text:
Convert to/from nifti files
===========================

The program **vnifti** converts nifti1 files \*.nii to vista files \*.v and back.
It recognizes the file type from the file name suffix.
If the input file has the suffix \*.nii it assumes that it is a nifti1 file
that should be converted to a vista file.
If the input file has a \*.v ending, it assumes that it is a vista file that
should be converted to a nifti1 file. Currently, only nifti1 is supported.
Nifti2 is not supported.

In some nifti files, the repetition time may not be correctly given. In this
case the repetition time can be directly specified on the command line using the
parameter "-tr". If this parameter is not set, the program assumes that the repetition time
is correctly specified in the nii header.

The program is typically called as follows:

 ::

  vnifti -in data.v -out data.nii
  vnifti -in data.nii -out data.v
  vnifti -in data.nii.gz -out data.v

Parameters of *vnifti*

 -help         Usage information.
 -in           Input image.
 -out          Output image.
 -tr           Repetition time in seconds. Default: 0
 -scale        Whether to scale 4D data to 16bit integer. Default: false
 -attrtype     Whether to output 4D data to lipsia 4D format. Default: true

.. index:: nifti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Home » Asia » Visitor Attractions in Tokyo
Visitor Attractions in Tokyo
This 24 hour hustling city of Japan is no less than a paradise for a family who is looking for the ultimate holiday experience. All credit goes to the theme parks, amusement parks, streets of fun, and many more visitor attractions in Tokyo. More than any one, children will be glad to such an extent that they will never wish to be at home/hotel.
Tokyo is a unique city as compared to other cities on the planet, as it does not have a hub or landmark. Rather, the entire city is segmented into totally separate neighborhoods that are ideally accessible via the great Metro system. However, a main problem is that no streets are named and so you need to carry a detailed bilingual map. Further, do examine the detailed maps available at each Metro station. Irrespective of whatever limitations exist, the secret of exploring the real Tokyo is in its minute details that one can encounter by ambling in any of its neighborhoods.
As my small cousins were together, among all the visitor attractions in Tokyo, the Disney Resort was our first target at Maihama. This is a theme park for all ages boasting varied attractions. Overlooking the Tokyo Bay, the Disney Sea is a state-of-the-art park that is must a visit. At the resort, over 100 boutiques, world class restaurants, and a big shopping mall will definitely reserve a next time visit. Further, many annual events and parades are held here, which are really awesome. I recommend booking a stay in one of its elegant hotels.
Next, the Dome City in Koraku Bunkyo-ku is one of the top visitor attractions in Tokyo as it is the complete hangout for family for a day. Enjoy the amusement park, rejuvenate at a spa, shop at some of the excellent shops, or dine in any of the superb restaurants. You will feel as if you are in a small city itself, which offers enough attractions to keep you engaged the entire day.
The Hanayashiki Amusement Park at Asakusa (Taito) is 150-years-old park that was originally a flower park. Now, it is an amusement park boasting many fast rides like roller coaster, carousel, and large Ferris wheel with some best views of the park. The park is opened from Wednesday to Monday between 10:00 to 18:00.
The Tokyo Sony Building is for those who love innovations. Located in Ginza, this beautiful edifice is where you can explore the most modern audio-visual attractions and computer stuff without any cost. On its 6th floor, the Play Station will behold anybody's attention, may it be a youngster or a child. In fact, several gadgets and games are available that you can try soaking yourself for hours. Last, but not the least, a High-Vision Theatre offers free movie shows every Saturday at 16:30. The visiting time of the building is daily from 11:00 to 19:00.
Then, I headed to one more free attraction, the Imperial Palace at Kokyo Gaien (Chiyoda-ku). Located in the heart of the city, this is the famous historic site where you can spot the Emperor of Japan. Since 150 years, this majestic building has served as the residence of Japanese Emperors. Currently, several holdings have been pushed behind the walls and dense plantations.
Roppongi is the neighborhood where you can party in any of its clubs and restaurants. Check out for the tallest building in Tokyo, the Midtown Tower, holding 54 storeys and the first Ritz Carlton hotel. Other attractions include designer emporiums, opulent apartments, the Suntory Museum of Art, the new 21_21 Design Sight, the new National Arts Centre, an amazing park, and several eateries.
The Tokyo Tower at Shinbakoen, Minato-ku is where you can have some of the breathtaking views of the city and Mount Fuji. This 333 m red and white tower also has an aquarium, many gift shops, and a waxwork exhibit.
Meiji-jingu (Meiji Shrine) at Yoyogi, Kamizono-cho, Shibuya-ku is a fine example of the Shinto architecture in the middle of a dark and breezy forest. You first need to cross a big wooden torii gate and then the wide gravel path of the forest to reach the shrine area. The shrine is built in the memory of Emperor Meiji and Empress Shoken during whose rule Japan saw its modern progress. This is the area to be a part of many festivals such as the New Year, Coming of Age Day (15 January), the children's festival of Shichi-Go-San (weekends around 15 January), Grand Festival (November 1-3), yabusame (horseback archery), budo (martial arts), and aikido. The Gyoen Inner Garden here is more attractive in June with the magnificent exhibit of irises.
Tags:Japan, Tokyo
A First -Timer's Tour of Hong Kong Island
Vietnam travel destinations: The Cu Chi Tunnels

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


April showers certainly brought a bounty of May flowers to Seattle and I'm in heaven! The peonies at the market have exploded. Last week I bought 12 to delight my little apartment. Having fresh flowers in the house is certainly one of the little things in life that brings me so much joy. Peonies have such a lovely scent, it filled the air.
Rhododendrons are Washington's state flower and when they bloom it is miraculous because you realize they are EVERYWHERE! In this area, the bushes can be so old that they have grown to 10 or 15 feet in height. I love seeing them everywhere I go.


