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KNAUTIA ARVENSIS
'Field Scabious' (KNAUTIA ARVENSIS) - bluish-lilac flowers in long-stalked flat heads; Druce found this (under the name SCABIOSA ARVENSIS) as common and generally distributed in cultivated fields and hedgebanks but partial to sandy soils in Buckinghamshire a century ago; nowadays it is common at roadsides (where this was photographed) and chalk grassland in Buckinghamshire (Maycock & Woods)
Involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate, hairy, in 2 rows, shorter than flowers
Flower-head in bud
Stem-leaves usually deeply pinnatifid with an elliptical terminal segment and linear-oblong lateral segments
Undersides of leaves both upper and lower surfaces +/- hairy
Some of the uppermost leaves usually +/- entire
Basal leaves in an overwintering rosette from the base of the old flowering stem, short-stalked, commonly simple, sometimes lyrate-pinnatifid, entire or crenate toothed
'Spear Thistle' (CIRSIUM VULGARE)
Druce found this (under the name CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM) very common and generally distributed in waysides, hedges, pastures, newly cleared or open woods in Buckinghamshire a century ago; nowadays it is very common in rank grassland, waste places & roadsides in the county (Maycock & Woods)
Heads 3-5 x 2-4cm, ovoid-oblong, solitary or 2-3 in a cluster, short-stalked; florets pale red-purple
Involucre slightly cottony, its bracts green, lanceolate-acuminate with long neither ciliate nor dilated point recurved and spine-tipped in the outer, erect and scarious in the inner bracts
Young flower-head
Note spine-tipped bracts
Upper surface of leaf
Lower surface of leaf - basal leaves 15-30cm., obovate-lanceolate in outline narrowed into a short stalk-like base, +/- deeply pinnatifid and undulate with segments usually 2-lobed, the upper lobe toothed near the base, the lower entire, lobes and teeth tipped with long stout spines
stems leaves similar to basal leaves but sessile and decurrent, with a long narrow terminal segment; all prickly-hairy above, rough or cottony beneath
Lower stem
PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA
TRAGOPOGON PRATENSIS
'Goat's-Beard' or 'Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon' (TRAGOPOGON PRATENSIS); Druce found this to be not uncommon and widely distributed in meadows, waysides and railway banks, preferring sunny places in Buckinghamshire a century ago
Involucre of 8 or more equal lanceolate-acuminate bracts
'Ribwort Plantain' (PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA)
I had not appreciated how beautiful the spikes of plantains were - the anthers are lilac or white, supposedly with purple filaments but that is not the case above
Prominent stamens at top of inflorescence; Druce, who knew this as 'Rib-grass Plantain', found it ubiquitous in pastures by roadsides, in waste and cultivated ground in Buckinghamshire a century ago. Pleasing that such a common plant is considerably more interesting and attractive than I had realised. Just goes to show one should ALWAYS look more closely.
I must admit to having never examined the flowers of plantains closely using a hand-lens, so was surprised to find the corolla lobes ovate, acute, with a prominent brown midrib; it is refreshing to observe features of plants missed or should I say "dismissed" before as one tends to view this genus as rather 'weedy' with unattractive flowers, whereas close-up, they are far from that. The wonders that digital photography allows us to enjoy m- along with getting out into the field at the right time of year
'Bird'sfoot-trefoil' or 'Bacon and Eggs' (LOTUS CORNICULATUS)
Druce found this abundantly and generally distributed in pastures, sunny banks, roadsides, chalk downs and commons in Buckinghamshire a century ago
Yellow flowers, shortly pedicelled; heads 2-6-flowered
Flowers often tipped or streaked with red
Calyx-teeth triangular, erect in bud, two upper with an obtuse sinus
Camping amongst Bird'sfoot trefoil or Eggs-and-Bacon
Yellow flowers often streaked or tipped with red
VICIA SEPIUM
'Bush Vetch' (VICIA SEPIUM)
Druce found this rather common and widely distributed in hedges and wooded places in Buckinghamshire a century ago with it being very common on wood-borders on the chalk (which is where I found this specimen at Little Kimble)
Flowers pale purple
Calyx darker, teeth unequal
Stipules half-arrow-shaped; leaflets 5-9 pairs, mucronate
This vetch grew amongst lush vegetation, whereas the above form was beside a recently built fence along a footpath. My first thought was that it might be a different species but it does seem to come within VICIA SEPIUM, though just goes to show how much variation can exist
It is certainly 'hairer' and whilst the full 'Flora of the British Isles' gives flower colour as pale purple, Phillips in 'Wild Flowers of Britain says purple to blue
'Hairy Tare' (VICIA HIRSUTA)
Druce recorded this as locally common and widely distributed in Buckinghamshire a century ago in hedges, bushy places, sandy fields, railway banks, preferring sunny, dry places; racemes 1-9-flowered; flowers dirty white or purplish only 4-5mmm
4-8 (sometimes up to 10) small (5-12mm) alternate, linear-oblong leaflets; tendrils usually branched; stipules often 4-lobed
'Common Vetch' (VICIA SATIVA)
Druce found this to be rather common and generally distributed but rarely permanent in cultivated fields, field-sides and waste places in Buckinghamshire a century ago; he did not consider it necessary to give localities since the plant was frequent, being here to-day and gone tomorrow and rarely succeeded in establishing itself; flowers solitary or in pairs, purple; calyx teeth sub-equal
Stipules half-arrow-shaped, toothed or entire, often with a DISTINCTIVE dark blotch
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'Germander Speedwell' also known as 'Cuckoo Eye', 'Bird's Eye' and 'Cat's Eye' (VERONICA CHAMAEDRYS)
Druce found this abundant and generally distributed in hedgebanks and wood borders, preferring shelter but with free sun exposure on porous soils in Buckinghamshire a century ago; racemes, long-stalked, lax from the axils of leaves; corolla deep bright blue with white eye
Calyx-lobes +/- lanceolate, hairy
Stems prostrate and rooting at nodes, ascending above, with long white hairs in two lines on opposite sides
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'Cat's Ear' (HYPOCHAERIS RADICATA)
Florets bright yellow, exceeding the involucre; the ligules about 4 times as long as borad bracts lanceolate-acuminate, dull green, bristly on the midrib
Also known as 'Long-rooted Hawkweed' in Druce's day - he found this very common and generally distributed in pastures, heaths, waste places; especially abundant on gravels and sands
Leaves +/- broadly oblong-lanceolate, narrowed gradually into broad stalk-like base, sinuate-toothed to sinuate-pinnatifid, usually hispid with simple hairs
Underside of leaves
Leaves in basal rosette
'Sorrel' (RUMEX ACETOSA)
Druce found this to be very frequent in pastures, meadows and woods, especially in Thames meadows and sometimes giving fine effects of colour in Buckinghamshire a century ago; inflorescence up to 40cm, leafless or nearly so; flowers can be quite colourful
Underside of oblong-lanceolate, on this occasion subacute (but can be obtuse) hastate (just visible) stem leaf, which is subsessile +/- clasping stem
SALVIA VERBENACEA
'Wild Clary' (SALVIA VERBENACEA) - note long white hairs on calyces
Flowers violet-blue, usually small, cleistogamous and with the corolla shorter than the calyx but sometimes open and up to 1.5cm
Stem-leaves usually in 2-3 pairs, sessile
Underside of leaf; margins very variable from crenate-serrate to sinuate
......................................................................................................................................
ORNITHOGALUM UMBELLATUM
I spotted this on a grassy bank outside of Goring Station whilst waiting to be met and driven to a lecture to GREENFINGERS GARDEN CLUB. It was a new species for me but I had in mind that this member of the Lily family might be an ORNITHOGALUM and so it proved to be.
'Star of Bethlehem' (ORNITHOGALUM UMBELLATUM* - though some floras list it as O.ANGUSTIFOLIUM); it is nowadays scarce in Buckinghamshire on roadsides and railway banks; Druce considered it to be native in Berkshire and Oxon and recorded in all bordering counties, local and rare in meadows and pastures.
Perianth segments usually white marked with green; distinguished from other members of the genus found in the UK by its corymbose inflorescense
'Wild Carrot' (DAUCUS CAROTA) - common in calcareous grassland and roadsides
Note the spiny fruits
Prominent dark green linear segments of bracts
'Gorse' (ULEX EUROPAEUS) photographed at Iver Heath Fields, Buckinghamshire in June
Druce found this widely distributed and locally common on heaths and dry pastures but avoiding the cold, stiff clays and the chalk downs of Buckinghamshire a century ago; at one time was an important plant - in 1623 the cottagers of Little Horwood petitioned Sir Edmund Verney to intervene for them with the Duke of Buckingham, in regard to their ancient tight to cut and fetch furze (as it was also known) off the common land
This has young pods which are c. 15mm, bursting in summer, turning black, with grey or brown hairs
'Lesser Knapweed' (CENTAUREA NIGRA) in Swan Meadow, Iver, Buckinghamshire
'Silverweed' (POTENTILLA ANSERINA)
HELIANTHEMUM CHAMAECISTUS
Chris Chadwell photographing common rock rose on a calcareous meadow (Photo: Matthew Chadwell)
Bright yellow flowers - varieties are commonly grown on rockeries
CHRYSANTHEMUM LEUCANTHEMUM
Ox-eye Diasy, Moon-Daisy or Marguerite
Showy large white ray florets
SUCCISA PRATENSIS
Devil's-bit Scabious
Mauve to dark blue-purple flowers; rootstock ending abruptly below as though bitten off
Stemless Thistle - bright red-purple flower-heads
SCABIOSA COLUMBARIA
Chris photographing Small Scabious (Photo: Matthew Chadwell)
Bluish-lilac flowers
CAMPANULA GLOMERATA
Clustered Bellflower - with blue-purple flowers; lobes of petals nearly as long as tube
Harebell - pretty blue broadly campanulate flowers
Red Clover (TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE) - pink-purple flowers in terminal globose heads becoming ovoid
Druce found this common throughout Buckinghamshire a century ago, except in arable fields, on chalk downs or heaths
Heads subtended by a pair of short-petioled leaves
Stipules ovate the oblong
Free portion of stipules triangular with setaceous point
Typically pink-purple flowers are sometimes whitish
Common on road-sides; very variable; the cultivated form var. sativum usually has entire leaflets, with fistular stems, is cultivated for hay and often naturalises


