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Fußball als Widerstand: Austria's Resistance to the Nazi Regime Through Football
Despite the insistences of the Nazi Party, who claimed Austria would enthusiastically embrace annexation by Germany, many Austrians were less than enamored with having their country absorbed into the greater German Reich, a feeling which was strengthened as World War II wore on.
As a result of these feelings of discontent resistance to the Nazi government was commonplace following the Anschluss on March 13, 1938. In a political atmosphere monopolized and manipulated by the Nazi Party, where outright political opposition was not an option, Austrians were forced to pursue other, non-political, avenues to voice their displeasure.
Photo: German Football Archive
One way in which this could be achieved was through sport, especially football, which was the most popular spectator sport in both Austria and Germany at the time. By the creative use of football as a form of protest disgruntled Austrians were able to use the sport to mask their underlying political disenfranchisement.
Football was used to achieve this goal at the international level in the form of the Austrian national team, especially through star player Matthias Sindelar. Football provided Austrians with a way to resist the Nazi regime without doing so openly.
Anschluss sentiment was by no means a new phenomenon by the time Hitler announced the union of Germany and Austria on March 13, 1938. In fact, the roots can be traced back to 1866. At that time, the burning political question concerned the size of a potential unified German state.
Successive Prussian victories in the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian wars allowed them to dominate the politics of Central Europe in the later third of the nineteenth century. With Prussia's decision of Kleindeutschland having been made a precedent was set which, with their exclusion, alienated Austria-Hungary and induced feelings of animosity toward their neighbors.
Photo: Bradley Schmehl
In the intervening years the landscape of central Europe was overhauled by World War I. Austria-Hungary ceased to exist and Germany had been made to pay for her actions. The newly created Republic of Austria was greatly weakened and could only look back and reminisce on its former imperial glory.
With a proud multicultural history connected to the Habsburg Dynasty the new republic used whatever means necessary to remain relevant on the international stage. One way in which the fledgling nation was able to accomplish this difficult task was through football.
The Austrian national team was founded in 1904 and joined FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), the worldwide governing body of the sport, one year later. The formation of the football association preceded that of the Republic. Therefore, upon the creation of the Austrian state in the aftermath of World War I, this scenario allowed national pride to develop immediately.
The national team had a 13-year head start on the country. Because of this football was an important factor in the formation of Austrian pride and identity. In the words of Austrian social historian Matthias Marschik, "The stadium and also the small pitch were places where some sort of national Austrian identity could be shown or could be created for the first time ever."
Proud Austrians used the team as a way to identify as a group unique from Germany. Hitler, upon seizing control, immediately acted to suppress feelings of Austrian nationalism and identity. Despite a population dominated primarily by those of German descent this action contradicted more than three decades of Austrian identity that had been established through football.
Photo: Popperfoto / Getty
Austrian football fans had no affinity for the German national team because they had their own team to root for. Not only were they not interested in rooting for the Germans they were also not in favor of their style of play, which was a major point of distinction between the national teams of the two countries.
The playing style and footballing mentality were too dissimilar to coexist. Austrians were fond of their style of play, the Austrian Schiberlspiel, which was characterized by movement, short passes and promoted individuality. This style of play was technical, fluid, and allowed for more creativity. To a large extent, the Austrian football mentality preferred good play and saw that as more important than a win.
In opposition, German football was based on the English game and was dominated by a rough, direct, machine-like style. These differences showcase the contrast in history between the two countries. The Danaufußball practiced by the Austrians was unique to land that had once been Austria-Hungary.
As was the case with the Austro-Hungarian Empire's development along a separate path from that of Prussia-Germany, the same is true of its football. Thus the abolition of their national team stripped Austrians of a part of what made them unique. It gave them another reason to resist the Nazi regime.
Regardless of these historical and footballing differences the sport remained popular in both countries. Its popularity made it an extremely useful propaganda tool for the Nazis to implement for the Party's benefit.
In an effort to legitimize the Anschluss, a Volksabstimmung was held on April 10, 1938. In this so-called referendum, by a vote of 99.75 percent, Germany received Austrian consent for the absorption of Austria into the Greater German Reich.
In the weeks leading up to this vote the Nazi Party, always with a keen eye toward manipulation and propaganda, enlisted famous Austrian footballers to support the Party. Their high profile made them obvious targets of the Nazi Party to sway their countrymen in support of the Anschluss.
To this end, star players were used in many different ways. Some published pro-Nazi articles in the Viennese edition of the "Völkischer Beobachter" while others were used as election assistants.
While it is true that these players were not explicitly forced into these actions by the Nazi Party the reality of the situation left them little choice. Many players obeyed out of preemptive obedience; others out of fear. Still, others allowed themselves to be used in an effort to further their personal or professional careers.
Along with their participation in Nazi preparations for the Volksabstimmung the players were also used in a staged game to be held on April 3, 1938 in Vienna, a game which was a part of the Anschluss propaganda efforts. This was also to be the final game of the Austrian national team before being combined with Germany into a single team, which from that point on would represent the Greater German Reich.
The Anschluss-Spiel was intended to serve as a game showcasing the unity and feelings of mutual friendship among both sets of players. It was to be used to promote these same feelings among the greater Austrian and German populations. This was especially important to the Nazi effort in their attempt to maintain morale among Austrians.
Photo: 2012 AFP
As the period of euphoria immediately following the Anschluss began to wear off the Nazi Party relied on football to calm the growing discontent the Austrians directed toward them. Football was seen as a trivial space in which the Nazis could grant the people a certain amount of freedom in an arena that remained important to them but did not constitute an integral part of Nazi Party ideology.
The propagandistic spectacle was attended by numerous Party officials in a stadium bedecked with swastikas. While many Austrians understood the game as a way for self-assertion the Nazi propaganda machine was also successful as, "…Vienna twinkled in the signs and flags of the Nazi regime."
Despite these grandiose intentions of the Nazi Party the game did not proceed as they hoped. Naturally the Austrian players harbored feelings of ill-will. Their proud footballing tradition was about to come to an end. Led by manager Hugo Meisl, the Austrian team, which had been nicknamed the Wunderteam, was coming off a strong run of success.
Between 1931 and 1932 they had recorded a string of fourteen unbeaten games that included two victories over Germany. Austria had also finished in fourth place in the 1934 World Cup. The team were right to have had high aspirations heading into the 1938 World Cup. The Anschluss, however, put an end to these hopes.
The situation surrounding the Anschluss-Spiel is unclear, although it is likely that orders from above told the Austrians not to score. Dressed in a red-white-red uniform, evoking memories of former Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg, who ended a speech to the Federal Diet earlier in the year with, "…Until death: Red-White-Red! Austria!," the Austrian team had no intentions of following these orders.
Photo: agefotostock
In the second half, Austrian captain Matthias Sindelar scored the first of two Austrian goals which gave Austria, playing as Ostmark, a 2-0 victory over Germany, the Altreich. In celebration of his goal, Sindelar did a dance of joy in front of the Party officials in attendance. His celebration cannot be described as anything but a political statement.
Although he was one of the players used by the Nazis in their propaganda program this was his way of remaining true to himself. His goal celebration was his way of protesting the situation without doing so openly. In addition to Sindelar's enthusiastic celebration, the packed stadium also erupted and shouts of Österreich reverberated throughout.
As with the celebration of Sindelar this cheer from the crowd was a form of political resistance. After taking control Hitler, in one attempt to stamp out Austrian nationalism, had banned the name Austria. Without doubt, the Austrian victory over Germany in their final game before being forcibly combined with the German national team provided an arena for Austrians to use football as a form of resistance.
In this way, the Anschluss-Spiel backfired on the Nazi regime. Although the Nazi controlled press wrote off the outcome as a beautiful game among friends they could not ignore the acts of resistance that had occurred.
Intended as a propaganda spectacle of friendliness and cooperation the game instead fueled notions of Austrian nationalism and identity. By underestimating the power the game had both over and for the people of Austria the Nazi miscalculation resulted in producing the opposite of their intended effect.
The star of the Anschluss-Spiel, Sindelar, was a vital figure in the use of football as resistance. Along with his antics in the Anschluss-Spiel, he further endeared himself to Austrians by declining to participate in the 1938 Pan-German World Cup team.
While he claimed that this was due simply to old age national team manager Sepp Herberger disagrees. In his discussions with Sindelar in his attempts to get him to participate, Herberger said:
"…he [Sindelar] had some other reasons to decline… I almost had the impression it was down to feelings of uneasiness and rejection to do with the political developments that weighed on his mind and caused his refusal."
Sindelar also continues the theme of multiculturalism that historically differentiated the Austrian and German national teams. He was one of a number of players who were capped by the Austrian team throughout its history who were born outside Austrian borders.
An overwhelming majority of players were from Vienna, which is not surprising since the city was home to 28 percent of the country's population as of 1934. The small minority, however, included the two very important figures: Sindelar and manager Hugo Meisl.
Sindelar and Meisl were of Czech descent and were born in Moravia and Bohemia respectively. Aside from their common ancestry both men shared another commonality, one which made them even more suspect in the eyes of the Nazi Party. Meisl was Jewish. Sindelar, while not himself Jewish, was a suspicious figure to the Nazis as they saw him as a Jewish sympathizer.
Photo: http://www.wien.gv.at/
The similarities between the two men do not end here. Both would not live to see an independent Austria following World War II. Sindelar's life was cut tragically short with his death on January 23, 1939.
His sudden death remains clouded in myth. Considering his prominent position, his actions in the Anschluss-Spiel, and the cold-blooded ruthlessness of the Nazi leaders this should not come as a surprise. His death has been officially recorded as an accidental one caused by carbon monoxide poisoning. Contrary evidence exists, however, to put the official record in doubt.
Sindelar was suspected of being too friendly to Vienna's Jewish population. To further distance himself from Party doctrine he purchased a café from a Jewish family who was forced from the business in September of 1938. He paid a reasonable sum to the outgoing family.
In a political climate that was ripe with anti-Semitism, and only weeks prior to Kristallnacht, this is a notable detail. Instead of taking advantage of the heavily marginalized Jews, Sindelar instead treated them with respect and conducted himself as a proper businessman. This action would only increase the amount of Nazi suspicions about him.
The fact that the Nazis were suspicious of Sindelar is enough evidence in itself to suspect foul play. Sindelar's lifelong friend, Egon Ulbrich, certainly believes this to be the case. As Nazi law did not allow a grave of honor to be presented to murder victims or suicides, Ulbrich believes bribery was involved in the death of his friend.
According to Ulbrich, "…we had to do something to ensure that the criminal element involved in his death was removed." Whether the criminal element Ulbrich spoke of was murder or suicide is unclear.
In the same vein as Ulbrich, Austrian author Friedrich Toberg also brings into question the official record. In the introduction to his poem "Auf den Tod eines Fußballspielers," Toberg suspects death by suicide caused by feelings of political dissatisfaction.
Whatever the case may be, Sindelar was by no means an adherent to Nazi ideology. By all accounts, the opposite was true. The Gestapo even had a file on him. Sindelar largely despised the Nazis and had no need for Germans in general. Because such a prominent national figure was stringently opposed to Nazi rule, the official death record must be brought into question.
For these reasons, Sindelar was not only important to the Austrian national team in the 1930s, but he was also paramount as a manifestation of the Austrian resistance against the Nazi party. His importance is significant because he is an exemplary example of how football, in a non-political arena, was used by Austrians to discretely resist the Nazi Party.
Because of his prominent social position, Sindelar was the leading figure of this unique form of resistance. Sindelar also was a prime example of the type of double life many Austrians assumed once under Nazi domain. In a political climate which forbade outright opposition and demanded uniformity and conformity to Party ideology a certain amount of compliance was necessary even among those who were opposed to the Nazi Party.
While he may have allowed himself to be used by the Nazis in their propaganda network his actions during the Anschluss-Spiel showed his true intentions. Also, by declining selection for the pan-German World Cup team, Sindelar again displayed his feelings of Austrian nationalism. This was another way in which he used football as a political tool in his resistance to the Nazi regime.
The case of Austrian resistance to the Anschluss through football is an important reminder of the cracks which existed in the Nazi regime. Although the Nazi Party strived to fully integrate Austrians into the Reich opposition remained.
For those who remained opposed their lives were made difficult by the fact that their avenues for expressing these feelings were limited. Through the creative use of football as a way to resist without doing so openly many Austrians were not only provided with an outlet to display their opposition but also had their feelings of nationalism strengthened.
The return of the Austrian national team in the aftermath of World War II was well received. Matthias Sindelar is seen today as both the country's greatest footballer as well as a national hero.
By: Eric Ely
Featured Image: @GabFoligno
BBC News Online. "Football, fascism and England's Nazi salute," Accessed April 5, 2013. Last updated September 22, 2003.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/3128202.stm.
Billinger, Robert D. Metternich and the German Question: States' Rights and federal Duties, 1820-1834. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 1991.
Brenner, Michael, and Gideon Reuveni, eds. Emancipation through Muscles: Jews and Sports in Europe. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.
ESPN. "The Paper Man Mystery," Accessed March 30, 2013. Last updated July 18, 2003.
http://espnfc.com/columns/story?id=271800&root=europe&cc=5901.
Hesse, Ulrich. Tor!: The Story of German Football. London: WSC Books Ltd, 2003. Kindle edition.
Lyth, Peter J. Introduction to 1938… and the Consequences, by Elfriede Schmidt, 9-18. Riverside, CA: Ariadne Press, 1992.
Marschik, Matthias. E-mail message to author. April 5, 2013.
Österreichischer Fußballbund. "Die Geschichte des ÖFB." Accessed April 4, 2013.
http://www.oefb.at/fussball-ist-volkssport-und-news1964.
–––. "Das Wunderteam." Accessed April 2, 2013.
http://www.oefb.at/in-den-dreiss%C3%ADger-jahren-war-news1965.
Schuschnigg, Kurt. "Austria Must Remain Austria." Speech delivered to a special session of the Federal Diet, Vienna, February 24, 1938.
Solsten, Eric, and McClave, David E., eds. Austria: a country study. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994.
Stadt Wien. "10. April 1938 – Volksabstimmung für den Anschluss." Accessed April 9, 2013.
http://www.wien.gv.at/kultur/chronik/volksabstimmung-1938.html.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. "Vienna." Last updated May 11, 2012.
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005452.


