text:
Load Balancing & NLB - Overview
In computing, load balancing distributes workloads across multiple computing resources, such as computers, a computer cluster, network links, central processing units or disk drives. Load balancing aims to optimize resource use, maximize throughput, minimize response time, and avoid overload of any single resource. Using multiple components with load balancing instead of a single component may increase reliability and availability through redundancy. Load balancing usually involves dedicated software or hardware, such as a multilayer switch or a Domain Name System server process.
Citrix:
Load balancing is a core networking solution responsible for distributing incoming traffic among servers hosting the same application content. By balancing application requests across multiple servers, a load balancer prevents any application server from becoming a single point of failure, thus improving overall application availability and responsiveness. For example, when one application server becomes unavailable, the load balancer simply directs all new application requests to other available servers in the pool.
Load balancers also improve server utilization and maximize availability. Load balancing is the most straightforward method of scaling out an application server infrastructure. As application demand increases, new servers can be easily added to the resource pool, and the load balancer will immediately begin sending traffic to the new server.
Network Load Balancing
Network Load Balancing, a clustering technology included in the Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Datacenter Server operating systems, enhances the scalability and availability of mission-critical, TCP/IP-based services, such as Web, Terminal Services, virtual private networking, and streaming media servers. This component runs within cluster hosts as part of the Windows 2000 operating system and requires no dedicated hardware support. To scale performance, Network Load Balancing distributes IP traffic across multiple cluster hosts. It also ensures high availability by detecting host failures and automatically redistributing traffic to the surviving hosts. Network Load Balancing provides remote controllability and supports rolling upgrades from the Windows NT 4.0 operating system.
The unique and fully distributed architecture of Network Load Balancing enables it to deliver very high performance and failover protection, especially in comparison with dispatcher-based load balancers. This white paper describes the key features of this technology and explores its internal architecture and performance characteristics in detail.
Webopedia:
Network Load Balancing (NLB) is a clustering technology offered by Microsoft as part of all Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 family operating systems. NLB uses a distributed algorithm to load balance network traffic across a number of hosts, helping to enhance the scalability and availability of mission critical, IP-based services, such as Web, Virtual Private Networking, streaming media, terminal services, proxy and so on. It also provides high availability by detecting host failures and automatically redistributing traffic to operational hosts.
Posted by NBD at 9:10 AM
Labels: Business Analyst, English, Technology
Optical Character Recognition - Overview
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Found 3 collections related to Choreography -- Study and teaching -- United States -- 20th century
Redlich, Don
Don Redlich papers, 1893-2019 [bulk 1940s-2019]
Jerome Robbins Dance Division | (S) *MGZMD 498
9.42 linear feet (24 boxes, 1 volume, 1 tube)
Don Redlich (born in 1929) is a dancer, choreographer, and pedagogue. The Don Redlich papers, dating from 1893 to 2019 (the bulk dates from the 1940s onward), document Redlich's life and career through written descriptions and videos from more
Don Redlich (born in 1929) is a dancer, choreographer, and pedagogue. The Don Redlich papers, dating from 1893 to 2019 (the bulk dates from the 1940s onward), document Redlich's life and career through written descriptions and videos from The Legacy of Hanya Holm: Don Redlich Remembers project; manuscripts and interviews for an unpublished memoir; Don Redlich Dance Company files; Dance Notation Bureau files; Redlich's teaching files; files devoted to Redlich's teachers; letters; school files; photographs; scrapbooks; programs and reviews; posters; datebooks; address books; drawings; family history papers; and audio and moving image recordings, which hold many performances by the Don Redlich Dance Company. The papers also contain a small set of photographs and letters from the collection of the dance critic Arthur Todd. less
Dorfman, David
David Dorfman papers, 1980-2017
6.21 linear feet (17 boxes); 30.3 gigabytes (1873 computer files, 13 disk images)
David Dorfman (born 1955) is a dancer, choreographer, teacher, musician, and activist, and the artistic director of David Dorfman Dance, a modern dance company. The David Dorfman papers (1980-2017) document Dorfman's performance and teaching... more
David Dorfman (born 1955) is a dancer, choreographer, teacher, musician, and activist, and the artistic director of David Dorfman Dance, a modern dance company. The David Dorfman papers (1980-2017) document Dorfman's performance and teaching career, as well as the activities of David Dorfman Dance, through video and sound recordings; photographs; programs, clippings, and publicity files; and the files of Art Sweats, Inc. (Dorfman's non-profit management company). less
The Merce Cunningham Dance Foundation, Inc. records, 1938-2003
43 linear feet (84 boxes)
Merce Cunningham (1919-2009) was a choreographer. He started his career as a dancer with Martha Graham's company, and then left to start his own company. The company, which was created over 60 years ago, is now closed. The collection brings... more
Merce Cunningham (1919-2009) was a choreographer. He started his career as a dancer with Martha Graham's company, and then left to start his own company. The company, which was created over 60 years ago, is now closed. The collection brings together material about the workings of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. The papers contain financial materials, grant applications, correspondence, administrative material, programs, photographs and production notes. There is no personal material. less


text:
National Park Utah
Free Art Lessons in Arches National Park
Subscribe | What is RSS
News Release Date: October 31, 2013
Contact: Karen Henker
Let the scenic beauty of Arches National Park inspire you -- and your kids. On Saturday, November 9, 2013, take a free family art lesson with 2013 Community Artist-in-the-Parks, Sarah Hamingson. All materials provided -- just bring your inspiration.
Pastel lessons will be offered at the North end of the Park Avenue Trail at 10:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., & noon, or drop in anytime from 10:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m. (Park at Courthouse Towers Viewpoint and follow signs across the road.) That evening from 6:00-9:00 p.m. at the Moab Arts & Recreation Center, view "A Season in the Parks" displaying Sarah's work as Community Artist. (Exhibit will be on display through early December.) Park admission is free Saturday, November 9 through Monday, November 11.
The Community Artist-in-the-Parks program highlights the connection between a Southeast Utah artist and his/her inspiration.
Moab, UT 84532


text:
Founder and President of Coventry Creations
Jacki Smith is the founder and president of Coventry Creations; a locally based, internationally known maker of spiritual products, and co-owner of Candle Wick Shoppe in Ferndale, MI. In 1992 Jacki was the first on the national market with her Blessed Herbal Candles.
Businesswoman, Entrepreneur, Social Media Personality...
Businesswoman, entrepreneur, author, podcaster, social media personality, visionary, and witch.
Jacki Smith is the mulitalented founder of Coventry Creations, an internationally known, rapidly growing candle factory in Ferndale, MI as well as a co-owner of the magically quaint Candle Wick Shoppe less than a mile away.
Jacki Smith is the founder and president of Coventry Creations
Jacki has dedicated her entire life to the mission of normalizing the words "Witch" and "Magic" in everyday life.
Learn more about HER
Collection of Books
Coventry Magic with Candles Herbs and Oils
DIY Akashic Wisdom
Big Book of Candle Magic
"Want to keep up with Classes, new releases, and special events?
There's always something going on. Blink and you might miss it.
© 2022 Aunt Jacki. All Rights Reserved


I met Shawna through my MOMS Club group and was excited to photograph her and her hubby Bruce just a few weeks before she was due with their third child. They had decided to wait until the baby was born to find out if they would be welcoming a boy or a girl into their growing family.
Well, earlier today, Keira Nicole entered the world and I thought it would be fitting to share their maternity portraits in celebration of her arrival!
Congrats Shawna and Bruce, Big Brother Dominic and Big Sister Brooklyn!
Mamma looks absolutely radiant! Great job capturing it, Katie!


text:
Macynia labiata – gatunek straszyka z rodziny Bacillidae i podrodziny Macyniinae. Endemit Południowej Afryki.

Gatunek ten został po raz pierwszy opisany w 1784 roku przez Carla Petera Thunberga jako Phasma labiata. W 1875 roku Carl Stål przeniósł go do nowego rodzaju Macynia, a w 1904 William Forsell Kirby uczynił go  gatunkiem typowym tegoż rodzaju.

Straszyk o wydłużonym, nieco połyskującym ciele. Samce osiągają od 42 do 52 mm, a samice od 54 do 63 mm długości ciała. U samic ciało jest słabiej wydłużone niż u pokrewnego M. mcgregororum. U samców ubarwienie głowy jest żółte z zielonymi przepaskami biegnącymi od brzegów oczu po jej tył, czułków zielone, przedplecza żółte, a reszty ciała brązowawozielone. Ubarwienie głowy, przedplecza i czułków samic jest takie samo. W przeciwieństwie do M. mcgregororum ciało samic jest gładkie, pozbawione guzków. Płytka subgenitalna samca sięga okolic końca dziewiątego segmentu odwłoka. U samicy operculum sięga poza koniec dziesiątego segmentu odwłoka. Przysadki odwłokowe samca są zakrzywione.

Jaja są owalne, długości 2 mm, szerokości 1,3 mm i wysokości 1,7 mm. Barwę mają ciemnobrązową z wyraźnie jaśniejszym, szerokim pasem otaczającym płytkę mikropylową. Capitulum jaja ma jasne ubarwienie i kilka formujących czapeczkę pasemek.

Owad afrotropikalny, endemiczny dla Południowej Afryki. Znany tylko z Prowincji Przylądkowej Zachodniej. Występuje od okolic Kapsztadu po Koeberg na północy i Plettenburg Bay na wschodzie.

Przypisy

Bacillidae
Patyczaki
Straszyki Afryki
Gatunki i podgatunki zwierząt nazwane w 1784 roku

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It appears that we have a one-year-old sharpshooter on our hands.
He loves to use the spray attachment on the hose. It's pretty hard for him to use his little thumbs to push the lever to spray the hose, but he can do it. He stands in position, ready and waiting for someone to come in range.
As soon as someone is close enough, they get a spray and Isaac screams with delight.
Here, Noah is getting sprayed with the mist setting. A few days later, Isaac discovered the jet setting. It sprays a hard jet of water. Now, once he gets his hands on the hose, he twists the sprayer to every setting and sprays the hose to figure out what setting it's on. Once he has found the jet setting, he's ready for action.
Noah thought it was fun to get sprayed with the mist on this day. Now that Isaac has discovered the jet setting, it's not as fun for big brother to get sprayed. Now, once our sharpshooter is in position with the hose, we hide and take turns running past him. Isaac is fast with the jet stream, so he can usually "shoot" us as we run by on the way to the next hiding spot.
The best part is Isaac's screams of delight as he "shoots" us.


