text:
Heisman winner's speech leads to over $100,000 in donations for Ohio families in poverty
Posted 12:41 pm, December 16, 2019, by CNNwire, Updated at 12:42PM, December 16, 2019
(CNN) –As he accepted the coveted Heisman trophy, LSU quarterback Joe Burrow addressed the children in his hometown of Athens, Ohio, where thousands of residents live in poverty.
Burrow struggled to speak, holding back tears as he spoke about the children in his community who go hungry.
"Coming from southeast Ohio, it's a very impoverished area and the poverty rate is almost two times the national average," he said in his acceptance speech Saturday. "There's so many people there that don't have a lot. And I'm up here for all those kids in Athens and Athens County that go home to not a lot of food on the table, hungry after school. You guys can be up here, too."
In a matter of hours, the unassuming Appalachian town — home to Ohio University — was launched to national attention, inspiring Athens resident Will Drabold to create a fundraiser for the thousands of residents living under the poverty line.
NEW YORK, NY – DECEMBER 14: Quarterback Joe Burrow of the LSU Tigers winner of the 85th annual Heisman Memorial Trophy poses for photos on December 14, 2019 at the Marriott Marquis in New York City. (Photo by Adam Hunger/Getty Images)
In just a day, the fundraiser was inundated with donations and quickly shot past its original $50,000 goal. The organizer later updated the goal to $100,000, which was met within hours.
Drabold continues to raise the goal as donations fly in. As of 11:30 a.m. on Monday, $116,00 of the new $150,000 goal has been raised.
AP: All-America teams dominated by LSU, Ohio State
"Let's answer Joey's call to action by supporting a local nonprofit that serves food to more than 5,000 households in Athens County each year," the fundraiser page says.
The nonprofit that puts food on Athens County tables
The donations will go to the Athens County Food Pantry, which says it serves over 3,400 meals a week to residents in need.
The pantry also gives bags and boxes of food to Athens families, including non-perishables like pasta, beans, and canned vegetables, and it hands out fresh produce when it can.
About 30% of the county's population lives below the poverty line, according to an Ohio poverty report released in February. It is among the poorest counties in the state, all of which are in the Appalachian region.
The nonprofit has identified a number of factors leading to such a high poverty rate, including unemployment and underemployment, lack of reliable transportation and high housing and utility costs.
Ohio State QB Justin Fields, DE Chase Young compete for 85th Heisman Trophy Award
Topics: joe burrow
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BONUS: Enola's Wake (or, How I Learned to Start Worrying and Stop Justifying the Bomb)
War is always a defeat for humanity. On the 76th anniversary of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, singer-songwriter Kevin Heider takes us on a sonic trip through history as he reflects on the morality of nuclear war. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Beauty & Pain (feat. Count the Leaves)
Pain is unavoidable in this life. For those who experience it more than others, is freedom possible? Hong Kong-based singer-songwriter, Count the Leaves, ponders this question in her hopeful tune "Elephant." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
To A Girl I'll Never See Again (feat. Chris Cole)
Some people leave lasting impressions. Why some stick with us while others fade remains a mystery. Singer-songwriter Chris Cole dives into the romance of it all in his song "Mercedes." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
A Justice Song (feat. Jenny & Tyler)
It's a beautiful thing when art goes to work for the common good, to keep the flame of our collective conscience burning. Jenny & Tyler's anthemic "Waters Roll" is powerful cry for justice. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Who We Are Is On the Line (feat. Merlot Embargo)
Making the most of the time we're given. Overcoming the fears that keep us from trying. Staying true to who we are. These themes are at the heart of Merlot Embargo's infectious pop anthem "One Day." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Every Age I've Ever Been (feat. Denison Witmer)
Reflecting on our most formative experiences is an essential part of the growth process. Denison Witmer's "San Francisco" is a moving tribute to the passage of time and the places that remain in our memory long after we've left them. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
BONUS: The Homeless & The Pandemic
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we wanted to have an honest conversation with Michael Vanderburgh (executive director of the St. Vincent de Paul Society of Dayton, Ohio) about the struggles of serving the homeless during a global health crisis. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
When Love Is A Storm (feat. Sarah Kroger)
Every relationship has highs and lows. Sometimes love feels like a dream — sometimes it's a storm. Sarah Kroger's beautiful song "I Choose You" lends an honest and hopeful voice to the ups, the downs, and the daily choices we make to stand in love. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
All We Have Known (feat. Tyler Hook)
Someday all we have known will come to an end. As sobering as this reality may be, it hasn't stamped out man's search for meaning or our desire to love and be loved. In the midst of all the uncertainty, Tyler Hook's "Let's Go" is an invitation to hope. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Despite All the Hurt (feat. Kevin Heider)
There's a lot of hurt in this world. How do we navigate the pain and uncertainty wrought by the impermanence of all things? In this flipped episode, Marie Miller interviews our host, Kevin Heider, about his song "Down by the Sycamore Tree," a moving narrative about grief and loss. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
BONUS: Springsteen & Me (From Nebraska to Ohio)
Upon the release of his new album "Ohio," Kevin Heider walks us through his journey into Springsteen's music. As the Heider family home video archives prove, the roots run deep. "Ohio" is available now on iTunes, Apple Music, Spotify, and more. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Our Homeland (feat. Marie Miller)
Home is a place we sometimes have to leave to find. It's everything we long for. And it's worth fighting for. Marie Miller's boot-stomping anthem about returning to our "Homeland" is imbued with an infectious hope. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
So Much Love to Give (feat. James & the Drifters)
There are things in this world that we can't control. Everyone experiences loss and insecurity. This is why we need each other. In their latest single "Tides," James & the Drifters showcase a cool indie new wave vibe to remind us that we all have so much love to give. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
The Battle (feat. Jimmy Mitchell)
Some stories are told without words. In his original musical compositions, Jimmy Mitchell paints with pianos and strings to separate light from darkness, to tell the story of "The Battle" that rages around and within us all. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Introductionseason two
Season Two Intro: My Sweet Elinore
In this delightful introduction to season two, our host (singer-songwriter Kevin Heider) sits down with his daughter to discuss her love of music. It concludes with an acoustic in-studio performance of an unreleased song. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
BONUS: Learning to Lament w/ Wendell Kimbrough
Artists evolve. They're always growing, changing, and challenging themselves creatively. As he learns to lament and let go, Wendell Kimbrough's latest album ("Come to Me") reflects the evolution of his artistry and his person. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Two Ways To Be Worthless (feat. Wendell Kimbrough)
We all get by with a little help from our friends. Sometimes their love is tender — sometimes it's tough. In his clever throwback tune "Two Ways To Be Worthless," Wendell Kimbrough playfully explores the tougher side of love. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
BONUS: A Slow Burn w/ Ike Ndolo
Ike Ndolo's latest album ("Shine") is a unique experience from start to finish. He tells us a lot more about what went into it in this bonus episode. We also talk about live performance, evolving as artists, fan feedback, dancing, Ike's quasi-fetish with beautiful hands, and more! LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
The Brother On the Outside (feat. Ike Ndolo)
Life is a symphony. We all have a part to play. While questions of identity and purpose are universal to the human experience, the color of a person's skin is a formative detail. Ike Ndolo shares his story as a brother on the outside in "Your Table." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
You Never Said Goodbye (feat. Sister Sinjin)
Death is the primordial fact of life. And yet, it seems easier sometimes for the dying to accept death than for the living to accept loss. In a moving homage to those who have passed, the women of Sister Sinjin say "Goodbye" in their own beautiful way. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Someone to Bury Me (feat. Uptown Boys Choir)
Fresh air and clarity. We all need it, especially amid the pursuit of love. Uptown Boys Choir puts a delightfully self-deprecating spin on the classic love song in "Bury Me," an indie pop vitamin full of good vibrations. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Mile Marker 154 (feat. Jacqui Treco)
It's amazing how memories unfold. In the blink of an eye, entire scenes and seasons of life re-play themselves in our minds. Jacqui Treco remembers with gratitude in "Genevieve," a moving tribute to unrepeatable love. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
There's No Place Like Home (feat. Dawson Hollow)
There's no place like home. But what does "home" even mean? That's the question at the heart of Dawson Hollow's triumphant indie-rock epic "Take Me There." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Fighting for the Wrong Side (feat. Scott Mulvahill)
Love is a battlefield. When the fog of war starts to dissipate and the smoke rolls back, that's when we begin to see more clearly. Scott Mulvahill ponders this part of love and relationships in "Fighting for the Wrong Side." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Humans Helping Humans (feat. Michelle Mandico)
Our best bet in times of trouble is our relationships — our ability to serve and help others. Singer-songwriter Michelle Mandico appeals to empathy in her captivating "Water Bearer." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
The Ache of the Decision (feat. Mike Mangione)
Some decisions alter the course of our lives in dramatic ways. And those decisions are often accompanied by an ache, a feeling of desperation: Should I go forward? Should I turn back? Should I start over? Mike Mangione gives the ache atmosphere in his riveting "At Your Gate." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Burn Down Your Cage (feat. Year of the Buffalo)
We've all got cages that we long to escape from. We've all experienced the weight of worldly expectations, self-doubt, and seasons of discontent. Collaborative duo Year of the Buffalo takes us on a musical adventure in their song "Leo" to let us know that breaking free is possible. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
I Won't Soon Forget (feat. Patrick Mahon)
There are places that stick with us, places we'll remember all our lives. Patrick Mahon's "Allegheny" takes us on a beautiful retreat to one such place in rural Pennsylvania. It's a song and a trip we won't soon forget. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
When Did We Get This Way? (feat. Maria Price)
Grief runs on its own clock. And everyone processes it differently. Shame, regret, and that endless barrage of what-if scenarios can make dealing with loss all the more difficult. Maria Price faces it all head-on in her beautiful, honest, and soulful "This Way." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
No Will That's Free (feat. Derek Webb)
An essential issue of our time is the relationship between men and their machines. When it comes to technology, are you in control? How free is your will? Derek Webb's "I Feel Everything" explores this terrain within the context of a nuanced and uniquely creative morality tale. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
The Price of a Memory (feat. Rebecca Roubion)
Everything gets questioned when a relationship ends. Decisions are second-guessed; movement and growth can seem impossible. Rebecca Roubion embraces the necessary sadness of it all in her heartbreakingly honest and beautiful song "Cripple Me." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
It's a Beautiful Life (feat. David Wimbish of The Collection)
It's easy to dwell on chaos and pain, to process the heavy things and lose hold of our joy. But David Wimbish has learned that sometimes we need to slow down, be present, and rest in the slow turn of the earth. Hope is the lens of his "Beautiful Life." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
A Forest Full of Second Chances (feat. Alanna Boudreau)
Making sense of our messes can be difficult. So Alanna Boudreau looks to the ephemerality of the seasons for hope. In our debut episode, we discuss this gifted songwriter's "Controlled Burn." LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Introductionseason one
A Brief Introduction & A Piece of Maria
Song & Story officially launches on Tuesday, April 10th. This introductory episode explores songwriting, storytelling, music, and art, and offers insight into the inspiration and origin of this podcast. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD
Introductionseason zero
This brief introduction provides all the necessary information for Song & Story's official launch date (April 10th), release schedule, and format without offering much else in terms of substance. For a much more interesting and comprehensive introduction, see: A Brief Introduction & A Piece of Maria. LISTEN / DOWNLOAD

