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Here they go again, working the Sup Ct refs on Obamacare II
To be bullied again would do the real harm to the Supreme Court.
Posted by William A. Jacobson Thursday, February 5, 2015 at 10:39am 36 Comments
In the months leading up to the first Supreme Court Obamacare decision, there was a concerted media and Democratic effort to portray the legitimacy of the Court, and particularly the legacy of Chief Justice John Roberts, as dependent on the outcome.
The argument went that holding Obamacare's mandate to be unconstitutional would be such a huge interference in the political process that the Court would lose its supposed role as neutral referee and become a political player. Because as we all know, that has never happened before (/sarc), see, Roe v. Wade, etc.
This pressure reportedly caused Roberts to change his vote, and to join with the for liberal members of the Court in finding the mandate justified under Congress' taxing power.
Now the media pressure is mounting on Obamacare II, the subsidy case the Court accepted this term. The issue is whether the statutory language of Obamacare permits subsidies (the only way Obamacare policies are affordable for most) on the federal exchange set up when most states refused.
This issue of statutory interpretation is not exceptional legally, except that the political stakes are so high. If the statute is read not to permit the subsidies, Obamacare likely crumbles of its own weight.
Enter Linda Greenhouse, Supreme Court and judicial reporter for The NY Times, with scare mongering about the legitimacy of the Court, The Supreme Court at Stake: Overturning Obamacare Would Change the Nature of the Supreme Court:
In the first Affordable Care Act case three years ago, the Supreme Court had to decide whether Congress had the power, under the Commerce Clause or some other source of authority, to require individuals to buy health insurance. It was a question that went directly to the structure of American government and the allocation of power within the federal system.
The court very nearly got the answer wrong with an exceedingly narrow reading of Congress's commerce power. As everyone remembers, Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., himself a member of the anti-Commerce Clause five, saved the day by declaring that the penalty for not complying with the individual mandate was actually a tax, properly imposed under Congress's tax power….
But the new Affordable Care Act case, King v. Burwell, to be argued four weeks from now, is different, a case of statutory, not constitutional, interpretation. The court has permitted itself to be recruited into the front lines of a partisan war. Not only the Affordable Care Act but the court itself is in peril as a result.
Oh please. This is pure hyperventilation. The statute says what it says. Democrats drafted it, but now apparently claim it was all a drafting error or the words don't mean what they say.
Except the words say subsidies only are for state exchanges.
Just like the architect of the law, Jonathan Gruber, said:
If it were any other case but one involving Obamacare, no one would care from a legal perspective.
Bryan recently addressed this issue, SCOTUS "institutional legitimacy" not at stake in King v. Burwell.
Greenhouse gives away the game later in her column:
… A defeat for the government — for the public at large, in my opinion — seemed all but inevitable.
While I'm still plenty disturbed by the court's action, I'm disturbed as well by the defeatism that pervades the progressive community…
What is at stake is the legitimacy of the progressive vision, forced on an unwilling population through a piece of legislation which says what it says.
UPDATE: Like clockwork, Steve Benen joins the chorus (h/t Joshua McCloud Twitter), When the integrity of the Supreme Court is on the line:
All that matters, according to the plaintiffs' argument, is imposing health care chaos. If that means trashing American jurisprudence, then that's exactly what the justices must do.
With this in mind, the ruling in King v. Burwell will have sweeping consequences in the lives of tens millions of people, but it's not just health security at stake. The integrity of the Supreme Court itself is on the line.
[Note: The Title of this post was changed substituting the word "working" for "gaming," which seems to make more sense in context.]
36 36 Comments NY Times, Obamacare, US Supreme Court
NY Times, Obamacare, US Supreme Court
ConradCA | February 5, 2015 at 10:47 am
How can anyone argue that the law doesn't mean what is says? It's like claiming a speed limit of 55 mph is really 45 because what the lawmakers meant.
MarkS in reply to ConradCA. | February 5, 2015 at 11:12 am
In the Alice in Wonderland world Liberals live in the law is whatever is convenient at the moment
Anonamom | February 5, 2015 at 10:50 am
A quibble:
"This pressure reportedly caused Roberts to change his vote, and to join with the four liberal members of the Court in finding the mandate justified under Congress' taxing power."
I disagree. Roberts changed his vote because he is an unprincipled [email protected]!!.
MarkS in reply to Anonamom. | February 5, 2015 at 11:13 am
Roberts was cowed by God knows what and IMO he will, again, do as told.
Arby in reply to MarkS. | February 5, 2015 at 11:59 am
When you have the NSA to do your bidding, you are going to find dirt on everyone, including Supreme Court Justices…
MattMusson in reply to Anonamom. | February 5, 2015 at 1:37 pm
I think you can make a real legal case for the Federal Government having taxing power. But – Roberts could have been setting up the question of the Origination Clause.
pjm | February 5, 2015 at 10:58 am
Sorry, this one goes nowhere. They're arguing a typo – 'state' vs 'State', and they are not going to throw Billions around on that.
Dancing on the head of a pin, does 'the state' mean 'one of the 50' or should it be read as 'The State', meaning larger 'The Country (and all its parts)' ?
Come on . After all the lies and deceits that got the ACA passed to being with, this trivia will not bring it down.
The day it was enacted, the plan was always 'single payer' (even if not right away) and NHS. That is built into the structure of it, even though hidden for 10 years yet to go. And it is coming.
Radegunda in reply to pjm. | February 5, 2015 at 1:23 pm
They could try, and the other side could point to passages where "the State" clearly means one of the fifty, e.g. where the law refers to a person who "resides in the State that established the Exchange"; and they could point to the use of different terms for the federal government.
I doubt that even the lefty Supremes would rest their case on such a patently false interpretation of "the State" in this context. And why would they need to? Roberts has already set the pattern of saying "Although the law says ABC, I think it's reasonable to interpret ABC to mean XYZ." (And I don't think Roberts invented this kind of argument, though I'm not a legal scholar.)
Subotai Bahadur in reply to pjm. | February 5, 2015 at 3:15 pm
In point of fact, the definitions section of the bill defines "state" only as being one of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The section creating the Exchanges specifically defines them as Exchanges set up under one numbered section of the statute. The Federal Exchanges were set up under another supposed authority. Drafting errors and typo's do not repeat themselves all over a bill comprised of thousands of pages.
What I would love to see is notice taken of the failure to put a severability clause in the bill. If they are following the law, declaring one part of the bill to be illegal or unconstitutional should kill the entire bill. But we can't have that. Following the law does not count if it frustrates a Leftist aim. That comes from the hidden "connected persons clause" of the Constitution.
In point of fact, y'all have nothing to worry about. Whatever extortive pressure that was brought upon John Roberts still exists and can and will be exerted again. When there is no rule of law, the regime can depending on winning on paper. Their problem comes when the people decide that the law no longer restrains them. At which point, a whole lot of dance cards suddenly fill up.
gettimothy in reply to Subotai Bahadur. | February 5, 2015 at 5:47 pm
I am one of those people; I am not alone; our numbers are growing. We will not be ruled by such as these.
DaveGinOly in reply to Subotai Bahadur. | February 5, 2015 at 9:16 pm
You are correct. Federal statutes, when they use the words "state, "states," and "United States," always define those terms. For instance, the Internal Revenue Code (Title 26) has several definitions for each, they variously pertain to particular chapters, sections, and subsections. The terms sometimes refer only to the fifty union-member states, sometimes to the union-member states and the District of Columbia, sometimes include the territories (aka "federal states"), and sometimes don't include the 50 union-member states! One can never presume what those terms mean in federal law, you must look up the definitions that apply to particular uses of the terms.
DINORightMarie | February 5, 2015 at 11:12 am
To Chief Justice Roberts –
Remember that old saying, "Fooled me once shame on you. Fooled me twice, shame on me"?
Will you be a fool and fall for that MSM big lie, again?
We all await your (and the Court's) decision; your legacy, your good reputation, is badly tarnished (I say gone), but could be recover somewhat, redeem yourself by making the RIGHT decision this time.
What will you do? Are you truly so shallow? Or does this thug admin. have a hold on you, somehow……?
Our nation turns its lonely eyes to you.
MarkS in reply to DINORightMarie. | February 5, 2015 at 11:17 am
It's not a question of Robert's foolishness but his ability to, apparently, to be blackmailed. It has been suggested that indiscretions regarding the adoption of his children was the leverage used in Obamacare 1 and likely to hold the Chief Justice in line this go around.
Ragspierre | February 5, 2015 at 11:36 am
Excellent summation of the issue and the dynamics here, Prof.
Oh, and Linda Greenhouse is the Queen of Hacks, as I've been saying for years.
http://hindenblog1.blogspot.com/2010/04/burn-linda-greenhouse-is-dope.html
Owego in reply to Ragspierre. | February 5, 2015 at 12:23 pm
The Prof.'s summation is very good; wish I had as much confidence in the Court's ability to see through this.
Legislating and declaring the legality of all these many wonders cannot wish away the ultimate consequences: the quality and quantity of medical care will decline for almost everyone (guess who the exceptions will be) as the cost escalates and less and less of it goes into providing care. Government, the great destroyer.
Here's a Linda Greenhouse chuckle; years back, someone, (whom I am unable to credit) once referred to Linda Greenhouse's utterances in the NYT as 'Greenhouse gas."
gasper | February 5, 2015 at 11:49 am
"What is at stake is the legitimacy of the progressive vision, forced on an unwilling population through a piece of legislation which says what it says." I love this statement – it says it all.
n.n | February 5, 2015 at 12:12 pm
They'll probably uphold Obamacare. There was a time when liberal enclaves were especially vulnerable to withdrawal of national redistribution/revenue schemes; but, with the strategic (e.g. material incentives) distribution of legal and illegal immigrants, that risk has been diversified. Today, both liberal and conservatives areas are vulnerable to consequences of an entitled, desperate, and unidentified population.
NC Mountain Girl | February 5, 2015 at 12:32 pm
As the Chief Justice noted, elections have consequences. The Congress is not longer in the sames hands and the chance of any schemes that would reduce the power of the Court being enacted are nil. Also, Obamacare was supposed to become more popular as time passed. It has not become so. Indeed, there are many Democrrat politicians who would now be relieved if it could just be made to go away.
