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Q: Problem with loading images from child theme CSS file with relevant path I am getting an issue with loading relevant images within CSS file from a child theme directory. I placed -

Sites: example.com OR sub-domain.example.com

body{
background-image: url(/wp-content/themes/child-theme-name/images/some-image.png);
}

Now the above works fine when the site is in the root folder (or sub-domains) but the path breaks when the site is from a sub-directory installation.

Site: example.com/sub-folder

I tried with
body{
    background-image: url(../wp-content/themes/child-theme-name/images/some-image.png);
    }

Now it works in sub-folders but again breaks in the root or sub-domain.
How to write the correct file path which will work in both root or sub-directory site where the images will be loaded from a child theme folder (say images folder)

A: There's no need for the wp-content/themes path - both themes sit in the same directory, so you can just traverse up one and then back down to child theme:
background-image: url(../child-theme-name/images/some-image.png);

Update: Regarding your answer to "where is the CSS file stored", you inferred that the stylesheet resides in the child theme folder - in which case you are massively overcomplicating things and can just use (as @Rishabh suggested):
background-image: url(images/some-image.png);

Relative paths in a stylesheet are relative to the stylesheet itself - not the document, the parent theme, or anything else for that matter.


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Alulatettix guangxiensis is een rechtvleugelig insect uit de familie doornsprinkhanen (Tetrigidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van deze soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1996 door Zheng & Zhou.

Doornsprinkhanen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


HUNDREDS of overseas visitors will converge on the Royal Welsh showground at Llanelwedd, Builth Wells, next July, as the Golden Shears World Shearing and Woolhandling Championships returns to Wales for the first time since 1994.
An information pack containing details of the programme has been circulated to 34 countries which are expected to send teams of competitors to the event.
The competition, costing around £140,000 to stage, will need to source some 5,000 sheep from strong-wool Welsh breeds.
Hundreds of competitors and team officials also need to be accommodated. Most will be based at Llanwrtyd Wells, where some 220 beds have been reserved, but the arrival in Mid Wales of supporters from around the world means that every available hotel, B&B and camping site in the area will probably be booked up.
The opening ceremony for the world championships will take place at the showground's Meirion Shearing Centre on the first day of the 2010 Royal Welsh show.
The championship competitions on Tuesday and Wednesday will culminate in the team and individual championship finals.
Only one team from each country is eligible to compete. Each team comprises two machine and two blade shearers and two woolhandlers, who also compete as individuals.
Prize money of £13,000, including £1,200 for the Golden Shears individual machine shearing champion, will be on offer with various trophies.


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A Kiss Before Dying is a 1956 American color film noir, directed by Gerd Oswald in his directorial debut. The screenplay was written by Lawrence Roman, based on Ira Levin's 1953 novel of the same name, which won the 1954 Edgar Award for Best First Novel. The drama stars Robert Wagner, Jeffrey Hunter, Virginia Leith, Joanne Woodward, and Mary Astor. It was remade in 1991 under the same title.

Wagner plays a charming, intelligent man who will stop at nothing to get his life where he wants it to go. His problem is a pregnant womanplayed by Woodward in one of her first film roleswho loves him. The solution involves desperate measures.

Plot
In 1956, Bud Corliss is an ambitious University student who is wooing fellow student Dorothy Kingship purely for her father's mining fortune. When he discovers that Dorothy is pregnant with his child, he realizes she is quite likely to be disinherited by her father, Leo Kingship. She does not care about this, saying she feels "like me" for the first time in her life, free of her father's control. Bud assures Dorothy that he will take care of her, hesitates when Dorothy insists on getting married, but then seemingly agrees to it.

After she experiences a fall on some bleachers, Bud spends the days leading up to their wedding formulating an elaborate plan to make it appear that she has committed suicide. He is stunned into near panic when this fails. On the day they are to be married, Bud purposely has Dorothy meet him at the Municipal Building during the lunch hour when the registry office is closed. He suggests they go to the roof for some air. There, he manipulates her into position and pushes her off the  building; her death is considered a suicide because of a letter he had forged and mailed to her sister in anticipation of his original plan working.

After a couple of months, Dorothy's sister, Ellen, is dating Bud; he is trying once again to ingratiate himself with Leo Kingship. Ellen has no idea of Bud's previous relationship with Dorothy; she has, however, always had doubts about her sister's suicide. She has an idea that if she can find out who her sister's boyfriend was, he might be her killer. For help, Ellen contacts Gordon Gant, who tutored Dorothy. Shortly, Ellen believes she has identified the boyfriend, Dwight Powell. Bud learns of the investigation and manages to eliminate Powell from the equation. This, too, is taken to be a suicide.

Ellen is satisfied that Powell was the man who killed Dorothy. She and Bud become engaged. Gordon shows up during the engagement party to tell her that he has discovered that Powell could not have committed the crime. On his way out, he is introduced to Bud; while driving home, he stops at a phone booth to call his uncle, the Chief of Police, to reveal that he believes he had seen Bud with Dorothy at the University. Gordon returns to Ellen's and informs Leo Kingship that he is certain Bud was dating Dorothy and is likely her murderer. They give Ellen this news, which she rejects outright.

The next morning, the couple drive to the Kingship mine so Bud can see the family fortune being made. Meanwhile, Gordon's uncle confirms that Bud was Dorothy's boyfriend.

During casual conversation, Bud lets it slip both that he knows more about the smelter than he should, considering he supposedly has been only talking with Ellen about her family, and that – concurrent with Dorothy – he had frequently gone to concerts in the University town. He admits to Ellen that he knew her sister, and that he "even had a few dates with her". He tries to tell Ellen that he was being considerate of her emotions by keeping it a secret; they argue and Bud stalks to the edge of the open mine pit. Ellen goes after him, still hoping he is not a murderer. They continue to talk and he refers to Dorothy as "Dorrie", a name only he called her, it becomes obvious that he, indeed, is guilty. Her father and Gordon arrive and witness Bud struggling to throw Ellen into the pit; in a desperate attempt to kill her, Bud shoves her in front of an oncoming truck, but to his shock, the truck swerves and instead hits Bud, knocking him over the cliff to his death, while Ellen is safe.

Cast
 Robert Wagner as Bud Corliss
 Jeffrey Hunter as Gordon Grant
 Virginia Leith as Ellen Kingship
 Joanne Woodward as Dorothy Kingship
 Mary Astor as Mrs. Corliss
 George Macready as Leo Kingship
 Robert Quarry as Dwight Powell
 Howard Petrie as Howard Chesser, chief of police
 Molly McCart as Annabelle Koch

Cast notes:
 A Kiss Before Dying was the second film Robert Wagner made in 1956 in which he played against his usual clean-cut image, after The Mountain, with Spencer Tracy.
 This was Mary Astor's first film since 1949 when she made Any Number Can Play.
 A Kiss Before Dying was Joanne Woodward's second film, after Count Three and Pray, the year before. She said at one time that it was her "worst picture".

Production
Darryl F. Zanuck bought the rights to the book in August 1953, following the bidding of many studios. His public announcement revealed that Wagner would star in the lead. The role of Dwight Powell, played in the film by Robert Quarry, was initially to be played by Martin Milner, but Milner had to drop out because of schedule changes.

In 1955, it was announced the film would be made by Crown Productions and distributed by United Artists. It was the second film from Crown following The Killer Is Loose; an executive for the company was Robert Jacks, Daryl Zanuck's son-in-law.

Three members of the cast – Wagner, Joanne Woodward and Jeffrey Hunter – were loaned to United Artists by Twentieth Century-Fox.  The film was the directorial debut of Gerd Oswald, and was filmed in Tucson, Arizona.

The film's use of the word "pregnant" caused controversy: it was cut during its preview in Chicago, and United Artists was not allowed by the Hollywood censors to use the word in any advertising.

Critical reception

Contemporaneous response
When the film opened, the review in Variety commented: "This multiple-murder story is an offbeat sort of film, with Robert Wagner portraying a calculating youth who intends to allow nothing to stand in his way to money ... Gerd Oswald's restrained direction suits the mood ... Wagner registers in killer role. Woodward is particularly good as the pregnant girl, and Virginia Leith acceptable as her sister. Jeffrey Hunter is lost as a part-time university professor responsible for the final solution of the crimes. Mary Astor and George Macready are okay as Wagner's mother and the girls' father."