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Naval Academy names Marine artillery officer as next commandant of midshipmen
Annapolis clothing shop Kokopelli closing, goes online only as coronavirus continues to hurt businesses
Live! Casino and Hotel serving as Anne Arundel coronavirus vaccination site
Anne Arundel public schools won't have in-person winter season, will shift focus to fall athletics next month
Anne Arundel moving to Phase 1B; Hogan announces accelerated state vaccine rollout, cautions supply is needed
What's going on with the coronavirus vaccine in Anne Arundel?
Navy men's basketball standout Cam Davis chosen for prestigious post-graduate program at MIT
Jumble Daily Puzzle
Unified bowling is on pause in Anne Arundel. One coach found a way to bring it back — with fantasy.
Crofton man recalls standing behind King during 'Dream' speech
Dave Ginsburg, the 'epitome of an Associated Press sportswriter,' to retire after 37 years
Anne Arundel County Executive Pittman says Perdue will hurt farmers with sudden closure of Lothian grain elevator
Anne Arundel releases details on how people over 75 can sign up for coronavirus vaccines
Non-profit bicycle advocacy group BikeAAA unveils a vision of connected Anne Arundel, Annapolis trails
Baysox provide fans with big league look
By John McNamara
jmcnamara@capgaznews.com |
Baltimore Orioles shortstop J.J. Hardy spent some time with the Baysox in May as he recovered from a shoulder injury. (Courtesy of Baysox, HANDOUT)
One of many attractions of minor league baseball is that fans get a chance to see the major leaguers of tomorrow.
That's been particularly true of the Bowie Baysox this year.
Through the first half of the 2015 Eastern League season, eight Orioles have made appearances for the Class AA Baysox while working their way back to the majors from injuries.
The Baysox have never had more than eight Orioles appear in a single season — and there are still two months left on the schedule.
"It seems like it's been a lot of them ... in a short amount of time," said Baysox manager Gary Kendall, a Baltimore native who grew up rooting for the Orioles.
[More Maryland news] Prince George's County moves to Phase 1B of COVID-19 vaccination plan, Alsobrooks gets second shot »
The primary purpose of any ballclub's minor league system is to develop players. But farm teams can also provide a useful testing ground for a major league player trying to return from an injury — such as infielder Jonathan Schoop, the latest Oriole to see time in Bowie. He tested out an injured knee.
Schoop played seven games in Bowie, hitting three homers and driving in six runs — then delivered a homer in his first game back with the Orioles on Sunday in their 9-1 victory over the Chicago White Sox.
When a major leaguer plays on a rehabilitation assignment, he may be a member of the minor league team, but he's hardly treated like one. He doesn't travel with the team, appearing only in home games. And he may make only a cameo appearance, depending on where he is in the recovery process.
"You just stick to the restrictions that the player has and there should never be a problem," Kendall said. "The message (regarding Schoop) was for him to play seven innings and get four at-bats. Whatever's dictated by the (Orioles) office is what we go by."
From a geography standpoint, the Orioles have an almost ideal set-up for their minor league rehab assignments. Bowie and Class A Frederick are less than an hour away from Oriole Park by car.
[More Maryland news] These activists want to make Annapolis politics more diverse. Now they're launching a political action committee. »
A player can work out at Oriole Park in the morning, drive to either minor league park, and still be back home at a reasonable hour. Plus, team officials are more easily able to check on the progress of players working their way back from injury.
"It's easy to drive from my house to here," said Schoop, who lives in Canton. "I can get my running in (at Oriole Park), then come here and take some batting practice and get ready for the game."
Orioles manager Buck Showalter loves having the minor league affiliates so close by.
"It's huge," he said. "Whether it's Frederick or Bowie, it's quite a luxury. It's actually … at times helped us win games. We're lucky to have that."
And, there are benefits for the minor league club as well.
[More Maryland news] Tulip Grove renovation on schedule, officials say »
Aspiring major leaguers get the chance to watch and learn from someone already there.
"It's a wonderful experience for our players," Kendall said. "(Oriole shortstop J.J.) Hardy was the consummate pro when he was here. Those (Orioles) players have been very good with communicating some of their knowledge to our players."
Not to be discounted is the gastronomic benefit for the minor leaguers, who often have to eat on the run and often subsist on a lot of fast food.
Baseball tradition dictates that a major leaguer on a minor league rehab assignment buys dinner for his new teammates at least once that's delivered to the clubhouse.
Schoop — who worked his way up from Bowie in 2012 — bought lunch for the team one afternoon and dinner the next night.
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For the minor league team, appearances by major league players can also provide a boost at the gate.
When Hall-of-Famer Jim Palmer made a rehab appearance with then-Class A Hagerstown in 1983, more than 6,000 people crammed into Municipal Stadium — about 150 percent of the antiquated ballpark's capacity.
Once Baysox officials get word that a Matt Wieters or a J.J. Hardy will appear, they try to get the word out on social media in an attempt to boost attendance.
But whether the appearance helps increase the gate or not, Baysox General Manager Brian Shallcross is glad to provide a temporary home for major leaguers.
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"You feel as though you're helping out the Baltimore Orioles," he said. "You certainly don't want injuries to happen at the Orioles' level. But we have the kind of relationship and the facility that they feel comfortable sending their players to. We take a lot of pride in that."
Bowie Baysox
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Unusually I am doing a couple of posts today, I am sure you will all forgive me for the amount of information I am putting on my blog. It's a big, important day.
When you are faced with a report as big and as comprehensive as Born Too Soon: The global action report on pre term birth it can be hard to know where to start. I was very fortunate and honoured to be invited to a press teleconference to discuss the report. One of the key things advocated in this report is Kangaroo Mother Care.
In the developing world, as I mentioned in the earlier post, when we talk about preterm birth we are often talking about babies born after 32 weeks gestation. Often, incubators are hard to come by, or are broken, or over subscribed, or even dirty. Did you know there is a free solution to an incubator for some preterm babies?
Kangaroo care is the art of placing a baby on the chest, usually of the mother. However if the mother is unavailable a father, a grandparent, a sibling or even a foster carer is a substitute. The act of kangaroo care helps to keep a baby's temperature regulated, it helps bolster the mother's milk supply, and it means the baby can feed on demand. No special equipment is required.
Now this seems so simple, but the message is not getting through in all countries. On the conference call there was a writer from Mexico saying that in their hospitals mothers are discouraged from touching their babies. It is clear that the message about kangaroo care needs to get through to where it matters.
Christopher Howson of the March of Dimes stated that its estimated kangaroo care could save 444 000 lives a year. Nearly half a million babies, by a simple, low cost solution.
Kangaroo care has huge benefits for the baby in terms of weight gain, temperature regulation, learning to breathe, controlling heart rate, but it has massive benefits for the parents too. Just look at these happy parents.
Kangaroo mother care can save lives. Help spread the word.
We noticed a vast improvement in Alex's condition after we started kangaroo care at around 32 weeks gestation. Maybe it was coincidence but he started to improve with his breathing and went from a baby who didn't want handled to an affectionate little boy who loved to snuggle with mum. It was my first real bonding experience with Alex and without it I think I would have struggled more with the NICU experience without it.
Yes, yes, yes! Kangaroo care is great. It was strongly promoted in NICU at my hospital (Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne), and was a lovely thing for both my husband and I. When you have the option of sitting holding your tiny baby's hand through the holes in a humidicrib, or snuggling with them, kangaroo-style, there really is no option. My twins, born 32 weeks, were starting to explore breastfeeding by 34.5 weeks, due in large part to several sessions of kangaroo care. Being able to hold them, even when they had wires and leads attached to them, felt calming for both me and my babies. Oxygen and temperature alarms rarely sounded for my babies when they were snuggling with me, even in the very early days. It is all good as far as I can see.


Thaladuwa Road is the connecting road between two main Colombo Roads namely Colombo-Puttalam Road and Colombo - Negombo Road. The Base Hospital, Leading International and Government Schools, Private Dispensaries, Channel Services, Leading Banks, Financial Institutions, Railway Station, Super Markets, Churches, Shopping Complexes and Govt. /Private Sector Institutions, Religious Places etc.are within a radius of 3 Km.