Radegunda in reply to NC Mountain Girl. | February 5, 2015 at 12:56 pm
If they wanted it to go away, they would join the legislative efforts to make it go away. What they want to go away is the negative political fallout; that's all.
Valerie | February 5, 2015 at 12:50 pm
It is a fundamental principle of legal interpretation that Congress knows how to draft legislation. Errors can occur, of course, but ability to re-write legislation belongs to Congress, not the courts. Obviously, there are close cases clustered around these points, so it will be interesting to see how the Court handles this.
Linda Greenhouse should be embarrassed.
Ragspierre in reply to Valerie. | February 5, 2015 at 1:30 pm
1. Courts have to interpret statutes every day. That's why there is a body of law defining how they MAY do that.
2. When a court interprets a law in such a way as to torture the intent of the legislature, that NEVER deprives the legislature from revisiting its drafting and TAKING the matter BACK from the courts.
Henry Hawkins | February 5, 2015 at 12:50 pm
Theory: Chief Justice Roberts caved to pressure on the earlier decision based on fear for his own reputation and legacy and the good standing of the Court in the peoples' eyes, said pressure being the bully pulpit of the press. Instead, he comes off that as the leading Benedict Arnold so far in the 21st century and lost far more credibility and respect than he would have had he stuck with his original position, thereby changing the decision.
So… Roberts takes this case up to fix what he screwed up earlier. It is possible he now regrets caving and wants to fix that and rehabilitate his damaged reputation with half the people.
Sort of like when a referee blows a call and provides a make-up call when the opportunity comes.
pjm in reply to Henry Hawkins. | February 5, 2015 at 4:25 pm
No way. The fine print is not big enough to kill this monster.
Insufficiently Sensitive | February 5, 2015 at 12:55 pm
The 'law says what it says' crowd are ignoring the parts of it casually shredded by the Obama administration since the day it was enacted. To wit, the 'waivers' from its terms granted to political allies, and the blatant Executive-branch postponements of the dates written into the law for its 'mandate' provisions. The latter, of course, to evade the certain public outrage which would have resulted.
The ACA – always coming to bite you AFTER the next election.
So – someone explain to me why the 'says what it says' principle will be upheld by SCOTUS, after the precedents this administration has already established for 'it says whatever we say this week'.
Radegunda in reply to Insufficiently Sensitive. | February 5, 2015 at 12:59 pm
"The ACA – always coming to bite you AFTER the next election." And those of us already bitten are electorally disposable.
Ragspierre | February 5, 2015 at 1:34 pm
I've chosen to take the issue in my own hands.
I don't care what the law says, or how it is interpreted by anybody.
I will not comply. You each can join me.
Henry Hawkins in reply to Ragspierre. | February 5, 2015 at 2:45 pm
Already there, pitchfork in paw.
Subotai Bahadur in reply to Henry Hawkins. | February 5, 2015 at 3:19 pm
Absolute agreement in principle, but I prefer ranged fire weapons.
gettimothy in reply to Ragspierre. | February 5, 2015 at 5:48 pm
I am with you as are many more.
darleenclick | February 5, 2015 at 3:38 pm
Why is anyone surprised that Leftists can, with a straight face, posit that words mean exactly what they want them to mean – not what they say as intended by the people who write them …
THEY HAVE BEEN DOING THIS FOR YEARS AND NON-LEFTISTS HAVE ENABLED THEM.
All of the right-wing handwringing and brickbats tossed against Rush Limbaugh over "hope he fails"; the running to hide under the bed for any misspoken word or phrase, or even when the phrase is interpreted exactly the opposite of the speaker's intent
"Oh my, perception is reality" You cried and exiled the offender.
"Moderate" Republicans let the Left control the playing field and NOW they want to complain that the language and intent is clear?
I want to slap your collective face.
Doug Wright Old Grouchy | February 5, 2015 at 4:07 pm
Actually, Greenhouse has a point, but not regarding SCOTUS per se; it's whether we are a nation of laws or of man.
Were that part of the ACA law not to rule, given the facts in question, then what does rule? Would it be Obama's whims, Bush 41's (or Bush 43's) desires, or POTUS 45's opinions about what is proper and required? To rule in favor of the administration means that laws only mean what the person on top dictates, law as writen would mean nothing. That result would in fact set our nation on fire, some top dogs would be benign, some would not; God help US then.
In fact, Greenhouse would be correct in that a ruling against the meaning of the words in that ACA law, would mean SCOTUS has no value, it's a charade, a barrier screening the man behind the curtain!
We fought Mother Great Britain because of the rule of Man. Was it all for naught, and a waste of good men for what, to become subjects, not to remain citizens? I will never be a subject to any such person!
Physics Geek | February 5, 2015 at 5:15 pm
There is no doubt what the words mean, but let's assume for argument's sake that it's a typographical error, such as accidentally dating something 3015 instead of 2015. This happens pretty much all the time. These errors found, documented and corrected. How? By amending the law and voting on its passage again. And that is what the left and the Democrats (but I repeat myself) emphatically do not want to happen. If Obamacare were to come up for another round of votes, there's no way that it could possibly pass again, at least not in its current form. It would be amended to death and Obama's signature, uh, "achievement" would be exposed as the disaster that it is.
Now that's what SHOULD happen. However, whatever pressure was brought to bear on Roberts last time is most assuredly being brought again this time. And after "it's a tax" upholds the law as it's supporters want it to be interpreted, we are well and truly in a post-law society. "The law means this, whatever the words may actually say." For the record, I do not believe that that will end well.
DaveGinOly in reply to Physics Geek. | February 5, 2015 at 9:22 pm
It's my understanding that when the National Firearms Act was first drafted, it included handguns/pistols, as well as short-barreled rifles (SBRs), and short-barreled shotguns. However, Congress determined to take these references out of the law, and sent the text back to committee. The committee removed handguns from the NFA, but erred when it failed to remove SBRs and SB shotguns from the text.
So if SCOTUS says the ACA means what (revisionist history says) Congress intended, will the NRA, GOA, and 2nd Amendment Foundation file a suit to prevent the BATFE from enforcing the NFA with respect to SBRs and SB shotguns, which Congress never had the intent to regulate, even though (or because) it mistakenly passed a statute that regulates them?
Gremlin1974 | February 5, 2015 at 9:39 pm
This is one of the best ways you can tell when liberals know they should lose a SCOTUS case. They start with the legitimacy of the court. The legitimacy of the court is derived from the constitution not from a bunch of liberal morons.
DaveGinOly | February 5, 2015 at 9:41 pm
By declaring the ACA penalty a tax (as it now seems certain he was correct), Justice Roberts handed us the ACA on a plate.
Administration through Title 26 (the Internal Revenue Code) means that the ACA penalty/tax is an excise tax. Excise taxes are indirect taxes, so-called because they are not laid directly upon tangible things, but rather they are laid indirectly upon profits generated by taxable activities, occupations, and events, with these being the actual subjects of the tax. For instance, taxes on the manufacture of alcoholic beverages are not laid upon the product, but upon the activity of making the product, and the amount of tax for which the manufacturer is made liable is determined by the profit (gross income minus costs and other deductions) generated by the activity.
(For proof that Title 26 imposes excise taxes see Brushaber vs. Union Pacific RR, Stanton vs. Baltic Mining Co., and Eisner vs. Macomber. Many references in Civil War histories inform us that Congress hasn't imposed a direct tax since the Civil War. If taxes are not direct, they must be indirect. And no, the 16th Amendment did not abolish the distinction. Even if it did, that would be irrelevant to this argument. When a citizen's decision to not buy health insurance is taxed, there is no material "thing" being taxed – the tax can't possibly be a direct tax, it MUST be an indirect/excise tax on an intangible event-the citizen's decision.)
So, is the ACA penalty/tax an excise tax? There is no tangible thing being taxed, so it can't be a direct tax; it must be an indirect/excise tax. Next question – what activity, occupation, or event is being taxed? Answer – the decision (an event) to not purchase an ACA-approved health care plan. Why does this make the tax vulnerable? Because it's highly questionable if making a purchasing decision is a taxable event. If Congress could levy a tax on a consumer-citizen's purchasing choices of any one product, it could force (by taxing) choices in other products and services. The amount of mayhem that Congress could cause with such authority in any manufacturing or service industry is obvious. Not only is the power beyond the authority of Congress because of its potential for damage and abuse, the authority of citizens to decide for themselves what products to purchase and which to not purchase is a property right – both a right to determine for themselves what property or service to acquire by purchase and a right to control one's own money (a form of property) as one sees fit. SCOTUS says that the exercise of a right is not a privilege upon which the state may impose a tax and that "he owes nothing to the public who does not trespass against their rights."
The taxing powers of Congress are not plenary. Excise taxes (including the ACA penalty/tax) may only be imposed upon revenue taxable activities, occupations, and events. They may not be imposed upon the exercise of individual rights. Neither the right to refuse to spend one's money (property) for a particular product or service, nor the right to make personal decisions concerning one's health care insurance are proper subjects of an excise tax; the ACA imposes an unconstitutional tax upon the exercise of the rights to control of one's property, to make purchasing decisions, and to control one's own health/medical care.
Mick | February 7, 2015 at 6:53 am
If those that sign up could be allowed a federal subsidy when a state does not set up an exchange, then there would be no reason for a state to set up an exchange. Quite simple really. The reason that states had to set up exchanges is precisely because of the Commerce clause. "Healthcare insurance" is well held to be regulated by the states. The only way it becomes "Interstate Commerce" is if the individual states set up exchanges with Federal subsidies available (expanding medicaid in those states), and therefore to be "Interstate commerce" regulated by the Federal government. Roberts original "tax" decision was actually shrewd, since he also implied that the individual states acceptance of the medicaid expansion (setting up their own exchanges)would either doom, or allow the ACA to go forward. In doing so he avoided the vilification of the left, and let the words of the ACA doom itself (he gave it the rope to hang itself). The problem is that it has been allowed to fester, and lancing this boil is going to be messy.