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to check Lat Long is within particular City? I want to check whether my lat long belongs to particular city or not.
I am receiving my lat and long from placeAutoComplete.IntentBuilder
try {
  Intent intent = new PlaceAutocomplete.IntentBuilder(PlaceAutocomplete.MODE_FULLSCREEN)
    .setBoundsBias(new LatLngBounds(
      new LatLng(Double.valueOf(18.5204), Double.valueOf(73.8567)),
      new LatLng(Double.valueOf(18.5204), Double.valueOf(73.8567))))
    .build(CheckOut.this);

  startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
} catch (GooglePlayServicesRepairableException e) {
  // TODO: Handle the error.
} catch (GooglePlayServicesNotAvailableException e) {
  // TODO: Handle the error.
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
  if (requestCode == 1) {
    if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
      Place place = PlaceAutocomplete.getPlace(this, data);
      Log.i("place", "Place: " + place.getLatLng());
      LatLng placeLatLong= place.getLatLng();
      user_lat = String.valueOf(placeLatLong.latitude);
      user_long = String.valueOf(placeLatLong.longitude);
      tvAddress2Popup.setText(String.valueOf(place.getName()));
    } else if (resultCode == PlaceAutocomplete.RESULT_ERROR) {
      Status status = PlaceAutocomplete.getStatus(this, data);
      // TODO: Handle the error.
      Log.i("", status.getStatusMessage());
    } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
      // The user canceled the operation.
    }
  }
}

please give me solution

A: I think you may try below google api,you will get all the particular place details
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/details/json?placeid=xxxx&key=APi_key

A: You can find out city name and detail using Reverse Geocoding http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/geocoding/#ReverseGeocoding.
Or you can use google apis to find out all detail using Latitude and Longitude
http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?latlng=26.8432779,77.8027763&sensor=true
After checked this you may find out solutions.

A:

Geocoder geocoder;
List<Address> addresses;
geocoder = new Geocoder(this, Locale.getDefault());

addresses = geocoder.getFromLocation(latitude, longitude, 1);
String address = addresses.get(0).getAddressLine(0);
String city = addresses.get(0).getLocality();
String state = addresses.get(0).getAdminArea();
String country = addresses.get(0).getCountryName();
String postal_Code = addresses.get(0).getPostalCode();
String Name = addresses.get(0).getFeatureName();

A: you can simply check like this
String latitudeStr = String.valueOf(address.getLatitude());
                latitudeStr = latitudeStr.substring ( latitudeStr.indexOf ( "." ) );

                String longitudeStr = String.valueOf(address.getLongitude());
                longitudeStr = longitudeStr.substring ( longitudeStr.indexOf ( "." ) );

                if(latitudeStr.length()>=8) {

                //this is city
                }

by this you can get the city lat long ..

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Received the other day the book I ordered, The Courage to Heal Book 20th Anniversary Edition of the Classic. My my my is that a thick book.
I have looked at the contents which are broken down in five parts, (Taking Stock & Taking Care; The Healing Process; Changing Patterns; For Supporters for Survivors; and Courageous Women) and snuck a peek at some of the powerful testimonies from other survivors.
The book appears to definitely have a compassionate side to it as it walks you through each step at a time and also a very rawness, right down to the bone, leaving nothing unsaid.
Naturally, I will know and understand more the process once I begin to read it. This book will give me more insight into my abuse, but my dependence will remain on my Lord for my totally healing.
Like with the Boundaries book, I will probably share some insights with you all in future posts.
Praying for you sweetie as you begin to study this book, keep leaning totally on the Lord.
Thank you Denise and Paula. Looks like a very intense book.
Glad the book arrived safely. Take it at your own speed.
Roan thank you for thinking of me. Much appreciated.
Stuck will do! Thank you.
Thank you for the reassurance Stevie!
I hope you find comfort and are blessed. Yes, of course, God is our helper and healer. I look forward to hearing about what blesses you.
Morning to you Hope. Thanks for your encouragement.
I loved this book. Warning, don't try to read it all immediately or you'll be overwhelmed. Take it slow.
I hope the book is beneficial to you. All the best. God Bless.
Thank you for the advice, YaYa!
Everything happens in God's perfect time. It must be the time for you to start this book.
If it's happening, it's God's will.
Love you and may God bless and keep you as you continue your journey of healing in this way - with this book.
Sarah and Rhonda, thank you for your input on the book. Appreciate the excitement from you all. Probably will end up taking in as much as I can.
PG-Yes, no denying God "perfect plan." Thank you for the continued encouragment.
Praying for you. GOD will reveal to you the perfect time to begin this new journey of healing.
Shadow, thank you for the encouraging words. Look forward to my freedom!
Andrea, thank you dear one for your uplifting words.
You are right, that is one big Book!
Be patient and kind with yourself as you read it.
I believed that God helped that book come to me when it did. I am sure now that he has brought it to you also!
Pray for God's provision. He will let you finish reading that book if its on His will. God bless you.
I hope this book gives you excellent guidance, with God's help and inspiration. Don't forget, though, that the best answers are already in your heart.
I am so grateful that you have this book to help you through the healing process. I can't wait to hear what wonderful insights you will gain.
If you recommend it when you're done reading, I will buy for my precious niece.
JBR, I'm interested to hear your thoughts as you work your way through this "healing book". I have bothe the "book" and the "workbook", I did some of the work, about 6 months ago, but haven't been in a place to do anything since.
I reposted the video it's working now!!
Praying that this book will bless you and encourage you in many ways. God bless.
Grace, be more than happy to share!
Madison, thank you will certainly find out.
Rcubes, Vicki,H2H. Sylvia and Ardy, thank you for your comments.
Hello, just wanted to stop by and leave a comment to say that I Love your wonderful blog, thanks for such interesting and enlightening posts and pictures.
Elise, appreciate the comment. Thank you for stopping by!
That was the first book I started working with on my own recovery. I like the advice you've gotten here and I echo it: take it slow. Blessings to you as you do this work.
Marj, thanks for the visit dear one and advice.


