marriage is involved in a love triangle then the fast route to ensuring that the other woman is taken out of the picture is through using bring my lover back spell. This black magic love spell will make problems to disappear in the relationship that your lover will become faithful to you.
As a sub set of the Health Spells in general, these death spells are some of the most powerful spells in this spell book.
Although none of the spells will directly cause the death of the intended victim they will cause the body to get ill and die.
However, because of the power of the spells, when they backfire onto the caster, they are usually much more powerful then they would normally be, making removal of a mis-cast death spell nearly impossible.
These are perhaps some of the most powerful, if not the most powerful health spells there are. When dealing with health you deal with the power of life and death, and these spells cause harm.
cipate over time depending on the power of the caster.
When cast by the most powerful casters, these spells can bring a dead person or animal back to life.
However, the majority of the time these spells will only succeed in contacting the dead's spirit since it takes much more magical power to return the spirit to a body then just to contact it.
It should also be noted that there is only a certain amount of life force in the universe, thus when you attempt to bring back a life, you must steal life force from other living beings to do so. Only the most experienced of casters are also able to control where this life force is taken from.
A spell of banishment will banish a person or entity from your presence.
If miscast these spells will banish you from their presence. What the difference is is quite simple. Assume you are going to a restaurant, the banished person will not be able to go.
What happens is that if the spell is miscast, you will be the one unable to go.
Binding spells are used to bind (or hold) things. The usual reason for this is to bind a person or spirit to prevent it from doing damage to yourself, someone else, or itself.
Care must be taken when binding spirits since they will almost always bind to the caster, and you must have a plan for it after it is bound. However, if you are skilled enough to cast a binding spell you will also be skilled enough to handle any bound spirits.
There are two main types of conjuring spells. Those which conjure objects and those which conjure spirits.
Spells which conjure spirits are relatively simple to cast and rarely have negative consequences to casting.
However, those spells which conjure spirits are some of the most powerful spells in existence. Only a true caster can cast these spells correctly. When these spells are cast incorrectly the caster is usually haunted for the rest of their lives by the tormented soul they tried to conjure.
Energy spells are somewhat similar to force spells.
An energy spell creates a field of energy around you. This field of energy helps to protect you against evil magic, and aids in good magic spells cast upon you.
However, if the spell is mis-cast the effects are reversed and the energy field around you will aid evil spells and prevent good ones, making it quite difficult to remove.
Nightmare spells are in the Spiritual Spells set of spells, and as such carry a great amount of power with them.
The general purpose of nightmare spells is to give someone a poor night's sleep, but they can also be used to remove bad dreams from someone at the same time.
Nightmare spells can not generally be overdone by another nightmare spell, that is to say if a nightmare is caused by a magical spell, a remove nightmare spell will have no effect.
Power spells belong to the Spiritual Spell group, and as such are some of the most magical and powerful spells known.
spells deal with unseen forced in the Universe which sometimes protect us and other times hurt us.
Everyone has control of the forces around them at some level, but the more force you control the more powerful your force spells can become. When you use these magical forces to create a shield around you, spells cast against you by another person have a much lower chance of success.
Want to take revenge on someone without them knowing who it was, or without being caught. That is what revenge spells are for.
These spells will either curse your target with bad luck, or grant them protect from bad luck.
Care must be taken when casting these spells as they will often back fire and the intended victim of your spell will not be effected. Instead the caster is cursed with bad luck, beginning with the miscasting of the spell.
These misfortune spells are the exact opposite of the Good Luck Spells. They may be used to give someone a bad day in general, or be used to create bad luck objects.
Anyone carrying one of these bad luck objects will be cursed with bad luck as long the object is with them, and usually for sometime after they get rid of it.
After reading through all the spells, Feel free to contact me for any of them.


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Q: JQUERY: this closest classname fadeOut is fading multiple elements The following is the output html of a php loop.

            User1

        Friend Request

            User2

        Friend Request

This next bit is my jquery script.