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Defekacja – medyczne określenie usuwania kału. Czynność określa się również wypróżnieniem.

U człowieka defekacja jest skomplikowanym procesem fizjologicznym, w którym współuczestniczą łuki odruchowe. U niemowląt defekacja jest procesem bezwiednym, nad którym z czasem przejmują kontrolę wyższe ośrodki mózgowe, co umożliwia świadome oddawanie stolca.

Bańka odbytnicy działa jako tymczasowy zbiornik gromadzący masy kałowe. Na skutek rozciągania jej ścian, dochodzi do podrażnienia receptorów czuciowych, co osobnik odczuwa jako parcie na stolec. Parcie na stolec może wywierać ciśnienie do 5 daPa. W momencie przystąpienia do defekacji, następuje rozluźnienie zwieracza wewnętrznego odbytu, następnie zwieracza zewnętrznego odbytu, kanał odbytu staje się drożny, a fala perystaltyczna wypycha masy kałowe na zewnątrz. W akcie parcia bierze dodatkowo udział tzw. tłocznia brzuszna. Zamknięta zostaje szpara głośni, a napięte mięśnie brzucha powodują wzrost ciśnienia w obrębie jamy brzusznej.

U osób z tętniakami aorty, malformacjami naczyniowymi w obrębie naczyń mózgowych, nadmierne, wymuszone parcie, może niekiedy doprowadzić do ich pęknięcia, co stanowi bezpośrednie zagrożenie życia. Osoby z niewydolnością krążenia, ze względu na zwiększone zapotrzebowanie tlenowe podczas wysiłku i możliwość destabilizacji choroby, również powinny unikać stosowania czynnego parcia. U osób laryngektomowanych, u których z przyczyn nowotworowych usunięto krtań, utrudnione parcie wynika z osłabienia czynności tłoczni brzusznej, na skutek braku możliwości zatrzymania powietrza w płucach. We wszystkich ww. przypadkach zalecane jest stosowanie łagodnych środków przeczyszczających oraz regulacja perystaltyki dietą zawierającą odpowiednią ilość błonnika.

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Zobacz też

 wydalanie

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How can you best recruit from within? At Quest Apartment Hotels 30 per cent of the current network is home grown and 11 people from within the organisation have been recruited as franchisees in the past two years. Here Otti Faska, director – franchise establishment, shares some insights on the internal recruitment process.
Q: Is there a specific strategy and program to bring existing team members in to franchise ownership?
A: Quest has recruited franchisees from within the organisation over the past 30 years, very openly and in a supportive fashion. Up until recently however, this was quite an organic process. In 2017, Quest introduced a formal program and process – The Franchisee Accelerator Program (FAP).
The Franchisee Accelerator Program (FAP) was developed specifically to educate aspiring team members about what it takes to own a Quest franchise business.
Q: How do you identify potential franchisees?
A: We are open to looking at candidates across all areas of our business and rely on our staff to identify high-performing team members that they believe possess the qualities to be a successful Quest franchisee. We also encourage people to nominate themselves if it is a career they are passionate about.
The qualities that we look for in a potential franchisee include a strong work ethic, an appetite to own and operate their own business and an openness to embrace a joint venture partnership.
Q: What are the key steps you take to transition them?
A: The transition process is rigorous and extremely thorough. There are two stages: the FAP as well as an intensive seven stage Quest franchise selection process which ensures all potential franchisees understand what they are getting into with comprehensive interviews, finance and social media checks, on the job evaluation and preparation of business plans and budgets.
Both these processes aid the filtering of those who are not ready for the next step or for the commitment required, transitioning from employee to business owner.
Q: Have any of these processes gone wrong and if so, how did you handle them?
A: There is no specific case to note where something has gone wrong but over time it was identified that introducing a formal process which allowed for thorough review and mentoring was required.
Q: What have you learned about recruiting from within?
A: No shortcuts are to be taken and the process is there to safeguard both potential franchisees and the Quest business.
Every individual must be treated equally throughout the process ensuring there is clear understanding of the requirements in becoming a franchisee and an opportunity for both parties to identify potential learning gaps.
How transparent is your supply chain?


Attaching dates or tags to the conversation.
Storing a reference to a background image URL for the conversation.
//Assign the metadata to the conversation.
Applications can fetch metadata for a given conversation by accessing the public metadata property on Conversation objects.
Metadata is implemented with "last writer wins" semantics on a per key basis. This means that multiple mutations by independent users to a given key will result in a single stored value. No locking or other coordination is performed across participants.
Metadata is automatically synchronized by each participant in the conversation. While Layer has gone to great lengths to implement metadata in a way that maximizes efficiency on the wire, it is important that the amount of data stored in metadata is kept to a minimum to ensure the quickest synchronization possible.
Metadata values must be represented as strings. To ensure a satisfying user experience developers are strongly discouraged from storing any sort of binary data representation (including thumbnail images) via metadata. Instead, consider storing a URL or other reference to data that is transmitted out of band from synchronization.
Metadata is limited to the storage of a maximum of 2KB of data under each key. Keys must be alphanumeric and may include hyphens and underscores, but cannot contain spaces. If your metadata key contains space you may run into issues if you try to query them. Nested structures may be used to facilitate efficient namespacing of content.
There is not currently any limit enforced on the number of keys stored into the metadata structure. Because mutations are performed on a per key basis, it is advantageous to structure your data in such a way that smaller amounts of data are stored under a larger number of keys. Note that we may introduce a key limit in future versions.
Mutable Conversation metadata should only be used to store information associated with the Conversation itself – not individual messages. As the number of metadata keys grow synchronization will take longer to complete. Because Conversations can be very long lived, performance can be severely impacted if dynamically computed keys (such as those built from message identifiers) are utilized.


text:
name: "Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York" drawing type: "Working/Construction Drawing" location: "Roxbury, Boston, MA USA"
Campus High School
Roxbury, Boston, MA USA
SK Drawing Set: Architectural Details, Buildings 1-4
Buildings 2 and 3 - Construction Set: Architectural
Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) G., S. (Draftsman) V., K. (Draftsman) G., J. (Draftsman) Z., H., A. (Draftsman) C., T., T. (Draftsman) D., T. (Draftsman) M., N. (Draftsman) G., B. (Draftsman)
Building 6 - Construction Set: Architectural
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) E., G., T. (Draftsman)
Buidling 4 - Construction Set: Architectural
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) Lee, F. (Draftsman) V., F, (Draftsman) K., J. (Draftsman) S., G. (Draftsman) G., B. (Draftsman) D., T. (Draftsman) C., T., T. (Draftsman) G., J. (Draftsman) W., F. (Draftsman) A., R. (Draftsman) W., A. (Draftsman) L., F., A. (Draftsman) L., F. (Draftsman)
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) J., O. (Draftsman) C., T., T. (Draftsman) V., N. (Draftsman) Z., H., A. (Draftsman) V., K. (Draftsman) B., M. (Draftsman)
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) E., G., T. (Draftsman) V., K. (Draftsman) G., S. (Draftsman)
Construction Set: Building Plans and Lab Layouts
S., S. (Draftsman) J. R. Loring and Associates (Engineer) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect)
Construction Set: Athletic Buildings and Fields
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) W., A. (Draftsman) D., C. (Draftsman)
Construction Set: Furniture
Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) W., A. (Draftsman) V., K. (Draftsman) C., T., T. (Draftsman) Z., H., A. (Draftsman) G., S. (Draftsman) G., J. (Draftsman) V., F, (Draftsman) E., G., T. (Draftsman) Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect)
Construction Set: Site Plans, Building Location and Excavation
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) C., T., C. (Draftsman) E., G., T. (Draftsman) D., T. (Draftsman)
Pile Cap Revisions and Corrective Measures (No. CM-2 and CM-2A))
M., H. (Draftsman) Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect)
Construction Set: Boring Plans
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) A., W. (Draftsman)
Construction Set: Door and Finish Schedules
Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) B., M. (Draftsman) V., K. (Draftsman) G., J. (Draftsman) D., T. (Draftsman)
Construction Set: Site Utilities
Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) J., M. (Draftsman)
Building 4 - Boys and Girls Gymnasiums and Building 3 - Auditorium - Elevation of Joists Supporting Retractable Partitions
Building 4, Boys Gymnasium - Plan of Joist Supporting Retractalbe Partitions
Section Thru Swimming Pool Grandstand
Construction Set: Commissary and Kitchen
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) Tarulli, B. (Draftsman)
Site Electrical Plan and Garage Electrical Plan (No. ELS-1)
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer) J., V. (Draftsman)
Situation Plan (No. SP-1)
Marcel Breuer and Associates, 635 Madison Ave. New York (Architect) Farkas, Barron and Partners (Engineer) Joseph R. Loring and Assoc., Inc. (Engineer)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It seems that among Christians and non-Christians there is much confusion about hell. What is it? When is it? Where is it? Why is there a hell at all? And what does the reality of hell say about God and his grace? These challenging questions are addressed in the powerful video embedded below that bears the provocative title, Hallelujah in Hell. It's from the folks at Downside Up. What are your thoughts? Let us know using the "comments" feature below.
Next time we'll return to our series looking at Ray Anderson's book on practical theology.
Beautiful! A way better cross diagram than the quasi-good-news "bridge over the chasm separating sinful man from holy God!"
Jesus, our worship leader, picked the perfect song at the cross to ecourage those present back then and us reading today that what Jesus really brings is deliverance from hell and death. Ps22:26 "The poor (afflicted) shall eat and be satisfied;..." Eat the bread of heaven, communion, which Jesus gives. John 6:51: "...and the bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh."
So many thoughts and praises are provoked by this wonderfully rich post. Thanks for sharing it.
God's light and fire swallowing up death and the grave also reminds me of Athanasius affirming in On the Incarnation that Jesus was not "defiled by being in the body. Rather, He sanctified the body by being in it."
Good theology inspires praise and singing. Praying blessing on you and singing Hallelujahs with you to Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. -- Philip D.