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Vaccine 101: Global Health
April 27, 2017 · by athenssciencecafe	· in Blog.	·
You have learned about the history, ingredients, and benefits of vaccines in the Vaccine 101 series so far. As we continue Vaccine 101 I want to talk about the current initiatives, benefits, and future plans for vaccines as a major player in global health. Global vaccination averts two to three million deaths per year, reduces child mortality rates, and works toward worldwide disease eradication.
Smallpox Eradication: Global Vaccination Works
To illustrate the power of global vaccination efforts we look to the only eradicated human disease on the planet, smallpox. When we traveled back in time to take a look at vaccine history we started with Edward Jenner and his smallpox vaccine. Jenner used cowpox to vaccinate individuals against smallpox and started the path towards smallpox eradication nearly 150 years later. But how did the human race go from Jenner's smallpox vaccinations to worldwide eradication of the disease?
Fabrication of the smallpox vaccine. Image Credit: Flickr via Pan American Health Organization.
One of the major roadblocks to vaccinating worldwide is effective storage and ample supply of a vaccine. Jenner's initial vaccine was in short supply and hard to store, due to production time and the need for refrigeration, making it difficult to spread the vaccine to certain countries. Smallpox continued to spread across the world even into the turn of the twentieth century. It wasn't until 1949 that a freeze-dried version of the vaccine was created and brought into commercial use in 1954. This vaccine was stable and could last months without refrigeration, a necessity to making the vaccine available everywhere.
In 1958, more than 90 countries still faced smallpox as a threat, the World Health Organization (WHO) targeted smallpox for global eradication. In 1966, with 40 countries still reporting smallpox cases, the WHO set a goal to wipe out smallpox within 10 years. Year after year new countries announced that they had seen their last smallpox, despite wars and political uprisings slowing progress. Then in 1977 the last naturally occurring case in the world occurred in Somalia, the 33rd World Health Assembly officially certified that smallpox had been eradicated from planet Earth. The eradication of smallpox has saved an estimated $1 billion US dollars every year, showing that it not only benefits global health but global finances.
Polio Eradication: The Next Big Target
Sign at a 2011 Polio meeting by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Image Credit: Flickr via United States Mission Geneva.
The next target for eradication is the polio virus, which wreaked havoc all over the world during the mid 20th century. Polio mainly affects children under 5 years old and causes initial symptoms of fever and vomiting. It can lead to permanent paralysis, which can cause death if breathing muscles become immobilized. During our journey to learn about the history of vaccines we stopped in to see the creation of the first polio vaccine by Jonas Salk. Thanks to this vaccine, as well as an oral vaccine created by Albert Sabin, only three countries still battle with polio on a regular basis: Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Eradicating polio from the world could save at least $40-50 billion US dollars between now and 2035, especially in low-income countries. Polio is cornered and the world is getting closer to being free of it.
Measles and Rubella Eradication: Work in Progress
A pair of diseases, measles and rubella, are vaccine-preventable illnesses that use a combined vaccine against both organisms. These two are being targeted for eradication efforts with significant progress already being made. But what makes them so important to target?
Measles can be fatal, especially in young children, and can spread efficiently from one person to another. Prior to more widespread vaccination in 1980 measles caused an estimated 2.6 millions death each year. While progress is being made over 100,000 children still died from measles in 2014. Rubella, also known as "German Measles", can have severe consequences for pregnant women and their unborn children. In the first trimester of pregnancy rubella increases risk of giving birth to a child with birth defects, referred to as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Today more than 100,000 children are born with CRS each year, leaving them with lifelong complications and disabilities. These are targeted for eradication because of their severe consequences, death and possible life long complications.
While measles and rubella may not seem a large risk to those in the United States, they still remain prevalent in many countries. Even in the western hemisphere where measles and rubella have been eliminated, outbreak can still occur when unvaccinated residents are exposed to infected international travelers or travel abroad to countries that still battle these diseases. However, a cost-effective vaccine against both measles and rubella has made global progress against the two diseases. Vaccination coverage is now 85% globally compared to 72% in 2001, with measles deaths down by 79%. While progress is made there is still much more to be done to reach eradication.
A national vaccination campaign in Paraguay to vaccinate children from 1 to 5 years old through the country in 2014. Image Credit: Flickr via Pan American Health Organization.
Vaccines: Ammunition in a Global War
Throughout human history we have battled not just one another but diseases of all kinds. Thanks to modern medicine and technology we have eradicated smallpox and helped to contain many other fatal disease like measles, polio, and rubella. Vaccines are the ammunition in the war against disease. While we can continue to win battles against these disease, the ultimate goal is to win the war and eradicate them completely so the world is no longer concerned about them. But not every country is as lucky as the United States, access to vaccines is not as easy in other countries. Thanks to the initiatives of groups like the World Health Organization, Center for Disease Control, and many others global vaccination is becoming a reality. Through these efforts diseases like polio will become a thing of the past, just like smallpox. Be sure to check in for the final installment of Vaccine 101, where we take a look at what vaccinations the government recommends you receive and the policy behind vaccinations.
A native Virginian (GO HOKIES!), Caitlin Reeves is a PhD candidate in the Microbiology department studying attachment of the human respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae to its human host. Outside of the lab she can be found planning events for UGA's Women in Science (WiSci) organization, snuggling with her labradoodle Sherlock, or playing video games despite being a 26 year old "adult".
Tags: Caitlin Reeves, Measles, Polio, Rubella, Smallpox, Vaccines
← Catholicism and Science
All-You-Can-Eat Activism →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Phnom Penh Post - Union protest verdicts date set
Union protest verdicts date set
Kim Sarom | Publication date 10 December 2018 | 08:55 ICT
Protesters chant on Phnom Penh's Veng Sreng Boulevard in front of fires during garment industry protests that turned violent in January 2014. Pha Lina
Mon, 10 December 2018
Kim Sarom
Phnom Penh Municipal Court on Friday heard the case of six trade union leaders who were sued by the Garment Manufacturers Association in Cambodia (GMAC) over violent protests demanding increased wages in late 2013 and early 2014, despite GMAC having withdrawn its complaint.
While only two of the more than 10 alleged victims – Tim Vuthy and Som Dina – were present, the six defendants, including the president of the Cambodian Independent Teachers Association (CITA), Rong Chhun, did not attend the hearing.
The other union presidents who are defendants are Ath Thorn, of the Coalition of Cambodian Apparel Workers Democratic Union (C.CAWDU); Mom Nhim of the National Independent Federation Textile Union of Cambodia; Pav Sina of the Collective Union of Movement of Workers (CUMW); Chea Mony of the Free Trade Union; and Yang Sophorn of the Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions (CATU).
Dina, a Sen Sok district police officer, told the court that he was directing traffic on Veng Sreng Boulevard when a group of 20 protesters threw stones and sticks at him. Dina said he sustained serious injuries to his right wrist and was sent to hospital.
"I don't know which union threw stones at me. I don't know their identity because it happened during the night," he said.
Tim Vuthy, a Veal Vong commune deputy police chief, told the court that he was also directing traffic on the boulevard when protesters threw stones at him, seriously injuring his left eye. Vuthy said he was sent to a hospital in Vietnam after Cambodian doctors said his sight could not be saved.
"It was nighttime and I couldn't identify which group the protesters belonged to. I just knew they were part of the unions. I demand 40 million riel ($10,000) in compensation," he said.
Deputy prosecutor Ly Sophana said witness accounts and evidence, including video footage of the protest, showed the offence did happen.
"The [violence] happened and it caused damage to garment factory property and injuries to the victims. I ask the judge to look at the evidence and follow the law," he said.
Judge Im Vannak said GMAC president Ken Loo withdrew his complaint on December 2, apparently following a public appeal by Prime Minister Hun Sen.
"With Prime Minister Hun Sen's speech on expediting court procedures involving unions . . . the Garment Manufacturers Association in Cambodia decided to withdraw its complaint without demanding any compensation," said a statement issued by Loo.
Defence lawyers for Rong Chhun, Pav Sina and Yang Sophorn acknowledged that the attack did occur, but that the trio were not present when the violence broke out.
They said the three union leaders were at the time attending a meeting with the Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training regarding workers' wages. The lawyers asked the court to drop all charges as the plaintiff has already withdrawn its complaint.
Deputy prosecutor Ly Sophana said the six defendants are charged with the intentional act of violence with aggravating circumstances; intentionally causing damages with aggravating circumstances; threats to destroy followed by an order; and blocking public traffic.
They face prison terms of up to five years if found guilty.
Judge Im Vannak said a verdict will be announced on Tuesday.
Contact author: Kim Sarom
Union leader wins appeal
Ninety-five NGOs condemn convictions of union leaders
Union leaders set to appeal
PM: Three protest union leaders 'innocent'
Union leader six found guilty over violent protests in 2013
Union leader in court over strike
The Appeal Court on Thursday heard the case of a trade union leader who has been sued by one of the Kingdom's largest brewers
Lethal protest union leaders' trial date set
'Dismissing unions is not good choice'
PM urges ministers to end all cases against union leaders