$(document).on("click", "a.accept_friend", function() {
    var removeit = $(this).closest(':has(.item)').find('.item').fadeOut();
    return removeit;
});

for some reason when either class="accept_friend" is clicked, both class="item" 's are being removed instead of just the .closest(':has(.item)') to the clicked event.
Obviously for an end result, when class="accept_friend" is clicked I only want the container class="item" of the clicked element to be removed.

A: .closest(':has(.item)') finds element that has child elements with class item in it, which is body tag.and .find('.item') on body element select all the elements that are .item. which is 2 in current case.
You need to traverse to item element and fade it out:
$(document).on("click", "a.accept_friend", function() {
  var removeit = $(this).closest('.item').fadeOut();
  return removeit;
});


text:
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America Has Lost Respect for the Constitution
Roger Anghis
America Has Lost Her Constitution -Part 2
One has to set back and think about what happened in America where the respect for our Constitution was lost. Personally, I believe it was the Democrat Party as they have been the biggest violators of that sacred document. One just has to look at the condition of the country after Democrats have been in control for a while and you can see why I make that comment. California has gone bankrupt under Jerry Brown and RINO Arnold Schwarzenegger, Detroit has been under Democrat rule since 1962, it looks like a third world country. The top ten ghettos are the result of Democrat 'leadership'. A man by the name of N. Grigsby who died in 1890 had this comment placed on his gravestone: "Through this inscription I wish to enter my dying protest against what is called the Democrat Party. I have watched it closely since the days of (Andrew) Jackson and know that all the misfortunes of our nation has come through this so-call party. Therefore, beware of this party of treason".
Trending: Democrats: The Party of Hate, Violence, and Division
When we look at presidents FDR, LBJ, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama and president wanna-be Hillary Clinton we see that treason runs in that party. Even Norman Mattoon Thomas, a six time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America stated in 1944: "The American people will never knowingly adopt socialism. But, under the name of liberalism they will adopt every fragment of the socialist program, until one day America will be a socialist nation, without knowing how it happened. I no longer need to run for the Socialist Party, the Democrat Party has adopted our platform." 1
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Some may call me an alarmist, but facts don't lie! Jimmy Carter's National Security Advisor, Zibignew Brezinski, was, in my eyes, a traitor. His father was a Polish nobleman that served in Nazi Berlin and Soviet Moscow. It is never a good idea to allow those that favor the overthrow of your government to be involved in your government. Brzezinski was active in many establishment foreign policy institutions, such as the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Bilderberg meetings. In 1973, with the backing of David Rockefeller, he helped to found the Trilateral Commission, where he consistently advocated moderation in US policies. All three institutions were the target of paranoid suspicion on the American right. It was through the Trilateral Commission, which advocated co-operation between the US, Europe and Japan, that he met Carter, then known mainly as a liberal governor of Georgia. In 1975 Brzezinski became Carter's chief foreign policy adviser, and in 1977, when Carter was inaugurated president, his national security adviser. 2 All of these organizations are fighting for a One World Government. That means that the government of the United States must be removed to attain this.
Carter was not the only one to appoint a traitor to high places. Barack Obama installed members of the Muslim Brotherhood in the Department of Homeland Security. One of the two appointees has a long record of working in law enforcement under both Republicans and Democrats. According to an April 24, 2009, press release from the Department of Homeland Security, Arif Alikhan was appointed assistant secretary for policy development by Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano. Alikhan came from Los Angeles, where he served as deputy mayor for homeland security and public safety. Before working for Democratic Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa, Alikhan was a top prosecutor at the U.S. Department of Justice from 1997 to 2006. During the administration of President George W. Bush, he served as senior counsel and executive director of the Intellectual Property Task Force. Alikhan was described by the Los Angeles Times as "a Muslim born to Pakistani and Indian parents," and he has supported Muslim American causes.