Leopard is the print to be spotted in right now. If its your first foray into animal print, dont fret. This shirt has been finished in simple brown, neutral and black hues so its an easier way to work into the trend. And if youre a leopard veteran, its a chic sophisticated piece that keeps things understated. Its v-neck finish and 3/4 sleeves are flattering too so this shirt really does have everything going for it.


text:
Who is under the sheet? Viola Davis talks about the 'How to Get Away with Murder' big reveal
Jennifer Matarese interviews Viola Davis.
NEW YORK -- Who is under the sheet? We will find out TONIGHT on "How to Get Away with Murder" on ABC!
Viola Davis who stars as "Annalise Keating" spoke about the big winter finale and the twists and turns that await the show's faithful fans.
Davis said that the writers wouldn't even tell them until just a few episodes ago who was under the sheet, and that news was difficult to take because that means one of them is out of a job.
But will that big reveal lead to more twists and turns?
"It's always a lot more mysteries coming up, always being solved but always being created," Davis said.
She said that she personally loves the depth of her character now and thinks that it makes sense with the plot line she has been dealt.
The show has never shied away from sexy scenes, but she said her character has way too much going on in her personal life to take on a new love interest at this point. But it seems like she may miss her scenes with "Nate."
"With Billy Brown when he takes his shirt off, I'm all, 'ok, alright,' and he likes it!" Davis said.
Davis couldn't speculate on the level of devastation fans will feel when they discover which character has died, but urged everyone to "Watch it live!"
The big winter finale reveal happens tonight at 10 p.m. EST on ABC!
ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT HOW TO GET AWAY WITH MURDER VIOLA DAVIS ABC


text:
Library Covid 19
Pre-medicine Bridge
Doctor Of Medicine (M.D.)
KU Affairs
My Campus
Ektashif Initiative an Eye-Opener to Masdar Institute's Program Offerings, Say Participants
10 UAE National Undergraduate Engineering and Science Students Complete 12-day Residential Program
Abu Dhabi-UAE: 28 July, 2012 – Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, an independent, research-driven graduate-level university focused on advanced energy and sustainable technologies, today announced its Ektashif outreach initiative proved to be a true 'eye-opener' to the participating students on its overall program and research offerings.
A total of 10 UAE national undergraduate engineering and science students completed their course as the first-ever Ektashif program concluded successfully recently. The 12-day residential program offered students a perfect platform to understand and operate within the cutting-edge laboratory environment at Masdar Institute.
Participants included four from the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), and two from the University of Sharjah. In addition to one student each from HCT Abu Dhabi Men's College and the American University of Sharjah in the UAE, students also came from international institutions including Ohio State University and Texas A&M.
The ambit of the lessons during the Ektashif program covered presentations on laser technologies, biomass, and clean energy such as solar. Some of the advanced areas the students familiarized themselves with include data mining, sustainable energy policy, environmental bioprocess modelling (EnvBioProM) laboratory, algae, the phenomenon of super-plasticity, digital electronics, optical and electron microscopy, power electronics, and waste energy. In addition to a visit to the 10MW PV farm within the campus, they toured other industrial sites including smelter complex at Emirates Aluminum Company (EMAL), Al Taweelah Power & Desalination Complex and Emirates Hydroponics Farms.
Dr Fred Moavenzadeh, President, Masdar Institute, commended the students for their dedication in further enriching themselves academically through the program during the concluding ceremony. Hamza Kazim, Vice-President, Operations and Finance, Dr Kenneth Volk, Head of Outreach, the entire Outreach team, and other officials, as well as faculty, post-docs, and Masdar Institute students who helped the program attended the event. Certificates were later presented to the participants by Dr. Moavenzadeh.
Dr. Moavenzadeh said: "Through such programs, Masdar Institute provides additional opportunities for the UAE national youth to explore, experience, and get educated in clean energy and advanced technologies, in line with the UAE leadership's vision. The Ektashif program, which means 'explore', is a simple and comprehensive introduction to the Master's programs that Masdar Institute offers, and we hope the Ektashif program adequately stirred the interests of the participants in our research and academic offerings. We foresee some of the students choosing Masdar Institute for higher studies in future."
The Ektashif itinerary included organized tours to industrial facilities, lectures, engineering design challenges, informational sessions about Masdar Institute programs, as well as team-building and recreational activities.
Dr. Ken Volk said: "A key success factor for this program is Masdar Institute's faculty and students, who dedicated their time and effort to present valuable knowledge on engineering and science to participating students. The first-ever Ektashif program turned out to be a success, bearing testimony to Masdar Institute's commitment to offer a window of opportunity to students aspiring to join the research-based institution. We are confident the program has increased awareness among the students on the cutting-edge facilities at Masdar Institute."
Participants affirmed the 12-day program helped them learn additional skills and gain exposure to the high-tech labs at Masdar Institute. They feel encouraged to explore the options for joining the research-based institution.
Abdulla Al Kathiri, one of the participants, said, "Masdar Institute is a visionary project and I think it will impact the UAE and the world in a positive way. I did not know that we have such high-tech labs in the UAE. I am seriously considering Masdar Institute for my graduate studies."
Sultan Al Obaidli, another participant, said, "The Ektashif experience surpassed my expectations. I learnt about many initiatives and research projects in Masdar Institute and how important will its role be in providing clean energy in the future. For me, the Ektashif program is a positive motivation to join Masdar Institute."
Established as an on-going collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Masdar Institute integrates theory and practice to incubate a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship, working to develop the critical thinkers and leaders of tomorrow. With its world-class faculty and top-tier students, the Institute is committed to finding solutions to the challenges of clean energy and climate change through education and research.
Ektashif	Outreach
Khalifa University Honors 26 Graduates of 2021 YFEL Program and Kicks off 2022 YFEL with 55 New Future Energy Leaders
BASF Honors 10 Winners of Khalifa University's YFEL Case Study Competition on 'AI for Sustainable Farming' Organized by EBTIC
SCAD Concludes 1st Training Course of Young Fellows of Statistics
UAE high school pupils to learn about oil on ADNOC-sponsored course
100 High School Students Undergoing 'Estedad' National Ambassadors Program Training at Khalifa University in July
Office of Marketing and Communications communications@ku.ac.ae
Copyright 2022- Khalifa University | All Rights Reserved


text:
Wild 'N Out Is Back: Get A First Look At Brand-New Episodes
Home ENTERTAINMENT Wild 'N Out Is Back: Get A First Look At Brand-New Episodes
'Wild 'N Out' is returning on April 6 – get the details.
Godzilla Vs. Kong Director Is Developing A Massive Reboot In Addition To Face/Off 2
As he explained, he was riding on a high after finishing work on Godzilla vs. Kong (a movie he...
Armie Hammer Has Dropped Out Of His Final Project Following Controversy
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'So Happy': Nany And Kaycee Reflect On Their Spies, Lies And Allies Romance
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Nany and Kaycee reflected on their special relationship during 'The Challenge: Spies, Lies and Allies' reunion.
Sony's Metal Gear Solid Movie May Have Found It's Solid Snake, And The Choice Is A+
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Bop Shop: Songs From Rostam, Saweetie, Brooke Eden, And More
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Head In The Clouds Filled An Entire Stadium With Asian Joy
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Pilfering can occur when a box is slit open, contents are removed, and then the box is resealed with clear packing tape.
A "color-change" feature which reveals the word OPEN when the carton is resealed with clear packing tape.
Like conventional security labels, these seals have a tamper evident construction; if the pilfer-guard is removed, it will leave the message "OPENED" in the seal and on the carton.
Also, each seal has a unique serial number for added security, which can be recorded on the packing list or bill of lading.
However, these seals are unique in their added features to detect pilfering.
Security tape and seals are often used to detect tampering while a shipping carton is in transit or storage. Pilferage can occur after the carton sealing tape is slit on a carton seam, then re-sealed with clear packing tape. To the un-trained eye, this technique can be difficult to detect prior to signing the bill of lading to accept the goods.
A color change feature which reveals the word OPEN when the carton is cut and resealed with clear packing tape.
The pilfer-guard seals have a special chemical coating, which is activated by direct contact with adhesive in carton sealing tape. If clear tape is placed over the "pilfer-guard" to re-seal the carton, the hidden word "OPEN" appears about 2 hours later. The 2-hour delay is typically enough time to activate the hidden security feature before the package is delivered or accepted. When the carton is presented with the word "OPEN" prominently showing, the recipient can inspect the contents immediately to confirm if a theft claim is needed, prior to accepting the shipment.
The pilfer-guard seals also have diagonal lines to indicate pilfering. After slitting, opening, and resealing the carton, the diagonal lines are very difficult to re-align and/or there will be a small gap in the label which will separate the diagonal lines.
Instructions: Apply the labels to each carton seam which is vulnerable to slitting and pilfering.
For added security, you can add custom text or a logo to any of our stock super seals. There is no minimum order quantity.
We can make any custom product -- custom colors, size, hidden tamper evident message, color-changing message, etc.
Allow two weeks from proof approval.