Modern assessment
Time Out Film Guide liked the script and the direction of the film, and wrote, "An early Ira Levin thriller, predating Rosemary's Baby...superbly adapted as an icily acute nightmare...by the great Oswald, giving a criminally myopic Hollywood its first glimpse of a unique visual talent, idiosyncratically developed from that of his father, German silent director Richard Oswald."

Film critic James Crawford praised the film for direction and inventiveness.  He makes the case that the film's long second shot functions as a foreshadowing, an organizing principle, a statement of purpose in the film.  Crawford wrote, "It's not remarkable for what it revealsit's essentially exposition of narrative and character traitsbut for its movement, length, and the way it approaches space, viewer identification, and power dynamics." As for the creativity of the film, he compares the three minutes, 26 seconds length of the shot and likened it to the "granddaddy of all tracking shots," the one that kicks off Touch of Evilthe most apropos comparison, given that it was released in 1958, two years later.

Noir analysis
According to film critic Alain Silver, a theme used in film noir is the disruptive force of the "maniac" in society. The threat to the family and social values is apparent in these types of films. Gaining dominance and disrupting the family is a central theme of A Kiss Before Dying. Robert Wagner's character pursues one path to his true target in Dorothy, then kills her and pursues her sister, all with the objective of reaching their father and his fortune.

Remake
An adaptation directed by James Dearden was made in 1991 using the same title. Called "insanely inept" and "bereft of suspense" by Entertainment Weekly, the film earned two Razzie awards. The movie was unofficially remade in Malayalam as Moonilonnu (1996), and in Hindi as Baazigar (1993) starring Shah Rukh Khan.

See also
List of American films of 1956

References

External links

1956 films
1950s psychological thriller films
American psychological thriller films
1950s English-language films
Color film noir
Films based on American novels
Films based on thriller novels
Films based on works by Ira Levin
1956 directorial debut films
United Artists films
Films directed by Gerd Oswald
Films scored by Lionel Newman
American pregnancy films
Films shot in Tucson, Arizona
1950s pregnancy films
CinemaScope films
1950s American films


Why should you have your incentive trip or conference in Riga? If the numerous flight connections, great value hotels and modern conference facilities aren't enough, then read on for more reasons to choose Riga for your company.
The key elements in booking a successful incentive trip centre around a good hotel where all participants can stay, refreshing conference facilities and a good choice of restaurants and activities to keep everyone enthused. Riga has all of these attributes in abundance, the only thing that you need is a reliable agency to manage this for you. In our corporate section you will find activities, facilities and services that we can provide for you and your company.


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Mount Saint Benedict
Trinidad's Mount St. Benedict or the Abbey of Our Lady of Exile founded in October 1912 by an order of monks from Brazil, after the Order of St Benedict of Italy. It is a breathing climb up a mountain road though rain forest, in St. Augustine. The meandering road called St. John's Road, can be navigated via auto to a mountain apex were we found a peace of Heaven.
The monastery is famous for its yogurt and also produces jams and jellies from fruits grown on the sprawling 600 acres of the mountain top compound. After an hour of Mass "on the mount" as locals refer to it, I ventured out of the Chapel to the beautifulness of the grounds with Fr Christopher Theunissen, where shooting Medium Format with my Nikon 800D was spectacular. We then traveled to a room in the Abby School, were Fr Christopher then, said a prayer giving me blessings, and proceeded to put a cross on my forehead using Holy Water. I asked him for a portrait shot or two, to complete the portfolio of the monastery, so I took photographs of him as he posed looking out of one the windows where the view was right into the clouds. it was a simple and pure as gets.
Capturing Your Slice Of The World..... Editorial by:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Wiley and Morales Could Attract Stringer Defectors in NYC Mayoral Rac
By Pete Garth On May 2, 2021
Maya Wiley Announces Start of Mayoral Campaign Outside Brooklyn Museum October 8, 2020 Ben Fractenberg / THE CITY
Samantha Maldonado, THE CITY
Sexual assault allegations against hopeful Mayor Scott Stringer could help empower two of his progressive counterparts in the race: Maya Wiley and Dianne Morales, political analysts said.
And the benefits could go beyond traditional all-out endorsements, as the June 22nd Democratic mayor's primary proves to be the first city-wide eligibility test, with voters making their top five decisions in order of preference.
"Scott saw his way to the Gracie Mansion lead through the more advanced areas of the city. He went after it on purpose and tried to nurture that wing of the party for at least a couple of years, "said Eli Valentin, a political adviser. "The moment he loses that, these people have to find a home."
The city administrator's run to the town hall was thrown into turmoil this week when Jean Kim, who worked as a lobbyist, accused Stringer of sexual assault and harassment, which she believed emerged during his voluntary campaign for lawyers in 2001. Stringer called the allegations "totally and categorically wrong," and his campaign disproved several details of Kim's report.
Stringer's most powerful supporter – the United Federation of Teachers and Working Families Party – issued statements recognizing the gravity of the allegations but not withdrawing their support.
Some stringer supporters have already made use of their support, others are actively considering possible next steps. Mayor Bill de Blasio called for an investigation into the allegations. Mayoral candidates Kathryn Garcia and Shaun Donovan quickly urged Stringer to end his campaign, while Wiley and Morales added their votes to Thursday's call.
"Scott Stringer excelled as this progressive politician, and given what I learned about him from Jean, I feel that when New York City needs a progressive mayor, there are several highly skilled progressive candidates, each of them would do a great job, "said Patricia Pastor, the attorney who represents Kim.
"Lack of justice and justice"
To date, none of the groups or individuals who have withdrawn their endorsement of Stringer – including State Senator Jessica Ramos (D-Queens), the Food and Water Action environmental group, and the UFCW Local 1500 food workers union – have selected replacement candidates.
In other cases, voting according to ranking changes the political calculation.
State Senator Jabari Brisport (D-Brooklyn) ripped Stringer into second place, declaring he was ready for his first choice, Morales, whom he lauded as "an exceptional and dedicated progressive leader".
The Progressive Women of New York withdrew their third pick for Stringer on Thursday night but declined to endorse anyone else as a replacement.
"When people hear this news and believe Jean Kim, the progressive decisions behind Dianne and behind Maya will be consolidated," said Courtney Williams, a member of the New York Progressive Women Steering Committee who endorsed Morales and Wiley first and second, respectively Selection.
Wiley, who received referrals Thursday from women's rights activist Gloria Steinem and Time's Up co-founder Robbie Kaplan, didn't directly respond to questions about whether she wanted Stringer's former supporters to put their weight behind.
"I ask every New Yorker for every vote, and I seek confirmation from everyone who did not make a decision in this race. I did that before Scott Stringer and I will do that after Scott Stringer, "she said.
Dianne4NYC / FacebookMayoral candidate Dianne Morales
Morales told THE CITY that she hadn't focused on Stringer, but admitted that she and her team were "struggling" with the news of the allegation.
"This moment makes it clear that we lack justice and justice, especially for women, and that this is a shift that needs to take place," Morales said.
Late Thursday, hours after speaking to THE CITY, Morales urged Stringer not only to end the mayor's race, but also to resign as inspector.
"Too early to say"
It remains to be seen whether Stringer will be able to recover from the allegation in time for the June primary. While he presented a plan to improve access to the S-Bahn on Thursday, he had to revisit questions about Kim's allegations.
"It's going to be a tough race for Stringer as he has little time to reposition himself," said Karen Hinton, a former de Blasio spokeswoman who said she changed her first choice from Stringer to Wiley. "It feels like it's badly damaged, but another scandal could arise against someone else on the ballot and attention will be drawn from it. It's wait and see. "
Hinton is one of several women who have accused Governor Andrew Cuomo of inappropriately touching, sexually harassing and creating a toxic workplace. Stringer has joined the choir and called for Cuomo's resignation. (Cuomo denied allegations of wrongdoing this week.)
It's unclear whether the previous defects will harm Stringer, political analysts said, noting that the power of endorsements may vary.
"I think it's too early to say exactly how bad the damage is here. We have to see how it turns out, "said George Arzt, an experienced Democratic political advisor. "I never thought that the support of the elected would be transferable to the electorate … but if the bleeding is stopped afterwards [a couple endorsements get rescinded]Then I think that his candidacy is still feasible. "
If large organizations like UFT and the Working Families Party decide to step back from Stringer and support another candidate, it would likely deal a heavy blow to the controller, Valentin said. But Stringer may not lose support anytime soon.
"We've always felt that Scott was the best case progressive to win," said one person who works with an organization that supports Stringer. "In the middle of it all, I still think he still is."
THE CITY is an independent, not-for-profit news agency dedicated to high-impact reporting and serving the people of New York.
AttractDefectorsMayoralMoralesNYCRacStringerWiley
New York City Comptroller, mayoral candidate Scott Stringer accused of sex abuse, harassment
NYC Will Pay Back Week-Long Furlough To 9,500 City Employees, De Blasio Says
Immigrant advocates to rally at New York City Hall in response to Mayor Eric…