The second appointee is Kareem Shora, who describes himself as a "Muslim American." His appointment to a non-policy-making advisory position was announced June 5, 2009. He first became a member of the Homeland Security Advisory Council along with 15 others — including Gary Hart, a former U.S. senator who was a member of the 9/11 commission, and Bill Webster, who was director of the CIA and FBI. The council makes recommendations directly to Napolitano on various homeland security issues, but members have no policy-making authority. A department official told us that Shora, who was born in Damascus, Syria, resigned from the advisory board in the fall of 2009 to become a senior adviser in the department's Office of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties. Upon taking the job at the civil-rights office, Shora also resigned as national executive director of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. 3
Any one who has studied islam understands that as a muslim, you do not pledge allegiance to any thing or any one but their satan god allah. They are required to work towards world dominination of islam. Only a traitor like Obama would put members of an ideology that demands the overthrow of the American government and replace it with shariah law. The founder of CAIR, as terrorist related organization, Omar Ahmad stated: "Islam isn't in America to be equal to any other faith, but to become dominant. The quran, the muslim book of scripture, should be the highest authority in America, and islam the only accepted religion on Earth." Omar denies he said these words but, a muslim is required to lie, cheat, steal and even kill to advance islam, so I believe that he said these very words. They are the goals of islam. Why wouldn't he say them? Why would a person of this persuasion be placed in a position of authority within our government? Our leaders are sworn to uphold the Constitution and protect the American people. Carter and Obama both failed miserably at this. At least with Obama I believe that it was fully intentional.
With either of these situations where was Congress to stop this infiltration of our Homeland Security of the enemy? Way too many members are globalists and are pushing towards the One World Government. Back in 2010 it was revealed that there were seventy members of Congress that belonged to the Democrat Socialist of America. Very well known members of Congress belong to this anti-American party: John Conyers [Chairman of the Judiciary Committee], Tammy Baldwin, Jerrold Nadler, Luis Gutierrez, Melvin Watt, Maxine Waters, Sheila Jackson-Lee, Dennis Kucinich, Bernie Sanders, Elijah Cummings, Danny Davis, Keith Ellison, Alan Grayson, Jesse Jackson, Jr., Charles Rangel just to name a few. 4 Several of these people are no longer in office but one point needs to be made, they are all members of the Democrat Party except for Bernie Sanders, he's an independent, but caucuses with the Democrats.
It is becoming easier to see why our Constitution is no longer held in high esteem. The people we have put into office no longer hold it in high esteem. Our apathy has put our nation in great peril. Many of these people have been in Congress for several decades slowly pushing our country down the path of socialism. And the Republicans don't seem to be concerned. That should be a concern to us.
Foot Notes
https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/548340-the-american-people-will-never-knowingly-adopt-socialism-but-under
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/28/zbigniew-brzezinski-obituary
https://www.factcheck.org/2010/11/muslims-appointed-to-homeland-security/
http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2010/08/american-socialists-release-names-of-70-congressional-democrats-in-their-caucus/
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of the author and are not not necessarily either shared or endorsed by iPatriot.com.