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The Spanish team wins the Furusiyya FEI Nations Cup in Lisbon
Furusiyya FEI Nations Cup 2015 - Lisbon
The winning Spanish team in Lisbon. Photos (c) Nuno Pragana/FEI.
In a competition of wildly fluctuating fortunes for many of the nine competing nations, the Furusiyya FEI Nations Cup 2015 Europe Division 2 leg in Lisbon, Portugal was won by a rock-solid performance from the Spanish team on Friday night. And, to the delight of the home crowd, the Portuguese produced a much-improved second round to clinch runner-up spot and maximum points towards qualification for the Furusiyya 2015 Final.
The clock gave France the nod over Belgium for third place when the two sides finished on level pegging, while Team USA lined up fifth ahead of Ireland in sixth and Great Britain in seventh place. Finland filled eighth spot, withdrawing in the second round after elimination for their second-line Mikko Maentausta, but still guaranteed 90 qualifying points as one of just two countries hunting for points in today's leg of the series. Having collected 16 faults in the first round, Team Italy sat it out on the sidelines when only eight nations returned for the second round.
The Spanish established their superiority with three first-round clears from Alberto Marquez Galobardes on Belcanto Z (Berlin x Mr. Blue), Gerardo Menendez Mieres on the Cassini I-stallion Cassino DC and Ivan Serrano Saenz on Condor (Cashandcarry). But perhaps typifying the whole concept of the Furusiyya FEI Nations Cup, with its layers of competition that guide young, developing riders onto the ladder of success as part of a team, it was a great second round from Laura Roquet Puignero that clinched it and left Saenz with no reason to return to the ring for a second time.
Both Roquet Puignero and Menendez Mieres experienced their Nations Cup debut which made it all the more creditable that the latter produced one of just two double-clears on the day. But Roquet Puignero's improvement from a 16-fault first effort to leave just the middle element of the Longines triple combination on the floor second time out was also remarkable.
The 12-fence track designed by Brazil's Guilherme Jorge jumped very differently for many of the horse-and-rider combinations over the two rounds. One of the most surprising elements of the competition was the fact that so many of those who went well first time out really struggled at their second attempt. The two-hour interval between the first round in daylight, and the second under lights, created a completely different environment. As Roquet Puignero explained afterwards, "a lot of horses were very spooky about the lights in the second round, and there was a lot more tension for the riders at that stage."
Gerardo Menendez Mieres rode a double clear round for Spain on Cassino DC.
The Portuguese were languishing in sixth place at the halfway point carrying eight faults, while the French lay ahead of them with five and Great Britain, the USA and Ireland shared second spot with four faults apiece. But they mainly lost their grip as the second round progressed, the French faring best of the leading bunch when adding nine to their tally, and the Belgians doing really well when adding just one time fault to their first-round 13, but leaving it all to late to make any real impression.
The Portuguese got off to a flying start in round two when Mario Wilson Fernandes produced the second part of a double-clear with Abanderado MZ (Andiamo Z x Benroy M) and Joao Pedro Gomes was also fault-free with Electra S (Concreto x Accord II). But their rapid improvement ground to a halt when Luis Ferreira's Quechua d'Emeraude ducked out twice at the middle element of the Longines triple combination for elimination. It was left to anchorman, Luis Sabino Goncalves, to save the day, and it seemed very possible that he might even force the Spanish to a jump-off if their last rider faulted, as mistakes from Marquez Galobardes and Roquet Puignero moved the leaders onto an eight-fault total. However although Sabino Goncalves brought Uching Imperio Egipcio (Chin Chin x Carthago) home with all the timber intact, he collected a single time fault to move his country onto a final total of nine faults, good enough for second place but allowing Spain's Serrano Saenz the luxury of not having to come back into the ring.
"The course was beautiful to ride", said Menendez Mieres whose lovely 10-year-old grey, Cassino DC, produced that critical double-clear for the winning side. Course designer, Jorge, talked about the challenge he set. "The first round was a bit easy but we decided to raise only two fences (in the second round) as the lights change things a bit as well. On top of that, we felt it was important to put a bit of pressure on the riders, so it was the right decision. The time allowed (79 seconds) was totally different from the first round to the second – I wish I had set 76 or 77 seconds in the first round, but the 79 was absolutely perfect for the second round" he pointed out.
Laura Roquet Puignero said the winning team were "surprised, but very happy tonight!" She said her horse "was very naughty in the first round, he was a bit fresh and not so concentrated but in the second round he was a little more tired and much more calm. I'm so happy with him. I broke him when he was four and we are together now for six years - we have learned a lot together!" said the 25-year-old from Barcelona.
Source: Press release from the FEI by Louise Parkes
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Czech Republic ready for the 2016 Furusiyya FEI Nations Cup Europe Division 1 League
Brazil best in the Furusiyya FEI Nations Cup in Arezzo
Ukraine to the top of the Europe Division 2 with one leg to go
French victory in the Furusiyya FEI Nations Cup in Gijon
The starting order for the CSIO5* Nations Cup in Gijon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cedar Rapids/Iowa City corridor housing programs and services. If you have housing questions about what's available to you or want information not provided here, please contact us as redi.iowa@gmail.com. Our goal is to assist you with any housing information you may need.
As a result of the 2008 floods, the city of Cedar Rapids offers assistance of up to 25% toward the purchase price of new homes.
This program is designed to increase homeownership among lower income and underserved households by providing $6000 in down payment and closing assistance.
Founded in 2009, Block by Block is a partnership of multiple Cedar Rapids organizations that have devised a solutions-based, relationship-building approach to rebuilding neighborhoods affected by the 2008 floods.
We can provide you, at no cost, with mortgage program information on such programs as FHA, VA, USDA and Conventional financing as it relates to buying a new, existing home or refinancing your home. Please contact us.
* This information will be provided by one of our business partners, Universal Lending Corp.
Section 8 housing, Senior housing, Low income housing, and affordable housing.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development approved consumer credit counceling credit service. Includes homebuyer education classes, pre-purchase counseling, foreclosure prevention and mitigation, post purchase counseling and home maintenance services and much more.