Windham Softball Festival Cancelled .
(A) 04/02/19 4:00 PM vs Pembroke Academy .
@ Barnstead Elementary Cancelled .
(A) 04/08/19 4:00 PM vs Coe-Brown Northwood Academy Postponed .
(A) 04/13/19 1:00 PM vs Coe-Brown Northwood Academy 15 - 2 .
(H) 04/15/19 4:30 PM vs Oyster River HS Softball Field Postponed .
(H) 04/17/19 4:00 PM vs Kennett HS Softball Field 0 - 19 .
(H) 04/18/19 4:30 PM vs Oyster River HS Softball Field 1 - 16 .
(A) 04/19/19 4:15 PM vs John Stark Regional HS 14 - 2 .
(A) 04/24/19 4:00 PM vs Souhegan HS .
(A) 04/29/19 4:00 PM vs Plymouth Regional HS .
(A) 05/01/19 4:15 PM vs Manchester West HS .
(H) 05/03/19 4:00 PM vs Pelham HS Softball Field .
(A) 05/06/19 4:00 PM vs Pembroke Academy .
(H) 05/08/19 4:00 PM vs Plymouth Regional HS Softball Field .
(H) 05/10/19 4:00 PM vs Milford HS Softball Field .
(A) 05/13/19 4:00 PM vs Kennett HS .
(H) 05/15/19 4:00 PM vs Merrimack Valley HS Softball Field .
(H) 05/17/19 4:00 PM vs Sanborn Regional Schools Softball Field .
(A) 05/24/19 4:00 PM vs Saint Thomas Aquinas High .


FA CUP games bring plenty of drama, but two rival teams are now going to have to re-live the drama of their clash after it emerged that the pitch was too small.
Cambridge City hosted Cambridge United in the first-round FA Cup tie and won the clash 2-1, but a complaint from the visitors about the pitch size has been upheld by the FA Women's Football Board.
City were all set to play Oxford United in the second round, but instead they will travel to their cross-city rivals for a re-match, which will pass the home advantage over to Cambridge United.
United stand by their complaint and claim they followed the correct course of action by raising concerns about the pitch size prior to kick off.
The match went ahead after they highlighted their issues, but United state the 'protest would have been made regardless of the result or opposition'.
As FA Cup clashes go, it was a dramatic fixture which saw United take an early lead through Jade Bell, but City came back in the dying seconds thanks to Bella Simmons.
It was Laura Mills who got an extra time goal to make the scoreline 2-1, but the result counts for nothing as they have to face each other again next weekend.
Trinity Fields was independently measured after the FA Cup match and was found to be too short and too narrow.
Pitches in the women's FA Cup must be a minimum of 64 metres wide and 100 metres in length.
United's statement highlights that City's pitch fell short of these requirements.
The team, who play a league higher than their rivals, said: "We welcome the fair and just decision by the FA Women's Football Board to award a replay.
"The FA Women's Football Board have considered the evidence and statements from both clubs and also the referee on the day.
"They have confirmed that correct protocol was followed prior to the match by us.
"The match officials and the home club were alerted to our concerns regarding the size of the pitch well in advance of kick off, unfortunately these concerns were not acted on.
"Cambridge City's home pitch did not confirm to the minimum pitch requirements as stipulated in Competition Rule 13 (b)i.
"This rule stipulates minimum length is 100 metres and minimum width is 64 metres.
"The pitch measured 94 metres long and 58.7metres wide.
"We are disappointed that it has come to this, had our concerns been acted on prior to the game this whole situation could have been avoided."
City also commented on the unusual turn of events, they said: "The Club is obviously disappointed and surprised with the decision."
Several fans took to Twitter to claim that a replay was unfair on City who had won the original match, as neither team were at an advantage, others questioned why a neutral ground hadn't been chosen for the re-match.
It's not the only time that women's football has made headlines for the wrong reasons this week.
England captain Steph Houghton was forced to play 'rock, paper, scissors' before a match, when the referee forgot a coin for the toss.


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Die Wallfahrtskirche Maria Gern ist eine römisch-katholische Wallfahrtskirche im Markt Berchtesgaden in Oberbayern. Sie gehört zur Berchtesgadener Pfarrei St. Andreas in der Erzdiözese München und Freising.

Lage und Beschreibung

Die Kirche befindet sich am Eingang zu dem in einem Hochtal nördlich des Ortskerns von Berchtesgaden gelegenen Ortsteil Vordergern der ehemaligen Gemeinde und heutigen Gemarkung Maria Gern. Sie steht auf einem kleinen Hügel, dem Reitbichl, am südwestlichen Fuße der Kneifelspitze mit Blick auf den Untersberg im Norden und das Watzmannmassiv im Süden.

Auf den Kirchenhügel führt eine breite Freitreppe in vier Absätzen. Die Kirche ist nahezu nordsüdlich ausgerichtet. Der zweigeschossige Turm im Süden mit doppelt gestuftem Kuppelhelm und die Sakristei im Norden sind äußerlich durch niedrigere Übergangsteile vom Hauptbau, der ein nach unten etwas abgeflachtes Zeltdach trägt, abgesetzt. Der gesamte Bau bis auf die Turmspitze ist mit Holzschindeln gedeckt. Rosarot getönte Pilaster, Ecklisenen und Fensterumrahmungen auf weißem Untergrund gliedern den Baukörper.

Gebäude und Geschichte

Erste Kapellen von 1600 und 1669
Bereits um 1600 sind im Zuge der Gegenreformation die ersten Wallfahrten nach Maria Gern beschrieben, allerdings zu einer kleineren Kapelle weiter talwärts mit einem anderen Gnadenbild.

Nachdem der in Itter als fürstlich salzburgischer Unterwaldmeister beschäftigte Wolfgang Hueber aus Gern ein neues Gnadenbild geschnitzt und 1666 in seinen Heimatort gebracht hatte, wurde dafür um 1669 auf dem Grund und Boden der heutigen Kirche eine kleine Kapelle als Rundbau errichtet. Die Kapelle vermochte den zunehmenden Andrang von Wallfahrern bald nicht mehr zu fassen.

Erste Kirche von 1680
Um 1680 wurde an Stelle der Kapelle eine kleine Kirche mit Langhaus, Turm und Sakristei gebaut.

Mit der Marienstatue von Wolfgang Hueber, der man wundertätige Wirkung zuschrieb, nahm die Marienwallfahrt aus dem Berchtesgadener Land, aber auch aus dem Österreichischen in einem solchen Umfang zu, dass 1691 eine Herberge für Wallfahrer und ein Kramerladen mit Kerzen, Lebzelten u. ä. im Angebot in Kirchennähe eingerichtet wurde und alsbald an den Bau einer größeren Kirche gedacht werden musste.

Kirchenneubau (1708–1724)

Auf Betreiben des Stiftskapitulars Heinrich Maximilian Freiherr von Piesser wurde von 1708 bis 1710 ein Neubau errichtet. Dabei waren vor allem Berchtesgadener Handwerker tätig. Der Name des Architekten ist nicht bekannt. Kirche, Turm und Sakristei wurden zunächst mit Notdächern versehen. Am 2. Januar 1710 feierte man in der neuen Kirche die erste heilige Messe. 1724 wurden das feste Zeltdach und der Turm in seiner jetzigen Form fertiggestellt, und am 21. November war die Weihe der Kirche durch den Augsburger Weihbischof Johann Jakob Maximilian von Mayer. Nach und nach wurde auch die Inneneinrichtung der Kirche ergänzt und zuletzt 1777 mit dem Anbringen des schmiedeeisernen Trenngitters in ihrer heutigen Form vollendet.

Forderung nach Umwidmung der Kirche (1732)
Während der Gegenreformation 1732 forderten die heftig bedrängten Protestanten der Fürstpropstei Berchtesgadens freie Religionsausübung, die Umwidmung der Kirche Maria Gern und die Anstellung eines Geistlichen ihres Glaubens. Das wurde von der Fürstpropstei abgelehnt, was wiederum eine offene Forderung nach freier Ausreise bedingte.
→ Siehe zu diesem Absatz auch den Abschnitt: Gegenreformation, Vertreibungen und Emigration im Artikel Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden.

Renovierungen der Kirche ab 1874
Innen wurde die Kirche in den Jahren 1874, 1924, 1945, 1968/69, 1978 und 1983 renoviert.

Ausstattung
Der Grundriss des Innenraums ist eine Ellipse, der sich im Norden der Altarraum und im Süden eine Vorhalle anschließen, die durch ein 1777 vom Hofschlosser Johann Prandtner gefertigtes schmiedeeisernes Gitter getrennt ist. Über der Vorhalle befindet sich die Empore mit einer geschwungenen Balustrade. In der Mitte der Grundrissellipse nehmen Ausbuchtungen die Seitenaltäre auf. Der Innenraum wird überspannt von einem flachen Muldengewölbe, das mehrfach gegliedert ist. Die Kanzel und die Beichtstühle stammen aus den Jahren 1719/20.

Altäre

Den Hochaltar aus Nussbaumholz und seine Figuren fertigten 1715 drei Berchtesgadener Handwerker. Das darin eingesetzte Gnadenbild, für das bereits 1669 eine erste Kapelle an gleicher Stelle errichtet worden war, schnitzte Wolfgang Hueber aus Gern. Die beiden Seitenaltäre entstanden 1737 und 1739.

