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Piety on Kierkegaard
Original scholarship by M.G. Piety and general news relating to Kierkegaard scholarship
Tag: Biography
Posted on October 26, 2019 November 5, 2019
"Positivism" versus Truthiness in Biography: A False Dichotomy
Caricature of Kierkegaard from an 1848 issue of The Corsair
Clare Carlisle took exception to my review in the Times Literary Supplement of her biography of Kierkegaard ("Alone for dinner" TLS 4 October 2019). She accused me in a letter to the editor in the next edition of being either "unable or unwilling to approach [her] life of Kierkegaard on its own terms, i.e., as a literary work combining biography and philosophy" ("Letters,",TLS 11 October 2019). I have no objection, however, to combining biography and philosophy. In fact, I can't imagine a biography of a philosopher that wouldn't do that. How would it be possible to treat fully the life of a thinker without giving any attention to the character of his or her thought? (You can read my response to Carlisle's letter here.)
No, what Carlisle objected to was not that I failed to approach her life of Kierkegaard on its own terms, but that I did actually approach it on its own terms and exposed it as flawed on those terms. Carlisle didn't claim that the book was a combination of biography and historical fiction, but that's what it, in fact, is in that it invents thoughts that Kierkegaard might plausibly have had and then attributes them to him directly, without this qualification (see, for example, "Fictional Biography, Factual Biography, and their Contaminations," Ina Schabert Biography, Vol. 5, No. 1, Winter 1982 on the difference between historical fiction and biography, as well as the more recent "History's Handmaids: Historical Fiction and Biography," a post by the biographer Louise W. Knight to the website for the Wellesley Centers for Women).
Carlisle accuses me of "grim positivism" as if I had an objection to a biographer speculating about the inner life of his or her subject. I don't object to that, though. My objection was to presenting speculations as fact. If Carlisle had simply prefaced her speculations with qualifications such as "at this point, Kierkegaard might well have been thinking…" or "it is reasonable to suppose that Kierkegaard's thoughts now turned to…," etc., etc., I'd have had no problem with them.
The charge of "positivism" is a straw man. Positivism, according to Oxford University Press's online dictionary, means "A philosophical system recognizing only that which can be scientifically verified or which is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and therefore rejecting metaphysics and theism." I don't think we should recognize only things that can be scientifically verified or proved with mathematical precision, and I didn't even imply in my review that I thought such a thing. In fact, it is precisely because of the impossibility of pinning down any historical fact with the precision that is required in the hard sciences that the line between fact and fiction must be rigorously maintained.
Historical facts are established as such not by pinning them down with scientific or mathematical precision, but by showing they are supported by the preponderance of available evidence, all the while laboring to uncover more evidence either to support the existing interpretation of the evidence or to tip the scales in favor of an alternative interpretation.
What Carlisle objected to was not my purported "positivism," but that I exposed that there were errors in the book that would have been flaws even in a work of historical fiction, to the extent that writers of historical fiction endeavor to get the historical facts on which they creatively elaborate correct (see Schabert. op. cit.) . Leon Edel asserts that a biographer "may be as imaginative as he pleases, so long as he does not imagine his facts" (see Schabert, op. cit., p. 1). But that's what Carlisle does, she imagines facts. That is, she doesn't simply impute thoughts to Kierkegaard without qualifying them as speculations, she makes claims about him that are demonstrably false according to the generally accepted standards of the verification of historical claims, standards that are far looser than those required by positivism, but which are standards nonetheless.
In particular, Carlisle presents Kierkegaard's "pubic humiliation and ridicule" at the hands of the satirical newspaper Corsaren (the corsair) as restricted to 1846 (see Philosopher of the Heart, 61). Peter Tudvad revealed, however, in Kierkegaards København (Politiken, 2004), his groundbreaking study of Kierkegaard's life and the city in which he lived, that the The Corsair's campaign against Kierkegaard was not restricted to 1846, as earlier biographers had supposed, but began in 1846 and continued, off and on, right up until Kierkegaard's death in 1855. Moreover, the The Corsair was not the only periodical to make public sport of ridiculing Kierkegaard. Paul Bauer discovered back in the mid '90s that at least one other newspaper, Folkets Nisse, had done so as well. That these facts cannot be established with mathematical precision does not mean they can be ignored, or that an alternative account of the facts is just as valid.
Charges of "positivism" are the last refuge of intellectual scoundrels —i.e., people whose claims have been exposed as having insufficient evidence to support them. Nothing outside the hard sciences can be proven with scientific or mathematical precision, they point out, so the requirement that a particular claim needs more evidence to support it is portrayed as a misguided demand for the impossible. There is an enormous difference, however, between a demand that a claim be supported by a preponderance of available evidence and a claim that it should be proven with mathematical precision. To conflate the two is either an expression of disingenuousness, as in the case of the tobacco industry's repeated denial that there was proof cigarettes caused cancer, or feeblemindedness, as is the case with some, if not all, climate-change deniers.
Does it matter very much whether we ever get a really good biography of Kierkegaard? Probably not. That we endeavor assiduously to maintain the line between fact and fiction, however, no matter how challenging that may be, matters a great deal. If intellectuals abandon that distinction, there is little hope that anyone else will maintain it.
The above caricature of Kierkegaard is an illustration from Tudvad's book that comes from an 1848 issue of The Corsair. Check back here for a post that looks more closely at the subject of the extended public pillorying of Kierkegaard and which will include another caricature of Kierkegaard from 1848 as well as English translations of the text that accompanies these caricatures.
(Earlier versions of this article appeared in the October 18, 2019 issue of the online political journal CounterPunch, as well as in The Life of the Mind, the blog on my website mgpiety.org)
Bad News and Good News…
I have some bad news and some good news. The bad news is that Google, does not, in fact have the complete text of Repetition and Philosophical Crumbs online, but only a portion of it. Also, the site that promises a free ebook version of it is bogus. I'm indebted to Don Anderson for alerting me to these facts. This means that there is no searchable electronic version of this volume, or at least not one in general circulation. I have such a version, but Oxford would have my hide if I started sending it out to people. It was like pulling teeth to get them allow me to publish excerpts in the online journal The Smart Set.
I have a plan though. I am going to make an index for the volume myself and make it available free of charge to anyone who wants it. I probably won't have it done until sometime this spring. I will let you know, though, when I've finished it.
The reason I won't have the index done until spring is that I am hard at work on my new book Fear and Dissembling: The Copenhagen Kierkegaard Controversy. This book is going to be a collection of English translations of some of the articles that appeared in the Danish media on the controversy over Joakim Garff's book SAK (GAD, 2000), or Søren Kierkegaard, A Biography (Princeton, 2005). Both Garff and his critic, Peter Tudvad, have tentatively agreed to be involved in the project. I will send each a list of the articles I plan to include for his approval and each is free to recommend additional articles he would like to see included. Garff has also suggested that a few original essays could be appended to the end of the book. I'm all for that if it we can get a good group of contributors and it doesn't delay the project too much.
I think you'll like this book. It won't simply be about Kierkegaard, but about larger issues such as the nature of biography and how difficult it can sometimes be to draw a line between fact and fiction.
Postscript: I have abandoned the idea of doing an index for Crumbs because Oxford has brought out an ebook version that is searchable.
The Meaning of "Ethics" in Fear and Trembling
On Repetition
Kierkegaard on "Dialectic"
Kierkegaard's Conservatism
Danish Scholar's Review of Controversial Kierkegaard Biography
Kierkegaard and Traditionalism
The Biblical Foundations of Kierkegaard's Monarchism
Kierkegaard on Women
Something on Johannes de silentio
A Problem with Hannay's Postscript
Follow Piety on Kierkegaard on WordPress.com
Flash philosophy
Kierkegaard and Psychology
Kierkegaard and the Jews
News from Copenhagen
Once Upon a Time in Denmark
Repetition and Philosophical Crumbs
Resources for Kierkegaard Scholarship