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Cat lovers, farmers, and ski enthusiasts? Lesser-known facts about the Vikings
(Flickr/Larry Lamsa)
1. Our days of the week are named after their gods
Well, most of them are. Aside from Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, the rest of the days of the week are named after Norse gods, Tiu (Twia) is the English/Germanic god of war and the heavens. He's identified with the Norse god Tyr, a Norse equivalent to the Greek god, Ares.
(Photo by CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Images)
The other three days, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday are named after Woden, father supreme of the Norse gods; Thor, Norse god of thunder, and Freya is the goddess of love, fertility, beauty, and marriage. So the next time you are having some serious TGIF vibes, you can give thanks to the Vikings.
2. They did not call themselves Vikings
Unless you are a fan of the Minnesota Vikings, you would not call Vikings, well, Vikings. The name was a verb in Old Norse that meant "a pirate raid" and Scandinavians referred people who went on raids as those "going viking." Over time, the Scandinavians gained an affinity for "going viking" and the word changed into the noun as we know today.
A hoard of Weapon wielding viking warriors sitting around a campfire in a battlefield scene in the countryside (Getty Images)
So, if you went back in time and called the Norse "Vikings" you'd look like a ding-bat. The Vikings weren't an easy-going bunch either. If you want to impress a Viking, blend into the crowd and call them either Norse, Norseman, or Danes.
3. No horned helmets
Were the Vikings grizzly looking characters who wore bear pelts on their shoulders, handled large shields, swords, and most importantly, donned horned helmets? Because let's face it, a Viking isn't a Viking without his horned helmet! We hate to be the one to burst your bubble, but the horned helmets weren't as common as Hollywood would have us think.
Dated 5th Century (Photo by: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
Vikings didn't wear horned helmets. In fact, there are no records of Vikings ever wearing horned helmets (sorry to disappoint). The trend might have started when 19th-century painters portrayed our sea-faring friends with the horned cap based on derogatory descriptions from northern Europeans such as the ancient Greeks and Roman chroniclers.
4. Vikings did not drink from skulls
Vikings may have been raiders, invaders, and traders, but they weren't skull cap drinkers. In fact, the earliest recording of any civilization drinking out of human remains was written by the Greek historian, Herodotus, in his book Histories where he named Scythians, a group of Eurasian nomads, as the real cranium sippers.
There hasn't been archaeological evidence proving his claim, but there's nothing written in the books that the Vikings participated in this formidable and cringe-worthy tradition. They did like to drink out of bones though: they drank out of the horns of cattle, which may be where the rumor originated from.
5. Mead was made from fermented honey
Since we're debunking myths here, we can confidently say Vikings didn't drink the blood of their enemies. Instead, the Norseman's thirst was quenched by the golden nectar of the gods: Mead. Also called metheglin, this delicious brew is made from fermented honey, water, and sometimes yeast. Other ingredients included spices and herbs such as cloves, ginger, rosemary, hyssop, and thyme and can be light, rich, sweet, dry, or bubbly.
Decorative Viking hoard cups. (Named the Vale of York cup and the Halton Moor Cup) Made from gold and silver. Decorated with animals and foliate patterns. Found buried in England. Were buried shortly after AD 927. (Photo by: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
Our Viking pals would drink an abundance of mead, not just out of the usual pleasure of getting smashed. It also held medicinal properties too. Unlike our Greek friends in the Mediterranean, our Viking pals didn't have the vines to create wine. They had honey, and honey is an antibiotic that not only tasted great, but helped in blood-purifying, digestion, and stimulated immunization.
6. Good hygiene
You'd think that rowing massive ships, sailing across the seas, and farming, would rack up a nice and potent stench under the arms of our humble Viking friends, but that couldn't be further from the truth. In fact, compared to other Europeans of their time, Vikings were generally a clean bunch.
AMP-google
Viking period: Comb and Comb-Case made form Deer Antler and Bone, from the Yorkshire Museum, York. (Photo by CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Images)
Artifacts excavated from Viking sites revealed tweezers, razors, combs and ear cleaners made from animal bones and antlers. According to History.com, Vikings even bathed once a week and enjoyed dips in local hot springs. Plus, how could a Norse rack up musk in colder climates like Iceland or Scandinavia?
7. Better to be blonde
Okay, out of all the things you heard about Vikings, this one is most likely the most accurate depiction of Viking culture. Still, it's not quite what you think. The most common natural hair colors a Viking man or woman were brunette, red, or black. Blondes were actually pretty rare.
Beautiful Blonde Sword-wielding Viking warrior female (Getty Images)
Those born with blonde hair were considered attractive and more desirable. Both men and women used soap with high quantities of lye to strip pigments from their hair to appear more blonde. It has even been documented that lightening their hair helped manage head lice, a nice bonus of this cosmetic trend.
8. Notched teeth
In some cultures, ornamented teeth represented status or regarded as a fashion statement. Vikings were different. Anthropologists can't seem to riddle out the notched teeth belonging to the Norse. Filed evenly, and notched with noticeable lines on the tooth's face, 24 male skulls were excavated with delicate line work.
(Flickr/hape662)
National Geographic reports the practice could have been adopted after encountering West Africans who filed their teeth during their voyages to Spain and the Mediterranean. However, they filed their teeth into points, not evenly. The only other place in the world that has a similar horizontal filing was in the Great Lakes of America. It's assumed the trend could represent an achievement or ornamentation.
9. They could navigate with zero visibility
Vikings kicked some serious butt both in an out of the water. Not only were their ships impeccably crafted and some of the most reliable ships in the world at the time, but they were also serious ocean navigators. They could navigate through thick fog, even with low or zero visibility.
Illustration from Le Petit Journal, 1911. (Photo by Stefano Bianchetti/Corbis via Getty Images)
When they didn't have the sun or the stars to guide them (though it was highly unlikely they didn't use a compass) it's believed that Vikings used an instrument called a sun-shadow to help them navigate. With their brilliant navigation skills, the Norse were able to find their way along the rivers of Russia, Germany, and were able to trade with Arab and Eastern countries.
10. Women were warriors
There is evidence of women taking on the role of the warrior. Though rare, Byzantine-era historian Johannes Skylitzes recorded on History.com that women fought alongside a group of Vikings in a battle against the Bulgarians in 971 AD. A 12th-century Danish historian described female Vikings as "communities of warrior women as shieldmaidens who dressed as men and devoted themselves to learning swordplay and other warlike skills."
Blond braided weapon-wielding Viking warrior female alone in-studio shoot (Getty Images)
Most of the information we know about the Viking warriors come from the literature or various and nearby communities. There are several accounts of female warriors rolling around on the Viking raids, who are known as Valkyries. In myth, Valkyries are fierce warriors who raise the souls of fallen warriors to Valhalla.
11. Vikings founded Dublin
Dublin was established by the Vikings themselves, though the way they went about it was pretty brutal. The Vikings created settlements in Iceland, Greenland, Normandy and Newfoundland, Canada, and raided nearby neighbors like Great Britain along the way. Because they were making their way through the area a lot, they started setting up posts.
Typical Viking's village. Wooden houses near Vestrahorn mountains on the Stokksnes Peninsula, Hofn, Iceland (Getty Images)
They invaded Ireland in the early 9th century where they established a kingdom called Dyflin, which later became modern-day Dublin. It was a major trading post and traded anything from precious metals, fabrics, weaponry, and horses. Dyflin was also a stronghold in Ireland, and the Vikings ruled Dublin for 300 years and meld with the Celtic people.
12. Active in the slave trade
It's hard work maintaining farmland or a household on your own. For Vikings, it was an impossible feat without slave labor or "thralls" as they called them. Like the slaves of ancient Greece, Rome, and Egypt, human trafficking was one of the Vikings' major economic trades. In fact, it was a lucrative trade that encouraged raids.
(Photo by Danny Lawson/PA Images via Getty Images)
Many Vikings got rich by abducting people from various settlements around Northern Europe. The usual choices were women and young boys and many of the raiding Norseman would pillage any village they came across including Anglo-Saxons, Celtic, and Slavic establishments. Laborers were high in demand.
13. Abandoned sick children
Not their proudest moment on this list, but according to History.com, Vikings valued physical strength above all else. They relied on their good health for survival, whether that meant tending their land or racing into battle. That affinity for the physically strong was handed down from generation to generation, And not just by societal pressures either.
Viking warrior family in studio shoot (Getty Images)
Their lifestyle very much depended on being self-sufficient, and the Viking lifestyle, whether at home or abroad, was often physically demanding. For this reason, if a child was born with defects or sickly, particularly if the child's condition meant a lifetime of dependence on others, the Vikings would abandon them.
14. Trading and raiding
Trading was essential for the Vikings. They blazed the trail for many of the critical trade routes and had more mobility than most other groups of the day thanks to their superb ship building skills. They are widely believed to be the first Europeans to reach North America. But their motivation for sailing into the unknown was trade.
The Cuerdale Hoard; part of a Viking silver hoard found in a lead chest beside the River Ribble at Cuerdale, Lancashire. Consisting of around 7500 coins and 1200 pieces of bullion. 905 AD. (Photo by: Photo 12/ Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
They would traverse as far as Africa for precious goods. Excavated burial sites revealed dirhams — thin silver coins of the Arab world — dating between 750 to 950 AD. Other excavations revealed Persian jewelry and Chinese silks, which suggested an intricate network of barter trade. They traded furs, amber, ivory, and slaves.
15. Justice systems were (almost) like ours
The Norse had an oral culture that helped establish both law and government without so much as having a written text. All free men gathered in their communities to make laws and decided cases in meetings called a Ting. Each community had its own Ting. Like our legal systems, there was a plaintiff and defendant, and a jury.
Image of the Lindisfarne Stone from Holy Island, Northumbria. It shows seven warriors, possibly vikings – their first recorded raid on Lindisfarne was in AD 793. (Photo by CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Images)
They were most likely made up of a local, powerful family, or sometimes multiple families. Malefactors who are tried and found guilty are either fined, declared semi-outlaw, or fully outlawed. To be an outlaw was complete banishment; his property would be confiscated and he would receive no help from the community.
16. Women had rights
Viking Age Scandinavian women enjoyed a tremendous degree of freedom when compared to the Viking women settlers of Iceland and Greenland. Unlike the Viking settlers who depended on gender roles (dividing keeping the land vs keeping family), Scandinavian women were able to own property, request a divorce and reclaim their dowries if their marriages started to take a turn for the worse.
Sword-wielding Viking warrior brunette female in studio shot (Getty Images)
And if their husbands died, women were expected to permanently take over their husband's roles as the providers of their households. As such, they were able to obtain economic opportunities that were rarely offered to contemporary women in other parts of Europe. Some women were even traders, warriors, and farmers.
17. They discovered America (probably)
Columbus discovered diddly-squat compared to the Vikings. You can thank Leif Erikson for stumbling across the North American continent. The son of Erik the Red and legendary explorer, Leif was said to have been the first European to discover North America while accidentally trying to make his way toward Greenland.
Viking ships sailing towards an unknown land. (Getty Images)
He instead landed in the shores he called Vineland or today's Newfoundland. It was rumored to have an abundance of grapes and a lush landscape, but Leif wasn't interested in the scenery. He took one look at the new land and decided to turn back and set sail for home. Leif returned to Greenland, dragging his men back to his settlement.
18. Viking soup
Being a Viking equates to a life of bloodshed. When warriors return home to camp, women were accustomed to seeing some gruesome gashes and scrapes. To prove whether a wound was fatal, women would create a strong-smelling soup made from onions, leeks, and herbs. They would force-feed the wounded warriors, making sure they swallowed every bite.
Preparation of pilaf on fire. Tourist bowler with food on bonfire, cooking in the hike, outdoor activities.(Getty Images)
Once finished, the women would lean over and smell the open wound. A wive's tale and remedy: If the women could smell the aromatic soup in the wound, it meant that the wound was fatal. If she didn't smell anything, the women would proceed to aid the warrior to recovery.
19. They went berserk
Vikings were known to be savage on the battlefield. So savage that warriors hellbent on bloodshed were known as berserkers. The name suggests that the berserkers wore bearskins and were a special class of warriors who was blessed by the god Odin, the supreme god of the heavens and god of war.
Shot of Advancing Army of Viking Warriors. Medieval Reenactment. (Getty Images)
The chosen warriors would work themselves into a state of frenzy and "supernatural power" so intense that they bit on the edge of their shield and could ignore the pain of their wounds. Some hypothesize it could be one or two things: The first is natural adrenaline, the second, shrooms. That's right. It's been rumored that before battle Vikings would consume "magic mushrooms" to help them blitz for battle.
20. They were short and lean
If you think Vikings were nothing but rippling muscles covered in leather, furs and resembled Conan the Barbarian you'd be bitterly disappointed. The Vikings didn't look like body-builders. In fact, the majority of Norsemen were lean and would reach anywhere between 5′ 7″ – 5′ 9″ in height and dedicated their time in one field: the wheat fields.
Close up of sword wielding dirty and bloody viking warrior in studio shot (Getty Images)
In fact, most Norse were farmers, held a scythe, and maintained a balanced diet of protein, grains, and greens. Sure, some pillaged, but as you recall, in the Viking age, "Viking" was a form of action and not a title. For those who didn't partake in Viking, they spent their humble lives as farmers. That'll do pig, that'll do.
21. Buried not burned
There is nothing nobler than setting a corpse on fire in open waters, watching as red flames turn a beloved and honorable warrior or dear neighbor into charcoal, then become food for the fish. As honorable as it sounds, the Vikings actually buried their dead in boats rather than burn them.
Wooden bridge through the fjord. Old viking boat replica in a Norwegian landscape near Flam, Norway. (Getty Images)
Only the most honorable and noble of Viking persons were buried with ships. Vikings loved their boats, which were a fortress on the sea, so to be buried in one was a great honor. Like ancient Egyptians, Vikings saw the ship to help serve the dead to reach their final destinations. It wasn't just men who reserved the honor, but women too, and sometimes sacrificed slaves.
22. Marriage was bargained
No matter how you look at it, marriage is a ritual. Even if that ritual includes a bride-price and a dowry, a marriage is a binding contract that confirms the unity of two individuals into one household. It was no exceptions for Vikings. Women were expected to marry between the ages of 12 to 15, and their marriages were arranged even sooner than that.
Beautiful Blonde viking warrior female sitting with a handsome bearded male soldier and a wolf in a traditional campsite (Getty Images)
