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Tumoral Immune Suppression by Macrophages Expressing Fibroblast Activation Protein-α and Heme Oxygenase-1
James N. Arnold, Lukasz Magiera, Matthew Kraman and Douglas T. Fearon
James N. Arnold
Authors' Affiliation: University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Lukasz Magiera
Matthew Kraman
Douglas T. Fearon
The depletion of tumor stromal cells that are marked by their expression of the membrane protein fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) overcomes immune suppression and allows an anticancer cell immune response to control tumor growth. In subcutaneous tumors established with immunogenic Lewis lung carcinoma cells expressing ovalbumin (LL2/OVA), the FAP+ population is comprised of CD45+ and CD45− cells. In the present study, we further characterize the tumoral FAP+/CD45+ population as a minor subpopulation of F4/80hi/CCR2+/CD206+ M2 macrophages. Using bone marrow chimeric mice in which the primate diphtheria toxin receptor is restricted either to the FAP+/CD45+ or to the FAP+/CD45− subset, we demonstrate by conditionally depleting each subset that both independently contribute to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. A basis for the function of the FAP+/CD45+ subset is shown to be the immune inhibitory enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The FAP+/CD45+ cells are the major tumoral source of HO-1, and an inhibitor of HO-1, Sn mesoporphyrin, causes the same extent of immune-dependent arrest of LL2/OVA tumor growth as does the depletion of these cells. Because this observation of immune suppression by HO-1 expressed by the FAP+/CD45+ stromal cell is replicated in a transplanted model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we conclude that pharmacologically targeting this enzyme may improve cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(2); 121–6. ©2013 AACR.
The failure of the immune system to control the growth of immunogenic cancers has been ascribed to two general processes: cancer immunoediting and immune suppression. Immunoediting has been demonstrated in models of autochthonous soft tissue sarcomas induced either by a mutagenic agent, methylcholanthrene (1), or by tissue-specific, Cre/LoxP-regulated expression of oncogenic K-rasG12D and deletion of p53 (2). Tumoral immune suppression has been shown in models of transplanted, ectopic tumors (3), and recently in an autochthonous model of lung adenocarcinoma (4). In relation to immune suppression, progress has been made in the clinic with the introduction of therapeutic antibodies to CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 that antagonize immune checkpoints (5–7). However, as a high frequency of patients do not respond to these therapeutic antibodies, it is appropriate to continue studies of the tumoral stromal cells that have immune-suppressive function, including the cell that is identified by its expression of the membrane dipeptidyl dipeptidase, fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP; ref. 8).
FAP+ stromal cells were first demonstrated in human adenocarcinomas, and subsequently were found in various nonneoplastic, chronic inflammatory lesions (9, 10). Recently, in a genetically modified mouse model in which FAP+ cells express the primate diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR), the conditional depletion of these cells from an established, immunogenic, transplanted tumor caused its growth arrest. The control of tumor growth induced by depleting FAP+ cells depended on adaptive immunity, but did not involve enhanced priming of the CD8+ T cells, leading to the conclusion that FAP+ stromal cells suppressed the function of effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment (8).
Understanding the means of immune suppression by tumoral FAP+ stromal cells is especially challenging because two subtypes occur, a CD45− mesenchymal population and a hematopoietic subset that is CD45+/CD11b+/Gr-1− (8). The present study focuses on the FAP+/CD45+ tumoral cells, demonstrating that they are a subset of inflammatory macrophages with an M2 phenotype that mediate immune suppression by their expression of HO-1.
FAP/enhanced GFP (EGFP) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic (Tg) and FAP/DTR BAC Tg mice have previously been described (8). C57BL/6-Ly5.1 (CD45.1) mice, C57BL/6 Rag2−/−, and C57BL/6 (CD45.2; The Jackson Laboratory) were used as indicated. The use of animals was approved by the Ethical Review Committee at the University of Cambridge and the Home Office, United Kingdom.
Subcutaneous tumor studies and HO inhibition
Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2)/Thy1.1, LL2/Thy1.1-ovalbumin (OVA; original line purchased from American Type Culture Collection), and PDA (TB 11381, D. Tuveson, CRUK Cambridge Institute) were injected into mice, and the subsequent tumors measured as previously described (8). Sn (IV) mesoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnMP; Frontier Scientific) was dissolved in 0.1 mol/L NaOH and diluted using 0.1 mol/L NaHCO3, pH7. For blocking IFN-γ and TNF-α, mice were injected intraperitoneally at day −1 and 0, relative to SnMP administration, with 12.5 μg/g anti-IFN-γ (XMG1.2) and 10 μg/g anti-TNF-α (MP6-XT3) or 22.5 μg/g nonimmune IgG (eBRG1; eBioscience). Tumor tissue was enzyme-digested to release single cells as previously described (8).
Antibodies were purchased from eBioscience unless otherwise stated, the following antibodies were used: CCR2 (R&D Systems), CD3 (145-2C11), CD4 (RM4-5), CD8β (eBioH35-17.2), CD11b (M1/70), CD11c (N418), CD14 (Sa2-8), CD16/32 (93), CD31 (390), CD45 (30-F11), CD45.1 (Biolegend, A20), CD45.2 (Biolegend, 104), CD69 (H1.2F3), F4/80 (BM8), Gr-1 (RB6-8C5), LAMP-1 (eBio1D4B), MHCII (M5/114.15), and Thy1.2 (53-2.1). Anti-mannose receptor (CD206; R&D Systems) was fluorescently conjugated using the Alexa Fluor 488 antibody labeling kit (Invitrogen) before use. Fc receptors were blocked using anti-CD16/32 (BD Bioscience, 2.4G2). Foxp3+ CD4 T cells were stained using the Mouse Regulatory T Cell Staining Kit (eBioscience) according to the manufacturer's protocol. FAP+ cells were stained as previously described (8). Tissue factor-expressing cells were stained with goat anti-tissue factor (R&D Systems) and detected as described for FAP staining (8). Dead cells were excluded using 7-amino actinomycin D (Calbiochem). Data were collected using a BD LSR II cytometer and analyzed using FlowJo software (Treestar Inc.).
Bone marrow chimeras
Bone marrow cells were flushed from the femurs and tibias of male FAP/DTR BAC Tg (CD45.2) or C57BL/6-Ly5.1 (CD45.1) mice and stained for FAP as previously described in PBS, 1% fetal calf serum (8). The streptavidin was phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated (eBioscience). Bone marrow cells were depleted of FAP-expressing cells using anti-PE Microbeads (Miltenyi Biotech) on LD columns according to manufacturer's protocol to prevent transfer of any donor FAP+/CD45− cells present in the bone marrow. FAP-depleted bone marrow cells (10 × 106) were transferred via tail vein injection into recipient female mice, which had been lethally irradiated using a Cesium-137 source irradiator with 2 doses of 6 Gy, 3 hours apart. After 16 weeks, when the bone marrow had reconstituted, LL2/OVA cells were injected. FAP+ cells expressing the FAP/DTR BAC transgene were ablated through the administration of DTX (List Biologicals) at 25 ng/g/24 hours via intraperitoneal injection.
Frozen optimum cutting temperature–embedded tumor tissue, which were grown in FAP/EGFP BAC Tg mice, were sectioned and stained as previously described for the preservation of native GFP fluorescence (8). The following antibodies were used; rat anti-F4/80 (AbD Serotec, CI:A3-1), rabbit anti-HO-1 (Insight Biotechnology, EP1391Y) and these were detected using NL637 goat anti-rat IgG (R&D Systems) and Alexa Fluor-546 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (Invitrogen). Nuclei were stained using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Invitrogen). Images were acquired using a Leica SP2 confocal microscope and associated LCS analysis software.
qRT-PCR analysis
mRNA from tumor tissue and sorted cells was extracted using the Absolutely RNA Miniprep Kit (Agilent Technologies). mRNA from sorted populations was amplified using the Transplex Complete whole transcriptome amplification kit (Sigma-Aldrich), and subsequent cDNA purified using a PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's protocols. qRT-PCR was performed as previously described using the SuperScript III Platinum One-step qRT-PCR system (Invitrogen; ref. 8). The following primer/probes (Applied Biosystems) were used; HO-1 mm00516006_m1, HO-2 mm00468922_m1, IFN-γ mm99999071_m1, Tbp mm01277045_m1, TNF-α mm99999068_m1.
Statistical analysis of tumor growth rates was performed using the "CompareGrowthCurves" function of the statmod software package (11). For comparing treatment groups, a Mann–Whitney U test was used when n was <6 and a two-tailed Student t test when n was ≥6 and greater using GraphPad Prism 6 software.
The present study was prompted by the recent finding that stromal cells expressing the membrane protein, FAP, mediate immune suppression in immunogenic transplanted tumors established with the LL2/OVA cancer cell line (8). Because this report showed that the population of tumoral FAP+ cells comprised CD45+ and CD45− subsets, this first follow-up study addresses the important aim of defining their respective immune-suppressive functions. To characterize the hematopoietic FAP+ stromal cell, which was equally prevalent in LL2 and LL2/OVA tumors (Supplementary Fig. S1), single-cell suspensions derived from subcutaneous LL2/OVA tumors were subjected to flow cytometry analysis after staining with antibodies specific for CD45, F4/80, and FAP. All FAP+/CD45+ cells were present in the F4/80hi population (Fig. 1A), and comprised a mean of 1.3 ± 0.7% of all tumoral cells and approximately 10% of all F4/80hi cells (Fig. 1B). The cell surface phenotype of the FAP+/F4/80hi subset did not differ from that of FAP−/F4/80hi cells, in that all were CCR2+, CD11b+, CD11clo, CD14+, CD16/32+, Gr-1−, MHCIIlo, and CD206+ (mannose receptor; Fig. 1C). The absence of Gr-1 excluded their identity as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (12), and the expression of CD14 indicated that they were not fibrocytes (Fig. 1C; ref. 13). Thus, FAP is expressed by a minor proportion of tumoral macrophages that has an inflammatory M2 phenotype, being CCR2+, MHCIIlo, CD11clo, and CD206+ (Fig. 1C).
FAP expression by tumoral CD45+ cells marks a subpopulation of F4/80hi macrophages. A, a representative FACS dot plot of gated CD45+ cells from a single-cell suspension of an LL2/OVA tumor stained with the additional antibodies shown. B, the proportion of cells in five LL2/OVA tumors that were F4/80hi and either FAP+ or FAP−. C, FACS histograms of gated tumoral FAP+ and FAP− F4/80hi cells stained with the specific antibodies shown (open) and isotype controls (shaded).
To determine whether this FAP+ subset of tumoral F4/80hi macrophages had immune-suppressive function, we generated bone marrow chimeric mice by adoptively transferring male bone marrow from C57BL/6-Ly5.1 or FAP/DTR BAC Tg mice that had been depleted of FAP+ cells into lethally irradiated female recipients that were either C57BL/6-Ly5.1, C57BL/6 (CD45.2), or FAP/DTR BAC Tg (Fig. 2A). In the resulting chimeric mice, peripheral blood leukocytes were always of at least 95% donor origin (Supplementary Fig. S2). The recipient origin of FAP+/CD45− cells in tumors was verified by a lack of the Y chromosome (data not shown). The bone marrow chimeric mice were challenged by subcutaneous injection of LL2/OVA cells. When tumors were established, mice were given DTX for 3 consecutive days, which led to the depletion of only the DTR-expressing subset of tumoral FAP+ cells (Fig. 2B). At the initiation of DTX there was no statistically significant difference in the tumor sizes between the non-Tg control and either DTR chimeric group (P > 0.05) (Supplementary Fig. S3). However, thereafter, there was slowing of tumor growth in both types of DTR chimeric mice, but not in mice lacking the expression of DTR in either FAP+ subset (Fig. 2C). Therefore, FAP+ cells of both hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin have immune-suppressive function, and, in this tumor model, both are required for tumor immune protection.