PLEASE NOTE: To be totally transparent: Our wait list has grown completely out of hand and now has over 900 people waiting for a space. With our very low turnover rate we will never be able to offer everyone a space. We will revisit that list only as a vendor leaves and decide who is the best fit to replace them at that time. I'm sorry that we can not accommodate everyone. But if you are very social and want to show off your talent use the Hashtag #CromptonStyle on Instagram to be considered.
Are you looking to showcase your handmade or antique treasures to an audience of thousands of appreciative customers every week? Do you need a place for people to find your one-of-a kind treasures all year long? We would love for you to be part of our community of high quality artisans and antique dealers!
So you would like to to be a Crompton Vendor? Selling here requires a great time commitment. We need vendors to update every week. Please do not apply unless you are a part/full time dealer or serious maker.
All sellers in our shop will receive 1099's and need to claim their sales.
How much is a booth in Crompton? Small booths for local handmade artists are $40 a month. Antique booths are $80-$250 depending on the size. Our shop is juried, currently has a long wait list, and submitting an application does not guarantee anyone a space in Crompton Collective.
Show off your skills using the Hashtag #CromptonStyle on Instagram to be considered.


Leaves and WFH. Innovative colleagues. Growth if raw material is in you.
Its is good as compared to other organisation. Barclays believe in giving equal opportunity to everyone.
Fixed comp that is st par or better than other captives and a pretty decent bonus.
They monitory year end benefits are given on a scaled performance and is very vague and absurd.Same rating people get different bonuses and with no string reason behind that.
Glassdoor is your resource for information about Barclays benefits and perks. Learn about Barclays, including insurance benefits, retirement benefits, and vacation policy. Benefits information above is provided anonymously by current and former Barclays employees, and may include a summary provided by the employer.


Toronto Film Society presented No Time for Love (1943) on Monday, February 11, 2019 in a double bill with The Devil and Miss Jones as part of the Season 71 Monday Evening Film Buff Series, Programme 5.
Production Company: Paramount Pictures. Producers: Fred Kohlmar, Mitchell Leisen. Director: Mitchell Leisen. Screenplay: Claude Binyon, story by Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo, adapted by Warren Duff. Cinematography: Charles Lang. Film Editor: Alma Macrorie. Art Directors: Hans Dreier, Robert Usher. Set Direction: Sam Comer. Costume Design: Edith Head. Music: Victor Young. Release Date: January 1943.
Cast: Claudette Colbert (Katherine Grant), Fred MacMurray (Jim Ryan), Ilka Chase (Hoppy Grant), Richard Haydn (Rger Winant), Paul McGrath (Henry Fulton), June Havoc (Darlene), Marjorie Gateson (Sophie), Rod Cameron (Taylor), Alan Hale Jr. (Union Checker), Grant Withers (Pete Hanagan).
Interestingly, Fred would don a superhero outfit complete with cape in a fantasy sequence of the 1943 film No Time for Love.
This should be fun to see. Enjoy.
The storyline of No Time for Love is based on a magazine called The Mirror, whose top photographer, Katherine Grant (Claudette Colbert), is assigned to photograph the Interborough Vehicular River Tunnel Project in New York City. Wearing a hardhat and boots, she is taken underground to the construction site, where she is not greeted warmly by the superstitious tunnel workers, called "sandhogs", who believe that women in the tunnel bring bad luck. When she sneaks closer to the drilling point to get a better view, her presence distracts some of the workers and causes an accident that nearly kills Jim Ryan (Fred MacMurray), the cocky, well-built sandhog they call "Superman". When she sees the unconscious Ryan about to be crushed by a machine, she drags him to safety. While recovering in a compression chamber, Ryan gets into a fist fight with his fellow sandhogs, who were being photographed by Grant. These photographs were later published and shown, which cost Ryan his job.Grant, feeling guilty, offers Ryan a job as her assistant to offset his lost wages. She thinks that if she spends time with him, she will prove to herself that he is not worthy of her. They go on several assignments together, and despite his flirtations with various cheap blondes, Katherine eventually falls in love with Ryan, who returns her feelings. One night, after sharing a passionate kiss, they are spotted by Hoppy, who reveals Katherine's original plan to get him off her mind. Feeling that he's been used, Ryan walks away, disgusted. Ryan and Grant find themselves in a series of events throughout the film that eventually lead to the ensuing love story, and in the end, the two find themselves in the happy position of deciding it is love that they have for one another and both proudly walk off to get married. It was a great ending that the audience enjoyed.
As with most films, there were interesting aspects concerning the film from pre- to post-production. Oscar Levant was originally cast for the role of Roger, but when filming was delayed, he was forced to withdraw due to other commitments. Rita Hayworth was originally cast as Katherine, but also had to withdraw, when production was delayed by eighteen months. Claudette Colbert and Fred MacMurray were finally cast in the lead roles. As it happened, they were no strangers to one another: No Time for Love was their fourth film together; they would end up having co-starred in seven films between 1935 and 1948. Both actors had worked with director Mitchell Leisen on a number of other films—MacMurray made a total of nine films with Leisen and Colbert, four. Clearly, this trio liked working as a team.
The film was shot at Paramount Studios. A 25-foot-long tunnel set was constructed on Paramount's largest stage and was filled with mud for the climactic scene. To avoid using real mud, set designers experimented with several combinations of material, eventually using adobe and water. A cement mixer was installed on the set to produce the correct consistency. The director later recalled, "I never asked the actors to do anything I wouldn't do, so on our first day in the tunnel, I dove right into the mud, head first. I came up and said, 'All right, let's go'." After Colbert's first take in the mud, she emerged without any mud on her face. "I said, 'Come here, honey', and took a handful of the mud and slapped it on her face. She went right back in and did it again." As it was filmed during the war years, austerity measures limited the amount of money producers could spend on construction materials. To stay within budget, Leisen leveraged one of the sets from Colbert's previous film, The Palm Beach Story (1942), which was still standing at Paramount, and transformed it into Colbert's bedroom in No Time for Love.


Maria and Joe and such a beautiul and colorful wedding at the Olivette Community here in Asheville! At a small commmunity park along the river and near the train tracks, it was a perfect setting filled with love and laughter.
Congratulations again and we wish you a life time of love and happiness!


The first World Bank presentation will provide an overview of the Kyrgyz economic performance over the first 11 months of 2018, highlighting some of the macroeconomic vulnerabilities the country is exposed to and will share growth projections for 2019 and 2020. The special topic for this Economic Update is "Agriculture as a Potential for Growth and Development", focusing on the challenges facing the agri-food exporters to the EEU (especially Russia, Kazakhstan) and China and the supportive role the government should play.
The second presentation will focus on the Russian economy covering 2018 economic performance, future growth prospects, poverty reduction and economic diversification.
Mr. Apurva Sanghi is the World Bank's Lead Economist for the Russian Federation based in Moscow. Prior to that, he served as the Lead Economist for Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Eritrea. He also led the Economic Growth Cluster of the World Bank's Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Department in Washington DC. Before joining the World Bank, Apurva worked in private sector consulting; for the Thailand Development Research Institute; and held teaching and research positions at the University of Chicago, Thammasat University (Bangkok), and Yale University. He is also a selective commentator on economic issues in the pages of major international media outlets such as the Financial Times; the Economist; Project Syndicate; Forbes (Russia), and blogs in the Brookings and the World Bank's site. Apurva holds college degrees in physics and economics from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and a PhD from the University of Chicago, where his core training was in growth and macroeconomics.
Ms. Appolenia Mbowe is the Senior Country Economist for the Kyrgyz Republic based in Bishkek. Prior to that, she served as a Senior Economist in the Country Economics Unit of the Operations Policy and Country Services in Washington D.C. after serving as a Senior Country Economist for Malawi based in Lilongwe. Before joining the Bank, she served as a Principal Economist at the Africa Development Bank base in Tunisia and was responsible for Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Sudan and Eritrea. Prior to that she was an economist at the Central Bank of Tanzania. She is a holder of Master' Degree in Economics from the University of Manchester, United Kingdom.