In the marriage agreement between the two families, the groom's family paid a bride price to the bride's family once the happy couple was married. The bride's father paid a dowry, and there was even an agreement between the two families should the couple divorce. Norsewomen had certain privileges, and one of them was the power to divorce.
23. They blended with other cultures
Vikings had invaded multiple countries within the three-hundred years they were in power, so it's only rational that Viking men would mingle with a diverse crowd of women and establish settlements. According to National Geographic, five hundred years before Columbus sailed to America, a Native American woman may have voyaged to Europe with Vikings, according to a new DNA study.
A group of viking warriors sitting around a campfire at night by the sea (Getty Images)
Analyzing the DNA passed from mother to child, scientists found more than 80 living Icelanders with a genetic sequence that is found in Native Americans. Scientists are still trying to identify if the exact cause for the blending. What is known, however, it is confirmed that Norsemen did inter-marry with Celtic women when journeying to Ireland.
24. Not all of them pillaged together
Think of Vikings as a biker gang. they really were a gang that rolled around together and took what they wanted. The Viking people did not belong to anyone colony or one country and did not recognize fellow Vikings. It was during the Viking age that many countries contained a "patchwork" of chieftain-led tribes.
Viking equipment in a winter forest (Getty Images)
When they weren't wreaking havoc on foreign shores, they were getting into squabbles with their neighbors. An aggressive bunch, the Vikings expanded solely to find newer and finer resources. during the times that they weren't pillaging and invading (Viking downtime, if you will), they were settling in new grounds and making their mark wherever they could latch.
25. Spent most of their time farming
Vikings weren't always war and bloodshed, most Norse populations had a simple farming life. As stated before, Vikings were too busy moving around, establishing settlements and fighting to survive. Norsemen grew oats, barley, and wheat, and ground the grain to make flour, porridge, and ale (because you're not a Viking without ale, come on).
The Life of the Vikings more than 1,000 years ago is the subject of an impressive museum with a replica of a Viking village. Tourists and students to be informed clearly about the past. (Photo by Klaus Rose/ullstein bild via Getty Images)
They grew vegetables such as onions, beans, and cabbage, and raised livestock such as pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, geese, and chickens. It was a much more domestic lifestyle that many Norsemen chose over a life of plundering. Not quite as exciting as the seafaring, village plundering counterparts, which is why their TV deal has been harder to push through.
26. Used fungus and human waste to start fires
In the boy and girl scouts, they are taught multiple ways to start a fire. One of them is the useful invention of a Firestarter, one scrape of the stone and voila, fire! In the 10th century, however, there wasn't the modern convenience such as a Firestarter or even a flashlight. Instead, Vikings used a fungus called touchwood, a plate-shaped mushroom that grows along tree bark, and boiled it for several days in urine.
Three enormous bronze swords stand monument to the battle of Hafrsfjord in the year 872. (Photo by: Birgit Ryningen/VW Pics/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
That's right — using a combination of tree fungus and human waste, the Norse would take the urine-boiled fungus and pound it until its texture resembled felt. The sodium nitrate in the urine would allow the material to smolder so Vikings could take the fire with them anywhere (porta-potty has a whole new meaning).
27. Skied for fun
Skiing has been a favorite Viking past time for the last 6,000 years. However, there are some speculations that the Russians may have invented the sport ever earlier. According to BBC, fragments of ski-like objects were discovered in 1960. Turns out, they dated back to 6000 BC in Northern Russia.
However, the Vikings mostly used skis for recreational purposes and competitive sport. It was also an efficient way to get around. It became so popular that they worshiped a god of skiing called Ullr. He was also a great archer, hunter, and skater. Just a really outdoorsy kind of God.
28. Responsible for spreading house mice
The Vikings were one of the many civilizations responsible for spreading house mice worldwide. National Geographic reported DNA research that showed a genetic pattern found only in mice originating from Norway. That kinda pointed the finger at the Vikings, because as you may recall, Norway was the Vikings' home base.
(Wikimedia Commons/geograph.org.uk)
Research also shows that cats were taken on board with their human companions, both on boats (which is probably how the Norwegian variety spread to other geographic areas) and on the homestead to help curtail the mouse population. No word on whether or not the kitties wore horned helmets, but one can hope.
29. Warriors believed Valkyries would take them into Valhalla when they died
We seldom hear about women in mythology. Unless it's Greek then there's a fat chance you won't find much about women in mythology, especially any that hold any power in the mortal realm. But there is one female presence that strikes fear even in the hearts of men: Valkyries. Powerful beings adorned with swan feathers, shields, and chainmail, they are Odin's prized warriors.
The Ride of the Valkyries. Found in the collection of Nationalmuseum Stockholm. (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images)
It was the Valkyries who chose the fate of fallen warriors. Only the fierce and brave were allowed to enter Valhalla and meet the powerful sky god Odin, while the benign are sent to Freya's field, Folkvang, the adobe of the goddess of love, fertility, and sometimes war.
30. They used stones to navigate on a cloudy day
Once a myth, now a plausible explanation. The Viking sun stones have been stumping experts since they discovered it was first mentioned in The Saga of King Olaf. Smithsonian reports it wasn't until 1967 that Danish archaeologist Thorhild Ramskou came up with the idea that chunks of crystals found naturally in Scandinavia could have been used to help Vikings navigate on grey and cloudy days out at sea.
In 2011, experts put the hypothesis to the test and used a common crystal called Iceland spar, a type of calcite, that could have been used by Norse sailors. When holding the transparent crystal to the sky and rotated, "the crystal polarized and depolarized light in a certain pattern which could reveal the position of the sun."
31. They were cat lovers
They are the perfect lap warmers in a harsh Greenland winter. Dogs are great and all, but for the Vikings, cats were a big deal. So much of a big deal that their fertility goddess, Freya, had a chariot pulled by two blue-grey colored cats. Not only did they get rid vermin, but they were kept as companions.
(Flickr/Pieter & Renée Lanser)
Which made sense, because who else is going to understand a Viking better than a cat? BBC recorded how Thor, the god of thunder, tried to prove his strength by lifting a mythical, giant cat, but could only lift a single paw. Even the mighty Vikings were no match for Fluffy.
32. They painted their shields to hide the grain
So we know about their swords, but what about their shields? You'd think Viking warriors would paint their shields as a form of loyalty, painting the very things that protected their bodies as a symbol to those they are protecting. Well, you would be wrong. You see, it didn't really matter what color they painted their shields as long as it hides the wood grain.
Sword-wielding bloody Viking warrior alone in a winter forest (Getty Images)
If their enemy could see the weakest place to strike, you better believe they would strike there first. What also made the shield so special was its shield boss or sköldbucklawas. It was a metal center created not only to ward off enemy blows but to also bash against their attacker.
33. Their houses only had one room
The Viking home was rectangular in shape and only had one room (sorry kids, no one gets their own bedroom). This one open space would revolve around a central hearth where most of the cooking and spinning is done. Women mostly stayed indoors and often take on the responsibility of keeping up the house and tending to the cattle.
Replica of Norse Viking longhouse at Brookpoint, Unst, Shetland Islands, Scotland, UK. (Photo by: Arterra/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
Not only did they spin for their children and the elderly, but they were also responsible for the dairy. The rectangular houses have been found in Sweden, Newfoundland, York, and Dublin. Their homes were usually constructed out of wood, stone, and turf.
34. Their meals were decent
We know about the Viking's onion soup, but what else did the Norsemen consume other than stew? Not much else. But, they do mirror some diet choices we make on the daily. For instance, while working in the fields, most of the Norse would enjoy some cottage cheese with a crust of bread.
(Flickr/Marco Verch Professional Photographer and Speaker)
If they're lucky, have a bit of dried fruit such as a plum or crabapple. Breakfast is usually leftover dinner, which was prepared in a cauldron made up of boiled lamb bones, grains, beans, peas, carrots, and turnips. If they had a feast, various meats, cheeses, fish and dried fruits drizzled in honey would be presented. By no means was the average Norsemen starving.
35. Vikings wore makeup
If you're a fan of the History Channel show, "Vikings" then you often saw some of the characters, men, and women donning on some interesting face paint. What is up with that? Well, it's true for one. Vikings did indeed wear some liner, which was made out of dark-colored powered made of crushed antimony, burnt almonds, lead, oxidized copper, ash, and soft semi-precious stones.
Death of a Viking warrior, 1909. Private Collection. Artist : Butler, Charles Ernest (1864-1933). (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images)
Sure they looked fierce, but it wasn't all for looks. The liner was used to protect their vision from the sun's glare. Imagine running into battle or working in the field with having to constantly squint away the sun? This is a perfect example of how good eye-makeup can literally save lives.
36. Their ships were built like tanks
If you know anything about maritime vessels than you would know that none was more progressive in history than the Viking longship. Able to hold 25 to 60 men the largest ships were said to hold up to 100. The raiding crew sat in the top deck while sailing at 10 to 11 knots.
Excavation of Oseberg Viking age ship discovered in a large burial mound at the Oseberg farm near Tønsberg in Vestfold County, Norway began in 1903, The Oseberg ship dated from 834 AD, was pulled ashore and used as a burial ship for the two ladies. (Getty Images)
They had iron-clad bows and sterns with mastheads intricately carved as fierce dragons. The draconic face would strike fear into their enemies and intimidate civilians they planned to raid on the shorelines. Their propped shields on either side of the ship were also used as an intimidation tactic.
37. They used legendary swords ahead of their time
The Vikings were ruthless in battle. A hardy bunch, they're capable of withstanding just about anything at the hands of their enemies. With the right tools, or in this case weapons, who could blame them? No other weapon was more terrifying than their swords. Though many carried weapons, none was more legendary than the Ufberht.
Medieval warrior equipment on a cold seashore at dusk (Getty Images)
It's said to be made out of a metal so pure that its existence baffles archaeologists today. Used between 800 to 1,000 A.D. the swords would have been forged under 3,000-degree heat, an impossible temperature to reach until the Industrial Revolution 800 years after. Only the most elite and skillful Vikings carried a Ufberht.
38. We're not quite sure of Bjorn Ironside was a real king or just a legend
Bjorn Ironside, a character from the popular TV series Vikings, is central to Viking folklore and history. He was known for being a fearless warrior. In one story, he accidentally raided the wrong Italian city, but still succeeded in capturing it.
Supposedly, Bjorn kicked off a 200-year-long dynasty known as the Museo Dynasty. There are confirmed rulers from this period – the supposed great-grandsons of Bjorn Ironside. But historians believe the account that relate to Bjorn Ironside himself sound more like legend than fact, and find contemporary historical accounts of him to be unreliable.
39. The Norse and English languages merged
Historians believe that there was a specific point in time that the English language and the Norse language integrated.
The Vikings had raided English islands with settlements around 800 A.D. Through those settlements, they came in contact with other English people.
sarahsenoj via Creative Commons
As time went on, their cultures became increasingly mixed. They farmed together, traded regularly, and English–Norse marriages grew.
Through these integrations, the languages began to borrow terms from one another. English adopted many terms from the Norse language. As language is always evolving, it's safe to say that Viking terms had a strong influence on English as we know it.
40. They believed in zombie-like entities
Vikings believed that once someone passed, there was a possibility that their body would come back to life and try to cause as much harm as possible while it was in this zombie state. they called these creatures Draugrs.
Shirlaine Forrest / Contributor via Getty Images
In order to prevent this from happening, certain burial rituals were developed. For one, when they were carrying the deceased to a grave, they wdoul zig zag, elevate and lower, and take long paths to the burial site in order to confuse the Draugr. For a little extra protection, they would tie the big toes of the deceased together so that it they did come back to life, they would not be able to walk.
41. A kransen signaled Viking woman's marital status
Weddings were a big deal in the Viking culture, and they had many traditions and rituals that went along with the big day.
One such ritual was the kransen, a circular hair piece a Viking woman would wear with her hair down.
Creator of replica
On the day of her wedding, the Viking bride would remove her kransen, and save it in case she ever had a daughter. The kransen would then be replaced by a wedding crown.
The day after, once the wedding was consummated of course, the woman's hair would be tied up and covered with a cloth, signaling that she was now married.
42. They used a "bouillon economy"
As Viking trade expanded, it became increasingly difficult to determine just how much each good was worth when trading against other types of good.
Coins had already been invested and indeed, Vikings had exposure to these coins thanks to their trade with the Middle East and Far East.
The Vikings leveraged precious metals like gold and silver to establish value through an intermediate means of exchange, sometimes directly melting down the coins from their trade in the Middle East into other units of measurement or jewelry.
Over time, silver became the basis of the Viking trade economy.
43. Women made the first move in romance
When it came to love and romance, women often made the first move. If a Viking woman wanted to signal to a Viking man that she was interested, she would make him a shirt.
If the man was interested, she would accept the shirt his admirer had made him. He took it from there. His next move would be to pick her up, and set her down next to him. If the spark was there, he would then put her in his lap.
44. The mystery of the Uunartoq Disc
In 1948, a mysterious Viking artifact was found in an archeological dig. It was an acient wooden disc (or, half of it anyways) with notches in it, which became known as the Uunartoq Disc.
Initially, scientists believed it was a sun compass. But something about it didn't quite add up: For one, it's marking were slightly off, and secondly, without land visibility, it would be very difficult to accurately determine true North.
Researchers in Hungry suggested that maybe the instrument was actually more sophisticated than a compass. Small marking on the disc north index suggested it may have actually been used not only to determine where North was, but what latitude the ship was on, helping the Vikings understand if they had drifted North or South on their route.
45. Vikings seem to have vanished from Greenland after five centuries of living there
We know Vikings had active settlements in Greenland starting back to the ninth century. In the several centuries that followed, they not only inhibited the harsh environments – they thrived in them.
Though the community only numbered a few thousands at its peak, their settlements in Greenland included hundred of farms and even large mansions. Ove rthe course of centuries, they regularly traded goods with Europe.
Grid Arendal via Creative Commons
When other Europeans arrived on Greenland in the 18th century, they found nothing but the remnants of the Viking settlements. The inhibits were gone. Though there are theories about what happened to them, their fate remains a mystery.