The selective depletion of DTR-expressing FAP+/CD45+ and FAP+/CD45− tumoral cells from bone marrow chimeric mice by the administration of DTX. A, sketch depicting the donor-recipient combinations for generating the chimeric mice. B, the proportions of each of the two subsets of FAP+ cells in LL2/OVA tumors in individual bone marrow chimeric mice that had received DTX for 3 consecutive days. C, the tumor volumes (left) and the calculated percent change in growth (right) of LL2/OVA tumors in the groups of bone marrow chimeric mice that were given DTX for 3 consecutive days. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
Having determined that the FAP+/F4/80hi stromal cells were capable of immune suppression in the LL2/OVA tumor, we sought a mechanism for this function. The findings of an association of the immunomodulatory enzyme, HO-1, with M2 macrophages (14), and of the M2 phenotype of the FAP+/F4/80hi tumoral cells (Fig. 1C) suggested the possibility that HO-1 may be involved in this process. Indeed, FAP+/F4/80+ cells could be found expressing HO-1 in frozen sections from the tumors grown in the bone marrow chimeric mice lacking the expression of DTR in either FAP+ subset (Supplementary Fig. S4). The FAP+/F4/80+ cells, although distributed throughout the tumor, tended to be localized toward the tumor periphery. To evaluate the relative contribution of FAP+ F4/80+ cells to total tumoral HO-1, LL2 cells were implanted in FAP/EGFP BAC Tg mice in which FAP+ cells expressed EGFP, and frozen sections of the subsequent tumors were assessed by confocal microscopy for EGFP fluorescence, and expression of F4/80 and HO-1 (Fig. 3A). Across three tumors, 75 ± 4.9% of the HO-1–expressing tumoral cells were double positive for EGFP and F4/80 (Fig. 3B). Moreover, HO-1 mRNA was chiefly detected in FACS sort-purified FAP+/F4/80hi cells (Fig. 3C). Therefore, the FAP+/F4/80+ stromal cell comprised the majority of HO-1–expressing cells in the LL2 tumor. It should be noted that there was comparatively little expression of the closely related enzyme HO-2 in LL2/OVA tumors compared with HO-1 (Supplementary Fig. S5).
Expression of HO-1 by the FAP+/F4/80+ tumoral macrophages. A, frozen sections of LL2 tumors from FAP/EGFP BAC Tg mice in which FAP+ cells are identified by native EGFP fluorescence (green) were also stained with DAPI (blue) and antibodies specific for F4/80 (white) and HO-1 (red). B, randomly selected HO-1+ cells across multiple sections and fields were evaluated in three separate LL2 tumors for coexpression of FAP/EGFP and F4/80 (>300 total HO-1+ events were characterized). C, relative HO-1 mRNA expression in subpopulations of FACS-sorted tumoral populations from an LL2/OVA tumor.
To determine whether the expression of HO-1 by the tumoral FAP+/F4/80hi macrophages contributed to their immune suppressive function, C57BL/6 mice bearing established nonimmunogenic LL2 or immunogenic LL2/OVA tumors were treated with SnMP, a specific inhibitor of HO that has no identified off-target effects or toxicities. A response to a porphyrin-related inhibitor of HO-1, the most selective of which is SnMP, has been considered to be indicative of the role of this enzyme in a biologic process (15–20). While inhibition of HO using SnMP did not affect the growth rate of the LL2 tumors (Fig. 4A), it significantly slowed the growth of immunogenic LL2/OVA tumors, with this response occurring as early as 24 hours after the initiation of the treatment (Fig. 4A). The effect of SnMP on the growth of the LL2/OVA tumor was confirmed to be immune-mediated, as the inhibitor had no effect on the growth of LL2/OVA tumors in Rag2−/− mice (Fig. 4A).
Effect of inhibiting HO-1 on adaptive immune- and cytokine-dependent regulation of tumor growth. A, C57BL/6 mice bearing established, nonimmunogenic LL2 or immunogenic LL2/OVA tumors, and Rag2−/− mice with LL2/OVA tumors were treated with daily administration of SnMP (25 μmol/kg) or vehicle control, with the arrow denoting the initiation of treatment. B and C, mice bearing established LL2/OVA tumors were treated with SnMP (25 μmol/kg) or vehicle for 24 hours after which the change in tumor volumes (B) and the expression of TF by CD31+ endothelial cells were measured (C). D, mice bearing LL2/OVA tumors that had been pretreated with neutralizing anti-TNF-α and anti-IFN-γ antibodies or with isotype control antibody were given SnMP (25 μmol/kg) or vehicle, and tumor volumes were measured 24 hours later. The curves describing tumor growth in A were compared for differences using the "CompareGrowthCurves" permutation test. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
A subcutaneous tumor established with a cell line derived from an autochthonous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) also demonstrated the occurrence of FAP+/F4/80+/HO-1+ stromal cells (Supplementary Fig. S6A). Inhibition of HO-1 by the administration of SnMP to C57BL/6 mice bearing established PDA tumors, which induce an immune response to an unknown antigen(s), slowed tumor growth by a mechanism that was immune mediated, as demonstrated by the absence of tumor control in SnMP-treated Rag2−/− mice bearing subcutaneous PDA tumors (Supplementary Fig. S6B and S6C).
The acute cessation of LL2/OVA growth induced by SnMP (Fig. 4B) was not associated with a change in the immune cell composition of the tumors (Supplementary Fig. S7A) or with an increase in the activation state of the tumoral CD8 T cells, as assessed by CD69 and Lamp-1 expression (Supplementary Fig. S7B). Immune control induced by SnMP did correlate with an increase in activated tumoral CD31+ tissue factor+ (TF, coagulation factor III, CD142) endothelial cells (Fig. 4B).
The T-cell cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-γ, act synergistically to activate endothelial cells (21). Because SnMP did not alter the mRNA levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the LL2/OVA tumors (Supplementary Fig. S8), inhibition of HO-1 may have sensitized endothelial cells to these cytokines. For example, one of the products of HO-1, carbon monoxide, suppresses the proapoptotic effects of TNF-α on endothelial cells (22). To address this possibility, mice bearing LL2/OVA tumors were treated with neutralizing antibodies to IFN-γ and TNF-α and then treated with SnMP. In the presence of these anticytokine antibodies, SnMP did not arrest the growth of LL2/OVA tumors (Fig. 4D), consistent with the activity of HO-1 in the tumor microenvironment being related to suppressing the response of endothelial cells to these cytokines.
Of the many studies of HO-1 and inflammation, perhaps the most relevant to the current findings are those demonstrating the ability of this enzyme and its product, carbon monoxide, to suppress rejection of allografts in rodent transplantation models (23). Although this earlier study did not determine which cells expressed HO-1, the present finding that HO-1 is predominantly expressed by tumoral FAP+/F4/80hi cells, when coupled with the demonstration of their immune-suppressive function, is consistent with the theme that the host response to cancers involves tissue-protective processes that occur in other biologic settings. While the molecular basis for the immune suppression that is mediated by the mesenchymal FAP+/CD45− stromal cell remains to be determined, the present findings suggest that SnMP, which has been given to humans to inhibit heme oxygenases (19), may have clinical efficacy in overcoming tumoral immune suppression when HO-1–expressing stromal cells are found to be present.
No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Conception and design: J.N. Arnold, M. Kraman, D.T. Fearon
Development of methodology: J.N. Arnold, L. Magiera, M. Kraman, D.T. Fearon
Acquisition of data (provided animals, acquired and managed patients, provided facilities, etc.): J.N. Arnold, L. Magiera, M. Kraman
Analysis and interpretation of data (e.g., statistical analysis, biostatistics, computational analysis): J.N. Arnold, L. Magiera, D.T. Fearon
Writing, review, and/or revision of the manuscript: J.N. Arnold, L. Magiera, D.T. Fearon
Administrative, technical, or material support (i.e., reporting or organizing data, constructing databases): L. Magiera
This research was supported by the Wellcome Trust, the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and the Anthony Cerami and Anne Dunne Foundation for World Health (to D.T. Fearon). J.N. Arnold was supported by the Irvington Institute Fellowship Program of the Cancer Research Institute.
The authors thank Dr. Alice Denton for tail vein injections of mice, Dr. Brian Huntly for supplying the C57BL/6-Ly5.1 mice (University of Cambridge), Mr. Loic Tauzin for cell sorting, Dr. Stefanie Reichelt and Dr. Alexander Schreiner for advice on confocal microscopy analyses (CRUK Cambridge Institute), and Mr. John Cruise for the preparation of tumor tissue mRNA.
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In my last blog post, I posed the idea that strength training has become a thinking person's sport. Now I want to dig a little deeper and discuss what it means to be a woman who lifts weights.
My original post was inspired by this article that suggests that educated urban professionals see strength training as a brutish, lower-class pursuit. Supposedly, upper-middle class Americans view muscle as "overcompensation for wounded manhood." There is a covert bias in favor of brains over brawn, as if the two are mutually exclusive.
But for women, it was never a class or intelligence issue. It was a gender issue. Men were supposed to be strong. Women were supposed to be petite and soft.
Even just ten years ago it was common for women to think weights would make them bulky and manly. Echos of this are still heard today, but more and more women are rejecting the notion of helpless femininity and getting stronger. I've witnessed firsthand the transition women have made from the treadmill to the squat rack.
When I first started working out in 2003, the women who lifted weights were extremely niche–mostly bodybuilders and figure competitors. But the average woman didn't venture too deep into the free-weight area, only far enough to grab a pair of five or 10 pound dumbbells.
Somewhere along the way, the idea of looking "toned" really took off. And with the rise of social media, a more athletic appearance started to become trendy. Weights are effective for sculpting that kind of body, and so the ripples of strength training started to spread.
At first it was a seemingly aesthetic movement. But as feminist issues became more prominent, strength training also became a means of empowerment for women. This brings us to the present day, where women want to look and be strong. Now I regularly see ladies squatting at least a plate or pressing 20 pound dumbbells. On social media there's no shortage of strong women and female weightlifters and powerlifters winning medals and breaking world records.
Strength training is the progressive woman's sport. This kind of woman is not afraid to be an iconoclast, smashing conventional portrayals of women as weak and subservient.
This applies to both her appearance and behavior. She welcomes hard-earned muscle. She's not ashamed of the calluses on her hands. She tackles heavy weights. There's no concern for what a woman should be, only what she wants to be.
Physical strength begets mental strength. With every rep she completes, she knows that strength training is a discipline as much as it is self care. She pushes herself to progress, to do things she never thought she could. That grit is where she finds her confidence and power.
Mostly against herself. She's striving to do better. Beat her old max. Conquer her old fears. She is constantly evolving into the best version of herself.
She knows that you can be strong and feminine. She wears her iron-born curves proudly. She challenges the notion that to be beautiful is to shrink or be less. Instead, she grows.
The lines between what is gender appropriate continue to get more blurry. The woman who lifts is bold enough to step into "man's territory" and own her strength. She breaks the old rules and makes her own. She lifts to recreate herself.