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Mick Jagger – The Savoy (Black & White) – The Many Moods of Mick
Clive Arrowsmith January 29, 2018 August 30, 2018 Behind The Scenes, Celebrity, Music, Portraits, Rock Superstars
I went to The Savoy Hotel in London for a US publication to photograph Mick, on our arrival the concierge said "He's on the sixth floor". So I went up to the sixth floor and heard some music coming through a doorway, so I knocked on the door and Nick Rhodes (Duran Duran's keyboard player) answered. I immediately walked in with my two assistants who were behind me carrying lights, Nick looked at me strangely and said quizzically "Hi Clive, what's happening". I said "Oh, I'm here to photograph Mick" at which point Nick said "Mick's not here, he's in the suite opposite"
Slightly phased I instructed my assistants to disassemble the lights that they had just hastily put up and retreated to the Mick Jagger suite across the hall, mumbling profuse apologies as I went. At this point the lively cocktail party had ground to a halt and everyone was staring at me and my scrambling assistants as we slunk away. I was so embarrassed and more to the point I was now late for Mick (you can't be late for superstars!).
I dashed across the hallway in a nervous state of mind and knocked on the door. Mick came to the door of his suite in a white dressing gown and said gently "Oh hello man, come in". Once I was shooting these portraits I explained our lateness was the result of us gate crashing the Duran Duran party across the hall. He was greatly amused by our comedy of errors, which was a great relief. I wondered if the Savoy doorman had thought I said Nick rather than Mick!
In the last picture (above) Mick looks like a Borgia Prince, the way the light falls on his face in this image captures that aesthetic. As always my main influence in terms of lighting is the Italian Renaissance. This shoot fell into silence and this image emerged at the end, when neither of us was talking.
The first time I'd seen Mick was on Ready, Steady, Go! when I took the above image of him and Brian Jones performing, when I'd just started to take pictures. He laughed at the mention of Ready, Steady, Go! as that was one of The Rolling Stones's first TV appearances and had obviously changed their lives forever. I said 'Thanks, for your time. I think we both know Bebe Buell". He said "Oh yeah, Bebe" and smiled and laughed again.
Clive Arrowsmith is shooting stunning images, staging exhibitions and is as passionate about photography as he was when he first pressed the shutter at The Paris Collections. He is available for global media opportunities related to his work and photography generally. Bespoke prints from Clive's archive are also available by special request, for any enquiries (email Eugenie here). Clive's book Arrowsmith: Fashion, Beauty & Portraits is available here and Lowry at Home: Salford 1966 is available here
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Bebe Buell, Duran Duran, Mick Jagger, Mistaken Identity, Nick Rhodes, Savoy Hotel, The Rolling Stones, The Wrong Suite
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Published by Clive Arrowsmith
Clive Arrowsmith (F.R.P.S) is an internationally acclaimed photographer who has steadfastly pursued visual excellence throughout his prestigious career. This blog is a way for him to explore and share his extensive portfolio of work, covering portraiture, fashion, beauty and landscape photography and commercial photography. You can read his full biography here: https://clivearrowsmith.com/bio Clive is also represented by www.camerapress.com for commercial licensing of images.	View all posts by Clive Arrowsmith


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Q: SQL adapter in Worlight? I am new to IBM Worklight,and i found a way to connect to the MySQL using the SQL adapter.
the configuration as below:
            <dataSourceDefinition>
            <driverClass>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driverClass>
            <url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/worklight_training</url>
            <user>Worklight</user>
            <password>Worklight</password>
        </dataSourceDefinition>

Since the adapter are compile together with the app, just wondering, is it safe? is there a possibility of someone decompiling my apk or ipa to view the adapter connection thus acquire the user and password to my mysql database.

A: A hacker decompiling your .apk or .ipa file will not find the database username/password there, for the simple reason that the adapter is not compiled "together with the app" and is not part of any artifacts that you install in a device.
An adapter is a server-side entity, not client-side.
The adapter is an object stored in the memory of the running application server.

A: Adapters are Server side code andare not part of the apk or ipa files.
You can check/confirm this information in Worklight documentation. The details about adapters, under "Developing the server side of a Worklight Application" are at:
http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSZH4A_6.2.0/com.ibm.worklight.dev.doc/devref/c_overview_of_ibm_worklight_adap.html
You can also check the Server Side Development of MobileFirst Platform Getting Started Modules
https://developer.ibm.com/mobilefirstplatform/documentation/getting-started-6-3/server-side-development/
(MobileFirst Platform is the new name of Worklight)
In worklight, you usually have the application (apk/ipa) communicating with a server side component (the adapters) running in a worklight server. The adapters are used to communicate with backend systems (like a mysql server). There are a few different types of adapters to communicate with different types of backends (like sql, http and SAP)
Please, let us know what documentation/guide caused you the understanding that adapters are part of the client apk/ipa. If that is really stated in any documentation, it is wrong and must be corrected.
Edit:
To connect to a MySQL DB (no matter if it is a standalone MySQL or in XAMP, LAMP or whatever package) you can follow this geting started tutorial
https://developer.ibm.com/mobilefirstplatform/documentation/getting-started-6-3/server-side-development/sql-adapter-communicating-sql-database/
Also note that, if you are using MobileFirst Studio (previously Worklight Studio) downloaded for free from Developer Works you have a developer version of the WOrklight Server running inside Studio so that you can create and deploy adapters and use it during development as your server. But when you go to production you are required to purchase licenses of Worklight because you don't have the worklight server available for free.
So if you have Studio, you have the server available but only for development purposes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Frederico Passolini made an early silent movie which ran for just twelve minutes and consisted of a single tracking shot across the ceiling of a surgical operating theater (the camera looking down of course).
All that can be seen in this film is a man called Gaston Recherché, strapped securely onto a marble slab, having his appendix removed without the benefit of anesthesia. Gaston was a fellow student of Mr. Passolini's at the Sorbonne in Paris, although he was studying Metaphysics, rather than The Principles of Light: Fruit Production in Nantes, the course in which Mr. Passolini was enrolled.
The idea for the film had originally been Gaston's and thus Frederico's subsequent career as an auteur should really be properly so credited. However, at the time of its production, Frederico had never actually seen a movie camera, much less operated one, and there was thus a certain amount of reading books and asking questions before the event itself could take place.
Further complicating what had initially been a simple if somewhat unorthodox idea on Gaston's part, was finding a surgical team prepared to take part in the experiment. Both men had to travel some distance into the Parisian suburbs, before locating an abortionist, Andreas Kinword, who announced that, for his usual fee, he would happily remove any single organ of Mr. Recherché's choosing, although he did mention his preference for working above the waist as far as men were concerned.
Gaston's desire to have his appendix removed, aside from his decision to have such an operation performed without anesthetics, has often been wrongly reported. With this in mind, I must confirm here that Gaston Recherché was not the originator of the phrase, latterly much-used by mountaineers, "Because it's there".
To imagine that Gaston Recherché had his appendix removed simply because he had an appendix to remove, is to do a grave disservice to the life and work of one of the metaphysical community's true giants (although Gaston himself was a comparatively small man with hands and feet that were remarkably dainty).
Gaston Recherché was, and always remained, a keen student of pointlessness, but not in the sense seized upon and much devalued by the so-called existentialists. Gaston believed that those few things found to be truly pointless, be they an unfinished, atonal madrigal or perhaps the vague idea of going to sleep which becomes forgotten once the bed catches fire, hold a special place in a modern world increasingly devoted to reason, motive, and design.
It was, Gaston suspected, only in things utterly devoid of purpose that the mind could find freedom enough to imagine other things not yet previously considered, and this concept, as simple as it sounds, was the foundation of Gaston's unrivaled body of subsequently pointless work.
His decision to have his appendix removed—one he later described in an unpublished Paris Match interview as inevitable—was based initially on the fact that he wanted to have a good look at it, believing that such an unnecessary organ, within the otherwise sensibly evolved and purposeful human body, must have some greater, perhaps cosmic, function.
He thought that man in his unconscious conceit (a trait he memorably described as "the almost willful intelligence of stupidity") always refused to accept that there were those things, for the time being anyway, far beyond our understanding. He was also sure that it would only be through pointless, misguided meditation, by accident even, that we could ever be in a position to receive messages from these other places that existed within dimensions as yet unknown.
It was precisely because he considered the appendix as a possible and fleshy transmitter of some type that he insisted on its removal without anesthetics, a decision he later recalled as being perhaps the most painful of his life, although he also mentioned the night of his wedding to the lovely Annette, who, it transpired, was actually an SS officer called Klaus and Klaus, was apparently quite rough (this was much later and during the German occupation).
Gaston believed that painkillers would deaden the transfer of any information the appendix had to offer and that, possibly, such transmittal itself might take place in the form of what he shouted out during the operation as a result of the intense pain, his rational mind being distracted enough to allow the information space. He realized that this was not a sure thing, but as a good scientist certainly wished his results, whatever they might be, to remain free from the occlusion of morphine or other drugs.
It was thus, on Saturday July 15th, 1921, and when Frederico Passolini, with the assistance of two students from the School of Cantileverage, had finally assembled his upside down camera on tracks screwed into the ceiling, that Doctor Kinword scrubbed the lower portion of Gaston's belly with methylated spirits and prepared to proceed.
The actual events of that day are, unfortunately, still the subject of much conjecture, and in fact a discipline of study devolving around The Appendix Incident, as it's now known, fuels a steady stream of academic publishing to this day.
Because, in one of the great tragedies of science, Frederico had had enough trouble learning how to make sure the camera worked properly, he had not had the time (and many would say the forethought) to realize that if transmittal of any kind was going to take place, it would be the recording of the same by sound, not sight, which might prove most useful. Of course the addition of sound to film was at that time in its infancy and also quite expensive.
As a result, posterity is left with the much examined footage commonly known as the Passolini Film which shows Gaston Recherché flailing around on the operating table and opening and shutting his mouth quite a lot.
At the time of his death it was given to the Theosophist Society Museum in New York City, where it is now on permanent display (53rd & 3rd. Tuesday through Friday. Ten to five-thirty).
It is certainly quite small.


