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Walsh-Kaiser Co., Inc. was a shipyard in both Cranston and Providence, Rhode Island. It was built during World War II and financed by the Maritime Commission as part of the country's Emergency Shipbuilding Program. It was originally operated by Rheem Manufacturing, a company with no previous shipbuilding expertise. When Rheem had difficulty managing the yard, Kaiser Shipyards was retained to manage the operation.

History

Early history and war years
In 1942, the Maritime Commission selected Fields Point for the location of an emergency shipyard. It was planned to be able to build ships on six different ways. The construction of the shipyard was financed as part of the country's Emergency Shipbuilding Program. Storekeepers and housewives, clerks and youths fresh out of school worked side by side, turning out ship after ship. Construction began on March 28, 1942. The shipyard construction swallowed the popular Kerwin's Beach, which drew thousands to the shores of the Providence River before it was covered over. One million yards of fill from a nearby hillside was dumped onto the mud flats, but this still failed to stabilize the area. The total cost of the shipyard was twenty six million dollars.

On New Year's Eve, 1942, the first of many misfortunes hit the plant. The plate shop, the first step in the production process, burned to the ground. In February 1943, after the Rheem company showed difficulty managing the yard, Kaiser Shipyards was asked to manage the operation of the yard. As a result of the takeover, the size of the yard increased from 9,000 employees to over 14,000 just four months later. Eventually, seven miles of road wound about the yard.

The first ships that the yard produced were Liberty ships. After ten ships were completed, 21 frigates were built. After those ships were finished, 32 attack cargo ships (Navy hull designation AKA) were constructed and launched. In the three years that the yard was in operation, 63 ships were eventually launched and completed.

After learning from their initial mistakes, workers became more skilled with the building of ships. It took only 136 days from the keel laying to delivery of the attack cargo ships. The fastest turnover took a mere 82 days.

The yard didn't escape recognition by famous dignitaries. President Harry S Truman was escorted by then Governor J. Howard McGrath when Truman toured the yard. Navy Secretary James Forrestal on September 1, 1945 wrote to T.J. Walsh, the head of the company, praising the work of the local yard and saying that it was preeminent in building the great arsenal that helped save the world.

Work was described as decent by the workers who labored there. Wages were also high due to the influence that the AFL had in the area. Common laborers at the yard earned eighty-five cents an hour.

The steady employment actually helped the local economy as the yard employed 18,767 on September 30, 1944. Three months later the payroll included 20,879. During the yard's peak in January 1945, 21,264 people were employed. Among these numbers were over 3,000 women. At the end of the war, the shipyard closed after laying off over 3,000 people in three months.

The shipyard today
Today, the yard has been reused by a few companies. Johnson & Wales University has taken over the northwestern portion of the yard for their culinary arts program. A drive-in theater also operated on the site of the yard from 1958 to 1976. The theater had a 1,700 car capacity.  In the late 1970s there were also plans to construct a cargo container port at the site, but these plans fell through and two cranes from these plans are all that remain.  There is a combined Navy, Marine Corps and Army Reserve center on the site.

Ships built

Liberty Ships

Colony-class frigates

 HMS Anguilla (K500)

 HMS Ascension (K502)
 HMS Bahamas (K503)

Artemis-class attack cargo ships

 USS Athene (AKA-22)
 USS Aurelia (AKA-23)
 USS Birgit (AKA-24)

 USS Pamina (AKA-34)

 USS Renate (AKA-36)

 USS Vanadis (AKA-49)

References

External links
List of ships built by Walsh-Kaiser Company, Inc.
History of Walsh-Kaiser

United States Navy shipyards
Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States
United States home front during World War II
Companies based in Providence, Rhode Island
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Rhode Island
Cranston, Rhode Island
Military installations in Rhode Island
1942 establishments in Rhode Island