Im Zentrum des Hochaltars, der von zwei geraden und zwei gewundenen Säulen begrenzt wird, tragen Engel das Gnadenbild mit Maria und dem Kind. Je nach Zeit im Kirchenjahr wird das Gnadenbild mit verschiedenen barocken Prunkgewänder bekleidet, von denen es 24 gibt. An den Seiten des Altars stehen die  Eltern Mariens, Anna und Joachim. Im aufgesetzten Auszug des Altars besiegt der Erzengel Michael den Drachen mit dem Flammenschwert, begleitet von zwei weiteren Engeln. Bemerkenswert: Der Drache hat ein Frauenbein.

Die Seitenaltäre, links der Kreuzaltar und rechts der Josephsaltar enthalten neben den jeweiligen Hauptbildern noch jeweils vier Medaillonbilder.

Votivbilder
An den Wänden des Altarraums sind zahlreiche Votivbilder aus der Zeit von 1628 bis ins 20. Jahrhundert angebracht. Da sie oft auch das Wallfahrtsziel zeigen, erlauben sie eine Vorstellung über die ersten Kirchenbauten in Maria Gern. Zudem enthalten sie immer wieder das Glaubenszeugnis einer dem Gnadenbild zugeschriebenen wundertätigen Wirkung.

Über den Votivbildern hängen zwei Kopien von Marienbildern, wobei das rechte eine Kopie des Gnadenbildes Mariahilf von Lucas Cranach dem Älteren aus dem Innsbrucker Dom ist.

Stuckierte Decke mit Fresken
Die gesamte Kirchendecke wurde von Joseph Schmidt aus Salzburg stuckiert, unterbrochen von über 20 Fresken von Christoph Lehrl aus dem Kloster Höglwörth, die in einem ausführlichen Zyklus das Marienleben darstellen. In den Stuck sind über 50 Putten eingearbeitet.

Orgel
Nach einem bescheidenen Orgelpositiv von 1728 folgte 1765/66 eine neue Orgel. Die Orgel ist ein Instrument des bürgerlichen Orgelbauers Johann Jacob Haas aus Mondsee.

Glocken
Im Turm hängen drei Glocken. Das älteste Exemplar stammt aus dem 14. Jahrhundert aus Leonhard (jetzt zu Grödig). Die beiden größeren Glocken wurden 1951 bei der Gießerei Czudnochowsky in Erding gegossen. Die Glocken erklingen in den Tönen a1, h1, cis2.

Literatur
Walter Brugger: Maria Gern Wallfahrtskirche. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2002, ISBN 978-3-7954-5177-6.

Weblinks

Pfarrei St. Andreas Berchtesgaden
Maria Gern im Salzburg-Wiki
Maria Gern bei BerchtesgadenInfo

Einzelnachweise

Baudenkmal in Berchtesgaden
Berchtesgaden Gern
Kirchengebäude in Berchtesgaden
Berchtesgaden
Berchtesgaden
Kirchengebäude in Europa


Do you know about Salman Khan's favourite song, food and what else he likes?
The Indian veteran actor Salman Khan, who is also out of love known as Bhai, is also the Star-maker of Bollywood after he has launched many newbie actors and gave many of them a break. He entered the film industry very young and has been popular from his early days. He is one of the most popular actors of India loved across the world. Here are Salman Khan's favourite song, food and what else he likes.
There is no doubt that he is a foodie. So let's know about his favourite food first. His favorite food includes simple Indian food like yellow dal and chawal, Roti and other home-cooked food. He is also fond of Italian food. (It is also said that when at home, he likes to mix all the left-over food and then eat it.) He dotes on the biryani made by his mother and doesn't like to waste food. He tries to avoid sugar and processed foods.
His favorite beverage is Ice-tea.
His favourite restaurant is Cafe Noorani at Haji Ali (Mumbai). He likes to eat chicken biryani there.
His favorite Bollywood actress is Hema Malini.
His favorite Bollywood actors are Dilip Kumar and Govinda, whereas in Hollywood he likes Sylvester Stallone.
His favorite film is Casablanca.
One of his favorite songs is Tu Hi Tu from his film Kick, out of the many songs that he likes.
His favorite singers are Sunidhi Chauhan and Sonu Nigam.
His favorite Indian cricketers are Harbhajan Singh, Yuvraj Singh and Ashish Nehra.
His favorite outfit is a white T-shirt and Jeans.
His favorite fragrance is Obsession by Calvin Klein.
His favorite brands are Gianni Versace and Giorgio Armani.
His favorite cars are Toyota Land Cruiser, Mercedes-Benz and BMW.
Here are some other facts related to Salman Khan.
He was once rated by People Magazine, USA, 7th in the list of "the Best looking man in the world".
The Turquoise stone bracelet that he wears and considers lucky was given to him by his father.
His wax statue was erected in the Madame Tussaud's Museum in England in the year 2012.
Though he has been involved in many philanthropic activities; one of his major initiatives is the "Being human Foundation". The profits earned under the brand name 'Being Human', his paintings and other compositions are all used to fund health care and education for the children and the needy.
He also likes to paint, sing and write. Many of his paintings are sold and are found being used in some of his movies like he painted the 'Jai Ho' film poster himself. The script of the films like 'Veer' and 'Bhaghi: A rebel for love' are based on his writings.
He has supported many newcomers in the Bollywood who later on went to achieve great successes, be it stars or composers, et al.
For more details on Salman Khan's favourite song, food and more and related updates, like and subscribe to tentaran.com.