Such popular attractions as Calgary Tower, Calgary Stampede, the Glenmore Reservoir and Calgary Zoo are within a 20 minutes' drive from this 4-star hotel.
Here you'll find all you need for an unforgettable vacation for the whole family.
Exciting and ultimate Oxford Walking Tour with knowledgeable and professional guides will take you to the most popular sightseeing highlighting major attractions.
Acron Waterfront Resort offers guests cozy, secluded location for true relaxation and refreshment.


One man blazed a trail in the sixteenth century that laid the groundwork for countless numbers of Christians. Martin Luther was the primary agent who God used in a mighty way as he hammered his 95 theses on the castle door at Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. He unleashed a theological revolution known as the Protestant Reformation, where the doctrines of grace were recovered and the gospel began to exert a powerful influence in the lives of people.
Counseling Under the Cross by Bob Kellemen explores the life and legacy of Martin Luther and reveals how his theological framework influenced his counseling ministry.
What Shaped Martin Luther's Pastoral Counseling?
Part one explores Luther's background and alerts readers to the oppressive environment that was so common in the sixteenth century. Luther fought desperately to find peace with God but was doomed to failure apart from completed work of Christ which is received by grace alone through faith alone.
The only way Luther found relief is by casting all his hope and future on a sovereign God, by grace alone through faith alone. Kellemen writes, "The Christ of the cross transformed Luther the man terrified before God into Luther the man at peace with God." This newly converted man now saw God in a different light which not only radically affected his life; it altered his ministry at every level.
What is the Shape of Martin Luther's Pastoral Counseling?
"Luther's counseling reflects his theology – it is cross-shaped and gospel-centered." Part two reveals the shape of Luther's pastoral counseling. The author examines Luther's approach to pastoral counseling by exploring two primary angles.
First, soul care: comfort for suffering.Luther's theology and methodology of sustaining and healing are presented with specific examples of how the Reformer encouraged and edified the saints.
Second, spiritual direction: confrontation for sinning.Specifically, Luther's theology and methodology of reconciling and guiding are presented here. Again, the author paints a pastoral portrait of Luther and shows him at work among the Body of Christ. While soul care (noted above) involves comforting and encourages Christians, spiritual direction involves a confrontation with people. Kellemen adds, "In reconciling soul care, we seek to startle one another with the gospel." Such a nouthetic approach is mandated in Scripture (Col. 1:28) and plays a vital role in biblical counseling.
I strongly urge pastors, counselors, and church leaders to prayerfully study Counseling Under the Cross. Additionally, I urge readers to pick up a copy of my recent book, Bold Reformer: Celebrating the Gospel-Centered Convictions of Martin Luther, as a companion volume to Bob Kellemen's excellent work.