Mr. Roger Anghis was born and raised in Denver, CO where he still resides. Always a student of history he has always been interested in the history of America. Having been raised in the 1950's and 60's when some of America's real history was still being taught in public schools, he was concerned that when his kids were in school the real history of America was not being taught. Why America was involved in the war of independence was no longer taught. The patriotism of our Founders was not being taught. The religious faith of our Founders was not being taught and that was the foundation for the revolution. So much of the importance of America was not being taught and was actually deemed 'unconstitutional' to be taught by our activist courts that there is a great threat of citizens of America will forget what makes America the greatest nation the world has ever or will ever see. Mr. Anghis has spent years studying the lives of the Founders and the impact their faith, Christianity, had on the development of America and America's style of government, which is unlike any government of any other nation. He wanted to make sure that there is a true record of the real America. So many of the modern history books have eliminated the faith of our Founders which is the foundation of everything that is American. Organizations like the ACLU, American's United for the Separation of Church and State and Freedom From Religion have made the telling of our real history illegal in our public schools and the display of our Christian heritage in the public square illegal. If we forget where we came from, we will not know who we are. We are one generation from being there. Most people are unaware of the strong Christian foundation of our Founding Fathers. The three books written by Reverend Anghis are designed to bring this information to light. We must never forget Who made us the greatest nation on earth. Mr. Anghis has owned a construction company in the Denver metro area for thirty-two years doing all phases of construction but specializes in custom woodworking and custom tile and stone. Books published are Bring America Back To Her Religious Roots: https://www.createspace.com/3647408 . This book has been put into the libraries of Hillsdale College and Oral Roberts University. Defining America's Exceptionalism through WestBow Press, a division of Thomas Nelson Publishing: http://bookstore.westbowpress.com/Products/SKU-000569126/defining-americas-exceptionalism.aspx The third book, Discovering America's Christian Heritage, has been written but has not been put into print as of yet. Mr. Anghis has been a weekly author for NewsWithViews.com since February of 2010 commenting on our history and current events. He has also produced for 11 years a daily email news letter called the American Intelligence Briefing dealing with current events and the threats to our constitutional freedoms. Mr. Anghis has been a guest on numerous radio programs and has been on Day Star and TBN. Website: www.BuildingtheTruth..com. Contact info: Cell: 303-917-5693 Email: [email protected]
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The Arsenal Yankee
What Soccer Scouts Look For Pt. 1: Technique
The below is largely a bit of stream of consciousness. I naturally have my own opinions on what I think makes top level players but am always open to hearing others opinions. The views expressed are my own and have nothing to do with my employer.
Despite having lived in England for quite some time, I'm still a big fan of US Youth Soccer and our entire national team programs in general. I'm always interested in hearing what new coaches or technical directors bring to the table when they are hired and more often than not, they are asked about the style of play they plan on imposing on their pool of players. While I'm a big proponent of tactics and establishing a system that can be adhered to from the youngest of players to the guys representing our country at the international stage, it all starts with building a strong technical foundation that ensures our players are confident and comfortable on the ball, regardless of the setting and regardless of the opposition.
I often get asked what it is exactly that scouts look for when watching players to either recommend signing or bringing in on trial. Though the answer can likely differ for various scouts, managers, coaches, etc, I have been watching the game as a scout for a long enough time - and was lucky enough to scout players for Arsene Wenger for an equally long time - to have an opinion on what I think it takes to make it at the highest level. Of course it isn't a perfect science and scouts do their best to assess all aspects of a player - from ability to personality to intelligence to environment and more- but several core characteristics are consistently debated, discussed, and analyzed in a subjective manner.
A Bit of Background
I want to begin with the technical side of the game because it is an area that, as an American who moved to England and Arsenal specifically as a 17 year old, I was surprised about. I moved over as a striker and eventually settled in at left back, but I quickly realized how despite my thoughts on my technical standard being at a high level, just how far off I was. At the highest level, technique can separate average players from good players and good players from great players. This skillset goes hand in hand with confidence and belief and most importantly the ability to execute in dynamic situations that present themselves throughout the course of any game.
Technique is established at a young age and tuned as a player develops and matures into his/her senior career. Some players are naturally more comfortable on the ball while others may have to work a bit harder to achieve the same amount of comfort in similar situations.
As a kid I used to put cones down in my backyard and dribble through them for hours. Right foot only. Then left only. Then both feet. Then the outside of my right foot only. Repeat on the left. Then a little sequence that would see me use the inside of my right foot to the outside of my left foot only to bring it back with the inside of my left foot to the outside of my right foot. Repeat. Repeat. I did this because I innately enjoyed being outside with a ball at my feet either in the sweltering humidity and heat combination of Roanoke, Virginia's summers or the cold winter days that would sometimes freeze the ground and make my backyard feel more like an ice rink and less like an actual pitch.
I'd also spend a bit of time juggling a ball - trying to get 100 first, then 500, then 1000. At 1000 I felt as though I had obtained a level of technical strength as well as a level of concentration that made me feel like I could hit 5000 or 10,000 if I tried. By the time you hit 1000 juggles, you're generally sweating because you've been focused for so long. The technical repetition nearly goes into auto-pilot and it becomes a test of how long you can actually stay focused.