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Netflix Is Releasing 'Cobra Kai' Season 3 One Week Earlier Than Scheduled
"See you on New Year's, nerds."
Steve Huff
Netflix originally planned to release Cobra Kai Season 3 on January 8, 2021. However, on the Thursday before Christmas, the streaming giant elected to give the show's fans a little holiday love and announced that they'll actually make the Karate Kid spinoff available one week early. Watch the video announcement above.
Poster art for Season 3
The video was accompanied by a quote from William Zabka's character, Johnny Lawrence:
"I heard you all whining about Season 3 taking forever. So I called the pawn shop and the guy walked me through this Netflix thing. Dude knows his stuff. Now you get it a week early. See you on New Year's, nerds." - Johnny Lawrence 🐍
A lot of people are looking forward to 2021 merely because it won't be 2020, one of the worst years in memory for much of the world. Now there's at least this.
The season 3 trailer above should be plenty to get fans of the show excited. Johnny and Daniel (Macchio) may well team up as Johnny's sensei from the movies, John Kreese (Martin Kove) returns, and he apparently hasn't improved with age.
Cobra Kai Season 3 premieres on Netflix on January 1, 2021.
trailersMaxim VideoThe Karate KidEntertainmentRalph MacchionetflixCobra KaiWilliam ZabkaAnnouncementStreaming TV
Deputy Digital Editor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
DART Adult Passage Visual Counts Metadata & Glossary
Adult Passage Metadata
Project/Dam1 2
Primary Data Source
WFF Willamette Falls (Sullivan Project) Willamette Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife
BON Bonneville Columbia U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
LYL Lyle Falls Klickitat Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project
TDA The Dalles Columbia U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
JDA John Day Columbia U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
MCN McNary Columbia U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
IHR Ice Harbor Snake U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
LMN Lower Monumental Snake U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
LGS Little Goose Snake U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
LWG Lower Granite Snake U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
PRO Prosser Yakima Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project
ROZ Roza Yakima Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project
PRD Priest Rapids Columbia U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [1962-1998] and Grant County PUD [1999-present]
WAN Wanapum Columbia Grant County PUD
RIS Rock Island Columbia U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [1977-2000] and Chelan County PUD [2001-present]
TUM Tumwater Wenatchee Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife and Chelan County PUD
RRH Rocky Reach Columbia U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [1977-2000] and Chelan County PUD [2001-present]
WEL Wells Columbia U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [1977-2001] and Douglas County PUD [2002-present]
ZOS Zosel Okanogan Colville Tribes Fish & Wildlife (OBMEP)
Sites listed in "migration" order.
Click on the data inventory icon to view the DART Adult Passage Data Inventory for All Species and All Years. This information is displayed in a new browser window.
Click on the Project name to view additional information about that project, including operating agency, construction dates, DART datasets, and project photo. This information is displayed in a new browser window.
USACE Dams Video and Live Counting: From November through March, video tape fish counting occurs at US Army Corps of Engineers dams with fish ladders on the Columbia and Snake Rivers. Fish counting by video tape takes at least a few days to process: the fish counters have to make, collect, and read the tapes, and then submit their fish counts. DART retrieves and posts the data as soon as it is made available. On April 1, live fish counting resumes at all 8 Columbia River and Snake River Corps dams with fish ladders: from April through October each year for 16 hours each day, fish counters working at each fish ladder look directly into the fish ladders to count the fish passing by.
Bonneville, The Dalles, John Day, McNary, Ice Harbor, Lower Monumental, Little Goose, and Lower Granite: On March 10, 2011, DART's Adult Passage data from the Army Corps dams--Bonneville, The Dalles, John Day, McNary, Ice Harbor, Lower Monumental, Little Goose, and Lower Granite--were updated in their entirety (1938-2011) to reflect the numbers currently reported by the US Army Corps Portland District. The updates included replacement of manually entered data from printed reports, the inclusion of historical data previously missing from DART, and the correction of counts that have been updated.