Barlow's syndrome is a condition caused by a prolapsed mitral valve of the heart.
Barlow's syndrome occurs more frequency in those patients who experience diseases such as Marfan's syndrome, Graves' disease or rheumatic heart disease.
Treatment is mainly symptomatic but new synthetic valves are now being put in to replace defective ones.
The mitral valve is the valve of the heart which is present between the two left heart chambers ~the left atrium and left ventricle. The leaflets of the valve moves when closing and opening of valves take place. A mitral valve consists of thin tissue strips.
Barlow's syndrome is also called floppy-valve syndrome, mitral valve prolapse or billowing mitral valve syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by the bulging of the mitral valve into the left atrium and occurs when ventricular contraction takes place. Therefore, closure of the valve cannot be achieved and leaking occurs. It can sometimes lead to the development of mitral regurgitation of a severe nature, causing leakage of the blood into the left atrium.
Complications depend upon the severity of Barlow's syndrome. In cases of severe or even moderate prolapse of mitral valve, sudden death can occur. Untreated mitral syndrome can also lead to the development of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, rupture of the chordae or an infective endocarditis.
The prevalence of this condition varies but is considered one of the most common diseases of the heart. The estimated prevalence of Barlow's syndrome is 2 to 3%. This condition can occur in teenagers too. The course is slow and of a chronic nature. In cases of severe disease, sudden death is reported among patients with a prolapsed mitral valve.
The mitral valve prolapse occurs due to degeneration of the tissue which makes the leaflets enlarged and stretched. This degenerative tissue protrudes into the atrium, preventing proper valve closure.
It can also occur when there is a dysfunctional papillary muscle and could be the result of ischemia of the heart or due to dilated cardiomyopathy.
Low body mass index and murmurs are also found in these patients.
If you experience tiredness, dyspnea on exertion, chest pain and palpitation, you should seek the help of your health care provider. If you have been diagnosed with this condition but experience a worsening of symptoms, a doctor visit should be made as soon as possible.
Electrocardiogram by which a clinician can measure the electrical activity of the heart and any kind of characteristic alterations in heart function.
Echocardiogram: this is a heart ultrasound via which a clinician can see the heart. It allows one to access the measurement of thickness of the leaflet as well as its functions. It even determines the position of the leaflet.
Symptoms such as chest pain, migraine, palpitations and dizziness should be treated medically after confirming no significant valve dysfunction. These are easily treated via the use of beta-blockers.
Patients who have had a previous stroke or who are suffering with additional atrial fibrillation, need anticoagulation therapy which is easily done with the use of warfarin or heparin.
In cases of mitral regurgitation, antibiotic prophylaxis is a must before going for any kind of medical procedure such as dental extractions etc.
All such patients can do moderate exercises but should avoid stress as well as CNS stimulants such as coffee or excess caffeine.
Those patients suffering with this severe disease and who have clicks and murmurs on auscultation should avoid sports requiring large amounts of stamina.
Some patients may require a valve replacement due to a decrease in cardiac functioning of around 50%.
Barlow's syndrome occurs with an incidence of 1- 6% in otherwise healthy individuals. The risk factors are certain diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Graves' disease, myotonic dystrophy, Marfan's syndrome, sickle cell disease, Duchene muscular dystrophy and rheumatic heart disease.
A degeneration of the valves is believed to be the result of genetic alteration, which signifies that not much can be done to prevent it.
It is recommended that patients with this disease go for regular monitoring of their valve functioning in order to prevent complications.


You, our intrepid listeners, have spoken, and so next up on the roster of awesome vintage pulp fiction is the curious tale of the electrified cats…better known as "The Scientific Adventures of Mr Fosdick: The Feline Light and Power Company Is Organized" by Jacque Morgan.
I wasn't able to find anything about Morgan other than the fact that he wrote a few pseudo-science stories at the turn of the century; it's possible that this could have been a pseudonym for a writer (or even a scientist) who didn't want to be known for making a couple of bucks writing pulp. That happened quite a lot back in the day!
Nonetheless, Morgan clearly had a vivid imagination and a way with words – and readers agreed, as he wrote at least two Mr Fosdick stories. This one was the first, appearing in the October 1912 issue of Modern Electrics. That magazine was a popular science and radio technology magazine edited by none other than Hugo Gernsback, who would go on to helm some of the most popular pulp magazines of all time.
He published the first fiction in Modern Electrics in 1911, and soon realized just how popular genre fiction was among technically minded folks – geekdom has always loved its speculative fiction!
In "The Feline Light and Power Co.," Morgan captures the inventive, imaginative nature of technological progress in the early Teens, a time when cars were just starting to be seen in many areas and when electrification still hadn't fully taken over.
Of course, figuring out how to power all our tools and toys has always been an issue. Thankfully, the clever Mr Fosdick has things covered.
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text:
In Freetown, inflation puts its feet in the dish of street food
Jariatu Kargbo dips an arm-long wooden spoon into a large bowl of rice in front of which his customers wait to be served on a busy Freetown street.
The 38-year-old widow runs one of the street canteens that offer many Sierra Leoneans the cheapest option for what is often their only meal of the day.
These meals everywhere present and locally called "cookeries" are an institution. They too suffer from the inflation that weighs on all of Sierra Leone.
"The price of the main staples, rice, cooking oil, onions, sugar and flour, has quadrupled," laments Jariatu Kargbo in the vapors of boiled beans.
The consumer fills his stomach here for a fraction of what he would pay in a restaurant.
The people who run these stalls, "mostly women, are like the backbone of the city, they feed it, because a lot of people don't have what it takes to cook at home," says the researcher Jamie Hitchen.
But the raw material, transported from the provinces or from abroad to the overpopulated metropolis, is becoming more and more expensive.
In November, the latest statistics available, prices had increased by 35% over one year.
– Ordinary week –
"In 2021, we paid 1,500 leones ($0.08) for a bowl of rice. Now it's 3,500 leones", grumbles Jariatu Kargbo, who opened her small business to feed her six children after the death of her husband from Ebola fever in 2014.
A market in Freetown, December 4, 2022 in Sierra Leone (AFP – Saidu BAH)
Like many, it sets prices according to the old denomination of leone, which the government divided by a thousand in July.
Despite a subsoil full of diamonds, Sierra Leone is one of the least developed countries in the world. It is very vulnerable to external shocks.
The former British colony and its 7.5 million people were recovering from the 1991-2002 civil war and the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic when they were hit by the Covid-19 pandemic and then by the consequences of the war in Ukraine.
The high cost of living contributed to clashes in August that officially claimed 31 lives in various cities and the capital, including in the Shell Old Road Junction neighborhood where Jariatu Kargbo lives.
The canteen of Jariatu Kargbo mainly sustains motorcycle taxi drivers, street vendors and a certain number of office workers with portions of rice topped with more or less fish or chicken depending on the amount.
"My family and I depend on the cookery to eat on weekday evenings. We only cook at home on weekends, because of the prices," says Francis Koroma, a teacher. came to fill two bowls for the five members of the family.
A street canteen in a busy area of Freetown on December 20, 2022 in Sierra Leone (AFP – Saidu BAH)
Jariatu Kargbo had, like the others, to increase his prices. A dish of rice with potato leaf cost her 5,000 leones in 2021 and 8,000 leones (0.43 dollar) today.
In the more affluent Hill Cot Road area, Fatmata Bangura, 48, sits on a wooden bench, chopping up a cow's tail, or "cow kanda", while her daughter Isata and the four cookery workers bring back the onions, the plantain, the cabbage and the beans in large metal containers over a wood and charcoal fire.
– Gasoline too –
They have been up since 3:30 a.m., when Fatmata Bangura, 32, goes to the market to stock up.
Before 6 a.m., she starts cooking cassava leaves, beans and "tola" stew for breakfast and the lunch dish, commonly "crain crain", made from okra.
Without collapsing, business took a hit.
"Rice, before, we bought it 280,000, now it is 550,000", notes Isata Bangura.
Picking from a plate of stew in front of the stand where he eats at least once a day, Hassan Mohamed Vamboi, a 29-year-old motorcycle taxi driver, gives insight into why cookery bosses cannot pass on all the hikes on their customers.
He himself has to deal with the increase in the price of gasoline. He no longer works 12, but 16 hours a day.
He moved his wife and their two children to his village because his "means do not allow (him) to keep them" in Freetown.
A vendor cuts fruit at a market in Freetown on December 20, 2022 in Sierra Leone (AFP – Saidu BAH)
"It's very difficult right now in the country," he said.
For now, he continues to eat at Isata Bangura and she cooks for customers like him.
"If people come and eat at my place and say: + you cook well +, that motivates me", she says.
USA: at least eight dead after "devastating" floods in Kentucky
Italy: the new Parliament meets, step towards a government
In Finland, Russians on the run from the risk of a border closed "forever"
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Announcing CHPAMS 2nd Biennial Conference MAY 11-13, 2018
November 5, 2017 Jon Morgan
Advances in Health Policy and Healthcare: The Road Ahead
2nd Biennial Conference
A Celebration of the 10th Anniversary of China Health Policy and Management Society (2008-2018)
Invited Sessions and Panels
Call for Abstracts and Organized Sessions
Conference Registration and Travel Support
This is the 2nd biennial meeting of China Health Policy and Management Society (CHPAMS) and its official journal China Health Review. The meeting's theme is Advances in Health Policy and Healthcare: The Road Ahead, with a special focus on Healthy China 2030 national blueprint. Since October 2016, Healthy China 2030 (HC 2030), a national program of action to promote the health of 1.3 billion Chinese population, has been central to the Chinese Government's agenda for health and development, and has the potential to benefit the rest of the world. This conference aims to bridge our minds and draw upon global wisdom in the advances of health policy and health care in China. Participants will include national health officials from China, U.S. public health NGO representatives, world-class scholars from the U.S., China, and other regions in the world, entrepreneurs in the health sector, and so on. Through this platform, participants will have the opportunity to establish professional networks with leaders in the field and enhance their professional career development. The Board of Directors of CHPAMS and Editorial Board of CHR will host business meetings and communicate with engaged members to further promote the organization and the journal to a new stage.
China Medical Board
Yale School of Public Health
Yale Macmillan Center
Yale-China Association
Chinese Economists Society
Global Labor Organization
Call for Sponsorship
2018 CHPAMS Yale Sponsorship Package
Opening Addresses
Consulate General of the People's Republic of China in New York
Lincoln Chen, M.D.
President, China Medical Board
Paul Cleary, Ph.D.
Anna M.R. Lauder Professor of Public Health
Former Dean, Yale School of Public Health
Michael Grossman, Ph.D.
Professor and Director of Health Economics Program
Advisory Board Member, CHPAMS
T Paul Schultz, Ph.D.
Malcolm K. Brachman Professor Emeritus in Economics
Former Director of Economic Growth Center, Yale University
Sten H. Vermund, M.D., Ph.D.
Dean, Yale School of Public Health
Gonghuan Yang, M.D.
Professor and Former Vice Director, China National CDC
Winnie Yip, Ph.D.
Professor of Global Health Policy and Economics
Special Session: "Mining Gold" from Big Data in Healthcare
Hongyu Zhao, Department Chair and Ira V. Hiscock Professor of Biostatistics, Professor of Genetics, Statistics and Data Science, Yale University
Shuangge Steven Ma, Professor of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health
Roundtable: Healthy China 2030 (TBC)
Paul Cleary, Anna M.R. Lauder Professor of Public Health; Former Dean, Yale School of Public Health
Harlan M Krumholz, Harold H. Hines, Jr. Professor of Medicine; Director, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Special Session: Behavioral Health Innovations
Jody L. Sindelar, Professor of Public Health (Health Policy) and Economics, Yale University
and Entrepreneurs from Health Tech Companies
Roundtable: Environment, Climate Change and Health
(Joint with Yale Climate Change and Health Initiative)
Michelle L. Bell, Mary E. Pinchot Professor of Forestry and Environmental Studies and Professor of Environmental Health, Yale University
Robert Dubrow, Faculty Director of the Climate Change and Health Initiative, Yale University
Yawei Zhang, Section Chief Surgical Outcomes and Epidemiology, Yale Department of Surgery; Associate Professor, Yale School of Public Health
Special Session: Environment and Human Capital
(Joint with Global Labor Organization)
Special Reception: Celebrating 10th Anniversary of CHPAMS
The call for abstracts and proposed sessions for CHPAMS Biennial Meetings to be held at Yale University May 11-13, 2018 is now open! We welcome abstracts and sessions on any public health issues in the fields of health economics, system science, global health, health policy, health care management, and/or epidemiology, preferably related to China. Methodological or theoretical innovations related to health policy and management are also encouraged. Organized sessions and individual abstracts will be accepted for consideration by the Scientific Committee. If an organized session is not accepted, the papers included in that session will be considered as individual abstract submissions; abstracts not accepted for oral presentation will be considered for poster presentation. Notification of acceptance will be made no later than January 15, 2018.
Please use our co-sponsor Chinese Economists Society's online submission page to submit individual abstracts now through December 31, 2017. https://www.china-ces.org/Conferences/ConferenceDefault.aspx?ID=48 No CES membership fee is required in order to submit your session or abstract. Each abstract submission should include authors' names, affiliation, and the corresponding author's contact information. A 250-word structured abstract (introduction, method, results, and discussion) is expected.
Each organized session should consist of 3-4 individual papers. Each proposal should contain a tentative name of the session, titles of papers along with their abstracts, as well as names and e-mails of session presenters. If you would like to organize one or more sessions on a specific topic and have speakers/presenters lined up, please submit your proposal to Dr. Zhuo (Adam) CHEN for approval at zchen1@uga.edu by December 15th, 2017.
At least one of the coauthors need to be a registered member of CHPAMS. When submitting the abstract, please indicate which coauthor(s) is a CHPAMS member. CHPAMS membership is open to all with no membership fee. To register, please visit http://www.chpams.org/member-registration/.
The Best Abstract Award: All authors, whether submitting through individual abstracts or organized sessions, have the option to indicate whether this abstract will compete for "Best Abstract Award." The winner will receive $200 plus a certificate, and the full article will be invited to be published in the fall 2018 issue of China Health Review.
1. Registration fee is $100 (by April 15, 2018) and $150 (starting from April 16, 2018), which covers conference materials, food, and other services.
2. For all CHPAMS registered members who are current students and pay the conference registration fee by March 31, 2018, CHPAMS will provide $100 travel subsidy to the attendees.
3. Limited number of travel fellowships ($250) will be provided for students who pay the conference registration fee and whose abstract is accepted for oral presentation. To apply, email member@chpams.org with an updated CV.
4. To receive any of the incentives, participants must be registered as a CHPAMS member on www.chpams.org and pay the conference registration fee.
Job Placement Service:
We call for participation of Chinese universities or other entities to recruit talents during the CHPAMS Biennial Conference. CHPAMS will provide the platform of job matching, including organized introduction and Q&A sessions, interview tables and rooms. Participating institutions will also be invited to become CHPAMS institutional members. For questions, email Dr. Xi CHEN at Yale University (xi.chen@yale.edu).
Yale School of Public Health (May 11)
Yale Macmillan Center (May 12)
Team building activities:
May 2018 marks the 10th anniversary of China Health Policy and Management Society. We will have team building events, and attendants are welcome to participate and arrange their departures from New Haven, CT.
May 12, 2018: Yale campus tour to the historical sites of China's Grand Cross-cultural Educational Experiment (大清留美幼童运动) and Yale-China Association (雅礼中国协会)
May 13, 2018: hiking in the East Rock Park, New Haven, CT.
December 15, 2017: Deadline for submitting organized sessions
December 31, 2017: Deadline for submitting abstracts
January 15, 2018: Notification of acceptance
March 31, 2018: Deadline for students to pay the conference registration fee in order to receive travel subsidy and be considered travel fellowships
May 11-13, 2018: Conference Dates
← 2017 CHPAMS Volunteer of the Year Award2016 CHPAMS Rising Scholar Best Paper Award →


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Home/Tag: Devolution
A League-Union of the Isles of Britain
Devolution, Federalism, UK Constitution, Views from the Federal Trust
By Federal Trust|2021-08-12T15:37:22+00:00August 12th, 2021|Categories: Devolution, Federalism, UK Constitution, Views from the Federal Trust|Tags: constitutional reform UK, Devolution, devolution and UK constitution, UK constitution|
by Glyndwr Cennydd Jones Glyndwr Cennydd Jones is an advocate for greater cross-party consensus in Wales and for a UK-wide constitutional convention. A catalogue of his articles and essays can be found here. This constitutional model presents the opportunity to empower the peoples and countries of these isles within an [...]
Making Public Value Management a guiding idea will be difficult within the UK's dysfunctional hybrid governance system
Devolution, Federalism, Scotland, UK, UK Constitution, Views from the Federal Trust
By Colin Talbot|2021-08-12T14:59:07+00:00August 12th, 2021|Categories: Devolution, Federalism, Scotland, UK, UK Constitution, Views from the Federal Trust|Tags: Colin Talbot governance reform, Devolution, governance, public value, public value management, PVM, UK devolution, UK governance, UK governance reform|
This article was first published by the LSE British Politics and Policy Blog In a recent blog, Arno van der Zwet and John Connolly make a persuasive case for 'doing government better' by embracing 'public value management' (PVM). Of course, PVM is not exactly new. I wrote about 'public value' as [...]
Whose Wales? Calls for greater self-government in Wales scrutinised by new book
By Federal Trust|2021-06-30T09:02:02+00:00June 30th, 2021|Categories: Devolution, Federalism, UK Constitution, Views from the Federal Trust|Tags: Alun Gibbard Whose Wales, Devolution, Gwynoro Jones Whose Wales, Wales, wales brexit, Wales self-government, Welsh government|
by Glyndwr Cennydd Jones Glyndwr Cennydd Jones is an advocate for greater cross-party consensus in Wales and for a UK-wide constitutional convention. A catalogue of his articles and essays can be found here. In this article, Glyndwr Cennydd Jones explores Whose Wales? The Battle for Welsh Devolution and Nationhood, [...]
UK Ministers have little incentive to prioritise Scotland
Brexit, Devolution, Federalism, Scotland, UK Constitution, Views from the Federal Trust
By Federal Trust|2021-05-17T12:52:50+00:00May 8th, 2021|Categories: Brexit, Devolution, Federalism, Scotland, UK Constitution, Views from the Federal Trust|Tags: break-up of the United Kingdom, Devolution, disunited Kingdom, federal constitution UK, Richard Rose Scotland, Richard Rose United Kingdom, Scotland, UK constitution, United Kingdom Brexit|
by Professor Richard Rose FBA Professor Richard Rose is founder-director of the Centre for the Study of Public Policy at the University of Strathclyde; Visiting Fellow at the European Union Institute in Florence; and a Fellow at Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin This article was first published as a comment in [...]
Webinar: Federal Futures – Administration Matters?
2021, Devolution, Federalism, Scotland, UK Constitution
By Federal Trust|2021-06-22T12:32:29+00:00May 7th, 2021|Categories: 2021, Devolution, Federalism, Scotland, UK Constitution|Tags: Devolution, Devolution UK, Federal Futures, federalism, Federalism UK|
ADMINISTRATION MATTERS? 19 May 2021 At this first event of our new series of webinars on "Federal Futures?" we discussed the changing structures and issues for governments and general public administration in, and between, England, Scotland and Wales. Speakers: ON WALES Dr Catherine Farrell, Cardiff University ON SCOTLAND Dr [...]
Webinar Series: Federal Futures?
Devolution, Federalism, Scotland, UK Constitution
By Federal Trust|2021-11-09T18:36:22+00:00May 7th, 2021|Categories: Devolution, Federalism, Scotland, UK Constitution|Tags: Devolution, Federal UK, federalism, Scottish independence|
The Covid-19 crisis, the Government's 'levelling-up' agenda and the SNPs desire for another Scottish independence referendum are together raising issues about the various tiers and responsibilities of UK governments. Professor Colin Talbot, Emeritus Professor of Government at the University of Manchester, will be organising a series of webinars for the Federal Trust on [...]
Hard Brexit plus Covid equals Divorce?
Brexit, Devolution, Scotland, UK Constitution, UK Devolution
By Dr Andrew Black|2020-07-16T13:18:15+00:00July 16th, 2020|Categories: Brexit, Devolution, Scotland, UK Constitution, UK Devolution|Tags: Brexit, Devolution, Northern Ireland, Scotland, UK constitution, Wales|
President Clinton admonished us that it was "the economy, stupid". Perhaps, in the current febrile situation this should be amended to being "it's the politics, stupid". Faced with a 25% drop in GDP in the UK in quarter 2, this might seem surprising to some. But take a closer look. [...]
Johnson's Deal Crosses May's One Legitimate Red Line: Dividing the United Kingdom
By Federal Trust|2020-05-04T09:43:32+00:00October 22nd, 2019|Categories: Brexit|Tags: Brexit, Devolution, UK constitution, Views from the Federal Trust|
by Ira StrausChair, Center for War-Peace Studies 21st October 2019 There was one fully justified Red Line buried amidst Theresa May's long list of them: that no agreement is permissible that would draw a dividing line within the United Kingdom (see The meaning of Theresa May's one legitimate Red Line). [...]