text:
Home »	News » Event
Esperanza Spalding and William Parker Perform At Mind-Builders 40th Anniversary Gala On November 3 At Lehman College
SOURCE: SCOTT THOMPSON PUBLIC RELATIONS
Mind-Builders 40th Anniversary Gala with Esperanza Spalding on November 3 at Lehman College
Lehman Stages/Lovinger Theatre
250 Bedford Park Blvd. West
"Magic...pure imagination and also incredibly tactile." —NPR Music
Mind-Builders 40th Anniversary Gala at Lehman College celebrate the 40th anniversary of Mind-Builders Creative Arts Center at Lovinger Theater at our first ever Gala event.
5:30 PM: VIP Reception includes Meet The Artists
7:00 PM: Performances with Audience/Artist Q&A
Performances by special celebrity guests/honorees includes bassists Esperanza Spalding, William Parker and Student Mini-Performances with Audience/Artist Q&A
Thank you for making these 40 years possible and being our partner as we launch into the new decade of service to our community!
If interested in a sponsorship opportunity, please reach out to Opal McCalla (email) at (718) 652-6256 Ext. 113.
About Esperanza Spalding
Seven collaborative and five solo albums into her career at 31, Esperanza Spalding has always resolutely, intuitively, deftly expanded upon both her art and herself as a world-renowned genre- bending composer, bassist and vocalist. Spalding's work, grounded in jazz traditions but never bound by them, has won her four Grammy awards and brought her onstage at the Oscars, the Nobel Prize Ceremony, the White House, and with Prince and Herbie Hancock. Not only does she know who she is, we know who she is.
Or, rather, we think we do. The elastic self and work of a true artist is always changing; ideas are channeled, shape-shifting becomes necessary. Emily's D+Evolution (pronounced "d plus evolution") is where we meet Emily—both Esperanza's middle name and the label for the spirit- muse that flows through this multi-dimensional, theatrical performance artwork wrapped in a brilliantly urgent, vivacious record. With 6 tracks co-produced by Tony Visconti (David Bowie) and drawing, at times, from wellsprings as disparate as Cream to Shostakovich to St. Vincent, Emily's D+Evolution is a kaleidoscopic project; raw, honest, luminous.
"Whether you want to see it as devolution and evolution, and the place where they co-exist without one diminishing the other, or...barely having the tools that you need, but having to move forward, and having to keep moving," Spalding explained to NPR in a recent interview, the album conceptually addresses the always exciting, sometimes messy process of reconciling the aspects of our selves that are in conflict. Exploding with literal and proverbial electricity, this album's complex but immediate compositions were committed to tape partially live, and partially in front of a control room packed full of 20 or more onlookers. The trio of Spalding (fretless electric bass and vocals), Matthew Stevens (electric guitar) and Justin Tyson and Karriem Riggins (splitting drum duties) often decided to use the first take—a testament to the project's particular energy and Spalding's virtuosity. Many of the compositions on Emily's D+Evolution were, after all, incubated onstage during the rigorous live performance schedule that preceded it.
Armed with the entity of Emily flowing through her, Spalding's visionary performance of the album is an experience to behold and an integral part of the project itself. Here, Spalding is, for the first time, incorporating stage design, movement and acting into her already vivid musical storytelling practice. She's working with stage director and playwright Will Wiegler to manifest her concepts physically now that they've come to life aurally. Each track on the album, from the soaring ode to uninhibited self-expression "Good Lava" to the affecting, shimmery funk ballad "Unconditional Love", Emily's D+Evolution is rich, surprising and labyrinthian, yet classic and timeless, as if these songs have always existed out there in the ether. Turns out that Spalding just had to tune in to Emily to bring them here to Earth.
About William Parker
William Parker is a musician, improviser, composer, educator, and author. He plays the bass, shakuhachi, double reeds, tuba, donso ngoni and gembri. Born in 1952 in the Bronx, New York, he studied bass with Richard Davis, Art Davis, Milt Hinton, Wilber Ware, Jimmy Garrison, and Paul West. During Parker's prolific career, he has recorded over 150 albums, had countless celebrated stage appearances, and helped shaped the jazz scene for both his peers and the youth. In 2013, Parker received the Doris Duke Performing Artist Award in recognition of his influence and impact on the creative jazz scene over the last 40 years.
William entered the music scene in 1971, playing at Studio We, Studio Rivbea, Hilly's on The Bowery, and The Baby Grand. By the age of 20, Parker quickly became a highly sought after bassist, playing with established musicians such as Ed Blackwell, Don Cherry, Bill Dixon, Milford Graves, Billy Higgins, and Sunny Murray. Projects with dancer and choreographer Patricia Nicholson have created a huge repertoire of composed music for multiple ensembles ranging from solo works to big band projects. In 1980, he became a member of the Cecil Taylor Unit, in which he played a prominent role for over a decade.
Since the beginning of his career, William Parker has commanded a unique degree of respect from his fellow musicians and critics alike. In 1995, the Village Voice characterized William Parker as "the most consistently brilliant free jazz bassist of all time." In addition to his work with artists in the United States, he has developed a strong relationship with musicians in the European Improvised Music scene such as Peter Kowald, Peter Brotzmann, Han Bennink, Tony Oxley, Derek Bailey, John Tchicai, Louis Sclavis, and Louis Moholo.
William Parker began recording in 1994 and founded the ensembles In Order To Survive and The Little Huey Creative Music Orchestra. In 2001, he released O'Neal's Porch, which marked a turn toward a more universal sound working with drummer Hamid Drake. The Raining on the Moon Quintet followed, adding vocalist Leena Conquest and the Quartet from O'Neal's Porch. Most notable among many recent projects is the Inside Songs of Curtis Mayfield.
As Steve Greenlee of the Boston Globe stated in July 2002, "William Parker has emerged as the most important leader of the current avant-garde scene in jazz." Parker has consistently worked in many of the most important groups within this genre, including his own. He currently leads The Little Huey Creative Music Orchestra, In Order to Survive, Raining on the Moon, Stan's Hat Flapping in the Wind, and The Cosmic Mountain Quartet with Hamid Drake, Kidd Jordan, and Cooper-Moore.
Parker has released over 20 albums under his leadership, most reaching #1 on the CMJ charts. In 1995, he debuted The Little Huey Creative Music Orchestra with the release of Flowers Grow In My Room on the Centering label. Recent years saw the release of several monumental box sets, including 2013's Wood Flute Songs and 2015's For Those Who Are, Still, highlighting the work of Parker's many groups and large ensembles. His recordings appear on the Aum Fidelity label and his own Centering Music, among others.
These releases and their success showcase William Parker as an outstanding composer and bandleader. From the beginning of his musical career, William Parker has been prolific; composing music for almost every group with whom he has performed. His compositions span the range of operas, oratorios, ballets, film scores, and soliloquies for solo instruments. He has also successfully explored diverse concepts in instrumentation for large and small ensembles.
A passionate educator, William Parker has taught at Bennington College, NYU, The New England Conservatory of Music, Cal Arts, New School University and Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. He has also taught music workshops throughout the world including Paris, Berlin, Tokyo, and the Lower East Side. Parker is a theorist and author of several books including Who Owns Music?, Conversations I & II, Voices in the First Person, Scrapbook: Notes and Blueprints, Sound Journal, and The Mayor of Punkville. Additionally, he has released three volumes of poetry and a theatre piece titled Music and the Shadow People.
This story appears courtesy of Scott Thompson Public Relations.
For interview requests or more information contact Scott Thompson Public Relations.
Performance / Tour Scott Thompson Public Relations Scott H. Thompson United States New York New York City Esperanza Spalding William Parker Mind-Builders Creative Arts Center Mind-Builders
Jazz Near New York City
Saskia Laroo