Love Lauren Layne! . Thanks, Karen and Lauren,. Great newsletter, too, Lauren!
Good morning, Lauren, and welcome back to Karen's Killer Book Bench. Love the excerpt. So fun!! I can't wait to read about Horny's adventures with Lucy and Reece. 🙂 Thanks for sharing your book with us!


Ana M. López was born in Aranda de Duero, Spain, in 1962. She studied Chemistry at the University of Zaragoza where she obtained her Ph.D. in 1991 under the supervision of Professors M. Pilar García and Luis A. Oro. Then she joined the Prof. Esteruelas group. Since 2012, she has been full professor at the University of Zaragoza. Her research interests concern organometallic complexes of the platinum group metals and their applications in homogeneous catalysis.


text:
Fu eletto all'Académie française il 18 dicembre 1997.

È pronipote  di Henri Rouart.

Opere
1974 - La Fuite en Pologne  (Grasset)
1975 - La Blessure de Georges Aslo  (Grasset)
1977 - Les Feux du pouvoir - (Grasset)
1980 - Le Mythomane  (Grasset)
1983 - Avant-guerre - (Grasset)
1985 - Ils ont choisi la nuit - (Grasset)
1987 - Le Cavalier blessé  (Grasset)
1989 - La Femme de proie  (Grasset)
1990 - Le Voleur de jeunesse  (Grasset)
1993 - Le Goût du malheur  (Gallimard)
1994 - Omar, la construction d'un coupable  (Le Fallois)
1995 - Morny, un voluptueux au pouvoir  (Gallimard)
1997 - L'Invention de l'amour  (Grasset)
1998 - La Noblesse des vaincus  (Grasset)
1998 - Bernis, le cardinal des plaisirs  (Gallimard)
2000 - Une jeunesse à l'ombre de la lumière  (Gallimard)
2000 - Discours de réception à l'Académie française  (Grasset)
2001 - Une famille dans l'impressionisme  (Gallimard)
2002 - Nous ne savons pas aimer  (Gallimard)
2003 - Adieu à la France qui s'en va  (Grasset)
2004 - Libertin et chrétien  (Desclée de Brouwer)
2005 - Mes fauves  (Grasset)
2006 - Le Scandale  (Gallimard)
2008 - Devoir d'insolence (Grasset)
2009 - Cette opposition qui s'appelle la vie (Grasset)

Premi letterari
1975 - Prix Roberge;
1977 - Prix Interallié;
1983 - Prix Renaudot;
1985 - Prix de l'Essai dell'Académie française;
1989 - Prix Maurice Genevoix;
1991 - Prix Prince-Pierre-de-Monaco;
1998 - Prix Nouveau Cercle Interallié;
2003 - Prix François-Mauriac de la région Aquitaine;
2012 - Prix du Guesclin e prix Combourg.

Onorificenze

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Membri dell'Académie française

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A new "fiscal union" treaty engineered by Germany to confront the euro crisis came with historic overtones last week. But whether the deal can staunch the immediate crisis facing Italy, Greece, and Spain is unclear as this week a slightly sour mood settled over the Continent.
Governments including Ireland, Sweden, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Finland, and The Netherlands face questions about ceding budgetary sovereignty to the European Union. It is a week so far of strikes over austerity, lackluster growth forecasts, doubts about German Commerzbank, and a continued flirting by Italy with a prohibitive 7 percent borrowing rate figure for both five- and 10-year bonds. The euro today dropped to a near-one-year low on fears of ongoing instability, while London's FTSE-100 index lost more than 2 percent and France's CAC-40 index fell more than 3 percent.
French officials continue to brace for a possible loss of the nation's AAA rating, even as Fitch Ratings forecast a "significant" downturn in the eurozone and Moody's put eight Spanish banks on review for a downgrade.
French Socialist presidential candidate François Hollande says the fiscal union concept agreed to last Friday by 26 EU members — Britain did not join in — to tighten fiscal discipline, lacks a significant growth component, and vowed to renegotiate it if elected next spring.
Last Friday's treaty was hailed as a kind of landmark and a triumph for German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The deal represents a greater institutional effort to force budgetary oversight on eurozone members to hew to targets agreed to years ago in the Maastricht Treaty, a founding treaty of the European Union, impose sanctions on violators, and mend complex institutional flaws. A permanent "stability fund" to be capped at €500 billion will come online a year early. The new treaty rules essentially create "more Europe" as Ms. Merkel puts it, albeit a more German-influenced Europe, and will theoretically avert new crises.
Yet whether European leaders have thwarted the immediate crisis on their doorstep is the question.
The Dec. 9 summit was only the most recent in two years of summits that have been criticized as offering too little and too late, creating uncertainty about Europe's resolve in markets and causing frenzied attacks on Irish and Portuguese bonds that eventually forced those countries into bailouts. The crisis was spawned by a huge Greek debt first revealed in December 2009.
December has always been a slower month in Europe, with many executives hitting the ski slopes, and the holiday season has often acted as its own kind of "firewall" from aggressive market action.
Already, whether an estimated €200 billion agreed to in the treaty summit to help prevent an Italian or Spanish default can be funneled through the International Monetary Fund is unclear, with Czech and German officials balking and US and Japanese officials questioning the approach of using the IMF for such dedicated funds, according to the news site EUobserver.com.
As the euro crisis has unfolded it has also deepened a long running existential question over what it means to be European, and what model the EU will run under.
France and southern European nations want more economic integration and pooling of resources, especially through the European Central Bank; Germany and northern Europeans are inclined to agree, but only after spendthrift peripheral countries bring their affairs in order.
It will still take four months or more for any new EU treaty to be approved. Referendums in some countries and parliamentary approval in others could still change the ultimate list of signatories as questions about sovereignty over taxing and spending powers are debated. The rules for the 26 EU nations and those for the 17-member eurozone require further clarification.
"This agreement will no doubt be questioned in the coming weeks, both in terms of whether all of the countries will actually pass the necessary legislation [and in some cases potentially win a referendum] and also whether it is truly enforceable," an HSBC research note said.


text:
package org.kaazing.gateway.management.system;

/**
 * Do full management processing for both service and session. This is only done on non-management session requests.
 * <p/>
 * ALL REQUESTS WILL BE ON ONE OR ANOTHER OF THE IO THREADS, SO MUST NOT BLOCK!
 */
public class FullManagementSystemStrategy extends NullManagementSystemStrategy {

    @Override
    public void gatherStats(final AbstractSystemManagementBean dataProvider) {
        dataProvider.gatherStats();
    }

    @Override
    public void continueGatherStats(AbstractSystemManagementBean dataProvider) {
        dataProvider.continueGatherStats();
    }

