text:
The Germans did not achieve surprise and were not able to outflank or break through into enemy rear areas during the operation.[103] Several historians assert that Operation Citadel was planned and intended to be a blitzkrieg operation.[i] Many of the German participants who wrote about the operation after the war, including Manstein, make no mention of blitzkrieg in their accounts.[j] In 2000, Niklas Zetterling and Anders Frankson characterised only the southern pincer of the German offensive as a "classical blitzkrieg attack".[104] Pier Battistelli wrote that the operational planning marked a change in German offensive thinking away from blitzkrieg and that more priority was given to brute force and fire power than to speed and manoeuvre.[105]
Voldemort coming back was always a lingering danger in the early Harry Potter books and movies, as fans waited eagerly to see the Dark Lord reborn and return to full power. It was definitely worth the wait when we were finally able to watch Voldemort return toward the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the fourth book—and movie—in the series.
By the late 1930s there was a desperate search for countries of refuge. Those who could obtain visas and qualify under stringent quotas emigrated to the United States. Many went to Palestine, where the small Jewish community was willing to receive refugees. Still others sought refuge in neighbouring European countries. Most countries, however, were unwilling to receive large numbers of refugees.
As the Red Army drew nearer in July 1944, the SS began closing down the easternmost concentration camps and evacuating the remaining prisoners westward to Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen concentration camp. Göth's personal secretary, Mietek Pemper, alerted Schindler to the Nazis' plans to close all factories not directly involved in the war effort, including Schindler's enamelware facility. Pemper suggested to Schindler that production should be switched from cookware to anti-tank grenades in an effort to save the lives of the Jewish workers. Using bribery and his powers of persuasion, Schindler convinced Göth and the officials in Berlin to allow him to move his factory and his workers to Brünnlitz (Czech: Brněnec), in the Sudetenland, thus sparing them from certain death in the gas chambers. Using names provided by Jewish Ghetto Police officer Marcel Goldberg, Pemper compiled and typed the list of 1,200 Jews—1,000 of Schindler's workers and 200 inmates from Julius Madritsch's textiles factory—who were sent to Brünnlitz in October 1944.[62][63][64][65]
After its defeat in World War I, Germany was humiliated by the Versailles Treaty, which reduced its prewar territory, drastically reduced its armed forces, demanded the recognition of its guilt for the war, and stipulated it pay reparations to the allied powers. With the German Empire destroyed, a new parliamentary government called the Weimar Republic was formed. The republic suffered from economic instability, which grew worse during the worldwide depression after the New York stock market crash in 1929. Massive inflation followed by very high unemployment heightened existing class and political differences and began to undermine the government.
Notable memoirists of the camp include Primo Levi, Elie Wiesel, and Tadeusz Borowski.[195] Levi's If This is a Man, first published in Italy in 1947 as Se questo è un uomo, became a classic of Holocaust literature, an "imperishable masterpiece".[275][h] Wiesel wrote about his imprisonment at Auschwitz in Night (1960) and other works, and became a prominent spokesman against ethnic violence; in 1986, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.[277] Camp survivor Simone Veil was later elected President of the European Parliament, serving from 1979 to 1982.[278] Two Auschwitz victims—Maximilian Kolbe, a priest who volunteered to die by starvation in place of a stranger, and Edith Stein, a Jewish convert to Catholicism—were later named saints of the Catholic Church.[279]
^ French Jews were active in the French Resistance.[328] Zionist Jews formed the Armee Juive (Jewish Army), which participated in armed resistance under a Zionist flag, smuggled Jews out of the country,[329] and participated in the liberation of Paris and other cities.[330] As many as 1.5 million Jewish soldiers fought in the Allied armies, including 500,000 in the Red Army, 550,000 in the U.S. Army, 100,000 in the Polish army, and 30,000 in the British army. About 200,000 Jewish soldiers serving in the Red Army died in the war, either in combat or after capture.[331] The Jewish Brigade, a unit of 5,000 Jewish volunteers from the British Mandate of Palestine, fought in the British Army.[332]
Victims usually arrived at the camps by freight train.[278] Almost all arrivals at the Operation Reinhard camps of Treblinka, Sobibór, and Bełżec were sent directly to the gas chambers,[279] with individuals occasionally selected to replace dead workers.[280] At Auschwitz, camp officials usually subjected individuals to selections;[281] about 25%[282] of the new arrivals were selected to work.[281] Those selected for death at all camps were told to undress and hand their valuables to camp workers.[283] They were then herded naked into the gas chambers. To prevent panic, they were told the gas chambers were showers or delousing chambers.[284] The procedure at Chełmno was slightly different. Victims there were placed in a mobile gas van and asphyxiated, while being driven to prepared burial pits in the nearby forests. There the corpses were unloaded and buried.[285]
Though the Nazis tried to keep operation of camps secret, the scale of the killing made this virtually impossible. Eyewitnesses brought reports of Nazi atrocities in Poland to the Allied governments, who were harshly criticized after the war for their failure to respond, or to publicize news of the mass slaughter. This lack of action was likely mostly due to the Allied focus on winning the war at hand, but was also a result of the general incomprehension with which news of the Holocaust was met and the denial and disbelief that such atrocities could be occurring on such a scale.
German doctors performed a variety of experiments on prisoners at Auschwitz. SS doctors tested the efficacy of X-rays as a sterilization device by administering large doses to female prisoners. Carl Clauberg injected chemicals into women's uteruses in an effort to glue them shut. Prisoners were infected with spotted fever for vaccination research and exposed to toxic substances to study the effects.[125] In one experiment Bayer, then part of IG Farben, paid RM 150 each for 150 female inmates from Auschwitz (the camp had asked for RM 200 per woman), who were transferred to a Bayer facility to test an anesthetic. A Bayer employee wrote to Rudolf Höss: "The transport of 150 women arrived in good condition. However, we were unable to obtain conclusive results because they died during the experiments. We would kindly request that you send us another group of women to the same number and at the same price." The Bayer research was led at Auschwitz by Helmuth Vetter of Bayer/IG Farben, who was also an Auschwitz physician and SS captain, and by Auschwitz physicians Friedrich Entress and Eduard Wirths.[126]
In 1997 a suitcase belonging to Schindler containing historic photographs and documents was discovered in the attic of the apartment of Ami and Heinrich Staehr in Hildesheim. Schindler had stayed with the couple for a few days shortly before his death in 1974. Staehr's son Chris took the suitcase to Stuttgart, where the documents were examined in detail in 1999 by Dr. Wolfgang Borgmann, science editor of the Stuttgarter Zeitung. Borgmann wrote a series of seven articles, which appeared in the paper from 16 to 26 October 1999 and were eventually published in book form as Schindlers Koffer: Berichte aus dem Leben eines Lebensretters ; eine Dokumentation der Stuttgarter Zeitung (Schindler's Suitcase: Report on the Life of a Rescuer). The documents and suitcase were sent to the Holocaust museum at Yad Vashem in Israel for safekeeping in December 1999.[102]
Entering conquered Soviet territories alongside the Wehrmacht (the German armed forces) were 3,000 men of the Einsatzgruppen ("Deployment Groups"), special mobile killing units. Their task was to murder Jews, Soviet commissars, and Roma in the areas conquered by the army. Alone or with the help of local police, native anti-Semitic populations, and accompanying Axis troops, the Einsatzgruppen would enter a town, round up their victims, herd them to the outskirts of the town, and shoot them. They killed Jews in family units. Just outside Kiev, Ukraine, in the ravine of Babi Yar, an Einsatzgruppe killed 33,771 Jews on September 28–29, 1941. In the Rumbula Forest outside the ghetto in Riga, Latvia, 25,000–28,000 Jews were shot on November 30 and December 8–9. Beginning in the summer of 1941, Einsatzgruppen murdered more than 70,000 Jews at Ponary, outside Vilna (now Vilnius) in Lithuania. They slaughtered 9,000 Jews, half of them children, at the Ninth Fort, adjacent to Kovno (now Kaunas), Lithuania, on October 28.
German military history had been influenced heavily by Carl von Clausewitz, Alfred von Schlieffen and von Moltke the Elder, who were proponents of maneuver, mass, and envelopment. Their concepts were employed in the successful Franco-Prussian War and attempted "knock-out blow" of the Schlieffen Plan. Following the war, these concepts were modified by the Reichswehr. Its Chief of Staff, Hans von Seeckt, moved doctrine away from what he argued was an excessive focus on encirclement towards one based on speed. Speed gives surprise, surprise allows exploitation if decisions can be reached quickly and mobility gives flexibility and speed. Von Seeckt advocated effecting breakthroughs against the enemy's centre when it was more profitable than encirclement or where encirclement was not practical. Under his command a modern update of the doctrinal system called "Bewegungskrieg" and its associated tactical system called " Auftragstaktik" was developed which resulted in the popularly known blitzkrieg effect. He additionally rejected the notion of mass which von Schlieffen and von Moltke had advocated. While reserves had comprised up to four-tenths of German forces in pre-war campaigns, von Seeckt sought the creation of a small, professional (volunteer) military backed by a defense-oriented militia. In modern warfare, he argued, such a force was more capable of offensive action, faster to ready, and less expensive to equip with more modern weapons. The Reichswehr was forced to adopt a small and professional army quite aside from any German plans, for the Treaty of Versailles limited it to 100,000 men.
Les enceintes, les barbelés, les miradors, les baraquements, les potences, les chambres à gaz et les fours crématoires de l'ancien camp de concentration et d'extermination d'Auschwitz-Birkenau, le plus vaste du IIIe Reich, attestent les conditions dans lesquelles fonctionnait le génocide hitlérien. Selon des recherches historiques, 1,1 à 1,5 million de personnes – dont de très nombreux Juifs – furent systématiquement affamées, torturées et assassinées dans ce camp, symbole de la cruauté de l'homme pour l'homme au XXe siècle.
In this year, 1929, I became convinced that tanks working on their own or in conjunction with infantry could never achieve decisive importance. My historical studies, the exercises carried out in England and our own experience with mock-ups had persuaded me that the tanks would never be able to produce their full effect until the other weapons on whose support they must inevitably rely were brought up to their standard of speed and of cross-country performance. In such formation of all arms, the tanks must play primary role, the other weapons being subordinated to the requirements of the armour. It would be wrong to include tanks in infantry divisions; what was needed were armoured divisions which would include all the supporting arms needed to allow the tanks to fight with full effect.[53]
In March 1941, Himmler visited Auschwitz and commanded its enlargement to hold 30,000 prisoners. The location of the camp, practically in the center of German-occupied Europe, and its convenient transportation connections and proximity to rail lines was the main thinking behind the Nazi plan to enlarge Auschwitz and begin deporting people here from all over Europe.
Blitzkrieg sought decisive actions at all times. To this end, the theory of a schwerpunkt (focal point) developed; it was the point of maximum effort. Panzer and Luftwaffe forces were used only at this point of maximum effort whenever possible. By local success at the schwerpunkt, a small force achieved a breakthrough and gained advantages by fighting in the enemy's rear. It is summarized by Guderian as "Nicht kleckern, klotzen!" ("Don't tickle, smash!")
"I suddenly see Steinlauf, my friend aged almost fifty, with nude chest, scrub his neck and shoulders with little success (he has no soap) [He] sees me and asks me severely why I do not wash. Why should I wash? Would I be better off than I am? Would I please someone more? Would I live a day longer?…. Does Steinlauf not know that after half an hour with the coal sacks every difference between him and me will have disappeared?….
Birkenau was created in 1941 as a satellite of the Auschwitz camp. The village of Brzezinka was evacuated for this purpose, and a handful of farm buildings were woven into the structure of the camp. This was even the case with the main gas chambers, which were located at the northern end of the site, where the railway tracks meet their end. Transits of prisoners were brought here from across Europe, and it was here that the 'Final Solution' was conducted at its most relentless level.
The education system in America does a very good job regarding the issue of WW2. I think the problem with some American student is that there is still a very deep rooted assumption that this kind of thing could never happen on our soil. Even with the civil war and slave history in this country, people fail to look for similarites in experience. The more people focus on the difference between us and them, the less likely one is to truly undertand HOW such history CAN happen.
Such a stalemate is not unique to armed conflict. Businesses can find themselves in similar situations when the status quo is preserved through a lack of innovation that seems to plague all competitors. It's very hard to spot this situation in the consumer tech industry, but it happens a lot in heavily regulated industries like healthcare and education. If we were to teleport people from just ten years ago to the present day, they would hardly recognize all the tech companies and applications that dominate the news headlines (Snapchat, Instagram, Android or Tesla, either didn't exist or were in their infancies ten years ago), whereas they would feel right at home in a school or a hospital. Let's go back to the Germans ….
"BLITZKRIEG" or lightning war is not a German term for just any kind of quickly waged and violent war. It is a name for a special kind of quickly waged and violent war which has a technique of its own. The ideas which lie back of this technique began taking shape in Germany in the period after the failure of either the Allies or the Germans to break through on the Western Front during 1915 and 1916, and they matured after the outbreak of the civil war in Spain.
In the Lviv pogroms in occupied Poland in July 1941, some 6,000 Polish Jews were murdered in the streets, on top of 3,000 arrests and mass shootings by Einsatzgruppe C.[231][m] During the Jedwabne pogrom, on 10 July 1941, a group of 40 Polish men killed several hundred Jews; around 300 were burned alive in a barn. The attack is thought to have been organized by the German Security Police (Sicherheitsdienst).[233] A long debate about who was responsible for the Jedwabne murders was triggered in 2001 by the publication of Jan T. Gross's book Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland.[234] The response to the book was described as "the most prolonged and far-reaching of any discussion of the Jewish issue in Poland since the Second World War".[235]
Auschwitz inmates began working at the plant, known as Buna Werke and IG Auschwitz, in April 1941, and demolishing houses in Monowitz to make way for it. By May, because of a shortage of trucks, several hundred of them were rising at 3 am to walk there twice a day from Auschwitz I.[53] Anticipating that a long line of exhausted inmates walking through the town of Oświęcim might harm German-Polish relations, the inmates were told to shave daily, make sure they were clean, and sing as they walked. From late July they were taken there by train on freight wagons.[54] Because of the difficulty of moving them, including during the winter, IG Farben decided to build a camp at the plant. The first inmates moved there on 30 October 1942.[55] Known as KL Auschwitz III-Aussenlager (Auschwitz III-subcamps), and later as Monowitz concentration camp,[56] it was the first concentration camp to be financed and built by private industry.[57]
Schindler Ahead LogBook is the digital document repository to ease the handling of building equipment documents. Having one central place to compile technical and legal documents or user guides ends the need for exhaustive searches and paper copies. Everything is digital, easy to navigate and accessible from any device. The web-based system also allows file sharing with residents and partners. Paperless and stress less.
November 4, 1943 - Quote from Nazi newspaper, Der Stürmer, published by Julius Streicher - "It is actually true that the Jews have, so to speak, disappeared from Europe and that the Jewish 'Reservoir of the East' from which the Jewish pestilence has for centuries beset the peoples of Europe has ceased to exist. But the Führer of the German people at the beginning of the war prophesied what has now come to pass."
Use of armored forces was crucial for both sides on the Eastern Front. Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, involved a number of breakthroughs and encirclements by motorized forces. Its stated goal was "to destroy the Russian forces deployed in the West and to prevent their escape into the wide-open spaces of Russia." This was generally achieved by four panzer armies which encircled surprised and disorganized Soviet forces, followed by marching infantry which completed the encirclement and defeated the trapped forces. The first year of the Eastern Front offensive can generally be considered to have had the last successful major blitzkrieg operations.
Corum continues: General Walther Wever compiled a doctrine known as The Conduct of the Aerial War. This document, which the Luftwaffe adopted, rejected Giulio Douhet's theory of terror bombing. Terror bombing was deemed to be "counter-productive", increasing rather than destroying the enemy's will to resist. Such bombing campaigns were regarded as diversion from the Luftwaffe's main operations; destruction of the enemy armed forces. The bombings of Guernica, Rotterdam and Warsaw were tactical missions in support of military operations and were not intended as strategic terror attacks.[139]
The Roma refer to the genocide of the Romani people as the Pořajmos.[414] Because they are traditionally a private people with a culture based on oral history, less is known about their experience than that of any other group.[415] Bauer writes that this can be attributed to the Roma's distrust and suspicion, and to their humiliation because some of the taboos in Romani culture regarding hygiene and sex were violated at Auschwitz.[416] In May 1942, the Roma were placed under similar laws to the Jews. On 16 December 1942, Himmler issued a decree that "Gypsy Mischlinge [mixed breeds], Roma Gypsies, and members of the clans of Balkan origins who are not of German blood" should be sent to Auschwitz, unless they had served in the Wehrmacht.[417] He adjusted the order on 15 November 1943; in the occupied Soviet areas, "sedentary Gypsies and part-Gypsies are to be treated as citizens of the country. Nomadic Gypsies and part-Gypsies are to be placed on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps."[418] Bauer argues that this adjustment reflected Nazi ideology that the Roma, originally an Aryan population, had been "spoiled" by non-Romani blood.[419]
The Germans turned again, fighting their way north to secure the coastal ports and annihilate the trapped armies. Miraculously, the German high command called a halt to the advance. The reprieve lasted 48 hours, long enough for the British to defend Dunkirk and evacuate what they could of the Allied armies. The Germans entered Paris on June 14. In a humiliating ceremony on June 22, France signed an armistice with Germany, leaving Britain to carry on the fight alone.
The gas chambers in the Auschwitz complex constituted the largest and most efficient extermination method employed by the Nazis. Four chambers were in use at Birkenau, each with the potential to kill 6,000 people daily. They were built to look like shower rooms in order to confuse the victims. New arrivals at Birkenau were told that they were being sent to work, but first needed to shower and be disinfected. They would be led into the shower-like chambers, where they were quickly gassed to death with the highly poisonous Zyklon B gas.
In March 1941, Himmler ordered a second, larger complex to be built next to the original camp. It was called Auschwitz II - Birkenau. The camp at Birkenau was divided into subsections surrounded by electric fences with barbed wire. During 1943 and 1944 the BIIb section became the location of the "Terezín family camp". At its summit, Birkenau had over 100 000 inmates. In March 1942, the Auschwitz III camp was set up at nearby Monowitz, also known as Buna Monowitz. German company I.G. Farben set up a synthetic rubber factory there, in which it used the prisoners' slave labour. Auschwitz also had a further 45 auxiliary camps, where prisoners were forced to engage in slave labour, mostly for German companies.
On November 12, 1938, Field Marshal Hermann Göring convened a meeting of Nazi officials to discuss the damage to the German economy from pogroms. The Jewish community was fined one billion Reichsmarks. Moreover, Jews were made responsible for cleaning up the damage. German Jews, but not foreign Jews, were barred from collecting insurance. In addition, Jews were soon denied entry to theatres, forced to travel in separate compartments on trains, and excluded from German schools. These new restrictions were added to earlier prohibitions, such as those barring Jews from earning university degrees, from owning businesses, or from practicing law or medicine in the service of non-Jews. The Nazis would continue to confiscate Jewish property in a program called "Aryanization." Göring concluded the November meeting with a note of irony: "I would not like to be a Jew in Germany!"
From 1942 onwards, the camp became the site of one of the greatest mass murders in the history of humanity, committed against the European Jews as part of Hitler's plan for the complete destruction of that people (the Final Solution). An estimated 1.1 million people were killed or died at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the vast majority of whom were Jewish men, women and children deported from their homes all over occupied Europe. They were transported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in overcrowded cattle wagons, and upon arrival sent immediately to their deaths in the Birkenau gas chambers. Their bodies were afterwards cremated in industrial furnaces in the crematoria.
Ghettos were intended to be temporary until the Jews were deported to other locations, which never happened. Instead, the inhabitants were sent to extermination camps. The ghettos were, in effect, immensely crowded prisons serving as instruments of "slow, passive murder."[216] Though the Warsaw Ghetto contained 30% of Warsaw's population, it occupied only 2.5% of the city's area, averaging over 9 people per room.[217] Between 1940 and 1942, starvation and disease, especially typhoid, killed many in the ghettos.[218] Over 43,000 Warsaw ghetto residents, or one in ten of the total population, died in 1941;[219] in Theresienstadt, more than half the residents died in 1942.[216]
The Holocaust was the systematic annihilation of six million Jews by the Nazis during World War 2. In 1933 nine million Jews lived in the 21 countries of Europe that would be military occupied by Germany during the war. By 1945 two out of every three European Jews had been killed. 1.5 million children were murdered. This figure includes more than 1.2 million Jewish children, tens of thousands of Gypsy children and thousands of handicapped children.
After the Nuremberg war crimes trials finished, the United States spearheaded the effort to end genocide and become a champion for the prevention of crimes against humanity. The U.S. pushed for greater international effort, helping to draft the 1948 Genocide Convention. President Harry Truman addressed Congress urging the Convention's passage. He stressed the role the United States had to play in "outlawing the world-shocking crime of genocide."
On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler, leader of the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party, was named chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg after the Nazi party won a significant percentage of the vote in the elections of 1932. The Nazi Party had taken advantage of the political unrest in Germany to gain an electoral foothold. The Nazis incited clashes with the communists and conducted a vicious propaganda campaign against its political opponents - the weak Weimar government and the Jews whom the Nazis blamed for Germany's ills.
1 Auschwitz I. The first camp to be used (therefore called Stammlager, 'main camp' in German). It is in a far more complete state than Birkenau, but is also much smaller. The camp consists of former Polish military barracks, which were requisitioned by the Nazis in 1940. Near the entrance, you will see the wrought iron gate bearing the infamous and mocking camp slogan, Arbeit macht frei - "work sets you free." Inside some of them you will find information material, boards, photos and personal belongings to illustrate the life and cruelties of this camp. The only remaining gas chamber is here. As indicated in the chamber, it was reconstructed to its wartime layout after the war. Other sights include solitary confinement cells used as punishment, the death wall memorial where several thousands of people were shot by firing squad, and a reconstruction of the gallows used in 1947 to execute camp commandant Rudolf Höss, on the site of the camp's Gestapo office. edit
A German term for "lightning war," blitzkrieg is a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower. Its successful execution results in short military campaigns, which preserves human lives and limits the expenditure of artillery. German forces tried out the blitzkrieg in Poland in 1939 before successfully employing the tactic with invasions of Belgium, the Netherlands and France in 1940. The blitzkrieg was also used by German commander Erwin Rommel during the North African campaign of World War II, and adopted by U.S. General George Patton for his army's European operations.
Tens of thousands of Jews held in the eastern territories were marched towards the heart of Germany so they could not bear witness to the Allies. Aware that the world had been alerted to the horrors of the camps, the Nazis sought to destroy evidence. In June, Soviet forces liberated the first major camp, known as Majdanek, in Lublin, Poland. The Nazis had burned down the crematorium chimney but had failed to destroy the gas chambers and barracks. Only a few hundred inmates were still alive.
When the Nazi's rose to power they built facilities to hold and, eventually kill, their enemies. When the first concentration camps were built in 1933, this primarily meant political dissidents and opponents of the Nazi government, such as German Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats but would grow to include asocial groups – Gypsies, Jehovah's Witnesses, the homeless, the mentally ill and homosexuals. It was not until Kristallnacht that the prisoners became primarily Jewish.
Innovators such as Heinz Guderian and Erich von Manstein recognised that the protection given by tanks increased the ability of the German army to manoeuvre in the face of enemy artillery, and that this enhanced speed and mobility. However, the modern technology was merely used to enhance the capabilities that had already been provided, thanks to the army's strategic doctrine.
Recognising that battlefield conditions changed rapidly and that orders often became overtaken by events, the German army encouraged its commanders to make decisions without waiting for orders from above, thus allowing them to take advantage of fleeting opportunities as they arose. Above all else, this doctrine created aggressive and flexible leaders.
In the first few decades after the Holocaust, scholars argued that it was unique as a genocide in its reach and specificity.[476] This began to change in the 1980s during the West German Historikerstreit ("historians' dispute"), an attempt to re-position the Holocaust within German historiography. Ernst Nolte triggered the dispute in June 1986 with an article in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: "Vergangenheit, die nicht vergehen will: Eine Rede, die geschrieben, aber nicht mehr gehalten werden konnte" ("The past that will not pass: A speech that could be written but not delivered"), in which he compared Auschwitz to the Gulag and suggested that the Holocaust was a response to Hitler's fear of the Soviet Union: "Was the Bolshevik murder of an entire class not the logical and factual prius of the 'racial murder' of National Socialism? ... Was the source of Auschwitz a past that would not go away?"[aa]
The French armies were much reduced in strength and the confidence of their commanders shaken. With much of their own armour and heavy equipment lost in Northern France, they lacked the means to fight a mobile war. The Germans followed their initial success with Operation Red, a triple-pronged offensive. The XV Panzer Corps attacked towards Brest, XIV Panzer Corps attacked east of Paris, towards Lyon and the XIX Panzer Corps encircled the Maginot Line. The French were hard pressed to organise any sort of counter-attack and were continually ordered to form new defensive lines and found that German forces had already by-passed them and moved on. An armoured counter-attack organised by Colonel de Gaulle could not be sustained and he had to retreat.
Although the prisoners deployed at Emalia were still subject to the brutal conditions of the Plaszow concentration camp, Schindler intervened repeatedly on their behalf. He used bribes and personal diplomacy both for the well-being of Jews threatened on an individual basis and to ensure, until late 1944, that the SS did not deport his Jewish workers. In order to claim the Jewish workers to be essential to the war effort, he added an armaments manufacturing division to Emalia. During the liquidation of the Krakow ghetto in March 1943, Schindler allowed his Jewish workers to stay at the factory overnight.