4 Ways to start being more energy efficient at home.
There's so much more focus on being more environmentally friendly when it comes to the way we live and our homes. It's hard to shy away from the things that we feel we should be doing as a duty. But for some, this can be something that you're just considering doing. Your home can be a great place to start when it comes to reducing your carbon footprint, and here's how you can make some differences.
Solar energy can often be a great way to make sure you're doing your bit for the environment and having them on your home can be a cheaper alternative. Once you've invested in having the panels fitted that is. However, you can enlist the help of a home solar installation company to do the hard work for you. Solar energy does most aspects of your home, from lighting to heating your water. It can be an excellent investment for the future and may even affect the value of your home in a positive way–both on reselling and on your taxes.
Sometimes you need to think of the habits you have when it comes to energy usage. For example, do you always switch a light off when you leave a room? How about switching an appliance off at the wall instead of leaving it on standby. Maybe you always boil a full kettle even if you are only making one drink. These habits can be changed, and over time the difference will be seen in your electric bill. If you don't have the chance to use solar energy, then using as little power as possible can be the next step to doing your bit.
The lights in your home can be the most significant use of energy. Especially in the winter when it can feel like you have every light on. And let's not forget Christmas lights during the holidays. However, switching the light bulbs and the use of views where you can switch to an LED alternative could help you to use less energy overall. Investing in them may cost a little more, but over time the saving will be made in your usage and also how long they'll last.
There are other areas of your home where you can make some significant investments to ensure that you save on the energy you use. Windows, for example, can be quite crafty and can let a lot of the heat in your home out. But investing in double or triple glazing could save you a bundle. Loft insulation can also be a great way to save on those heating bills. Heat naturally rises anyway, and if the insulation isn't there, it can escape your home much quicker.
Finally, investing in other things like a rainwater catcher could help you reduce the amount of water you use for things like watering your garden in the summer.
There are things we can do, big and small, that can help the environment.
Know someone that could use help with making their home more energy efficient? Please SHARE this post!


Would you please log out from WPMU DEV Dashboard and log in back again?
Thanks for replying to me. I think something must have been magically sorted out through an update or something. All is good now.
Thanks again for all the amazing things you all do!