The rambunctious piano-guitar duo is back!
Come dig on some live jazz and blues for your Friday night, while sipping on a beer or a glass of wine on the beautiful outdoor patio that House Wine offers. The best wine bar in town, just south of the river! We hope to see ya there.


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UPDATED! Comparing Clubhouse with Twitter Spaces: A Chart Comparing the Features of the Two Leading Drop-In Audio Chat Social Apps for Mobile Devices
Clubhouse (photo by Erin Kwon on Unsplash)
Twitter Spaces (source)
I don't know what lucky star I was born under, but as of very early this morning, Thursday, March 4th, 2021, I am now part of not one but two beta tests of competing drop-in audio chat apps: Clubhouse (which I have been on for a little over a week), and the newer Twitter Spaces, which I was invited to join today, after participating in my first-ever Twitter Spaces group chat that lasted into the wee hours of this morning!
This morning, I tried out my new abilities, setting up Twitter Spaces chatrooms to talk with various people one-on-one, like Michael Zhang, Kent Bye, Will Burns and Andy Fidel. With those chats, and last night's group chat, under my belt, I now feel confident enough to compile a comparison chart between the two platforms.
Please note that the situation is evolving rapidly (for example, the press have reported that Twitter Spaces works for Android, but in trying to connect with an Android user, she reported that she received a message that it's not available yet for Android). So this chart will age rapidly, and I will NOT be keeping it up to date; consider it just a current snapshot of the race between the two social audio companies! (And yes, you can bet your bottom dollar that Facebook is feverishly working on a competing drop-in audio chat app to dominate the nascent marketplace*.)
(I apologize for the somewhat messy dimensions of this table; I was unable to find an easy way to make the columns all the same size! I need to brush up on my HTML/CSS.)
Features/Details CLUBHOUSE TWITTER SPACES
Company Alpha Exploration Company, founded in April 2020 by Rohan Seth and Paul Davison, funded by venture capitalist Andreessen Horowitz Twitter, founded by by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006
Current Number of Users 10 million users (and growing quickly!) Unknown number of users since its private beta launch in late December 2020, mostly iOS (Twitter itself has 330 million users)
Supported Mobile Devices iOS only iOS only; the press has already reported that Android support has just launched, but I have had a least one report of an Android user who could not get in, and one report of someone who could, so…
Current Growth Model Invite only (You have to have someone text you an invitation) Invite only (Twitter seems to be selecting the longest-standing accounts first)
Number of Rooms You Can Create As many as you like (three kinds: open, public/followers only, or closed/invite only) It appears to be just one, reusable room linked to your Twitter profile (you can retitle the room every time you spin it up, though)
Number of Clubs (Recurring Rooms) You Can Create You need to ask Clubhouse to set up a club for you, but soon they plan to launch the ability for you to create your own clubs There does not appear to be a regularly-scheduled room or club feature yet (but it's early days!)
Number of People You Can Invite into a Room Seems to have no upper limit (the Elon Musk interview room had over 6,000 people) UPDATE: It would appear you can invite as many Twitter users and lists of users as you like (thanks, Navah!). You can also send out a general invitation tweet to your Twitter feed, or generate a special link to post to places like Discord (I tested both and they do indeed work).
Emojis Encouraged in user profiles and searchable, but when you are in a room, and not speaking, you are limited to clicking your microphone button repeatedly (similar to clapping), or changing your user icon and PTR (Pull To Refresh) the screen. Yes (but the selection is limited to only 5 emojis). Of course, you can also use emojis in your Twitter profiles and tweets!
Direct Messaging No (you must use Instagram or Twitter to send direct messages, although you could create a private room for just the two of you to chat) Yes, built-in from the start
Cost The platform is free to all users and doesn't yet offer any kind of premium plan or method of charging users, nor is it ad-supported. They plan to monetize by adding ways for users to pay other users, which will provide an opportunity for Clubhouse to take a cut for its services. Free (Twitter makes its money through advertising and data licensing)
And if you want to ping me on either Clubhouse or Twitter, my handle on both is the same: @quiplash. Quiplash is short for "quipster whiplash", because I am very well known for my snappy comebacks 😉 (and no, I am not named after the Quiplash game). Hit me up if you want to experience Twitter Spaces and perhaps we can schedule a group discussion, and I'd like to extend the same invitation for Clubhouse (if you can get an invite; I might be able to you out there, too, if you join my Patreon).
Feel free to give me a shout! (photo by Jason Rosewell on Unsplash)
UPDATE 4:13 p.m.: Well, I have been testing out Twitter Spaces with small groups of three to five people; thanks to Navah Berg and my European social VR blogger counterpart Niclas Johansson, and to Thomas for helping me test! (I'm sorry but given the problems I report below, I was unable to add Thomas as a friend, and I didn't catch his last name.)
Unfortunately, this afternoon, the Twitter Spaces app performed horribly, muting my microphone at one point and forcing me to use the very limited set of 5 emojis to express myself (like some sad mime!), and at another point, slowing down to the point that it took me several painful minutes to search for a username, waiting 5-10 seconds for each and every key press to register, and then, not once but twice in a row, actually crashing me out of the app and causing my iPhone to lock up completely! I haven't had that happen in a while… So, after four tries, I gave up.
So I would very strongly recommend that you wait a day or two before trying Twitter Spaces, even if you have been invited to participate as a host today. It seems to be buckling under the load, and in my opinion, it's just not ready for prime time. Very buggy, very beta. (Sorry, Twitter!)
Navah, who says she had been on Spaces for a couple of weeks now and that she prefers Twitter Spaces to Clubhouse, told us that her pervious days' performance was much better, and she suggested that all these serious problems are happening to us today because Twitter launched Spaces for Android users today, and they are getting hammered with Android device traffic (which makes sense to me).
UPDATE 8:31 p.m.: Well, things are looking up! Navah is hosting a Twitter Space this evening with approximately 55 people present, with only occasional audio issues. One of the features I do quite like about Twitter Spaces is the ability for someone either (host or speaker) to share a tweet with everybody in the room. Somebody posted a copy of my tweet of this blogpost to tonight's meeting!
UPDATE 8:43 p.m.: Aaaand the room crashed again! Back to the drawing board, Twitter…
*UPDATE March 6th, 2021: Well, surprise, surprise… word has leaked out that Facebook is working on adding audio chat rooms to Instagram:
Here's a link to the tweet and resulting comment thread if you're interested.
Posted on March 4, 2021 March 6, 2021 Author Ryan SchultzCategories ClubhouseTags Android, Cellphones, Clubhouse, Comparison, Comparison Chart, Features, iOS, iPhone, Mobile Apps, Mobile Audio Social Apps, Twitter, Twitter Spaces
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By Marvin Luz, senior director of revenue cycle management transformation, Greenway Health.
The move to value-based care not only impacts the approach providers take to serving their patients, but it also changes the way they document, account for, and bill patients — quickening billing cycles and creating a need for better cost containment.
Billing glitches originate in several areas of practice operations, especially during busy times. With many patients coming in and out of the office, important information may be miscommunicated, overlooked, or even lost. Practices must standardize their billing processes as a "cycle" that is clinically driven and embraced by staff.
While managing every type of information contained in documents that practices require may seem overwhelming, providers must embrace this task to optimize revenue opportunities. For example, when organizations understand the nuances of payer contracts, they are in a better position to fully leverage payment and negotiations. Equally important is staying on top of edit reports, explanation of benefits forms, and other claims issues, while also making sure denied claims are reworked and resubmitted in a timely manner.
Providers employ a variety of strategies to improve collections, including appeals, tracers, collections letters, and payment plans. While these tactics are a good first step, many fall short due to lack of follow-up. Research conducted by Greenway Health found that only 62 percent of practices review delinquent claims, while just 59 percent of secondary claims are filed due to back office time constraints. Often, by the time a practice realizes a patient or payer has not responded, it's too late to collect the money owed.
Details are important, but when billing practices become all about them, organizations can neglect the bigger picture revenue opportunities. For example, if practices look for trends, such as repeated claims denials for the same services or claims that are denied for registration errors, processes can be reworked to avoid those common errors to occur in the future.
Guest post by Jennifer Smith, director, Digital Documents, LLC.
Even with electronic decision-support technology and responsive, knowledge-based medical software built into modern electronic health care record (EHR) systems, it is critical for physicians and clinicians to recognize the primary focus is still treating the patient. In an effort to survive escalating costs of care and declining reimbursements, modern health care delivery models shifted from a patient-centric care model toward a financially motivated business model.
With the push toward value-based reimbursements and rigorous quality measurement reporting mandates, hospitals and medical organizations today must balance the need to remain financially solvent with improving patient outcomes and experiences throughout the health care journey.
End-to-end RCM in the healthcare industry explores cost per transaction beyond salaries and benefit packages. Administrators examine productivity volumes, idle time, workforce utilization ratios and patient flow as key factors that directly influence revenue potential.
Business process outsourcing (BPO) has gained popularity in recent years as a way for hospitals and practices to control operating costs without compromising patient care or satisfaction levels. It is a win-win proposition for all stakeholders. The RCM software and services market, which includes BPO, now garners more than $12 million, annually. There are many reasons to consider BPO, including streamlining internal efficiency, expediting third-party payer reimbursements, and reducing data entry errors that stifle cash flow and frustrate consumers.
Improving document management is critical. Leading technology enables collecting vast amounts of data, data that can be used to improve patient outcomes, and financial performance. However, data is only valuable if it can be rapidly accessed, analyzed, organized and converted into actionable information. Digital Documents, which is a company that provides outsourced document management services, says document processing services essentially convert information to digital assets.
Those assets may translate into higher profit margins. One study showed hospitals that outsourced most of their RCM operations in 2014 saw an average revenue increase of 5 percent to slightly more than 6 percent. Revenue increases are expected to continue to grow over the next few years, especially in the health IT outsourcing area, which according to Reportstack should see an annual compounded growth rate of almost 9 percent through 2019.
Guest post by Rick Little, vice president of Client Services, MedAptus.
Revenue cycle management. Right now you're probably thinking this term sounds like some fancy business school jargon, so why should you care about it? Isn't that an accounting issue? What does it have to do with healthcare IT?
Well, a lot actually. Applying health IT resources to revenue cycle management processes is a must-do now as the Affordable Care Act, Meaningful Use and the looming ICD-10 transition swing into full gear. In fact, now more than ever, technology solutions are needed to drive correct coding and billing compliance for an optimized revenue cycle. Without it, your organization will struggle into 2014 and beyond.
Here's a quick look at how charge capture and management software helped The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center prepare technologically and financially for all that the ACA, ICD-10 and other initiatives may bring.
More than eight years ago MD Anderson identified electronic charge capture as a technology capable of providing financial, administrative, and compliance improvements. MD Anderson Cancer Center is part of the University of Texas system and located in the heart of the Texas Medical Center. One of the largest employers in Houston, MD Anderson has more than 18,000 employees including more than 1,400 physicians, and served nearly 110,000 patients in 2011.
Beyond automating and streamlining physician charge capture processes, MD Anderson also required its chosen software solution to integrate with its EHR, link together numerous legacy systems and drive reconciliation improvements across its many clinical areas.
MD Anderson began using charge capture and management technology from Boston-based MedAptus with 50 physicians piloting the company's mobile Professional Charge Capture (Pro) in early 2005. After initial pilot results that demonstrated improved revenue and decreased charge lag, MD Anderson implemented MedAptus' use across its entire enterprise. Today, more than 1,300 clinicians utilize Pro for their professional charge capture and management.
A vital component of the charge capture deployment at MD Anderson is integration with the hospital's proprietary EHR, Clinic Station. Working together, MD Anderson and MedAptus created an interface directly within the EHR allowing providers to easily complete charging and charting tasks via a single sign-on and with the preservation of patient context between the two systems. This real-time, simultaneous entry has reduced errors, improved compliance, decreased time-to-billing and driven personal efficiencies.
As MD Anderson evaluated areas for improvement within its revenue cycle processes, inpatient consultation charges stood out as an area for review. To improve capture here, a new interface from the consult scheduling system capable of creating consult visits within MedAptus was implemented. As a result, consult charge opportunities can now be consistently capitalized on by providers and MD Anderson is able to reconcile for anything that may have been missed for appropriate follow-up.
In looking for help with charge reconciliation, MD Anderson needed a solution that provided support staff with full transparency of activity. In general, this staff consists of those tasked with reconciliation and those responsible for charge accuracy (typically coders). Regardless of organizational role, using MedAptus, staff are able to view the number of charges expected, submitted and missing at the provider, specialty and location level. They can also view the status of submitted charges as they are worked and approved by the coder group. Coders leverage the almost one million rules embedded within the MedAptus application which include Medicare edits, NCDs and LCDs as well as MedAptus proprietary and custom rules.
Once charges have been submitted for back-office review, the MedAptus configuration at MD Anderson allows charges to be "stamped" with specific data elements that are important to financial reporting across the MD Anderson enterprise. Prior to MedAptus, administrative staff needed to manually designate fields such as billing areas or revenue centers. Charge management automation has led to better staff productivity and increased accuracy of revenue reporting around this task.
Given all of the areas along the revenue cycle that charge capture and management technology can impact … still wondering why enhancing revenue cycle management processes is an IT challenge?
Rick Little is responsible for the implementation of software products and ongoing customer support services at MedAptus, including the implementation of MedAptus' software solution at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.