In the video above Zidane - arguably my favorite player - demonstrates remarkable technique, athleticism, and awareness to bring down the ball and evade his defender. I can assure you no team he ever played for set up situations where he would have been forced to twirl around, control the ball with his chest, then use the outside of his foot to rid himself of his marker. The above is a perfect example of ball mastery, belief, and creativity which is a by product of repetition.
Never in a game was I required to juggle a ball 1000 times. In fact, I don't think I was ever tasked or required to keep the ball up 10 times in a row. However, the repetition lead to a strong understanding between my mind and my feet, the spatial recognition of myself with relation to the ball and the area around me, and of course that increased ability to focus for longer periods of time. It also established a form of goal-setting that prompted me to push myself further and further - a process I still use to this day as a 34 year old sat at a computer here in London.
Further to the point above, the repetition leads to being confident and comfortable in possession or whenever the ball is near. I may never have juggled a ball 1000 times in a game, but if a ball fell to me from the air, I was confident and comfortable in my own ability to safely bring it down and ultimately keep the ball moving. Similarly, though I certainly wish I'd managed to dribble around 8 defenders in a row during my career, I never did, but the movement and general muscle memory I'd acquired through repetition would contribute to me dodging a tackle or two here and there throughout the game without having to think about it.
Of course soccer is much more than just being able to juggle and dribble. When speaking to parents, coaches, and agents it is often observed that at its highest level, the sport actually looks quite slow. While this can be the case during lulls in possession or situationally in a match, this observed pace is often due to a combination of awareness and technical ability. Players who bring the ball away from pressure and into space naturally seem to have more time on the ball. Those who struggle with their first touch make the game look frantic, fast, and out of control. Those who rush passes because their first touch puts them in an uncomfortable position or on the wrong foot equally speed up play when it doesn't need to be sped up.
Again, at the highest level, players possess an elite understanding and awareness of the game AND are able to combine their technical prowess alongside it. This is what makes the best players in the world who they are. I've seen all sorts of players during my twelve years scouting - some players will be remarkably gifted from a technical standpoint but fail to understand the game or execute this technique when pressure is present. Others understand the game and what should and needs to happen next but lack the ability or quality to actually make it happen.
A Quick Focused Look at Strikers
Positionally players tend to have a different type of technical skillset as well. Strikers require the ability to hold off defenders while simultaneously holding up the ball and bringing others into play. They need to be able to effectively take the sting out of a 40 yard driven ball into them with a strong defender on their back and angle their first time pass into the run of an oncoming midfielder ensuring that the weight of the ball allows for the midfielder to continue his run without breaking stride or direction. They also need to be able to check back into space and turn sharply on the ball when they've created enough space from their marker to do so. In this case, their first touch will be quite different than when they have a defender on their back. Their first touch will also differ if the team is under quite a bit of pressure and requires their striker to serve as an outlet and just hold onto the ball for a second or two to allow the rest of the team to join. In these cases, not only will the striker have a defender on his/her back, but they'll likely have a trailing midfielder eager to close down in front of them. A composed first touch to bring the ball under control and potentially a second touch to get away from the oncoming defender will then be required.
This is just one aspect of one position on the pitch - and of course a small snippet of what makes this sport so fun, dynamic, and easy to play but difficult to master. The main job of a striker is to score goals and this requires being able to move the ball into good positions, getting into good positions, and being able to get the ball past the keeper and into the net. Being able to strike a ball properly is another very important skill, but I tend to again see far too many young players focus far too much on how to hit the perfect set piece or knuckled shot without actually being able to control a ball under pressure. I understand of course - it's far more exciting to hit a shot from 25 yards that sails past the goalkeeper and into the net than being able to consistently control a ball with a strong defender breathing down your neck, but the opportunity to perform the former will never present itself unless you're able to do the latter.