    @Override
    public void stopGatherStats(final AbstractSystemManagementBean dataProvider) {
        dataProvider.stopGatherStats();
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "FULL_GATHER_STRATEGY";
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Orlando Area Chapter Historical Perspective
Insight from longstanding FPRA members: Dr. Bob Davis, APR, CPRC and Roger Pynn, APR, CPRC
Compiled by Nancy DeVault
In honor of FPRA celebrating its 75th anniversary, the Orlando Area Chapter (OAC) is pleased to share insight into the history of our chapter. In 1956, the Orlando Area Chapter (formerly known as the Orange Blossom Chapter) was among the first to be established – a founding year for fellow chapters Tampa, Jacksonville, and Capital. Special thanks to two dedicated members for sharing their insight into Orlando's success: Dr. Bob Davis, APR, CPRC, retired division head of the Advertising/Public Relations program at UCF, and Roger W. Pynn, APR, CPRC, president of Curley & Pynn.
Reflections of Roger Pynn, APR, CPRC:
In the early to mid-70s, the FPRA Orlando Area Chapter (then known as the Orange Blossom Chapter) was comprised of a few true public relations practitioners and a variety of sales/marketing representatives from hotel/hospitality, retail, real estate organizations, and some retired journalists. Many of these members had some "community relations" responsibilities, yet few were the specialized PR professionals that we encounter in our association today.
As years past, OAC member Dr. Bob Davis spearheaded a group of PR leaders in an effort to expand the ranks of FPRA locally, restrict membership to appropriate PR professionals, and build a profile for the association within the business community. This re-organization led to the change of chapter name (from the Orange Blossom Chapter to the Orlando Area Chapter), rapid membership growth, and the development of key projects that became the centerpieces of our ability to engage prospective members. Some of the association-changing activities included:
The Orange Blossom Roasts & Toast (original title), with OAC member Joe Curley, APR, CPRC serving as the first chairman in 1978. The event objective was to demonstrate that PR could be a powerful tool to unite the community in support of higher education. Specifically, the proceeds provided scholarships to future PR practitioners at the University of Central Florida and eventually Rollins College. In addition to raising funds for higher education, the Roast & Toast proved to be the catalyst and model for what became a statewide network of dinner functions to honor community leaders. Honorees included FPRA Founder Dick Pope, Sr., golfing legend Arnold Palmer, various mayors, bankers, theme park executives, and many others. Contributions from the Dick Pope Roast were used to establish the forerunner of the Rosen School of Hospitality at UCF by creating the Dick Pope Institute for Tourism Studies.
Professional development workshops, which continue within the association today, became the heart of our programs, to put emphasis on continuing education for our members. Specialized workshops now also offer insight into the role of public relations for non-profit managers and others.
Member communication was not an initial priority for the OAC, but it became the central theme of FPRA efforts to build a dynamic chapter. Joe Curley stepped up and said "if you are willing to be the first 'new era president' I'll give you a newsletter that gets the members connected and excited." He kept his word to establish such communication. It was that FPRA partnership that led to the development Curley & Pynn Public Relations Management…a company that lives on today more than 28 years after we jumped corporate ship in 1984!
As I recall, people who were critical to our success during that 'new era' were: Truman "Duffy" Myers, now retired VP of PR at what was Y Partnership – a former Disney PR exec who made things happen; the late Nick Gornell (one of those old time "sales" members who also had PR experience) – who pitched in tirelessly to manage projects, including the Roast of the late Frank Hubbard; Jean Glascoff, former PR director for a local savings & loan and the Orlando Regional Chamber — though now living in Atlanta, Jean was an energetic force behind membership development; Dave Wilson, partner in Fraily, Wilson, Shadduck & Roether…and other committed advertising and public relations firms that poured resources into FPRA and specifically the Roast & Toast program.
There were so many more FPRA game changers and successful, plus countless stories to tell; but, my personal favorite was the "wine we kept on drinking." At the Orlando Area Chapter's first Roast & Toast, a local wine merchant – a client of one of our members – donated 50 cases of red wine (a kind none of us had ever heard of before called "Zinfandel"). The host hotel waived the corkage fee and allowed us to make a huge profit on the event because we didn't have to pay for liquor or even a fee to bring it in. The event had so much wine left over, that our members drank it like soda pop at that year's holiday party. We still had several cases left that finally ended up gifting bottles to chapter officers. I still have one bottle of that 1974 Sonoma Zinfandel in my wine cabinet! It turned out later to be a classic California Red Wine featured in the Wine Spectator as the best Zinfandel ever (thanks FPRA). I'm sure it has turned to vinegar by now, but it's kept as a memory of what my fellow FPRA members and I created all those years ago.
Of course, the story has continued, as did our FPRA-OAC successes. Joe Curley went on to become FPRA State President. Since that time, the Orlando Area Chapter has won countless awards, provided association leaders for decades, and remains a powerhouse resource for professionals.
Take a look at all 30 years of Orlando Area Chapter Roast & Toast!
"The Roast & Toast event was held annually until 2008, an impressive accomplishment for FPRA as not many fundraisers in Greater Orlando have lasted 30 years," explains Dr. Bob Davis, APR, CPRC. Dr. Davis, who worked on all Roast & Toast Committees, also served as the advisor, from 1981 to 2008, for the Quotes, the FPRA student chapter at the University of Central Florida.
Reflections of Dr. Bob Davis, APR, CPRC
When I left UCF in 2008, we had awarded 214 scholarships through this program to impact future PR practitioners. In recent years, the Orlando Area Chapter transitioned the Roast & Toast program into the MERGE Networking & Scholarship Series. Though less formal, this program effort still continues to engage members and award student scholarships.
Quotes started as the Ad/PR club in 1981. In 1983, the board voted to affiliate with FPRA and with Orlando Area Chapter as sponsor and FPRA chartered the club. Kay Bartholomew, APR, was the state president and an Orlando Member and presented the charter. The club grew to become the largest chapter in FPRA (150 members). During the period when I advised the club (1981-2008), the total membership reached 1,586!
The club created Intern Pursuit, Communication Day, and the Knight Images Awards. FPRA-OAC members, many of whom were alumni of both Quotes and UCF, came to campus to present programs to students. Quotes members enjoyed the opportunity to serve as volunteers on Roast & Toast and Image Awards. Eventually, many of these students went on to join FPRA-OAC committees and boards following graduation, and several even become chapter presidents.
View images of Quotes through the years with this slideshow!
Leave a Comment »	| 33 November 2012	| Permalink
Chapter Rewind: Members Attend PR NOW! Professional Development Workshop
Approximately 67 public relations professionals attended the PR NOW! Professional Development Workshop held last month at Rollins College. Attendees enjoyed a variety of sessions and a captivating keynote presentation delivered by Wawa's public relations manager and area manager. Attendees were engaged with topics that are important NOW in the evolving environment of the public relations profession. Program topics included:
Wawa Fever: Creating Buzz in a New Market – Lori Bruce, Wawa Public Relations Manager & Charlene Marko-Heim, Wawa Area Manager
Crisis Communications – Sara Brady, Sara Brady Public Relations
Working with bloggers/social media – Rachelle Lucas, travel blogger
Learn How Research Can Generate Mouthwatering PR – Lynnette Leathers, Mindspot Research
Pitching to the Media – Marni Jameson, Orlando Sentinel
Click here to view event photos.
This event raised $140 for student scholarships. Special thanks to the event co-chairs — Julie Primrose and Lauren Hyer, APR; and to our sponsors — Rollins College, Hard Rock, Kissimmee Utility Authority and The Printers.
Member Profile: Jean Kingsford
Professional Role: Communications Manager, MVP Sports Clubs at RDV Sportsplex
Years in FPRA: 6
Favorite FPRA Event: "My favorite FPRA event was the Roast & Toast. The year I chaired the event, we had the privilege of honoring legendary Orlando restaurateur Manny Garcia. We had an amazing time raising $35,000 for scholarships at UCF and Rollins." (FPRA-OAC will host the next scholarship fundraiser at the RDV Sportsplex Ice Den on December 7, 2012.)
Explanation of your job: "I love my job! I manage internal and external communications promoting health and wellness at MVP Sports Clubs — the sports facility management company of RDV Sportsplex and eight other athletic clubs/sports facilities in Central Florida and West Michigan equating to more than 30,000 members. I perform a myriad of functions (just like all my FPRA peers) including writing/editing two regional magazines, community relations, media relations, and managing/expanding MVP's social media presence (through 10 Facebook pages, Twitter, YouTube, Pinterest, Instagram and anything else that was invented between the time I sent this in and the time you are reading it)."
Exciting Achievement: "Hands down…my most exciting achievement has been raising my three amazing sons — David, Sam and Jake. I took a break in my career to stay at home with them and am grateful to have had the opportunity and privilege to be a full-time Mom."
Fun fact: "While visiting Los Angeles, my fiancé, Dave Collins, and I met and had dinner with D-Day from "Animal House" and his wife, Gloria. She even gave me her gazpacho recipe which I plan to try."
Contact info: jkingsford@mvpsportsclubs.com and on Twitter @jeanbrinker
FPRA Toy Drive at Member Breakfast
The University Club, host to FPRA-OAC breakfast programs, is leading a toy drive to benefit Toys from Tyler Inc and you're invited to contribute. Tyler Youtz beat stage IV neuroblastoma in 2005. During treatment, he decided to bring a toy to his friend who would be spending Christmas in the hospital. This single act of kindness has evolved into a remarkable toy drive that impacts many Central Florida children affected by illness during the holiday season.
To support the cause, please bring a new, unwrapped toy to the FPRA-OAC chapter event on Thursday, November 15.
Toys from Tyler Toy Drive Flier
MERGE Event: Family Skate Night & Scholarship Fundraiser
FPRA-OAC members and their families are invited to a fun-filled night of ice skating, sponsored by Bright House Networks. Join us on Friday, November 30th at 7 p.m. -9:45 p.m. at the RDV Sportsplex Ice Den. Enjoy hot chocolate, coffee or popcorn and brave the ice while socializing with public relations professionals. To help support the FPRA scholarship fund, entry donations are requested: $10 adults; $5 children.
Proceeds to benefit UCF's Nicholson School of Communications Roast & Toast scholarship and the Organizational Communication Program of the Hamilton Holt School at Rollins College.
MERGE Family Ice Skate & Fundraiser – Event Flier
It's Not Too Late To Renew Your Membership!
Did you miss the October 31st deadline to renew? Don't worry…there is still time to renew before a $25 late fee is assessed. Your membership offers a multitude of professional resources including local and statewide networking, professional development workshops, a recognized job bank, first-class industry events (members receive a discounted rate), an opportunity to attend annual state conference, leadership opportunities, committee involvement, and much more. If you have any questions about renewing your membership, contact Sara Channing, Vice President of Membership at 407-303-8213.
You are currently browsing the archives for the 33 November 2012 category.


Hand towels are small towels that are perfect for placing on a small rack or rail beside your sink, drying your hands quickly without making a mess on the floor with dripping hands. The soft and absorbent cotton feels smooth against skin, so you can dry effectively without any irritation to your hands. Coming with a deep navy colour, the cord towel looks great in any urban setting, giving a rich, sophisticated touch to the décor.


All this week, people from Southern Sudan have been casting their vote in a referendum to decide if they should become their own nation. Twenty-year-old Nyuol Tong was born in Sudan. He spent much of his childhood surrounded by civil war and living in refugee camps. He is now a student at Duke University, and will be traveling to Alexandria, Virginia on Friday to vote. Also - the story of another Sudanese immigrant who's waiting intently for the voting results, and the one thing he held onto from the war. And: volunteers in medicine.