EAST BRIDGEWATER — Chief Scott Allen reports that the East Bridgewater Police Department arrested and charged a man for illegally possessing multiple firearms, hundreds of rounds of ammunition and 19 large capacity magazines on Friday after having his License to Carry suspended in 2017.
At approximately 5:30 p.m. Friday, April 19, East Bridgewater Police Sgt. Michael McLaughlin was contacted by a special agent from the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The ATF agent was investigating the purchase of stolen firearms parts that KOLOZIE allegedly made online recently.
KOLOZIE'S License to Carry was suspended in 2017 and his Firearms Identification Card expired in 2015.
Sgt. McLaughlin and the ATF agent went to KOLOZIE'S apartment at 31 Central St. in East Bridgewater to speak with him.
Upon speaking with KOLOZIE and entering the apartment, Sgt. McLaughlin discovered probable cause that KOLOZIE had illegally been in possession of ammunition at his home.
KOLOZIE was placed under arrest and a search warrant was subsequently obtained by East Bridgewater Police Detective David Perrault to search his apartment.
Through searching KOLOZIE'S apartment, officers located and seized a dismantled AR-15 rifle, a 1911 Colt Commander handgun, 19 large capacity magazines, several hundred rounds of ammunition of various sizes, dozens of parts to various firearms and several components for manufacturing ammunition.
KOLOZIE may be facing additional federal charges as a result of his arrest.
KOLOZIE is expected to be arraigned on Monday in Brockton District Court.
EAST BRIDGEWATER — In a powerful on-camera interview with East Bridgewater Police Chief and OneVoiceEB advocate Scott Allen, Massachusetts State Rep. Alyson Sullivan spoke publicly for the first time about her physical and emotional abuse at the hands of her former boyfriend.
As part of EB HOPE's ongoing video series entitled "Down Addiction Avenue," in partnership with the town school district and the OneVoiceEB campaign, Chief Allen sat down last month with Rep. Sullivan and her sister, Kelly Dwyer, who serves as the Executive Director of the Governor's Council to Address Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence. They filmed two half-hour video segments where they discussed various domestic violence issues, what the East Bridgewater Police Department is doing to address those issues and what resources are available in Massachusetts for victims and their loved ones.
During the filming, Rep. Sullivan, bravely shared her own personal story of abuse in order to show women that there is a light at the end of the tunnel and that help is out there. In November, Rep. Sullivan, from Abington, was elected to her first term in state office, representing the 7th Plymouth District, which includes East Bridgewater, Abington and Whitman.
Rep. Sullivan detailed how a relationship that started off feeling positive turned as her abuser became controlling and began to isolate her from family and friends.
Dwyer spoke during the interview about having to witness her younger sister's situation from the outside looking in and how she was actually angry with her, not knowing at the time the stigma of victim blaming in a situation like this.
In December 2008, after an incident of abuse outside of a bank where the Abington Police were called, an Abington detective gave Alyson his direct phone number and told her to reach out when she needed to.
That day, she said, her best friend picked her up to go to the mall and she told her everything and then she called the police detective and told him about her abuse.
Through reaching out to her friend and the police detective, and through many more tough months of restraining orders and court appearances, Alyson was able to get the help she needed and eventually broke free from the grip of her abuser.
For Dwyer, in the state overall, significant progress has been made over the past decade when it comes to addressing domestic violence and that work continues through her role on the Council to Address Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence.
"For both domestic violence and sexual assault it's still under-reported," Dwyer said. "And I feel like from when I started in this field to where everything is now, we've definitely made some tremendous strides. Even thinking about 10 years ago it was the stigma. It's a stigma to talk about. It's a stigma to be a victim and you put yourself in that situation and there was a lot of that victim blaming. A lot of that has shifted and now we are looking at holding perpetrators accountable, supporting survivors and looking away from the lens of using the term victim.
Chief Allen is an appointed council member of the Military Veterans/Families work group of the Governor's Council to Address Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence. The East Bridgewater Police Department, through its school resource officers, has collaborated with the East Bridgewater school district in addressing students about maintaining healthy relationships and the signs of unhealthy relationships. Last year the school district implemented the Botvin Life Skills Training (LST) curriculum, which is an evidence-based substance abuse and violence prevention program.
The EBPD also works closely with its local coalition partners EB Hope, led by Executive Director Susan Silva, the OneVoiceEB campaign and Plymouth County Outreach to address a variety of issues including substance use, domestic violence, mental health and social-emotional wellness.
Chief Allen offers his sincere gratitude to Rep. Sullivan for sharing her story and to Dwyer for giving her expertise and insight as an expert on domestic violence issues.
On the next episode of "Down Addiction Avenue" EB HOPE will be addressing Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders and help resources in concert with the OneVoiceEB campaign.
EAST BRIDGEWATER — Chief Scott Allen reports that the East Bridgewater Police Department is seeking to identify a man who approached a young boy Tuesday morning and asked if he could look inside of his backpack.
At approximately 8 a.m., a ninth grade boy was walking to school on Plymouth Street, near Allen Street, when he was approached by a man who asked if he could look inside his backpack.
The teen described the man as being "grandfather age," who was wearing a dark colored hat and "nice shoes." The teen told police that he saw the man get into a car and drive down Allen Street.


The youngsters have every reason to enjoy but sometimes they cannot devote the time that is required out of their studies and lag behind in their assignments. Consequently, they face a lot of stress. There are many students who manage part-time jobs, and they find it hard to work on their assignments. This will only harm the student's health. If a situation occurs when the students are heavily loaded with work, unwanted and unwelcoming stress is created.
It is universal; every industry has some sort of deadline pressure. But, freaking out is not the solution.
Have a look at the following ways to beat the stress.
The students should know their pace of working. They should be aware of the average time taken to complete one task or one assignment. This will help the students to make correct estimates of time, which will let them know if your target will be met by the due date. It is suggested to segregate the assignments into small segments and then time them. If one chooses to do the assignment with full dedication the result will be good and there are chances that mistakes will be less. Therefore, it is better to plan the time and then work ahead. By doing this practice, they will be able to conclude the real time when they will complete their assignment actually.
Once, the students have estimated the time to complete the task, now is the time when they have to collect matter and other information required for the assignment. It is important to seek proper guidance. Make use of correct facts and figures (if any) in the assignment, so that there is no inconsistency in the data. There are many online resources available to access the information. Research on the topic properly and then do further work on it.
Never plan rashly. Study the assignment and examine if there are enough resources and time to complete the assignment or project within the deadline. Create a deadline for oneself so that there is no pressure at the end to complete the task. It is recommended to start early. If the deadline is not feasible, it will create a problem for anyone who is doing the assignment.
It should be explained that the deadline is being negotiated with the purpose to yield better results. This will ensure that there are fewer mistakes in the task.
These are some of the decisive steps to release the burden of work. It is better to set one's own deadlines and take sufficient time to complete the assignment.
Never panic in any situation, instead avoid such circumstances by planning everything beforehand. Panic is not the solution to any problem. Deadlines do pressurize the students only when the students adopt a wrong way to work. Therefore, next time sit back and study the project and go for correct time estimations.