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Varsity Networks is no longer offering free or paid website services.
It is with deep regret that we tell you that Varsity Networks will be shutting our doors at the end of December 2018.
We are proud to have provided quality team web sites for over 20,000 teams over the last 15 years. We thank you for your years of patronage. Some of you have been with us from the beginning, and we have followed your programs and your progress. We couldn't have done it without you.
The world has changed significantly since we started providing web sites. Technology is used in ways we never imagined, and in ways we did but could not monetize. High school sports teams continue to struggle to find effective solutions that support their needs, and cost-effective ways to manage team efforts. We hope that your team has been successful.
All VN sites will be taken down at the end of December. We are offering access to your customer database and/or your other content (e.g. photos, articles, rosters, schedules) for a fee of $200. If you would like to do this, please email us support@varsitynetworks.com.. We will respond to your email to advise you how to submit the fee and access your information.
It's final overtime for us. We wish you much success in future seasons.
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As expected, my mailboxes are getting less spammed as Christmas and New Year are over now. The sale had not been great this year compared to previous years. Not many online retailers are able to keep their prices low for too long especially with the increase of VAT and everything. On the other hand, health products and diet supplements are doing very well. I received emails almost daily from my favourite supplement drink, Maximuscle, articles about cheap phenphedrine, low prices on vitamin supplements and the likes. I think I had mentioned this before, receiving these types of mails is not necessarily a bad thing. Sometimes, the offers are too much to miss and I might find myself buying things from them.
Gosh, I am so sleepy now and it's not even midnight. I can barely open my eyes. I haven't had coffee in the office for weeks and I almost had one today. I would probably have one tomorrow. I was sleepy in the office and the only thing that was keeping me awake was the tasks that I have been handed to do. Most of the are urgent and they are all lining up very closely. My prediction is, I will be busy until the day my holiday starts. I am almost like my other colleagues where busy is the word.