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Home Gossip How Much Is Christine Romans' Net Worth? Know In Detail About Her Salary, Career, & Awards
How Much Is Christine Romans' Net Worth? Know In Detail About Her Salary, Career, & Awards
Shree Krishna Thu Nov, 2018
Not all is courageous enough to speak out loud and clear, but Christine Romans is someone who is blessed with the talent. The 47-year old Chief Business Correspondent for CNN and the anchor on the CNN's Early Start has been speaking the fact as it is for years now, reaching out to the millions out there.
Christine's polished news anchoring and over the top beauty has made her into an instant hit among her audience. Alongwith winning hearts of millions with her profession, Christine is said to be earning a lot as well. So, how much is the gorgeous CNN's anchor worth on today's date? Know in detail about her career, salary, awards, and net worth.
Christine Roman's Net Worth in 2018
Christine Romans, an Iowa born CNN correspondent and anchor, has an estimated net worth of $7 million. Christine is a hardworking female correspondent and anchor, and it comes with no surprise that she is worth in millions.
Christine, who is married to Ed Tobin, is one of the popular CNN' anchors, which is reflected on her pay as well. She earns around $400 thousand annually from her association with CNN.
"It is a reinvention from one of the largest auto makers," explains @ChristineRomans as General Motors shuts 5 facilities in N. America.
"Those shut downs translate to 8,000 salaried workers, 6,000 hourly workers will lose their jobs or be reassigned to other plants." pic.twitter.com/ucfSyjrw04
— New Day (@NewDay) November 27, 2018
Christine is someone who believes in not having all the eggs in a bucket. Besides her income as an anchor/correspondent, Christine is also an author. She is reported to earn a great deal of money from her book sales as well, and the earnings have a huge contribution in her $7 million net worth.
Christine has released three books so far, including Smart Is the New Rich: If You Can't Afford It, Put It Down (2010), How to Speak Money: The Language and Knowledge You Need Now (2011), and Smart Is the New Rich: Money Guide for Millennials (2015)
Check out the price of her three releases.
Smart Is the New Rich: If You Can't Afford It, Put It Down - $29.99
How to Speak Money: The Language and Knowledge You Need Now - $17.9
Smart Is the New Rich: Money Guide for Millennials - $39.48
After working for a number of local papers in Iowa, Christine joined CNN and is currently one of the accomplished journalist on the channel.
Also Read, Are the rumors of Christine Romans and her husband Ed Tobin getting divorce true?
Christine Roman's Career From The Start
Christine graduated from the Iowa State University in 1993 and turned professional upon her graduation. Before turning to CNN, she worked for media outlets like The Des Moines Register, Reuters and Knight-Ridder Financial News in Chicago.
The GM restructuring shows how threats and boasts don't trump the fast and vicious pace of innovation. https://t.co/zR1pbSG1BS
— Christine Romans (@ChristineRomans) November 26, 2018
In 1999, Christine joined CNN, mostly covering for the New York Stock Exchange. Christine hosted Street Sweep on the CNNfn. In 2012, she started co-hosting CNN's TV show Early Start, with Dave Briggs. Early Start premiered on January 2, 2012, and airs from 4 am to 6 am ET. She also anchors the CNN's weekend program Your Money.
The only thing pretty in this picture is the orchid on my desk. #techwreck #stocks pic.twitter.com/TTmdmuMW6e
Likewise, Christine is also the recipient of an Emmy Award for her contribution to Exporting America, a show highlighting the outsourcing of American missions overseas.
# Emmy Award
# CNN
# net worth
# Christine Romans net worth
# Christine Romans salary


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Q: Orchard module gallery reports error I've installed a few instances of OrchardProject.net and all of them are reporting an error when trying to browse the module gallery.
Error loading extensions from gallery source 'Orchard Extensions Gallery'. The null value from property 'Published' cannot be assigned to a type 'System.DateTime'..
Steps to reproduce:
1.  Go to admin
2.  Click on gallery / module

A: It should be fixed now. We are currently updating a bunch of things, preparing for the launch of 1.1. Sorry for the interruption.

A: I had exactly the same problem. I fixed it by granting write permission to the Modules folder to the IIS_IUSRS group in my case as I am running IIS 7.
I had to apply the same permission to the Themes folder as well before I could install extra themes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Earlier this week, Xiaomi announced that it would be holding a media briefing on February 24th, at the start of MWC 2019. It is being speculated that the company could launch the Mi Mix 3 5G variant at the event. Last year, the company released the Mi MIX 3 standard variant and stated that a 5G version will be coming to Europe in Q1 2019. Xiaomi already has a working prototype of this phone, which was demoed at the China Mobile Partner Conference in Beijing, last year. Now, the phone, along with another Xiaomi device, has been approved by CMIIT.
The CMIIT is the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, which provides approvals for new smartphones. On their website, two new Xiaomi phones have been approved and according to a report, these phones could be the 5G variant of the Mi MIX 3/Redmi Note 7 Pro and the Redmi Go. A total of three devices have received the approval, of which two carry a similar model number. There's a M1092F1A and a M1092F1T, both of which should belong the same phone. This could either be the upcoming Mi MIX 3 5G or the Redmi Note 7 Pro.
Another model that appeared on the listings is the M1903F2A, which could belong to the Redmi Go. This is the first Android Go smartphone from the now independent Redmi brand. A device with a similar model number M1903CGCX was certified in Singapore last year as well and that turned out to be the Redmi Go. Of course, these are all still speculations, so do take it with a pinch of salt. There are chances that the M1902 models could belong to the rumored Xiaomi Mi 9 as well.
The Mi MIX 3 5G variant will be one of the first 5G ready smartphones this year. It will be powered by the Snapdragon 855 chipset paired with the Snapdragon X50 modem for 5G connectivity. Other hardware features of the phone will be similar to the standard Mi MIX 3. The Redmi Note 7 Pro is the Pro variant of the Redmi Note 7 and fill feature a 48MP Sony IMX586 sensor instead of the 48MP Samsung ISOCELL GM1. It is said to be equipped with a Snapdragon 660 chipset and a 4,000mAh battery.