Lyle Adult Trap at Lyle Falls: Daily counts represent number of fish caught in the adult fish trap at Lyle Falls Fishway (Klickitat River RM 2.4). With the exception of some fish that are collected for hatchery broodstock purposes, the vast majority of these fish are returned to the fishway to continue migrating upriver after sampling. The counts do not include fish that ascended the natural waterfalls or fish that passed through the fishway on non-trapping days. Some unknown-origin fish are recorded during fish counting that occurs as fish are returned directly to the fishway without handling or sampling. Data is provisional and subject to change following review and validation. http://www.ykfp.org/klickitat/Data_lyleadulttrap.htm
Willamette Falls Video Counting: Fish counting through Willamette Falls fishway occurs at the main viewing window. Video cameras and time lapsed video recorders are used to record fish passage 24 hrs/day, 365 days/year. The ODFW schedule for reviewing the tapes is Monday through Friday. It takes most of the day to accurately review one day of fish passage on tape when the counts are high.
Individual Status Reports
Bonneville Dam: Lamprey is the combined count from the fish counting windows at Bonneville, reported daily. LPS is the count from the Lamprey Passage Systems (LPS) at Bonneville. The fish counting windows and LPS are mutually exclusive. LPS are located at Bradford Island, Washington Shore and Cascades Island. LPS were opened in 2009 and counting started in June 2010. NOAA's LPS lamprey counts at Bonneville for 2011 are not available to the public until motion trigger images and data logger tallies can be compared to resolve the status of lamprey passage during data gaps and anomalous data series. This comparison is expected during the winter of 2011-12.
Mid-Columbia Lamprey: Douglas County PUD is currently planning to translocate lamprey (trapped at Priest Rapids Dam) upstream of Wells Dam for 5 years (2018-2022), and Grant County PUD is currently planning to translocate lamprey (trapped at Priest Rapids Dam) upstream of Rock Island Dam for as long as 10 years (2018-2027).
In 2018, Grant County PUD trapped 851 adult lamprey at Priest Rapids Dam and transported/released 177 of the fish upstream of Rock Island Dam. Douglas County PUD transported/released the remaining 674 lamprey upstream of Wells Dam. Therefore, the ladder counts for lamprey at Rock Island and Rocky Reach dams underestimate the actual numbers of lamprey that successfully passed both projects. The total lamprey passage for Rock Island Dam, with the translocated fish included, is 5,849 lamprey. The total lamprey passage for Rocky Reach Dam, with the translocated fish included, is 5,892 lamprey.
In 2019, Grant County PUD trapped 263 adult lamprey at Priest Rapids Dam and transported/released 111 of the fish upstream of Rock Island Dam. Douglas County PUD transported/released the remaining 152 lamprey upstream of Wells Dam. The total lamprey passage for Rock Island Dam, with the translocated fish included, is 1,330 lamprey. The total lamprey passage for Rocky Reach Dam, with the translocated fish included, is 1,058 lamprey.
Rocky Reach Dam, June 8-9, 2005: Video was lost at Rocky Reach Dam from 1751 hours on 8 June and was not returned to operation until 0729 hours on 9 June. As a result, the adult passage counts at Rocky Reach Dam are incomplete for both days.
Tumwater Dam: Some video counts between 8/22/2011 9:19am to 9/05/2011 9:36am and between 9/23/2011 11:28am to 10/19/2011 7:52pm were not recorded, so passage counts during this period remain incomplete. Spring Chinook daily counts from 8/1/2011 - 9/15/2011 were adjusted to reflect know fallbacks from PIT tag analysis (M.Hughes, pers. com.).
Missing video counts: 7/27/12-7/30/12, 12/05/12-12/07/12, 12/17/12-12/21/12, and 12/29/12-01/01/13. Passage counts during these periods remain incomplete. Estimated sockeye passage during 2012: 66,520 fish. This run escapement includes an estimate for the number of sockeye that passed Tumwater during periods of missing video. Contact Travis Maitland for additional information pertaining to sockeye run escapement (WDFW, Wenatchee District Office, 509-665-3337).
Wanapum Dam, 2014:There were no adult passage fish counts at Wanapum Dam in 2014 due to a fracture discovered on the spillway in February 2014. The Reservoir elevation was lowered to reduce stress on the structure. The lowered reservoir made the regular fish ladder facilities and counting equipment inoperable. GCPUD was able to make modifications for fish passage at the dam, but a count was not taken at the dam.
Wells Dam, Lamprey Research, 2007-2008: The Lamprey adult passage counts at Wells Dam are not reflective of actual run size during 2007-2008. Trapping, monitoring, and research efforts at Wells Dam artificially lowered the passage numbers for Lamprey; i.e., more fish would have passed without tagging and trapping efforts.
Willamette Falls: The Willamette Falls fish ladder was not operational on the following dates: 11/29/2005-12/1/2005, 12/6/2005-12/8/2005, 12/13/2005-12/14/2005, 8/26/2008-9/21/2008, 8/23/2010-8/27/2010.