text:
Geeky · Entertainment | Film
Godzilla vs. King Kong movie coming soon, likely headed to streaming release
By Argie Aguja Published Nov 27, 2020 4:38 am
Godzilla and King Kong are two of the most iconic beasts to ever grace the world of comics, television and film. In their own separate film franchises, they battled other monsters and the futile efforts of humanity to drive them into extinction.
Now, imagine an epic battle involving these two massive creatures, each unleashing its own ferocity toward the other. Who would you be rooting for?
Reports have surfaced that a Godzilla vs. King Kong movie is coming soon and that two powerful media entities are fighting for the rights to release the film internationally.
Entertainment website Deadline has just revealed that Netflix made a $200M offer to release the movie in the streaming service. But Warner Media blocked it and is now in talks with Legendary to take the feature film to rival streamer HBO Max. Warner has a 25 percent stake in the movie, while Legendary has 75 percent.
Should the deal with HBO Max prove successful, the upcoming Godzilla vs. King Kong film will have a streaming release as well as a theatrical premiere component, similar to the studio's experiment with Wonder Woman 1984.
The report also quoted a Warner Bros. spokesperson saying, "We plan to release Godzilla vs. King Kong theatrically next year as scheduled." The tentative date being eyed falls on May 21, 2021, the frame before Memorial Day weekend in the US.
Monster flicks have been a major cash machine for Legendary, earning well in the box office. Godzilla (2004) netted $524.9M, Kong: Skull Island (2017) hauled $566.6M, while Godzilla: King of Monsters (2019) churned $386.6M. In the Chinese box office, all three grossed a combined $1.478 billion.
The upcoming Godzilla vs. King Kong is the fourth film in Legendary's "Monster Universe."
Here's a quick synopsis:
In a time when monsters walk the Earth, humanity's fight for its future sets Godzilla and Kong on a collision course that will set the two most powerful forces of nature on the planet collide in a spectacular battle for the ages. As Monarch embarks on a perilous mission into uncharted terrain and unearths clues to the Titan's origins, a human conspiracy threatens to wipe the creatures, both good and bad, from the face of the Earth forever.
Adam Wingard directed the cross-over movie, with a star-studded international cast composed of Millie Bobby Brown, Bryan Tyree Henry, Rebecca Hall, Julian Dennison, Danai Gurira, Jessica Henwick, Alexander Skarsgard, Shun Oguri, Eiza Gonzalez, Kyle Chandler, Demian Bichir, Van Marten and Zhang Ziyi.
TAGS: Millie Bobby Brown Godzilla Jessica Henwick King Kong Godzilla vs. King Kong Bryan Tyree Henry Rebecca Hall Julian Dennison Danai Gurira Alexander Skarsgard Shun Oguri Eiza Gonzalez Kyle Chandler Demian Bichir Van Marten Zhang Ziyi
Argie Aguja
Argie is a professional wordsmith by day and a closet otaku at night. In between RTS and FPS games on weekends, he scours metro thrift shops in search of history books.


Kristen is responsible for the customer experience, ensuring all functions of the organization are aligned to deliver superior products and services to EDR's customers.
Most recently, Kristen was the head of Human Resources for LogicSource, a leading consulting, technology and managed services firm, where she also spent several years leading enterprise-wide sourcing & procurement engagements for major national brands as one of the company's top account directors. Kristen previously held leadership roles at Oriental Trading Company and Meridian Advertising.
Kristen holds an MBA from Bellevue University and a Bachelor's Degree from the University of Nebraska at Omaha.


text:
Hautesvignes ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Lot-et-Garonne in der Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (vor 2016: Aquitanien). Die Gemeinde gehört zum Arrondissement Marmande und zum Kanton Tonneins (bis 2015: Kanton Marmande-Est).

Der Namen leitet sich vom lateinischen altis vineis ab und weist auf die geografische Lage des Dorfes und den Anbau von Wein hin.

Die Einwohner werden Hautesvignais und Hautesvignaises genannt.

Geographie
Hautesvignes liegt ca. 15 km südöstlich von Marmande in der historischen Provinz Agenais.

Umgeben wird Hautesvignes von den fünf Nachbargemeinden:

Hautesvignes liegt im Einzugsgebiet des Flusses Garonne.

Die Canaule, ein Nebenfluss des Trec de la Greffière, durchquert das Gebiet der Gemeinde zusammen mit ihren Nebenflüssen,
 der Croze und
 dem Rieucaud mit seinem Nebenfluss,
 dem Ruisseau de Picanty, der in Hautesvignes entspringt.

Außerdem entspringen in Hautesvignes zwei Nebenflüsse des Tolzac, der Ruisseau de Chavignac und der Ruisseau de Barboutan.

Geschichte
Archäologische Untersuchungen ergaben eine Besiedelung des Landstrichs spätestens seit der Spätantike. Eine kreuzförmige Fibel aus Bronze datiert aus dieser Epoche.

Im Jahre 1303 gründete der englische König Eduard I. die Bastide von Hautesvignes. Das Dorf erstreckte sich auf dem Grund einer Motte aus dem 11. oder 12. Jahrhundert. Allerdings ging die Entwicklung der Bastide nicht voran und so behielt Hautesvignes den dörflichen Charakter.

Im Jahre 1621 verfolgte der französische König Ludwig XIII. eine Kampagne gegen die Protestanten. Bevor er die Dörfer Clairac und Tonneins belagern wollte, hielt er sich für eine kurze Zeit auf der Burg von Hautesvignes auf.

Einwohnerentwicklung
Nach Beginn der Aufzeichnungen stieg die Einwohnerzahl bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts auf einen Höchststand von 490. In der Folgezeit sank die Größe der Gemeinde bei kurzen Erholungsphasen bis zu den 1970er Jahren auf rund 100 Einwohner, bevor eine Phase mit moderatem Wachstum einsetzte, die heute noch anhält.

Sehenswürdigkeiten

Pfarrkirche Saint-Etienne-de-Bernac
Ihre ursprünglichen Fundamente reichen vermutlich mindestens bis in das 13. Jahrhundert zurück, als Hautesvignes erstmals erwähnt wurde. Im 16. Jahrhundert wurde die Kirche teilweise neu gebaut, nachdem sie von protestantischen Truppen beschädigt worden war. Gegen 1763 wurde der Glockenturm neu erbaut. Gegen 1871 wurde die Kirche erneut zu einem großen Teil neu gebaut und mit einem Kreuzrippengewölbe ausgestattet. Das Pfarrhaus wurde an der Wende vom 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert an der Westseite angebaut. Das Bauwerk wurde 1910 in Teilen als Monument historique eingeschrieben.

Ruinen der mittelalterlichen Motte
Die Motte befindet sich im Weiler Lamouthe und datiert aus dem 11. oder 12. Jahrhundert. Ihre Kirche Saint-Michel-de-Malbourguet diente bis zum Jahre 1707 als Zweigkirche, verfiel aber in der Folgezeit. Der heutige Bauernhof nutzt die Wohn- und Nebengebäude aus dem 18. Jahrhundert.

Burgruine
Sie wurde 1279 erstmals erwähnt. Der mittlere Mauerwerksverband stammt aus dem 13. oder 14. Jahrhundert. Gegen 1940 wurde die Burg zerstört.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur

Verkehr
Hautesvignes wird von der Route départementale 299 durchquert, die die Gemeinde im Westen über Gontaud-de-Nogaret mit Marmande verbindet.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Nouvelle-Aquitaine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Kids respond very well to Vibraject. Some give it nicknames like "The buzzy thing." We may introduce "The Buzzy Thing" to your child during her first three visits. We let the her hold the Vibraject and get used to the noise and vibration of the device.
Digital X-rays are a lot faster to take than traditional film x-rays. The images can be viewed immediately as there is no need to "develop" the x-rays (as you would with film). Due to this, there is no chemical processing needed, which makes them easier on the environment!
Each treatment room is equipped with a personal TV with headsets with various channels to choose from. We want you to be totally relaxed and entertained during your appointment!
Intraoral Camera – So You Can See For Yourself What's Going on!
We want you to be totally informed before making decisions about dental treatment. The Intraoral camera is a valuable diagnostic and patient education tool.
It can give you a visual, guided "tour" of your mouth, that is then displayed on a TV or computer screen situated right above you. You will be able to see exactly what we see, and we can better walk you through our treatment recommendations.
© Pure Dental Arts. All rights reserved.


text:
Q: Combine from multiple columns I have two tables like this:
  New_Customer     Order_Id     Invoice
  Aaron            5             5
  John             56            44
  --------------------------
  Old_Customers    Order_Id     Ticket_Num
  Casey            44            11
  Jonathan          1            4

What I want?
  All_Customers    All_Order_Ids
  Aaron            5
  John             56
  Casey            44
  Jonathan         1

Could I get the union of both of these columns only (without the other columns) with one select statement?
I tried
   select tb1.New_Customer union tb2.Old_Customers as All_Customers, tb1.Order_Id union tb2.Order_Id as All_Order_Ids;

But I get a error in syntax issue. Could someone tell me what I am doing wrong?