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Our Lady of sub
Italian Early Renaissance Painter, 1445-1510 Italian painter and draughtsman. In his lifetime he was one of the most esteemed painters in Italy, enjoying the patronage of the leading families of Florence, in particular the Medici and their banking clients. He was summoned to take part in the decoration of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, was highly commended by diplomatic agents to Ludovico Sforza in Milan and Isabella d Este in Mantua and also received enthusiastic praise from the famous mathematician Luca Pacioli and the humanist poet Ugolino Verino. By the time of his death, however, Botticelli s reputation was already waning. He was overshadowed first by the advent of what Vasari called the maniera devota, a new style by Perugino, Francesco Francia and the young Raphael, whose new and humanly affective sentiment, infused atmospheric effects and sweet colourism took Italy by storm; he was then eclipsed with the establishment immediately afterwards of the High Renaissance style, which Vasari called the modern manner, in the paintings of Michelangelo and the mature works of Raphael in the Vatican. From that time his name virtually disappeared until the reassessment of his reputation that gathered momentum in the 1890s Related Paintings of Sandro Botticelli :. | Venus and Mars | Annunciation of San Martino alla Scala | Young man in a yellow mantle (self-portrait of Botticelli) | Portrait of Dante Alighieri | Primavera |
william witherington
William Frederick Witherington (26 May 1785 - 10 April 1865) was an English painter and academic. Born in London, he entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1805. Except for one year he exhibited annually at the Royal Academy from 1811 until his death. He was elected A.R.A. on 1 November 1830 and R.A. on 10 February 1840. He retired as an academician on 28th May 1863. His early works were mostly landscapes, but the influence of artists like George Morland (1763 - 1804) can be seen in the importance he gave to the figurative element in his paintings. Witherington enjoyed painting English scenery and never travelled abroad. As with many of his works, he does not depict the harsh realities of rural life, but instead records incidents of family life. Like his contemporary, Augustus Wall Callcott, RA, he creates a composition with a lively foreground of figures and animals, combined with a landscape with distant vistas glimpsed through the wood.
Hendrick Danckerts
(c.1625 - 1680) was a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter and engraver. Danckerts was born in The Hague, where he learned his trade and remained until 1653.He visited England for the first time in 1650.In 1653 he went to Italy, where he stayed for five years. He then moved to England where he entered the service of Charles II and the Duke of York. He painted Italianate landscapes, especially views of harbors and royal residences. He also produced portraits and devotional pictures and made engravings after the Italian old masters in the Royal Collection. He left England in 1679due to the public hostility towards Roman Catholics after the Popish Plot controversy. He died soon after in Amsterdam.
Harriet Backer
Norwegian Painter, 1845-1932 Norwegian painter. In the 1860s and early 1870s she took lessons in drawing and painting in Christiania (now Oslo) and also travelled extensively in Europe with her sister Agathe, a composer and pianist. She copied works in major museums and took occasional art lessons; she later considered this experience to have been of fundamental importance to her artistic development. Little Red Riding Hood (1872; Oslo, N.G.) is impressive in technique, and the early portrait of her sister, Agathe Backer-Grendahl (1874; Holmestrand, Komm.), shows a refined colour scheme. At the age of nearly 30 Backer decided to train professionally as a painter and in 1874 went to Munich. She was never attached to a particular institution, but the influence of her friend the artist Eilif Peterssen was crucial to her development. In Munich she made a thorough study of perspective, which formed a secure basis for her later work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are lucky to live in a time when our brain is increasingly well understood. You can learn how to feel good by turning on your happy chemicals in new ways. No one can do this for you and you cannot do it for someone else. This chapter outlines specific suggestions for new roads to dopamine happiness, endorphin happiness, oxytocin happiness, and serotonin happiness.
The abundance of choices will help you find a path you can believe in. Then you can wire it into your brain by repeating it for forty-five days without fail. Once you've built a new habit based around ways to feel happier, you will be so pleased with your power over your brain that you will want to build another.
Here's how to feel happier by increasing dopamine. Implementing the following habits are small ways to feel good on a short term and long term basis when practiced regularly.
You have some success every day, so commit to finding it and say, "I did it!" You will not conduct a symphony at Carnegie Hall every day. You will not lead starving hordes into the Promised Land every day. To feel good regularly, adjust your expectations so you can be pleased with something you actually do. This doesn't mean you are lowering your expectations, or "full of yourself," or losing touch with reality. It means you are lingering on your gains the way you already linger on your losses (which I'm sure you can imagine is not a key for how to feel better).
Celebrating small steps triggers more dopamine than saving it up for one big achievement. Big accomplishments don't make you feel happy forever, so if you always tie happiness to a far-off goal, you may end up frustrated. Instead, learn to be happy with your progress. You will not be celebrating with champagne and caviar each day. You will be giving yourself permission to have a feeling of accomplishment. This feeling is better than external rewards. It's free, it has no calories, and it doesn't impair your driving. You have a small victory every day. Why not enjoy it and feel good in the process?
At first, it might feel silly to look for reasons to pat yourself on the back, and the reasons you come up with might make you uncomfortable. Still, commit to doing this whether or not it feels good. You can decide to be worthy of your own applause and enjoy the feeling, even if just for a split second. If it feels fake or forced, that's normal, because the circuits that berate your accomplishments feel strong and true.
Celebrating small accomplishments is a valuable skill, not only because it's one of the ways to feel happier, but also because big things come from many small steps. You won't take those steps if you are just running on the fumes of the last big thing. Finally, your daily triumph will feel better if it doesn't depend on one-upping someone. If you have to win in ways that make someone lose, you limit yourself and end up with side effects. You can celebrate what you are creating instead of just who you are defeating.
No success is too small. Do not undermine your good feeling by apologizing to yourself for the triviality of the accomplishment. Just enjoy the split second of triumph and move on. It's just a spark, but if you ignite it every day, you will be your own best spark plug. Remember, learning how to feel happy and good is a practice.
It doesn't take much time or money to step toward a goal. Just commit ten minutes a day and you will feel momentum instead of feeling stuck. Ten minutes is not enough to move mountains, but it's enough to approach the mountain and see it accurately. Instead of dreaming about your goal from afar, you can gather the information you need to plan realistically. Your goals might change as your information grows. You might even learn that your fantasy goal would not make you feel happy. Those ten-minute investments can free you from unnecessary regret and help you find a hill you can actually climb and feel good in the process. Your ten-minute efforts can define manageable steps so you're not just waiting for huge leaps that never come.
If you think you can't spare ten minutes a day, consider the time you already spend dreaming of what you'd rather be doing. You can use that time to research the necessary steps. You will get a dopamine feeling each day as those steps come into view. You will start to expect that dopamine feeling and look forward to it. You will learn to feel that it's possible to transform a dream into reality with steady effort. When your ten minutes is over, go back to living in the present, which is another hack for how to feel good and happy. Do not make a habit of focusing constantly on the future.
Take action, don't just daydream. Spend your time on concrete action. Don't spend it fantasizing about quitting your day job or pressuring others to help you. It's not their goal. Dig into practical realities instead. Do this faithfully for forty-five days and you will begin to feel better and have the habit of moving forward.
Everyone has a dreaded task they'd rather forget about. It might be the mess inside your closets or the mess inside an important relationship. One method for how to feel happier is to commit to spending ten minutes a day on your dreaded task. You don't need to have the solution when you start, only the willingness to keep stepping.
You may think it's impossible to clean out closets or renegotiate relationships in ten-minute chunks. But if you wait for grand solutions, you will languish for quite a long time. Instead, go to that closet, pull out one chunk of mess, and sort it out for ten minutes. Go to that yucky relationship riddled with disappointment and plant goodwill for ten minutes. You might not feel happier right away, but don't let a day go by without tackling another chunk. Keep it up for forty-five days and you will be comfortable tackling the annoyances that stand in the way of making your life feel better.