Scientists have designed new protein tags that can be easily detected and that overcome limits present in current ones.
Researchers "tag" proteins to study their functions and structures. Tagging proteins makes them more easily distinguishable from other cellular components. Currently used protein tags, however, often interact with the protein, changing its structure, function, or location in the cell.
A team of researchers in Spain, including a researcher from Egypt's Zagazig University, undertook "a very aggressive bioinformatic approach", according to computational biologist Modesto Orozco, analyzing a long list of polypeptides and imposing a series of filters to select a final, small set of potential tags.
"This was a kind of exercise in 'rational tag design'," says Orozco.
As a result of this, twelve potential innocuous tags, called 'inntags', were chosen for validation. They corresponded to different proteins with potentially good antigenic properties from plants, insects, bacteria and viruses, which the researchers believed would facilitate their further recognition by monoclonal antibodies.
Further analysis helped the group reduce the list of potential inntags to three, two of which displayed excellent tagging properties during experiments, largely surpassing those of conventional tags in several critical applications.
Orozco believes these new inntags will become widely used, especially among cell biologists, he says.
Georgieva, M. V. et al. Inntags: small self-structured epitopes for innocuous protein tagging. Nat. Methods http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3556 (2015).


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I found a question posted based on the same error, but my issue happens in a different scenario.
Example: I have "Product A" with status "Status 1".
Adding it to cart works as expected.
If I change from "Status 1" to "Status 2" in the control panel, adding the product to cart works as expected. It seems that channel form is causing a problem here.
Does anyone have a clue about this one? Cheers!
Browse other questions tagged expresso-store safecracker or ask your own question.
What happens to channel entries / products when inventory reaches 0 in expresso store?
Expresso-store product modifiers or multiple entries?