Zosel Dam
Zosel Dam 2017 data notes.
In 2017, the Zosel Dam video system did not begin operating until August 21, 2017, when the spillway gates were finally lowered and fish resumed full use of the fishways. Therefore, all of the steelhead run and the peak of the sockeye run were not counted in 2017. Gates were open: March 23, 2017 through August 21, 2017.
In 2016, the Zosel Dam video system did not begin operating until June 1, 2016, when the spillway gates were finally lowered and fish resumed full use of the fishways. Therefore, most of the steelhead run was not counted in 2016. Gates were open: April 8, 2016 through June 1, 2016.
In 2015, the Zosel Dam video system began operating on March 11, 2015, when the spillway gates were finally lowered and fish resumed full use of the fishways. Most of the steelhead run was counted in 2015 but counts may have been affected when gates were open from March 23, 2015 through April 3, 2015 and May 22, 2015 through June 10, 2015.
In 2014, the Zosel Dam video system did not begin operating until June 5, 2014, when the spillway gates were finally lowered and fish resumed full use of the fishways. Therefore, most of the steelhead run was not counted in 2014. Gates were open: February 15, 2014 through April 7, 2014 and May 3, 2014 through June 5, 2014.
Zosel Dam 2011 - 2013 data notes.
The Zosel Dam spillway gates were opened to allow for spring runoff during the periods of
May 7, 2011 through August 7; 2011;
April 26, 2012 through August 9, 2012;
and May 4, 2013 through July 20, 2013;
during which, an unknown number of salmonids may have passed through the spillway undetected by the video system.
Equipment failure resulted in a loss of data from the right bank ladder (half of the sampling area at Zosel Dam, WA) August 25th through October 31.
Linear regression was used to estimate the missed number of sockeye passing through the right bank ladder during the time data were lost (see Miller, BM, JL Panther, and JA Arterburn. 2010. 2010 Annual Report. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Indian Reservation, Omak, WA. located at http://www.cctobmep.com/media/files/2010_OBMEP_Annual_Report.pdf)
No steelhead were observed in the left bank ladder during the time of equipment failure; therefore, no estimated number of missed steelhead were generated. Steelhead do not typically pass Zosel Dam during the time equipment failed.
A relatively small number of Chinook were observed during the time of equipment failure, and it was not possible to use linear regression analysis to predict missed numbers of fish. Using the proportion of sockeye passing on the left versus the right bank ladders, potentially 127 Chinook passed the right bank ladder during the time equipment failed. However, there is no certainty associated with this number, therefore this estimate was not included in the total number of Chinook reported for 2010.
Zosel Dam estimated 2008 adult sockeye passage counts missed due to equipment malfunction.
15 May 12:00 - 20 May 12:00 = 0
17 Jul 00:00 - 18 Jul 19:00 = 6678
09 Aug 10:00 - 12 Aug 12:00 = 649
31 Aug 00:00 - 04 Sep 10:00 = 570
Total Missed Sockeye count = 7897
Initial 2008 Sockeye count = 77533
Revised 2008 Sockeye count = 85430
At this time, missed sockeye counts are not reflected in query results.
USACE Data Disclaimer: These data are furnished with the understanding that the Corps of Engineers makes no warranties concerning the accuracy, reliability, or suitability of the data for any particular purpose.
Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project Data: Historical daily counts for Roza Dam for the years 1940-1967 and 1982-1985 were obtained and loaded from data provided courtesy of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Yakima office. In years where daily counts are not available, the Yakama Nation has provided weekly counts with data assigned to an arbitrary day in the week for which counts are available. This is the case for Prosser Dam for the years 1983-1991 and for Roza Dam for the years 1986-1990. [Text from the Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project web page, http://ykfp.org/adultcounts.htm.]
Tumwater Dam: Adult passage data for Tumwater Dam is the combination of released counts, referring to fish passed upstream of the dam and allowed to spawn naturally, and collected counts, referring to fish retained for hatchery broodstock. The Chinook adult passage counts are the sum of hatchery spring, hatchery summer, wild spring, and wild summer chinook as reported by WDFW and Chelan PUD. The Jack Chinook adult passage counts are the sum of hatchery spring, hatchery summer, wild spring, and wild summer jack chinook as reported by WDFW and Chelan PUD.
Adult Passage Glossary
Chinook Run
Chinook runs (referring to the season when adults migrate upstream) are based on run schedules by project as established by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project. Sp = Spring, Su = Summer, Fa = Fall