Github is the online service where the Joomla code is hosted and maintained. Here is the place where the updates are born, reviewed and tested, time before they are released.
Did you find a bug in Joomla that you want to fix?
In this post, I'll share a basic guide to help you submit your code to the Joomla CMS Project by using Github. Let's start!
It is important to be familiar with Github; you don't need to be an expert, though.
It is necessary to create a copy of the Joomla CMS repository first.
Go to the Joomla CMS repository.
Click Fork button, and wait until the process finish.
A copy of the Joomla core will be available as a new repository through your own Github account.
My username is htmgarcia, so my repository is available at github.com/htmgarcia/joomla-cms.
Find "joomla-cms" - This is your copy of Joomla's code.
To confirm you're indeed inside your copy of Joomla's code (and not in the original), look for the details on top where it mention: your-github-username/joomla-cms, and below shows the original repository location.
Feel free to edit them based on the contribution you want to make, such as improvements, bug fixes, design suggestions, etc.
My example will be dummy; the purpose of this "improvement" is to illustrate the next steps.
I navigate through templates / protostar / css / because I want to edit template.css.
Click Edit - the pencil icon.
Once you finish, scroll down and click Commit changes button.
An update message will confirm the file has been updated.
At this point, you modified the code in your own copy of Joomla.
The next step is to do a pull request, which means submit your changes from your copy of Joomla to the original repository.
The base fork should be joomla/joomla-cms with "staging" as base.
Head fork should be your-github-username/joomla-cms with "staging" selected in compare box.
If everything is correct you can click Create pull request.
Pull request for issue - If your changes are intended to solve an existing issue from this list, type the number here.
Write a brief summary of your changes.
Provide detailed instructions to test your improvements.
Click Create pull request button when you're done.
Joomla volunteers from the community will check your code, test and based on the results they will decide if worth to merge your improvements into the master branch.
Your pull request from previous step will be publicly available from here.
Pay attention during the next hours and/or days to the discussion that your pull request will generate. It is important to be part of the conversation until your contribution is accepted or not as part of the Joomla core.
If you want to know more about contributing to Joomla, read Filing bugs and issues document.


Our best in class radiologists, technologists, and knowledgeable staff create a standard of care and patient experience second to none.
We balance exceptional clinical quality with care and consideration. With PDI's multi-modality offering at its ImageLink managed centers, you now have access to all of your diagnostic testing needs.


text:
Q: Ansible: how to get output to display I have the following playbook, Playbook with output
There are currently no errors and it runs fine. However, it does not display the output to the console. I have come across this with other playbooks and got around it by adding the following task to the playbook:
-debug: var=output.stdout_lines

and it prints the output. However, I tried to do the same thing in the
above playbook and it says that the variable was undefined (code not
shown because it didn't work).
Is anyone aware of a better way to get the output to print to the console without using -debug? Any ansible references would be greatly appreciated.

A: Every Ansible task when run can save its results into a variable. To do this, you have to specify which variable to save the results into. Do this with the register parameter, independently of the module used.
Once you save the results to a variable you can use it later in any of the subsequent tasks. So for example if you want to get the standard output of a specific task you can write the following:
---
- hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - shell: ls
      register: shell_result

    - debug:
        var: shell_result.stdout_lines

Here register tells ansible to save the response of the module into the shell_result variable, and then we use the debug module to print the variable out.
An example run would look like the this:
PLAY [localhost] ***************************************************************

TASK [command] *****************************************************************
changed: [localhost]

TASK [debug] *******************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => {
    "shell_result.stdout_lines": [
        "play.yml"
    ]
}

Responses can contain multiple fields. stdout_lines is one of the default fields you can expect from a module's response.
Not all fields are available from all modules, for example for a module which doesn't return anything to the standard out you wouldn't expect anything in the stdout or stdout_lines values, however the msg field might be filled in this case. Also there are some modules where you might find something in a non-standard variable, for these you can try to consult the module's documentation for these non-standard return values.
Alternatively you can increase the verbosity level of ansible-playbook. You can choose between different verbosity levels: -v, -vvv and -vvvv. For example when running the playbook with verbosity (-vvv) you get this:
PLAY [localhost] ***************************************************************

TASK [command] *****************************************************************
(...)
changed: [localhost] => {
    "changed": true,
    "cmd": "ls",
    "delta": "0:00:00.007621",
    "end": "2017-02-17 23:04:41.912570",
    "invocation": {
        "module_args": {
            "_raw_params": "ls",
            "_uses_shell": true,
            "chdir": null,
            "creates": null,
            "executable": null,
            "removes": null,
            "warn": true
        },
        "module_name": "command"
    },
    "rc": 0,
    "start": "2017-02-17 23:04:41.904949",
    "stderr": "",
    "stdout": "play.retry\nplay.yml",
    "stdout_lines": [
        "play.retry",
        "play.yml"
    ],
    "warnings": []
}

As you can see this will print out the response of each of the modules, and all of the fields available. You can see that the stdout_lines is available, and its contents are what we expect.
To answer your main question about the jenkins_script module, if you check its documentation, you can see that it returns the output in the output field, so you might want to try the following:
tasks:
  - jenkins_script:
      script: (...)
    register: jenkins_result

  - debug:
      var: jenkins_result.output

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Liběšice is a municipality and village in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

Liběšice lies approximately  south-west of Louny,  south-west of Ústí nad Labem, and  west of Prague.

Administrative parts
Villages of Dobříčany, Dubčany, Kluček, Lhota and Líčkov are administrative parts of Liběšice.

Notable people
Oskar Brázda (1887–1977), painter; lived in Líčkov from 1925 and died there

References

Villages in Louny District


I read this whole thread hoping that it would all work out for Slim (Justin), only to find that it ends like this? Has ANYONE heard ANYTHING from Slim?
Jim Krupa, if you are still around here, have YOU heard anything? This is a terribly disturbing series of events and I wish someone could update us on Slim's health most importantly. Good people shouldn't be treated this way!
Justin I'am currently going thru the same thing with EXPLORER INS and the worse thing about it, is that they do make you feel like you are behind it and may be involved with the loss or theft of your vehicle.
Which company is real and which one will attempt fraud.


My paintings are based on dividing lines and spaces, which are square or rectangles using Golden means 1.61 within a rectangular shape of a canvas with careful placing of symbols that evoke or imagine an emotional thought by a viewer. Divisions are based on the Fibonacci sequence. Within adjacent rectangles and squares are subjects that either are on the edge of falling, failing or being saved by weightless balanced classical forms. To explain my intentions in a recent painting, my use of free floating Levitating clouds versus heavy spheres and rock formation grounded by gravity is the perfect harmony of Balance and order versus chaos of dealing with forces of everyday life. Levitation (levitas "lightness") is a symbol by which one is suspended against ones own fears in a stable position.
"Philosophically, I have absorbed and interpreted the duality of chaos and control ; in my artwork using illusionistic concepts merged with perceived reality mirror that feeling of Balance and harmony." COPYRIGHT/TRADEMARKS The trademarks, Logos, Artistic Names and Digital Images are properties of Masoud Yasami 1968-2019. Users are prohibited from using any Names for any purpose including, but not limited to use as metatags on other pages or sites on the World Wide Web without the written permission of MASOUD YASAMI. All information and content including any digital images available on or through the Site ("Content") is protected by copyright. Users are prohibited from modifying, copying, distributing, transmitting, displaying, publishing, selling, licensing, creating derivative works or using any Content available on or through the Site for commercial or public purposes.
fibonacci, art of balancing act, yasami, fibonacci artgallery, fineartist, finearts of arizona, arts in California, yasami, Art Galleries, venice art walk artist, yasami art of balancing.


BALLYMENA United travel to Solitude on Saturday afternoon to face Cliftonville in the Danske Bank Premiership, after a three week break from action.
The sides last met in a Europa League Play-Off semi-final at the end of last season, the Reds running out 4-0 winners and ending the Sky Blues hopes of European qualification.
After losing 3-1 on aggregate in the 1st qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League, Cliftonville have went on to win 2, draw 2 and lose 3 of their league games, leaving them in 7th place in the Danske Bank Premiership with 8 points.
They overcame Lisburn Distillery 5-1 and 5-0 at Solitude to secure berths in the third round of the BetMcLean League Cup and second round of the Toals Co Antrim Shield.
United have had an excellent start to their league campaign, losing a single league game 4-0 at Mourneview Park, drawing with league champions Crusaders at Seaview, and defeating Dungannon Swifts 2-0 at Stangmore Park, Ards 2-1 at Bangor Fuels Arena and Warrenpoint Town 6-1 in their last game which will have been 3 weeks ago on Saturday, leaving the Braidmen sitting 5th in the league on 10 points with 2 games in hand over leaders Linfield who have 17 points.
They secured a berth in the third round of the BetMcLean League Cup, where they will face Harland & Wolff Welders, thanks to a 5-1 win over Dollingstown at Dixon Park, and are facing the Welders in the first round of the Toals Co Antrim Shield, the date for that game to be arranged after the scheduled tie was postponed due to storm Ali.
Seven Towers Ballymena United Supporters Club bus leaves Henry Street Car Park at 2:00pm.
The PSNI have asked us to convey this information regarding the match against Cliftonville on Saturday afternoon.
Referee: Jamie Robinson. Assistant 1: Andrew Nethery. Assistant 2: Ryan Kelsey. 4th Official: Chris Morrison.
It's been a long break for the Sky Blues with no competitive football for 3 weeks, but the management team have had them training hard over the past few weeks. While Cliftonville did defeat United in the Braidmen's last game of the season at Solitude in May, Johnny McMurray and Johnny Flynn game Ballymena a 2-1 in the previous meeting at the North Belfast venue in April. It's all up for grabs on Saturday afternoon so make your way to Solitude and be loud and proud in support of YOUR team - Come On Sky Blues!