LONDON, April 9, 2019 /PRNewswire/ — Based on its recent analysis of the African mobile health market, Frost & Sullivan recognises Kenya-headquartered AfriDOKTA with the 2018 African Customer Value Leadership Award for its hybrid telemedicine/mHealth platform. AfriDOKTA is a subsidiary of eHealth Solutions LLC, a global company based in the United States, which is a leader in developing outcome-based electronic healthcare solutions. Through its telemedicine/mHealth solution, AfriDOKTA aims to deliver first class and world class healthcare to African countries and other low and middle-income countries challenged with major health burdens, regardless of their location and socioeconomic status.
Unlike most mHealth platforms in Africa, AfriDOKTA complies with international data security standards and adheres to the US-based Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The company also applies Health Level 7 (HL7), SNOMED, and DICOM standards, which are a set of international principles used for the transfer of clinical data between various software and electronic applications. AfriDOKTA's use of international standards for storing, accessing, and processing medical images and related information is a strong competitive differentiator in the market.
Each year, Frost & Sullivan presents this award to the company that demonstrates excellence in implementing strategies that proactively create value for its customers with a focus on improving the return on the investment that customers make in its services or products. The award recognises the company's unique focus on augmenting the value that its customers receive, beyond simply good customer service, leading to improved customer retention and customer base expansion.
Led by Dr John Gachago, Kigen Kandie, Michael Ranneberger, Ken Saul,and Dr. Lawrence Adu and Maragaret Bekker, AfriDOKTA is a team of professionals passionate about transforming the delivery of healthcare in Africa through people, processes and technology. The organization's mission is three fold; transforming access to healthcare on the African continent; helping African nations meet SDG3 goals; and facilitating the attainment of affordable Universal Healthcare. AfriDOKTA maintains offices in both the US and Kenya. In the US HQ known as eHealth Solutions LLC and in Kenya as E-Health Solutions Ltd, AfriDOKTA seeks to partner with African and other LMIC Ministries of Health as well as health system strengthening partners like USAID, DANIDA, DFID and various foundations like BMGF, Rockefeller and Ford Foundations to augment their efforts in healthcare in a data driven yet contextual fashion. We understand that many organizations seek to strengthen healthcare in Africa but the data needed is absent. AfriDOKTA fills that gap with its unique platform designed based on a combination of experience in the US health information technology market and consulting with multiple Ministries of Health in Africa on national eHealth strategy. By downloading the app from the Google play store or visiting https://AfriDOKTA.com anyone with a smart phone or internet access in Africa would have immediate access to first class and world class quality outpatient care.


text:
Dawn of the Monsters Roars Onto Switch
Making an uproar
Dawn of the Monsters, the kaiju beat'em-up from 13AM Games and WayForward, is now officially available on Switch! Are you a bad enough dude to tackle 30+ levels and punch every monster you see in the face? If so, then Dawn of the Monsters is certainly for you!
If you'd rather go for a physical copy, you're in luck. Limited Run Games is offering a standard and collector's edition through April 3rd, 2022. The collector's edition includes a physical game box (plus a bonus digital game code), a soundtrack CD, trading cards, chibi figurines of all four playable characters, a battle backdrop, DAWN ID badges, a commemorative coin, a double-sided poster, and a VHS-style collector's box adorned with artwork by kaiju legend Yuji Kaida. You can check out both versions here.
If you'd like to learn more about Dawn of the Monsters before purchasing, you've got two options. You can read the press release below for full details, or you can click here to read our full Dawn of the Monsters review!
Set in a near-future world where gigantic beasts known as Nephilim have invaded Earth, Dawn of the Monsters is a manga-inspired, side-scrolling action game that enlists players as members of DAWN (Defense Alliance Worldwide Network) and allows them to take control of four distinct colossal combatants: Megadon, the living volcano; Ganira, the colossal crustacean; Aegis Prime, a superhuman warrior; and Tempest Galahad, a massive mecha.
From their orbital space station, the warriors of DAWN deploy to Nephilim nests around the planet, battling the otherworldly creatures with an arsenal of moves and combos, including powerful Rage abilities (some of which inflict status ailments on foes), devastating Cataclysm Attacks, and savage Execution finishers. Abandoned vehicles and empty skyscrapers become weapons in destructible cityscapes, and DNA Augments earned after each mission let players customize their stats and unlock new perks.
The earth-shattering action is enhanced with an all-star roster of voice talent — including voiceovers by AmaLee (Attack on Titan), Cristina Valenzuela (Shantae and the Seven Sirens, RWBY), Xander Mobus (Super Smash Bros. Ultimate), and Patrick Seitz (JoJo's Bizarre Adventure) — and art/design contributions from a who's who of kaiju notables, such as renowned Godzilla character creator Shinji Nishikawa, acclaimed Godzilla comic book artist Matt Frank, and lauded illustrator EJ Su (Transformers, Rise of Ultraman).
sdsichero
Ugh I like the cutaway drawings but not for $125. Oh well, standard version for me then.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Memorial Day is almost here and that means pools everywhere will be opening their doors for the first time this year. Here are some tips to help ensure that both adults and children are safe in and around the water.
Always apply sun screen prior to entering to pool to prevent sun burn.
Teach children basic water safety tips and enroll them in swimming classes.
Always wait at least 30 minutes after eating before entering the pool.
Always stay hydrated with water.
Don't leave objects or toys on the ground near the pool.
Always have a designated "watcher" for the children and never leave a child alone.
Make sure children have the proper swimming equipment if they are not good swimmers.
Use plastic bottles, never bring glass to the pool deck.
No Comments on "Pool Season is here!"