This field represents the total number of adult chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) counted at the dam (project). This includes only fish judged to be fully mature (age 3 to 5). This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
Chinook 10 year average
This field represents the calendar day 10 year average for adult chinook.1
Jack Chinook
This field represents subadult but reproductively mature chinook counted at the dam. Jacks return after one year in the ocean, two to three years before typical adults. The fraction of the population that returns early may be fairly constant, which means that jack counts could give an indication of how strong the adult return will be in two or three years. USACE designates jack chinook salmon as fish between 12 and 22 inches in length. Salmonids under 12 inches in length are not identified as to species. This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
Jack Chinook 10 year average
This field represents the calendar day 10 year average for jack chinook.1
This field represents the total count of adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), both wild and hatchery. A few steelhead adults may spawn and survive to return to the ocean, unlike other salmonid stocks. The Steelhead field includes both hatchery and wild counts. Prior to 1995, wild steelhead data was not published on a daily basis. This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
Steelhead 10 year average
This field represents the calendar day 10 year average for steelhead.1
Steelhead Wild
This field represents adult wild steelhead (subset of the Steelhead field) and may include unmarked hatchery fish. Prior to 1995, wild steelhead data was not published on a daily basis. The wild steelhead column (SthdW) is a subset of the total steelhead column (Sthd). This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
Adult sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) typically return to spawn after spending two or more years in the ocean; their counts are represented in this field. This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
Sockeye 10 year average
This field represents the calendar day 10 year average for sockeye.1
This field represents the total number of adult coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) observed at the dam; only mature individuals are counted in this field. This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
Jack Coho
This field represents the total number of jack coho, usually two-year-old, returning early to the river. USACE designates jack coho salmon as fish between 12 and 18 inches in length. Salmonids under 12 inches in length are not identified as to species. This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
Coho 10 year average
This field represents the calendar day 10 year average for coho.1
This field represents total counts of adult shad (Alosa sapidissima). Shad were introduced on this coast in 1871 and have since become quite abundant; they support a substantial fishery in their native habitat on the east coast of North America. This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
This field represents total counts of lamprey. This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
Bulltrout
This field represents total counts of adult bulltrout. Bulltrout daily is currently reported at three projects in the Upper Columbia region: Rock Island, Rocky Reach, and Wells. This field is the daily total passage count for the Graphics & Text and Composite query types, the monthly total passage count for the Monthly Summary query type, and the annual total passage count for the Annual Summary query type.
River Environment Glossary
Barometric Pressure is atmospheric pressure at the site, given in mm Hg. It represents an average of hourly measures. Barometric Pressure is measured at Water Quality Monitoring stations in the forebay and tailrace of most projects (see Data Sites Map) and other key locations in the basin. Prior to 1995, the data are from a variety of sources within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Dissolved Gas
Dissolved gas is a measure of the pressure of dissolved gas in the water column. When spillway water plunges into the tailrace nitrogen is forced into the water at higher than normal levels. This condition, called supersaturation, occurs when dissolved gas pressure in the water actually exceeds the atmospheric pressure. The dissolved gas value represents a daily average of hourly meeasures within the range of 600-900 mmHg and is derived from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers gas monitoring efforts. Often collected at irregular intervals, this parameter may be missing values for one or more days, or reported values may be obviously incorrect. Dissolved Gas is measured at Water Quality Monitoring stations in the forebay and tailrace of most projects (see Data Sites Map) and other key locations in the basin. Prior to 1995, the data are from a variety of sources within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Dissolved Gas Percent