This page lists concerts for Orange County by city name. To find information for a particular city, click on the appropriate section of the alphabet below for the city you are looking for, or continue scrolling down the page. Please remember that although every attempt is made to bring you the most current concert information, all schedules are subject to change. It is recommended that you confirm any performance you wish to attend. Concerts are listed by all cities together, or separately for Los Angeles County, Orange County and the Inland Empire. For a list of concerts in cities for one county only, click the appropriate link in the column on the left. Enjoy the summer!
Other Aliso Viejo/AVCA events are now members only. There are no listings at this time.
September 14, 15 and 16 - San Antonio de Padua del Canon Church Fall Festival. The festival will take place Friday from 5 - 10:30 p.m., Saturday from noon - 10:30 p.m. and Sunday from noon - 8 p.m. There will be carnival rides, games and food vendors (fee); admission and entertainment are free. Evening main stage entertainment until close will be: Friday - The Creeps, Saturday - Stone Soul (Motown/Soul), and Sunday - Wight Lightening. The church/festival is located at 5800 E. Santa Ana Canyon Road in Anaheim Hills. Information: (714) 974-1416 or www.sanantoniochurch.org.
Performances at The Packing House - Weekly performances at the Packing House on the mezzanine stage vary. The Packing House weekly performances take place on Friday, Saturday and Sunday (unless otherwise noted). When multiple acts are noted on Saturday nights, generally one act is on the mezzanine stage at the Packing House and the other(s) are at the Unsung Brewery in the MAKE Building and/or at the Anaheim Brewery. The Anaheim Packing District is located at 440 S. Anaheim Boulevard. Weekly schedules (when available) will still be posted on this site's Facebook page for updates/changes. Information: www.anaheimpackingdistrict.com.
August 30 - Jim Becker (Acoustic Rock) from 7 - 9 p.m.
August 31 - Surfabilly Cats (Rockabilly) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 1 - Lucy Healey and Friends (Acoustic Pop) from 1 - 3 p.m., plus Elephant in the Room (Latin/Indie) and JP and Benny B (Acoustic Classic Rock, at MAKE) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 2 - Nicki Bove (Pop/R&B) from 1 - 3 p.m.
September 3 - Cafe Flamenco (Jazz) from 1 - 3 p.m.
September 7 - Surfabilly Cats (Rockabilly) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 8 - Danny and the Day Trippers (50s/60s) from 1 - 3 p.m. and from 7 - 9 p.m., plus Ivan Jamie (Acoustic Latin Rock, at MAKE) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 9 - Classic Jazz Trio from 1 - 3 p.m.
September 14 - Soul Tribe (R&B) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 15 - Romero & Perez (Flamenco) from 1 - 3 p.m., plus Amanda Castro (Swing/Jazz) and Tandem Unicycle (Rock/Blues/Folk, at MAKE) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 16 - Michelle Mangione Trio (Classic Rock) from 1 - 3 p.m.
September 21 - Sandro Razciel and Friends (Pop/Rock) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 22 - Dree Mon (Pop) from 1 - 3 p.m., plus Brother Silver (Blues) and the Aris Weatherby Trio (at MAKE) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 23 - Chris Thayer and the TCB (Blues) from 1 - 3 p.m.
September 28 - Brother Silver (Blues) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 29 - Cafe Flamenco (Jazz) from 1 - 3 p.m., plus Christopher Brothers (Rock & Roll) and Tandem Unicycle (Rock/Blues/Folk, at MAKE) from 7 - 9 p.m.
September 30 - Honeydrops Express (Swing/Jazz) from 1 - 3 p.m.
There is no information for Brea at this time. Please check back later.
September 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 - Jazz at The Source. Jazz Safari (Smooth Jazz). Enjoy jazz at The Source OC every Sunday from 4 - 6 p.m. outdoors in the courtyard. All concerts are weather-permitting. The Source OC is located at 6940 Beach Boulevard (at Orangethorpe). Information: (714) 521-8858, www.thesourceoc.com or www.facebook.com/thesourceoc.
Saturdays and Sundays, September 1 - 23 - Festival of Children at South Coast Plaza. - The Festival of Children is a month-long celebration of the wonders of childhood with music and dance performances and a variety of arts and crafts for children. Most events are Saturday and Sunday afternoons in the Carousel and Jewel Courts of South Coast Plaza, Bristol St./405 Freeway. The event also showcases children's charities. See Festival website for full daily schedules and complete event information. Information: (877) 492-KIDS (5437), www.festivalofchildren.org, click calendar of events, or http://www.south-coast-plaza.com/.
Metro Pointe Entertainment Series. - Performances take place Friday and Saturday evenings from 6:30 - 9:30 p.m. (unless otherwise noted) at Metro Pointe at South Coast, 901 South Coast Drive. Stage is outdoors facing the restaurants. No lawn chairs. Information: (714) 481-5009 or www.metropointe.com.
Segerstrom Center the Arts/Argyros Plaza Events. The Segerstrom Center for the Arts will present a variety of programs outdoors in the Argyros Plaza. Unless otherwise noted, all performances last approximately one hour to 1 1/2 hours. The Segerstrom Center for the Arts is located at 600 Town Center Drive. Information: (714) 556-2787 or www.scfta.org.
September 14 - El Grito/Mexican Independence Celebration. Celebrate Mexican Independence with Latin film and television star Blanca Araceli, Mexican Consul Mario Cuevas Zamora and performances by Mariachi Infantil R.H.Y.T.M.O., Relampago del Cielo and Mauro Calderon. The program will take place at 5 p.m.
September 29 - Undecided Future (Pop) at 6 p.m.
There is no information for Cypress at this time. Please check back later.
There is no information for Dana Point at this time. Please check back later.
There is no information for Fountain Valley at this time. Please check back later.
September 16 - Los Angeles Recorder Orchestra. Members of the 30-person ensemble perform music on recorders ranging from a 9-inch Sopranino to an 8-foot plus SubContraBass. The "Here and There" program will include music of our time from around the world and explore how the rules have changed from music of earlier times. The concert will take place at 4:30 p.m. at St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, 1231 East Chapman Avenue. The same concert will be performed in Los Angeles on September 23. Information: (562) 773-2265 or www.larohome.org.
September 28, 29, 30 - St. Juliana Fall Festival. The festival will take place Friday from 5 - 11 p.m., Saturday from 3 - 11 p.m. and Sunday from 3 - 10 p.m. at St. Juliana Church, 1316 N. Acacia Avenue. Admission and entertainment are free; fee for carnival rides, games and food vendors. Entertainment will be: Friday - Ukulena and her Smitten Kittens (Tiki Soul/Rock) and Men in Crisis (Rock/Blues); Saturday - Honey County (Country), The Noble Ones (Acoustic Variety), Mary Kohaut (Acoustic Ukulele), and The Sean Oliu Band (Variety); and Sunday - Darden (Alt Americana) and Rocktane (Rock). Information: (714) 879-1965 or www.stjulianacatholiccommunity.org.
September 29 - Concert Under the Stars. Cal State Fullerton will present the annual "Concert Under the Stars" on the campus North Lawn. Gates will open at 5 p.m., and the concert is at 8 p.m. The concert will conclude with fireworks. Free seating is on the lawn only (tables are paid and pre-reserved), and the public is welcome. Admission is free, but it is requested for planning purposes that those attending make a reservation. Reservation links are available on the concert website. The campus is located at Nutwood Avenue/State College Boulevard. Information: (657) 278-3480 or www.fullerton.edu/concert.
There is no information for Garden Grove at this time. Please check back later.
September 1 - Labour of Love Music Festival. The Labor of Love Music Festival is a Christian music event. The festival will take place at Bolsa Chica State Beach at the north end near PCH/Warner. The festival is free and will include music, family activities, children's games, raffles and a car show. Artists appearing will include Matthew West, Jordan Feliz, Hollyn, Manafest and Anchored 247. Parking at the beach is $15, but there will also be free shuttles from Calvary Chapel at 16450 Pacific Coast Highway and the Boeing Company parking lot in Seal Beach, 2201 Seal Beach Boulevard. The festival is from 11 a.m. - 5 p.m. and shuttles will run from 10:30 a.m. - 6 p.m. Information: (562) 592-1800 or www.labouroflovemusicfest.com.
September 8 - Huntington Beach Council on Aging Senior Saturday Festival. The annual event will feature entertainment by My Generation (British Invasion) and sponsor booths with information, products and services geared toward seniors. The event will take place from 9 a.m. - 2 p.m. at Pier Plaza at the Huntington Beach pier, Main Street/Pacific Coast Highway. Hosted by the Huntington Beach Council on Aging. Breakfast and lunch will be available for a nominal fee. Information: (714) 536-9387 or www.hbcoa.org.
Wednesdays and Thursdays through October 28 - Free Admission to Oktoberfest at Old World. Oktoberfest at Old World in Huntington Beach offers free admission and entertainment on Wednesdays and Thursdays through October (fee for food, beer, etc., and fee for entry on other nights). Oktoberfest features authentic German food, imported German beers, German bands, festivities, competitions, games and more. Old World is located at 7561 Center Avenue near Bella Terra. Information: (714) 895-8029, www.oldworld.ws or www.oldworld.ws/oktoberfest-orange-county.html.
Surfin' Sundays Concert Series - Sunday surf music concerts are either in the parking lot behind the Surf Museum, 411 Olive (off Main Street), or at Pier Plaza (Main/Pacific Coast Highway). See individual concert dates for details. Information: (714) 960-3483 or www.surfingmuseum.org.
September 23 - Surfin' Sundays at Pier Plaza from 11 a.m. - 6 p.m. with bands Slacktone, Paul Johnson, The Reventlos, High Tide, Thee Swank Bastards, Trabants and The Boardwalkers.
Performances at Bella Terra. - Music in the Amphitheater. Performances take place at the times listed in the amphitheater outside the Century Theaters. The Bella Terra Center's address is 7777 Edinger Avenue. Information: (714) 897-2534 or www.bellaterra-hb.com.
September 22 - Irvine Global Village Festival. The Irvine Global Village Festival will take place from 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. at Bill Barber Park at the Orange County Great Park (off the 5 Fwy at Sand Canyon; new location this year). There will be live entertainment by more than 100 performers on 5 stages, a kids village, international food vendors, an international marketplace, cultural exhibits, a world religions area and more. The festival is a mosaic of food, music and dance performances representing cultures from around the world; see full schedule of events on website. Admission and entertainment are free. Information: (949) 724-6606, www.irvinefestival.org, or www.cityofirvine.org.
There is no information for La Habra at this time. Please check back later.
There is no information for La Palma at this time. Please check back later.
Sunset Serenades Concert Series. Concerts will take place from 5:30 - sunset in the Heisler Park Rockpile Amphitheater (Cliff Drive/Myrtle). Information: (949) 497-0722 or www.lagunabeachcity.net.
There are no listings for Laguna Hills at this time. Please check back again later.
There are no listings for Laguna Niguel at this time. Please check back again later.
There is no information for Lake Forest at this time. Please check back later.
There is no information for Los Alamitos at this time. Please check back later.
There is no information for Mission Viejo at this time. Please check back again later.
September 9 - Concerts on the Green. Desperado (Eagles Tribute). This concert will take place from 6 - 7:30 p.m. in the civic green at the Newport Beach Civic Center, 100 Civic Center Drive (off Avocado). Bring blankets/low-back beach chairs; picnics are welcome. Information: (949) 644-3211 x2156, (949) 644-3309 or www.newportbeachca.gov.
September 23 - Sunday Musicale at the Newport Beach Public Library. Soul Language. The trio bridges the gap between Bossa Nova, Samba and Brazilian contemporary music. The concert will take place from 3 - 4 p.m. in the Friends Meeting Room of the Newport Beach Public Library, 1000 Avocado Avenue. Information: (949) 717-3800 or www.newportbeachlibrary.org.
August 31, September 1 and 2 - Orange International Street Fair. The Orange International Street Fair will take place on Friday from 5 - 10 p.m., Saturday from 10 a.m. - 10 p.m. and Sunday from 10 a.m. - 10 p.m. in the blocks surrounding the Orange traffic circle at Glassell/Chapman Avenue. The event includes multiple blocks of international food and music organized around country themes, including multiple music stages. Please note: this event tends to be VERY crowded, and comfortable walking shoes are highly recommended. Parking can be found in local residential neighborhoods and for a fee in several nearby public parking lots. See website for full entertainment schedule and other event information. Information: www.orangestreetfair.org.
September 5 and 9 - St. John's Concert Series. On September 5 from noon - 12:30 p.m., midweek organ concert. The new concerts will take place on the first Wednesday of every month. On September 9 - Organ Concert: "From Sea to Shining Sea." The history of the USA will be presented by Dr. Jeannine and David Jordan through the performance of organ music and visuals of American history. The program will take place at 7 p.m. in the sanctuary at St. John's Lutheran Church, Center/Almond. Information: (714) 288-4431 or www.stjohnsorange.org.
There is no information for Placentia at this time. Please check back later.
There is no information for Rancho Santa Margarita at this time. Please check back later.
There is no information for Rossmoor at this time. Please check back later.
August 30 - San Clemente Music and Movies Series Tunnel Vision. Concerts will take place at 6 p.m. on the sand at the San Clemente Pier. Smoking and alcohol are prohibited. Information: (949) 361-8264 or www.san-clemente.org.
September 29 - 30 - San Juan Capistrano Greek Festival The San Juan Capistrano Greek Festival will take place Saturday from 11 a.m. - 11 p.m. and Sunday from noon - 10 p.m. at a new location for 2018 - the San Juan Capistrano Community Center, 25925 Camino del Avion. There will be Greek food and pastries, live Greek music and dancing, activities for children, vendors and exhibits. Free admission and parking. Information: (949) 542-3445 or www.sjcgreekfest.org.
San Juan Capistrano Summer Nights - All performances take place from 6 - 8 p.m. in historic Town Center Park, 31852 El Camino Real. Information: (949) 493-5911 or www.sanjuancapistrano.org.
September 2 - Family Festival at the Bowers Museum. The Bowers Museum presents Family Festivals on the first Sunday of the month including live music and/or dance performances, arts and crafts and other activities from 11 a.m. - 3:30 p.m. Festivals take place in the Museum courtyard. This month's festival will be an international jazz festival. Performances will be: Steve Johnson Quintet (American Jazz Favorites) at noon, Yukiko and friends (Japanese) at 1 p.m., and Charmaine Clamor (Jazzipino) at 2 p.m. Please note: the festivals no longer include complimentary admission to the museum. The Bowers Museum is located at 2002 N. Main Street. Information: (714) 567-3600 or www.bowers.org.
September 15 and 16 - Fiestas Patrias 2018. The 40th Anniversary Fiestas Patrias celebration will take place from noon - 10 p.m. on Saturday and noon - 10 p.m. on Sunday at a new location: the Santa Ana Civic Stadium and Flower Street. The main stage will be located on the stadium, and the street fair with 50+ food and merchandise vendors, will take place on Flower Street from Civic Stadium Boulevard to Santa Ana Boulevard. There will be performances on two different stages. The Fiestas Patrias Parade will take place on Sunday from 4 - 6 p.m. beginning at 15th and Main and continuing on Main Street in Santa Ana. See website for additional information. Information: (714) 571-4227, www.santa-ana.org/parks/fiestas or www.ci.santa-ana.ca.us.
There is no information for Seal Beach at this time. Please check back later.
There is no nformation for Stanton at this time. Please check back later.
There is no information for Tustin at this time. Please check back later.
September 8 - Dia de la Familia. The Dia de la Familia celebration will take place from 1 - 5 p.m. at Sigler Park, 7200 Plaza Street. There will be live music, folklorico dancers, and a variety of family activities. The event offers the opportunity for city residents and members from surrounding communities to particpate in a cultural celebration of family and friends. Information: (714) 895-2860 or http://www.westminster-ca.gov.
September 11 - Nixon Library September 11 Remebrance Event The program honoring the heroes and lost of the September 11 tragedy will take place at 11 a.m. at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard near Imperial Highway. The program will include remarks by the new OC Fire Authority Chief Brian Finnesey and OC Undersheriff Don Barnes, Presentation of Colors and a variety of patriotic musical selections performed by a near-200-member chorus. This one of the Southern California's largest 9/11 programs, and an RSVP via the link is library website recommended. Information: (714) 364-1120, (714) 993-5075, (714) 993-3393 or www.nixonfoundation.org.
September 15 and 16 - Dozynki Polish Harvest Festival. The Dozynki Harvest Festival will take place from noon - 11 p.m. on Saturday and 11 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. on Sunday at the Pope John Paul II Polish Center, 3999 Rose Drive (one block south of Imperial Highway). There will be authentic Polish foods and beer, Polish music and folk dancers in traditional costumes, and more. The event is a celebration of bountiful harvest that dates back to 16th Century Poland and is celebrated in Polish communities throughout the world. Information: (714) 996-8161 or www.polishcenter.org.
Nixon Library Family Concert Series - All performances (unless otherwise indicated) are at 2 p.m. at the Nixon Library, 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard near Imperial Highway. Doors open at 1:15 p.m. Information: (714) 993-5075, (714) 993-3393 or www.nixonfoundation.org.