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How student loans impact romantic relationships
Even if you wish it were not the case, student loans impact romantic relationships in one way or another. You may be coupled up, discussing marriage with your partner, or you've already tied the knot. In any case, you and your significant other have likely talked about finances, including your — or their — student loan debt. And if you haven't, now's the time so that there are no hidden financial surprises down the line.
But some people avoid these discussions. In fact, according to TD Bank's fifth annual Love & Money survey, 27 percent of Millennials currently keep a financial secret from their significant other — more than any other generation. The good news, however, is that since 2015, Millennials are communicating more about money — 21 percent more, and more than other generations. These days, almost all Millennial couples, 94 percent, discuss money together at least once a week.
At the same time, however, TD Bank's Love & Money survey also discovered that Millennials are still more likely than other generations to argue with their significant others about money. Almost 40 percent of respondents 23-to-38 said they fight about finances at least once a week versus 14 percent of Gen Xers. On top of which, one third of Millennials would consider leaving their significant other over a financial secret.
Having "The Money Talk" With Your Significant Other Is Key
"When couples are sharing dreams and spending time together, it's a matter of time before the subject of money comes up," Julie Spira, founder of Cyber-Dating Expert, tells Pillar. "Perhaps one person has an 800 credit score, while the other is struggling financially, with student loans hanging over their head."
She says that while many hope love is unconditional, attitudes toward saving and spending money can make or break a relationship. "For this reason, when you know the relationship is getting serious, it's time to have the money talk," Spira says. "The way I suggest bringing it up is to say how proud you were to have attended [insert name of college], and while you wish you had a full scholarship, or that your family could have written a check in full, you were one of many who needed to get a student loan."
Then she suggests that you pause and let your partner digest the news. "They may ask you questions as to what the balance is, or what your plans are to pay it off," Spira says. "You also might have a supportive partner who will ask you how they can help, because you're a team."
She says that many people fear the "money talk," though. "Just hearing the word 'debt' of any kind can send someone running for the hills," she says. "Your partner might think that you're financially irresponsible if the student debt is enormous, and they might not want to take on the burden of responsibility for a loan created before meeting and coupling up. But asking your partner for help and advice will bring you closer in the long run."
For instance, perhaps you two will cut back on certain expenses and create a joint budget if you think your plans include being together. But, at the same time, you can also talk about creating something more fun, like a vacation fund.
When You And Your Partner Have Different Perspectives On Debt
Bonnie Way, who runs The Koala Mom, says that student loans have definitely affected her and her husband's relationship. Although they were able to finish their first degrees, before marriage, without student loans, after having their first two kids (of five), they both went back to school. "We used student loans to cover our expenses — housing, tuition, and more — during those three years," she tells Pillar.
At one point, about halfway through their degrees, Way and her husband had a big fight about whether she should continue her degree — which meant them going into more debt. "I dislike debt; he's less concerned about it," she says. "To me, student loans are an unfortunate reality that helped us get through those four years of our life. To him, it seemed like free money. So we got angry and yelled at each other and I cried and he won the fight — I finished my degree and we racked up more debt."
They graduated with five separate student loans between them and have since paid off her part-time student loan — which was a couple thousand dollars — and one of her other loans, thanks to an inheritance from her grandfather. After several years of making payments on her loan, it is now under $10,000, Way says.
However, her husband has struggled to find work since graduation and still owes almost 10 times as much on his loans — and has never made payments on them. "When he lost one job after two-and-a-half years, we were able to get repayment assistance with both of our loans, and pay nothing for now," she says. "But I worry about how I will pay off his loan if something were to happen to him. Our different perspectives on debt and our student loans is a source of tension and stress that we rarely discuss."
Making A Payment Action Plan Is Key
Daniel J. Mendelson, owner and CEO of BYE Student Loan Debt wrote a book, also titled BYE Student Loan Debt, all about how he and his wife eliminated six figures, $150,000, in student loans within five years.
He tells Pillar that a casual afternoon three months into their relationship turned into a several-hour financial discussion when she casually mentioned she had six figures of student loan debt. "This was the very beginning of us planning our financial future, which always starts with open communication," he says. "The initial discussion was very shocking for me personally, as I had significantly less debt. For her, she felt as if I was intruding on her privacy a bit as I started asking numerous questions about the terms of her loans and her plan of action." But in the end, they reached a good place, he says, where they agreed to come up with a plan together and have ongoing regular discussions about their financial situation and future goals.
When they first met, Mendelson says his now-wife had about $100,000 in student loan debt and he had about $10,000. "However, after two masters and interest accruing during our MBA, that total debt ballooned to $150,0000 in spite of me paying off my $10,000 in debt," he says. "We eliminated this debt in five years through hard work and diligence, frugal living, and constant planning and communication."
"I would say that the worst part about hiding or delaying an important discussion like this is that it will likely add more stress than openly discussing the problem," he says. "If you are in a committed and loving relationship, you will figure out a plan and work through it together. Unfortunately, many do not, and the problem will likely only get worse if there is a lack of communication and transparency in a relationship."
Making Extra Student Loan Payments Can Help Eliminate Them Faster
Kristine Thorndyke, teacher and founder of Test Prep Nerds, tells Pillar that she and her boyfriend both have/had student loans. "His was much larger than mine ($50,000 initially and $22,000 now), and he is still paying his off monthly," she says. "I recently was able to pay all of mine, $20,000, off and use that expense as a purchase on a credit card, in which I received 80,000 points for travel/flights."
As far as discussing their student loan debt, Thorndyke says they both knew about each other's student loans pretty early on in their relationship. "Although we never spoke about specific numbers, I knew that he was paying his off without any problems and he knew mine was quite low and that I'd be able to pay my student loans off within the next couple of years," she says.
When the couple did have a conversation about the loans, it happened organically, Thorndyke says. "I'm an open book and was explaining how I had student loans — but the minimum payments were low — so I was trying to pay them off more aggressively because I didn't like having debt. I think he, in turn, felt obligated to divulge a bit more about his loans, saying that his minimum payments were significantly higher." She adds that neither of their reactions were shock, and she thinks this is because their debt amounts were not intimidatingly large.
Thorndyke says it took her seven years to pay off her student loans. "I would pay double the minimum payment automatically each month and then, at random intervals when I had extra savings, I would make one-time payments," she says. "I had been raised not to have debt, which, of course there is good debt and bad debt, but for me, it felt like a load off my shoulders each time I cut down that principal balance." Although she does not contribute to her boyfriend's loans, if he suddenly was not able to make the payments, she says she would help out until he was back on his feet.
Your Relationship Should Not Just Be Based On Each Other's Bank Balances
"Most singles hope to find someone who's baggage-free, but there really isn't a perfect person or situation," Spira says. "If you're sharing a bed and planning a future together, having a serious talk about money, loans, and credit are crucial to the long-term success of your relationship." She adds that whether someone has medical issues, financial issues, or has a great job one day, and suddenly finds themselves unemployed, these are things that happen in the game of life. "While I hear people say they're looking for someone who is financially secure, situations change, and if your relationship is based solely on your bank balance, you are with a partner who isn't there for the long haul," Spira says.