A: Perform a UNION of 2 select statements with the column aliases presented in the first statement. Those aliases will be picked up and used in the result set.
create table t1
(   new_customer varchar(30) not null,
    order_id int not null,
    invoice int not null
);
insert t1 values ('aaron',5,5),('john',56,44);

create table t2
(   old_customers varchar(30) not null,
    order_id int not null,
    ticket_num int not null
);
insert t2 values ('casey',44,11),('jonathan',1,4);

The Query:
select new_customer as All_Customers,order_id as All_Order_Ids from t1
union
select old_customers,order_id from t2

+---------------+---------------+
| All_Customers | All_Order_Ids |
+---------------+---------------+
| aaron         |             5 |
| john          |            56 |
| casey         |            44 |
| jonathan      |             1 |
+---------------+---------------+


text:
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Next How to change or cancel a United flight
How to Change Qatar Airways Flight?
Qatar Airways Flight Change policy allows passengers to change their flight date, time, and destination with or without additional charges, as long as the flights are within the same calendar year.
Qatar Airways Flight Change: Rule
The following Qatar Airways Flight Change rules will apply to all tickets issued up to August 31, 2021, for travel up to May 31, 2022:
You must complete your travel by May 31, 2022, to enjoy a rebooking fee waiver. Changes to dates and routes must be made before your flight's scheduled departure time.
You must rebook on the same fare class as your original ticket to not pay extra.
Same-day date changes are not allowed.
If you're changing your route, you must pay the fare difference, along with any tax, fee, or surcharge differences that apply.
Tickets booked directly with Qatar Airways can be changed online or by phone through a Qatar Airways contact center.
Tickets booked through third parties can only be cancelled through them.
If you're flying to Australia, you must make the changes at least 3 days before your travel date. Name changes are not permitted.
Qatar Airways Change Policy –
As per Qatar Airways change flight policy, passengers can hold their reservation and use it when they're ready with extended ticket validity, which remains valid for 2 years from the date of issuance.
Passengers can change Qatar Airways bookings within the same class of service, as often as there would be no Qatar Airways change booking fee.
Passengers can also exchange the unused portion of their ticket for travel credit vouchers with 10 percent more value and that remain valid for 2 years from the date of issuance.
As per Qatar Airways' change flight policy, passengers can also cancel their reservation and refund the unused portion of the ticket to the original form of payment with the help of the Qatar Airways change fee waiver.
By paying zero Qatar Airways change booking fees, passengers would still be responsible for any difference in fare, taxes, and surcharges.
Qatar Airways change of flight requests for anywhere in Asia, Europe, and Australia must be made no less than 72 hours prior to the scheduled departure.
Qatar Airways' change of flight requests are only applicable if fare rules allow amendment of the booking.
In case of a no-show policy, only one fee will be applicable, either a no-show or Qatar Airways change fee whichever is higher.
As per Qatar Airways' change in flight policy, in case of lower fare differences, the residual value of the fare remains non-refundable.
Qatar Airways date change charges will be applicable as per the highest of all fare components.
Passengers can change or add their meal preference via the 'Manage Booking' tab. From the 'Manage Flight' menu passengers need to click 'Modify meal preference or 'Add Meal Preference' to complete the changes. Passengers can also check in online, 72 hours to 90 minutes prior to the scheduled departure, and add the preferred meal.
Qatar Airways Policy to change a flight date?
Can You Change Flight Dates Qatar Airways? – Sometimes changing your flight can be difficult if you do not know how to change flight. Qatar Airways has a guideline that will help you with this process. You can change your flight by following this guideline in an easy manner.
According to Qatar Airways' guidelines, passengers are permitted to change their flight date within a certain time if they have an emergency.
Passengers of Qatar Airways can change their flight date via the managed booking sections of the official site or even through connecting reservations department.
Passengers can request the official site to change flight dates online or offline or by visiting the airport.
You can change your flight procedure one hour before your scheduled departure time. Passengers who cancel their flight tickets on the original booking of Qatar Airways are not charged any fees.
Qatar Airways flight date change Policy Guidelines
The travelers who booked the flight with Qatar Airways and trying to change their flight dates, there is a set of rules that need to be followed.
In order to change the date on a Qatar Airways ticket, passengers must contact the reservations department at least 24 hours before their scheduled departure time. This can be done either by phone or email, and will require passengers to provide some basic information such as name, date of birth, nationality and passport number.
Passengers can change their flight date, time, and destination without any additional costs as long as the new flights are within the same calendar year. However, passengers cannot change their route or airline.
Make sure that your flight is booked directly with the Qatar Airways website or through the call support desk to change your flight.
If your ticket cannot be changed online, we suggest you contact the nearest Qatar Airways office.
If the Qatar Airways flight was not booked online through our support desk, then customers need to contact our reservation department at (877) 681-0056.
A change fee will be applied to the new ticket. This fee is based on the difference between the fare conditions for your original ticket and the new ticket.
A passenger must also pay any applicable charges and the fare differential to confirm a flight change.
How Much Does It Cost To Reschedule a Qatar Airways Flight?
For booking a flight, people generally take Qatar Airways. In some cases, they have to reschedule their trip. Most airlines charge for this process, which is deducted from the customer's refund money. Sometimes it also bothers the customer. Though with Qatar Airways you can easily skip the fee and reschedule the flight easily, and that too online.
So you don't have to pay the additional fee for the flight change. You can skip and make your traveling or trip more customer-friendly as well as efficient. Even, you can contact the support person and they can make the necessary changes without being charged.
Qatar Airways Flight Change Policy for Privilege Club Members
If you change an award ticket at least 24 hours before departure: If you're a Platinum or Gold main member, no change fee will apply. If you're a Silver or Burgundy member or travelling on the same booking as a Platinum/Gold member, a change fee of USD 25 will apply.
If you change an award ticket 3 – 24 hours before departure: If you're a Platinum or Gold main member, no change fee will apply. If you're a Silver or Burgundy member or travelling on the same booking as a Platinum/Gold member, a change fee of USD 100 will apply.
If you change an award ticket within 3 hours of departure (or after departure), it will be treated as a no-show and: Your miles and cash payment (if any) will be forfeited. Only government and airport taxes will be refunded.
Here are the guidelines to Change Qatar Airways flight
Qatar Airways does no longer permit its passengers to make changes on maintaining Qatar airlines bookings as they're eligible for making changes
If the passengers have changed reservations, then they cannot put them on hold until confirmation can be made
Qatar airlines allow the passengers to make Voluntary changes, i.e. when a person desires to make changes in the date and time due to emergency
If the passengers are making any changes to their itinerary, then they'll be charged for the exchange price earlier than their scheduled flight departure inclusive of No-display charges. But in such cases, their flight tickets can be reissued with the applicable fare, if any.
For passengers who are going to make changes in their flight tickets through a smartphone or at the airport, the airline's price ticket with non-refundable charges will have to pay. But if the passenger is making their Qatar airways flight change within 24 hours of the scheduled departure of flight then they'll not need to pay any amount.
How Much Does it Cost To Rebook a Qatar Airways Flight?
Qatar Airways allows passengers to change their flight plans. This policy is meant to allow passengers the flexibility to make changes. Passengers can do this on the Qatar Airways website, making it easier for them.
Rescheduling a flight with Qatar Airways can be a hassle, but their website makes it easy to do. Rescheduling your flight costs less than the original price of the ticket and takes just a few minutes. To reschedule your flight, go to Qatar Airways' website and click on the "Change Ticket" section. This information is also available in your ticket itinerary.
Qatar Airways Change Flight Policies and other info: Qatar Airways will go down in history for having some of the best travel policies during these uncertain times. Once this all passes, companies will be remembered for how they treated people. Those with poor policies will be shunned, and people will become more loyal to those with better policies. Customer loyalty goes a long way.
How to Change Your United Airlines Flights: Definitive Guide
Do you get a refund back If the flight gets canceled due to fog or?: What to do
How to Change or Select Seat on Emirates Airlines Flight