A Quick Story
I used to practice shooting in my background quite a bit when I was growing up and it lead to me being able to score quite a few goals with my travel team in Virginia. When I arrived in London for my trial, the first couple of days were so difficult for me because I never seemed to have the chance to actually shoot to show the coaches I was capable of scoring. I lacked the ability to consistently play with my back to goal and spin defenders or just be able to bring the ball under control with a big strong center back all over me.
While I was heavily regarded back in the States as being quite technical and comfortable in possession, some of the technique I had developed growing up barely had a chance to surface at the highest level. Back home, I was able to create space for myself and score because I was quick, I was smart in possession, and because I could generally do enough to dribble and create opportunities around the box. When all of those tools were removed because of the stronger, more intelligent defenders, I was forced to rely on other aspects of my game that I had just failed to develop properly.
Note: After 8 months at Arsenal, I was essentially deemed not good enough as a striker and moved to left back where I was able to use my skillset far more appropriately. I'd never defended in my life but I learned how to and eventually played for the first team several times as a left back and left midfielder.
It Really is all About the Basics
If you watch the Premier League and the world's best players, you'll see players like Sergio Aguero and Olivier Giroud holding players off, bringing others into play, and spinning their defenders. Aguero and Giroud play for Manchester City and Chelsea respectively, two teams that are capable of keeping the ball for long periods of time, playing through the lines, and ultimately creating opportunities. Those are the basics strikers need to have to make it at the top level - the best will have mastered those simple fundamentals - as well as a host of others - but from a technical standpoint, these are just a few pieces that will be of interest to a scout if a player is able to perform them consistently, effectively, and efficiently.
I'm aware I've only focused on several aspects of just one position, but I wanted to emphasize just how important mastering and improving the fundamentals of the sport is. Everyone dreams of being able to ping a ball the way Steven Gerrard used to for Liverpool, but if you watched him throughout the course of a season, or a match, it was the consistency of all of his passing that was equally impressive. Short, firm passes into strikers or other midfielders. Passes that were angled and weighted perfectly to the appropriate foot.
If Gerrard saw an opportunity to play between the lines, that pass was going to be fired into the striker and the striker would have to be able to deal with it. Good teams won't let you just play between the lines, when you want, and more often than not, the pass is going to firm. The player playing the ball will want to ensure that his receiving teammate is capable of handling the pace of the ball as these passes can often lead to dangerous chances that result in goals. It's one thing to get the ball from A to B, but the world's best players aren't content with this and neither should they be.
Dennis Bergkamp is up there with Zidane in my favorite players list and for good reason. He was strong, intelligent, creative, and a technical genius. He scored some incredible goals for Arsenal and the Netherlands, but he set up so many as well using fundamentally basic parts of the game that he had mastered. Many of his assists and passes in the video above are perfect examples of his incredible ability to time, weight, and angle a pass - more often than not with defenders trying to kick him into row Z.
I don't want to delve too much into game intelligence just yet as I think there's quite a bit that can be discussed on the topic, but the technical and tactical side go hand in hand often. Seeing a young midfielder or center back play the ball in front of a fullback or winger because there is ample space in front of him/her to explore is refreshing. While some players may think just getting the ball to the fullback or winger is enough because that is that the best choice, the best players will lead the player and do so in such a way that his/her teammate doesn't have to worry about anything except what they are going to do with the ball next.
Young players looking to further improve themselves can and should focus on improving the very basic fundamentals of the game. Controlling a ball with time, controlling a ball under pressure, keeping the ball on the ground when passing if it makes sense to do so, playing to the appropriate foot of the intended target, weighting passes appropriately, ensuring the angle of the pass makes sense for the situation, and more.
Again, these are simply my observations and my observations alone. I was fortunate enough to be at Arsenal during the amazing Invincibles season and had the chance to train and play with some of my favorite players ever. Though injury put me out of the game at 22, I learned how to appreciate its intricacies in a different way as scout and again was fortunate enough to have some of the best teachers the world has ever seen.
Copyright Daniel Karbassiyoon© 2015


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Peter Pan (Buena Vista, R-1969). One Sheet (27" X 41"). Animation.