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The Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Export and Movement Restrictions) (Scotland) Regulations 2007
Dispatch, transit and export of animals
9.—(1) No person shall dispatch an animal from Scotland.
(2) By way of derogation from paragraph (1), a person may export an animal originating outside Great Britain if the–
(a)animal has made a direct and uninterrupted transit through Scotland travelling only on main roads or railway lines; and
(b)the first and second conditions are met.
(3) The first condition is that at least three days before export the Scottish Ministers have notified the central and local veterinary authorities of the member State of the intended export.
(4) The second condition is that the animal is accompanied by a health certificate which bears in the case of–
(a)a bovine, porcine, ovine and caprine animal, the words–
"Animals conforming to Commission Decision 2007/554/EC of 9th August 2007 concerning certain protection measures against foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom"; and
(b)any other animal, the words–
"Live biungulates conforming to Commission Decision 2007/554/EC of 9th August 2007 concerning certain protection measures against foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom".


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Adrian Swift departs ABC, returns to "spiritual home" at Nine
ABC exec Adrian Swift is returning to former employer Nine as Head of Content Production and Development.
Nine has today announced the appointment of Adrian Swift to the position of Head of Content Production and Development. Swift, who is currently at the ABC as Head of Content and Creative Development, will leave that role at the end of January. Swift had been in the role at the ABC since July 2014.
Swift will be responsible for non-scripted production across Nine's broadcast and digital platforms, which will include internal development of programs and acquired formats. Swift will also manage external commissions.
Nine's director of television, Michael Healy, said "I'm really pleased to say Adrian is returning to Nine in a role which will incorporate production and development of our local content, across all the platforms in our evolving business. Adrian has a great knowledge of Nine, he will be a welcomed member of our team."
Swift stated, "Nine is my spiritual home and I'm very excited to be returning. With so many great shows commissioned for 2016, it's a huge job and I'm looking forward to working alongside Hugh Marks, Michael Healy and Andrew Backwell."
Swifts previous tenure at Nine had lasted over three years and saw him in the role of director of development. During this time he oversaw the development of the local version of The Voice and the Nine revamp of Big Brother.
A report in The Guardian's Weekly Beast column suggested that Swift bristled against the bureaucracy and management structure at the ABC, while also facing budget cuts that curtailed his programming plans.
Regarding his tenure at the ABC, Swift said: "It has been a privilege working at the ABC and I would like to thank Richard Finlayson and Mark Scott for the opportunity. I have had the genuine pleasure to lead an immensely talented team and work with some brilliant producers during my time here. 2016 will be a great year on ABC TV."
ABC director of Television Richard Finlayson said: "We will be sad to see Adrian go. He's made a significant impact in his relatively short time at ABC TV, with results that will be seen throughout our strong 2016 slate. We wish Adrian all the best for his future."
Related Items:ABC, Adrian Swift, Nine
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Baz Luhrmann's The Get Down trailer revealed


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From Hector Esrawe, Parabola, parabolas made of brass, "Reflection based on how the light travels through a solid surface, the beginning and the end, the darkness, the gloom to the dawn, on tension and flexion, in the parabolas of Felix Candela."
"The path of the light in each of the versions, is conditioned by the metal, in its scale, in its surface and in its expression, also on its repetition, which confers an architectonic quality to each one of them. The poetry of the shadows, the absence of light which is as relevant as its presence."
"The starting points where the brass layer touches base, establish the origin for every light element, meaning, the number of brass layers indicate the amount of light elements in each piece."
Parabola is represented by MASA Galeria, which opened with its first exhibition Collective/Collectible in February 2019 in Mexico City.
Design: Hector Esrawe
Photos: Genevive Lutkin
2017.12.17 HarryLikes185 Lighting
Blow Me Up is an inflatable glowing air hose, a blow-up balloon that can be rolled up and stored in a can.


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Dec 05, 2020 Attractions, News 0
Kingsdown Mobile Home Park in Swindon complete above guide
International real estate advisor Savills has completed the sale of Kingsdown Mobile Home Park in Swindon. The sale provided purchasers with a rare opportunity to acquire the park, which had been in the ownership of the private vendor for approximately 40 years. Kingsdown Mobile Home Park was purchased by a private individual, who secured the property for a price in excess of the guide of £1.2 million following strong interest in the opportunity.
Set across just over two acres (0.85 hectares), the park benefits from a Site Licence for 41 residential pitches, 40 of which have been developed to provide 30 single and 10 twin units.
Kay Griffiths, associate director in the leisure & trade team at Savills Oxford, says: "The sale of Kingsdown Mobile Home Park generated strong interest from both existing operators and new investors looking to enter the mobile home park market. We continue to see good appetite from investors in this sector, which provides both a good return on investment and is regarded as being reasonably recession proof. Savills has a database of investors looking to acquire parks similar to Kingsdown and we expect this trend to continue in 2021."
Volvo's Recharge plug-in hybrids pull in ho...
Inland Fisheries Ireland Prosecutes Arrabawn Dairies for pollution to Deerpark River Wellhouse Leisure's Toyota Proace Matino campervan helped raise £1,134,580 for the BBC Children in Need's 2020 Appeal
Volvo's Recharge plug-in hybrids pull...


DJ BABS at 1-Oak - Tuesday 19th Feb!
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The 1979 novel If on a winter's night a traveller by post-modern writer Italo Calvino has been described as a 'playful, post-modern puzzle'. It is a many-storeyed funhouse of thematic mirror-mazes, prismatic lenses, dead-ends, genre-mashups and multi-person narrative.
In short, it is surprising that it has taken this long for it to be used as inspiration for a musical suite.
Melbourne based composer, trombonist and arranger Tilman Robinson – his bio suggests 'sound artist' which is, yes, closer to the truth – has taken the Calvino novel and presents it through his own prismatic lens, creating the suite 'Network of Lines'.
Given that the original is kaleidoscopic, Tilman's confident repurposing of Calvino's narrative material could have been a dog's breakfast (a slightly tripped-out, pretentious dog at that).
It says much for the composer's taste, style and wit that it isn't. In fact Network of Lines is a work of ethereal and pure loveliness – albeit one with a red-blooded heart. No wonder ABC Jazz's Jessica Nicholas listed its 2012 live premier as one of her top five musical highlights of that year.
Originally composed for the 2012 APRA Melbourne Jazz Fringe Festival, 'Network of Lines' has now been released through Perth's ever-(pleasantly)-surprising Listen/Hear Collective. It is Tilman's debut recording and is perfromed here by a nine-piece electro-acoustic ensemble.
Opener 'Winter's Night' sets up an accent of cool drama with an almost 'Maiden Voyage' ensemble passage rising out of a low, low laptop drone, and scratched at by ambient noises as it develops.
What is also set up is a chill European atmosphere that pervades the entire work. Whether the becalmed, funereal 'In Search of An Anchor' (with a lovely translucent piano solo from Berish Bilander), or the drunken 7/8 Balkan wedding reel of 'Malbork, Cimmeria' (named for the novel's fictional setting), this music breathes the woody smoke of the Old World. And the smoke is pungent and heady. Breathe deep.
Robinson's sharp writing – and the simpatico skill of this bright, young ensemble in speaking it – is most evident on the quite amazing 'The Void and The Iron Bridge / Shadows Gather'. The opening trombone theme (whispered to us, it seems, from Bartok's Hungarian lakes) is taken up by the ensemble but staggered and slightly wonky. Soon the ensemble is marching around the lip of the void, fearlessly drunk, laughing into its maw. Drummer Hugh Harvey balances and holds this danse macabre beautifully, playing perfectly (imperfectly?) in and out of time with a bright empathy (and a slight grin).
Robinson's writing throughout is exceptional – just as he avoided the obvious tone-poem trip in his reading of 'If on a winter's night a traveller', he equally puts aside cliché or overt stylistic bindings in his compositions and sound-organisation. What we end up with is a truly beautiful balance of evocation and surprise, all spoken with a very human voice. You can't help but feel each of these pieces deep within; sometimes with a small cut of pang, sometimes with the sweet kiss of caress.
His writing can be muscular too as on the twin piece 'Lines: Enlacing' and 'Lines: Intersecting'. But it is the deeper, more mist-obscured pieces here that took me away to Cimmeria. The hymn-like quality of the suite's closer 'What Story Down There Awaits Its End?' almost suggests a spirituality glowing through its milky haze.
Spirituality? In a work inspired by post-modern writing? Maybe not, nihilism is the religion there. But 'If on a winter's night a traveller' is Calvino's work, not Robinson's – 'Network of Lines' is all Tilman Robinson's work and it is quite something.