text:
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Britain Planner
FeatureCheck out the best immersive experiences in London
January 6, 20220
Check out the best immersive experiences in London. Escape Martians in London, stop a nuclear missile or join an ABBA party on a Greek island. You don't want to miss any of these
Mamma Mia! The Party
A flagstone floor, fairy lights and blue and white chequered tablecloths set the scene at Mamma Mia! The Party, which takes place in Nikos' Taverna on Skopelos island inside The O2. It's based on the 2008 film and its ABBA soundtrack. TV comedian Sandi Toksvig adapted the story, which is brought to life by roaming actors. Sit down and enjoy a delicious meal of Greek mezze, olive and feta salad, lamb souvlaki (kebabs) and portokalopita, an orange cake served with Greek yoghurt. Then dance the night away at the disco finale. Find out more here.
In 1990, two masterpieces were stolen and have remained missing ever since. Working in teams, you must defy motion sensors and climb through air vents to retrieve the most valuable stolen paintings in the world. Will you hand them to the FBI to claim the reward? Or will you chance the Black Market? The Perfect Crime is an action-packed experience that mixes immersive theatre and escape games. Assemble your team to pull off the theft of the century. Find out more here.
Bond for a day
© Imagine Experiences
Go behind the scenes of the world's most famous film franchise and take the lead! Every James Bond fan's dreams come true with this fantastic experience, including a splash of original Floris and his preferred tipple at one of Ian Fleming's favourite London hotel bars. You'll pick up some useful counter-surveillance tips and learn the real stories behind the world of 007. It wouldn't be a day in the life of Bond without a visit to 'Q' – prepare for some target practice using a variety of weapons. During this exhilarating day, an expert will guide you through the murky world of spies, sabotage and assassination! The event runs every Friday and Saturday at 10am, lasting 5 hours. Find out more here.
The Crystal Maze LIVE Experience
© The Crystal Maze LIVE Experience / Little Lion Entertainment Ltd.
The Crystal Maze Live Experience is based on the British game show of the same name that was a hit in the 90s. Like the series, the experience has Medieval, Aztec, Industrial and Futuristic zones. Even if you've not seen the TV show, you will still enjoy playing physical and mental challenges against the clock, such as cracking a safe using A-level maths. Work quickly or risk getting locked in. Find out more here.
Faulty Towers: The Dining Experience (from 21 Jan)
If you'd like to experience old-school British culture, or you're a Brit who enjoys reminiscing, take part in this interactive dining experience inspired by the '70s TV farce Fawlty Towers. Taking place at The President Hotel from 21 Jan, it is actually set in a fictional hotel on the south coast. Diners meet the hotel's rude owner and a hapless Spanish waiter while mingling with other bewildered guests over a three-course dinner at this mostly improvised show. Find out more here.
Monopoly Lifesized
A new, exciting way to play the planet's favourite board game has arrived! Jump around a giant board and build the property empire of your dreams, completing challenges along the way. Monopoly Lifesized can best be described as a cross between escape rooms, board games and team tasks – in other words, heaps of fun for you and your family, friends! Find out more here.
Money Heist: The Experience
© Netflix / Fever
Gunfights, ambushes and special effects will get your adrenaline pumping at this immersive experience, that is inspired by the eponymous Netflix show about eight thieves taking hostages inside the Royal Mint of Spain. Money Heist: The Experience in South Kensington is set in a former Christie's auction house and it begins with an auction. Treasures lie in the vaults and you must don a red jumpsuit like the rest of your gang and complete physical and mental challenges to steal them. Find out more here.
Shrek's Adventure! London
This one-of-a-kind event, created by Merlin Entertainments in collaboration with DreamWorks Animation, brings Shrek and his friends to life. The fantasy tour blends ten laugh-out-loud live shows and legendary Shrek sets with compelling storytelling, an incredible 4D experience, dramatic special effects, and stunning DreamWorks animation. Allow about 1 hour 15 mins to enjoy the experience. It's not only for kids either – we guarantee that the adults will love it too. Find out more here.
Doctor Who: Time Fracture
A ground-breaking immersive theatrical adventure plunges you into the incredible universe of Doctor Who. Smoke machines, an illuminated tunnel and a wall of flickering TV screens set the scene for Doctor Who: Time Fracture, a theatrical experience with a bar near Claridge's in Mayfair. If you're not already a fan of the BBC's sci-fi series, some of the references may go over your head, but that won't stop you from finding the thrills in the experience as you confront monsters and aliens to save the planet on a journey through time and space. Find out more here.
© Sam Taylor
Forget 2021 and celebrate the Roaring Twenties at this event in Mayfair, which is inspired by the novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Created by Olivier Award-winning producers, you'll find yourself invited to a legendary party thrown by the millionaire Jay Gatsby. So don flapper dresses and string pearls, bow ties and braces; sip Champagne then foxtrot the night away to a jazz band. Find out more here.
The Murdér Express (to 27 Feb)
It's 1937 during the Great Depression, and the Von Valentine family's Jewel of the Empire – the world's largest cut diamond – is on display aboard The Murdér Express. The train is travelling from London to the family estate in the southern French town of Murdér… It's not long before the diamond is missing, bodies are beginning to pile up and the clock is ticking to catch a killer and recover the Jewel of the Empire. Hop aboard at Pedley Street Station near Brick Lane and dine on a three-course meal while you're whisked away to France. You'll meet some interesting characters, but remember, all is not as it seems and everybody is a suspect – even you. Find out more here.
© Top Drawer Tours Ltd.
The stench of sulphur and pyrotechnics will jolt you into another world, which is inspired by H. G. Wells' eponymous novel and the 1978 album, Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of The Worlds. Virtual reality headsets, holograms and projections take you back to 1898, when a Martian invasion leads to the evacuation of London. Hide from the aliens, climb through tunnels and whizz down a slide in your attempt to escape. Will you succeed? Find out more here.
Sherlock: The Official Live Game
Enter into the world of Sherlock with immersive sets and environments from the show, as you work together as a team to solve mysteries and puzzles before time runs out. Play the detective in this brand-new Sherlock case featuring original content from the show's stars, including Benedict Cumberbatch, Andrew Scott, Martin Freeman, and more. The experience offers several types of activities such as Escape Room, Outdoor Game, Poisoned Chalice Cocktail Experience, Boozy Afternoon Tea and more. The ticket price starts from £15. For more information, visit the website. Find out more here.
Fox in the Box London
A post shared by Fox in a Box London (@foxinaboxldn)
Choose from four themed escape rooms: Prison Break, Bunker, Zodiac Killer and a Virtual Room. Feeling adventurous? Whether you're going head-to-head to escape prison or working your way through the bunker to stop nuclear missiles, the experience will get your brain working. You'll need to use teamwork and creative thinking to solve logical problems and overcome challenges. Find out more here.
Please like, share and comment below and see if we have anything else to inspire your next visit to London.
Immersive Ldn
Gabor Meszaros
11 restaurants you have to try this Veganuary
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text:
\section{Introduction}

The numerical renormalization group was
developed by Wilson \cite{wilson1} and used by him to
solve the one impurity Kondo problem.
The technique was subsequently applied to a number of quantum lattice
systems \cite{earlyrg,lee1} such as the Hubbard and Heisenberg models, but
with little success.
A suggestion by Wilson \cite{wilson2} to investigate why the technique
fails
for the simplest quantum lattice system, the one-dimensional electron
gas, led to the development of a number of new techniques to
overcome the difficulties of the numerical RG for this simple system
\cite{whitenoack}.
White \cite{whitedmrg} was able to generalize one of these
techniques to interacting systems, applying it successfully to one
dimensional quantum spin systems.
This technique has come to be known as the density matrix
renormalization group (DMRG).

This paper describes our our current efforts to apply the DMRG to
fermion systems in more than one dimension, and in particular to the
Hubbard model.
So far, we have successfully applied the method to the Hubbard model
on one and two chains \cite{twochains}.
Here we discuss the details of the methods we have developed for the
two--chain Hubbard model and show results for equal--time pair field
and spin--spin correlation functions and for the spin gap for the
half--filled and doped systems on lattices of up to $2\times 32$ sites.

At half--filling, both pair field and spin--spin correlations
decay exponentially, with the spin correlations having a longer
correlation length.
There is a spin gap present at half filling which gets smaller as the
system is doped, but persists down to band fillings of
$\langle n \rangle =0.75$.
For the doped system, the largest pair field correlations are ones in
which a spin singlet pair is formed on adjacent sites on different
chains.
The pair field symmetry is $d$--wave--like in that the pair field wave
function has opposite sign along and between the chains.
The form of the decay of the pair field correlations for the doped
system is algebraic with a form close to that of the
noninteracting system, which decays as $\ell^{-2}$.