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Q: autofill textbox based on user input I'm extremely new to ASP.NET and came across a problem I have yet to figure out. On my Default.aspx page, I have a place where users can signup. This just takes to fields - Email and Password. When the submit button is clicked, they are taking to Signup.aspx, which shows a bigger signup form with fields for username, email, password, confirm password, etc. I would like to auto fill my email and password textboxes with those of the Default.aspx page that the user has entered. Is this possible? I'm using Microsoft Visual Web Developer 2010 Express.

A: There are multiple ways to do that.

*

*One way is to use querystring to navigate to like :
http://example.com/Signup.aspx?email=value1&password=value2
and get value on Signup.aspx  Page_Load event like :
String email = Request.QueryString["email"];
String password = Request.QueryString["password"];
and assign to your text box controls like:
txtEmail.text =email;
txtPassword=password;
But posting password as clear text in query string is not good practice.

*

*Other way is to get HTTP POST information from the source page:

*

*In the source page, include a form element that contains HTML elements (such as input       or textarea) or ASP.NET server controls (such as TextBox or DropDownList controls) that post values when the form is submitted.

*In the target page, read the Form collection, which returns a dictionary of name/value pairs, one pair for each posted value. e.g.

//
void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    System.Text.StringBuilder displayValues =
        new System.Text.StringBuilder();
    System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection
        postedValues = Request.Form;
    String nextKey;
    for(int i = 0; i < postedValues.AllKeys.Length; i++)
    {
        nextKey = postedValues.AllKeys[i];
        if(nextKey.Substring(0, 2) != "__")
        {
            displayValues.Append("<br>");
            displayValues.Append(nextKey);
            displayValues.Append(" = ");
            displayValues.Append(postedValues[i]);
        }
    }
   Label1.Text = displayValues.ToString();
}

*

*Best & easiest I think is to use Session:
on Submitbutton_click event of Default.aspx, save values to Session like:
Session["Email"] = txtEmail.text;
Session["Password"]=txtPassword.text;
and retrieve values on Signup.aspx Page_load event like:
string email = (string)(Session["Email"]);
string password = (string)(Session["Password"]);
& assign to your control/textbox like:
txtEmail.text =email;
txtPassword=password;
There are more ways too to retrieve value from previous page like PreviousPage.FindControl("txtEmail") but I never like them.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ERKKI-SVEN TÜÜR "MYTHOS" INTERNATIONAL RELEASE DATE: FRIDAY 13 MARCH
PAAVO JÄRVI AND THE ESTONIAN FESTIVAL ORCHESTRA CELEBRATE THE 60TH BIRTHDAY OF A CLOSE FRIEND & COLLEAGUE
"Paavo has been conducting my music since the beginning of the 1990's. He has recorded three portrait albums of my music, has been the initiator of many works and conducted a large number of world premieres."
Paavo Järvi and the Estonian Festival Orchestra's second album on Alpha Classics is dedicated to the music of Erkki-Sven Tüür and features recordings of three works recorded live in concert in Estonia between 2016 and 2019. The album is released this March to celebrate Tüür's 60th birthday.
Tüür's 9th Symphony – Mythos, which forms the centre piece of the album and is dedicated to Paavo Järvi, was recorded live at its 2018 world premiere performance in Tallinn celebrating 100 years of Estonian Independence. Both Incantation of Tempest (dedicated to Veljo Tormis) and Sow the Wind were recorded live in 2016 and 2019 respectively at the Pärnu Music Festival, home of the Estonian Festival Orchestra on the Baltic Sea.
"What should I say about the music?" asks Erkki-Sven Tüür. "I believe that music has to have everything – overwhelming power, illuminating light, endless gentleness and the deepest darkness. Fury, pain, remorse. Everything that makes us human. And the tender touch of redeeming love. I hope you can find all this on the new collection."
Paavo Järvi and Erkki-Sven Tüür first met in the 1970's in Tallinn, becoming firm friends with a shared passion for percussion. In 1979 Tüür founded the progressive rock band In Spe, and invited the then 17 year old Paavo to join the band. But Järvi's budding rock career was thwarted when his family emigrated to the States in 1980 where he went on to study conducting at the Los Angeles Philharmonic Institute with Leonard Bernstein. Back in Estonia Tüür's band became a national success in the Soviet Union, alongside which he studied composing with Jaan Rääts (at the Tallinn Conservatoire) and Lepo Sumera (privately) and then went on to pursue his interest in electronic music in Karlsruhe. By the late 1980's Tüür had embarked wholeheartedly on his path as a composer and is today widely regarded as one of Estonia's leading composers, alongside Arvo Pärt. It was not until after Estonian Independence that Paavo Järvi was able to return to his homeland and since that time, the two friends have collaborated on numerous projects both at home and abroad.
"The strong relationship which Erkki-Sven Tüür and I have had for over forty years now, has been one of the pivotal points in my musical life. I consider him to be one of the greatest living composers and am particularly happy that this anniversary release features the world premiere performance of his important 9th symphony. This album also draws together all the elements that are most important to me in my work with the Estonian Festival Orchestra – bringing new life, energy and visibility to Estonia."
PAAVO JÄRVI
The Estonian Festival Orchestra, which was founded by Paavo Järvi in 2011 as the resident orchestra of the Pärnu Music Festival, regularly collaborates with Erkki-Sven Tüür and champions his music both at home and on tour. The long dreamed of ambition by Järvi to create a hand picked orchestra, bringing together the best of Estonian talent and leading musicians from around the world, has since led to international acclaim: "definitely one of the world's great orchestras" (The Arts Desk, UK), "with a truly breathtaking energy and virtuosity" (Diapason, France) where "there are no egos, but truly passionate people in making and listening to the best music" (El Pais, Spain) and where "year after year you can see and hear the artists evolve, open up, listen to each other" (Die Welt, Germany). The Estonian Festival Orchestra will perform at this year's Pärnu Music Festival on 19, 22 and 23 July.
The new album is released on Friday March 13 to coincide with Paavo Jävi's performances with the Tonhalle Orchester Zürich where Erkki-Sven Tüür is currently this year's "Creative Chair" composer in focus. This Spring also sees the the UK premiere of Mythos, Symphony No. 9 in London with the BBC Symphony Orchestra and Olari Elts (24 March), the US premiere of Tüür's Missa Brevis at Carnegie Hall with Collegium Musicale (30 March), the world premiere of his Violin Concerto No. 3 Kõnelused Tundmatuga (Talks with the Unkown), which will be performed by Vadim Gluzman and the Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra (15 May) and a new work for strings to be premiered in Glasgow as a part of the Bridge Festival (16 May).
andres2020-02-17T17:05:06+00:00February 17th, 2020|Upcoming Event|


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This style of standing light has a black base and body with dots of multi coloured beades. Ideal as this can be placed anywhere in your home.
Size 6 foot x 12" on a black metal stand. Twist on and off switch.