text:
Home » Tech » Microsoft receives patent for ledger-independent token service
Microsoft receives patent for ledger-independent token service
Tech 2 September 2021
U.S. tech giant Microsoft has secured a patent for a ledger-independent token service at a time when global behemoths are increasingly filing blockchain patents. The patent lays out a system for managing all kinds of tokens, regardless of the blockchain network in which they are deployed.
The computer software and consumer electronics giant, which is the world's second-largest company filed the patent with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on February 25, 2019. The office awarded the patent to Microsoft Technology Licensing, a Microsoft subsidiary, on August 24.
The 'ledger-independent token service' will provide users with "one or more token templates […] where each token template corresponds to a type of physical or digital asset." It will be a unified interface on which users can manage their tokens throughout their lifecycle. Developers can "write code for transacting with and managing tokens in a manner that is agnostic of the underlying distributed ledger networks/platforms on which the tokens are deployed."
Microsoft is seeking to allow developers to build applications involving tokens more easily and efficiently than ever before, it claims. Developers will no longer have to dwell on "token-specific code in order to interact with such tokens via their applications; instead, the developers can rely on the template-derived attributes/functions of the tokens to interact with them in a generic and portable fashion."
In addition, developers can now write code for managing tokens that's agnostic of the underlying ledger network on which the tokens were originally deployed. This will, according to Microsoft, make development more efficient for emerging business use cases that involve crossing ledger boundaries.
The Redmond, Washington-based tech giant has shown an interest in blockchain technology for some time. Earlier this year, it partnered with Indian cloud communication firm Tanla to launch a blockchain-based messaging service. Known as Wisely, it was touted to be a communication platform-as-a-service that offers secure and trusted communication experiences.
Watch: CoinGeek Zurich panel, Non-Fungible Tokens
https://youtu.be/hwGJwODUuOU
Video can't be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: Non-Fungible Tokens on BSV with Charles Miller | CG Zurich (https://youtu.be/hwGJwODUuOU)
tokenization


Ralph Breaks the Internet just hit theaters, and the many audience members are being treated to cameos from some of their favorite Disney characters. The Disney Princess scene is stealing all the spotlight, but the directors cut cameos from four of Disney's most well known and beloved characters: The Golden Girls.
Yes, you read that right. The Golden Girls were almost in Ralph Breaks the Internet, but they were cut because it was too confusing why they were there in the first place.
Some explanation is in order. In Ralph Breaks the Internet, Wreck-It Ralph and Vanellope von Schweetz journey into the internet to find a piece for Vanellope's broken arcade game. That search eventually sends Vanellope to Oh My Disney, a real-life website dedicated to all things Disney. The site is filled with lists, clips, and quizzes about popular Disney properties -- and that apparently includes The Golden Girls.
Ralph co-directors Rich Moore and Phil Johnston told Yahoo Entertainment they were surprised to find the Disney site was filled with Golden Girls content. A quick search on the website and one can find dozens of Golden Girls articles, including one called "Literally Just Golden Girls Gifs." The reason that the award-winning sitcom about four sassy women living together appears so often on the site is that the characters are technically owned by Disney. This gave the co-directors the idea to include them in the movie.
So, Blanche, Rose, Dorothy and Sophia were thrown into the movie animatic, but they were removed because if you aren't familiar with Oh My Disney or with the internet's obsession with the show, then you probably wouldn't understand why The Golden Girls are there. It was just too confusing, so the foursome was cut from the film in favor of easier to grasp cameos like Buzz Lightyear or Stormtroopers.
Well, maybe cutting The Golden Girls is a hard slap to those who love the sitcom, but there is plenty else to love in Ralph Breaks the Internet. The sequel is getting positive reviews from critics and it's doing well at the box office with a five-day projection of $84 million. The sequel is supposed to be a fun imagining of what the internet looks like with plenty of Disney fan service thrown in for good measure.
There are no Golden Girls to be found, but you can see plenty else in Ralph Breaks the Internet, which is out in theaters right this moment. To learn more about the movie before going to your showing, here's everything we know so far. For everything else that Disney has coming down the pipeline in the coming year, be sure to check out our handy Disney movie release guide to plan your theater visits.


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Q: Trying to remove leading zero and white spaces using REGEX I have a series of phone numbers that I need to remove the leading zeros and any spaces between the numbers from.
So far I have got the following Regex expression:
^[^1-9A-Z]+

But need to add the ability to remove any spaces between numbers.
For example I want
012345 6789

to become:
123456789

Any help would be greatly appreciated!

A: You replace this pattern with an empty string:
^0+|\s+

The regex consists of two parts, ^0+ and \s+. The regex will match when any of these parts matches. ^0+ matches one or more 0s at the start of the string. \s+ matches one or more whitespace characters.

A: Just use | to select either the leading zeros/non-number/non-word characters, OR any spaces, and replace with the empty string:
/^[^1-9A-Z]+|\s/

https://regex101.com/r/j9VJSA/1

A: $ echo "012345 6789" | sed -e 's/^0*//' -e 's/\([0-9]*\)\s\([0-9]*\)/\1\2/g'
123456789

$ echo "012345 6789 876" | sed -e 's/^0*//' -e 's/\([0-9]*\)\s\([0-9]*\)/\1\2/g'
123456789876

$ echo "0012345 6789 876 54" | sed -e 's/^0*//' -e 's/\([0-9]*\)\s\([0-9]*\)/\1\2/g'
12345678987654

Explain:

*

*^0* to match all leading 0

*\s means space

*[0-9] to match any single number

*[0-9]* to match any numbers

*\( and \)  use to group

*\1 and \2 to pick the group


The Recording department of the Probate Judge Office is located at 260 Cedar Bluff Road. The duties of the Recording Department include the recording, indexing, and preserving of public documents, such as deeds, mortgages, judgments, liens, certificate of formation or termination (ie. Corporations and LLC), etc. This department provides viewing stations and record books for the public to access the recorded information. Internet access is not currently available for any recorded documents.


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"They do a tremendous amount for charity here and not just the Hollywood wives who want to put on their best Givenchy and go out and pat little kids on the head in hospital." -Jackie Collins on Hollywood wives
CONCERT, THE
After being humiliatingly fired mid-concert as the conductor of the Bolshoi Orchestra for hiring Jewish musicians, Andrei Simoniovich Filipov (Alexei Guskov) is demoted to janitor. Thirty years later, while cleaning the boss' office, a fax comes in from the Châtelet Theater in Paris, urgently wanting to book the orchestra to fill an unexpected gap: the Los Angeles Philharmonic has to cancel their dates. It's short notice but Andrei sees a chance to finish his Tchaikovsky concerto for orchestra and violin - with the scattered ragtag musos he once worked with masquerading as the Bolshoi, with guest violinist, the sublime Anne-Marie Jacquet (Mélanie Laurent). It's an audacious plan and is forever threatened with failure, but with good will and good luck, the musos get to Paris. That's when their real troubles start, and Andrei faces a decision about a personal secret that he isn't sure he wants to divulge.
The past, present and future all come together in the rousing final scene of The Concert, a drama that doubles as a comedy of errors, in which music symbolises the epitome of harmony and happiness. In particular, the music is Tchaikovsky's Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in D major and the concert is the incongruous coming together of many intangibles including a cobbled-together orchestra, a conductor who has not conducted for 30 years and a young violin star yearning for the parents she has never known. Everyone has a different agenda, including the KGB, the mafia, a talent agent and the Paris theatre director, in whose splendid establishment the film's climactic scenes play out. It's a film of highs and lows and wonderful contrasts and whose emotional palette tilts from the high to the low-brow.
It takes no time at all for us to catch on to the fact that Aleksei Guskov's Andreï Filipov, once an acclaimed conductor, is now working as a cleaner at the Bolshoi. A wild idea becomes a reality when an opportunity in the form of a piece of paper slides out of a fax machine. It is clear when Filipov and his cellist turned ambulance driver Sacha Grossman (Dmitri Nazarov) approaches Ivan Gavrilov (Valeriy Barinov) to negotiate the fraudulent deal with Paris' Theatre du Chatelet, that they have a turbulent history. 'We have to be demanding and temperamental,' Gavrilov insists as the conditions are set and we quickly see the obstacles that need to be overcome. Watch out for the airport scene in which 55 unlikely-looking Russian musicians are queuing up with their ID photos for their fake passports. And watch for the Paris restaurant scene in which Gavrilov is the only customer and a belly-dancer is instructed to dance for him.
Director Radu Mihaileanu's film is an ambitiously complex one that marries the sublime with the ridiculous. Brashness and elegance sit side by side from language gaffs to the harmonious music that communicates far better than words. It doesn't always work flawlessly but the imperfections don't spoil the overall impact. Mélanie Laurent is perfectly cast as star violinist Anne-Marie Jacquet, while Miou-Miou is great as Guylène the agent and confidante who knows more about the intervals between the notes than she lets on. The Concert is the unification of the individual and the collective, whose dreams miraculously transpire by default or by design and whose journey is as unique as the notes Tchaikovsky has written in his marvellous Concerto.
There's a wealth of material tucked into this screenplay, layer upon layer of references and footnotes on politics, history and histrionics, secrets and ridicule, themes of professional revenge and redemption - plus thunderously good music to finish things off. The film's tone tends to wobble as a result, and there are equally wobbly bits in the screenplay itself, but it deserves forgiving viewing for its good intentions, devotion to fun and its moving resolution.
Alexei Guskov is a rather bland figure, but it's his quest that takes our attention, to right the unrightable wrong of not only his dismissal but the Anti-Semitic reason for it and equally the insult to the music he was playing: the ravishing concerto by Russia's own Tchaikovsky. Not so bland is his good friend and cellist Sacha Grossman (Dmitri Nazarov) a small mountain of a man with a matching heart and hearty disposition, who is privy to the secret that Andrei has carried around for 30 years.
Mélanie Laurent is engagingly credible as the superstar violin soloist who is cautious about this gig until she finds a reason to become enthusiastic, and Miou Miou is terrific as her manager and surrogate mother.
Both François Berléand as Duplessis, the manager of the Paris theatre and Valeriy Barinov as Gavrilov the once great manager of the Bolshoi who is still flying the Communist flag with hopes of uniting the people in a new utopia, provide highly charged performances that are close to farcical - but they get away with it. That's probably thanks to director Radu Mihaileanu, whose previous film was the acclaimed Live and Become (2005).
The film keeps us engaged with its adventure quality and its romanticised journey of a heroic figure battling fate and his fellow musos for his rightful place on the podium - not driven by ego but by the harmony he finds in music ... 'the real communism,' he tells Gavrilov in one key scene. Communists get ridiculed as do the Russians in general as well as the French. The Gypsies are given a fair go though, and music gets top billing.
First published in the Sun Herald
CONCERT, THE (M)
(France/Italy/Romania/Belgium, 2009)
Le Concert
CAST: Alexei Guskov, Mélanie Laurent, Dimitri Nazarov, Miou-Miou, Francois Berleand, Lionel Abelanski
DIRECTOR: Radu Mihaileanu
SCRIPT: Radu Mihaileanu, Matthew Robins, Alain-Michel Blanc (story by Hector Cabello Reyes, Thierry Degrandi)
CINEMATOGRAPHER: Laurent Dailland
MUSIC: Armand Amar
PRODUCTION DESIGN: Christian Nichulescu, Stanislas Reydellet
AUSTRALIAN DISTRIBUTOR: Hopscotch
AUSTRALIAN RELEASE: April 29, 2010
© Urban Cinefile 1997 - 2019