Gas percent reflects the degree of total dissolved gas supersaturation in the river at the given location. Gas percent is the daily mean of hourly observations. When gas pressure is exactly the same as the atmospheric pressure, the water is considered to be 100% saturated. If the gas pressure value is higher than atmospheric pressure, gas percent values rise above 100%. Daily averages are calculated from hourly values within the range of 90% to 200%. Gas percent data is often found to be quite noisy due to rapid fluctuations in spill volumes and atmospheric pressures. Dissolved Gas Percent is measured at Water Quality Monitoring stations in the forebay and tailrace of most projects (see Data Sites Map) and other key locations in the basin. Prior to 1995, the data are from a variety of sources within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Elevation is given in feet above mean sea level and is a daily average of hourly measures. At most sites this will change less than a fraction of a foot over normal operations. Elevation is measured in the forebay of a project.
Elevation 10 Year Average
Daily average of elevation for a selected 10 year range. For each month and day, the data is summed for the selected 10 years and divided by the number of non-null data points available during that 10 year span.
Inflow measurements represent the 24-hour average of hourly measures, reported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Inflow is given in kcfs, thousands of cubic feet per second.
Outflow measurements represent the 24-hour average of hourly measures, reported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Outflow is given in kcfs, thousands of cubic feet per second. This represents the total outflow at any project, including spill and fish ladder flow.
Outflow 10 Year Average
Daily average of outflow for a selected 10 year range. For each month and day, the data is summed for the selected 10 years and divided by the number of non-null data points available during that 10 year span.
Spill also is given as a daily average of 24 hourly measures taken by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It is also given in kcfs.
Spill 10 Year Average
Daily average of spill for a selected 10 year range. For each month and day, the data is summed for the selected 10 years and divided by the number of non-null data points available during that 10 year span.
Spill Percent
Spill Percent is calculated by DART from the daily averaged value for Spill divided by the daily averaged value for Outflow at a project.
Temperature (Scroll Case)
Temperature (Scroll Case) is water temperature in degrees Celsius. This data is measured at the scroll case (part of the powerhouse) at a project. If provided values are in Fahrenheit, they are converted to Celsius. Temperature records are typically not collected outside the salmon migration season, so they are not usually 365 days long. Values above 0 C and below 35 C are averaged for a daily value.
Temperature (Scroll Case) 10 Year Average
Daily average of scroll case temperature for a selected 10 year range. For each month and day, the data is summed for the selected 10 years and divided by the number of non-null data points available during that 10 year span.
Temperature (WQM)
Temperature (WQM) is water temperature in degrees Celsius. This data is measured at Water Quality Monitoring stations in the forebay and tailrace of most projects (see Data Sites Map) and other key locations in the basin. Temperature records are typically not collected outside the salmon migration season, so they are not usually 365 days long. Daily averages are calculated from hourly values above 0 C and below 35 C. Temperature at water quality monitoring stations was not collected prior to 1995.
Temperature (WQM) 10 Year Average
Daily average of water quality monitor temperature for a selected 10 year range. For each month and day, the data is summed for the selected 10 years and divided by the number of non-null data points available during that 10 year span.
Turbidity measures the water clarity, and by inference, the amount of particulate matter present. Turbidity is measured in the forebay or in the fish ladders of a project. Turbidity is reported in feet and measured with a Secchi Disk. In general, the Secchi disk is a 20 cm circular black and white plate. The Secchi disk is attached to a calibrated line and lowered into the water to the depth at which it disappears. The disk is then lifted until it reappears. The arithmetic mean of the two depths is considered the Secchi disk transparency or limit of visibility.
Calculating 10 Year Averages
The 10 Year Averages are calculated by DART for each calendar day of data at each project. For the current year and any given project/month/day, the data from the previous 10 years on that calendar day is summed and divided by the number of non-null data points available. Calendar day averaging was chosen because, historically, data observations begin on a specific calendar day. Calendar day averaging gives different results than day of year averaging.