\section{The Density Matrix Renormalization Group}

The goal of the procedures discussed here is to find the
properties of the low-lying states of a quantum system on a particular
finite lattice.
One way to do this would be to diagonalize the Hamiltonian matrix
using a sparse matrix diagonalization
method such as the Lanczos technique.
However, for interacting quantum lattice systems, the number of states
grows exponentially with the size of the lattice.
Since exact diagonalization techniques must keep track of all the
states, the maximum possible lattice sizes for interacting Hamiltonians is
severely limited.
It is therefore desirable to develop a procedure in which the Hilbert space
of the Hamiltonian can be truncated in a controlled way so that only
states that are important in making up the low-lying states of the
system are included in a diagonalization.
The DMRG provides a procedure for building up such a representation of
the Hamiltonian matrix, which is then diagonalized to provide the
properties of the low-lying states of the finite system.

The strategy of the DMRG is to build up a portion
of the system (called the system block)
using a real--space blocking procedure and then truncate the basis of its
Hamiltonian after each blocking.
In this way, the size of the Hilbert space is kept manageable as the
system block is built up.
The key idea is the method of truncating the Hilbert space of the system block
in a controlled way.
This is done by forming the reduced density matrix for the system
block, given an eigenstate of the entire lattice.
Let us first examine this procedure.

\subsection{The Density Matrix Projection }

Consider a complete system (the ``universe''), divided into
two parts, the
``system'', labeled by coordinate $i$, and the ``environment''
\cite{liang}, labeled by coordinate $j$.
If we knew the exact state $\psi_{ij}$ of the universe,
(assuming the universe is in a pure state) the
prescription for finding the state of the system block would be to form
the reduced density matrix of the system as part of the universe,
\begin{equation}
\rho_{ii'} = \sum_j \psi_{ij} \psi^*_{i'j}.
\label{denmateqn}
\end{equation}
The state of the system block is then given by a linear combination of
the eigenstates of the density matrix with weight given by the
eigenvalues.
It is shown in Ref. \cite{whitedmrg} that the optimal
reduced basis set for the system block is given by
the eigenstates of the density matrix with the largest weights.
The sum of the density matrix weights of the discarded states gives the
magnitude of the truncation error.

\section{Algorithms}

The density matrix projection procedure gives us a way of truncating
the basis set of the matrix for the system block in a controlled way
as degrees of freedom are added to the system.
The projection procedure of the previous section assumes that the
wavefunction $\psi_{ij}$ of the system is known.
Of course, finding $\psi_{ij}$ is the goal of the DMRG procedure, so
effective algorithms must iteratively improve
approximations to $\psi_{ij}$.
We will first discuss the algorithms for one-dimensional systems, as
developed in Ref.\ \cite{whitedmrg}.

In order to perform the density matrix projection procedure, we form
the Hamiltonian for a
``superblock'' which is an approximation to the universe of the previous
section.
In this case, the superblock will describe a one-dimensional lattice of
$L$ sites, with, for example, a Heisenberg or Hubbard Hamiltonian.
The superblock configuration used for the
one--dimensional algorithms developed in Ref. \cite{whitedmrg} is
shown in Fig.\ \ref{figsuper1d}.
The superblock is formed from an approximate Hamiltonian for the system block
containing $\ell$ sites (labeled by $B_\ell$), the Hamiltonians for
two single sites which can be treated exactly, represented by solid
circles, and an approximate Hamiltonian for the rightmost $\ell'$
sites, labeled by $B^R_{\ell'}$.
Thus, the superblock contains $L = \ell + \ell' + 2$ sites.
The algorithm proceeds as follows:
\begin{description}
\item{1.} The superblock Hamiltonian is diagonalized using a Lanczos
or similar exact diagonalization technique to find a particular
target eigenstate $\psi_{ij}$.
\item{2.} The reduced density matrix is formed for the system block
$B'_{\ell+1}$ using Eq.\ (\ref{denmateqn}).
\item{3.} The density matrix is diagonalized using a dense matrix
diagonalization.
\item{4.} The Hamitonian for $B'_{\ell+1}$ is transformed to a
truncated basis formed by the $m$ highest weighted eigenstates of the
density matrix.
\item{5.} This approximate Hamiltonian, labeled by $B_{\ell+1}$ is
used as a starting point for the next iteration, starting with step 1.
\end{description}
Initially we choose $\ell$ to be small enough (a single
site, for example) so that the
Hamiltonian for $B_\ell$ can be treated exactly.
The system block then grows by a single site at each iteration, but
the dimension of its Hilbert space remains $m$.
A single site only is added to $B_\ell$ in order to minimize the size
of the superblock Hamiltonian, whose dimension will be $n^2mm'$ where
$n$ is the number of states per site, and $m'$ is the size of the
basis for $B^R_{\ell'}$.

\subsection{The Infinite System Procedure}

The method we use to choose $B^R_{\ell'}$  at each step divides DMRG
algorithms into two classes, the infinite system procedure and the finite
system procedure.
In the infinite system procedure, $B^R_{\ell'}$ is chosen to be the spatial
reflection of $B_\ell$ so that $\ell=\ell'$.
This means that the size $L$ of the superblock grows by two sites
at each iteration.
The procedure can be iterated until the energy, calculated in the
superblock diagonalization, converges.

The advantage of the infinite system procedure is that calculated
quantities scale to their infinite system values.
In this sense, this procedure is in the spirit of the original
real--space renormalization group.
The disadvantages of the infinite system procedure are that for a
given system size, it is less accurate than the finite system
procedure, and that it cannot easily be generalized to
two--dimensional systems.
For a two-dimensional system, if a single site is added to the
system block at each step, an environment block of the proper
geometry cannot in general be formed from the reflected system block.

\subsection{The Finite System Procedure}

In the finite system procedure, the superblock is formed so that it
describes the same finite lattice at each iteration.
In other words, the block $B^R_{\ell'}$ is chosen so that
$L=\ell + \ell' + 2$ remains fixed.
We can do this if we repeat the procedure (which we call a sweep
through the lattice) in which the system block is
built up from $\ell = 1$ to $\ell = L-3$ more than once.
After one sweep, the system block can be built up from the other side
of the lattice, and the stored set of
system blocks from that sweep can be used as environment blocks for
the next sweep.
The procedure is analogous to zipping a
zipper back and forth once through the lattice,
where the location of the zipper is the
location of the single site added to $B_\ell$.
The sweeps can be repeated  until the energy or some other quantity of
interest converges.
In practice, we have found that it only takes a few sweeps through the
lattice to achieve convergence to within truncation error for a given
$m$.
The power of this procedure lies in the iterative improvement of the
environment block.

On the initial sweep of the finite system procedure, the
environment blocks are undefined.
For one dimensional systems, however, one can build up the superblock
size using the infinite system procedure and use reflections of the stored
blocks $B_\ell$ for $B^R_{\ell'}$ on the initial sweep.

There are a number of advantages to the finite system procedure.
First, since the environment blocks are iteratively improved with each
sweep through the lattice, the finite system procedure gives
much more accurate results for a particular lattice size than the
infinite system procedure, although the infinite system procedure can
give results that are closer to the thermodynamic limit.
It might be possible to combine the two procedures in a hybrid
algorithm to get more accurate results for a given $m$ in the
thermodynamic limit.

Second, since the environment block no longer must be a reflection of the
system block, it is possible to study lattices that are no longer
reflection symmetric.
This is useful, for example, in studying systems with impurities or
disorder.

Third, in the finite system procedure, the target state of the
superblock is the same at each iteration, with unchanging quantum
numbers, unlike in the infinite system procedure.
For the one-dimensional Heisenberg model calculations described in
Ref. \cite{whitedmrg}, the states are labeled only by the $z$ component of
the total spin, $S_z$, so it is easy to find a state with the
appropriate quantum number for different lattice sizes.
For fermion systems such as the Hubbard model, however, $N_\uparrow$
and $N_\downarrow$, the number of spin up and spin down fermions, are
good quantum numbers.
Since $N_\downarrow$ and $N_\uparrow$ must be integers, it is
impossible to choose them so that the overall occupation stays
constant on all different lattice sizes, except at half--filling.
The best one can do is to target one or more states closest to the
proper density, and this leads to reduced accuracy for
non--half--filled systems.

Fourth, it is much easier to extend the finite system procedure to
lattices of more than one dimension.