Greenwich is a city with population of 5,053 people. It is located in Australia. Official currency is Dollar (currency code: AUD). Latitude and longitude of Greenwich are -33.8395 and 151.183. It is using Australia/Sydney time zone. Local time in Greenwich is the same as in all other places in this timezone. International calling code for Greenwich is +61.


text:
Fruit of Life is the second installment of Stephen Ragga Marley's two part series, following Revelation Part I: The Root of Life (2011). Whereas The Root of Life is more a traditional roots reggae album, The Fruit of Life will utilize a diversified sonic palette to express the far-reaching impact Jamaican music has had on various genres, especially hip hop. Produced by Marley, Fruit of Life boasts 18 new tracks and features a variety of guest collaborations with Rick Ross, Pit Bull, Damian 'Jr. Gong' Marley, Iggy Azalea, Waka Flocka Flame, Dead Prez, Rakim, DJ Khaled, Busta Rhymes, Wyclef Jean, Shaggy, Black Thought (of The Roots), Bounty Killer, Sizzla, Capleton, Ky-Mani Marley, Jo Mersa and more.
Label: GHETTO YOUTHS INT'L
Revelation Part II: The Fruit Of Life
Artist: Stephen Marley
New: Available to Order 13.98
2. Babylon featuring Junior Reid and Dead Prez
3. Revelation Party featuring Joseph Marley
4. So Unjust featuring Rakim and Kardinal Offishall
5. Walking Away
6. The Lion Soars featuring Rick Ross and Ky-Mani Marley
7. Scars On My Feet featuring Waka Flocka Flame
8. Pleasure Or Pain featuring Busta Rhymes and Konshens
9. Perfect Picture featuring Damian Jr Gong Marley
10. Father Of The Man featuring Nina Simone and Wyclef Jean
11. Music Is Alive featuring Pain Killer and Damian Jr. Gong Marley
12. So Strong featuring Shaggy
13. Thorn Or A Rose featuring Black Thought
14. Paradise featuring Twista and Jasmin Karma
15. Tonight (It s A Party) featuring DJ Khaled, Waka Flocka Flame & Iggy Azalea
16. Ghetto Boy featuring Bounty Killer and Cobra
17. Rock Stone featuring Capleton and Sizzla
18. When She Dances featuring Pitbull
19. It's Alright
21. Outro
22. The Lion Roars (Mayfield Version)
23. When She Dances (DJ Chino Remix)
24. When She Dances (DJ Noodles Remix)
Stephen 'Ragga' Marley is the second eldest son of reggae legend Bob Marley and Rita Marley. He was raised in Kingston, Jamaica and started singing professionally at seven-years old with his elder siblings Ziggy, Sharon and Cedella as The Melody Makers. The singer, songwriter, musician and producer has consecutively landed #1 on the U.S. Billboard Reggae Album Chart for all of his solo albums and has earned a total of eight Grammys for Best Reggae Album. He won this accolade as a solo artist for Mind Control, Mind Control Acoustic and Revelation Part I: The Root of Life, as producer for Damian 'Jr. Gong' Marley's Half Way Tree and Welcome To Jamrock, and as a member of Ziggy Marley & The Melody Makers for Conscious Party, One Bright Day and Fallen Is Babylon. The multi-talented artist has been steadily releasing music since his last album Revelation Part I: The Root of Life (2011) and is gearing up for the release of Revelation Part II: The Fruit of Life. Stephen Marley continues to share his incredible musical legacy with adoring fans across the globe.


text:
mTruncate
=========

The official mTruncate repository

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Where No Musical Has Gone Before…
Posted January 10th, 2018 by Nick Cavicchio
With its emphasis on serialized storytelling, character driven narrative, and exploration of darker themes than are typically associated with the franchise, 'Star Trek: Discovery' has been doing its part to push 'Trek' in new directions and cover new ground. So far, it's fair to say that it's been a mixed success in those regards. Though it's not the first 'Star Trek' to feature a serialized, character-focused wartime narrative (that distinction goes to 'Deep Space Nine'), 'Discovery' has nonetheless done so in its own way, and pushed the boundaries of traditional 'Star Trek' storytelling while doing so.
But there's one boundary the show hasn't yet pushed: music. Of course the series has a score, I haven't lost my mind. No, I'm talking about show tunes! You see, there's a bit of musicality in the DNA of 'Discovery', as stars Anthony Rapp and Wilson Cruz both have backgrounds in musical theater (in fact, the two first when co-starring in the Broadway run of 'Rent'), a fact which has passed unnoticed. Speaking to Syfy Wire, Cruz shared his own thoughts on how their backgrounds might let 'Discovery' do something truly different:
"I don't know. I do know that I think it was brought up. We were chatting about it one day in jest but it's not completely out of the question for Anthony and I. There have been musical performances in 'Star Trek' in the past, and I think if it's appropriate and part of the story is served by it I think we would be down for that."
Yep, a musical episode! Talk about going where no one has gone before! As Cruz notes, there is a history of musical performance in 'Star Trek'. Even as far back as the original series, Gene Roddenberry often found excuses for Nichelle Nichols to demonstrate her singing talent, to say nothing of the numerous musical digressions in 'The Way to Eden'.
Realistically speaking, do I expect it to happen? Of course not. 'Star Trek' can get plenty weird when it wants to, but this isn't 'Buffy'. The show's premise doesn't include a convenient reason for a ship full of Starfleet officers to suddenly start bursting into song and dance numbers with the potential to become breakaway pop hits.
But suppose things do take a turn for the lyrical. The show certainly has the talent to make a go of it. Though not for the first time, I find myself lamenting the show's poor treatment of the Klingons. After all, their fondness for song and story is well established. Or at least it was.
The debut season of 'Star Trek: Discovery' returned from its recently returned from its midseason hiatus. The show stars Sonequa Martin-Green, Jason Isaacs, Doug Jones, Anthony Rapp, Wilson Cruz, Shazad Latif, and Mary Wiseman. New episodes air exclusively on CBS All Access on Sunday nights.
Star Trek Discovery
Wilson Cruz
Nick Cavicchio
Why Rian Johnson Didn't Reveal More Of Snoke's History In 'The Last Jedi'
Women Claim Sexual Harassment Against Stan Lee; Lee Claims The Women Are Blackmailing Him
The Latest 'Ash Vs Evil Dead' Sneak Peak Will Come During An 'Evil Dead' Movie Marathon!
Apple's New Original Content Will Be Free To Users Of Their Devices
Sorry Folks, We Won't Have 'Judge Dredd: Mega-City One' On TV For At Least 2 Years
"The World Is Over" For Matthew Broderick In The First Trailer For 'Daybreak'


text:
Dubai's Rental Disputes Centre settles 100,000 lawsuits in nine years
Disputes amount to 1.9% of 5.2 million lease contracts with total value of Dh654 billion
Published: December 18, 2022 13:59 Gulf News Report
Judge Abdulqader Mousa, director of RDC, says the Rental Disputes Centre in Dubai has taken it upon itself to strengthen and develop the judicial system in the real estate sector.
Dubai: Dubai's Rental Disputes Centre (RDC), the judicial arm of Dubai Land Department (DLD) has settled 100,000 lawsuits over nine years, it was revealed on Sunday.
The number of lawsuits registered in the centre to date has reached 103,975 rental lawsuits, divided between 92,732 primary and 11,243 appeal lawsuits, of which 100,000 lawsuits have been settled, comprising 96 per cent of the cases registered at the centre.
These lawsuits represent only 1.9 per cent of the total number of lease contracts that were registered with DLD in the same period, amounting to more than 5.2 million lease contracts with a total value of Dh654 billion. This contributes to enhancing the community's confidence in the laws and legislative system in the emirate, DLD said while announcing the nine years of operations of the RDC.
The centre was launched according to a systematic developmental journey to achieve social and economic stability for all those involved in the real estate rental sector and other relevant sectors, establishing a specialised judicial system according to a streamlined mechanism.
RDC succeeded in resolving cases by concluding reconciliation agreements amounting to 10,179 cases that were resolved amicably, with a value of Dh82.8 million, and an average period of five days for disputed cases to be conciliated.
Judicial system in the real estate
Judge Abdulqader Mousa, director of RDC, said: "The Rental D isputes Centre in Dubai has taken it upon itself to strengthen and develop the judicial system in the real estate sector, based on the wise vision of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, who has always emphasised that justice is the basis of governance and the happiness of members of society.
"We worked diligently and tirelessly with our qualified national cadres and harnessed our material resources, particularly technical ones, to keep pace with global developments and chart a strategic path that would define the future of litigation, consistent with the visions and directions of the emirate to consolidate its position on the regional and global arena as the premier real estate destination for investors.
Mousa added: "We are proud to have developed the world's first smart judicial rental system and made it available to litigants, whether inside or outside the country, based on a sustainable methodology, a pioneering real estate and rental model, an environment that incubates innovation and effective governance, and as part of Dubai Land Department's strategic vision.
Unparalleled success
The RDC has achieved remarkable success in terms of addressing and settling rental disputes.
Mousa said: "The speed and accuracy of litigation can be inferred through the index of the average duration of first-instance lawsuits, which is 10 days, and the average duration of appeal lawsuits, which is 14 days. Concerning the execution of judgements, the average duration of execution of rental judgements and decisions in 2013 reached 10 days, and after the implementation services were transformed into smart services following the provision of a coherent and integrated system, and thanks to the efforts of the implementation team who constantly seek to develop its tools and create new systems to improve work mechanisms in the implementation sector, the average duration of execution of rental Judgments and decisions for 2022 is four days, while the rate of execution of rental Judgments and decisions reached 97 per cent. This reflects positively on the convenience and satisfaction of the customer and shortens the period of completion and closing of execution lawsuits."
RDC's most prominent initiatives
Mousa confirmed that RDC's achievements, initiatives, results and figures are a testament to the centre's quality and professionalism, which contributed to the enabling of a streamlined system for resolving rental disputes with high accuracy and facilitation.
He added: "We affirm that our journey continues with development and excellence in line with the approach of our wise leadership to become an active player in achieving and translating the 'Principles of the 50' aimed at creating the best economy in the world in the coming years."
RDC has been launching initiatives that aim to achieve its vision of being the first international reference in resolving real estate disputes.
Initiatives include
The Rental Disputes System (2015): The world's first smart judicial rental system specialised in managing rental cases, including their registration, resolution, issuance of judgements, and implementation. This system accelerated the accuracy of litigation and is available to litigants, whether inside or outside the country.
The Smart Judge application (2016): the world's first smart application for judicial advice. It provides more than 100 interactive scenarios for rental lawsuits in which a guiding judgement is issued for customers.
The 'Yad Al Khair [Hand of Giving] Committee (2017): It is considered the first committee to provide support and assistance to eligible groups in the UAE community affected by rental lawsuits while also alleviating the anguish of families struggling to pay rents, leading to court rulings issued by the RDC.
Remote litigation system
The remote litigation system (2018): this is the first judicial court that was successful in facilitating the litigation process without the need for personal attendance. It relies on the latest technologies to save time and effort for all parties.
The Rental Good Conduct Certificate (2018): This is a service that enables parties involved in a rental contract to inquire about the rental record of either party in the RDC system. It also allows for a certificate of the previous rental case sheet to be issued.
The first 'Court Probe,' CP1, of its kind in the world: It was announced in 2018 and preparations are underway to launch the judicial probe soon. It constitutes a quantum leap in the remote litigation system, in which artificial intelligence will issue judicial rulings, enabling litigants to issue self-judgements without human involvement.
It is noteworthy that the Rental Disputes Centre in Dubai was established on September 18, 2013 in accordance with Decree No. 26 of 2013 issued by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Until 2022, RDC witnessed a development in the litigation journey, starting from the implementation of the traditional mechanism, passing through the implementation of smart litigation without paper in 2015, and then the implementation of the remote litigation system in 2018, leading to the 'Court Probe' — CP1.
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UK PM Sunak fires party chairman Nadhim Zahawi
Rakhi Sawant shattered after her mum's death
Emirates flight returns to Dubai after 13.5-hour trip
Gulf News editors comment on the top stories of Jan 29


The Bridge IT has an opportunity for a lover of DevOps Engineering with a leading employer and reputable brand in York - not far from the train station.
Salary ranging from £50,000-£70,000 depending on your experience with Azure, Terraform, Puppet, PowerShell and Ruby.
Recent Cloud experience (AWS, Azure, VMware) - ideally Azure.
Financial package offered includes a salary of between £50,000 - £70,000 with an excellent bonus and pension package. You will also be offered the opportunity to develop and grow your career through funded professional training.


text:
Q: How can I make UIAlertController appear over the top of anything and everything? I am developing an app using Visual Studio 2022 that uses ZXing.Net.Mobile,Forms to scan barcodes, everything is working as expected except I am unable to display the UIAlertController message over the top of everything.  My code is:
        btnScan.TouchUpInside += (object sender, EventArgs e) =>
        {
            // First we must get permission to use the camera
            AVAuthorizationStatus authStatus = AVCaptureDevice.GetAuthorizationStatus(AVAuthorizationMediaType.Video);

            if (authStatus == AVAuthorizationStatus.Authorized)
            {
                scan();
            }
            else if (authStatus == AVAuthorizationStatus.NotDetermined)
            {
                Utils.ShowMessage(this,"Camera access not determined. Ask for permission.", "Error");

                AVCaptureDevice.RequestAccessForMediaType(AVAuthorizationMediaType.Video, (granted) =>
                {
                    if (granted)
                    {
                        scan();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        camDenied();
                    }
                });
            }
            else if (authStatus == AVAuthorizationStatus.Restricted)
            {
                Utils.ShowMessage(this, "This device doesn't have the camera feature", "Error");
            }
            else
            {
                // Denied
                camDenied();
            }
        };
    }

    void HandleScanResult(ZXing.Result result)
    {
        var msg = "";

        if (result != null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(result.Text))
            msg = "Found Barcode: " + result.Text;
        else
            msg = "Scanning Canceled!";

        // I need this alert to appear over the top of everything
        InvokeOnMainThread(() =>
        {
            Utils.ShowMessage(this, msg, "Scan Success");
        });
    }
    void camDenied()
    {
        UIAlertController alert = UIAlertController.Create("Warning", "It looks like your privacy settings are preventing us from accessing your camera. You can fix this by doing the following...", UIAlertControllerStyle.Alert);

        UIAlertAction goAction = UIAlertAction.Create("Go", UIAlertActionStyle.Default, (action) =>
        {
            // Open Settings
            UIApplication.SharedApplication.OpenUrl(new NSUrl(UIApplication.OpenSettingsUrlString));
        });
        alert.AddAction(goAction);

        PresentViewController(alert, true, null);
    }

    void scan ()
    {
        InvokeOnMainThread(() => {
            scanner = new MobileBarcodeScanner(this.NavigationController);
            scanner.UseCustomOverlay = false;
            var opt = new MobileBarcodeScanningOptions() { DelayBetweenContinuousScans = 3000 };
            scanner.TopText = "Hold camera up to barcode to scan";
            scanner.BottomText = "Barcode will automatically scan";

            //Start scanning
            scanner.ScanContinuously(opt, false, HandleScanResult);
        });
    }

The UIAlertController code executes without an error but no alert appears.  Is there a way to force the alert to appear over the top of everything?

A: I was able to figure it out.  I changed my Utils.ShowMessage function as follows:
    public static void ShowMessage(UIViewController myview, string message, string messagetype)
    {
        var window = UIApplication.SharedApplication.KeyWindow;
        var vc = window.RootViewController;
        while (vc.PresentedViewController != null)
        {
            vc = vc.PresentedViewController;
        }

        var okAlertController = UIAlertController.Create(message, messagetype, UIAlertControllerStyle.Alert);
        okAlertController.AddAction(UIAlertAction.Create("OK", UIAlertActionStyle.Default, null));
        vc.PresentViewController(okAlertController, true, null);
    }

One needs to get the root view controller and display the alert from that.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We find this sludge in every tank!
Problems with your rain water tank? How about an urgent electric fence energiser repair? Or maybe just over the phone advice for faulty Cattle Scales? Call That Bloke In Yack today!
That Bloke In Yackandandah can solve your problems with expert services all over your farm. We specialise in water tank cleaning as well as electric fence and cattle weighing repairs, with the very best brands and skills at our disposal. Located at 8 Station Lane in Yackandandah, the services of That Bloke In Yack are available for anyone in need.
Have you had your water tank for more than three years? Chances are that the bottom of your tank will be full of accumulated sludge which can be damaging to your health. But don't worry as That Bloke In Yack owns and operates Australian Watertank Cleaners. They can remove this sludge from your tank in no time at all with the best modern equipment and prompt service.
With Australian Watertank Cleaners there is no need to empty your tank like other companies, we clean your tank at minimal inconvenience to you while it is still FULL of water. There is no harm done to the water already there, and you'll lose only a foot from a 20,000 gallon tank! That Bloke In Yack guarantees that the services of Australian Watertank Cleaners will have your family drinking only the best available water from your tank.
Our water tank cleaning services come with a FREE over the phone quote. Farmers, pensioners or customers with a neighbour that also needs a tank cleaned, will all receive a good discount.
We clean tanks from Yackandandah into the surrounding 120 kilometre area.
For the best prices available and peace of mind for the quality of your tank water, call That Bloke in Yack on 02 6027 1339 and ask for Paul at Australian Watertank Cleaners today!
If your Cattle Scales of Electric Fence Energiser is broken and you need it fixed ASAP, Electric Fence World can help. Deliver the patient to That Bloke in Yack by mail, or personally drop it off with your contact details and a short diagnosis attached. Don't hesitate, our address is 8 Station lane, Yackandandah, Vic 3749.
Electric Fence World can start work as soon as possible and have your Energiser or Scales repaired with manufacturer approved parts in no time at all … Long before the bulls have escaped!
All our services are fairly prices and efficient, so if your fence is down, call That Bloke In Yackandandah today for the expert care of Electric Fence World.
We are also please to offer Electrical Test and Tag Services. Please don't hesitate to get in touch and we'd be pleased to assist you with your Test and Tag needs.
That Bloke in Yack is proud to operate Electric Fence World, which offers fast and efficient repairs for electric fence energisers from Yackandandah to interstate. Just mail it in via Australia Post to our door.
We offer you free quotes on all repairs and emergency services for your Electric Fence Energisers and Cattle Scales. Over 22 years of satisfied customers.
Not the healthiest to drink.
Every 3 - 4 years this Sludge builds up.


Senator Barbara Boxer (D-CA), chairwoman of the Committee, has since criticized the White House for editing out at least seven pages of the testimony submitted by Dr. Gerberding and requested the release of documents detailing how and why the testimony was edited. "I am deeply concerned that important scientific and health information was removed from the CDC Director's testimony at the last minute," Sen. Boxer said in a letter to the White House. Dana Perino, a spokeswoman for the White House, said that no censoring of the testimony took place. "It was not watered-down in terms of its science. It wasn't watered-down in terms of the concerns that climate change raises for public health," she said.


Calling all my vegheads and wellness warriors! I have teamed up with Whole Foods Market for a very exciting giveaway. In celebration of the new Whole Foods Market Upper East Side, that opens February 18th, we will be giving away a $100 gift card! To enter you must follow @thecrunchyradish and @wholefoodsnyc on instagram, take a photograph of your meal that demonstrates how you are healthfully fueling yourself this winter and post it on instagram. Tag @thecrunchyradish and @wholefoodsnyc with the hashtags #crunchyradish and #movinonup. The winner will be selected Monday the 16th at 8pm EST. (you do not have to live in NYC to win) Good luck vegheads!


text:
package org.wso2.developerstudio.codenvy.core.client;

import com.google.gwt.resources.client.ClientBundle;
import com.google.gwt.resources.client.ImageResource;

/**
 * Resources of core extension
 */
public interface CoreExtensionResources extends ClientBundle {

    @Source("studio-banner.png")
    ImageResource getStudioBanner();
}


text:
The Complicated Logistics Of Making And Distributing A COVID Vaccine
By Ann Thompson • Sep 14, 2020
Any new COVID-19 vaccine will likely be produced in multiple plants around the world. This picture was taken at the Serum Institute of India, which produces vaccines.
Courtesy Serum Institute of India
The Serum Institute of India, the world's largest manufacturer of vaccines, is already preparing to produce a COVID-19 vaccine once it's developed. But other plants around the world will also be needed for the billions of doses required.
As the coronavirus continues to spread - and in some cases reinfect people - the U.S., Russia, India and Europe and are under enormous pressure to vaccinate people once a drug becomes available.
The logistics and procurement are quite complicated, according to health experts on a virtual meeting sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations.
One Difficulty: It May Need To Be Stored At -80 Degrees
Special Envoy on Global Collaboration to Fight COVID-19 and former Nigerian Minister of Finance Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala says the countries have to be prepared to take delivery of the vaccine. "Are they ready to receive the vaccines? What conditions? Is there a cold chain required? What type of cold chain? At what temperature do you need to store this vaccine? I'm hearing -80, some temperatures that we've not dealt with."
She stresses the vaccine must be treated for the global public good so it can reach everyone. Tom Bollyky agrees. He's the director of the Global Health Program for the Council on Foreign Relations. "Which makes them both excludable and rivalrous, meaning one country's use of them will keep them from other people," he says.
8,000 Airplanes Needed
Getting the vaccines to the world's population is no small mission. The International Air Transport Association reports 8,000 Boeing 747 cargo jets are needed to provide a single dose of the vaccine to 7.8 billion people. CNN reports IATA is urging governments to take the lead in procurement.
So far, the U.S. hasn't allocated any money for distribution and administering the vaccines, even though it committed $10 billion to develop a COVID vaccine. USA Today reports McKesson, which distributed H1N1 vaccines during that pandemic, will distribute coronavirus vaccines to doctors' offices and clinics.
Who's Taking The Lead?
The Washington Post reports the CDC has asked four states and one city to draft distribution plans. They include California, Florida, Minnesota, North Dakota and Philadelphia. The hope is these plans will be shared with other states to help with planning. There are some key points Michael Osterholm with the University of Minnesota wanted to get across in the virtual meet-up.
"We want to make sure we don't set ourselves up once the vaccine is here to say we're done. We may be dealing with this virus in unusual ways for many years yet to come," he says. And he worries about what people will think about vaccines in general if this one doesn't work.
"This is not just about now but about the integrity of our entire vaccine portfolio for now and forever."


Topical: Apply 3 drops of Celery Seed oil and 6 drops of Black Cumin Seed oil to arthritic areas of concern to combat the pain and inflammation associated with arthritis.
Aromatic: Diffuse 3-5 drops of Celery Seed oil while preparing a healthy dinner to combat nervousness and anxiety.
Internal: Celery Seed Oil can be used for gout, constipation fibromyalgia pain, gas and bloating, as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis or as a way to increase urination to combat fluid retention internally by putting 3 drops into an empty capsule with at least 6 drops of Black Cumin Seed. Alternatively, 3 drops of Celery Seed oil can be put into at least 8 oz of water/juice/tea. Always use a glass container. Alternatively, it can be used in recipes, or by putting 3 drops of Celery Seed oil in 1 tablespoon of raw, local honey.
Precautions: Celery seed should not be used in large doses. Those who have allergies to birch pollen should avoid Celery Seed oil. Should hives, itching, or difficulty breathing occur after using this oil, discontinue it's use indefinitely.


The Gorgeous Green House is really excited to be part of this incredible series that showcases multiple ways for living and benefiting from a greener life. We will only be featured next year as the editing process takes time, but the programme has started on DSTV Channel 190 so all African followers can begin enjoying the the show now.
The Earthbeat Website has loads of great info as well as the show schedule.


text:
The Union have the inside track to a home playoff game, but they might not keep it
by Jonathan Tannenwald, Posted: October 8, 2018
The Union jumped into fourth place in MLS' Eastern Conference with Saturday's 5-1 win over Minnesota United.
Elizabeth Robertson / Staff Photographer
Here's a look around Major League Soccer's playoff race after the weekend's games.
The Union clinched their first playoff berth since 2016 with a 5-1 win over Minnesota United on Saturday at Talen Energy Stadium. They also jumped over the Columbus Crew into fourth place. If the season ended today, the Union would host a playoff game for the first time since 2011.
Carli Lloyd hat trick helps USWNT rout Panama 5-0 in World Cup qualifying
Union's Fafa Picault joins U.S. national team roster for games vs. Colombia, Peru
Union clinch first playoff berth since 2016 with 5-1 win over Minnesota United
But the season doesn't end until Oct. 28. And unfortunately for the Union, they have a much harder remaining schedule than Columbus does.
After both teams take this coming weekend off for FIFA's international window, the Union will host the second-place New York Red Bulls on Oct. 21, then visit third-place New York City FC on Oct. 28. Columbus will visit last-place Orlando City on Oct. 21, then host Minnesota on Oct. 28. That could be the Crew's last regular-season game in Columbus if owner Anthony Precourt fulfills his threats to move to Austin, Texas after this season (with MLS headquarters' help, it must be said). Depending on how the playoffs shake out, it could be the last Crew game in Columbus of any kind.
The Crew's future is for another column, though. Let's focus on the present. And for now, let's focus not on the Crew, but on NYCFC. The Pigeons are plummeting, with just two wins in their last 11 games dating to June 29. They were off this past weekend, a much-needed breath of fresh air amid the tumult. But they have a rough end to the season, too, visiting D.C. United on Oct. 21 before hosting the Union.
D.C. continued its surge toward sixth place Sunday, coming from behind to beat the Chicago Fire, 2-1, in Washington. Sixth-place Montreal held serve, though, dismissing Columbus, 3-0, at Stade Saputo on Saturday afternoon. The Union made their move a few hours later.
Home teams listed first.
Montreal Impact 3, Columbus Crew 0
Atlanta United 2, New England Revolution 1
Toronto FC 1, Vancouver Whitecaps 2 (Toronto was eliminated from playoff contention)
Philadelphia Union 5, Minnesota United 1 (Philadelphia clinched a playoff spot; Minnesota was eliminated from playoff contention)
FC Dallas 2, Orlando City (Orlando was eliminated from playoff contention)
Sporting Kansas City 1, Los Angeles Galaxy 1
Colorado Rapids 0, Los Angeles FC 3 (LAFC clinched a playoff spot)
Real Salt Lake 1, Portland Timbers 4
San Jose Earthquakes 1, New York Red Bulls 3
D.C. United 2, Chicago Fire 1
Eastern Conference standings
Teams are listed with their total points, then the first three tiebreakers in order: wins, goal difference and goals scored. Click here for the full order of tiebreakers.
Clinched a first-round bye
1. Atlanta United: 66 points, 20 wins, +28 GD, 67 GS (32 games played)
2. New York Red Bulls: 65 points, 20 wins, +27 GD, 60 GS (32 games played)
Clinched a playoff berth
3. New York City FC: 53 points, 15 wins, +14 GD, 55 GS (32 games played)
4. Philadelphia Union: 50 points, 15 wins, +2 GD, 48 GS (32 games played)
5. Columbus Crew: 48 points, 13 wins, -2 GD, 39 GS (32 games played)
6. Montreal Impact: 43 points, 13 wins, -7 GD, 45 GS (32 games played)
7. D.C. United: 41 points, 11 wins, +6 GD, 55 GS (30 games played)
8. New England Revolution: 35 points, 8 wins, -6 GD, 45 GS (31 games played)
9. Toronto FC: 33 points
10. Chicago Fire: 31 points
11. Orlando City: 25 points
Western Conference standings
1. FC Dallas: 57 points, 16 wins, +13 GD, 51 GS (31 games played)
2. Sporting Kansas City: 53 points, 15 wins, +18 GD, 56 GS (31 games played)
3. Los Angeles FC: 53 points, 15 wins, +15 GD, 61 GS (31 games played)
4. Portland Timbers: 51 points, 14 wins, +4 GD, 50 GS (32 games played)
5. Seattle Sounders: 47 points, 14 wins, +9 GD, 41 GS (30 games played)
6. Real Salt Lake: 46 points, 13 wins, -3 GD, 51 GS (32 games played)
7. Los Angeles Galaxy: 45 points, 12 wins, +1 GD, 61 GS (32 games played)
8. Vancouver Whitecaps: 43 points, 12 wins, -11 GD, 49 GS (31 games played)
10. Houston Dynamo: 35 points, 9 wins, +5 GD, 50 GS (30 games played)
9. Minnesota United: 36 points (31 games played)
11. Colorado Rapids: 24 points
12. San Jose Earthquakes: 20 points
This week's games
Even though it's a FIFA international window, there are a few league games. MLS teams can play during FIFA windows if there's a schedule crunch, though the league tries to avoid it.
Seattle Sounders vs. Houston Dynamo (Monday, 10:30 p.m., ESPN+): Yes, this game was also in last week's column. This is a Monday column, so here the game is again — and this time, with better math. Because LAFC and Portland won, Seattle will stay in fifth place no matter the result, but with a game in hand on fourth-place, arch-rival Portland. Houston would be eliminated with a loss.
Los Angeles FC vs. Houston Dynamo (Friday, 10 p.m., ESPN+): LAFC is the fifth expansion team to reach the playoffs in its first season.
Minnesota United vs. Colorado Rapids (Saturday, 2 p.m., ESPN+): What do you figure was going through Loons manager Adrian Heath's mind as he sat on the visitors' bench at Talen Energy Stadium?
The view from Adrian Heath's bench tonight #PHIvMIN pic.twitter.com/ZgCrnr3nxc
— Jonathan Tannenwald (@thegoalkeeper) October 7, 2018
D.C. United vs. FC Dallas (Saturday, 4:55 p.m., Univision): The biggest game of the weekend is also the game that's on national TV. D.C. would move into sixth place with a win; Dallas would take a big step toward a first-round bye. Might the old "We want Dallas!" chant from RFK Stadium's heyday make its Audi Field debut?
New England Revolution vs. Orlando City (Saturday, 7:30 p.m., ESPN+): New England would be eliminated from contention with a loss. Fortunately for the Revolution, Orlando should be beatable.
Posted: October 8, 2018 - 10:13 AM
Jonathan Tannenwald | @thegoalkeeper | jtannenwald@inquirer.com
Jamiro Monteiro was badly missed in the Union's loss at Real Salt Lake
Jonathan Tannenwald
'We might burn the film,' Jim Curtin says of Union's 4-0 loss at Real Salt Lake
Union fall to Real Salt Lake, 4-0; Jefferson Savarino has two goals
Andrew Wooten is ready for his Union debut, and to get the USMNT's attention again
20 years before Megan Rapinoe's victory, I scored a goal on Mia Hamm as an 11-year-old. It changed my life. | Perspective
Kate Harman, for the Inquirer
Union want to avoid complacency in midst of success
Jackson Satz


Our team spans the globe, with Tom and Henry based in London, Agni and the product team in India, and connections via Henry in Australia.
We are a team of passionate entrepreneurs, technologists, thinkers and designers – all dedicated to building and launching new technology startups and helping innovative businesses solve major global problems.
Tom Is An Entrepreneur Who Has Been Involved In The UK & Indian Start-Up Technology Space Since 2010. He Has Set Up Four Businesses, And Been Involved In Hundreds More. He Advises, Mentors And Consults, As Well As Uses His Deep Knowledge Of The UK And Indian Markets To Support Whyable's Clients And Partners.
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text:
The sounds and sights of the Chicago and suburban music scenes
West suburban punk band Take the Reins plays Saturday, April 20, at Fitz's Spare Keys with Release(r) and The Hoodie Life. Courtesy of Take the Reins
Sound check: Take the Reins, Release(r), Hoodie Life play Fitz's
By Brian Shamie 2 years ago
Rockin' Fitz's
New songs are afoot for West suburban punk band Take the Reins. The band will roll out one Saturday at Fitz's Spare Keys in downtown Elmhurst. The fun, driving rockers will share the stage with Chicago four-piece Release(r) and The Hoodie Life, a recent project helmed by Stubhy Pandav. 9 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Fitz's Spare Keys, 119 N. York St., Elmhurst. $10. (630) 379-5007 or fitzssparekeys.com.
Blood People release
Blood People are bringing a new EP to see the light of day. The band — featuring Aly Jados and Jeff Loehrke (both from Lake Zurich), Roselle's Mickey Molinari and Norm Burns of Peoria — is following up last year's Riot Fest appearance with another set of solid rock, presented at the "Great Reactor" release show at Beat Kitchen this weekend. Hear the new tunes, as well as songs from Hawks and Doves and Denim Matriarch, who share the night's bill. 9 p.m. Friday, April 19, at Beat Kitchen, 2100 W. Belmont Ave., Chicago. $8. (773) 281-4444 or beatkitchen.com.
Midwest Springfest
Penny Road Pub rolls out this year's edition of Midwest Springfest, an annual daylong celebration of hard rock and metal. The bands, most from the Chicago area, will be featured on two stages — upstairs and downstairs – with staggered schedules so guests can catch some of each set. The Miller Stage upstairs features headliner Alethia; A Dying Ultimatum headlines the downstairs Jager Stage, with a full complement of musical acts leading up to both: Dear Deadly, Genotype, No Clear Way, Monroe, Blacken the Day, Prison City Brigade, Rachels Bully, Toxic Ruin, Greywall, The Kringe, 20 Spot, Mudfish and Mary Vaughn. 2 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Penny Road Pub, 545 Penny Road, Barrington. $10 through the bands; $12 at the door. (847) 428-0562 or pennyroadpub.com.
Red Light goodbyes
Red Light Compliance, a four-piece punk rock outfit from the western suburbs, is playing its last set as a band at Evolution Music in Downers Grove this weekend. Don't miss this all-ages farewell show, which has a stacked lineup of the Chicago-area scene: The Linden Method, Fantastic Mammals, stop.drop.rewind, Qualia and Primark. 6 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Evolution Music, 923 Curtiss St., Downers Grove. $10. (630) 541-5022 or evolutionmusicstore.com.
G-L-O-R-I-A
Soul-inspired Northern Ireland rock singer-songwriter Van Morrison brings his hits "Gloria," "Brown Eyed Girl," "Wild Night" and more to the Chicago Theatre for three nearly sold-out nights. Catch him with the James Hunter Six Band as he tours to promote his "The Healing Game" deluxe edition, released in March. 7 p.m. Tuesday through Thursday, April 23-25, at Chicago Theatre, 175 N. State St., Chicago. Ticket prices vary. (312) 902-1500 or msg.com.
Concert highlights
Solo Night with Dianne Christine, Zack Baumgartner, Lara Bell and Will Orlyk: 7 p.m. Friday, April 19, at RocHaus, 96 W. Main St., West Dundee. $10-$13. (815) 482-2870 or rochaus.com.
Dead Fest: 7:30 p.m. Friday, April 19, and 3 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Wire, 6815 W. Roosevelt Road, Berwyn. $27-$37 per day; $50-$70 for 2-day pass. (708) 669-9473 or wireismusic.com.
LOUDERNOW: 8 p.m. Friday, April 19, at Joe's Live, 5441 Park Place, Rosemont. $5. (847) 261-0392 or joesliverosemont.com.
King By Friday: 8:30 p.m. Friday, April 19, at Austin's Fuel Room, 481 Peterson Road, Libertyville. $10-$15. (847) 549-1972 or fuelroom.com.
An Evening with Mojo — A Tribute To Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers: 9:30 p.m. Friday, April 19, at BrauerHouse, 1000 N. Rohlwing Road, Lombard. $10-$13. (630) 495-2141 or brauerhouse.com.
DJENT FEST featuring Tanzen, Ryno, VCTMS, Contra., Extinction Level Event, From Another Planet, Dead/Awake, Bind the Sacrifice: 6 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Beat Kitchen, 2100 W. Belmont Ave., Chicago. $10. (773) 281-4444 or beatkitchen.com.
Don't Speak, What's Our Age Again, There Goes The Neighborhood: 7 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at RocHaus, 96 W. Main St., West Dundee. $10-$13. (815) 482-2870 or rochaus.com.
7th heaven, Petty Kings: 8:30 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Joe's Live, 5441 Park Place, Rosemont. $10. (847) 261-0392 or joesliverosemont.com.
Lil Ed & The Blues Imperials: 8:30 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Hey Nonny, 10 S. Vail Ave., Arlington Heights. $20. (224) 202-0750 or heynonny.com.
Gazebo Effect, Captain Coopersmith, Splor: 9 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Schubas, 3159 N. Southport Ave., Chicago. $10-$12. (773) 525-2508 or lh-st.com.
Ax and the Hatchetmen: 9 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Beacon Tap, 1374 Lee St., Des Plaines. thebeacontap.com.
Twenty Over: 10 p.m. Saturday, April 20, at Lamplighter Inn, 60 N. Bothwell St., Palatine. (847) 991-2420 or lamplighters.com.
Their Song: School of Rock Plays Elton John & Friends: 7:30 p.m. Tuesday, April 23, at Hey Nonny, 10 S. Vail Ave., Arlington Heights. $12-$20. (224) 202-0750 or heynonny.com
Bad Planning, Makena, Riot Shield, Tiny Kingdoms, Muted Color: 6:30 p.m. Thursday, April 25, at Wire, 6815 W. Roosevelt Road, Berwyn. $12-$15. (708) 669-9473 or wireismusic.com.
Nick Moss Band featuring Jason Ricc takes the Hey Nonny stage Thursday, April 25, in Arlington Heights.Courtesy of Hey Nonny
Nick Moss Band featuring Jason Ricc: 7:30 p.m. Thursday, April 25 at Hey Nonny, 10 S. Vail Ave., Arlington Heights. $15-$35. (224) 202-0750 or heynonny.com
Hillbilly Casino, The Buzzhounds single release, Rumble Train, Imbecile Missile: 8 p.m. Thursday, April 25, at Beat Kitchen, 2100 W. Belmont Ave., Chicago. $10. (773) 281-4444 or beatkitchen.com.
Eels: 8 p.m. Thursday, April 25, at Thalia Hall, 1807 S. Allport St., Chicago. $38.50-$60. (312) 526-3851 or thaliahallchicago.com.
Ryan Chrys & The Rough Cuts: 9:30 p.m. Thursday, April 25, at BrauerHouse, 1000 N. Rohlwing Road, Lombard. $10-$13. (630) 495-2141 or brauerhouse.com.
• Brian Shamie is a Daily Herald multiplatform editor and local music fanboy. Find him on Facebook or follow him on Twitter at @thatshamieguy. Brian also keeps tabs on the Chicago-area music scene at chicagosoundcheck.com.
Brian Shamie
Tags: Beat Kitchen, blood people, Denim Matriarch, Evolution Music, Fantastic Mammals, Fitz's Spare Keys, Hawks and Doves, Midwest Springfest, Penny Road Pub, Primark, Qualia, Red Light Compliance, Releaser, stop.drop.rewind, Take the Reins, The Hoodie Life, The Linden Method
Previous Sound check: Flat Five hits harmonies at Hey Nonny, FitzGerald's
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About Sound Check
The who, what, when and where of the Chicago and suburban music scene. Chicago Sound Check is a collaborative look by Daily Herald local music writer Brian Shamie and concert photographers Neal Zeleznak and Denis Cheng into the world of up-and-coming musicians working hard to express themselves, entertain others and make their mark.
What's going on this week
c/o Daily Herald
soundcheck@dailyherald.com
Copyright Chicago Sound Check/Daily Herald 2019 © All rights reserved.


text:
\section{Introduction
\label{sec:intro}

The discovery of new physics at hadron colliders often relies on a
detailed understanding of standard-model background processes.
Prominent among these is the production of weak bosons ($W,Z$) in
association with jets, one or more of which contains a heavy quark
($Q=c,b$).  The prime example is the discovery of the top quark at
the Fermilab Tevatron, which required a thorough understanding of
the $W+$jets background, with one or more heavy-quark jets
\cite{Abe:1995hr,Abachi:1995iq,Acosta:2001ct}. The discovery of
single-top-quark production via the weak interaction requires an
even more sophisticated understanding of this background
\cite{Abazov:2005zz,Acosta:2004bs}.

In this paper we present a next-to-leading-order (NLO) calculation
of the production of a $Z$ boson in association with two or more
jets, one or more of which contains a heavy quark. This is the
dominant irreducible background to the production of a Higgs boson
in association with a $Z$ boson, followed by $h\to b\bar b$
\cite{Stange:1993ya,Stange:1994bb}.  This signal is currently being
sought at the Tevatron with either one or both $b$ jets tagged
\cite{Acosta:2005ga}.  The calculation we present provides the
irreducible background at NLO for both cases.

The production of a $Z$ boson plus two jets with at least one
heavy-quark jet is also a background to the production of a Higgs
boson in association with one or more $b$ jets, which is a discovery
mode for a supersymmetric Higgs boson at large values of $\tan\beta$
\cite{Dicus:1988cx,Kunszt:1991qe,Kao:1995gx,Dai:1994vu,Dai:1996rn,
Richter-Was:1997gi,Barger:1997pp,Choudhury:1998kr,Huang:1998vu,Drees:1997sh,
Carena:1998gk,Diaz-Cruz:1998qc,Balazs:1998nt,Balazs:1998sb,Dicus:1998hs,
unknown:1999fr,Carena:2000yx,Affolder:2000rg,Campbell:2002zm,Maltoni:2003pn,
Harlander:2003ai,Dittmaier:2003ej,Dawson:2003kb,Dawson:2004sh,
Campbell:2004pu}.\footnote{The minimal supersymmetric standard model
requires two Higgs doublets; the ratio of their vacuum expectation
values is $\tan\beta\equiv v_2/v_1$.}  This background process is
also a benchmark for this Higgs discovery channel. The search for a
supersymmetric Higgs boson via this mode is underway at the Tevatron
\cite{Affolder:2000rg,Acosta:2005bk,Abazov:2005yr}, and will be
vigorously pursued at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
\cite{Abdullin:2005yn,Schumacher:2004da}.

When one considers the production of a heavy quark at a hadron
collider, ones first thought is usually of a virtual gluon splitting
into a final-state $Q\overline Q$ pair, as shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQ}(a), or via gluon fusion, as shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQ}(b). However, initial gluons splitting into a
$Q\overline Q$ pair is just as important a source at the Tevatron,
and even more important at the LHC, when only one heavy quark is
observed at high transverse momentum ($p_T$).  In that situation, it
is advantageous to think of the initial gluon as splitting into a
collinear $Q\overline Q$ pair, with one heavy quark remaining at low
$p_T$ while the other heavy quark participates in the hard
scattering and emerges at high $p_T$. The heavy quark that
participates in the hard scattering can be treated as part of the
proton sea, with a parton distribution function that is calculated
perturbatively from the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi
(DGLAP) evolution equations \cite{Aivazis:1993pi,Collins:1998rz}.
The production of a $Z$ boson with two jets, one of which contains a
heavy quark, then proceeds as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQj}.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
\vspace*{.2cm}
\hspace*{0cm}
\epsfxsize=10cm \epsfbox{diagZQQ.ps}
\vspace*{-.8cm}
\end{center}
\caption{Diagrams contributing to the associated production of a $Z$
boson and two high-$p_T$ heavy quarks ($Q=c,b$).} \label{fig:ZQQ}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
\vspace*{0cm}
\hspace*{0cm}
\epsfxsize=10cm \epsfbox{diagZQj.ps}
\end{center}
\caption{Diagrams contributing to the associated production of a $Z$
boson and two high-$p_T$ jets, one of which contains a heavy quark
($Q=c,b$).} \label{fig:ZQj}
\end{figure}

The reasons for using a heavy-quark distribution function are
twofold.  First, it resums collinear logarithms of the form $\ln
Q/m_Q$ to all orders, where $Q$ is the scale of the hard
scattering.  Second, it simplifies the leading-order process,
which makes a higher-order calculation tractable.

This paper completes the NLO calculation of $Z+$jets, with one or
more heavy quarks, up to two jets \cite{Campbell:2000bg}.  The
production of a $Z$ plus one jet, with one or more heavy quarks, was
presented in Ref.~\cite{Campbell:2003dd}, and agrees well with data
from the Tevatron \cite{Abazov:2004zd}.  The inclusive production of
a $Z$ with one or more heavy quarks was presented in
Ref.~\cite{Maltoni:2005wd}.