These volunteer opportunities are provided by Volunteer Livingston, a program of the Livingston County United Way. See a complete list of volunteer opportunities for the county at http://www.volunteerlivingston.com.
Volunteer once a month for stewardship activities at the Brighton Recreation Area, Island Lake Recreation Area or the Pinckney Recreation Area. You will be working with Steward Laurel Malvitz-Draper in helping to restore native fens, tallgrass prairies, lakeplain prairies, and oak savannas on state park lands and recreation areas. For more information, contact Malvitz-Draper at 517-719-2285 or visit http://www.volunteerlivingston.com.
Don't mind doing yard work? Help is needed in the gardens outside the Livingston County United Way office with weeding and trimming shrubs. For more information, contact Tracy Dudansky at 810-494-3000 or visit http://www.volunteerlivingston.com.
Administrative duties in various Oakland Livingston Human Service Agency departments are available. Computer savvy people are needed to interact with the public. For more information, call Ganiah Hinton at 517-546-8500, ext. 4105, or visit http://www.volunteerlivingston.com.
Recycle Livingston in Howell needs volunteers Saturdays to help with unloading cars, sorting and cleaning up. Volunteers can work from 9-11:15 a.m. or 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Volunteers can stay the whole time or flex their hours. Volunteers are needed who can commit to a monthly, bi-monthly or weekly schedule. Volunteers must be able to stand, lift 20 pounds, follow sorting instructions and not be on sedating medications. Call Linda Berch at 517-548-4439 for further information.
Help is needed from 5-8 p.m. Saturdays through Aug. 23 at Bowl-E-Drome in Howell for adults with developmental disabilities who gather for friendly competition to bowl, socialize, eat and have fun. Some of the weeks will have special themes. For more information, call Kristen Alonzi at 810-229-6661, ext. 106, or visit http://www.volunteerlivingston.com.
Mentors ages 16 and up can make a difference in a child's life through Big Brothers Big Sisters. The organization's mission is to provide children facing adversity with strong and enduring, professionally supported one-to-one relationships that change their lives for the better. For more information, call Shari Davis-Schoech at 517-546-1140 or visit http://www.volunteerlivingston.com.
Special Ministries of Livingston County is looking for volunteers with an interest and/or experience in grant writing to assist in increasing fund development. The agency is underfunded and in more need due to economic downturn. Special Ministries provides quality educational and recreational programs to support people living with disabilities. For more information on the oportunity, call Kristen Alonzi at 810-229-6661, ext. 107; or visit http://www.volunteerlivingston.com.
Special Ministries organizes many events throughout the year, and each event relies heavily on the aid of volunteers. Whether it be through providing transportation, helping in classes, prep work and cleanup or even just cheering the participants on at sporting events. For more information, call Kristen Alonzi at 810-229-6661, ext. 107; or visit http://www.volunteerlivingston.com.
Livingston County Catholic Charities is looking for interested volunteers to help transport older adults to appointments, run errands, offer a friendly visit, provide respite care for family members and work at the Be Our Guest Adult Day program. Call Linda Bauby or Suzi Snyder at 517-545-5944, ext. 121, for more information.
Volunteers are needed to offer art crafts during the Brighton Fine Art Festival on Aug. 1-3. Volunteers can create a craft appropriate for kids. For more information, call Sarah Grusin at 810-355-1127.
Meals on Wheels needs drivers to deliver meals for area routes. For programs that require a volunteer to be in a client's home, a criminal-background check will be run. Call Carol Zastrow at 810-632-2155 for more information.
The Putnam Township Senior Center is starting off the year by building some new programming — and help is needed. General office or maintenance work, assistance with paperwork and computer or facilities is welcome. Teachers are sought for classes like crafts, cooking, or workshops on computers, phones or cameras. Organizing help for parties and events, supplies, and crafts is needed. Call Bev Smith at 734-878-1810 for more information.
Volunteers at Second Chance Support Network help change lives. Each week, volunteers meet with men or women who are coming out of jail or prison to discuss basic life skills, goal setting and time management, and to discuss things essential for a positive and balanced life. All meetings are in public locations and have structured goals. A caring heart, listening ear and ability to be a nonjudgmental friend are the best traits the mentors have. Training is provided. Call Jennifer Bigelow at 810-522-8174 for more details.
Help promote Livingston County's fastest-growing student craze: swing dancing to popular music. Posters and fliers are ready to go out all over the county. If marketing and publicity are your talents, your help can be used. Volunteers need to be familiar with the mission and standards of the dance hosts, practice courtesy in distributing promotional material and get proper permission before posting any material. Call Jamie Nicholson at 248-210-9409.
Heartland Hospice needs help in the Brighton area with patients and families. It is simply holding a hand, offering a gentle touch, listening to a life story or sharing a soothing song. An experienced team member assists in training. The opportunity is open to anyone 18 or older. Each volunteer must complete orientation, which will assist in the transition to the volunteer role. Volunteers can expect the support of the entire hospice team in affecting positive interactions with patients and caregivers. Contact Michelle Grysko at 888-973-1145 for more information.
Would you enjoy helping with substance-abuse-prevention outreach and special events? Things like manning booths at community fairs, giving brief presentations, and providing support for marketing and public relations work? The Livingston County Community Alliance is looking for a community outreach volunteer. Call Kaitlin Fink at 517-545-5944 or visit http://livingstoncountycommunityalliance.org for more information.
The St. George Food Pantry is in need of help two Thursdays each month from 3:30-6 p.m. Volunteers are needed to help unload the food-delivery truck and help stock shelves. Every Friday, volunteers are needed to help unload fresh food, stock shelves and prepare for Saturday morning. Volunteers should have no lifting restrictions. Most boxes are light, but the pantry gets some boxes that are heavy. Contact Yvonne Cavalli at 810-588-3529 for more details.
Volunteers are needed to serve on the Livingston County Community Alliance Big Red Barrel Committee. The Big Red Barrels are the county's only permanent prescription-drug-collection units and accept unused and unwanted prescription medication. Livingston County has a higher rate of prescription-drug abuse than the state of Michigan, and the units help decrease the potential of prescription-drug misuse. Volunteers must have a passion for drug prevention and have a basic understanding of prescription-drug abuse. Training will be provided on current trends of prescription-drug misuse, abuse and other topics related to the Big Red Barrel program and the Livingston County Community Alliance. Volunteers must be able to lift 25-plus pounds and are required to attend monthly LCCA meetings and Big Red Barrel subcommittee meetings. Call Kaitlin Fink at 517-545-5944.
The Connection Youth Services youth advisory board is a collection of young adults who meet once a week to create community service projects, fundraisers and opportunities for teens. Call 810-599-0782 for further details.
The Sanctuary at Woodland holds many different types of daily activities, including religious and spiritual activities as well as games, crafts, outside activities, and community-based activities such as going out to eat or going to see a movie. Opportunities for volunteers include running activities, assisting at events and parties, and evening and weekend activities with senior residents. Call 810-844-7491 for details.
Volunteers are needed to assist with LACASA's reception desk during business hours. Shifts are four hours, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 1-5 p.m. Volunteer responsibilities include answering the business line, transferring phone calls, welcoming clients as they arrive and general clerical duties such as filing, copying and occasional data entry. Volunteers interested in the position would receive training and job shadowing. Call Nicole Matthews-Creech at 517-548-1350, ext. 246, for details.
The Howell Conference and Nature Center in Marion Township is looking for volunteers to feed the animals and birds that are permanent residents in its outdoor Wild Wonders Wildlife Park. The residents are mostly Michigan animals, and include foxes, coyotes, deer, porcupines, opossums, woodchucks, beavers, bobcats, and an assortment of hawks and owls. The post requires a commitment to work outdoors one day per week for three hours to four hours. Call Janet Adamski, volunteer coordinator, at 517-546-0977.
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources is looking for volunteers for stewardship activities at state recreation areas. Volunteers will work with Steward Laurel Malvitz-Draper to restore native fens, tallgrass prairies, lakeplain prairies and oak savannas on state parklands and recreation areas. Email malvitzl@michigan.gov.
The Livingston County chapter of the American Red Cross needs volunteer instructors to teach classes in first aid and CPR. Training will be provided. A background check and references are required. Training is provided with approximately 24 hours of class time. Call Natalie McIntyre at 517-702-3342.
The Michigan Medicare/Medicaid Assistance Program is looking for volunteers to help Livingston County's 25,000 Medicare beneficiaries. MMAP counselors are trained to help answer questions on Medicare and can help research their insurance options. If you like a challenge, then this opportunity might be just what you are looking for. The time commitment is a minimum of one year and an average of 12 hours per month. Call Melodie Valvano at 248-262-9208 for further information on the post.
Volunteers are needed to assist Livingston County Department of Human Services clients in the lobby with use of computer kiosks to apply for programs online, upload documents to their case file and look at information in their case. On-site training will be provided. Contact Jeanette Freeland at 517- 548-0207 for more details.
Cleary University is looking for volunteers who would enjoy providing a welcoming and interactive learning environment for museum visitors. The docent program focuses on the presentation of the graphic works of Arthur Secunda, an internationally renowned artist who began his career in Detroit in the 1940s. Secunda has art displayed in most of the major museums, including the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The Arthur Secunda Museum at Cleary University is a unique entity because it fuses business and art. To become a docent, a short training program must be completed. Volunteers will gain an understanding of the artwork and its creator in order to serve as the bridge between the visitors and the exhibit. Call Grace Farley at 800-686-1883 for more information.
Child Connect for Family Success is looking for a volunteer to assist with lending and coordination of the resources in the on-site lending library. The volunteer will help to organize and maintain resource materials, keep a master resource list current and fulfill other clerical duties regarding the resource library. The candidate must be able to lift and move resource kits as needed. Some of the kits weigh up to 20 pounds. Volunteers should be proficient with the use of a computer. Contact Peggy Hall at 517-548-9112 for more information.
Help cheer meal recipients by decorating paper lunch bags for their meals. Either buy the paper bags, have them donated or ask families to bring some to a service event at your church or school. Use your creativity, crayons, markers, stickers or any art materials you have on hand. Call 810-632-2155 for further information.
Gallery sitters are needed for the Brighton Art Guild gallery at West Main Street in Brighton on Saturday afternoons and Thursday evenings. Responsibilities include greeting visitors as well as answering questions about the artwork and exhibits on display. Contact Sarah Grusin at 810-355-1127.
If you love prowling the aisles at home-improvement stores, enjoy fixing things or just want to help recycle building materials while supporting Habitat for Humanity's mission for adequate housing, the ReStore needs you. Sales, display, cleanup of donations, merchandising and all other jobs are volunteer efforts. Store hours are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Mondays through Fridays and from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturdays. Call 810-220-9986 for further information.
Livingston County Catholic Charities is looking for in-home respite volunteers for chronically ill seniors. Training is available. Call Linda Bauby, volunteer coordinator, at 517-545-5944 for more information.
The Connection Youth Services is looking for people willing to open their homes to homeless teens. Teens become homeless for a number of reasons, often due to situations beyond their control. Teens needing host homes are still attending school and are not yet prepared to live independently. Host homes provide safety, guidance and emotional support to these young people who have no family support or are unable to live with their families. The Connection screens all youth who are placed in host homes to ensure a good fit with the host family. Youth in the host-home program are required to attend school and/or work. They are also required to meet with their case manager and counselor weekly and to attend life-skills classes and other educational groups. Host homes are not required to have any special licensing as a foster home would. The Connection is available to assist and consult with the host home. Financial assistance is also available. Contact Vickie Smith at 517-552-3975 for more information.
Livingston County Catholic Charities is looking for volunteers to help with enrichment programs and social time at the Be Our Guest adult day service program. Training will be provided. Volunteers are expected to serve two hours to four hours at least once a month working with seniors dealing with dementia. Call 517-545-5944 for details.
To post a volunteer opportunity, send an email with details and contact information to volunteerlivingston@gmail.com.


It is one of the traits that U.S. Olympic and Paralympic athletes and hopefuls display on a daily basis and is a key to helping make these athletes the best in the world. Being tenacious was probably the single most important key to my success as a U.S. Boxing champion and member of Team USA. Not just tenacity inside the ring, but being able to think outside the box and find ways around every challenge that stood between me and my dream. It is easy to give up when things get tough, but never giving up on your goals is the element that separates the good from the truly amazing!
The difficult obstacles I had to overcome are not uncommon in the Olympic and Paralympic world. Many Team USA athletes face similar challenges, such as receiving no funding in his/her sport, overcoming possible career-ending injuries, dealing with the constant pressure to perform and balancing family and full-time training with a traditional job to pay for the substantial expenses of international competition; all while maintaining a positive attitude needed on a daily basis to get out of bed every morning and commit to giving 100% to his/her dream, These athletes have learned to develop a stronger belief in themselves than in the obstacles that stand in their way.
I have the privilege of working with Team USA athletes in the Athlete Career and Education Program that helps athletes overcome some of the obstacles surrounding career development, job placement, and transition. On the journey to the Olympic and Paralympic podium, athletes develop a "never give up" attitude that not only helps them face these tremendous challenges, but also helps these athletes excel in the workplace. As these athletes continually go outside their comfort zone and face each new challenge head on, they gain skills to add to their toolboxes that can help them overcome increasingly difficult circumstances on their way to the podium. Having unwavering belief in yourself and never giving up can lead to opportunities to learn new skills such as leadership, problem solving, goal-setting, confidence, time management and embracing constructive criticism.
As we prepare to watch the best athletes compete on the world's largest stage, we all can learn from Team USA. Believing in ourselves and striving to be fearless in the face of obstacles while having the tenacity to persevere can lead to a rich skill set that can be instrumental in paving the way to success. Let's remember the challenges that Team USA athletes and hopefuls have faced just to make it to the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, and let's all cheer for Team USA August 5-21 for the Olympic Games and September 7-21 for the Paralympic Games. Go Team USA!
Angel Bovee, a retired three-time U.S. Boxing Champion and motivational speaker is also a Specialist for the Athlete Career Program. Working numerous jobs and living in her car to make her dreams of competing on Team USA a reality, Angel understands the plight of U.S. Olympic and Paralympic athletes and hopefuls first hand. She and the ACP team have helped countless top athletes lay the foundations for successful careers.
Follow Accounting Principals on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and LinkedIn for some great insights and updates as we cheer on Team USA.