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God. Dance. Food. Humor and Sarcasm.
Pretend there's a candle in one of those muffins because the blog turns two today!! WHOA!
It barely feels like this last year happened for me - graduation, marriage, and 6 months at sea dancing my little tush off made it fly by! But even though I'm still in denial that it's really been two entire years since I started this little online journey, I couldn't be happier about where it's taken me. I started my dance career, I lived in one of the most beautiful places in the entire world, I have a wonderful husband who helps and supports me in every way, and I've developed a deeper love of food than I ever imagined when I decided to start writing it all down.
This occasion really demands rich and delicious baked goods. In lieu of rich, have healthy and delicious baked goods!
The other day, I got hit by a particularly strong urge to bake, fed in part by the appearance of a Nutella Swirl Banana Muffin recipe on my newsfeed - courtesy of Jessica over at The Novice Chef. I basically started salivating on sight.
However, I've recently tried to renew my commitment to eating a clean diet - high in fiber, vitamins, minerals, protein and healthy fats; low in sugar, saturated fat and processed chemicals. The hardest part for me to cut out is sugar. It's no secret that I love sweets, and I particularly like finishing a meal on a sweet note, so sugars - even natural ones - are hard for me to both limit and avoid altogether.
I couldn't shake the banana muffin craving, though, so I searched for a healthier recipe, and voila! I found one! Still sweet, but not a cupcake masquerading as breakfast.
These are oatmeal muffins, but not in the same sense as an oatmeal cookie. In this recipe, the oats are ground into oat flour to form the base of the muffin. I was a little low on oats at home, so I supplemented with a little white whole wheat flour and they still turned out great. Also, these are basically the easiest muffins to make in the history of the world: all you do is process the oats, add all the rest of the ingredients, process until it looks like a batter, and bake!
Lightly grease a 12-cup muffin pan with cooking spray, butter, or shortening (I used Baker's Joy).
Place the oats in the bowl of a food processor and pulse until finely ground.
Add the remaining ingredients and blend until a smooth batter is formed.
Up until about a year ago, I was convinced that I did not like hummus.
As in, "get that weirdly spiced baby food away from me."
Looking back on that version of me, I have to shake my head in shame.
What was I thinking?? Was some pickiness from my "ew, beans!" phase sticking around?
Thankfully, shortly before I started rehearsals for the ship, I discovered just how ridiculous I was being and fell head over heels in love with hummus. During rehearsals, fresh vegetables, pretzels and classic hummus-to-go packs were lunch most days. Once aboard the vessel I called home for half a year, baby carrots, flatbread crisps and spinach artichoke hummus saved my patoot during our month of Condition Red (a story for another post that...isn't pureed). And once I got home, I learned how ridiculously easy and cheap it was to make at home and did a happy dance.
This was Attempt Number One.
This was a replication of - or dare I say, improvement upon - my favorite hummus-and-everything-else flavor to date: spinach and artichoke. There's something about the freshness, mild fragrance, and gorgeous green color that just lights my candle! Thanks to Ali, the genius behind Gimme Some Oven (yay blog puns!), I found the ultimate recipe. The only change we made was to swap in lime juice for the lemon, since that's what we had on hand, and thankfully the bright lime was a great complement to all the other green stuff in there.
Jon and I have been devouring it nonstop since it came out of the food processor.
And the best part? It's only 60 calories per 2 tbsp serving!!
Translation: room for more dessert later!
If you're a hummus fan with a food processor, what are you waiting for?? Get hummus-ing!
Place all ingredients into the bowl of a food processor. Using the steel blade, process until smooth. Add a tablespoon at a time of the reserved chickpea liquid as needed until your desired consistency is reached. Crack out the veggies and pita chips and enjoy!
To store, scoop into any air-tight container and refrigerate. It'll last for a couple weeks easily.
I really need to practice making cookies.
I have cupcakes and layer cakes down. Brownies? Check. Biscuits, scones? Super easy. I can even do pie crust.
But cookies? They're the first thing most kids bake! The one thing that their moms will let them help with! The foolproof dessert that can only get screwed up by not setting a timer!
And I CANNOT nail them!
I want to say I can blame my oven. I probably need an oven thermometer so I can test what temperature "350˚" actually is. And maybe I need to play with temperatures as well as times.
I'm just saying, for me, thick golden cookies that don't spread like the dickens are apparently a lot to ask for.
In the picture are the prettiest three cookies of nearly 3 dozen. They just kept spreading and browning really quickly!
At least they taste good!
Pretty will come with time.
For now, I will accept any cookie tips and tricks that you lovely people have to offer me, and will also sit back with one of my poor dilapidated tasty cookies.
In the bowl of a stand mixer, or in a large bowl with a very sturdy hand mixer, cream together the butter and sugars until very light and fluffy - about 5 minutes.
In a separate bowl, combine the flours, baking soda, salt, and cinnamon, whisking together thoroughly until no clumps of baking soda remain. Stir in the oats, raisins, and pecans.
Returning to the mixer, add the eggs to the butter and sugars one at a time, beating well after each addition. Stir in the vanilla extract and the molasses. Gradually add the flour and oat mixture on a low speed to the creamed butter mixture until well combined.
Chill the dough, covered, for a few hours or overnight - optional, but recommended.
To bake the cookies, preheat the oven to 350˚F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper, a silicone baking mat, or (in a pinch) foil sprayed lightly with cooking spray. For giant cookies, (cause who doesn't like a giant cookie??) drop the dough in 1/4-cup sized* balls spaced evenly on the baking sheet. Place in the preheated oven on a rack centered in the oven. Midway through the baking time, rotate the baking sheet so the cookies bake evenly. If necessary, flatten the domes of the cookies with a spatula. Bake the cookies for 20-22 minutes, or until the tops are just starting to brown - don't overbake them! You'll be sad. Remove from the oven, cool completely on a wire rack, and enjoy!
Take that, Ben and Jerry!
Back story: Jon and I got an ice cream maker as a wedding gift. Never have you ever seen a more thrilled couple. Ice cream is the only dessert that Jon can't resist, and I'd been wanting to make my own fun flavors for years! But alas, the contract was offered, life got crazy, and I left home for seven months before that beautiful piece of Cuisinart machinery could be used.
Naturally my first mission upon coming home was to use it.
Once I remembered how to use a kitchen, that is.
And can I just say...this was the first thing I made post-Hawaii that didn't involve pumpkin or cinnamon? Going an entire calendar year without fall made me crave fall flavors as soon as I hit the mainland.
Pumpkin oatmeal, pumpkin waffles, snickerdoodle cake, and a huge batch of turkey pumpkin chili later, I was finally satisfied.
But I wanted to make something complicated.
And the ice cream maker was calling to me.
The two of us got hit by a major (and majorly random) Boston Cream Pie craving, so my adventure started with the flavors of yellow cake and chocolate ganache. I came across a recipe for cake batter ice cream, which was always my favorite flavor at Cold Stone, and started playing with add-ins from there, eventually deciding on the yellow cake base from Country Living's Boston Cream Pie and homemade hot fudge sauce from the best cookbook of all time: How to Cook Everything.
I made the custard, which took about twice as long as I expected. I baked the cake, which turned out beautifully. I made the fudge, which took too long cause I kept stirring when I wasn't supposed to (lesson learned). And finally, all of the pieces were ready to become ice cream. I assembled the machine, added the custard, and turned it on.
Turns out you really ought to read directions for machines before you use them. I hadn't let the bowl freeze completely. Woops.
It worked much better the next morning.
And voila! 2 quarts of gourmet, completely from scratch ice cream!
...which I realized after my first bowl was a rip-off of Perry's Piece of Cake.
Guess my idea wasn't that unique, but making it was way more satisfying than just buying a carton.
Plus, I still have leftover cake!
We're never buying ice cream again.
Just...pardon the iPhone Instagram photo. I try not to eat ice cream in the middle of the afternoon, and natural light isn't exactly abundant at...night.
Cook the cake batter custard until thick enough to coat the back of a spoon - this could take several minutes longer than you expect, so have patience! - and chill for at least two hours, up to overnight.
Bake the cake and allow it to cool completely before cutting half of it into 1/2" to 1" chunks. Save the rest for sundaes or just plain snacking.
Cook and cool the hot fudge.
Freeze the custard base according to instructions in your ice cream maker. Once the base is mostly solid, add the cake chunks while the machine continues to churn. Turn off the machine and transfer the ice cream into a large freezer-safe container. Drizzle thick ribbons of the cooled fudge on top and swirl in gently with a rubber spatula. Transfer the ice cream into the freezer for at least another two hours, then scoop and enjoy!
Combine the chocolate, butter, sugar, salt, and water in a small saucepan over low heat until smooth. Add the corn syrup, bring to a boil, and allow to cook for 5-10 minutes - WITHOUT STIRRING (don't be like me!) - until the sauce is thick and shiny. Remove from heat and stir in the vanilla. Serve hot over ice cream or allow to cool to room temperature for use inside the ice cream!
There was a time when I was a blogger.
That time abruptly stopped approximately 7.5 months ago.
And I can finally offer an explanation for the sudden hiatus.
In plain old words, I spent the last six months living in Hawaii on Norwegian Cruise Line's Pride of America as a dancer and singer.
There will be follow-up posts about my favorite places to visit and eat in the islands, as well as some funny stories about my contract. I'm also going to see what I can do to cook some Hawaiian favorites at home!
You know, once I remember how to use a kitchen again. It's been a minute.
Back soon with more from my life on a ship!
Et voila, the first cake I baked in our new apartment!
This gorgeous thing was the product of a very domestic day alone - my wonderful husband was at work for two days straight in Pittsburgh, so my kitchen and I got reacquainted in a very intense way. After the cake came out of the oven, those insane sprinkly pancakes found themselves on the stovetop, and broccoli fritters made it to the dinner table a few hours later.
First of all: SO. MANY. DISHES.
Second of all: SO. MUCH. DELICIOUS.
This cake is chock full of scrumptious, moist, banana flavor and the quick-and-easy glaze tastes like hot fudge. The baking method for the cake is easily one of the most interesting I've ever encountered: the cake stays in the oven for nearly two hours at a low temperature, then immediately makes its way into the freezer for an additional hour. The resulting cake is insanely moist and flavorful, and the outside doesn't get super dark like many banana cakes are wont to do in a hot oven. Though it took time to bake, I was absolutely thrilled with the quick prep (especially with my new KitchenAid 6-quart pro!!) and the delectable result. Thank goodness I found some people to help me consume it, or this delicious cake would have become 10 new delicious pounds around my waist!
I highly recommend this recipe. If muffins or banana bread sound boring the next time you have overripe bananas, go for cake!
Place a rack at the center of the oven and preheat to 275˚F. Thoroughly grease and flour a 12-cup nonstick bundt pan, or use a baking spray with flour to coat it.
In a small bowl, mash the bananas.
In a medium bowl, mix together the flours, baking soda, and salt.
In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, or in a large bowl with a hand mixer, cream together the butter and the sugar until pale, light and fluffy, about 3 minutes. Add the eggs one at a time, beating well until fully incorporated, then stir in the vanilla. Alternately add the buttermilk and the flour mixtures to the bowl of the mixer, mixing until combined and smooth. Stir in the mashed bananas.
Transfer the batter to the prepared bundt pan. Bake in the preheated oven for about 1 hour 40 minutes, until a toothpick inserted into the middle comes out clean.
Immediately transfer the pan to the freezer for about 1 hour. Remove the pan from the freezer to a rack for at least 3 hours.
When ready to serve, invert the cake onto a serving plate or cake stand and prepare the glaze.
Combine powdered sugar and cocoa powder in a bowl and whisk together thoroughly. Switch to a spoon and add vanilla. Gradually add the milk or half and half until a thick but pourable glaze is formed. Spoon over the top of the cake and allow the glaze to drip down the sides. Give it an hour or so to set slightly, then slice and serve. Enjoy!
My birthday was a week ago.
Which was totally my own fault - my layer cake pans were in storage and I totally ran out of time to make myself a cake anyway.
And don't get me wrong, my birthday was incredible!
That morning, I had to wake up super early to drive half an hour to a class I was assisting with. Before I woke up, Jon had left the apartment, and he came back with my favorite pancakes as a surprise. When I got back from work that night, a dinner of pan-seared salmon with pesto and parmesan-crusted baked zucchini was almost ready - I'm blessed with a husband who can cook really well! And then, before the night was over, he took me downtown to The Chocolate Bar for drinks and dessert. The day was not extravagant or big or blown-up, but because I got to spend so much time with my new husband, it was perfect.
Birthday with no cake? Weird!
So this weekend, I made up for it.
I present to you: Birthday Cake Pancakes.
Also known as the best pancakes EVER.
It's Funfetti in pancake form!
Could anything BE more perfect??
Birthday Cake Pancakes with a boozy Vanilla Cake Glaze.
Cake mix. Vanilla. Sprinkles. Topped with powdered sugar, more vanilla, half and half, and CAKE VODKA.
Please, for the love of all that is good, invite some girlfriends over and chow down on these suckers.
In a large bowl, whisk together the flours, cake mix, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. In a medium bowl, beat together the eggs, milks, butter or coconut oil, and vanilla. Add the wet ingredients to the dry and mix together until combined. Fold in the sprinkles.
Heat a skillet or griddle over medium-low to medium heat. Preheat the oven to its lowest temperature setting and have an oven-safe plate ready. Add a bit of butter, allow it to melt, and spread it out. Using a 1/4-cup measure, add the batter in rounds and allow them to cook until the edges are set and the tops are covered in popped bubbles. Flip and continue to cook until the pancakes spring back when pressed with a spatula. Remove pancakes to the plate and place in the preheated oven while you cook the remaining batches of pancakes, adding a little bit more butter to the pan or griddle before each batch. Serve with syrup or glaze and ENJOY!
Using a spoon, stir together the ingredients, starting with the lowest recommended amount of liquid and adding more if necessary, until a smooth and slightly thick glaze is formed. Spoon liberally over Birthday Cake pancakes and enjoy!