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text:
GUEST POST: Again 'Facing the Challenge of a New Age'; Reflecting on 50 years after Martin Luther King in Jamaica
GUEST POST by Dr E. Anthony Allen
I entered the University of the West Indies in 1960 as a medical student. This fledgling institution was then only twelve years old. During my time there I had the privilege of associating with other 'students of the sixties'. As we walked the campus paths we prepared ourselves and dreamed of a future. Eventually, together with staff, relatives and well-wishers, we gathered in the Assembly Hall in June 1965 for a very special Valedictory Service. The Rev Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. would deliver the sermon.
During that early part of the sixties era, Jamaica and the Caribbean had begun the journey of post-colonial 'becoming'. We as students, along with other citizens, were seeking to define our personal and collective identities and sense of mission. Yet we confronted the wall of negative psychic messages and the persisting economic sabotage of alien oppression, past and present, local and global. Exploitative capitalism, classism and racism seemed to reign supreme.
As one caught up in that struggle, and together with others on the Chapel Management Committee, (which included chaplains, staff and faculty representatives), I was very much convinced of the role of the Chapel and of a shared Faith in a God of History as critical centres of influence in our journey. The Valedictory Service would be an ideal setting for collective reflection and commitment on the part of graduates going out to lead and make a future.
Beyond the glitter of a just received Nobel peace prize, the inspirational life of Dr. Martin Luther King urged on us the timely opportunity to have him come to articulate the needed message for our time and for us to meet one who was himself a model of this message.
Indeed, as we sat together in anticipation at the Assembly Hall, we were gripped with the hope that the higher principle of love seeking to transform discordant human factions into a 'beloved community' was the only way forward. The fact that protests against unjust laws and systems need to be relentless was the very life of this man. Yet the most powerful tools of non-violence and love were presented to us as the necessary and effective means – these weapons driven by a dream of global harmony and justice transcending racism, oppression, poverty and war.
Over subsequent decades, all of those present have been contributors, in some way, to the Caribbean journey. Many have been leaders and innovators, carrying the 'King' dream into all walks of life. As we look back at the changing landscape of fifty years, doubtless his message, life and influence have made an indelible mark on how we fulfilled the task of piloting our collective socio-political and spiritual development. We need to do the research about this impact in the same way as we have with Marcus Garvey.
Nevertheless, in today's era, the monsters of the early sixties again rear their heads in new ways. The 'one-percenters'? state corruption, neglect and terrorism? divisive populist politicians? dons?, shottas? persistent poverty? persistent bleaching cream? ISIS?. How ready are our young students and graduates to make a difference? Who will now articulate the message that helped to motivate us in 1965? Let us who were there, and have been on the battlefield as activists and change agents in our own way, keep passing to successive generations the baton of boldly 'Facing the Challenge of a New Age' (the theme of Dr. King's message).
As they face the new enemies of the true emancipation of 'the wretched of the earth', these generations can then internalize the words spoken on June 1965:
"…And so you look at him (the enemy) with understanding and somehow you love him and you work as you boycott, as you picket, as you demonstrate, as you sit in with the final idea of redeeming that man not annihilating him; and bringing about a society of brotherhood and understanding where all men will live together as brothers. And so this is the challenge facing the world, indeed the challenge facing the world is made real in this island: 'Out of Many One People'. This is the great new challenge of mankind and until America learns this and till all the nations of the world learn this we will all border on destruction."
Dr Allen, then on the Chapel Management Committee, made the suggestion that Rev Dr King be invited to speak at the UWI Valedictory Service.
E.Anthony Allen
Rev Dr Martin Luther King Jr
the UWI
The UWI Museum
UWIMAA CANADIAN CHAPTER


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To hold something as true. Example: I accept she may have been tired, but that's still no excuse.
To receive something willingly. Example: I accept this award on behalf of the whole cast.
To answer yes (especially to an invitation). Example: The minister would love to accept the invitation to your ball, but she has a prior engagement.
Accept is not possible in this case.


text:
Showing articles tagged Maybach Music Group
New Music: Wale – "Summer League" feat. Kanye West & Ty Dolla $ign
Russell V | March 23, 2015
Wale's The Album About Nothing arrives next week (March 31st) courtesy of MMG. And despite being a bonus track Wale is sharing his Kanye West and Ty Dolla $ign featured cut "Summer League" which is making its rounds on the radio. Check it out after the jump!
Tag: 2015, Kanye West, Maybach Music Group, MMG, new music, Summer League, The Album About Nothing, ty dolla sign, Wale
New Music: Rick Ross & Fat Trel – "Trap Queen" (Remix)
Russell V | March 8, 2015
Miami and DC join forces to take on New Jersey on the "Trap Queen" remix. Fetty Wap's "Trap Queen" is a smash hit and is getting big time radio play, despite being released last spring. Rick Ross and Fat Trel have decided its better to be late than never. Listen to Rozay's and Trel's remix of "Trap Queen" after the jump.
Tag: 2015, DC, Fat Trel, Fetty Wap, Maybach Music Group, Miami, MMG, New Jersey, new music, remix, Tracks, Trap Queen
Video: Rick Ross – "Movin' Bass" feat. Jay Z
With Hood Billionaire out and fellow MMG member Wale next up (The Album About Nothing drops March 31st; peep "MMG Under God" here) Rozay links up with Jay Z for the "Movin' Bass" visuals. Timbaland laced the track, Jigga laid down a verse, and now we're getting the official video some months later. Interestingly enough Jay ain't even blessing the video, as we find Rozay all alone around a NYC project housing community. Either way, Rick Ross does his thing. Check it out after the jump.
Tag: 2015, Hood Billionaire, Jay-Z, Maybach Music Group, MMG, Movin' Bass, Rick Ross, Rozay, Timbaland, Video
Video: Wale – "MMG Under God"
Wale's forthcoming studio album The Album About Nothing arrives March 31st and the rollout officially begins here with the visuals to "MMG Under God." Later today Wale is also said to share his Usher featured "The Matrimony." But, in the meantime peep the new Wale video for "MMG Under God" and stay tuned for "The Matrimony" which we shall be posting. Get at "MMG Under God" after the jump.
Tag: 2015, Maybach Music Group, MMG, MMG Under God, Rick Ross, The Album About Nothing, Video, Wale
New Music: Gunplay – "Scuffed Timbs" Feat. Rick Ross (Prod. Timbaland)
Russell V | December 17, 2014
That awkward moment when a track leaks featuring people currently beefing. That's the case here, as MMG representatives Gunplay and Rick Ross go over a Timbaland produced track. Nonetheless, both Gunplay and Rozay hold their own over a complex Timbo beat. Peep "Scuffed Timbs" after the jump.
Tag: 2014, Gunplay, Maybach Music Group, MMG, new music, Rick Ross, Scuffed Timbs, Timbaland, Tracks
Meek Mill Has Officially Been Released From Prison; New Album Forthcoming
Russell V | December 2, 2014
Meek Mill is a free man. His new album Dreams Worth More Than Money is on the way!
Read more on the story after the jump.
Tag: 2014, Dreams Worth More Than Money, home, Maybach Music Group, Meek Mill, MMG, Philadelphia, Prison
New Music: Rick Ross – "All About the Money" (Remix)
Troy Ave's hit "All About the Money" receives a boss treatment via new verse from Rick Ross. The Hood Billionaire rapper has contributed a standard, yet very apropos braggadocio verse onto Troy Ave's buzzing street single featuring Manolo Rose. Listen after the jump.
Tag: 2014, All About The Money, Hood Billionaire, Manolo Rose, Maybach Music Group, MMG, new music, Rick Ross, Rozay, Tracks, Troy Ave
Rick Ross Shares Photos of Meek Mill Posted Up in Jail
Russell V | September 27, 2014
#FreeMeekMill.
Read more after the jump!
Tag: 2014, Dreams Worth More Than Money, jail, Maybach Music Group, Meek Mill, MMG, News, Rick Ross
Album Review: Rick Ross – Mastermind
Hopp Pilgrim | March 10, 2014
Category: Features, Reviews
Tag: Album Review, Diddy, French Montana, Mastermind, Maybach Music Group, Meek Mill, MMG, Notorious B.I.G., Rick Ross
iHipHop Exclusive Video Interview: Gunplay Talks Life Sentence Acquittal, Swastika Tattoo, Fake Rappers & More
jGerson | December 4, 2013
"There's not many artists that beat a life sentence on surveillance camera in front of the world…I'm the first and probably the last to do that," remarks Gunplay while explaining why he is worthy of the title "Living Legend."
Category: Features, iHipHop Exclusive, Interviews, Videos
Tag: Gunplay, iHipHop Exclusive, interview, Living Legend, Maybach Music Group, MMG, Rick Ross, Videos
Maybach Music Group "Self Made Vol. 3" (Tracklist)
Dan Troisi | August 26, 2013
MMG releases the official tracklisting for third installment in their Self Made compilation series, dropping September 17. Read More
Category: Track Lists
Tag: Birdman, Fabolous, French Montana, Gunplay, Hit-boy, Lil Snupe, Lil' Boosie, Lupe Fiasco, Maybach Music Group, Meek Mill, MMG, Omarion, Pusha T, Rick Ross, Rockie Fresh, Self Made Vol.3, Stalley, Torch, Wale, Yo Gotti
New Music: Rockie Fresh "God Is Great"
Dan Troisi | June 3, 2013
Boi-1da blesses Rockie Fresh with some fire production for the first single off Self Made 3. Read More
Tag: Boi-1da, Maybach Music Group, MMG, Rockie Fresh, Self Made 3, Self Made Vol.3
Maybach Music Group "Self Made Vol. 3" (Cover)
Rozay and company announce the third installment in their Self Made compilation series. Drops August 6.
Category: Art, Covers, News
Tag: Maybach Music Group, Meek Mill, MMG, Omarion, Rick Ross, Rockie Fresh, Stalley, Wale
Photos: Meek Mill @ Roseland Ballroom, NYC
jGerson | April 8, 2013
Meek Mill headlined New York City's Roseland Ballroom on April 7, 2013 where he also showcased artists on his newly established label, Dreamchasers Records. While Meek took the crown for best performance of the night, Louie V Gutta, Lee Mazin, Lil Snupe, Jordan, Square Off, Pain N Da Ass, and Trips N Slim also won over the crowd. Also in attendance were Diddy, Cassie, and Cory Gunz. All photos by Bernard Smalls.
Category: Features, Pics, Slideshows
Tag: Cassie, Cory Gunz, Diddy, Lee Mazin, Lil Snupe, Louie V Gutta, Maybach Music Group, Meek Mill, MMG, photos, Rick Ross, Slideshow, Trips N Slim
Video: Rick Ross "Don't Kill My Vibe" (Freestyle)
Dan Troisi | April 4, 2013
Rozay drops off a visual for his take on Kendrick's smash "B*tch Don't Kill My Vibe."
Tag: Kendrick Lamar, Maybach Music Group, MMG, Rick Ross