E.R., as he was known, was a powerful and well connected man in Des Moines. He was a banker, real estate developer and a factory owner. He was "Sargent of Arms" of the Iowa State Legislature and moved in the highest levels of Iowa politics and society.
But of course all that didn't happen at once. We know from other sources that Edwin, or Ed. R, or E.R., came to Fort Des Moines as a young man and found work on the river as a ferryman. But we have not had a lot of details.
If you speak nicely to google, she reveals some references to E.R. Clapp's early life.
four cross-cut saws operated by four men by hand.
We know from other sources that E.R. started and owned The Des Moines Ice Company, cutting and storing ice from the river. Later he would install the first industrial refrigerated ice making machine in Des Moines.
Would it be possible for the blog author to contact me off-line? I am interested in including the image of E.R. Clapp in a museum exhibit and would like to ask for permission to make use of this image. Please email jdennis@lhf.org. Thank you!
I do not know if you monitor this blog, or if you have replied to living history farms. E.R. Clapp previously owned the property that is today living history farms. That is where he raised beef cattle during the Civil War.
Ella Clapp White is my Great-Great Grandmother. Her son W.L. White, Jr. married Elizabeth (d. 1921 Woodland Cemetery Des Moines – I don't know her maiden name) and they had three daughters. The youngest daughter Margaret Jane White b. 1904 (my Grandmother) married Edwin Larkin Wight of Stuart Iowa, they had one child (my father) Edwin Ruthven Wight.
My Grandmother's sisters were Ella Ruthven White, who never married (b. 1900 d. 1958 Twin Bridges Cemetery Montana, used the name "Ruthven White") and Helen Elizabeth White b. 1902, who married John Kirble (spelling?) and had children John Jr. and Joan. I believe they lived in California. W.L. White Jr. d.1944 Twin Bridges Cemetery Montana.
I believe that you are mistaken about E.R. Clapp being in the shoe business. It was the W.L. White Shoe Co. located in the Clapp block, and as far as I know E.R. Clapp was the Landlord only. You also list him in your article about the Clapp family as William H. White, which is an error.
Thanks for the correction on William L. White's middle initial. You are correct of course.
John Lewis and Lucy Clapp home is down the road from Living History Farms It still stands It started out as a two room home and was added on thru the years.


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How to Avoid Tax Scams & IRS Fraud
Unfortunately, the start of tax season often brings the start of tax scam season. Scammers can use aggressive phone calls and phishing emails while pretending to be IRS agents or tax preparers to extract money or commit identity theft. Consequently, it's important for you to be able to recognize and avoid scams & IRS fraud.
Protect Yourself from Tax Scams by Being Aware of the Following:
Suspicious phone calls - The IRS sends notices, bills and letters through mail. They do not initiate contact over the phone. If you ever receive a call out-of-the-blue requesting payment, it almost certainly is not the IRS.
Avoiding Taxpayer Scams - Scammers will often threaten lawsuit or arrest when calling victims posing as a government agent. Know that the IRS does not demand immediate payment through coercion, they will first meet with you and allow you the opportunity to appeal.
Phishing emails - Phishing emails can appear to look official but tend to have giveaways that they are not, in fact, real. For example, these tax scam emails typically feature poor spelling, grammar and/or formatting. They also tend to ask for a response by "clicking" a link of some kind (see next).
Links in emails - Scam artists frequently embed links in emails which may appear to be connected to legitimate websites, but can take you to a website designed to capture your personal information or install malware on your computer. As good practice, don't click on any link within an email, but instead, visit the website directly (eg https://www.irs.gov).
Threats - Scammers and cyber criminals often use threats. The IRS does not threaten taxpayers, if there is to be a penalty assessed, it is typically done so after discussing the discrepancy with the taxpayer.
Type of payment - If the IRS requests payments, it will not typically specify the method with which you must pay. Further, they never request a credit or debit card payment over the phone. Therefore, any request for a credit or debit card number by someone claiming to be an agent is most likely IRS fraud.
Phony corporate executives - Scammers have been known to impersonate a high-ranking corporate executive and request information about certain employees from a lower level employee. That employee, thinking that the request is legitimate, provides the information. The scammer then takes that information and sells it to other criminals who file fraudulent tax returns under stolen identities to collect fraudulent refunds. This happened during the 2016 tax season, when scammers used this tactic to obtain information about 434 Weight Watchers International employees.
If you ever receive an unsolicited request to provide sensitive information about you or someone else, you should always try your best to investigate the legitimacy first. If the request comes via email, make sure the email comes from a legitimate address and contact the source directly before providing any information (i.e. don't click a link in an email, but navigate to their website directly). If the request came via phone, check the number, ask questions, tell the caller that you will return the call and then when they provide a number try searching for information on it online.
Don't become a victim of a tax scam this season. If you receive a phone call from the so-called IRS be diligent, remain conscious of potential phishing emails, always refuse to give credit or debit card numbers over the phone, and check credentials. Do this and you can decrease your odds of falling victim to such tax scams or IRS fraud.
Q&A: What do you do if a tax return is filed without your permission?
Often taxpayers do not realize that someone has filed a return using their SSN without their permission until they attempt to file a return themselves. Once the IRS has received a return for the tax year, a return using the same SSN will no longer be accepted. If you believe that a tax return has been filed using your SSN without your permission, it is advised that you call the IRS Identity Theft Hotline at 1-800-908-4490 as soon as possible. The IRS should provide instructions for filing which may include the use of a paper return and inclusion of a explanation of the circumstances.
Ready to File Your Return? Start Today
Start Your Tax Filing Now
When Are Taxes Dues
Needed In Order to File
Qualifying For Free Filing
My Return Status
IRS Pin to File
Filling Separate of Jointly
What Income is Exempt
Child Care Credits
How Tax Liens Work
Calculating Your AGI
American Opportunity Credit
Making Estimated Payments
Avoiding Tax Scams
Income That is Exempt
Where's My IRS Refund
Missing Tax Documents
State Returns
Different 1040 Types
Filing Extensions
Fixing A Rejected Return
When The IRS Accepts Returns
Dates You Should Know
E-file Refund Schedule
Our Preparation Software
Using Cloud Software
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Front page › Newsroom › Press releases › UPM's President & CEO Jussi Pesonen elected Chairman of the Finnish Forest Industries Federation
UPM's President & CEO Jussi Pesonen elected Chairman of the Finnish Forest Industries Federation
Press releases | 9/5/2010
The Board of the Finnish Forest Industries Federation has elected Mr. Jussi Pesonen, the President & CEO of UPM-Kymmene Corporation, as its chairman for 2006. Mr. Kari Jordan, the President & CEO of Metsäliitto Group, and Mr. Kai Korhonen, the Senior Executive Vice President of Stora Enso Corporation, were elected as deputy chairmen.
The Board also elected Mr. Matti Jaakola, the Managing Director of Georgia-Pacific Nordic Oy, Mr. Kalle Kantola, the Managing Director of Haapajärven Ha-Sa Oy, Mr. Jyri Nenonen, the Managing Director of Kinnaskoski Oy, Mr. Sverre Norrgård, the President & CEO of Myllykoski Oyj, and Ms Sari Rämö, the Managing Director of SCA Packaging Finland Oy, to the Executive Committee. Korhonen, Nenonen and Rämö are new members on the Executive Committee.
The annual autumn meeting elected Mr. Jussi Aine, the Managing Director of Puustelli Group Oy, Mr. Kai Korhonen, the Senior Executive Vice President of Stora Enso Corporation, Mr. Aarno Laukkanen, the Managing Director of Stromsdal Oyj, Mr. Risto Mätäsaho, the Managing Director of PRT-Forest Oy, Mr. Jyri Nenonen, the Managing Director of Kinnaskoski Oy, and Mr. Kari Nikkanen, the Assistant Managing Director of Olavi Räsänen Oy as new members of the Board. The number of Board members is 32.
The Finnish Forest Industries Federation's annual autumn meeting and Board meeting took place on Friday, 18 November in Helsinki.
Mr. Timo Poranen, President, Finnish Forest Industries Federation,
tel. +358 9 132 6600, firstname@lastname@forestindustries.fi
Paper industry speeds up collective agreement negotiations
Chairman of the Board, Finnish Forest Industries Federation, CEO Jussi Pesonen: Forest industry is in a turning point towards regeneration


GEORGETOWN, Guyana — A 15-member Caribbean trade bloc is considering layoffs and travel cuts to reduce a budget that already has been frozen for three years.
Guyana-based Caricom has been operating on a roughly $18 million budget since 2008. Trade Chief Irwin LaRocque said Saturday that more cuts are needed because members have not been meeting their annual contributions.
Ministers failed to agree on a 2011 budget in December. They are scheduled to meet again in late February.
Caricom expects to cut back on travel this year by relying on video conferencing for the more than 100 meetings scheduled annually in the region.
Several of Caricom's more than 200 staffers also will be dismissed but LaRocque declined to provide details.