Cushing's syndrome is a clinical condition resulting from prolonged exposure to excessive glucocorticoids, either from endogenous or exogenous sources. Therapeutic administration of exogenous glucocorticoids is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome. The most common endogenous cause of Cushing's syndrome is Cushing's disease.
Cushing's disease is Cushing's syndrome caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma. Other endogenous causes of Cushing's syndrome include ectopic secretion of ACTH or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) by nonpituitary tumors and primary adrenal tumors.
Cushing's syndrome can broadly be classified into either ACTH dependent or ACTH independent etiology. A third classification of pseudo-Cushing's syndrome is also considered in the appropriate clinical setting. SeeTable I for Causes of Cushing's syndrome according to underlying pathology.
Suspecting Cushing's syndrome on the basis of the patient's symptoms and signs.
Documenting the presence of hypercortisolemia.
Determining the cause of hypercortisolism.
1. Historical information and Physical Examination important in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.
Patients with Cushing's syndrome may present with a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from subclinical to overt syndrome, depending on the duration and intensity of excess glucocorticoid production, the presence or absence of mineralocorticoid and androgen excess, and the cause of hypercortisolism.
Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome that occur in the setting of malignancy may be overshadowed by symptoms of malignancy e.g. weight loss instead of weight gain. Patients with cyclical Cushing's syndrome may have intermittent symptoms. Many of the clinical manifestations of hypercortisolemia tend to be less severe in older patients (>50 years). Some of the incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas have subclinical Cushing's syndrome associated with glucose intolerance and hypertension.
It is important to note that none of the major findings suggestive of Cushing's syndrome are truly pathognomonic of the syndrome, and therefore a high degree of clinical suspicion is required to diagnose the condition.
Involving the abdomen, face and neck (buffalo hump, moon facies, supraclavicular fat pad and exophthalmos from retroorbital fat deposition).
Glucose intolerance (gluconeogenesis stimulation by cortisol and peripheral insulin resistance due to obesity), hypertension (through poorly understood multifactorial etiologies), both these increase cardiovascular risk, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Severe hypertension and hypokalemia commonly seen in patients with ectopic ACTH secretion (excess cortisol overwhelms the capacity of the 11-b-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type II, which oxidizes cortisol to inactive cortisone, thereby resulting in activation of mineralocorticoid receptors).
Skin atrophy, fragile skin with easy bruisability, wide purple striae and cutaneous fungal infections. Edema and hyperpigmentation may be seen with ectopic ACTH syndrome.
Include menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, oily facial skin with acne, signs of virilization e.g. temporal balding, deepening of voice, especially in women with adrenal carcinoma.
Includes proximal myopathy, muscle wasting (resulting from catabolic effect of excess glucocorticoid on skeletal muscles), osteoporosis (caused by decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption, decreased intestinal and renal calcium absorption), vertebral compression fractures, pathological fractures of the ribs and long bones, aseptic necrosis of the femoral heads that may be present.
Include labile mood, agitated depression, anxiety, panic attacks, mild paranoia, impaired short-term memory and cognition, and insomnia.
SeeTable II for signs and symptoms in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
Documenting the presence of hypercortisolism i.e. does the patient have Cushing's syndrome?
Determining if the cortisol excess is ACTH independent or ACTH dependent i.e. does the patient have primary adrenal disease or an ACTH-secreting tumor?
Determining the source of the ACTH in the ACTH dependent etiology of Cushing's syndrome i.e. does the patient have Cushing's disease or ectopic ACTH syndrome?
A simplified paradigm for screening patients for Cushing's syndrome using late-night salivary cortisol.
Does the patient have hypercortisolism i.e. does the patient have Cushing's syndrome?
Before evaluation for possible Cushing's syndrome a careful history should be acquired, excluding exogenous causes of glucocorticoid intake and including glucocorticoids taken orally, injected glucocorticoids, topical steroid applications, and inhaled glucocorticoids.
At least two first-line tests should be abnormal to establish the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Late night salivary cortisol, urinary cortisol, and the low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests are recommended as first-line tests. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome is confirmed when two tests are unequivocally abnormal.
a) 24-hour urine free cortisol measurement is a very good screening test for Cushing's syndrome as it provides the most direct and reliable practical index of cortisol secretion, given that it is an integrated measure of the serum-free cortisol concentration. A complete 24-hour specimen and a reliable reference laboratory are critical for obtaining a valid result.
The patient can be assumed to have Cushing's syndrome if on at least two separate occasions basal urinary cortisol excretion is two to three fold higher than the normal range. If the 24-hour urinary cortisol is equivocally increased the patient needs to be reevaluated in several weeks or undergo further testing to differentiate between mild Cushing's, cyclical Cushing's and pseudo Cushing's syndrome.
b) The low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests (LDDST) is another standard screening test commonly used test to differenciate between patients with Cushing's syndrome from any cause from patients who do not have Cushing's syndrome. Exogenous dexamethasone dosages used should reliably suppress ACTH secretion by the normal pituitary gland, leading to suppression of cortisol secretion, subsequent reductions in serum cortisol concentrations and urinary excretion of cortisol and cortisol metabolites.
Overnight 1mg test — The overnight test consists of administration of 1.0mg of dexamethasone at 11PM to 12AM, and measurement of serum cortisol at 8AM the next morning. Using current specific immunoassays, most normal individuals have an 8AM serum cortisol value of less than 1.8mcg/dL.
Standard two-day 2mg test — The two-day 2mg test consists of administering 0.5mg of dexamethasone every six hours for eight doses, and measurement of serum cortisol either two or six hours after the last dose. Most normal individuals have a cortisol level suppression of less than 1.8mcg/dL.
Since LDDST has a high false positive rate, it should not be used as the sole criterion for making the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. In case of a positive test, it may be informative to retain a serum sample collected at the time of cortisol measurement for measurement of the dexamethasone level. A low dexamethasone level suggests non-compliance, individual variation in dexamethasone metabolism, or individual drug variability effects on dexamethasone metabolism. The dexamethasone suppression tests are not a good choice for patients taking medications that may alter the metabolism of the drug.
c) Late evening salivary cortisol – Measurement of serum or salivary cortisol in the late evening is based upon the fact that the normal evening nadir in serum cortisol is preserved in obese and depressed patients, but not in those with Cushing's syndrome. Late evening salivary cortisol measurement has distinct advantages: it is noninvasive, saliva is easily collected, cortisol is stable in saliva at room temperature for several days, and can be performed by patient at home.
It is especially helpful in patients suspected of having cyclical or intermittent Cushing's syndrome. Late evening salivary cortisol measurement is a usefull test for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, however appropriate assay-specific and perhaps age-specific normative values must be used for its interpretation.
d) Late evening serum cortisol – This test has usually been performed in the hospital. The test can reliably beperformed on an ambulatory basis, aswell as asking the patient to return between 11PM and midnight for blood-drawing. At least two samples are required for assessment. Patients with intermediate values should be reevaluated after several weeks.
e) CRH after dexamethasone test – This is helpful in distinguishing patients with Cushing's syndrome from those with peudo-Cushing's syndrome. Compared to patients with Cushing's syndrome, depressed patients continue to show a suppressed plasma cortisol level even after infusion of CRH, which reflects preserved sensitivity of ACTH secretion to dexamethasone suppression.
SeeTable III for tests useful in diagnosing Cushing's syndrome.
Is the Cushing's syndrome ACTH independent or ACTH dependent i.e. does the patient have primary adrenal disease or an ACTH-secreting tumor?
Once the biochemical diagnosis of hypercortisolism is established, the second stage of the work-up involves the differentiation whether the hypercortisolism is ACTH-dependent (i.e., due to a pituitary or non-pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor), or ACTH independent (i.e., due to anadrenal source) by measuring plasma ACTH. This test is now best performed using a two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA).
Plasma ACTH concentrations are normally between 20 and 80pg/mL at 8AM. Between 11PM and midnight or at bedtime the ACTH concentration is normally nearing or at the nadir, usually less than 5pg/mL. Plasma ACTH measurements at any time of the day are satisfactory in patients in whom hypercortisolism has been established because they lack a normal circadian rhythm. Measurement on at least two separate days is recommended.
Undetectable or low levels of ACTH (<5mcg/dl) in a patient with serum cortisol concentration greater than 15mcg/dl characterizes a primary adrenal source (ACTH independent Cushing's syndrome). Thin-section computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the adrenal glands looking for an adrenal mass is usually the next procedure.
ACTH levels greater than 15mcg/dl typically indicate an ACTH dependent cause, and the next step involves a search for the source of the high ACTH (pituitary versus non-pituitary i.e. ectopic ACTH or CRH secretion).
An ACTH level in the 5 to 15mcg/dl range is considered indeterminate and should be repeated. In most cases the cortisol secretion turns out to be ACTH dependent. If the ACTH level remains consistently in the indeterminate range, a CRH- stimulation test can be helpful. After CRH infusion, if the peak ACTH response is blunted (<10mcg/dl), an ACTH independent (adrenal) cause is likely. However if there is a greater than 50% increase in mean plasma cortisol from baseline after CRH infusion, an ACTH- dependent cause is likely.
What is the source of the ACTH in the ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome i.e. does the patient have Cushing's disease orectopic ACTH syndrome?
Making a distinction between patients with Cushing's disease and ectopic ACTH syndrome is critical as it significantly influences treatment. Several tests can be utilized to differentiate between pituitary Cushing's disease and non-pituitary (ectopic) ACTH syndrome.
One fundamental difference between the two conditions is the fact that Cushing's disease is usually suppressible by dexamethasone and stimulatable by CRH, in contrast to ectopic ACTH syndrome. Therefore the commonly used initial test is the high dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST), which takes advantage of the fact that ACTH secretion by pituitary adenoma is only relatively resistant to negative feedback regulation by glucocorticoids.
Non-pituitary tumors on the other hand producing ectopic ACTH are completely resistant to such feedback (with the exception of bronchial carcinoids). The high dose test can be administered as a standard 2-day test (2mg, every 6 hours x 8 doses) or a single 8mg dose. If the urine free cortisol suppresses more than 90%, or the plasma cortisol suppresses over 50% from baseline, Cushing's disease is most likely. An MRI of the pituitary gland should be obtained next.
If Cushing's disease can not be definitely differenciated from ectopic ACTH syndrome with HDDST and MRI, additional studies may be useful. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) may demonstrate pituitary hypersecretion of ACTH by documenting a central-to-peripheral ACTH gradient in the blood draining the tumor. If there is no conclusive central-to-peripheral gradient after IPSS, the search for an ectopic ACTH source must continue.
Octreotide or pentetreotide scintigraphy can detect some ectopic ACTH secreting tumors, although neither is specific for ACTH-secreting tumors. Chest and upper abdominal CT or MRI should be performed to identify masses or to confirm any positive pentetreotide scans. PET scan is not recommended for routine use.
SeeTable IV for tests to differentiate between Cushing's disease from ectopic ACTH syndrome.
*17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS); adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH); dexamethasone (dex); high dosedexamethasonesuppression test (HDDST); inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPPS); urine free cortisol (UFC).
A. Management of Cushing's syndrome.
In certain patients, however, one or more of the last three goals may have to be sacrificed to achieve the essential first goal. Specific treatment may be delayed during diagnostic testing or with drug adjustments. During this time, treatment of co-morbidities such as hypertension, osteoporosis and diabetes should be instituted, and the use of medications to prevent thrombosis or bone loss should be considered.
The treatment of Cushing's syndrome due to exogenous therapy is to stop the glucocorticoid. Gradual withdrawal of glucocorticoids is important, because most patients on long-term therapy with have some degree of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal – axis suppression with resultant adrenal insufficiency if therapy is abruptly discontinued.
Adrenal imaging with CT or MRI will demonstrate unilateral or bilateral adrenal disease. Patients with adrenal adenomas or carcinomas are treated with unilateral adrenalectomy. Bilateral adrenalectomy is recommended for patients with bilateral micronodular or macronodular disease. During and after unilateral adrenalectomy, patients should receive glucocorticoid replacement until the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis recovers from the prolonged suppressive effects of glucocorticoid excess. Patients with bilateral adrenalectomy require lifelong glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement. In addition to adrenalectomy, patients with adrenal carcinomas typically require medications to control hypercortisolemia, which frequently recurs.
Transsphenoidal microadenectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with Cushing's disease with a clearly circumscribed microadenoma. Subtotal pituitary resection can be considered when no adenoma is found during surgery and subtotal (85%-90%) resection of the anterior pituitary gland may be performed if future fertility is not desired for the patient.
Pituitary irradiation is an option for patients in whom fertility is an important concern and in whom a tumor is not found or who are not cured by transsphenoidal resection of a tumor. Patients may undergo pituitary irradiation with either conventional radiation or stereotactic radiation. Pituitary irradiation may not control the hypercortisolemia for months to years and the patients during this time period treated with one or several adrenal enzyme inhibitors medical therapy until the full effects of the radiation are seen.
Adrenalectomy is bilateral total adrenalectomy with lifelong daily glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy is the final definitive cure, and may be preferred by some patients instead of radiation therapy. Bilateral adrenalectomy may need to be performed in patients with refractory disease.
Nelson's syndrome occurs in up to 25% of patients with Cushing's disease who are treated with bilateral adrenalectomy. In this syndrome, the pituitary enlarges and the patient develops hyperpigmentation associated with high ACTH levels. Pituitary irradiation before bilateral adrenalectomy may prevent Nelson's syndrome.
Surgical cure with transsphenoidal adenomectomy can be assessed with post-operative morning cortisol and ACTH levels, which are undetectable with successful complete resection of the tumor. During and after the transsphenoidal resection of the adenoma, patients require glucocorticoid replacement until recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis.Cytotoxic chemotherapy may offer temporary remission in patients with aggressive tumors.
Tumors that can be localized by imaging studies should be removed surgically. Imaging studies include CT, MRI and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Areas that may be imaged for the presence of tumor include the chest, abdomen, pelvis and neck. If the source is an occult tumor or if there is metastatic disease, medical treatment is required to control the hypercortisolism with adrenal enzyme inhibitors such as ketoconazole, metyrapone and etomidate. Tumor suppressing somatostatin receptors may be responsive to somatostatin analogs. Bilateral adrenalectomy may be performed in refractory cases.
Patients treated with these agents should have their plasma cortisol and 24-hour urine free cortisol levels monitored and doses titrated to keep cortisol levels in the normal range. Glucocorticoid replacement is added as cortisol levels approach the low-normal range.
Ketoconazole is an antifungal agent that inhibits 17-20 lyase, 11-B-hydroxylase and cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme. It is usually the first-line medication. It's cortisol-reducing effects are dose dependent and can be seen rapidly. The major side effect is liver toxicity. Other side effects include gynecomastia, impotence and gastrointestinal symptoms. Doses range from 200mg to 1200mg orally daily in two to three divided doses.
Mitotane inhibits cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme and 11-B-hydroxylase. Mitotane induces permanent destruction of adrenocortical cells and therefore can be used to achieve medical adrenalectomy as an alternative to surgical adrenalectomy. Glucocorticoid replacement is started at initiation of mitotane treatment. Mineralocorticoid treatment may eventually be required. Side effects are eventually dose dependent and include gastrointestinal symptoms, weakness, lethargy, leukopenia, gynecomastia and hypercholesterolemia. Doses start at 0.5 grams orally at bed time and are increased slowly to 2 to 3 gram/day in 3 to 4 divided doses for a total of 6 to 9 months.
Metyrapone inhibits 11-B hydroxylase. Major side effects include increased androgens, hypertension and hypokalemia secondary to increased 11-deoxycorticosterone. Doses range from 250 to 1000mg orally, given every 6 hours. Lower doses of 500 to 750mg orally daily can be used when given in combination with ketoconazole and/or aminoglutethimide.
Aminoglutethimideis an anticonvulsant that inhibits the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme. The usual dose is 250mg 2 to 3 times a day. Side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms, lethargy, ataxia, hypothyroidism, head ache, bone marrow supression, and skin rash. It is not as effective as monotherapy compared with the above mentioned agents and therefore is used in combination with other agents.
Mifipristone (RU486) is an antiprogestin, a cortisol receptor antagonist at high doses.Octreotide may be useful for ectopic ACTH syndrome.Etomidate is the only intravenous drug that can reduce cortisol levels. May be useful in hospitalized patients for acute management when used in non sedation doses as continuous infusion.Bromocriptine has a modest effect in Cushing's disease.
Untreated Cushing's syndrome is often fatal, with most deaths occurring from cardiovascular/thromboembolic or bacterial/fungal infections. Effective therapy, either by surgical cure or pharmacologic control of hypercortisolism, leads to gradual improvement in the clinical manifestation of Cushing's syndrome over a period of a few months to a year. Hypertension, glucose intolerance, osteoporosis and psychiatric symptoms generally improve, but may not resolve completely.
Cure rates after transsphenoidal surgery have been documented ranging up to 80 to 90%. Remission is achieved in an additional 45 to 80% of patients undergoing pituitary irradiation after unsuccessful pituitary surgery. Patients requiring a second pituitary surgery have a remission rate of 43 to 71%. Most patients become hypoadrenal for months to years after surgery, requiring glucocorticoid replacement surgery.
It is hard to predict the degree of residual pituitary function after partial hypophysectomy. The more extensive the resection, the greater the risk of loss of pituitary function. Long-term follow-up and monitoring for clinical manifestation of tumor recurrence is mandatory. The hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis must be evaluated 6 to 12 months after surgery to determine the potential need for exogenous steroid replacement therapy. Patients with panhypopituitarism secondary to surgery require lifelong monitoring and titration of hormone replacement therapy.
Adrenal adenomas and benign ACTH secreting tumors that can be completely surgically resected can be cured. Patients with ectopic ACTH secretion and adrenocortical carcinoma may have a poor prognosis with the underlying malignancy. The patients are rarely cured, but the hypercortisolemia can be controlled with medications or bilateral adrenalectomy. These patients have mortality secondary to the malignancy rather than the hypercortisolemia.
Newell-Price, J. "Cushing's syndrome". Lancet. vol. 367. 2006. pp. 1605-1617.
Chakravarthy, MV. "A simplified paradigm for screening patients for Cushing's syndrome using late-night salivary cortisol (cutoffs for salivary cortisol from Ref. 5)". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. vol. 91. 2006. pp. 3746-3753.