text:
Territory Stories
Documents - ; Slanderous and defamatory allegations made by Mr Stirling against Mr Cleanthous and Deo
Tabled paper 1563
Tabled Papers for 8th Assembly 1997 - 2001; Tabled Papers; ParliamentNT
Tabledby Shane Stone
Made available by the Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory under Standing Order 240. Where copyright subsists with a third party it remains with the original owner and permission may be required to reuse the material.
Tabled papers
https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/C1968A00063
Parent handle
Citation address
the grantee is generally complying with the terms and conditions of the grant in relation to financial and reporting matters. Please refer to document 13/1 to13/5( extracts from Walter Turnbull report) for further comments made by Walter Turn bull. MERGER Mr Stirling has once again misled everyone, as far as I can recall no one rejected any recommendations set out by Walter Turnbull. As Cleanthous & Deo only acted as accountants, we were told by ATSIC that a Coordinator will be appointed once the merger goes through and the appointment had nothing to do with Cleanthous & Deo. The reason I was given that the merger failed was due to not all Outstation people were informed or fully briefed of what was to take place (Refer document 14/1 to14/8). It is important for the record Cleanthous & Deo did not participate in hiring or terminating people as it was not in our terms of agreement. This role was carried out by NHRC with consultation with ATSIC. SANTOKH SINGHS APPOINTMENT It is a known fact that Mr Singh resigned from Cleanthous & Deo on 24 April 1998 (Refer document 15/1 and 15/2) and he went for his interview on 30/6/98 and was appointed on 10/8/98 (as advised by Mr Singh). As we have said from the start we did not involve ourselves in the hiring or firing of staff, in this issue this trainers position was initiated by ATSIC (refer document 16/1) and ATSIC were responsible for the interview and hiring of the trainer. PARAGRAPH 4 CONCERNS ARISING REGARDING OVEREXPENDITURE BY NHRC. The Independent Auditors in their 97/98 audit report did not mention any breaches refer document 17/1 and 17/2. and ATSIC on 1/4/98 revealed financial processes are in place and inspection of financial records shows no indication of breaches of accounting requirements. (refer document 18/1). Once again I am lost at the comments made by Mr Stirling which are all inaccurate.Once again I refer to Walter Turnbulls comments (Refer document 19/1 to 19/2), where no mention of major breaches were noted except for obtaining quotes for training (accounting and office procedures). As this training was ongoing throughout the year we did not see any reason to obtain quotes The ATSIC guidelines do indicate if a purchase of $2,000 or greater quotes are needed, in this instance as we were training them throughout the year the bill was only $1,500 per month. Based on this argument we did not ask for quotes.
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text:
Getu Hailu, Professor
Farm Production Efficiency and Competitiveness
Food Processing Sector Productivity and Competitiveness
Farm Business Risk Management
Performance Benchmarking for Ontario Dairy Farms: Shaping the Future through Understanding the Present
The dairy industry has made significant contributions to the Canadian economy. The Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (FARE), in collaboration with the School of Computer Science, is developing a performance benchmarking application for dairy farmers to input data and be given performance results compared to their peers in their geographical area. Benchmark results will help dairy farmers understand their operations' performance, and set performance goals to remain competitive and viable. The benchmarking application will have two interfaces– a website, and an application for mobile devices. Farmers will submit their farms' information into the application, and it will return benchmarking results along with data displayed in graphs, tables etc. Users can also register an account to save their benchmarking results online for later viewing. The developing and using the benchmarking model will benefit the farmers by improving their understanding of their relative performance, and assist them in finding ways to close performance gaps through improvements in size, technology adoption and capital structure. Funding for this project is, in part, provided by the Institute for the Advanced Study of Food and Agricultural Policy. The data for building the initial model will be provided by Dairy Farmers of Ontario (DFO).
https://fare.uoguelph.ca/benchmark/
Contact Getu
Getu Hailu
Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics
Room 327, J.D. MacLachlan Building
Send an email to Getu
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© 2021 University of Guelph
Copyright @ 2020 Getu Hailu


It's Thanksgiving and we're not missing a moment to properly thank you, our awesome city managers, who do so many things to make the city run – from long-term strategic planning to implementing welfare policies, to making sure that the city's infrastructure is structurally sound and up-to-date. Our city managers really listen and respond to what residents have to say. So at this time of Thanksgiving, we're taking a moment to appreciate these amazing public service officials who look after our every urban need.
It's time that everyone acknowledges what you already know. So, here's the scoop – the city's "inside story": it's actually the city manager orchestrating all the different things that make your city run.
Interestingly enough, many people aren't familiar with the term "city manager" let alone know who their city manager is. But truthfully, a city manager does a whole lot of the work around a city. City managers – who have often committed their entire lives to public service – are usually not known or appreciated enough by residents simply because they do everything behind the scenes. At ZenCity, we're privileged to work with city managers and their teams on a daily basis.
The laundry list of tasks that city managers are responsible for is long and varied. City managers oversee the city's budget, direct initiatives across departments, and handle day-to-day issues like fixing broken traffic lights. And at the same time, they are creating and implementing plans for the city's future. In short, they manage the city – just like their title suggests! Increasingly these responsibilities are more effective with the help of technology which streamlines many of these tasks and processes.
In short, this year for Thanksgiving at ZenCity, we're taking a moment to express our appreciation for our city managers. Here are just a few of the many reasons why we've learned to love them as we work hand-in-hand together.
Because…they are truly interested in what you have to say!
City managers are accessible, open, and interested – looking for innovative ways to make sure city residents continue to share their most pressing concerns while ensuring that the city's leadership hears them.
By actively seeking feedback from city residents, city managers support a proactive approach to governance that helps drive citizen engagement. One encourages the other: the more residents feel that their city responds to their needs, the more active they become.
Because…they run cities effectively and efficiently!
City managers are constantly measuring the effectiveness of city projects, and in some cases, they're even light-years ahead, collecting data that allows them to make data-driven decisions in order to spend resources wisely and ensure that the community's needs are being met.
When cities determine KPIs and measure them regularly, they can make better choices about where to invest resources. In the City of Corona, California, for example, the municipality provides an open dashboard called "Corona Open Performance." The dashboard first gives residents a quick way to access city information at the click of a button, and then presents the data in visual-friendly formats. This help residents make data-driven decisions in real time by working through challenges they are facing, while improving the effectiveness of service delivery and community engagement.
Because…they give residents what they need when they need it!
Many of today's city managers believe in the importance of continually being proactive and addressing issues that are happening in the city in real-time – i.e., not merely being reactive.
To do this successfully requires actively seeking feedback directly from residents about the quality of municipal services – and then responding by making effective changes. This means city managers must be up-to-date on the latest trends and patterns happening across the city. They make sure to know when they need to step in – whether it's for something as big as a politically charged murder, or something as small as a downed electricity pole.
We love what the City of Chicago is doing with a system called Windy Grid which informs city leaders about emergencies by accessing around 7 million data points, maps, and analytics daily from Chicago's 15 most important city departments. Department managers across the city are now identifying potential issues and coordinating responses, helping them allocate the necessary resources for dealing with problems as they arise in real-time.
Because…they have our backs when it comes to the future!
City managers frequently stay in their position much longer than mayors, who – because they are elected officials – tend to end up serving for a shorter period. So when it comes to considering the long-term future of the city, the city manager is really able to think "down the line" about what services and infrastructure projects are best for the city and its residents.
Because many city managers hold the position for a longer period of time, they understand the need for developing a long-term strategy. They know who lives in the city, and what they care about. In West Sacramento, California, for example, the city developed a program called Home Run to improve the city's overall readiness for the workforce as well as to plan for the prosperity and future of the city as a whole. The "cradle-to-career" initiative uses educational programming from early childhood all the way through college to provide opportunities - including locally based internships and financial support for literacy programs - to produce a stronger and more qualified workforce for the city.
City managers do so many things to make the city run – from big projects to day-to-day tasks, to running decade-long, multi-million dollar initiatives – all the while, of course, also handling emergencies.
So this Thanksgiving season, let's appreciate these amazing public service officials who look after our every urban need. We know at ZenCity, our work is made that much brighter by the dedication and initiative of the city managers in our midst.
Wishing you and yours – wherever you live – a very Happy Thanksgiving!


Hartford raised two rounds of General Obligation debt in the fourth quarter of calendar 2014.
A press release issued by Treasurer Adam Cloud about the pair of bond offerings stated that the City received "its lowest borrowing cost in decades" at an effective interest rate of 3.11%.
The chart below compares the City's scheduled annual debt payments (principal plus interest) before and after the debt issue. The green bars in the foreground show the debt profile as of June 30, 2014, while the purple bars in the background show the debt profile as of October 31, 2014.
The purple tops of the bars show the amount of this issue to be repaid in each fiscal year. Payments were extended by two years, and about $6.5 million in annual debt service was added to fiscal years 2017 through 2035. If the bonds were held to maturity, the City would repay $130.8 million over 20 years.


IntraMaps Roam is a free and open source app for offline tablet use, providing a field-friendly interface 'skin' on top of QGIS. On tablets we tested, panning, zooming, editing, and taking pictures were extremely smooth and fast. Our prototype tablet had enough local storage to include 4 GB for vector basemap layers plus locally hyperlinked PDF documents, and we needed another 80 GB for countywide aerial imagery.
Traditional tablet apps like ArcGIS Collector are able to work with small geographic areas offline, and happily, are constantly improving. However, if anyone desires the convenience of a 100% offline solution for data collection and general field use, Roam is worth a look.