Of course, you can't control other people the way you can control the contents of your closet. But you will replace a bad feeling with a good feeling if you keep trying. And you will keep trying because your positive expectations trigger dopamine, which is one of the neurochemical ways to feel good.
Your dreaded task may miraculously resolve itself in less than forty-five days! If so, don't stop. Find another painful mess so you keep going for forty-five more days. That's what builds the habit of facing tough challenges in small increments instead of being intimidated by them. Remember to feel good about what you've done each day. Soon, you'll have the habit of tackling obstacles and feeling rewarded by it, which is a great way to feel happy.
Good feelings flow when the level of challenge you face is "just right." If a basketball hoop is too low, you get no pleasure from scoring points. If it's too high, you have no reason to try. Effort is fun when you expect a reward for your effort but it's not certain. You can adjust the hoops in your life as one of the ways to feel happy and make things fun.
Here's another hack for how to feel good in your life. For forty-five days, experiment with lowering the bar in areas where you have set yourself impossible goals and raising the bar in places where you've set it so low that you feel no reward. If you feel you have no choice between frozen dinners and gourmet banquets, define a moderate cooking goal and start your forty-five days now. If you feel you have no choice between sitting on the couch and walking the red carpet, try going out in a middle-of-the-road way, and then try another way.
Here's how to feel better by increasing endorphin. Committing to the following habits are additional ways to feel good that will carry over into the long term.
Laughing stimulates endorphin as it spontaneously convulses your innards. Find out what makes you laugh, and make time for it. This is one of the best and easiest ways to feel happy. A big ha-ha laugh is necessary to trigger endorphin—sneering at people you disdain doesn't do it. Nor does laughing on the outside, although that might prime the pump. It can be hard to find what triggers your laughs, but you can commit to keep sampling comedy until you get your daily laugh.
Laughter is not just a way to feel good, it's a release of fear. Imagine laughing with relief after a close call with a snake. Social risks are more common than predator risk in modern life, and we often fear expressing a socially unacceptable emotion. Social shunning is a real survival threat in the state of nature, so we are wired to take these things seriously. Comedians often express socially risky feelings. When they survive, the part of you that fears shunning laughs with relief. You can think of laughing as creating safety instead of thinking it's frivolous.
You can enjoy more relief if you put it at the top of your priority list for forty-five days. Don't give up if it takes a bit of trial and error. I often think jokes are "not funny," but I have found a local improv troop that always seems hilarious to me. So I make time for it, a lot—what a better way to feel happy than that!
Varying your exercise routine is a good hack for how to feel good and to trigger endorphin. It takes strain to trigger endorphin, and if you keep straining the same place, you risk injury. If you work new places with new exercise, moderate exertion can stimulate endorphin.
Your body has three layers of muscles. When you vary your exercise, you give the neglected, constricted layers more attention. Since they're weak, they have to work harder, so you stimulate development where it's needed instead of going overboard on the parts you overuse. Chasing an endorphin high is not worth the risk of wearing out a part and needing a parts replacement. Variety is a great alternative and one of the best ways to feel better.
If you're a person who doesn't exercise at all, everything you do will be something different and it will all feel good. If you're already athletic, you may hate the uncoordinated feeling you get when you try something new. You may see it as a setback, when it's actually strengthening your weakest link. Free yourself from performance anxiety for forty-five days. You may like it so much that you want to try another variation for another forty-five days, and can keep switching things up, finding new ways to be happy.
Endorphin is also stimulated when you stretch. Everyone can add stretching to their daily routine, because you can do it while you're watching TV, waiting in line, or talking on the phone. Mild stretching brings circulation into constricted areas. Stop before you feel pain. Just because a little is good doesn't mean a lot is better, nor is it needed to start feeling happier. If you stretch every day for forty-five days, you will not only feel good but also come to enjoy it so much that you will look forward to doing it every day.
Stretching is not just about arms and legs. Sample classes that introduce deeper stretches without hurting yourself. The point is not to push harder on the usual spots but to stretch spots you didn't know you had, such as the muscles between your ribs. Don't forget to stretch your toes, fingers, and even ears—you'll be surprised by the ways this can feel good.
Slow movement is an essential variation on this theme. Tai chi and Qi Gong are so slow that you may think they're not real exercise. But super-slow movement is more of a workout than it seems. It forces you to use muscles evenly, activating the weaker muscles instead of letting the dominant ones take over. Both are great exercise methods for how to feel good in your body and mind. Commit to doing something that doesn't look like "real exercise" for forty-five days, and you will feel the difference.
Here's how to feel happier by increasing oxytocin circuits, which are activated when we bond with others, fall in love and experience pleasure.
Building trust is another key for how to feel happy and good, as it stimulates oxytocin. Maybe there's someone you want to trust, but you can't bridge the divide. It's good to know you can build trust with a long series of very small interactions that help you feel better along the way. Individuals or groups with an unfortunate history cannot always wipe the slate clean all at once. Intermediate steps build trust gradually. The stepping stones can be placed so close together that neither party risks a big betrayal. Each step need only create positive expectations about the next step rather than resolve the whole problem. Each small experience of trust stimulates the good feeling of oxytocin, which connects neurons that help trigger more.
Divorce lawyers use this strategy to help a couple reach agreement. You might try it with that person who is "ruining your life." Initiate a very small interaction, and if that proceeds without disaster, do it again. The goal is not to trust blindly and get disappointed. The goal is to build positive expectations.
Coexisting without trust is bad, but getting burned again is worse. So instead of taking a leap of faith with that crazy neighbor or the coworker who stabbed you in the back, you can find steps that are comfortable. For forty-five days, craft reciprocal exchanges that build stepping stones toward trust with difficult people. You can't predict the results since you can't control others. But you will expand your sense of control over the trust bonds in your life. This is hard work, and it may not feel good in the short run. But in the long run, it builds confidence that you can do something about those thorns in your side learn how to feel happy in spite of them.
a week to build up to a shared chuckle about traffic, and even that may stir up bad feelings that are curiously strong. But you will continue making neutral contact—neither venting anger nor rushing to please. In forty-five days, you will have built a new shared foundation upon which you both feel happier and better about. You may always need to limit your trust in this person, but you will be able to relax in his presence the way gazelles relax in a world full of lions.
Oxytocin works both ways. When other people trust you, it feels good whether or not you trust them. You can enjoy more oxytocin by creating opportunities for people to trust you. Handle this strategy with care—you do not want to be the rescuer of everyone you know forty-five days from now. Your goal is simply to feel the pleasure of another person's trust for a moment each day as a way to feel happier in your daily life. Of course, you can't force other people to trust you, and it may take more than a moment to extend yourself in ways that build trust. Do not spend a lot of time seeking approval. Simply honor your commitments, and then pause to enjoy being a person who honors her commitments. It may sound self-important, but the circuit it builds is the foundation of future trust. So plan to honor your commitments scrupulously for forty-five days. This is how to feel good simply by increasing trust with yourself and others.
+ Start a reciprocal exchange with a massage buddy.
+ Build the skill in a community-education class so you can absorb the enthusiasm of your classmates.
+ Try self-massage, which is a surprisingly effective way to feel good, too. The Qi Gong self-massage technique requires no special strength and it's easy to learn from a video.
Once you create the habit of stimulating your oxytocin in this way, it's a pleasure you will always have available.
Here's how to feel happy by increasing serotonin circuits, which come alive in a variety of situations.
Pride is complicated. Applause-seeking can have bad side effects, but when you get no recognition from others, something feels wrong. You could applaud yourself, but the brain is not easily tricked by hollow self-respect. It wants respect from others to feel good because that has survival value. Alas, there is no guaranteed safe way to get this serotonin boost. Social recognition is unpredictable and fleeting. But you can stimulate your serotonin without being "a jerk." Simply express pride in something you've done once a day.
Pride is a rudder that helps you navigate opportunities to get social recognition. It helps you steer between the opposite extremes of constant approval-seeking and cynical dejection, which actually can help you feel quite happy and content. Taking pride in yourself means more than just thinking it silently. It means daring to say, "Look what I did!" to another living soul. Asking others to respect your accomplishment is risky because you may be disappointed. People often protect themselves by insisting that social respect doesn't matter or that it's hopelessly unfair. But these rationales don't help you feel better because they don't soothe the mammal brain's longing for the sense of security that social respect brings.
So for forty-five days, say "look what I did" to someone else once a day. You will expect a positive reaction, and if you don't get it, you will learn that it doesn't kill you. The next day you will crow with positive expectations again. It's hard to overcome negative expectations. It's natural to have concerns about the "right" way to crow. But if you keep trying for forty-five days, you will wire in the feeling of social respect and learn how to feel good expressing pride regularly.
Believe it or not, your social position changes constantly. One minute you feel like you're in the subordinate position and the next minute you find yourself in the dominant position in relation to those you focus on. You hate the subordinate position, but when you're dominant, that frustrates you too. You can learn how to feel happy by enjoying the advantages of wherever you are instead of focusing on the frustrations.
You may think equality would make you happy, but the closer you get to it, the more your brain finds tiny differences to dwell on. When mammals gather, each brain seeks the good feeling of being dominant. You can easily see this in others, but when your brain does it, it feels like you're just seeking what you deserve to feel good. Your inner mammal will constantly find ways that you have been undervalued and this can make you miserable even in a rather good life. You will feel much happier if you relax and enjoy wherever you find yourself.
+ When you're in the subordinate position, notice the advantages. Someone else is in the "hot seat." You're not responsible for protecting others, and you don't have to worry about defending your position.
+ When you're in the dominant position, enjoy the moments of respect and choice instead of being overwhelmed by the pressure, because those moments will end.
For forty-five days, notice your status frustrations and remind yourself of the hidden advantages of wherever you are as a way to boost serotonin and a way to feel better. Your status will always be going up and down in small ways. Your mammal brain will always keep track of it, as much as you wish it wouldn't. If you fret over your position, the fretting will never end. You can focus on the positives instead, which will train your brain to feel happier. Once you create this thought habit, you will always have a way to make peace with your mammal brain.
Your brain looks for things you can control and feels good when you're in charge. But our control is often limited and unpredictable, so frustration percolates. You can learn how to feel better and more comfortable with your limited control. That doesn't mean being out of control or giving up. It means feeling safe when you're not in charge.
To build this new circuit and train your brain with how to feel happier, notice your usual strategy for feeling "on top of things," and do the opposite. For example, if you are a person who tries to bake the perfect soufflé, spend forty-five days cooking without recipes. Conversely, if you are a person who likes to just throw things into a pot, spend forty-five days following recipes.
If you are a person who likes everything neat, let junk pile up for six weeks as a surprising way to feel happy and good. But if you are a person who hates order and loves chaos, put things away as soon as you use them for six weeks. Color outside the lines if that's new for you, but if you already pride yourself on that, courageously stay inside the lines. It might feel awful on Day One, but forty-four days later it will feel curiously safe.
1. Start an activity without having an exact time you need to stop. Finish the activity without ever checking the clock the whole time. It's over when you feel like it's over.
2. Set aside a time each day to spend with no plan.
3. Designate a day you can wake up without looking at the clock and continue through your day with no time-checking.
No matter how busy you are, you can find a way to relax your efforts to control time. You may be surprised at the bad feelings that come up, despite your abiding wish to escape time pressure. The bad feelings won't kill you, however, and accepting them helps you accept the harsh realities of time and feel happy and better in spite of it.
Your mammal brain feels good about things it can control. Some people break traffic laws to enjoy a sense of control, while others feel their power by scolding those who break traffic laws. Whatever gives you a sense of power won't work all the time, however. You will end up feeling weak and unimportant some of the time. That triggers cortisol, but you can learn to feel safe when you are not in control.
For forty-five days, give up control instead of trying to control the world in your accustomed ways. Don't quit your day job to beg with a rice bowl and think that will be a way to feel good. Just stop checking the weather report, buying lottery tickets, and expecting the world to work according to your rules. Choose one habit you have for feeling in control, and do without it. If you can't give up your control ritual completely, commit to giving it up for a certain time each day. You will learn how to feel happy and safe in the world despite your inability to control it.
If you were planning a trip to the Amazon, you'd have to choose between interesting places far from paved roads and destinations that are easily accessible. The exotic locales would entice you, but when you saw what it took to get there, you might gravitate toward the beaten path.
It's the same with your jungle of neurons. New goals sound great, but once you start slogging toward them, well-paved neural highways may tempt you. You can build a new highway if you slog for forty-five days. Exciting destinations will start to feel good and become accessible, so your old roads will be less tempting.
first. Spark your new trail each day whether or not you feel like it, and you will eventually pass it with ease, feeling happier and better as you go. You may not get the highs of your old happy habit, but you will learn to feel good without artificial highs and their inevitable side effects. You will be so pleased with your new habit that you will want to build another, and another.
It bears repeating that you will not feel happy on Day One. Maintain realistic expectations. Nibbling on carrot sticks will not feel as good as licking an ice cream cone on Day One, and it may not seem that this could change with repetition. Doing homework will not feel as good as watching a movie on Day One, and it's hard to imagine that changing either. Stick to your plan and you will connect carrot sticks or studying to your happy chemicals. You can learn how to feel good when you do what's good for you.
The first step is a willingness to do things that don't feel good at first. This is difficult because your brain usually trusts its own reactions. You don't usually listen to music you dislike on the assumption that you'll grow to like it. You don't befriend a person you dislike or join an activity you're bad at on the assumption that something will change.
It's natural to trust your current likes and dislikes when you think that will make you feel happy. But now you know that they're based on accidents of experience rather than complete information. Your accidental circuits cause the threatened feeling you get when you depart from the road you know. If you avoid the threatened feeling by sticking to the old road, you miss out on a universe of potential happiness. You can learn to enjoy the challenge of embarking on a new road to feel good.
With so many choices for how to feel happier and so many neurons to help you feel better, you can build a lot of new pathways to your happy chemicals. But you only have a limited amount of time and energy. If you spread it everywhere, a new road may not get built. So choose one remodeling project to start with. Commit to repeating it for forty-five days whether or not you feel like it. If you miss a day, start over with Day One.
Commitments to yourself can be difficult to enforce but will ultimately feel good. For example, I made the commitment to bring reusable bags with me when I buy food, but I kept forgetting them. So I added the commitment to go back to my car and get them if I forgot. The next time I found myself at the supermarket without the bags, I thought "I'm too busy to go back to the car." Then I realized that I will always be busy, and I am a powerless person if I can't even honor a commitment to myself. So I went back to the car to get the bags, and I never forgot them again because I didn't want to waste time going back to my car. You will not want to waste time starting over with Day One. You will want to honor your commitments to yourself and thus enjoy a new happy habit.
This article on feeling good is excerpted with permission from Habits of a Happy Brain: Retrain Your Brain to Boost Your Serotonin, Dopamine, Oxytocin, & Endorphin Levels by Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD. Used by permission of the publisher, Adams Media, a division of Simon & Schuster. All rights reserved.


text:
Dick Heinegård, född 13 juni 1942, död  1 maj 2013, var en svensk biokemist. Han disputerade 1974 vid Lunds universitet och blev där senare professor i medicinsk och fysiologisk kemi. Hans forskning var koncentrerad kring biologi och patologi hos bindväv. Heinegård invaldes 2002 som ledamot av Vetenskapsakademien.

Källor

Noter

Svenska professorer i medicinsk och fysiologisk kemi
Personer verksamma vid Lunds universitet
Ledamöter av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien
Födda 1942
Avlidna 2013
Män

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: handling exception: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: No appropriate protocol (protocol is disabled or cipher suites are inappropriate) when i tried to enabled TLSv1.2 and cipher suite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 for jms, i got the error which i mensioning with server.xml file below. i am using java 1.8.0_221, tomcat 9, spring2.9. then      i replaced the jar file of jce(java cryptography extension) in /security/policy/unlimited which downloaded from https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-jce8-downloads.html, but getting same error. i have executed following command to check jce policy > jrunscript -e "exit (println(javax.crypto.Cipher.getMaxAllowedKeyLength("AES") >= 256));"   the result is false
>error

-------- Allow unsafe renegotiation: false Allow legacy hello messages: true Is initial handshake: true Is secure renegotiation:
false Ignoring unsupported cipher suite:
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 for TLSv1 Ignoring unsupported
cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 for TLSv1 Ignoring
unsupported cipher suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite:
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 for TLSv1 Ignoring unsupported
cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 for TLSv1 Ignoring
unsupported cipher suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 for
TLSv1 Ignoring unsupported cipher suite:
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1 Ignoring unsupported
cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 for TLSv1.1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite:
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 for TLSv1.1 Ignoring unsupported
cipher suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1.1 Ignoring
unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 for
TLSv1.1 Ignoring unsupported cipher suite:
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 for TLSv1.1 Ignoring unsupported
cipher suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1.1 Ignoring
unsupported cipher suite: TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 for
TLSv1.1 %% No cached client session update handshake state:
client_hello1 upcoming handshake states: server_hello[2]
*** ClientHello, TLSv1.2 RandomCookie:  GMT: 1609878173 bytes = { 249, 22, 95, 249, 42, 246, 180, 241, 102, 79, 48, 131, 82, 55, 217, 46, 69,
118, 173, 155, 13, 170, 188, 28, 45, 107, 53, 45 } Session ID:  {}
Cipher Suites: [TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV] Compression Methods:  { 0 }
Extension elliptic_curves, curve names: {secp256r1, secp384r1,
secp521r1, sect283k1, sect283r1, sect409k1, sect409r1, sect571k1,
sect571r1, secp256k1} Extension ec_point_formats, formats:
[uncompressed] Extension signature_algorithms, signature_algorithms:
SHA512withECDSA, SHA512withRSA, SHA384withECDSA, SHA384withRSA,
SHA256withECDSA, SHA256withRSA, SHA256withDSA, SHA1withECDSA,
SHA1withRSA, SHA1withDSA Extension extended_master_secret
*** main, WRITE: TLSv1.2 Handshake, length = 193 main, READ: TLSv1 Handshake, length = 813 check handshake state: server_hello[2]
*** ServerHello, TLSv1 RandomCookie:  GMT: 1609870596 bytes = { 82, 117, 120, 216, 104, 30, 226, 142, 149, 245, 48, 199, 220, 35, 55, 234,
192, 65, 5, 236, 34, 46, 7, 104, 196, 192, 207, 66 } Session ID:
{211, 6, 0, 0, 74, 154, 90, 231, 222, 237, 76, 181, 155, 196, 93, 56,
200, 242, 251, 176, 8, 194, 23, 29, 168, 183, 148, 71, 154, 158, 61,
174} Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA Compression
Method: 0 Extension extended_master_secret Extension
renegotiation_info, renegotiated_connection:

> server.xml
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="-1" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->

    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8082
    -->
    <!--<Connector port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" /> -->
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->

    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />

    <!-- Define an SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 -->
<!-- Define an SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 -->

                   <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
               maxThreads="700" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" sslEnabledProtocols="TLSv1,+TLSv1.2"
keystoreFile="D:/Tomcat9/conf/key.jks" keystorePass="clientpass" keystoreType="JKS"
keyAlias="ibmwebspheremqshabeeb" ciphers="TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256"/>

<!--<Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
           port="8443" maxThreads="200" scheme="https"
           secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"
           keystoreFile="D:/Tomcat9/conf/client.jks"
           keystorePass="clientpass"
           clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"
           URIEncoding="UTF-8"
           compression="force"
           compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/plain,text/javascript,text/css"/>-->

<!--<Connector
           protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
           port="8443" maxThreads="200"
           scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"
           keystoreFile="D:/Tomcat9/conf/client.jks" keystorePass="clientpass"
           clientAuth="true" sslProtocol="TLS"/>-->

   <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
         SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
         library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
         AprLifecycleListener.
         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
         the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
    -->

  <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true"/>
        <SSLHostConfig
             certificateKeystoreFile="D:/Tomcat9/conf/client.jks"
                         type="RSA" /> -->

 <!--<Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.http.HttpConnector"
           port="8443" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
           enableLookups="true"
           acceptCount="10" debug="0" scheme="https" secure="true">
  <Factory className="org.apache.catalina.net.SSLServerSocketFactory"
           clientAuth="true" protocol="TLS"/>
</Connector>-->
 <!--<Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
           sslImplementationName="org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jsse.JSSEImplementation" SSLEnabled="true"
               maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocols="TLS" sslEnabledProtocols="TLSv1.2" keystoreFile="D:/Tomcat9/conf/client.jks" keystorePass="clientpass"
           port="8443"/>-->

 <!--<Factory className="org.apache.catalina.net.SSLServerSocketFactory"
           clientAuth="true" protocol="TLS"
       keystoreFile="C:/certificate/ibmclientm2.jks" keystorePass="clientpass"/>-->

    <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
         This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
         OpenSSL for TLS.
         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
         configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
        <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
        <SSLHostConfig>
            <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
                         certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
                         certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
                         type="RSA" />
        </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <!--
    <Connector protocol="AJP/1.3"
               address="::1"
               port="8009"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->

    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

A:
No available cipher suite for TLSv1 jmsReplyQListener-1

You've to enable the support for TLSv1, so first update the connector tag in server.xml
<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
      maxThreads="700" scheme="https" secure="true"
         <SSLHostConfig protocols="TLSv1,+TLSv1.2">
            <Certificate
                 certificateKeystoreFile="D:/Tomcat9/conf/key.jks"
                 certificateKeystorePassword="clientpass"
                 type="RSA" />
        </SSLHostConfig>
</Connector>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Friday Quick Graphs: Are the 2014-15 Buffalo Sabres the Worst Team of All-Time?
March 27, 2015 March 28, 2015 Benjamin Wendorf Friday Quick Graphs, NHL League-Wide Analysis Tags: 2pS%, Buffalo Sabres, Corsi, Fenwick, NHL History, Possession, Washington Capitals
This is part-opportunity to finally explore this question, and part-opportunity to tout some existing and upcoming data visualizations for HG. Travis Yost has been following the absolutely terrible Sabres season all year, and has raised some questions about whether it's an all-time worst team. He's only been able to reach back to the admittedly bad early 2000s Atlanta Thrashers, but the historically bad team by which all others need to be measured is the 1974-75 Washington Capitals squad. Using an historical metric like 2pS%, or a team's share of all on-ice shots-for in the first 2 periods (expressed as a percentage), we can bring the 2014-15 Sabres together with the 74-75 Caps to see where both teams stand. Note: I used the cumulative version of the measure below, and added lines for one standard deviation below league-average in both seasons.
For as bad as Buffalo has been, they haven't quite matched the futility of the 74-75 Capitals…nor should they. The Capitals were an expansion team that year, and unlike in other years the NHL did not really reach out to ensure the expansion teams in 1974-75 were given a good base to build from. These were also the peak years of the World Hockey Association, which made professional level talent even more diffuse than normal. The other expansion team in 74-75, the Kansas City Scouts, lasted two years before moving to Colorado to become the Rockies (the team subsequently moved to New Jersey in 1982-83 and changed their name to the Devils).
I included the standard deviations for the leagues in 1974-75 and 2013-14 (I haven't compiled the data for 2014-15 yet, but this should be close enough), and even by those markers the Capitals compared markedly worse to their league than did the Sabres. But once again, the Capitals had a reasonable excuse, while the Sabres have walked into this situation with eyes wide open.
For those interested, I also put together 2-period shots-for and shot-against rates (and stretched them out to per 60 minutes) to get a rough sense of offense-versus-defense for both teams.
I added a couple extra filters to the charts, league-averages and standard deviations as well as 20-game moving averages in all the measures I used, which you can select by clicking on the grey "Team" bars and clicking on "Filter."
← Spread of NHL Team Shooting Performances, Year-to-Year 1952-53 through 2013-14
Hockey Graphs Podcast Episode 11: Playoffs? →


10/26/2018 - Take the Federal Reserve Banks' annual Small Business Credit Survey to provide timely insights on small business conditions to policymakers, service providers, and lenders. Link to the survey in this article.
10/16/2018 - Tune in to the latest episode of the Access podcast to discover how local food systems can create economic opportunity and drive economic activity in rural communities. This article provides further details.
10/09/2018 - Join experts from the Federal Reserve, ncIMPACT, and Public Health Dayton and Montgomery County as they discuss the opioid epidemic and its impact on the economy. Register for the session in this piece.


text:
Tupac Shakur Reportedly Dated This Salt-N-Pepa Member
Home / Stars / Tupac Shakur Reportedly Dated This Salt-N-Pepa Member
by Faves Posted on May 16, 2021 at 10:56 am
Instagram / Tupac Shakur
Lesane Parish Crooks was a renowned American Hip-Hop rapper from the early 90s, and best known by his stage name, Tupac Amaru Shakur.
He was shot and killed during a drive-by homicide that occurred on the night of September 7, 1996. Over the years, Tupac has remained an inspiration to upcoming artistes in the Hip-Hop world, as they continue to celebrate him in life and death.
Also, since the rapper died, fans have often wondered about his romantic life, particularly after rumors of him dating rapper, Cheryl 'Salt' James from a band named "Salt-N-Pepa."
Keep reading below for more information.
What Are Fans Saying About This Rumored Love?
Before the rapper's demise and after, fans speculated that he was romantically involved with Salt, and there were a few reasons to back up these claims.
However, neither the rapper, nor the singer ever commented on the nature of their relationship even when fans probed on different social media platforms.
Although the rumors subsided for a while after the rapper's demise, his fans still strongly believed that he and Salt had something deep going on that they didn't want anyone to know about.
Guess they'll have to take Salt's word for it.
Salt's Point Of View
MAR/Capital Pictures / MEGA
Back in the day, everyone was aware that another band member known as Pepa was romantically involved with Treach, and they showed it off everywhere they went.
However, in Salt's case, she maintained that there was nothing romantic between her and Tupac, as they were just good friends who respected one another.
She also mentioned that one time while they were at a party, she was dressed in overalls, but other ladies at the party showed more skin. According to her, the rapper encouraged her not to change the way she was for anyone.
Tupac's Shoutout To Salt's Daughter
Every staunch fan of Tupac, knows that whenever he needed to let out his feelings, settle a score with, or appreciate someone, he did it through his lyrics. Occasionally, the later rapper would pass messages across to a person or someone, either a negative or positive one.
In 1993, he released a single titled "Keep Ya Head Up," and in the lyrics he mentioned Salt's daughter's name, Corin.
"Little somethin' for my godson Elijah and a little girl named Corin…," he sang.
No doubt, Tupac had love in his heart for Salt, even if it wasn't the kinds fans thought it would be.
A Lasting Bond
Instagram / Cheryl "Salt" James
In Salt's testimonies, it was apparent that she shared a special bond with the rapper, as they not only gave advice to one another, they also cared deeply for each other.
Salt revealed that after Tupac gave Corin a shoutout, he refused to tell her his reason, but she suspected that the rapper felt something after he had a lengthy conversation with her daughter.
The friends remained close till his incarceration in 1994, and the now late rapper once wrote her a poem, where he said, "… a thugg can change his heart."
Read the full poem here!
Filed Under: Stars Tagged With: News, Tupac Shakur
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text:
Q: Issue with Image which is send Via Mail in iOs default mail app & outlook I am trying to send Email from node.js API using "node-ses". I attached image url code inside mail body.
<img src="' + host + '/images/ic_comscope.png" height="40">

It works completely inside Gmail & browser, But having issue in iOs default mail app & outlook.
note: i don't want suggestion related to attachments
Give any other solution

A: You could try adding a width to the image instead (OR as well as) the height. E.g. remove height="40" and add style="height: 40px; width: ___px". Specifying it in pixels in a style is better for Outlook on Windows if users have different display scaling enabled.


When it comes to diet and exercise, most of us have come across macronutrients. Often referred to as "macros," your body uses these nutrients to power your day-to-day functions.
There are over 40 different nutrients your body uses to generate energy, to build bone structure, to create new cellular issues, and to perform other vital functions.
There are two types of nutrients you should be familiar with. Micronutrients are the vitamins and minerals your body needs in small amounts. Some of the more familiar micronutrients include vitamin C, zinc, and iron. On the other hand, your body needs larger quantities of macronutrients, which include protein, fats, and carbohydrates.
So how important are macronutrients anyway?
This macronutrient is found in every tissue in your body. It also makes up important hormones and enzymes that play critical roles in reactions that occur inside your body. Proteins also contain essential amino acids. Poor consumption of essential amino acids could cause your body to decrease protein construction, decrease neurotransmitter production, and increase blood pressure. You can get protein from both animal and plant sources.
Proteins are categorized as complete and noncomplete proteins, depending on their composition. Incomplete proteins do not have all nine essential amino acids and are found in plant sources. These include beans, nuts, and vegetables. Since these proteins sources don't have all the essential amino acids your body needs, you must supplement your diet with the other amino acids. You can do this by adding plant-based protein sources to your diet, such as soy beans, quinoa, and amaranth that have all 9 essential amino acids. Your body can create any of the other 11 amino acids if you are consuming a nutritious diet that contains a variety of fruits, vegetables, meat, grains, legumes, and healthy fats.
Carbs such as glucose, a sugar model, is considered the main source of fuel for the body. Carbohydrates can be "simple" or "complex." Simple carbs are made of two sugar molecules and are found in food like juice, fruit, sugar, and milk. Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, are composed of more than two sugar molecules. You can find carbs in foods such as bread, rice, and pasta.
Carbohydrates can also be refined or unrefined. In the refining process, valuable fiber content in foods like bread and fruit are stripped away. Foods such as white bread and most fruit juices are refined carbohydrates. Unrefined carbs include foods such as brown rice and whole grains.
So, if you are looking for the most nutritious carbohydrate sources, you should aim to consume unrefined and complex carbohydrates like brown rice and vegetables (yes vegetables have carbs)!
Fats have a reputation of being "unhealthy." The truth is, your brain is primarily composed of fat! That means that your brain needs fat in order to maintain health and function. Fat plays other critical roles in the formation of hormones, such as the production of testosterone and estrogen. The body requires fat to digest, carry, and absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K. Fat also keeps your hair and skin looking and feeling healthy! Like proteins and carbohydrates, fats are classified into four different categories.
Unsaturated fats are found in oils that remain as liquids at room temperature. They can also be broken down into monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
Monounsaturated fats can be found in avocados, almonds, and flax seed. They can be helpful in keeping your heart healthy.
Polyunsaturated fats can further be divided into the omega fatty acids 3, 6, and 9. For example, Omega 3 fatty acids, which are found in fatty fish, have anti-inflammatory capabilities.
Trans fats are not natural forms of fats. They are created by heating liquid oil under high pressure and adding a hydrogen molecule that turns it into a solid, saturated-type fat. Trans fats have been linked to heart damage and increases cholesterol levels. In fact, they were created to increase shelf life of foods but are very damaging to the body when consumed. It is recommended that consuming trans fats be avoided.
Whether you consume large amounts of each macronutrient or not, it's important to know that each one plays an important role in the function of the human body. Elimination of any macronutrient can have damaging effects on your health and performance. It has been recommended that the average adult should consume between 45 to 65 grams of carbohydrates, 10 to 30 grams of protein, and 25 to 35 grams of fat per meal daily for optimal health.
Stay tuned for our next article on macros where we show you how to stay on track with your weight loss and body composition goals through the holiday season.


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Women's lacrosse clinches spot in Ivy League Tournament
by Addison Dick | 4/22/19 2:20am
After wins against Cornell and Vermont this week, the women's lacrosse team is guaranteed a spot in the Ivy League Tournament.
by Divya Kopalle / The Dartmouth Senior Staff
The No. 13 women's lacrosse team earned a ticket to the Ivy League Tournament with a 15-8 victory over Cornell University on Saturday. The win marked the final home game of the season for the Big Green and followed a 22-6 rout of the University of Vermont on Tuesday.
After surrendering a goal to the Big Red in the first two minutes of play, Dartmouth found the back of the net four times before the 20:00 mark of the first half. The Big Green would not trail again for the remainder of the game.
According to Kiera Vrindten '20, the Big Green entered this week's games with loads of confidence following last Saturday's win over top-10 opponent University of Pennsylvania. The win jumped the Big Green in the national rankings and brought it into contention for a regular season Ivy League championship. Head coach Danielle Spencer admitted that the triumph in Philadelphia will lead to higher expectations and more pressure for the remainder of this season.
"We don't try to deny that," she said. "We just try to be brave through it and use the pressure to fuel us in a positive way."
Vrindten, the Big Green's starting goaltender, said it will be important for the team to maintain focus for the crucial games down the stretch.
"I don't think rankings or wins like that overwhelm us," Vrindten said. "We still stay true to our goals that we set in the beginning of the season."
Kathryn Giroux '19 said the victory over Penn provided validation for a team she knew was already highly talented.
"If anything, last week's win fueled our fire for the rest of the season and made us more confident in ourselves," Giroux said.
Following the win over the Quakers last Saturday, the Big Green returned to game action after two days of rest. Spencer said she emphasized mental over physical preparation for Tuesday's game against Vermont due to the quick turnaround from the Penn game.
Dartmouth showed no signs of fatigue against the Catamounts, scoring 16 goals in the first half to build a commanding 12-goal lead. The Big Green's top-10 scoring offense was on display, as the 22 goals the team finished with are the highest total in a game this season.
Also featured in the Big Green's win on Tuesday was the impressive play of Vrindten, who only allowed five goals in about 50 minutes of play. She was named the Intercollegiate Women's Lacrosse Coaches Association Defensive Player of the Week on Wednesday for her performance against Penn, in which she made 14 saves on 25 shots. Vrindten said it was an honor to be nationally recognized for her play.
"I try not to let accolades get the best of me," she said. "I had a great game against Penn. I was fortunate to see the ball, and the defense really allowed me to get low-angled shots."
Spencer called Vrindten the backbone of the Big Green defense and said she was proud of Vrindten's play against Penn.
"She's very consistent and level-headed in the cage," she said. "She is reliable, making the saves she's supposed to make, and that's very reassuring for our defenders."
Vrindten followed up Tuesday's performance with another great performance against Cornell. She made eight saves in the game and held the Big Red to just three second-half goals.
On offense, Kierra Sweeney '19 had herself a senior day to remember, recording six points. She provided the Big Green's first answer to Cornell's offense, scoring less than a minute after the Big Red's opening goal.
Giroux said the Big Green played with a lot of grit and passion against Cornell.
"It means the world for us that we're now going to the tournament, and especially, to have such a big win on senior day," she said.
Giroux also noted what it meant for her to play on her senior day with her fellow seniors.
"We started out with 10 of us and nine of us made it through, which is the first time in a long time that so many players have stuck with the program for all four years," she said. "To be able to be with the nine of us together on the field Saturday with a big win just meant everything. We're going to miss it so much, so the longer we can keep playing, the better."
Three Big Green players reached milestones with their performances on Saturday. Elizabeth Mastrio '19 scored the 100th goal of her career, Ellie Carson '20 recorded her 100th career point and Emma Lesko '21 won a career-high six draws.
Giroux, who will likely be succeeded on the draw by Lesko next season, described the sophomore as a gritty player.
"When she needs to box out for someone else to get the draw, she's amazing at that," Giroux said. "Anytime it turns into a 50-50 ball, she's on top of it. She played amazing, and I know she's going to do really great on the circle next year."
With its fifth conference win in six games, the Big Green clinched a berth in the Ivy League Tournament, the winner of which earns an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Even if the Big Green does not win the conference tournament, it is a contender for an at-large spot in the 26-team NCAA tournament. For Giroux, winning the Ivy League title would be a dream come true.
"We've been talking about winning an Ivy League championship since our freshman year," she said. "It's been so long since we've made it to the tournament. Last year was the first time in about eight years, so to be going back for our senior year is awesome."
Entering the final game on the Ivy League schedule, the Big Green has won nine of its last 10 games and is tied for first place in the Ivy League standings with Princeton University. Next Saturday, Princeton will travel to Cornell, and the Big Green will play on the road at Yale University. Dartmouth can secure at least a share of the Ivy League title with a win over the Bulldogs. If Dartmouth and Cornell both win, Dartmouth will win its first outright conference championship since 2005. Giroux said the team needs to stay focused on the task at hand.
"Making the game about ourselves and not thinking too much about the implications of the game will be key," she said. "We just need to go out and do what we've been doing all season."
The Big Green's game against Yale takes place at 1 p.m. next Saturday. Following next weekend's action, the matchups for the Ivy League tournament will be set, with the four-team competition taking place at Columbia University on May 3 and 5.
Tags: sports
From the Bleachers: Quadruple Blockbuster
Men's hockey loses in shootout against Clarkson, falls 3-1 to St. Lawrence
Men's basketball loses to Princeton 84-80 in another nail-biter