The Arfak Mountains are situated at the northeast side of the Birdshead Peninsula. The mountains are of a rather moderate altitude with peaks up to 2940 meters (Mount Mebo). It is amazing that nature is so wealthy and rather undisturbed in the vicinity of a big city like Manokwari. Moreover, at the very northwestern edge of the city is The Meja Reserve, a rather small National Park on top of Mount Meja ("Table Mountain"). Although there is high pressure on the protection of the surrounding nature by civilization (traffic, industry, logging), the Arfak Mountains are spared until now. With its rather steep mountain slopes and deep cloves it seems not interesting for industrial exploiration yet.
Most important cultivated areas are situated at the east coast of the Birdshead Peninsula. In the north the big city of Manokwari is settled, more south Andai, Warkapi, Oransbari and, at the southernmost point of the Arfak, Ransiki. Manokwari is the largest city in this area and is the second largest city of Papua and inhabits an university. Next in row at the east coast is Ransiki. It has a small industry and fishery harbour.
In the Central part of Doberai Peninsula, at the westside of the Arfak Mountains, the landscape is more flat and includes many marshes, slow running rivers and small ponds and lakes. It inhabits a rich fauna of water insects (dragonflies, beetles, a.o.).
At the edges of the mountain area we found some palm-oil plantages (near Andai and Prafi) and areas with secundairy forest, but somewhat deeper in the mountains are still wide areas of primary forest, where the flora and fauna is rather undisturbed. High in the mountains are the two Anggi Lakes, Gigi and Gita. The Arfak Mountains inhabit a very rich biodiversity for several fauna elements, like birds and insects, with many endemic species. It definitely needs to be protected as a nature reserve.
1826 - Dumont D'Urville visits the Dorey Bay (where at present Manokwari is settled) and meets for the first time Arfak people. He is passenger on the ship D'Astrolabe of L.J. Duperrey.
1858 - Alfred Russel Wallace spents a few weeks at Doré (now Manokwari), collecting birds and insects. His collectors go in the Arfak Mountains. He also collected at the North coast of the Birdshead Peninsula.
1872 - The Italian naturalist L.M. D'Albertis makes a trip from Andai to Mt. Hattam (Arfak).
1873 - The German A.B. Meyer, from the Zoology Museum in Dresden, visited Dorey Bay and collected lepidoptera. He also visited Manem (now Mansinam).
1875 - The Italian naturalist O. Beccari climbes in the Arfak Mountains and reaches Mt. Hattam (2040 m).
1877 - The French naturalist L. Laglaize visits the Karoner, Amberbaker and Kebar people at the Northcoast of the Birdshead Peninsula.
1883 - 1884 The French naturalist F.H.H. Guillemard visits the Birdshead Peninsula. He collected birds, butterflies and other insects.
1889 - For 9 years the German collector H. Kühn collected in New Guinea and the adjacent islands.
1891 - The Swiss Hans Fruhstorfer visits the Birdshead Peninsula and collected many lepidoptera. His material is still preserved in the BMNH and ZMHB.
1892 - The English animal collector W. Doherty collected many birds and insects, of which mostly butterflies. He visited Andai and Dorey.
1896 - Doherty visits New Guinea for the second time, visiting Dorey Bay.
1896 - Zoologist E.St. Vraz explores the Arfak Mountains and reaches up to 20 km South of Mt. Hattam.
1907 - A.E. Pratt visits, together with his two sons Felix and Charles Pratt, the Arfak Mountains near Manokwari. Charles also visited Warmasin (Anggi Lakes, Arfak Mountains, February 1909). Both brothers, Felix and Charles went on the River Uty and Mt. Misresi in the Arfak Mountains.
1913 - A.E. Pratt and his two sons Felix and Charles plan a new trip to the Anggi Lakes in the Arfak Mountains.
1914 - In order of J.J. Joicey (owner of the private Hill Museum) A.E. Pratt and his sons collected in the Arfak Mountains.
1928 - Ernst Mayr, a German ornithologist, collected birds, mammals, plants and insects on the Birdshead Peninsula, mostly from the Arfak Mountains.
1928-1929 - From December 1928 till May 1929 Prince Leopold from Belgium visits the Dutch Indian Archipelago. He also visited the Arfak Mountains. Apart from other animals he collected also insects ((type)material in ISNB, Brussels).
1993 - Expedition of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam to Manokwari, Meja Reserve, Prafi and Warkapi (Arfak), by Arnold de Boer, Twan Rutten and Rob de Vos.
1996 - Expedition of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam to Manokwari, Meja Reserve, Andai, Prafi and Ransiki (Arfak), by Arnold de Boer, Gerrit Withaar, Piet Zumkehr, Herman de Jong and Rob de Vos.


Originally installed in 1874, there are apparently more than 2500 of them... the Nasoni (Big Noses) supply fresh water to the public in Rome. The nickname was given because of their spouts' resemblance to a larger than normal nose. Within the Aurelian walls of Rome there are over 250 of them for your use. And have no fear... this water is perfectly fine for drinking--cold and fresh. In fact, using the nasoni is a great way to save on price gouging that goes on with refreshment street vendors, who charge overly high prices for bottled water. Trust me, it can be very hot and humid in Rome--even in the "cooler" spring and fall. Never go anywhere without a water bottle. Filling your own, reusable sport bottle is the way to do it in Rome. Don't waste money on bottled water.
The nasoni are beautifully designed. The 200 pound, cast iron fountains stand about 3 feet tall, with distinctive spouts supplying a continuous stream of potable water. That's right, it flows all the time. Romans call it l'acqua del sindaco (the mayor's water), since the government maintains the water flow.
The older nasoni have a dragon's head at the end. Newer ones have a smooth torch decoration. Some older ones have three spouts while most have one. Please don't be put off by the rust or minerals built up at the base of the nasoni--the water is perfectly pure. All of the nasoni bear the shield of Rome with SPQR emblazoned on it. This is from the Latin phrase from Ancient Rome: Senātus Populusque Rōmānus (The Roman Senate and People). Today, this is the official emblem of the modern Roman government.
The nasoni also have a little known secret--at least tourists don't seem to know about it... On top of the spout (the nose) there is a small hole that can turn this faucet into a drinking fountain. The trick is holding your hand (hopefully clean) under the open spout, plugging it up. This forces a little water jet to pop out of the small hole on top, allowing you to drink as you would from a modern drinking fountain. (It's customary to rinse your hands before doing this in an effort to keep the spout clean.) Just hold your hand steady as you drink, or you might get sprayed in the face! Watch the cute video below... this bellissima bambina explains it so well.
This is NOT the proper way to do it. Rinse your hands, and then use your PALM to block the spout.
Here is a LINK to an interactive map of Rome that can help locate nasoni.
Typically, there are no Easter egg hunts in Italy, but nowadays you will find Il Coniglietto di Pasqua (the Easter Bunny) and hollow chocolate eggs with a surprise gift inside. There are also Pannetone and Colomba (dove shaped) breads given as presents when visiting relatives.
Pasqua is the second biggest holiday, just behind Christmas. But the days leading up to Easter include solemn processions, masses, and celebrations in virtually every region of Italy, each having its own traditions. La Pasquetta, the Monday after Easter Sunday, although not a national holiday, is a public holiday throughout Italy where families stay home from work, enjoy good food and exchange gifts of chocolates.
On Good Friday evening, the Pope celebrates the Via Crucis (Stations of the Cross) in Rome at the Colosseum. Mimicking the Passion of the Christ, a huge cross with burning torches lights the sky as the stations of the cross are described in several languages. At the end, the Pope gives his blessing. There have been younger Popes who have carried the cross during the procession.
In virtually every church in Italy an Easter mass is held. The Pope himself officiates at the Easter mass at Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. Although tickets are free, people wanting to attend the mass at St. Peters Square need to order tickets to this mass 2-6 months in advance.
On Easter Sunday in Florence, the Scoppio del Carro (Explosion of the cart) is the event to attend. A tall, decorated cart is pulled by white oxen until it reaches the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence's historic center. Immediately after East Mass is completed, the Archbishop shoots a rocket into the fireworks-filled cart, creating a terrific pyrotechnics display. Afterwards there are displays with people dressed in medieval costumes.
The island of Sardinia is a part of Italy steeped in tradition and influences from other lands and cultures. Some of its Easter traditions have evolved from the Spanish Catalan, Semana Santa, such as the Riti della Settimana Santa in Alghero. The celebrations last for a week with different processions and festivities each day coming ending the final day with fireworks. If you're still in Sardinia the second Sunday after Easter, check out the Torrone (Nougat) Festival' in Tonara--just done tell your dentist!
As an example of the uniqueness of celebrations in small towns, the Umbrian hill town of Panicale, celebrates with cheese on La Pasquetta. The game of Ruzzolone is a competition with elements of bocce, bowling and even yo-yo. This game has been played for over 2000 years. The giocattori (players) attach a large, leather strap around a nine pound wheel of pecorino cheese and in yo-yo or sling-shot fashion, launch the cheese wheel through the streets that wrap around the village walls. In the piazza afterwards, there is music, dancing, wine--and of course--cheese!
Enna, in Sicily, has a series of events and processions during the entire Easter season. On Palm Sunday, the brothers put on a live scene of Jesus' arrival to Jerusalem on the Papardura Sanctuary, clinging to the side of the mountain, with olive branches and palms gracing the path.
On Wednesday, a singing mass is held, while the members of the confraternities take over local taverns in the historic center, filling it a party atmosphere. On Holy Thursday, there is a foot washing ritual and pilgrimages that last into the night. On Good Friday, more than 2,000 friars dressed in ancient costumes walking through the streets of the city. The statue of the Holy Mary is carried by dozens to the Cathedral with the brotherhood entering the church to pay their respect to Christ. In the evening, the longest parade in Sicily starts, with all confraternities taking part, all wearing hoods of penitence and carrying torches.
Confraternities of Penitents or Congrèe in Italian, are Roman Catholic religious groups, with bylaws prescribing various penitential works. Beginning in the mid 12th century, a members of these brotherhoods were referred to as converso, Church laymen who had made a "conversion of life" and were affiliated to a monastic order as lay brothers.
Penitents, also called Addolorati, are those who adopted asceticism, of which there are two types. "Natural asceticism" is a lifestyle with lessened material aspects, fasting, refraining from sexual relations without actually entering a monastery. "Unnatural asceticism" includes self infliction of pain or flagellation.
These Penitents lived fairly normal lives, while adhering to rules against blasphemy, gambling, drunkenness, and womanizing. In 1227 Pope Gregory IX recognized his "Brothers and Sisters of Penance". As with today, most penitent confraternities were involved in charitable activity and considered benefactors to both Church and their local communities.
In the past as well as today, the penitent brothers are known for wearing robes and pointed hoods during public processions on Catholic holy days, such as Good Friday, to hide their identities, both for purposes of hiding their sinfulness and providing anonymity for their charitable works. I feel it must be pointed out (unintended pun here), that these are good-hearted, devout Catholics.


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For your bachelor's degree, you may choose from 10 majors offered from six departments. No matter the major, you'll gain hands-on experience and valuable access to research opportunities in your field that will set you apart from the competition.
Our students also work with corporate partners on their senior design capstone projects, applying their knowledge in professional settings and working with leaders in their intended careers.
BS Programs
Biomedical Engineering, B.S.
The College of Engineering at UNT offers a unique undergraduate program in Biomedical Engineering that allows a student of the program to major in Biomedical Engineering, minor in mathematics and in an additional area of engineering. Thus, a student graduating from the 120 SCH program will be well rounded and have the engineering skills and expertise to work in industry, hospitals, research institutions or become a motivated entrepreneur.
Learn more about this program.
Computer Engineering, B.S.
The Bachelor of Science degree with a major in computer engineering is designed for students who wish to specialize in computer hardware, communication systems, digital signal processing, micro-controllers, real-time and embedded systems. The program provides a strong engineering background, with an understanding of the principles and techniques of computing.
Computer Science, B.S.
The Bachelor of Science degree with a major in computer science is a professional degree designed to prepare the student for a computer software development career or further studies in the technology and application of computers.
Electrical Engineering, B.S.
The Bachelor of Science degree with a major in electrical engineering is an innovative undergraduate program designed to combine the best practices in electrical engineering education. This design- and project-oriented program integrates concepts, analysis, design and development of state-of-the-art electrical and electronic systems.
Materials Science and Engineering, B.S.
The Bachelor of Science degree with a major in materials science and engineering is designed to provide students with the fundamental principles of how materials are made, how they behave during application, how their structure and properties are measured and quantified, and how to improve the performance of these materials.
Mechanical and Energy Engineering, B.S.
The Bachelor of Science degree with a major in mechanical and energy engineering combines the fundamentals of mechanical engineering with a broad specialization on subjects related to energy production, management, and distribution.
BA Programs
Information Technology, B.A.
A Bachelor of Arts with a major in information technology provides you with computer science skills while offering more flexibility, fewer math and science requirements, and the opportunity to study a supporting area that can be outside of computer science. Information technology is currently one of the most rapidly growing employment prospects.
BSET Programs
Construction Engineering Technology, B.S.E.T.
The construction engineering technology major provides educational experiences for the development of technical knowledge and skills necessary in today's construction industry. The program provides education in both the management and technical aspects, thus providing optimum opportunities for employment.
Electrical Engineering Technology, B.S.E.T.
The electrical engineering technology major is designed to develop the technical and personal knowledge and skill necessary to compete successfully in today's electrical industries. The program builds on a strong foundation in mathematics and science and includes courses in network analysis, linear electronics, digital electronics, communication systems and control systems.
We are no longer accepting new applications to this program.
Mechanical Engineering Technology, B.S.E.T.
The mechanical engineering technology major is built upon a strong foundation of science, mathematics and technical course work designed to meet the diverse needs of the mechanical engineer.
The College of Engineering offers seven master's and four doctoral degree programs. Our engineering graduate students work with multidisciplinary faculty researchers who pioneer ideas that benefit the global community. Researchers use cutting-edge technologies, including 3-D printing and computational systems, to address challenges in energy, the environment, healthcare, infrastructure and security.
Artificial Intelligence, M.S.
Considering a career in the exciting field of artificial intelligence? UNT Engineering's new graduate program may be just the answer. It's the only standalone Master of Science in Artificial Intelligence in the state of Texas and is one of few nationwide.
Biomedical Engineering, M.S.
The Department of Biomedical Engineering offers a graduate program leading to a Master of Science degree with a major in biomedical engineering.
Computer Engineering, M.S.
The Department of Computer Science and Engineering offers a Master of Science degree with a major in computer engineering.
Computer Science, M.S.
The Department of Computer Science and Engineering offers a Master of Science degree with a major in computer science.
Electrical Engineering, M.S.
The Department of Electrical Engineering offers a graduate program leading to a Master of Science degree with a major in electrical engineering.
Engineering Technology, M.S.
The Department of Engineering Technology offers a graduate program leading to a Master of Science degree with a major in engineering technology.
Materials Science and Engineering, M.S.
The Department of Materials Science and Engineering offers a graduate program leading to a Master of Science degree with a major in materials science and engineering.
Mechanical and Energy Engineering, M.S.
The Mechanical and Energy Engineering department offers a graduate program leading to a Master of Science degree with a major in mechanical and energy engineering.
Computer Science and Engineering, Ph.D.
The program of study in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering for the doctoral degree with a major in computer science and engineering includes formal course work, independent study and research. The purpose of the degree is to produce a professional capable of directing and conducting research within the discipline of computer science and engineering.
Electrical Engineering, Ph.D.
The Department of Electrical Engineering offers a graduate program leading to a Doctor of Philosophy degree in electrical engineering, with an integrated entrepreneurship component.
Materials Science and Engineering, Ph.D.*
The Department of Materials Science and Engineering offers a graduate program leading to a Doctor of Philosophy degree with a major in materials science and engineering.
Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Ph.D.*
The doctoral program in Mechanical and Energy Engineering at the University of North Texas, offers a ground-breaking opportunity to learn fundamental and applied knowledge compatible with mechanical engineering, renewable energy, energy modelling, manufacturing, and fossil fuels.
*Concentration in Biomedical Engineering


Screech Is Coming To Cedar Rapids!
Dustin Diamond is best known for his role as Screech Powers for 10 seasons on Saved by the Bell. He also played the bad guy on Celebrity Fit Club, and has been on the road the last 17 years touring as a stand-up comedian.
I was a big fan of his work on television, and I'm super pumped for the show! Diamond has had plenty of up and downs in his career. It will be interesting to see what he includes in his set. It should be fun!
Tickets for the show start at just $15 and can be purchased at this link. Penguin's Comedy Club is located at 208 Second Avenue in Cedar Rapids.


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Adaina microdactoides is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Luzon and Mindanao in the Philippines.

The wingspan is 13–14 mm. Adults are on wing in August and November.

References

Oidaematophorini
Moths described in 2003

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


SALT LAKE CITY, Utah – After a slow first half for both teams, Corner Canyon turned it on in the third quarter to pull away from Skyridge and capture the state 5A crown with a 31-14 victory.
Quarterback Cole Hagen threw for all four of the Chargers' touchdowns, including two to wide receiver Noah Kjar. Hagen's final touchdown to Kjar capped off a 98-yard touchdown drive to put the game on ice.
Although both teams are new to the state, it was Corner Canyon, in just its sixth year of existence that capped off a perfect season with the win at Rice-Eccles Stadium. The Chargers rolled to the title with a 70-3 blowout win over Murray in the first round, another 52-6 rout against Viewmont in the second round and then a close 20-15 call against Olympus in the semifinals. For Skyridge, it was another year of falling just short of the title. The Falcons lost to Lehi last season in the championship game, having beaten Corner Canyon in the semifinals to get there.
Head coach Eric Kjar was ecstatic to be celebrating the championship with his team.


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Sam Bailey makes a long-awaited debut in Llanelli!
During her career, which has seen her embark on two national tours, songstress, Sam Bailey has stopped off in many different cities and towns around the UK.
However, Llanelli in Carmarthenshire is one place where Sam has yet to perform. But, on Saturday 6 April 2019, that will change as she gets ready to take to the stage at Ffwrnes Theatre.
As the special guest for the evening, Sam's set will include songs from her latest album Sing My Heart Out, as well as covers of some other classic and well-known hits. Joining Sam will be her fantastic live band who always bring a special touch to all of her performances.
The show, which is in aid of charity Marie Curie -Wales, will also feature a huge performance from Welsh choir, Cor Curiad. The all-ladies choir will be led by their very talented Music Director, Alex Esney.
And, if Sam Bailey's vocals aren't enough, there will also be local talent performing in between Sam and Cor Curiad's sets.
Tickets are now available to purchase via the theatre's website. Visit: https://carmarthenshiretheatres.ticketsolve.com/shows/873593579 today to make sure you don't miss out on Sam's first ever performance in Llanelli!


CALL IT SENSE AND Sensuality… or, let's talk about the purple passion.
She's an honored guest at Paradise Hall, an English resort boasting the full experience of an authentic Georgian country-house weekend. Liveried servants tend to the every need of houseguests clad in meticulous period costume: snug breeches, low-cut silken gowns and negligible undergarments.
It's Mac Salazar, a journalist immersing himself fully, deeply, lustily in the naughty pleasures of upstairs-downstairs dalliances, who piques Louisa's curiosity-and libido-most. He's a dilettante straight out of a novel: uninhibited, unapologetic and nearly insatiable. But Lou's not romantic about this much, at least: Paradise Hall is a gorgeous fantasy, nothing more. A lover like Mac is pure fiction. And the real world beckons….
Recognition for HIDDEN PARADISE–it's finalled in two prestigious contests!


Welcome to Evmastu Hotels - If you are travelling along with your family or on a pleasure trip, and want to get a best and comfortable hotel for you. Evmastu hotels will help you to decide which hotels you should book in and around Ahmedabad.
Are you looking for a comfortable and economical stay in Ahmedabad - Evmastu Hotels brings you the best in class hotels which you can book online before your stay. These hotels have been handpicked by our local experts in Ahmedabad who understands your need and requirement.
The list of all 3/4 star hotels in Ahmedabad is refreshed and update from leading hotel sites like Expedia, Travelocity, Lastminute.com, Accor Hotels etc. So no need to worry about the rates, whatever rates we show are very much competitive and cheapest in the area.
Here is a short video of less than 12 minutes which will give you an insight into Ahmedabad and help you make most of your visit to this beautiful city.
To help you search the hotel in Ahmedabad you may filter on the facilities available in hotel i.e 24 Hour Reception, Airport Shuttle, Fitness Room/Gym, High Speed Internet or wifi, Kitchenette, a dedicated parking for guests, Spa and Wellness Centre, Swimming Pool, Hotels with Chilled Air Conditioner, Baby Sitting Service, Bar or a live Lounge, a well maintained business centre, Satellite TV to entertain you, a Casino, Concierge Service, Room Service and Self Laundry or Drycleaning facility.


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The  Theosophical Movement is a monthly magazine that was started by the United Lodge of Theosophists India under B.P. Wadia on 17 November 1930. It is a magazine that is devoted to the living of the higher life. The monthly magazine is edited in Mumbai, India, by associates of the ULT. Its print and electronic editions have subscribers all over the world. All articles in the magazine are unsigned, except those that had been written by H.P.B., W.Q.J. or others who had made signed contributions in the older Theosophical magazines. Furthermore, articles in the magazine distinctly avoid all references to personal opinions and experiences of the author. These are directly in keeping with one of the core tenets of anonymity and impersonality of ULT associates as expressed by Robert Crosbie. The magazine is dedicated to:

References

External links
United Lodge of Theosophists India

1930 establishments in India
Monthly magazines published in India
Magazines established in 1930
Mass media in Mumbai
Philosophy magazines
Theosophy


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I am frustrated when I tried to arrange a visit to Agra - Tony Cunnane's Autobiography
I am frustrated when I tried to arrange a visit to Agra
Risalpur
Cessna T37
Domestic matters
East Pakistan
Landi Kotal
Spying mission
Solo checks
Leaving Risalpur
For political reasons I did not take any photographs during my short stay in East Pakistan, as it was then called.)
There were several flying instructor postings in and out following the graduation of the senior students in December and, to my great surprise, I was appointed Flight Commander. I told the Commandant and my Squadron Commander that, although I deemed it an honour, I would prefer not to be the Flight Commander - none of my RAF predecessors had been. I felt that it was an appointment that rightly should go to a Pakistani QFI. The Commandant insisted that he had to appoint me as Flight Commander otherwise I would lose face and respect. "There are," he said, "three reasons. You are my only A2 QFI on the T37 Flight; you are the senior of all the flight lieutenants; and you are the oldest QFI. If I didn't appoint you, it would appear to all the others that I had no confidence in you. So you see, Tony, there can be no argument."
The lack of an immigration stamp in my passport became a real embarrassment just before Christmas 1969 when I tried to arrange my January end-of-term holiday. I had decided that, since I was so near, it would be a shame to leave the sub-Continent without paying a visit to the Taj Mahal at Agra. The only way to get by air from Rawalpindi Airport to anywhere in India was by using Lufthansa so I went to their Rawalpindi office and tried to book a return flight to the nearest airport to Agra, which I seem to recall was Delhi. The clerk gave me an odd look and asked the purpose of my visit. I told her that I wished to visit the Taj Mahal. She asked to see my passport. It hadn't occurred to me that I would need my passport simply to book an airline ticket; I didn't have it with me so I told the clerk that I would have to come back later with it. I left the airline office and set off, on foot, to the British High Commission to collect my driver who would take me back to Risalpur. On the way, I suddenly remembered the lack of an immigration stamp in my passport to show how and when I had entered Pakistan and I decided that I had better not risk flying out of the country in case I couldn't get back in.
When I reached the High Commission, Group Captain Johns called me into his office. "Why have you been to the Lufthansa office?" he asked, rather frostily. I was astonished that he knew - it was only about 30 minutes since I had left the airline's office. Clearly the Defence Adviser had spies who had been watching me - probably my own driver. I told the DA that I was planning a visit to Agra during the Academy's end-of-term break in early January. "Think about it, Tony" he said. "How do you think your Pakistani friends will react when they hear you're going off to India? And what do you think the Indians will do when you suddenly arrive from Pakistan? The countries are not exactly the best of friends, are they?" Ooops! Not a good idea. Come to think about it, I don't believe I had even told the Defence Advisor that I had no immigration stamp in my passport.
Christmas Day is a holiday in Pakistan. It turns out, conveniently, that 25 December is also the birthday of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the revered Father of the Nation, called Quaid-i-Azam by all Pakistanis, so Christians and Muslims all have cause to celebrate on that date. Actually, Christmas Day turned out to be of academic interest to me because I was laid low in my rooms for 48 hours with a streaming cold and stomach bug. In spite of my protestations, the Academy's Flight Surgeon insisted on giving me several injections of whatever fluid he used for rehydration.
There was a Graduation Parade on 10 January 1970 at which President Yahya Khan was the Reviewing Officer. The entire Diplomatic Corps arrived from Islamabad to watch so security was intense throughout the base as one would expect. The parade itself was splendid and it was pleasing to see the graduating student pilots' pride as they had their wings pinned on by the President. I was amused to hear the band play the tune of "Abide with me" over and over again during the lengthy inspection but I doubt if anyone but me, and possibly Air Commodore O'Brien, newly promoted from group captain, realised that the music was composed for a Christian hymn.
The Academy then closed down for two weeks, so I decided to spend a few days of my leave in East Pakistan. Surely that would be uncontroversial? I got a free lift to Karachi on the RAF Andover that was conveniently making one of its regular runs from the Gulf and I booked myself into Room 531 at the Karachi Intercontinental Hotel for a couple of nights. Several of the Iranian students who had just graduated from Risalpur knew I would be staying there and they came to visit me in the hotel early the following day. Just before leaving Islamabad my Iranian girlfriend and I had arranged to meet up in Karachi at the Intercontinental but one of the Iranian students told me that she had suddenly been recalled to Tehran. Sadly, she had left no message for me, so I was sure it had been an involuntary departure. One of the more forthcoming students quietly suggested that it would be better if I did not make any enquiries, so I didn't.
On 19 January I flew to Dacca. The flight from Karachi to Dacca, the capital city of what was then East Pakistan, was treated as an internal flight even though most of the route passed over Indian territory. There seemed to be a written, or maybe unwritten, agreement that India would not interfere with civilian airliners transiting between the two halves of Pakistan. I could, therefore, legally travel from Karachi to Dacca and back without the need to show my passport - although I did carry it with me hoping that I would not have to produce it anywhere.
I had no sooner booked into my Dacca hotel, another Intercontinental if I remember correctly, than a General Strike, hartal in Bengali the majority language in East Pakistan, was called covering the whole of East Pakistan. I was forced to spend two whole days confined to the hotel and having to watch parades and demonstrations from my hotel bedroom window. It was exceedingly boring.
The third day, when things had got back to normal in the city, I hired a taxi for the day and went on a long tour of Dacca and surrounding areas. The taxi driver spoke excellent English and clearly enjoyed having a very rare 'tourist' in his cab. I was horrified at the squalor and poverty in the city: I thought Rawalpindi and Karachi were bad enough, but Dacca was much worse. The taxi driver showed me the world-famous magnificent 19th Century Star Mosque and then we drove out to where a grandiose new Government Headquarters complex was being built. "It is most important that Government ministers have a nice place to work in, isn't it?" he said with a wry smile. When he dropped me back at my hotel late-afternoon he asked, shyly, if I could pay him in US dollars. Rightly or wrongly, I did so - and probably gave him far too much, but I didn't mind because I had enjoyed his company.
The next day I flew back to Rawalpindi, this time a direct flight across the sub-continent. Sadly, there had been not been enough time, nor had I enough cash left in any currency, to visit either Chittagong or the Sundarbans, the home of the Royal Bengal Tigers, in the south west of East Pakistan. What with one thing and another, my mid-tour leave had been a bit of an expensive disaster.
Before another year passed, a war would be fought between India and Pakistan as a result of which a number of my Pakistani Air Force friends would be killed on active service. As a result, East Pakistan became the self-governing independent country of Bangladesh and the Western spelling of Dacca was changed to Dhaka (a Bengali word that is difficult for Europeans to pronounce correctly - try saying the initial 'Dh' with your tongue trapped between your teeth).
/continued here or go back to the top of this page Home


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Made from Coconut Acid and known for being a mild cleanser and foam builder, as well as for conditioning and keeping the product from separating into its oil and water components. Not known to cause irritation. It's sold as a brown, thick, pasty liquid that's water soluble [Hunting (Shampoo) pg 379-380; Gottschalk pg 2685].


For pension and investment advice, we are a "fee only" business. By operating in such a way, we can offer truly objective advice, minimise a client's costs, and maximise value. Fees can be charged to the recommended contract, to the client personally or to a business as a professional undertaking.
We build long-term relationships with clients.
We aim to simplify our clients' lives and give them more time to spend on the things they value in life.
We provide a high level of service, which we are proud of, whilst maintaining services in a cost-effective manner for clients.