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Your Selected Archive
Legislative Commission on Planning and Fiscal Policy
Monday, September 30, 2013 - 9:14 AM
Review of executive branch advisory groups. 04:40 - Gavel. 06:39 - Overview. 13:37 - Explore Minnesota Tourism. -Explore Minnesota Tourism Council. 24:49 - Minnesota Office of Higher Education. -Higher Education Data Advisory Task Force. -Student Advisory Council. 39:48 - Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs. -Higher Education Veterans Assistance Steering Committee. -Veterans Health Care Advisory Council. 58:33 - Minnesota Management & Budget. -Minnesota Employees Insurance Program Advisory Committee. -Public Employee Insurance Labor/Management Committee. -Pay-for-Performance Oversight Committee. 1:09:58 - Minnesota Department of Revenue. -Property Tax Working Group. -Tax Information Sample Data Committee. 1:24:32 - MN.IT Services. -Advisory Committee for Technology Standards for Accessibility and Usability. -E-Government Advisory Council. -Geospatial Information Advisory Council. -Technology Advisory Committee. Runs 1 hour, 52 minutes.


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Differential Diagnosis Home Page
More Resources for Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis, Treatment and Cure Unknown
Last Updated: 16 November 2015	16 November 2015
by Rick Laferriere
(Permission to repost was granted by Rick Laferriere, co-moderator of the LymeInfo yahoo group for Rhode Island. Additional information about this group is included at the end of this review.)
Pamela Weintraub, Cure Unknown: Inside the Lyme Disease Epidemic (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 2008), 432 pp. ISBN: 0312378122.
When I received my copy of Pamela Weintraub's new book, Cure Unknown: Inside the Lyme Disease Epidemic, I was eager to read it and found it difficult to put down. However, it was more than my own personal experience with tick-borne illness that piqued my interest.
I longed to read how Pamela Weintraub, a competent science journalist who had deeply personal experiences with Lyme disease, would tell the complex story of Lyme disease. To me, this story is one that has been crying to be told and Pamela Weintraub is perfectly poised to tell it.
At first, I was reminded of Polly Murray and her superb 1996 book about the early years of Lyme disease, The Widening Circle: A Lyme Disease Pioneer Tells Her Story (St. Martin's Press). Weintraub picks up the trail with stories of herself and other mothers who are struggling to find explanations for the unusual medical problems in their families that baffled every doctor they met. Today, we know much more about the pathogens transmitted by the bite of a tiny deer tick than we did over thirty years ago. Sadly, we are still reading about mothers in dogged pursuit of the same answers.
The horrific treatment by medical professionals toward sick children described in Cure Unknown is cruel, incomprehensible and devastating. The indiscriminate determination of who actually has Lyme disease and who doesn't is just one example.
A patient in Weintraub's book goes to several doctors who repeatedly determine that he definitely does not have Lyme disease. A few years later a test shows him to be unequivocally positive. Nevertheless, when the patient fails to improve after a few months of antibiotic treatment, he is deemed to no longer have Lyme disease, is refused further treatment and is told his problem must be psychiatric.
Real doctors behave this way and they do not need a rational explanation to justify their actions. This is Lyme disease and if you ever thought it was the "disease du jour" you are in for a rude awakening.
What sets Cure Unknown apart, and makes it so compelling to read, is how patient histories are told in the context of an unfolding and fractious divide within the medical and scientific research communities. Readers will learn about patients who are largely ignored by the mainstream medical community with a disdain, derision and passion rarely seen with other illnesses.
Weintraub's deft use of wry humor allowed for such distasteful behavior to be a bit easier to swallow. Her exhaustive research, interviews, and knack for explaining complex scientific information combined to keep me engaged and eager to finish the book. Seasoned veterans of Lyme battles of their own will also find bits and pieces here that they will learn about for the first time.
I had to wonder, in the end, how many Lyme patients experience the same tragic challenges as those profiled in this book. We may never know the answer. That's because there is still no gold-standard test to distinguish patients with Lyme disease from those without Lyme disease. This kind of research, oddly, has not entirely been the focus of the research community since Lyme was first discovered over thirty years ago and Weintraub illuminates this conundrum quite well.
Her book should alter the landscape upon which the tiny deer tick thrives and the Lyme patient wanders in a solitary search for answers.
Editor's note: Rick Laferriere has been a long-standing advocate for Lyme Disease. Rick serves as co-moderator of a yahoo group, LymeInfo, with the same name as the main organization. This yahoo group is an email list that was created to supplement the main website LymeInfo.Net, and it has served the online Lyme disease community since 1997. He describes this yahoo group as a one-way dissemination of periodic announcements of the latest news coverage on Lyme Disease, including scientific items, upcoming events and important action items, but without the conversation found on email support and discussion lists.


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Should the Minnesota Twins trade Jake Odorizzi?
By John Geiger II
SEATTLE, WA - MAY 26: Manager Paul Molitor of the Minnesota Twins signals to the bullpen as he pulls starting pitcher Jake Odorizzi #12 of the Minnesota Twins during the sixth inning of a game against the Seattle Mariners at Safeco Field on May 26, 2018 in Seattle, Washington. (Photo by Stephen Brashear/Getty Images) /
The Minnesota Twins made moves over the Winter with an eye toward contending for a playoff spot during this season.
The Minnesota Twins traded Jermaine Palacios, their 27th ranked prospect at the time, to acquire Jake Odorizzi from the Tampa Bay Rays in February. Odorizzi's arrival brought along some hope for Twins fans that last season wasn't an aberration.
Unfortunately, almost everything that can go wrong, has gone wrong for Minnesota during the first half of this season. As we near the trade deadline, the Twins have a few big decisions to make. Do they hold onto their "controllable assets" or do they maximize their value and make trades? One of those "controllable assets" is Odorizzi, who could find himself in a new uniform by the end of the month.
Although he hasn't pitched all that well this season, there will be a robust market for Odorizzi's services. He is a veteran pitcher who has spent the bulk of his career in the AL East, one of the toughest divisions in MLB. Odorizzi can help stabilize the back-end of the rotation for a contending team.
However, there are also plenty of reasons to keep Odorizzi in the Twin Cities through the 2019 season. He has value even if his numbers are high and he's an affordable veteran who has had MLB success.
More from Puckett's Pond
Minnesota Twins: After signing with the Mets, Correa spurns Twins again
Minnesota Twins: You Spin Me Right Round, Right Round
Minnesota Twins: What happens next at Shortstop?
Minnesota Twins: Grading the Twins' Joey Gallo signing
Minnesota Twins: 4 Possible Trade Chips not named Kepler or Arraez
Well, should Minnesota trade Odorizzi?
The easy answer to that question is yes. This team has only a slight playoff chance left and there are less than two weeks until the deadline passes. Trading veterans is how a small market team builds a winner and Minnesota has done well with that strategy in the past.
Odorizzi won't deliver any type of trade package to get overly excited about. On top of that, the Minnesota Twins are not far from being a legitimate threat in the American League. Injuries and regression have plagued this team during this season so that has contributed to the Twins struggles all season.
This is why the Twins should keep Odorizzi
Although having a prospect or two that could possibly have an impact someday would be nice, Odorizzi can have an impact now. However slight the chance at the playoffs are, Minnesota cannot wave the white flag. That would be a proverbial slap in the face for Twins fans who have stayed loyal through this rough stretch.
Minnesota has been without Byron Buxton throughout the majority of this season. His absence hurts more than just the lineup, the pitching staff probably misses him the most. He will return at some point and that will help this team defensively.
Odorizzi can help the Twins make things interesting for Cleveland down the stretch this season. His 4.54 ERA through 20 starts is less than impressive as well as his 4.0 walks per nine innings. However, he does currently average 9.4 strikeouts per nine innings, a career high, and his 1.4 home runs per nine innings average is back to around his career norms.
Odorizzi also has one more season of arbitration and Minnesota could use him in the rotation. The Twins have José Berríos and Kyle Gibson under control for next season. Ervin Santana will be a free agent at season's end as well as Lance Lynn.
Fernando Romero has made his case for a spot in the rotation next season and that leaves room for two more. Michael Pineda should be back for next season so keeping Odorizzi will give Minnesota a formidable rotation.
Next: Could Eduardo Escobar fit in with Philadelphia?
The fact that Minnesota made the playoffs during the 2017 season isn't the aberration. In fact, the aberration is that the Twins haven't been very competitive during this season. There is way too much talent for this team to remain this bad. If the turnaround doesn't happen over the next few months, it will occur next season. The present may seem bleak, but the future is bright.