\subsection{Extension to Higher Dimensions}

One way to extend these algorithms to more than one dimension would be
to replace the single sites added between the blocks with a row of
sites.
However, the extra degrees of freedom added to the system at each
real--space blocking would make size of the superblock Hilbert space
prohibitively large.
Therefore, the two--dimensional algorithms we have developed still
involve adding single sites at a time to the system block.
This can be done by adding sites in a connected one-dimensional path
through the two--dimensional lattice, i.e. by folding the
one-dimensional zipper into two dimensions.
A typical superblock configuration for the two-dimensional algorithm
is shown in Fig.\ \ref{figsuper2d}.
The site added to the system block is enclosed by a dashed line and
the dotted line shows the order in which sites are added to the system
block for a sweep.
One can see that it is not possible to reflect the system block into
an environment block of the proper geometry at every iteration, so the
finite system algorithm must used.
The two--dimensional procedure differs from the one--dimensional
finite size procedure only in that there are additional connections
between the system and environment blocks along the boundary.

For one--dimensional lattices, we use the infinite system procedure
to build up the superblock to the proper size on the first sweep through the
lattice.
Since this can no longer be done for higher dimensional lattices, we
must formulate a procedure for the initial sweep through the lattice.
The simplest procedure is to use an empty environment block on
the first sweep.
One can diagonalize the Hamiltonian for the system block and keep the $m$
states of lowest energy.
This procedure is equivalent to Wilson's original numerical
renormalization group procedure, and is not very accurate even for
the one--dimensional single electron on a lattice, as shown in
Ref. \cite{whitenoack}.
In addition, for fermion systems, one must adjust the chemical
potential $\mu$ so
that states with the proper $N_\uparrow$ and $N_\downarrow$ quantum
numbers have the lowest energy.
The procedure is quite sensitive to these adjustments.
Thus, this initialization technique thus tends to be inaccurate and hard to
use for fermion systems.

Liang \cite{liang2} has tried two other techniques for the initial
sweep.
In the first, he performs an initial infinite system sweep for a
one-dimensional lattice, then turns on the additional couplings needed
to make the lattice two dimensional on subsequent finite system sweeps.
In the second, he uses as the environment block an approximate
Hamiltonian for a one--dimensional system of the size of the row
length.
Both of these procedures depend on representing portions of
two-dimensional states by one-dimensional states, and thus
give poor representations of the superblock initially.

The technique which we find works best for the initial sweep is a
hybrid procedure in which the finite system procedure for a smaller
lattice size is repeated for a few iterations, until the system block is
big enough so that its reflection can be used for the environment
block of a superblock that is a row larger.
Thus, the superblock is extended a row at a time.
Initially, the first row can be built up with a one-dimensional
infinite system procedure.
This procedure minimizes problems with target states with
inappropriate quantum numbers and provides a reasonable representation
for two--dimensional states.

We have found that the accuracy of the initial sweep is not critical
as long as the first set of environment blocks has a set of states
with appropriate quantum numbers.
In most cases, a few sweeps of the finite system procedure will
improve the environment blocks sufficiently so that the procedure will
converge.

\subsection{Performance Considerations}

The number of states needed to maintain a certain truncation error
in the density matrix projection procedure depends strongly on
the number of operators connecting the two parts of the system.
Best accuracy is obtained when the number of connections between the
system and environment blocks is minimized.
Therefore, we study systems with open rather than periodic or
antiperiodic boundary conditions.
Also, we find that the number of states $m$ needed to maintain a given
accuracy depends strongly on the width and weakly on the length of the
system.

Just how rapidly the truncation error increases with the width of the
system is not clear in general.
Liang \cite{liang2} studied the error in the energy as a function
of width for a gas of noninteracting spinless fermions and found that
the number of states needed to maintain a given accuracy grew
exponentially with the width of the system.
In an interacting system such as the Hubbard model, the detailed
structure of the energy spectrum seems to be important.
For example, in the two chain Hubbard
model at half--filling, where there is a spin and pairing gap,
the truncation error for a given $m$ is much
smaller than away from half--filling, where the spin gap is reduced
and the gap to pairing excitations is no longer present.
For multiple Hubbard or Heisenberg chains, the presence or absence of
a gap in the spin spectrum depends on whether the number of chains is
even or odd\cite{twospinchains}, so the truncation error for a given $m$
depends on the number of chains in a complicated way.
Also, increasing the strength of on-site interactions
can reduce the truncation error.
The Hubbard model DMRG is most accurate for large $U$ and least
accurate for $U=0$.

For systems of more than one dimension, it is therefore important to
be able to keep as many states $m$ per block as possible.
We have been able to improve the performance of the algorithm in a
number of ways.
One way of doing this is to minimize the size of the superblock
Hilbert space, whose dimension is $n^2mm'$.
For fermion systems, one can reduce the number of states per site $n$
from four to two by treating the spin degree of freedom on the same
footing as a spatial coordinate.
A site for a particular spatial coordinate and spin can have an
occupancy of zero or one fermion.
While this makes the path through the lattice (which now has an added
dimension) somewhat more
complicated, we have found that by adding these ``half--sites'' instead
of full spatial sites on the last few sweeps through the lattice
we can increase the accuracy by increasing $m$.
We have also found that $m'$ can be made smaller than $m$ without
losing much accuracy in the truncation\cite{whitedmrg}.
Since the representation the approximate block Hamiltonians is poor on
the first few sweeps through the lattice, making $m$ large initially
does not improve the representation very much.
Therefore, the most efficient procedure is to increase $m$ after every
sweep through the lattice, so that $m'$ is $m$ from the previous sweep.

We have made a major effort to write the code in an efficient way in
C++.
We store only the nonzero parts of operators that link states with
particular quantum numbers.
These matrices are dense in general because the basis transformation
at each step mixes matrix elements.
This representation minimizes memory usage and makes it possible to
optimize highly the multiplication of a vector by the Hamiltonian, the
basic step needed for the Lanczos diagonalization.
However, the resulting data structures are complicated and are
variable in size, so that it has been useful to take advantage of
the object--oriented data structures and dynamic memory allocation
available in C++.
The code is currently limited more by memory usage than by computer
time, although we minimize memory usage by writing to disk all
operators not needed for a particular superblock diagonalization step.
The current version of the code can handle $m=400$ or more
whereas the original Fortran code used in Ref.\ \cite{whitedmrg}
for the computationally less demanding Heisenberg spin problem could keep
at most $m=200$.
We have found that $m \approx 400$ is necessary
in order to obtain accurate results for the two--chain Hubbard model away
from half--filling.

\section{Results for the two--chain Hubbard model}

The two--chain Hubbard model is described by the Hamiltonian
\begin{eqnarray}
\begin{array}{cl}
H= &
- t_y \sum_{ i, \lambda \sigma}
( c^{\dagger}_{i,\lambda \sigma}c_{i+1,\lambda \sigma} +
 c^{\dagger}_{i+1,\lambda\sigma}c_{i,\lambda \sigma}  ) \\
&- t_x \sum_{i, \sigma}
( c^{\dagger}_{i,1 \sigma}c_{i,2 \sigma } +
 c^{\dagger}_{i, 2\sigma}c_{i, 1 \sigma} )
+ U\sum_{ i, \lambda}
n_{i,\lambda \uparrow}n_{i,\lambda \downarrow } . \\
\end{array}
\end{eqnarray}
We think of the lattice as beinging a ladder aligned with the $y$ axis
so that $c^{\dagger}_{i, \lambda \sigma}$ creates an electron of spin
$\sigma$ at rung $j$ and side
$\lambda=1$ (left) or $2$ (right),
the hopping along a chain is $t_y$, the hopping between chains on a
rung is $t_x$, and $U$ is the on--site Coulomb repulsion.
This system is thought to be relevant to a number of anisotropic
two--dimensional systems, including
$({\rm VO})_2 {\rm P}_2 {\rm O}_7$ \cite{johnston} and
${\rm Sr}_2 {\rm Cu}_4{\rm O}_6$ \cite{takano,rice1}, which have
weakly coupled ladder--like structures arranged in planes.
Here we will concentrate on a parameter regime relevant to
the latter class of substances: $U/t_y=8$, and $t_x=t_y$.
We will explore the phase diagram as a function of band filling as the
half--filled system is doped with holes.

At half--filling,
the Hubbard model maps to the Heisenberg model in the large $U/t_y$
limit.
Therefore, the
dominant correlations should be antiferromagnetic spin correlations.
However, it is known that in the Heisenberg model on two chains
\cite{dagotto,barnes,strong}, there
is spin gap leading to an exponential decay of the spin correlation
function.
The origin of the spin gap is easy to understand in the limit of
strong coupling across the rungs.
In this case, the only only interaction will be an
antiferromagnetic coupling between the two spins on a rung.
This two spin system forms a spin singlet state and a higher energy
triplet state with an energy separation of the Heisenberg coupling $J$.
Away from half--filling, it is not clear what correlations
dominate the behavior.
Some authors \cite{rice2,tsunetsugu} have predicted that singlet
superconductivity with a partial d-wave symmetry should be the
dominant order.