\section{$ZQj$ at NLO}\label{sec:ZQj

The leading-order (LO) processes for $Z$ plus two jets, one or more
of which contains a heavy quark, are $q\bar q(gg)\to ZQ\overline Q$
(Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQ}) and $Qq(g)\to ZQq(g)$ (Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQj}). The
LO cross sections are given in Table~\ref{tab:lo}, with the jets
satisfying the conditions $p_T>15$ GeV, $|\eta|<2$ (2.5 at the LHC),
and $\Delta R_{jj}>0.7$. At the Tevatron, the leading-order cross
sections for these two classes of processes are comparable; at the
LHC, the latter dominates. The processes $Qq(g)\to ZQq(g)$ are
relatively more important at the LHC than at the Tevatron because
they are initiated by a heavy sea quark, whose distribution function
rises at small values of $x$. Furthermore, $Qg\to ZQg$ is larger
than $Qq\to ZQq$ at the LHC, while they are comparable at the
Tevatron, since the former involves the gluon distribution function,
which is large at small values of $x$. For the same reason, $gg\to
ZQ\overline Q$ is dominant at the LHC compared with $q\bar q\to
ZQ\overline Q$, while the latter is more important at the Tevatron.

\begin{table}[p]
\caption{Leading-order cross sections (pb) for $Z$ boson plus two
jets, one or two of which contains a heavy quark, at the Tevatron
($\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV $p\bar p$) and the LHC ($\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV
$pp$). A jet lies in the range $p_T>15$ GeV and $|\eta|<2$ (2.5 at
the LHC), with $\Delta R_{jj}>0.7$.  No branching ratios or tagging
efficiencies are included. The labels on the columns have the
following meaning: $ZQj=$ exactly two jets, one of which contains a
heavy quark; $ZQ\overline Q=$ exactly two jets, both of which
contain a heavy quark. The CTEQ6L1 parton distribution functions are
used \cite{Pumplin:2002vw}, with the factorization and
renormalization scales chosen as $\mu_F=\mu_R=M_Z$.  Also given, in
square brackets, is the LO cross section obtained without using a
heavy-quark distribution function, from $gq(g)\to ZQ\overline
Qq(g)$.} \addtolength{\arraycolsep}{0.2cm}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\medskip
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\begin{tabular}[5]{|c|cc|cc|}
\hline \hline
& \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\sigma$ (pb)}\\
\cline{2-5}
Process & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Tevatron} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{LHC} \\
\cline{2-5}
           & $ZQj$           &  $ZQ\overline Q$ &   $ZQj$    & $ZQ\overline Q$   \\
\hline
 $bq\to Zbq+bg\to Zbg$   & 0.89+1.29=2.18 [1.91]   &  --  &  76+276=352 [191]   &  --   \\
 $q\bar q\to Zb\bar b+gg\to Zb\bar b$   & --  &  1.89+0.58=2.47  &  --  &  13+96=109   \\
\hline
 $cq\to Zcq+cg\to Zcg$   & 1.37+1.83=3.20 [3.26]   &  --  &  98+345=443 [271]  &  --   \\
 $q\bar q\to Zc\bar c+gg\to Zc\bar c$   & --  &  1.89+0.45=2.34  &  --  &  12+75=87   \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{tab:lo}
\end{table}

As is often the case, the distinction between the various
processes is lost once one goes beyond leading order.
Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQj}(a) shows a Feynman diagram which ostensibly
contributes to the NLO correction to $q\bar q\to ZQ\overline Q$,
while the Feynman diagram in Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQj}(b) ostensibly
contributes to the NLO correction to $Qq\to ZQq$, and the diagram
in Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQj}(c) to the NLO correction to $gg\to
ZQ\overline Q$. However, all three diagrams contribute to the same
amplitude, and therefore interfere.  Thus one cannot uniquely
identify them with any of the leading-order processes.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
\vspace*{0cm} \hspace*{0cm} \epsfxsize=16cm \epsfbox{diagZQQj.ps}
\vspace*{-.8cm}
\end{center}
\caption{Diagrams contributing to the NLO correction to the
associated production of a $Z$ boson and two high-$p_T$ jets, one or
more of which contains a heavy quark ($Q=c,b$).} \label{fig:ZQQj}
\end{figure}

The next-to-leading-order calculations in this paper were
performed with the Monte-Carlo code MCFM \cite{Ellis:1999ec}.  The
leading-order calculations were performed both with this code and
with MadEvent \cite{Maltoni:2002qb}.  The NLO corrections are
included in the code MCFM by implementing the virtual helicity
amplitudes of Ref.~\cite{Bern:1997sc}. These are given in the
four-dimensional helicity scheme, which is used throughout the
calculation. The real corrections are adapted from
Ref.~\cite{Nagy:1998bb} and singularities are handled using the
dipole subtraction method~\cite{Catani:1996vz}. Since the matrix
elements contain the decay of the gauge boson into massless
particles, the code is general enough to provide results for final
states from $\gamma^*,Z^*\to \ell^+\ell^-$ (including
interference). For this paper we specialize to the case of a real
$Z$ boson.

The processes involved in the calculation are as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item $q\bar q\to ZQ\overline Q$ at tree level (Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQ}) and one loop
\item $gg\to ZQ\overline Q$ at tree level (Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQ}) and one loop
\item $Qq\to ZQq$ at tree level (Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQj}) and one loop
\item $Qg\to ZQg$ at tree level (Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQj}) and one loop
\item $q\bar q\to ZQ\overline Qg$ at tree level
\item $gg\to ZQ\overline Qg$ at tree level
\item $Qg\to ZQgg$ at tree level
\item $Qq\to ZQqg$ at tree level
\item $gq\to ZQ\overline Qq$ at tree level (Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQj})
\item $Qg\to ZQq\bar q$ at tree level
\end{itemize}
We also include the processes $QQ'\to ZQQ'$, $Q\overline Q'\to
ZQ\overline Q'$, and $Q\overline Q\to ZQ'\overline Q'$ at LO.
These processes are already small at LO, so it is safe to neglect
their NLO corrections.  For charm final states, we only take
$Q=Q'=c$; for bottom, $Q,Q'=c,b$.

The results of our calculation are presented in
Tables~\ref{tab:tev_excl} and \ref{tab:lhc_excl}. The columns
$ZQj$ and $ZQ\overline Q$ contain the leading-order cross sections
(in parentheses) for the processes $Qq(g)\to ZQq(g)$ and $q\bar
q(gg)\to ZQ\overline Q$, respectively, taken from
Table~\ref{tab:lo}. We require the jets to satisfy the conditions
$p_T>15$ GeV, $|\eta|<2$ (2.5 at the LHC), and $\Delta
R_{jj}>0.7$. The heavy-quark mass is neglected here and throughout
the calculation (except where noted).  To obtain the NLO cross
sections for $ZQj$ and $ZQ\overline Q$, which involve the
radiation of additional partons ({\it e.g.}, Fig.~\ref{fig:ZQQj}),
two partons are combined into a single jet by adding their
four-momenta if $\Delta R_{jj}<0.7$. If the combined partons are
both heavy quarks, then the process contributes to the column
labeled $Z(Q\overline Q)j$. This is a $Z+2j$ event in which one
jet contains two heavy quarks, which changes the tagging
probability for that jet \cite{Acosta:2004nj}. It is calculated
with a finite heavy-quark mass ($m_c=1.4$ GeV, $m_b=4.75$ GeV) in
order to regulate the logarithmic divergence present when the
heavy quarks are collinear. If all three partons are well
separated, then the process contributes to either $ZQ\overline Qj$
or $ZQjj$.\footnote{The matrix elements for both $Z(Q\overline
Q)j$ and $ZQ\overline Qj$ are calculated with a finite heavy-quark
mass, but massive phase space is used only in the former.  We
checked that the quark mass is numerically irrelevant to the
latter process.}

\begin{table}[t]
\caption{Cross sections (pb) for $Z$-boson plus two (or more) jets,
one or more of which contains a heavy quark, at the Tevatron
($\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV $p\bar p$). A jet lies in the range $p_T>15$
GeV and $|\eta|<2$. Two final-state partons are merged into a single
jet if $\Delta R_{jj}<0.7$. No branching ratios or tagging
efficiencies are included. Numbers in parenthesis are leading-order
results. The labels on the columns have the following meaning:
$ZQj=$ exactly two jets, one of which contains a heavy quark;
$ZQ\overline Q=$ exactly two jets, both of which contain a heavy
quark; $Z(Q\overline Q)j=$ exactly two jets, one of which contains a
heavy-quark pair; $ZQ\overline Qj=$ exactly three jets, two of which
contain a heavy quark; $ZQjj=$ exactly three jets, one of which
contains a heavy quark.  For the last set of processes, the labels
mean: $Zjj=$ exactly two jets, including heavy quarks; $Zjjj=$
exactly three jets, including heavy quarks. For $ZQj$ and
$ZQ\overline Q$, both the leading-order (in parentheses) and
next-to-leading-order cross sections are given. The CTEQ6M parton
distribution functions are used throughout, except for the LO cross
sections in parentheses, where CTEQ6L1 is used
\cite{Pumplin:2002vw}. The factorization and renormalization scales
are chosen as $\mu_F=\mu_R=M_Z$.}

\addtolength{\arraycolsep}{0.2cm}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\medskip

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[5]{|c|ccccc|}
\hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{Tevatron} &
\multicolumn{5}{c|}{$\sigma$ (pb)}\\[1pt]
\hline
         &  $ZQj$  & $ZQ\overline Q$ & $Z(Q\overline Q)j$  &   $ZQ\overline Qj$  &  $ZQjj$ \\
\hline
bottom   & (2.18) 5.23  & (2.47) 3.07  &  0.634 &  0.672 & 0.326 \\
charm    & (3.20) 7.49  & (2.34) 2.75  &  2.00  &  0.621 & 0.495 \\
\hline & \multicolumn{3}{|c}{$Zjj$} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$Zjjj$} \\
\hline $Z+$jets & \multicolumn{3}{|c}{(163) 182} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{22.9} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\label{tab:tev_excl}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[t]
\caption{Same as Table~\ref{tab:tev_excl}, except at the LHC
($\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV $pp$).  A jet lies in the range $p_T>15$ GeV
and $|\eta|<2.5$.}

\addtolength{\arraycolsep}{0.2cm}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\medskip
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[5]{|c|ccccc|}
\hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{LHC} &
\multicolumn{5}{c|}{$\sigma$ (pb)}\\[1pt]
\hline
         &  $ZQj$  & $ZQ\overline Q$ & $Z(Q\overline Q)j$  &   $ZQ\overline Qj$  &  $ZQjj$ \\
\hline
bottom   & (352) 421 & (109)  92.1  &  23.5 &  60.8 & 92.1 \\
charm    & (443) 623 & (87) 75.2  &  58.6 &  49.3 & 123 \\
\hline & \multicolumn{3}{|c}{$Zjj$} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$Zjjj$} \\
\hline $Z+$jets & \multicolumn{3}{|c}{(6090) 4840} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{1810} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\label{tab:lhc_excl}
\end{table}

We checked that the effect of the heavy-quark mass is negligible
by comparing $ZQ\overline Q$ at tree level with and without a
finite quark mass.  Similarly, we found that the heavy-quark mass
is also negligible for $ZQ\overline Qj$ at tree level, as
expected.

The NLO correction to $ZQj$ is quite sizable at the Tevatron, more
than 100\%.  One of the reasons is that the process $q\bar q\to
ZQ\overline Qg$ (where one of the heavy quarks is outside the
acceptance) makes a relatively large contribution.  This is not
really a NLO correction to $Qq(g)\to ZQq(g)$, but rather a new
channel. This contribution is about 1.2 pb for both bottom and
charm at the Tevatron.  In contrast, this process makes a
relatively small contribution to $ZQj$ at the LHC, only 10 pb for
bottom and 4 pb for charm.

We also list in Tables~\ref{tab:tev_excl} and \ref{tab:lhc_excl}
the LO (in parentheses) and NLO cross sections for $Zjj$
\cite{Campbell:2000bg,Campbell:2002tg,Campbell:2003hd}, and the LO
cross section for $Zjjj$.  In these cross sections we have
included the contribution from light partons as well as heavy
quarks.  Thus, for example, the fraction of $Z+2j$ events in which
only one of the jets contains heavy quarks is given by
$[ZQj+Z(Q\overline Q)j]/Zjj$.

In Tables~\ref{tab:tev_incl} and \ref{tab:lhc_incl} we list the
results in an inclusive manner, and also include the NLO result
for $Z$ plus one heavy-quark jet \cite{Campbell:2003dd}. In
addition, we give the NLO cross section for $Zj$
\cite{Campbell:2003dd}, including both light and heavy partons.
Thus $ZQ+X$ is the cross section for a $Z$ plus at least one
heavy-quark jet; it is the sum of the columns labeled $ZQ$, $ZQj$,
and $ZQ\overline Q$ in Tables 1 and 2 of
Ref.~\cite{Campbell:2003dd}, including all contributing processes.
$Z(Q\overline Q)$ contains one jet which contains a heavy-quark
pair. It is calculated at LO, including the heavy-quark mass in
order to regulate the collinear divergence present in $q\bar q\to
Z(Q\overline Q)$. $ZQj+X$ has at least two jets, one of which
contains a heavy quark; it is the sum of the columns labeled $ZQj$
and $ZQjj$ in Tables~\ref{tab:tev_excl} and \ref{tab:lhc_excl}.
$ZQ\overline Q+X$ has at least two jets, two of which contain a
heavy quark; it is the sum of the columns labeled $ZQ\overline Q$
and $ZQ\overline Qj$ in Tables~\ref{tab:tev_excl} and
\ref{tab:lhc_excl}.  Finally, $Z(Q\overline Q)j$ contains two
jets, one of which contains a heavy-quark pair; it is calculated
at LO with a finite quark mass.

We estimate the uncertainties in the NLO inclusive cross sections
by varying the renormalization scale, the factorization scale, and
the parton distribution functions independently.  The
renormalization scale is varied over $\mu_R = (0.5 - 2) M_Z$, with
$\mu_F = M_Z$. Similarly, we vary $\mu_F = (0.5 - 2) M_Z$ with
$\mu_R = M_Z$. The uncertainties due to scale variation are
significantly reduced at NLO in comparison with the LO
calculation. Significant renormalization-scale dependence remains
since the process is ${\cal O}(\alpha_S^2)$.  The parton
distribution functions are varied over the 41 different sets
contained in CTEQ6M \cite{Pumplin:2002vw,Huston:2005jm}.
A symmetric uncertainty
on the cross sections can be obtained from these sets by using
Eq.~(26) of Ref.~\cite{Pumplin:2001ct}. In addition, we have
studied the deviation of the cross section in each direction
separately, as in Ref.~\cite{Nadolsky:2001yg}. However, we find
that the difference between the positive and negative deviations
is not significant in any of the cases and thus we report only
symmetric uncertainties.

As an example of the use of these tables, consider the inclusive
cross section for $Z+$ 2 jets with one heavy-quark tag.  This
cross section is obtained from
\begin{equation}
\sigma = \epsilon_Q \sigma_{ZQj+X} + 2 \epsilon_Q (1-\epsilon_Q)
\sigma_{ZQ\overline Q+X}
        + \epsilon_{Q\overline Q} \sigma_{Z(Q\overline Q)j}
\end{equation}
where $\epsilon_Q$ is the tagging probability for a heavy-quark jet,
and $\epsilon_{Q\overline Q}$ is the tagging probability for a jet
containing a heavy-quark pair.

\begin{table}[p]
\caption{Inclusive cross sections (pb) for $Z$ boson plus one or two
jets, one or two of which contains a heavy quark, at the Tevatron
($\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV $p\bar p$). A jet lies in the range $p_T>15$
GeV and $|\eta|<2$. Two final-state partons are merged into a single
jet if $\Delta R_{jj}<0.7$. No branching ratios or tagging
efficiencies are included. Numbers in parenthesis are leading-order
results. The labels on the columns have the following meaning:
$ZQ+X=$ at least one jet, at least one of which contains a heavy
quark; $Z(Q\overline Q)=$ one jet which contains a heavy-quark pair;
$ZQj+X=$ at least two jets, one of which contains a heavy quark;
$ZQ\overline Q+X=$ at least two jets, two of which contain a heavy
quark; $Z(Q\overline Q)j=$ two jets, one of which contains a
heavy-quark pair.  The last row gives the inclusive cross section
for jets containing both light and heavy partons. The CTEQ6M parton
distribution functions are used throughout, except for the LO cross
sections in parentheses, where CTEQ6L1 is used
\cite{Pumplin:2002vw}.  The factorization and renormalization scales
are chosen as $\mu_F=\mu_R=M_Z$.  The uncertainties are from the
variation of the renormalization scale, the factorization scale, and
the parton distribution functions, respectively.}

\addtolength{\arraycolsep}{0.2cm}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\medskip
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1.2cm}
\begin{tabular}[5]{|c|cc|ccc|}
\hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{Tevatron} &
\multicolumn{5}{c|}{$\sigma$ (pb)}\\[1pt]
\hline
& \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$Z+1$ jet $+X$} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{$Z+2$ jets $+X$} \\
\cline{2-6}
           & $ZQ+X$           &  $Z(Q\overline Q)$ &   $ZQj+X$    & $ZQ\overline Q+X$ & $Z(Q\overline Q)j$  \\
\hline
 bottom& (8.23) 18.1&2.1&(2.19) $5.56^{+1.2}_{-0.9}\,^{+0.07}_{-0.05}\,^{+0.5}_{-0.5}$&(2.49) $3.74^{+0.45}_{-0.45}\,^{+0.12}_{-0.12}\,^{+0.15}_{-0.15}$&$0.63^{+0.26}_{-0.16}\,^{+0.06}_{-0.06}\,^{+0.05}_{-0.05}$\\
 charm & (11.3) 27.5&6.6&(3.21) $8.23^{+1.7}_{-1.4}\,^{+0.15}_{-0.26}\,^{+0.8}_{-0.8}$&(2.35) $3.47^{+0.44}_{-0.37}\,^{+0.0}_{-0.87}\,^{+0.14}_{-0.14}$&$2.08^{+0.85}_{-0.53}\,^{+0.22}_{-0.16}\,^{+0.15}_{-0.15}$\\

\hline
 all jets  & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{(898) 1070} &  \multicolumn{3}{c|}{(163) $205^{+19}_{-19}\,^{+7}_{-2}\,^{+5}_{-5}$}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{tab:tev_incl}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[p]
\caption{Same as Table~\ref{tab:tev_incl}, except at the LHC
($\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV $pp$).  A jet lies in the range $p_T>15$ GeV
and $|\eta|<2.5$.}

\addtolength{\arraycolsep}{0.2cm}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\medskip
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[5]{|c|cc|ccc|}
\hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{LHC} &
\multicolumn{5}{c|}{$\sigma$ (pb)}\\[1pt]
\hline
& \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$Z+1$ jet $+X$} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{$Z+2$ jets $+X$} \\
\cline{2-6}
           & $ZQ+X$        &  $Z(Q\overline Q)$ & $ZQj+X$   & $ZQ\overline Q+X$ & $Z(Q\overline Q)j$  \\
\hline
 bottom& (826) 1060&25&(353) $513^{+84}_{-58}\,^{+44}_{-35}\,^{+25}_{-25}$&(111) $153^{+20}_{-20}\,^{+2}_{-2}\,^{+9}_{-9}$&$24^{+10}_{-6}\,^{+0.3}_{-0.3}\,^{+1.2}_{-1.2}$\\
 charm & (989) 1430&50&(443) $746^{+110}_{-110}\,^{+0}_{-46}\,^{+45}_{-45}$&(90) $125^{+17}_{-17}\,^{+2}_{-2}\,^{+8}_{-8}$&$59^{+23}_{-15}\,^{+2}_{-2}\,^{+3}_{-3}$\\

\hline
 all jets  & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ (15300) 18400} &  \multicolumn{3}{c|}{(6090) $6650^{+470}_{-500}\,^{+170}_{-50}\,^{+240}_{-240}$}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{tab:lhc_incl}
\end{table}

We show in Figures~\ref{fig:pt_tev} and \ref{fig:pt_lhc} the
transverse-momentum spectrum of the $Z$ boson in events with at
least two jets, one of which contains a bottom quark, at the
Tevatron and the LHC. Both the LO and NLO distributions are shown.
The radiative corrections do not significantly change the shape of
the distribution, as is often the case when the quantity plotted
is not affected by the change in the kinematics due to additional
radiation.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[angle=90,width=14cm]{ptz_tev.ps}
\end{center}
\caption{Transverse-momentum distribution of the $Z$ boson in events
with at least two jets, one of which contains a bottom quark, at the
Tevatron ($\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV $p\bar p$).  The jets satisfy the
conditions $p_T>15$ GeV, $|\eta|<2$, and $\Delta R_{jj}>0.7$.  Both
LO (dashed) and NLO (solid) distributions are shown.}
\label{fig:pt_tev}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\vspace*{0cm} \hspace*{0cm}
\includegraphics[angle=90,width=14cm]{ptz_lhc.ps}
\end{center}
\caption{Same as Fig.~\ref{fig:pt_tev}, but at the LHC
($\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV $pp$).  The jets satisfy the conditions $p_T>15$
GeV, $|\eta|<2.5$, and $\Delta R_{jj}>0.7$.} \label{fig:pt_lhc}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions

In this paper we present a NLO calculation of the production of a
$Z$ boson plus two jets, one or more of which contains a heavy
quark. This greatly improves the accuracy with which this
fundamental background is known at the Tevatron and the LHC.  We
provide our results in both an exclusive (Tables~\ref{tab:tev_excl}
and \ref{tab:lhc_excl}) and an inclusive manner
(Tables~\ref{tab:tev_incl} and \ref{tab:lhc_incl}).  The NLO cross
section is significantly greater than the LO cross section for the
default scale choice $\mu_F=\mu_R=M_Z$.

Our calculation makes use of the heavy quarks present in the
proton sea, which are perturbatively calculable.  This makes the
LO calculation simpler, thus allowing a higher-order calculation
to be tractable.  We showed that the processes $Qq(g)\to ZQq(g)$
are a significant source of $ZQj$ events at the Tevatron, and the
dominant source at the LHC.

Alternatively, one could eschew the heavy quarks in the proton sea,
and regard the proton as containing only light quarks and gluons. In
that approach, the LO processes for $ZQj$ are $gq(g)\to ZQ\overline
Qq(g)$, where one of the heavy quarks is outside the acceptance of
the detector.  We give the results of this calculation in square
brackets in Table~\ref{tab:lo}, using CTEQL1 with $\mu_F=\mu_R=M_Z$.
The results are quite consistent with the LO results of the
heavy-quark approach at the Tevatron, but at the LHC they lie
somewhat below, though within a factor of two. In any case, the most
accurate cross sections are the NLO results presented in this paper,
based on the heavy-quark approach.