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Le Championnat du Monde de MotoGP 2023 est la  édition du championnat du monde de vitesse moto organisé par la FIM.

Calendrier

Les changements
Le Grand Prix d'Aragón n'est pas reconduit au calendrier pour 2023.
Le Grand Prix du Qatar est décalé en fin de saison pour remise en état du circuit.
Le Grand Prix de Catalogne est décalé à septembre.
Les Grands Prix d'Inde et du Kazakhstan font leurs apparition au calendrier en 2023.

Les tests de pré-saison (MotoGP)

Les tests de pré-saison (Moto2 et Moto3)

Les tests de pré-saison (MotoE)

Grand Prix de la saison
Le championnat du monde MotoGP intègrera des courses sprint dès 2023.

Championnat du Monde FIM MotoGP

Changements de pilotes

Arrivées
Retour du N°1 choisi par Francesco Bagnaia après son titre MotoGP en 2022. La dernière apparition du N°1 en MotoGP était en 2012 avec Casey Stoner.

Augusto Fernández rejoint GasGas Tech3 KTM Racing

Transferts
Jack Miller rejoint Red Bull KTM Factory Racing
Álex Márquez rejoint Gresini Racing MotoGP
Álex Rins rejoint LCR Honda Team
Enea Bastianini rejoint Ducati Lenovo Team
Joan Mir rejoint Repsol Honda Team
Raúl Fernández rejoint Aprilia RNF MotoGP Team
Miguel Oliveira rejoint Aprilia RNF MotoGP Team
Pol Espargaró rejoint GasGas Tech3 KTM Racing

Départs

Suzuki quitte le MotoGP à la fin de la saison 2022.

Andrea Dovizioso a pris sa retraite en MotoGP à la suite du Grand Prix de Saint-Marin 2022.

Remy Gardner quitte GasGas Tech3 KTM Racing et le MotoGP pour rejoindre les rangs de Yamaha en World Superbike.

Darryn Binder quitte RNF Racing et le MotoGP à la fin de la saison 2022 pour rejoindre l'équipe Liqui Moly Husqvarna Intact GP en Moto2

Participants

Championnat du Monde FIM Moto2

Changements de pilotes

Arrivées

Alex Escrig arrive chez MV Agusta Forward Racing en provenance du MotoE.
Kohta Nozane arrive chez Yamaha VR46 Master Camp Team en provenance du World Superbike.
Rory Skinner arrive chez American Racing en provenance du British Superbike Championship.
Lukas Tulovic arrive chez Liqui Moly Husqvarna Intact GP en provenance du FIM CEV Moto2 European Championship.

Darryn Binder rejoint Liqui Moly Husqvarna Intact GP.

Dennis Foggia rejoint Italtrans Racing.
Sergio García rejoint Flexbox HP40.
Izan Guevara rejoint GasGas Aspar Team.

Transferts

Jeremy Alcoba rejoint Gresini Racing Moto2.
Lorenzo Dalla Porta rejoint Pertamina Mandalika SAG Team.
Albert Arenas rejoint Red Bull KTM Ajo.

Départs

Participants

Championnat du Monde FIM Moto3

Changements de pilotes

Arrivées
David Alonso arrive chez  GasGas Aspar Team.
Collin Veijer arrive chez Liqui Moly Husqvarna Intact GP.
David Salvador arrive chez CIP Green Power.
Syarifuddin Azman arrive chez MT Helmets - MSI.
José Antonio Rueda arrive chez Red Bull KTM Ajo.
Filippo Farioli arrive chez Red Bull KTM Tech3.

Romano Fenati arrive chez Rivalcold Snipers Team.

Transferts
Joel Kelso rejoint CFMoto Prüstel GP.
Ryusei Yamanaka rejoint  GasGas Aspar Team.
Jaume Masiá rejoint Leopard Racing.
Matteo Bertelle rejoint Rivalcold Snipers Team.
Kaito Toba rejoint SIC58 Squadra Corse.
Lorenzo Fellon rejoint CIP Green Power.
Deniz Öncü rejoint Red Bull KTM Ajo.
Daniel Holgado rejoint Red Bull KTM Tech3.

Départs
L'équipe Avintia Racing Team quitte le paddock après la saison 2022.

Participants

Coupe du Monde FIM MotoE

Changements de pilotes

Arrivées

Ducati dévoile sa MotoE pour 2023
Nicholas Spinelli rejoint Pons Racing 40.
Randy Krummenacher rejoint Dynavolt Intact GP.
Luca Savadori rejoint Octo Pramac Racing.
Tito Rabat rejoint Octo Pramac Racing.
Alessandro Zaccone rejoint Tech3 E-Racing.

Transferts
Jordi Torres rejoint Openbank Aspar Team.
Hector Garzo rejoint Dynavolt Intact GP.
Hikari Okubo rejoint Tech3 E-Racing.
Kevin Manfredi rejoint Ongetta SIC58 Squadra Corse.

Départs

Participants

Références

Championnat du monde de vitesse moto
Vitesse moto en 2023
Championnat du monde en 2023