Today, Facebook with its tremendous user friendly characteristics is considered the most optimized social networking sites available today. The company has announced further growths to its privacy settings features. Now the users can choose among 22 distinct privacy settings and ensure safer browsing on Facebook.
The main concern of all social networking websites is security. Facebook has frequently sparked arguments involving transparency of its privacy settings. The lot of characteristics being incorporated in Facebook, users has been at wit's end trying to manage privacy settings of all the new additions. Your photographs, your personal data and all the information you value about yourself are up in your Facebook, if not evidently in the profile, then embedded someplace in the distinct features and applications. The following is the explanation of Facebook introduces enhanced privacy setting features.
This is frequently a concern we feel when browsing Facebook. We have friends and they have their friends and in the larger web of users, you never understand who stumbles across your profile. The big inquiry is do you want any Facebook user to glimpse one-by-one data in your profile? Most preferably, we want only our friends to see personal stuff, but some part of your profile is accessible to unidentified users. The enhanced privacy settings, the selective display of your profile is possible. You can set 'Who can see my future posts?' to 'Friends'. This is updated from your homepage as well. You can use the Activity Log to analyze all tagged posts.
The new filter can assists you choose who sends you messages more efficiently than the old 'who can send you Facebook messages' setting. Under 'Whose messages do I want filtered into my Inbox?' you can select Rudimentary Filtering, which is recommended. It permits your friends and 'people you may know' send you messages. You can choose Strict Filter which permits only friends send you messages. You can select 'Everyone' / 'Friends of Friends' in the 'Who can send me friend requests' section.
How Do I Halt Somebody From Bothering Me?
Every Facebook user has had his fair share of unwanted persons talking their profiles/ disturbing at strange hours. You can block any such person to un-friend them and prevent them from seeing your Facebook Timeline.
You can select 'Friends' or 'No one' in the 'who can post on your timeline' section to prevent unwanted messages. You can turn the tagging review feature on so that you can approve a tagged post/ image before it goes up in your timeline.
How Can I Organize Tags People Add and Tagging Suggestions?
You can customize who can see posts you are tagged in. You can turn off the tag suggestions so that people are not prompted to tag your when they upload a picture that looks like you.
The above settings new privacy features, there is no doubt that Facebook is a safer website. Nevertheless, you need to be capable to customize all the settings so that they give you maximum security.


text:
Lacoste est une commune française située dans le département de Vaucluse, en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

La commune fait partie du périmètre du parc naturel régional du Luberon.

Géographie

Lacoste est un village de Vaucluse, à quelques kilomètres de Bonnieux, Ménerbes, Goult et Gordes.

Les villes les plus proches sont Apt (10 km), Cavaillon (21 km) et L'Isle-sur-Sorgue (22 km).

Accès et transports

On y accède depuis la Nationale 100 par la  et depuis Ménerbes par la .

La gare TGV la plus proche est la gare d'Avignon TGV. La commune est desservie par les sorties de l'autoroute A7 à Avignon sud ou Cavaillon.

Relief

Le village est posé sur le flanc nord d'un contrefort du petit Luberon et bénéficie d'une exposition est (soleil levant) qui le protège en grande partie du mistral, avec son ancien château au sommet. Cette position lui offre, depuis le château et les maisons du vieux village, une superbe vue sur la plaine de Bonnieux, le mont Ventoux et les Alpes.

La commune s'étend jusqu'au sommet où se trouve la forêt des cèdres au sud et descend vers la plaine du Calavon au nord.

Géologie

Le petit Luberon est constitué d'une zone très large de calcaires marneux coupés par des bancs de calcaire plus durs (Néocomien) formant de grandes falaises. Sur le versant nord dont la commune de Lacoste fait partie, c'est le barrémien qui occupe la plus grande surface.

Hydrographie

Quelques ruisseaux traversent la commune, pour se jeter dans le Calavon.

Sismicité

Les cantons de Bonnieux, Apt, Cadenet, Cavaillon, et Pertuis sont classés en zone Ib (risque faible). Tous les autres cantons du département de Vaucluse sont classés en zone Ia (risque très faible). Ce zonage correspond à une sismicité ne se traduisant qu'exceptionnellement par la destruction de bâtiments.

Climat
La commune est située dans la zone d'influence du climat méditerranéen. Après une année 2007 caractérisée par une très faible pluviométrie, 435 mm d'eau en pays d'Apt, 2008 avec  mm, soit 2,8 fois plus, se place juste derrière l'année 1968. Quant à la moyenne des températures, elle augmente de 0,5°, l'hiver et le printemps ayant été très doux. Le temps pluvieux a affecté la durée de l'ensoleillement avec une centaine d'heures en dessous de la normale.

Urbanisme

Typologie
Lacoste est une commune rurale, car elle fait partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.
La commune est en outre hors attraction des villes.

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols de la commune, telle qu'elle ressort de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover (CLC), est marquée par l'importance des territoires agricoles (49,4 % en 2018), néanmoins en diminution par rapport à 1990 (59,4 %). La répartition détaillée en 2018 est la suivante :
forêts (41,2 %), zones agricoles hétérogènes (37,4 %), terres arables (12 %), zones urbanisées (9,4 %).

L'IGN met par ailleurs à disposition un outil en ligne permettant de comparer l'évolution dans le temps de l'occupation des sols de la commune (ou de territoires à des échelles différentes). Plusieurs époques sont accessibles sous forme de cartes ou photos aériennes : la carte de Cassini (), la carte d'état-major (1820-1866) et la période actuelle (1950 à aujourd'hui).

Histoire

Préhistoire et antiquité

La période préhistorique a laissé de nombreuses traces sur tout le territoire. Dans la Grotte de la Combe Buisson ont été identifiées deux périodes d'occupation. La première couche correspondait au paléolithique supérieur (-35 000 ans). Elle a livré un outillage caractéristique de silex taillés (burins, grattoirs, lamelles à dos, lames retouchées, pointes). L'autre niveau appartenait à l'épipaléolithique. Son « ambiance mésolithique » l'a fait dater entre –9 000 et –6 000. La fouille a mis au jour des microlithes (triangles, denticulés, encoches). Non moins intéressant est le site de plein air de la Font Pourquière – le seul de ce type dans le Luberon – que son outillage (lamelles et poinçons à face plane) rend contemporain de la période solutréenne (-22 000 à –18 000).
Lors de la restauration du château du marquis de Sade furent mis au jour des restes d'amphores grecques à pâte jaune paille et le fond d'un dolium gallo-romain. Les carrières qui jouxtent le château ont fourni les matériaux nécessaires à la construction d'Apta Julia et de Caballio. Leurs galeries contenaient encore des amphores et une stèle votive dédiée à Belaceni Carreia. À proximité se trouvait un autel consacré au dieu Silvanus.

Moyen Âge

Le premier « castrum de Costae » est cité dès 1038, son nom est dérivé de costa (côte en latin) et les seigneurs qui le firent construire furent Robert et Farald Varacon. Leurs cousins, les Agoult-Simiane en prirent possession à la fin du . Une église dédiée à saint Trophime fut fondée en 1123 et desservie jusqu'en 1325 par les moines de l'abbaye Saint-Eusèbe de Saignon.

Renaissance

La Coste se trouvant en Provence, contrairement aux localités voisines (en Comtat Venaissin), fut rattaché à la Couronne de France dès 1481.

Cette année-là, Barthélémy de Simiane, seigneur de La Coste, est nommé viguier d'Apt par le roi Charles VIII. Le village se désertifie peu à peu, ce qui oblige son fils Balthazar à signer un acte d'habitation, en 1533, pour faire venir des familles vaudoises.

Les vaudois s'étant ralliés à la réforme en 1532, en avril 1545 une persécution est organisée contre eux par le Parlement d'Aix. Les troupes de Paulin de La Garde, sous la direction du premier président du Parlement d'Aix, Maynier, seigneur d'Oppède, pillent le village. Les terres sont confisquées, les hommes massacrés, les femmes violées avant d'être tuées. Le massacre de La Coste est un des plus horribles de cette persécution.

Période moderne

Le village dévasté sera reconstruit petit à petit au cours du . Le splendide beffroi le dominant date de 1620. Et c'est vingt-et-un ans plus tard qu'Isabelle de Simiane épouse Joseph Dominique des Balbes de Berton, marquis de Crillon. Sans descendance, en 1716, elle désigne par testament un de ses cousins comme légataire universel. Gaspard François de Sade, mari de Diane de Simiane, devient le premier marquis de La Coste. Leur fils aîné, Jean-Baptiste et son épouse Marie Eléonore de Maillé sont les parents du Divin Marquis.

À La Coste, les Sade possèdent en propre 42 hectares auxquels s'ajoutent les 15 de Bonnieux et les 64 de garrigues du Luberon. La tasque leur permet de récupérer sur leurs paysans le 1/8 des olives et des céréales, le 1/10 des raisins. Il y avait alors à La Coste 247 hectares de terres labourables et 37 de vignobles.

Le marquis de Sade y séjourna de 1769 à 1772, entre le scandale d'Arcueil et celui de Marseille, puis après celui-ci et sa fuite en Italie, s'y réfugia jusqu'à son incarcération au donjon de Vincennes en 1777. Évadé lors de son transfert à Aix, il s'y réfugiera une dernière fois du  au  avant d'être reconduit à Vincennes

C'est en 1772 que D.A.F de Sade fit ici son plus long séjour, au cours de celui-ci, il se fit construire dans son château un théâtre pouvant accueillir 120 spectateurs à chaque représentation. Tout au long de ses internements, il aura pour La Coste « un attachement extraordinaire ».

En 1792, le château est pillé. Criblé de dettes, en l'an IV de la République, Louis Sade (c'est DAF), soldat de la  des Piques de Paris, vend son château et ses terres à Rovère, député du Vaucluse, natif de Bonnieux, qui, victime du coup d'État du 18 fructidor sera déporté en Guyane où il mourra à Sinnamary en 1798.

Entretemps, le Divin marquis avait décrit son château dans La Marquise de Ganges et dans Les cent vingt journées de Sodome. Cet anticlérical notoire avait facilité la construction du temple protestant de Lacoste.

Le , maître André rédige l'acte de vente du domaine de Lacoste au sieur Pierre Grégoire, menuisier et agriculteur. Le château est acheté pour la somme de douze-cents francs à madame Marie de Belmont, veuve Rovère : .

Période contemporaine

André Breton vient à Lacoste en 1948 pour visiter les ruines du château du marquis. En parcourant les rues du village, il tombe en admiration devant les sculptures naïves du meunier Cyprien-Agricol Malachier. Il écrit sur lui un article dithyrambique qui le rend célèbre du jour au lendemain. Mais si sa gloire nouvelle ne monte point à la tête du meunier, ses œuvres placées dans le village ou sur les murs de pierres sèches, à la portée de tous, sont dérobées par quelques aigrefins. Il n'en existe plus aucune de nos jours à Lacoste.

Le château est acquis en 2001 par le couturier Pierre Cardin, consolidé et rénové, ainsi que de nombreuses maisons du village les années suivantes. Ces achats immobiliers et leurs conséquences sur la vie du village sont au cœur du film Cyril contre Goliath (2019) réalisé par Thomas Bornot et co-écrit par Cyril Montana.

Héraldique

Politique et administration

Fiscalité

La part régionale de la taxe d'habitation n'est pas applicable.

Démographie

Économie et vie locale

Le peintre Bernard Pfriem y a fondé en 1970-1971 la « Lacoste School of the Arts » (reprise par une école d'art américaine, le Savannah College of Art and Design), toujours en activité à ce jour. Le charisme de Bernard Pfriem et ses contacts dans le monde des arts lui permirent d'attirer dans son école des personnalités comme Max Ernst, Man Ray, Lee Miller, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Roland Penrose... qui séjournèrent à Lacoste pour y partager leurs expériences. C'est la plus grosse « activité » de la commune et un très important propriétaire foncier.

Le jour de marché hebdomadaire est le mardi (matin).

Anciennes carrières de tailles de pierre (dont toujours en activité).

Tourisme

Le village est doté d'un office de tourisme.

Depuis l'arrivée de Pierre Cardin, un festival estival de musique et de théâtre est organisé dans les anciennes carrières du château sous l'égide d'Ève Ruggiéri.

Agriculture
Agriculture locale :

 Cultures fruitières (dont amandes).
La commune produit des vins AOC côtes-du-luberon. Les vins qui ne sont pas en appellation d'origine contrôlée peuvent revendiquer, après agrément le label Vin de pays d'Aigues.

Au , l'agriculture principale du village tournait autour des grains et des cocons.

Sports
Un stade de foot ainsi que de nombreux chemins de randonnées.

Cultes
Les personnes de confession catholique peuvent se rendre à l'église Saint-Trophime, fondée en 1123. Les personnes de culte protestant disposaient, jusqu'en 1976, d'un temple, construit en 1883. Il est devenu propriété de la commune, qui l'utilise en tant que salle polyvalente, notamment pour des expositions.

Environnement
Plusieurs emplacements pour le tri sélectif verre.

Lieux et monuments
 Le château de Lacoste, ayant appartenu au marquis de Sade, du . Privé (Pierre Cardin), partiellement rénové.
 Ancienne carrière (pierre) où est organisé chaque été un festival de musique, également propriété de Pierre Cardin.
 Beffroi de 1793 avec campanile en fer forgé.
 Église Saint-Trophime de Lacoste du , mais aussi rues en calade, fontaine et lavoir, façades Renaissance et restes de fortifications (remparts, portes, etc.).
 Ancien temple protestant du , devenu salle communale.
 Forêt de cèdres de 207 hectares, située sur le Petit Luberon.
 Nombreuses cabanes en pierre sèche ou bories, dont l'ensemble du Mourre Blanc. On peut encore signaler l'existence, au carrefour de deux vieux chemins, sur le site du Mourre Blanc, d'une borie au plan assez singulier, dans laquelle a été creusée une cuve vinaire rupestre.

Personnalités liées à la commune
 Marquis de Sade (1740-1814), libertin et écrivain.
 Pierre Cardin (1922-2020), couturier.
 Evert Lindfors, peintre et sculpteur.
 Yasuo Mizui, sculpteur japonais.
 , sculpteur américain. Il découvre Lacoste en 1979 grâce à Bernard Pfriem. Résidant et travaillant à côté, à Ménerbes, Jedd Novatt inaugure en 2022 à Lacoste son œuvre Chaos Metagalaxia.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .
 Robert Bailly, Dictionnaire des communes du Vaucluse, Éd. A. Barthélemy, Avignon, 1986.
 Henri Fauville, La Coste – Sade en Provence, Édisud, Aix-en-Provence, 1984.

 José Appy, Laure Béraud, René Bruni, Christian Dubost, Jean-Pierre Muret, Georges Pons..., Lacoste et le château de Sade, Éditions Luberon, Lauris, 2007.

Articles connexes
 Liste des communes de Vaucluse
 Forêt des Cèdres

Liens externes

 Lacoste sur le site de l'Institut géographique national
 Article du Monde portant sur la transformation du village menée par Pierre Cardin

 Office de Tourisme Lacoste

Commune membre du Parc naturel régional du Luberon
Village perché en Vaucluse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
The End of Coal: A Vision of the Future
19 - 22 Nov 2015, All Day
Atelier Tammam, London
Hazel Adams
The event will include a private view on the evening 19th which will run from 6-8pm.
Atelier Tammam
5 Hastings Street
London, WC1H 9PZ
Young artists from across the UK re-envision what the UK could look like without coal power
Through a variety of mediums young artists from across the UK will re-envision what the country could look like without coal power, explore the arguments for the phase-out of coal and offer a positive vision for a clean energy future.
As the UK heads for a record low in coal consumption in 2015, and the UK government looks to phase out the dirty energy source entirely, emerging artists will envisioning a coal free future. Artworks will vary from 2D work to audio/visual displays and will tackle issues from coal's impact on health to its impact on the natural environment.
Hidden beneath a trap door of a ethical fashion store in Bloomsbury, the exhibition will be brought to life by its industrial setting.
The exhibition will include a private view on Thursday 19th November between 6pm and 8pm.
Due to the constraints of being held in a basement we are sorry to say there will be no disabled access.
climate change, exhibition, imagination, London


text:
Q: Laravel selecting all rows just once if same some_id Suppose I have a product table in which there are those columns: id, user_id
How can I retrieve all the rows of this table just once if two rows have the same user_id in Laravel?

A: This will return all columns in the product model without any duplicates of user_id. So, it will return, just one row per user_id.
$productModel->groupBy('user_id')->get();