Good news guys, cartoons aren't just for kids anymore.
Over the last few years, Netflix has jumped on board the animated series trend, churning out comedies, kids shows, and anime at a rate that makes us seriously question the need for anything live-action these days. Along with some critically acclaimed dramedies like BoJack Horseman and Big Mouth, the streaming platform is also home to some lesser-known fare. Japanese cartoons about death metal-loving pandas, a bear voiced by SNL star Bobby Moynihan who's trying to make it in San Francisco, a medieval fantasy from Simpson's creator Matt Groening — they all exist and they all can be found on Netflix.
Get ready to add some more titles to your queue because these are the best animated series on Netflix right now.
Netflix's best series just so happens to be an animated comedy about a depressed celebrity horse struggling with fame and addiction. Set in a world where anthropomorphic animals and humans live side-by-side, BoJack Horseman is about a horse named Bojack (Will Arnett), the washed-up star of the 1990s sitcom Horsin' Around. After a decade boozing on his couch and sleeping around, Bojack tries to resurrect his celebrity relevance with decidedly mixed results. His agent and on-again, off-again girlfriend is a Persian cat (Amy Sedaris); his rival (Paul F. Tompkins) is a golden labrador; he's in love with a human woman who works as a ghostwriter (Alison Brie); and he has a layabout roommate (Aaron Paul) with whom Bojack has a co-dependent relationship. On the face of it, it's a zany satire of Hollywood and celebrity culture. What's unexpected, however, is that Bojack Horseman may be television's most honest and thorough examination of depression. The writing is sharp, the jokes are layered, and the situations are hilarious, but there's a melancholy undercurrent to the series. Despite being a horse, Bojack is also one of the most human characters on television.
We're not sure how Nick Kroll's animated coming-of-age comedy manages to be so disgustingly filthy and heartwarmingly-sweet at the same time, but we do know it should be required viewing for anyone who's gone through, going through, or will go through puberty. (Read: EVERYONE.) The show centers on a pair of pair of bros named Nick (Kroll) and Andrew (John Mulaney), who go through some of life's most traumatizing and hilarious happenings — think bat mitzvah meltdowns and inconvenient boners. Those embarrassing issues are usually caused by Maurice, Andrew's own Hormone Monster (also voiced by Kroll) who takes pleasure (literally) in abusing the poor kids. As painfully accurate as the show is, if you're lucky enough to be removed from that angst-ridden era of life, you'll probably appreciate the humor in all of it.


The mission of this organization shall be to establish and maintain a garden in memory of those who have died of AIDS, and to provide a place of reflection for those who are living with AIDS, and for those who are survivors.
A donation to the Endowment Fund may be made in any amount.
A donation of $100.00 or more will include an imprinted brick.
A donation to the Rose Garden of $75.00 will include an imprinted brick as part of the broder.
A donation of $40.00 to the Wildflower Garden will include an imprinted brick as part of the border.
A donation of $35.00 to the Garden Walkway will include an imprinted brick as part of the Walkway which will wind through the garden.


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Courteney Cox Net Worth
1 What is Courteney Cox's Net Worth?
2 Key Facts to Know
3 Courteney Cox Net Worth
4 Courteney Cox Salary
6 Career Beginnings
7 Breakthrough
8 Courteney Cox House
9 Courteney Car Collection
11 Endorsement Deals
12 Personal Life
What is Courteney Cox's Net Worth?
Profession: Actress, Producer
Born: June 15th, 1964
Annual Salary: $30 Million
Courteney Cox is an American actress and producer who has a net worth of $150 million. Cox is best known for her roles in Friends, Scream, and the popular sitcom Cougar Town, for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe.
She's appeared in the shows Shameless and Modern Family. In between acting roles, Cox has had endorsement deals with well-known brands, and she also co-founded "Coquette Productions " with ex-husband David Arquette.
Key Facts to Know
2nd richest Friends alum after Jennifer Anniston.
Owns real estate worth $40 million.
Earns nearly about $30 million per year.
Making around $3 million every month.
Owns cars worth $2 million.
Breakthrough – "Dancing in the Dark."
As of 2023, Courteney Cox has a net worth of $150 million. Cox is the second richest Friends alum after Jennifer Anniston. Royalties from Friends is her primary source of earnings as she has been reported to earn $10-20 million in royalties alone.
She also makes money from other shows, films, endorsements, and public appearances. During Cox's ten seasons on "Friends", she earned approximately $88 million. Cox also earns $20 million per year in syndication royalties from Friends.
She earned around $6 million from 2009 to 2015 from her role in Cougar Town. In 2013, Cox also signed a lucrative contract as the Pantene spokesperson.
Courteney Cox Salary
Cox was paid $22,500 per episode in her first season, but as the show grew in popularity, her salary increased from $75,000 to 85,000.
Cox started making $100,000 per episode for season 5, $125,000 per episode in season 6, and then $750,000 per episode in seasons 7 and 8 then she was paid $1 million per episode in the last two seasons.
Cox backed her earnings with her role on Cougar Town, which paid her around $275,000 per episode.
Courteney Bass Cox was born on June 15th, 1964 in Birmingham, Alabama, to businessman Richard Lewis Cox and Courteney Copeland. She has two siblings, Dorothy and Virginia.
In 1974, Cox's parents divorced, and she moved in with her mother and stepfather, Hunter Copeland. She was an avid swimmer and tennis player as a child and later attended Mount Vernon College.
Career Beginnings
Cox appeared in a Parisian advertisement and left Alabama after graduation to study architecture and interior design at Mount Vernon College. She dropped out after a year to pursue a modeling career in New York after being signed by the prestigious Ford Modeling Agency.
She has graced the covers of teen magazines like Tiger Beat and Little Miss, as well as numerous romance novels. She then did commercials for Maybelline, Noxema, the New York Telephone Company, and Tampax.
Cox began her television career in 1984, when she appeared in episodes of As the World Turns and Misfits of Science. She was also in films such as Sylvan in Paradise, I'll Be Home for Christmas, and Curiosity Kills.
Cox got her big break when Brian De Palma cast her in Bruce Springsteen's video "Dancing in the Dark." In 1985, she moved to LA and landed the role of Lauren Miller, Michael J. Fox's girlfriend on the hit television series Family Ties.
In 1994, she appeared as Monica Geller, one of the main characters in the television series Friends, alongside Jennifer Aniston and Matthew Perry. The series was a huge success, with audiences and critics all over the world praising it.
Cox received numerous awards and nominations for her performance in Friends. Cox rose to prominence after appearing in the 1996 slasher film Scream. The film received positive reviews from critics and was a huge success. The following year, she appeared in Scream 2, the sequel to the first Scream film.
She also appeared in Down Twisted (1986), with subsequent roles in Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), co-starring with Jim Carrey, and Commandments (1997). Cox appeared in the action crime film 300 Miles to Graceland, directed by Demian Lichtenstein, in 2001, which was a critical and commercial failure.
However, she made up for it the following year with her performances in The Shrink Is In and Get Well Soon. She has since appeared in films such as Bedtime Stories (2008), The Butler's in Love (2008), Scream 4 (2011), and Mother and Daughters (2016).
Cox received a Golden Globe nomination in 2010 for her role as a divorced 40-year-old in the 2009 TV series Cougar Town, which she also produced. Cox also appeared as a guest judge on the talent shows The Gong Show in 2017.
Courteney Cox House
In 2007, Cox paid $17.15 million for a home in Malibu, California, and listed another for $33.5 million which was eventually lowered to $20 million.
Cox paid $5 million for two condos in Beverly Hills' luxury Sunset Strip tower. She sold her Beverly Hills home for $18 million in 2014.
Cox also owned a West Hollywood condo which she sold for $2.9 million in 2020.
Courteney Car Collection
Tesla Model S – $110,000
Jaguar S-Type – $50,000
Porsche 911 Carrera – $100,000
BMW 7-Series – $157,800
Range Rover Velar – $70,000
Land Rover Range Rover – $91,000
Friends' final episode was watched by more than 50 million American viewers.
The portrayal of Monica Geller in the series earned her several nominations, including a People's Choice Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a TV Guide Award.
Cox was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2021 for Outstanding Variety Special for Friends: The Reunion.
In 2010, Cox was honored with the Women's Image Network's Lifetime Achievement Award.
Cox was named Female Discovery of the Year by the Golden Apple Awards in 1995.
The Friends show has been named to several lists, including TV Guide's '50 Greatest Shows of All Time' and Empire Magazine's '50 Greatest Shows of All Time.'
Endorsement Deals
From 1990 to 1995, Cox was in a relationship with actor Michael Keaton. In 1999, she married actor David Arquette, with whom she has a child, Coco. Following their split in 2010, Cox and Arquette filed for divorce in 2012. Cox is currently engaged to Johnny McDaid of the band Snow Patrol.
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My 6 your old son has recently become obsessed with marbles and in particular marble racing. As a result he has set up his own youtube channel record his races and to act as a commentator.
Here is his first video if anybody is interested.
Thank you very much. He will be stoked.
I think he has a future as a sportscaster.


The Grand Prix saddle is a dressage saddle that designed together with a german Grand Prix rider.
The saddle is a close- contact monoflap saddle with a forwarding dressage flap.
- to ride with shorter stirrup leathers, for example with really young horses.
Doubled-calfskin leather, french panels. Detachable velcro kneeblocks.


2009 was an eventful year, Barack Obama became America's first black president, James Cameron's "Avatar" was smashing all box office records to become the highest grossing film of all time and 155 passengers aboard an Airbus A320 flight experienced a miracle on the Hudson River. 2009 was also an exciting year for Aqueduct Marina, as this was the year we opened our doors for the very first time, following years of planning and hard work from the Parton family.
It's fair to say that since 2009 a lot has changed, Mr. Obama is no longer the president, "Avatar" is still the highest grossing film, but more people are watching the small screen instead of the big and I am sure there are a few people on the Thames instead of the Hudson that are wishing for a miracle of their own. In this changing landscape we believe that leisure time is more precious than ever and whether you spend it fishing, on the golf course, reading or boating it's a vital part of a balanced lifestyle.
Our ambition as we opened the doors on the 14th Feb 2009 was to create Cheshire's premier marina complex, utilising the marina's fantastic cruising location and brand-new facilities.
Over the following years the marina became established and developed to include more and more services to meet our customers' needs.
This collective of knowledge and facilities or "One Stop Solution" is something we are very proud of but as we approached our ten-year celebration we naturally started to think about the next ten years. At this point we started to look at our "brand" or as a cleverer person than me once said "the thing people say about you when you're not in the room".
what's behind the new logo's design?
why have you changed your tag line?
when will the re-brand happen?
"We launched the new brand on the 27th March with a website update and over the weeks following you will see additional improvements being installed across the site. By the end of April, we aim to have everything switched over to the new branding. But our development and commitment to improving people's leisure time is something we aim to pursue for years to come".
"In a world that is getting faster, where time is more precious, Aqueduct Marina stands for something. Imagine more - more time to enjoy, relax, laugh - more time for you."
A modern, award winning marina on the Middlewich Branch of the Shropshire Union near Nantwich.