Starring the voices of Bobby Driscoll, Kathryn Beaumont, Hans Conried, Bill Thompson, Heather Angel, Paul Collins, and Tommy Luske. Directed by Clyde Geronimi, Hamilton Luske, and Wilfred Jackson. A Walt Disney production. Unrestored poster that displays signs of use. May include light edge or fold wear, slight fold separations, very minor paper loss, pinholes, or small tears. Please see full-color, enlargeable image below for more details. Folded, Fine/Very Fine.


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JCC Parks & Recreation continues to work diligently to preserve one of the nation's earliest Free Black Settlements in America, which include three historically accurate recreated cabins that are located in a meadow and are furnished with items authentic to the period (1803-1850).
Trails are closed to bikes during inclement weather to prevent trail degradation. Riders are encouraged to call 259-4022 to check trails status.
Members of the Williamsburg Botanical Garden , in a formal partnership with the County, used their volunteer energy and resources to create, plant, and maintain a garden at the site. The "Ellipse Garden" features more than 800 species of native Virginia vegetation.
The Freedom Park Interpretive Center features exhibits of artifacts recovered during the construction of the park as well as an interactive kiosk that provides visitors a visual tour of the park, its amenities, wildlife and history. The Center includes a meeting room with capacity for 50, an indoor wood-burning fireplace , an outdoor fireplace area and outdoor access to bathroom facilities when the Interpretive Center is closed. WI-FI connectivity is available.
Monday- Friday, 10 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Sunday, 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Meeting Room use includes use of the kitchen and outdoor fireplace area. Set up may begin up to 30 minutes before the Center opens; break down after an event can be completed up to 30 minutes after closing, if needed. Staffing fees are determined by the Facility Administrator, dependent on size of event. To rent space at this facility, complete the Facility Request Form below.
The final of three recreated cabins was completed in 2008 in Freedom Park. On this original tract is a purposefully established community whose inhabitants consisted of Free Blacks. Here, visitors can see three types of dwellings that they occupied between 1804 and 1860. In 1802 William Ludwell Lee bequeathed his slaves their freedom and specified that comfortable homes were to be built for them on the "Hot Waters," a subsidiary farm of the nearby Green Springs Plantation. Lee died in 1803 and soon after his executor began building houses for the former slaves. This interpretation draws upon historical and archaeological research to convey a sense of what life was like for these men, women and children. It also takes into account the rigors of everyday life and economic hardships that James City County's Free Blacks experienced nearly 60 years before President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
By 1805, William Ludwell Lee's executor had begun constructing cabins for Lee's former slaves, who were allowed to live on the "Hot Waters" for ten years, rent- free. One housing type made use of log and timber construction and a wooden chimney. This very modest dwelling was typical housing for slaves, Free Blacks, and poor whites. Such cabins might last only 20 years before falling into despair, leaving behind very little archaeological evidence. This house represents a household occupied by John Jackson, a former Lee slave, his wife Nancy, and two children. John Jackson eventually was able to purchase and develop his own property and his descendants still live in the area.
This small house with its only 288 square feet of living space has a brick chimney, windows that contain glass and stairs leading to an overhead loft— improvements suggesting permanency. It is the type of house that would have been occupied by Anthony Brown, a former Lee slave who spent much of his adult life on the Hot Water tract. Brown was a farmer. He shared a home with his wife Rachel, a washwoman and their several children. The disposable income Anthony earned enabled him to purchase a horse or mule to help with his farming operations. Pictured above is a view of the home with its chicken coop (left) and livestock pen that would have enabled him to maximize his agricultural productivity.
An artisan or worker with marketable skills would have occupied this more comfortable home. This one-room house, which reflects economic success, has refinements such as wooden floors, plastered walls, and an attic. It is covered with clapboards and has a shingled roof and brick chimney. Juba Lightfoot, a bricklayer and plasterer, though not one of Williams Ludwell Lee's ex-slaves, spent much of his adult life on the Hot Water property. He and his wife Betsy, a laundress, shared their home with several children.