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Vietnam: A War on Civilians
On the 50th Anniversary of My Lai massacre, we're re-visiting Nick Turse's groundbreaking reporting on the atrocities that were covered up.
Few Americans born after the Tet Offensive know even the barest facts about the Vietnam War. I aim this generalization not at the oft-underrated Joe Sixpack but at graduates of our finest universities. I remember getting coffee with an old friend, then fresh out of Yale, right after she had backpacked through Vietnam. Whenever she mentioned the war she referred to the former South Vietnam as "the democratic side." It was immediately clear that she, like virtually everyone else of her and my generation, had never heard of the Geneva Accords of 1954 to guarantee free elections in South Vietnam, elections scuttled after the CIA predicted that Ho Chi Minh would win. My friend had had no sense that the U.S. invaded (a word rarely used, but what else can you call sending 500,000 troops to a foreign nation?) South Vietnam to prop up an authoritarian government with little popular legitimacy. We launched a ruthless pacification campaign; it failed—but not before Washington spread the war into Laos and Cambodia and ultimately killed some two million civilians. This was the war, and there was no "democratic side."
By contrast, my interlocutor—an intelligent and cultured person—did show a sure command of the political history of Tibet, which had been the next stop on her Asian tour.
From Generation X on down, there is a gaping lack of knowledge about the most foolish and brutal of our postwar wars. (Yes, worse than Iraq.) But this is not a vacant lot ready for intellectual development. Instead this block of nescience is something dense, opaque, and fenced off with barbed wire. Why is there so much socially reinforced ignorance about our bloodiest war since World War II?
One reason is that uttering any less-than-flattering account of the war is likely to make one feel, even in 2013, like a bit of a traitor. By airing unpleasant facts about the war am I smearing my Uncle G—, an avid gardener, terrific father, husband, and all-around great guy who was an Army Ranger in Laos? Am I blood-libeling my brother's beloved high-school English teacher who served in the Special Forces advising and fighting with the Khmer Khrom ethnic minority and wrote a memoir about it? I don't doubt this man's courage any more than I believe that our war in Southeast Asia can be recast as a "Lost Crusade"—his book's title—to protect Vietnam's ethnic minorities.
Nobody wants to be called out for "spitting on the troops." Not that historians have found a single instance of people actually expectorating on returning Vietnam soldiers. That this piece of revanchist folklore has taken such firm root shows how hypersensitive America remains to any hint that the war was anything less than noble. Even after four decades, you don't make friends by implying that the personal sacrifice of members of your community was for nothing.
Or worse than nothing. Because the main reason we don't want to know about Vietnam is that it gave so much to not want to know about. Yes, Vietnam was a military defeat that killed some 58,000 American soldiers and left 75,000 severely disabled—reason enough, for many, to stuff it down the memory hole. But as scholar and journalist Nick Turse shows in a new book that is scrupulously documented, what makes the memory of this war so worthy of repression is that its defining feature was mass atrocities against civilians. Rape; the massacres of women, children, and the elderly; military vehicles running over civilians for sport; "Zippo raids" that burned down villages; indiscriminate shelling and aerial bombardment; despoliation of crops and drinking water; routinized torture—this was the unredeemable essence of our Vietnam War, not American teenagers coming of age and bonding against a bamboo backdrop, not "good intentions" in Washington leading us into a "quagmire."
Of the 33,000 books about the Vietnam War, all but a few eagerly sidestep the atrocious carnage inflicted on hundreds of thousands of civilians. Nick Turse's scholarly mission is to haul it into the center of historical inquiry and public memory, where it belongs. Kill Anything That Moves offers neither argument nor a new narrative—it simply aims to make violence against civilians "the essence of what we should think of when we say 'the Vietnam War'."
The war was "a system of suffering." Turse is sick of hearing about My Lai—the programmatic slaughter of over 500 Vietnamese women, children, and elderly men carried out on March 16, 1969 by Americal Division's Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry—not because it wasn't an appalling war crime but because the event, now fashioned as a horrific one-off anomaly, has perversely absolved the rest of the war, obscuring for instance the massacre of 118 civilians at Dien Nien or of 68 civilians at Phuoc Binh; of 200 civilians at An Phuoc; of 86 killed at Nhon Hoa; 155 killed at the My Khe (4) hamlet.
Turse's book is sometimes repetitive, by design: "I thought I was looking for a needle in a haystack," he says about embarking on his research, "what I found was a veritable haystack of needles." There was nothing exceptional about My Lai. In the words of Ron Ridenhour, the former helicopter door-gunner who did more than anyone to expose that particular massacre, it "was an operation, not aberration."
The numbers are numbing. According to study by Harvard Medical School and the University of Washington, there were 3.8 million violent war deaths, of which two million were civilian, with similar estimates reached by the Vietnamese government and Robert McNamara himself. Up to 500,000 Vietnamese women turned to sex work. 14,000 South Vietnamese civilians were killed, mostly by U.S. firepower, during the Tet Offensive. 70 million liters of herbicidal agents, notably Agent Orange, were dumped across the countryside. ("Only you can prevent forests" was the travestied Smokey the Bear slogan.) 3.4 million combat sorties were launched by the U.S. and South Vietnam between 1965 and 1972. The amount of ammunition fired per soldier was 26 times higher than in World War II. In the northernmost province of South Vietnam, Quang Tri, only 11 out of 35,000 villages were not damaged by bombing or artillery. A survey found that 96 percent of Marine Corps second lieutenants said they would torture prisoners to obtain information.
Turse paints a fresco of casual cruelty and the wholesale destruction of an agrarian society relocated at gunpoint into "strategic hamlets" (a plan dreamed up by Harvard professors like Samuel Huntington) and urban slums. He tells the stories of dozens of individuals, mostly Vietnamese, whose lives were ruined by the war. Pham Thi Luyen, 13 years old on October 21, 1967, when American members of Company B, 1st Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment came to her village of Trieu Ai and massacred a dozen civilians, including her father. Nguyen Thi Lam, a villager from the Mekong Delta, who was gunned down by U.S. helicopters on the morning of May 20, 1968 while at work in the rice paddies; she lost her left leg, her sister-in-law lost her life. (As Turse reports, "Even a U.S. Senate study acknowledged that by that by 1968 some 300,000 civilians had been killed or wounded in free-fire zones.") Bui Thi Houng, gang-raped by five members of a Marine unit as other Marines shot dead her unarmed husband, mother–in-law, and sister-in-law in Xuan Ngoc hamlet on September 23, 1966.
It was a great big homicidal carnival. Sergeant Roy Bumgarner of the Army's 1st Cavalry Division, then the 173rd Airborne Brigade, achieved celebrity within the ranks for his slaughter of Vietnamese civilians, and when in 1969 he was finally court-martialed for the murder of three civilians, his only penalty was a reduction in rank and a monthly fine of $97, which lasted only half a year. Bumgarner stayed on active duty throughout, quickly rose back from private to sergeant, and was one of the last U.S. infantrymen to leave the country. One civil affairs lieutenant involved in the case—and outraged by its lack of consequence—chalked up the light sentence to "the M.G.R.–the Mere Gook Rule" which granted free rein to homicidal violence.
But the relentless violence against civilians was more than the activity of a few sociopaths: it was policy. This was a war fought along Fordist principles—Robert McNamara had gone to the Department of Defense straight from the helm of the auto giant—and the slaughter was industrial in scale. Victory over the Viet Cong was to be achieved by quantifiable "kill ratios," to reach that elusive tipping point where the insurgency could no longer replenish its troops. This approach hard-wired incentives to secure a high "body count" down the chain of command, with the result that U.S. soldiers often shot civilians dead to pad their tallies and thereby move up the ranks.
It was Gen. Julian Ewell who made the killing of Vietnamese civilians into standard operating procedure. Ewell assumed the military command of the Mekong Delta region in early 1968 and immediately upped the requisite body count to 4,000 a month, then to 6,000. At the end of the year, he started Operation Speedy Express, a six-month infantry assault on the delta region, killing thousands of Vietnamese, a great many of whom were civilians. (Civilian war casualties were 80 percent of all patients at provincial hospitals.) Air power raised the killing to industrial scale, with a total of 4,338 gunship sorties, 6,500 tactical air strikes dropping at least 5,078 tons of bombs and 1,784 tons of napalm. One American regional adviser described it as "nonselective terrorism." As another veteran recalled, "A Cobra gunship spitting out six hundred rounds a minute doesn't discern between chickens, kids and VC."
Ewell, known by his men as "the Butcher of the Delta," was awarded a third general's star and made a top U.S. military adviser at the Paris peace talks. His book about the operation was taught at West Point.
Some readers (and many more non-readers) in the United States will reject this knowledge and accuse Turse of beating up the troops, hating America, etc. In fact, Turse shows quite a bit of empathy for the American grunt, a heavily armed teenager in a wholly foreign environment. But he does not look away from the senseless destruction U.S. troops perpetrated, "fueled by a toxic mix of youth, testosterone, racism, anger, boredom, fear, alienation, anonymity, impunity and excitement." Turse will not have Lt. William Calley alone made the fall guy for My Lai, "as if the deaths of more than five hundred civilians, carried out by dozens of men at the behest of higher command, were his fault alone." As the files of the Pentagon's own War Crimes Working Group show, "atrocities were committed by members of every infantry, cavalry and airborne division, and every separate brigade that deployed without the rest of its division—that is, every major army unit in Vietnam."
Telford Taylor, a retired brigadier general and former Nuremberg prosecutor, daringly argued in 1971 for war crimes tribunals that would try American officers—this idea went nowhere. Throughout the war there was a veneer of law regulating the soldiers, but impunity for war crimes was close to absolute. Even when atrocity allegations (usually made in the face of heavy peer pressure and intimidation) did result in investigations, there were few convictions, and such sentences as did get handed down were generally minimal—and then usually reduced further. Most cases were allowed to flounder until collapsing upon the soldier's discharge. (The pattern of impunity is redolent of Central American state violence in the 1980s—except the perpetrators have jarringly non-Latin surnames like Duffy, Cushman, Bowers, Parker.) The War Crimes Working Group, whose files are the backbone of Turse's research, was formed not to investigate and prosecute but to perform damage control: after the My Lai story broke, never again would the military be caught off-guard when an atrocity hit the news.
The main effect of the My Lai news was to provoke a wave of sympathy for Lieutenant Calley, with state legislatures from Mississippi to New Jersey passing resolutions in support of the man, who was under house arrest at Fort Benning. (In Georgia, Calley had a vigorous defender in the young Democratic governor, Jimmy Carter.) Newsweek's Vietnam correspondents, Kevin Buckley and Alex Shimkin, fought a losing battle to make their magazine publish a long story about the systematic nature of wartime atrocities, arguing, like Turse today, that My Lai massacres were widespread and "normal." The magazine eventually published a heavily edited version shorn of its most important findings.
A book with such an elevated atrocity-per-page ratio demands the greatest rhetorical finesse, lest chapters like "A Litany of Atrocities" and "Unbounded Misery" become mere litanies of atrocities of unbounded misery. Turse is up to the task: he doesn't rant, doesn't scold, and his writing never raises its voice. His research is a triumph of the historian's craft, with sources including hundreds of interviews with American veterans and dozens with civilian survivors of atrocities, conducted over several trips to Vietnam. More impressive still is his mastery of archival resources: Turse was bequeathed the copious notes of Newsweek's Buckley and Shimkin, and he has broken new ground with the previously unexplored files of the Army's War Crimes Working Group—which he happened upon in the National Archives and photocopied for several days straight while sleeping in his car in the parking lot. And a good thing he made copies because the drive to suppress memories of Vietnam has entered even the archives: the files were later removed from the shelves.
But the word is out. Turse's book has shifted the focus of the Vietnam War from the stories of American soldiers to the stories of the civilians whose suffering was orders of magnitude higher. It will be the work of others to unpack the implications of this seminal work, which raises so many questions. Do counterinsurgency and pacification campaigns unavoidably lead to rampant slaughter of civilians? (The New York Times marked the 10th anniversary of the Iraq invasion with an op-ed from counterinsurgency guru John Nagl attempting to salvage his pet tactic from blood-soaked ignominy of Afghanistan and Iraq.) Can armies "control" and "protect" a population without routinized atrocity?
And how much of the slaughter was, according the laws of armed conflict, legal? Turse generally sticks to the non-legal term "atrocity" rather than "war crime"—which is very wise, given that the two terms don't overlap as closely as many would like to believe. There is no doubt that American, South Vietnamese, and Viet Cong soldiers violated the laws of armed conflict in their treatment of civilians. The Geneva Conventions on the treatment of enemy prisoners weren't so much flouted as shot in the temple, a finding confirmed by the Pentagon's own investigations and the International Committee of the Red Cross. But how much of the carnage, particularly that stemming from aerial bombardment, was perfectly legit under international humanitarian law? The point is still argued, with military lawyers like W. Hays Parks contending that the "Rolling Thunder" campaign that dropped 640,000 tons of bombs on North Vietnam and killed tens of thousands of civilians was in strict compliance with international law.
Many humanitarian-minded lawyers will bristle at this, but why not admit that the law is on the side of the B-52s, not that of the civilians below? Who do you think wrote the law in the first place? We urgently need to see how the laws of war work in practice, given that so many hawks of both left and right insist that law and lawyers are a viable means of fashioning military force into a precise, therapeutic instrument. But as this book suggests throughout, the primary function of the Rules of Engagement and military law in general is not to restrain lethal force but to authorize it. In Vietnam, the overriding principle of International Humanitarian Law, the current preferred euphemism for the laws of war, turned out to be the Mere Gook Rule.
War puts incredible stress on the rule of law—when not putting it through the shredder—and beneath the law, our sense of justice and morality. Consider the example of U.S. Army Major Carl Hensley, charged with investigating war-crime allegations. Under pressure to suppress his findings, he blew his brains out with a shotgun on the day of April 15, 1971. The military came instantly and removed every piece of paper in the Hensley home. "They pulled the trash cans. They left nothing behind," remembers his daughter Karla Hensley, then a child.
What happens when no honest memories of atrocity get left behind? We learn nothing and repeat the carnage in new places with names like Fallujah, Haditha, and Helmand. We cover ourselves with the "fog of war" like a thick fleece blanket, and those who would lift it from us do not get our thanks. But Nick Turse and his disturbing and necessary book deserve our deepest gratitude.
Chase Madar is an attorney in New York and the author of The Passion of Bradley Manning.
Follow @chmadar
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