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text:
NFL money grab, forcing season ticket holders to buy pre season games where stars sit out
Steve Trevelise Published: August 23, 2021
(Getty Stock)
If you're a season ticket holder of an NFL team, you are forced to buy tickets to the pre-season games. That means you're paying top dollar to see games filled with backups and guys who will end up getting cut. It's definitely not the caliber of play worth the price of the ticket.
It wasn't as bad when at least the teams would play their starters for a quarter or a half but now teams are playing their starters in joint practices that they set up with other teams. So the poor season ticket holder who's already shelled out thousands for both the game tickets as well as personal seat licenses in many cases is now forced to shell out $70 dollars apiece if not more plus $35 dollars parking which the Giants raised this year. Nothing like taking advantage of a captive audience.
As bad as it is to force people to buy tickets for games where the stars barely play, it's even worse to force them to buy tickets at high prices for games where the stars hardly play at all. If the NFL is going to allow the teams to hold the stars out, then they should not be forcing season ticket holders to buy the pre-season games.
Giants Barkley Football
The NFL will tell you that they don't want to risk injury to the starters yet they'll play them in joint practices. They'll tell you they don't want to tip their offensive or defensive strategies in the preseason. That's fine but if that's the way the NFL teams want to play it, then they shouldn't be forcing the season ticket holders to buy the pre-season games, which they end up either eating or giving away.
What the NFL should do, is put them on sale to the general public. Let them see if people would actually buy them. Perhaps they could do donate them to those who would otherwise never afford to see a live game. But then again why do something nice when you could take advantage of the loyal fans you are already overcharging, to begin with?
Such a deal these NFL season tickets. First, you pay thousands of dollars for a personal seat license which is the opportunity to purchase the tickets, then you pay thousands for the tickets themselves including the preseason seats, then parking passes. Personally, I'd rather buy a big screen TV a Red Zone package and enjoy the Giants in the comfort of my own home.
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The post above reflects the thoughts and observations of New Jersey 101.5 talk show host Steve Trevelise. Any opinions expressed are Steve's own. Steve Trevelise is on New Jersey 101.5 Monday-Thursday from 7pm-11pm. Follow him on Twitter @realstevetrev.
55 baseball players from NJ
55 baseball players from NJ (that Joe V could find stock photos of)
New Jersey has contributed its share of major league baseball players through the decades. Here's a few dozen!
Filed Under: Football, NFL, NFL preseason, Season Tickets
Categories: Steve Trevelise, Talking About ...


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