An important application of these results is to the search for the
Higgs boson via $q\bar q\to Zh$, followed by $h\to b\bar b$, where
the signal is $Z+2j$ with one or two $b$ tags \cite{Acosta:2005ga}.
We provide NLO results for the backgrounds with either one or two
heavy-quark jets. We have shown that the majority of such events
have only one heavy-quark jet. We see from Tables~\ref{tab:tev_incl}
and \ref{tab:lhc_incl} that $Zbj+X$ is nearly twice as big as
$Zb\bar b+X$ at the Tevatron, and more than three times as large at
the LHC. Similarly, $Zcj+X$ is about thrice $Zc\bar c+X$ at the
Tevatron, and about six times as large at the LHC.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

\indent\indent We are grateful for conversations with C.~Ciobanu,
T.~Junk, T.~Liss, S.~Lowette, B.~Mellado, K.~Pitts, P.~Venlaer,
and C.~Weiser. J.~C. and S.~W.~thank the Aspen Center for Physics for
hospitality. This work was supported in part by the
U.~S.~Department of Energy under contracts Nos.~DE-AC02-76CH03000
and DE-FG02-91ER40677.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Re: Imperial and Royal Highness
Posted by Charles on 25/5/2020, 23:28:05, in reply to "Imperial and Royal Highness"
User logged in as Charles
Were only the Habsbugs styled thus? Did it have to do with the fact that they were archdukes and archduchesses of Austria, but (say) princes and princesses of Tuscany (a grand duchy, until deposed in 1860) -- or other cadet branches of the house (e.g. Modena, Teschen)?
The style of *Imperial Highness* was actually attached to the title *Prince(ss) of Austria*. The title of archduke came with the style of *Royal Highness* although there was an idea at one point to apply the style of *Archducal Highness* to it. As the title of archduke was unique to this house, it's one title they used, but the title for the imperial line was (in male form): *(imperial) Prince and Archduke of Austria, (royal) Prince of Hungary and Bohemia*.
Of course, it has been stressed that only members of the imperial line of the Habsburgs (i.e. male-line descendants of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II) were Imperial Highnesses, the others being *only* Royal Highnesses. In fact, the Habsburgs supposedly didn't acquire imperial rank until 1804, when the Holy Roman empire got dissolved and the Austro-Hungarian empire was formed (when Francis II became Emperor Francis I). But of course, many sources (e.g. Wikipedia) continue referring to members of the other branches also as Imperial Highnesses ...
Actually, it's a little more complicated than that apparently. I asked someone I consider an expert on the matter about the Austrian imperial and royal styles. In 1806, only the imperial line was styled *Imperial Highness*; in 1839 the house laws were amended to extended the imperial style to all lines (which already had the royal style). Yet, the Duke of Modena (who should have been styled *Imperial and Royal Highness*, was only styled as *Royal Highness* in an 1847 Austria–Modena treaty. Today, all archdukes are certainly *Imperial and Royal Highness*.
What about princes of the German empire? Were they also styled as Imperial and Royal Highness? It seems logical that they would have, since they would have been Imperial Highnesses as princes of Germany, but Royal Highnesses as princes of Prussia.
Only the German Crown Prince and German Crown Princess were *Imperial and Royal Highness*, as only they and the German Emperor and German Empress made up the German Imperial Family. The rest were "just" the Prussian Royal Family. George Frederick, Prince of Prussia as titular German Emperor may use the imperial style, as may his eldest son and heir.
In Russia, however, there was no such thing as a Royal Highness: the highest qualifying rank of a cadet member of the Romanov dynasty was Imperial Highness, styled by grand dukes and grand duchesses. If one was not a child or grandchild through son of a sovereign, but only dynastic male-line grandchild, he was a Prince(ss), with the qualification of Highness. Beyond that, one was a Prince(ss), with the qualification of Serene Highness.
The children and grandchildren of the Russian emperor had the grand ducal title and imperial style; the great-grandchildren not in the direct line were princes and *Highness* but each of the great-grandsons should be considered an individual line of the family for the purposes of the style of *Highness* passing to the heir male of each of those great-grandsons. The others were all *Serene Highness*.
Matters were further complicated whenever a princess left her native land to marry a foreign prince (which has traditionally been expected to happen). If the union was dynastic, and she married *up*, then no problem: her lower qualifier (e.g. Grand Ducal Highness) would get dropped altogether, and the higher one (e.g. Royal Highness) would get adopted.
But if she married *down*, one ran into potential complications: a Romanov grand duchess who was an Imperial Highness might marry a Royal Highness who was a cadet member of a kingdom (e.g. the Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria of Great Britain), or a sovereign grand duke in Germany (e.g. Mecklenbuerg, Baden). As I understand, the Duchess of Edinburgh was doubly styled as Imperial and Royal Highness: it's just that her mother-in-law insisted on the Royal being first in the UK, the Imperial second. The strong-willed daughter-in-law, however, resisted -- and evidently got her way on the matter.
Marrying "down" wasn't the problem, her insistence on having precedence over her sisters-in-law resulted in the "punishment" of being *Royal and Imperial Highness* (in that order). She didn't get her way in her mother-in-law's realms — it was only when she became Duchess of Saxe-Coburg & Gotha that her husband could rearrange her styles.
If, however, an Imperial Highness married only a Grand Ducal Highness or Highness, there should have been no double styling. Rather, she would simply have remained an Imperial Highness -- correct?
Yes, *Imperial Highness* and *Royal Highness* usually derive from heads of Majestic style and get grouped together and mask other lower styles.
In the case of Archduchess Gisela of Austria (daughter of Emperor Franz Joseph), the qualifier of Royal Highness she acquired at marriage (in 1873, to Prince Leopold of Bavaria) would have been redundant. After all, she was born an Imperial and Royal Highness (unlike the Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, who was simply HIH). So I assume that nothing changed, as the Bavarian royal court permitted her to continue styling herself Imperial first, Royal second -- correct?
I'm sure she would have been allowed to be *Imperial and Royal Highness* in that order.
Imperial and Royal Highness - Jane 23/5/2020, 21:04:15
Re: Imperial and Royal Highness - Forrest 23/5/2020, 22:35:54
Re: Imperial and Royal Highness - Stefan 24/5/2020, 8:12:30
Re: Imperial and Royal Highness - José 24/5/2020, 14:13:44
Re: Imperial and Royal Highness - Karen 24/5/2020, 18:24:19
Re: Imperial and Royal Highness - Johan 25/5/2020, 13:36:27
Re: Imperial and Royal Highness - Charles 25/5/2020, 23:28:05


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The Kallipolitan
By Osvaldo Guillermo Turco
The Weekenders was a Saturday morning show by Disney that was entertaining in a very unique way. The characters' antics and high jinx were not limited to the weekend but the weekend was for them an emancipation for the school week and all that comes with it. The weekend was such a relief that I opine that this show was a forerunner to another cultural enigma that came later. I believe the kids on the weekenders grew up to be the cast of the Jersey Shore. That same attitude of relief from responsibility and a genuinely great time for the audience more than the characters/participants is mirrored in the Jersey Shore.
The Treatise
In this issue of the Kallipolitan Magazine, we want to warm up those winter hearts and frozen imaginations. We want to do more than distract you from news that makes its business being awful; because fear brings in the big bucks. We want to inspire you to see another way of treating one another. And what better way to do that than to share with you what inspires us: peaceful art.
Some kids immediately connect with the bad guys or the brave and cliched good guys. Some kids like the wild cards and some kids are drawn to depth that goes past just good and bad. Ever since a young age, I have always been drawn not to good or bad characters but to characters that display great ingenuity and resourcefulness. I don't care if they are good or bad, as long as they're smart, I used to say. This is possibly why I love science fiction as an adult, because it's premise is ingenuity and resourcefulness. But as a child, there was only one bear that was the source for all the ingenious adventures you could handle. And that little bear's name was Rupert.
My Dinner With Osvaldo
By Antonio Mosquera & Osvaldo Guillermo Turco
My Dinner With Andre is a 1981 film with a cult following. In it two old friends become reacquainted over dinner as they converse on topics of art, life, and happiness. I recently had an opportunity to do the very same. I sat down with my colleague at The Kallipolitan and old friend Osvaldo Guillermo Turco to a sparkling meal in a jazzy and dimly-lit restaurant.
Blame It On Fidel
La Faute à Fidel (Blame it on Fidel) is a 2006 French film depicting the political and cultural changes taking place in France and primarily Paris in the early 1970s. The film follows a nine year old girl and her little brother as their family undergoes several changes and experiences different political events. The family abandon their French bourgeois home and lives in order to become political activists.
Montevideo: City Of Writers
Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay, is often overlooked as a global major city whether by tourists or list-makers. It has always been in the expansive shadows of Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, or Mexico City when it comes to great Latin American cities. But make no mistake Montevideo stands alone, a city with few equals on this planet. The city built on top of a hill overlooking the Atlantic Ocean and dancing along the coastline holds more mysteries than our modern times will allow. In an era when everything is owed an explanation, no one knows with any certitude where the name Montevideo even came from. This city of over one million citizens holds the rank of rare mysterious obsession for Latin American writers; much like New York to rappers in the 1990s, Paris to artists in the 1920s, and Barcelona to painters in the 1880s.
The Ballad Of Morado & The Muralists
Halloween is about telling stories that excite our imagination, intrigue our curiosity, and flame our fear. This story has it all: imaginative art, curious revolutions, and scariest of all, socialists. During the Cold War they didn't tell ghost stories, they told communist stories. But this isn't a communist story; it is The Halloween Ballad of Morado and the Muralists.
Cuban Baseball
In Cuba baseball is heralded as the sport of the people, the revolution, and a personal favourite of Fidel Castro; it is a sport that has a special place in the heart of the Cuban people. What makes America's pastime a Cuban favourite? Certainly not politics, it's not like baseball is a more communist sport than tennis, nor is it intrinsically capitalistic at heart. Cuba's love affair with baseball has very much to do with the way baseball is played in the Caribbean but specifically in Cuba. It is done in a way that captures that culture and enigmatic spirituality of the people.
Square Enix's 2006 Final Fantasy XII may have been one of the highest acclaimed video games in history but it still does not get enough credit. It was the last Final Fantasy game to have a plot created by Yasumi Matsuno, the visionary originally hired by series creator Hironobu Sakaguchi. The game gave an opportunity for career designers to become directors in Hiroshi Minagawa and Hiroyuki Ito. It also possessed the inevitably flawless soundtrack, expected from and, composed by the immaculately talented Nobuo Uematsu. Final Fantasy XII (FFXII) originated the gambit gaming system which would become commonplace today. It would be irresponsible to not mention that ground-breaking graphics, seven hours plus of movie scenes, and one of the longest gameplay in modern gaming history. It also represented a landmark game for the series as it would prove to be the second last storyline in the Final Fantasy series.
Uruguayan Literature
The richness and depth of Uruguayan literature is immense to new readers; there are endless treasures from every end of this talent pool. Florencio Sánchez, a late nineteenth century playwright that traveled both around the globe and the political spectrum spent an inordinate amount of his work focusing on the history of Latin America. His modern counterpart, Eduardo Galeano, a prolific novelist with the soul of a journalist shares his obsession with history.
A. Douglas Svensson
Ahmed Latif
Antonio Mosquera
Gabriel Zultanic
Kamran Dadi
Kareem Abdurazag
Madeleine Caprosz
Maiy Latif
Osvaldo G. Turco
Rahman Ismail
Toshiro Diggs
Zurab Andronikashvili