Undoubtedly you've heard about No Man's Sky. It's that space exploration game that's had a vast amount of buzz ever since it was announced back in 2013. It's a game with a beautiful art style that accentuates the universe's 18 quintillion procedurally generated, and fully explorable, planets. But why are there so many planets? You'll never see every planet even if you played everyday for the rest of your life. So what's the point? And what is No Man's Sky actually about? We'll get to that.
You begin on a random planet with a broken down ship and your only possession is a mining tool. The game proceeds to walk you through using the mining tool to acquire resources with which to repair your ship so you can begin your grand adventure. But before you leave your first planet you'll find a wide variety of usable minerals and other such resources that can be used to craft a variety of ship and mining tool upgrades. The starter ship and mining tool have very few available upgrade/storage slots so you'll want to explore in the hopes of finding better ones. Or better yet, mine enough valuable resources you can sell at trade terminals to make enough money to buy bigger better ships and mining tools. You'll also find blueprints for craftable upgrades to firing modes for both your ship and your mining tool in order make quick work of killing pirate ships or mining large amounts of gold. You can also find upgrades to your exosuit that grant you more storage space. Upgrading these things to make you more powerful and to allow you to carry more items quickly becomes the main focus of the game. And while that may be enough for some people, the lack of a story will turn many away from this game.
The objective of No Man's Sky is very general. If you follow along with the game's tips and objectives (that pop up in the lower right hand portion of the screen from time to time), you'll soon discover that you're supposed to navigate to the center of the universe. But getting there will take a long time, not just because of the sheer size of the universe, but because it'll take a lot of resources to be able to travel there.
Along the way you'll meet alien lifeforms whose languages you'll slowly learn by finding knowledge stones and alien relics scattered across the overwhelming number of explorable planets. Interacting with alien monoliths will also give you brief insights into the history of a particular alien species and their relationship to the game's other alien species. For instance, I began on a planet with relics belonging to the Korvax, a robotic alien species who were once enslaved by the Gek, a reptilian species known for their greed and dishonesty. The Korvax view the Sentinels, sentient drones that patrol every planet like an intergalactic police force, as gods, likely for their part in freeing the Korvax from slavery (I can only suspect, as I have yet to discover the full history). Meanwhile another alien species, the Vy'keen, a humanoid warrior race, have a deep-seated hatred of the sentinels, thinking their demise would greatly benefit the freedom of exploration in the galaxy.
Despite the lack of overall story and character development (you don't know who or what you are and the game never makes a point of telling you), there is an interesting history and lore to the universe if you're willing to seek it out.
While exploring planets you'll also find a variety of plants and wildlife that can be scanned and named. Naming the plants, animals, planets and systems is about the only "multiplayer" element to be found in No Man's Sky. The majority of the bad player reviews on Steam stem from the developer's failure to deliver a "true" multiplayer experience, even after claiming that there would be multiplayer "elements." The elements the devs at Hello Games were referring to (or more likely the only elements they were able to finish in time to ship with the final retail version of the game) is the shared universe in which players can find planets named by other players, even if they can't meet up with, or otherwise interact, with other players in the game. And because of this, No Man's Sky feels like a very solitary experience. You are always alone while exploring, and there are very few aliens to meet and interact with. There are no alien villages or cities, only wide open frontiers with the occasional outpost housing one alien lifeform at a time. And the interactions available are usually very shallow engagements. If you've put the time in hunting down knowledge stones or alien relics, you may understand enough of the alien languages in order to have a favorable conversation that ends with you getting something of value. Or you may just walk away with nothing but lessening favor with the alien species as a whole. Suffice it to say, you'll begin to wonder where the populated planets are and how life became so widespread across the universe that cities no longer exist. It's a minor complaint, but contributes to making the game feel small in scope despite its far reaching ambitions.
And that's perhaps the note most gamers are getting from their travels across the universe. The small indie dev team at Hello Games came up with a groundbreaking concept for a game, but didn't have the manpower or development time to create something that fully realizes their ambitions. It's a concept in search of a story. It's a game in need of more interesting gameplay.
My first 7-10 hours in No Man's Sky sold me on the concept simply for giving me the ability to explore a planet, then, with no loading screens whatsoever, jump into a starship and fly into space and land on an adjacent planet to continue my exploration. As a lover of science fiction and TV shows like Star Trek, I genuinely felt like an explorer traveling the universe, meeting alien races, learning about their culture, and discovering interesting looking animal creatures that I could name whatever I wanted. And the first handful of planets I landed on provided a sense of wonder as I found unique animal creatures, foliage and landscapes of varying shapes, sizes, and color schemes. This game was the open-world sandbox gamers and sci-fi fans have been dreaming of for years. But after visiting that first handful of planets the sense of wonder wears thin. The spell is broken once we realize each new procedurally generated planet offers a dice roll of assets we've seen before, including animal creatures that all tend to behave the exact same way. There are 18 quintillion planets, NOT 18 quintillion assets, which means after you've jumped to a handful of systems you've likely seen about all there is to see. Everything else will just be a random combination of very familiar things. And the repetitive nature of go here, mine this, craft that, sell everything else will become grating for anyone not accustomed to grindy gameplay.
Worse yet, there are bugs galore. The draw distance of the graphics can be extremely poor. If you mine a large rock of some sort, run 10 meters away, and look back in that direction, the rock will reappear as if you hadn't just mined it for every last piece of available resources. Walk back toward it and it'll soon disappear again. It's easy to get fooled into thinking there are resources nearby only to find that you've already been there and done that. And without a map or system of checking off places you've been before, it's all too easy to get turned around and wander back to landmarks you've already discovered rather than new ones you were hoping to name.
However the most notable bug is the tendency to crash. This game is by far the crashiest game I've ever played. Thankfully the game allows for frequent saves (jump in and out of your ship for a quick mobile save) making crashes less likely to force you to replay lengthy game sessions, but this game crashes way more than any game should. But the things that result in game crashes start to become apparent after it happens a few times. It then becomes fairly easy to avoid crashes by avoiding the things that cause the crashes. For instance, the game consistently crashes if I go into the options menu and try to back out again before it loads in its entirety. So I've learned to either rarely go into my options menu (until after a save) or simply wait for the menu to load before backing out again. It's not an excuse on the game's behalf. It still shouldn't happen. But you can generally learn to avoid a number of crashes after a while.
But maybe the worst thing about No Man's Sky is that there are no stakes whatsoever. Your journey to the center of the universe can wait as long as you're content to make it wait. Getting destroyed by pirate ships while in space combat carries no lasting penalty since you're allowed to fly back to your death marker and reacquire all the items you dropped. And doing things the Sentinels don't like, while exploring planets, results in an attack by the dumbest and laziest police force imaginable. If they begin shooting at you, sprinting a few meters away will make them quickly lose track of you, and they'll give up the fight just seconds later. However if you stand your ground and they somehow manage to kill you, you're able to return and reclaim your items the same way you would after a failed bit of space combat. And as for the various planets hazardous environments, they're all easily dealt with. Crafting the appropriate exosuit upgrade to defend against extreme heat, freezing temperatures, toxic rain, or radiation is trivially easy considering the necessary resources to do so are so readily available anywhere you go. Defending yourself against environmental hazards quickly becomes a minor annoyance rather than a compelling survival mini game. And vicious animals seem to be relatively few and far between, and they're about as easily dealt with as the Sentinels.
The bugs, lack of story, and repetitive gameplay cannot go without mention, but don't let them lead you to believe the game is without merit. The art style is beautiful, and it does genuinely make you feel like a space explorer on some sort of star trek. This is a game for those willing to make their own story. For people who enjoy a relaxing game of exploration and discovery. And for those willing to stick with it, you'll find a game of unending playability. Keep in mind, Hello Games has promised base building and other intriguing elements to be added in future updates (presumably along with a handful of bug fixes). But what I'm really looking forward to is No Man's Sky 2. The small dev team is, no doubt, still busy working on bug fixes and more content for the current game. And considering how long it took to make this first entry, a second is unimaginably far away at this point. But I can't help wondering what a second game would be like, especially one that learns from the missteps here and applies the knowledge to further expanding on this great concept.
Perhaps the biggest reason for disappointment here is in the misunderstanding of what No Man's Sky is. It's an indie game made by a small developer being sold as a big AAA release at full AAA retail prices. If you're on the fence or turned off by the negative buzz the game has received since launch, be patient. Let the game get updated and drop in price. There's still loads of fun to be had here. Despite the flaws, there is undeniable appeal to the niche audience it was intended for. Just keep in mind that it's a far more mellow experience than you might have been expecting.


There are plenty of modest but powerful changes you can make that will aid you to obtain lasting weight loss accomplishment. Pay a visit to your nearby swimming baths twice a week for a 30 minute swim and you will burn a further 420 calories per week. There is quite a few analysis to show that folks who have lost a substantial quantity of weight do consume breakfast day-to-day. If you eat much less than you burn you will shed weight and if you eat the exact same quantity as you burn you will preserve the same weight.
All of these unhealthy snacks are going to be empty calories which will result in your blood sugar levels to spike and result in you to obtain weight. A little exercising and a handful of modifications in your diet plan will carve the way to a slimmer, trimmer you. Procedure : 1st of all, sauté celery, onions, and chopped garlic in olive oil to make this healthy recipe for weight loss.
At very first, I enjoyed every thing about it, but following time, I saw weight achieve, headaches and started experiencing exhaustion. In my encounter, most of them either don't work or operate for a quick time and later outcome in added weight obtain. You can and must combine it with at least moderate physical activity to promote healthful loss of physique fat.
It advises to wait two-three hours and then consume breakfast and to also consume lots of water. All of these above foods can be incorporated into any of your everyday meals and they will give a lot of rewards to you. There are so numerous different snacks out on the industry nowadays that it's going to be crucial to uncover the ones that are the most wholesome for you and will not lead to you to obtain fat.


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