In order to resolve these issues, we have calculated equal time
spin--spin and pair field correlation functions
$S_{\lambda\lambda '}(i,j)=\langle M^z_{i,\lambda} M^z_{j,\lambda '}\rangle$,
$D_{xx}(i,j)= \langle \Delta_{x i} \Delta^\dagger_{x j} \rangle$,
and
$D_{yx}(i,j) = \langle \Delta_{y i} \Delta^\dagger_{x j} \rangle$
with
\begin{eqnarray}
\begin{array}{cl}
M^z_{i,\lambda} & = n_{i,\lambda \uparrow} - n_{i,\lambda \downarrow}\\
\Delta^\dagger_{x i} & = c^\dagger_{i,1 \uparrow} c^\dagger_{i,2 \downarrow}
- c^\dagger_{i,1 \downarrow} c^\dagger_{i,2 \uparrow}  \\
\Delta^\dagger_{y i} & =
 c^\dagger_{i+1,2 \uparrow} c^\dagger_{i,2 \downarrow}
- c^\dagger_{i+1,2 \downarrow} c^\dagger_{i,2 \uparrow}. \\
\end{array}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $S_{11}(i,j)$ and $S_{12}(i,j)$ measure the spin-spin
correlations along a chain and between the chains respectively,  and
$D_{xx}(i,j)$ measures the singlet pair field correlations in which a
singlet pair is added at rung $j$ and removed at rung $i$.
In addition, $D_{yx} (i,j)$ measures the pair field correlations in
which a singlet pair is added to rung $j$ and removed from the
right--hand chain between rungs $i$ and $i+1$.
The relative phase of the pair wave function across the $i$th rung to
along one chain from $i$ to $i+1$ is given by comparing the phase of
$D_{xx}(i,j)$ to $D_{yx}(i,j)$.
This turns out to be negative, corresponding to the mean field result
obtained in Ref. \cite{rice2}.
However, the non-interacting $U=0$ result at a filling
$\langle n \rangle = 0.875$ is also negative.

Fig.\ \ref{figsemilog} shows the logarithm of the antiferromagnetic spin--spin
correlation function
\hbox{$(-1)^{|i-j|}S_{11}(i-j)$} and the cross--chain pairing correlation
function $D_{xx}(i-j)$.
Both the correlation functions decay
exponentially with $|i-j|$, but the pair field correlations decay much more
rapidly.
The correlation length, calculated from the slope of the lines in the
semilog plot, is plotted as a function of $U/t_y$ in the inset.
The spin--spin correlation length decreases as $U$ is increased,
saturating at a value near 3 lattice spacing for large $U$.
We have calculated the spin--spin correlation length for the
isotropic two chain Heisenberg model using the DMRG
\cite{twospinchains} and find a value of 3.19 lattice spacings,
consistent with the large $U$ limiting value.
The pair field correlations decay with a correlation length of the
order of a lattice spacing and are thus negligible at half--filling.

In order to determine the behavior of the spin correlations as the
system is doped below half-filling, we have calculated the magnetic
structure factor $S(q_x,q_y)$ by taking the fourier transform of
$S_{\lambda\lambda '}(i,j)$.
Since the lattice is long in the $y$ direction
and the spin--spin
correlation function decays exponentially with $ | i - j | $,
one can take a continuous fourier transform in the $y$ direction
without introducing much error.
Since there are two chains, $q_x$ can take on the values $0$ and
$\pi$.
Only the $S(\pi,q_y)$ branch is interesting,
because the correlations are always antiferromagnetic across the rungs.
This function is plotted in Fig.\ \ref{figSq} for the fillings,
$\langle n \rangle = 1.0, 0.9875, 0.875, 0.75$, corresponding to
doping 0, 2, 8, and 16 holes into the half--filled $2\times 32$ lattice.
As the system is doped away from half-filling, $S(\pi,q_y)$ peaks at
a wavevector $q_y = \langle n \rangle \pi$.
The residual peak at $q_y=\pi$ present for
$\langle n \rangle = 0.875$ and $\langle n \rangle = 0.75$ is
present only for even numbers of hole pairs and thus probably
disappears in the thermodynamic limit.
Therefore, we see that the spin--spin correlations develop
incommensurate structure as the system is doped away from
half--filling.

One can calculate the spin gap directly, by calculating the difference
in energies between the ground state, which has total spin $S=0$, and the
lowest lying $S=1$ state.
We calculate the ground state energy for $N_\uparrow$ spin up electrons and
$N_\downarrow$ spin down electrons,
$E_0(N_\uparrow,N_\downarrow)$.
The spin gap for a system with $N_\uparrow=N_\downarrow=N$ electrons
is then given by $\Delta_{\rm spin} = E_0(N+1,N-1) - E_0(N,N)$.
The spin gap plotted as a function of filling is shown in
Fig.\ \ref{figspingap}.
It is largest at half--filling and becomes smaller as the system
is doped with holes and seems to be present at least down to fillings of
$\langle n \rangle = 0.75$.
We show the spin gap for $2 \times 16$ and $2 \times 32$ lattices to
show the size of the finite size effects and argue that they are small
enough that the gap is present in the thermodynamic limit for two
chains.

We now turn to the behavior of the pair field correlations as the
system is doped away from half--filling.
We have seen that the pairing correlations with cross--chain symmetry
decay exponentially in the half--filled system.
This is true for all symmetries of the pair field wavefunction.
Fig.\ \ref{figDij} shows the pair field correlations $D_{xx}(i-j)$ and
$D_{yx}(i-j)$ plotted as a function of $|i-j|$ for
$\langle n \rangle = 1.0$ and $\langle n \rangle = 0.875$.
One can see that $D_{xx}(i-j)$ and $D_{yx}(i-j)$ have opposite signs,
as one would expect for $d$-wave like symmetry, at both fillings and
are significantly enhanced for the doped system.

In order to determine the strength of the pairing correlations,
one must consider their $\ell$--dependence at large distances.
For a quasi--one--dimensional system, we expect that any pairing correlation
will at best decay as a power of $\ell$ and can in some cases
decay exponentially, as we have seen for the half-filled system.
For two chains, one can compare with the
the non-interacting $U=0$ ladder, for which
\begin{equation}
D_{xx}(\ell) = ( 1/2 \pi \ell )^2
\left[ 2 - \cos ( 2 k_f(0)\ell) - \cos (2 k_f(\pi) \ell) \right].
\label{uzpair}
\end{equation}
Here $k_f(0) = \cos^{-1} (t_x+\mu)/2$ and $k_f(\pi) = \cos^{-1} (t_x-\mu)/2$
are the Fermi wave vectors corresponding to the bonding and
antibonding bands of the two coupled chains with $\mu$ the chemical
potential.
The pair correlations, $D_{xx}(\ell)$ are shown in Fig.\
\ref{figllDx}, plotted on a log--log scale.
The correlations of the interacting system decay approximately as
$\ell^{-2}$ and do not seem to be significantly enhanced over those of
the non--interacting system, as given by Eq.\ (\ref{uzpair}).

\section{Conclusion}

We have discussed techniques we have developed to apply the density
matrix renormalization group to Fermion systems in more than one
dimension.
In particular, we have been able to obtain accurate results for energy
gaps and equal--time correlation functions for the Hubbard model on
two coupled chains.

The two--chain Hubbard model is a gapped spin liquid at half--filling.
Both spin--spin and pair field correlations decay
exponentially, with the spin--spin correlations having the longest
correlation length.
As the system is doped with holes, the spin--spin
correlations become incommensurate at a wave vector proportional to
the filling and the spin gap becomes smaller, but persists in the
thermodynamic limit.
The pairing correlations are enhanced with a $d$-wave--like symmetry
and decay algebraically with an exponent close to that of the
non--interacting, $U=0$ system.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors thank N. Bulut, T.M. Rice, A. Sandvik, M. Vekic, E.
Grannan, and R.T. Scalettar for useful discussions.
R.M.N. and S.R.W. acknowledge support from the Office of Naval
Research under grant No. N00014-91-J-1143 and D.J.S. acknowledges support
from the National Science Foundation under grant DMR92--25027.
The numerical calculations reported here were performed at
the San Diego Supercomputer Center.

\newpage

\newcommand{{\it Phys. Rev. B }}{{\it Phys. Rev. B }}
\newcommand{{\it Phys. Rev. Lett. }}{{\it Phys. Rev. Lett. }}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv