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The All-Too-Real Split Between SF and F, a Rebuttal
gitabushi	Literature, SFF, Uncategorized, Writing	 August 14, 2018 August 13, 2018
by Gitabushi
…Here I come.
I give the craziest takes to
Everyone one I meet!
PC is putting his SF&F thoughts on a new blog, for branding reasons. I originally tried to leave this response over there, but my browser was choking on the wordpress log-in. What the heck, yanno? Let's have dueling posts on this topic.
Okay, we've had this discussion before, but I'm going to disagree again, even if means retrenching the battle lines we've fought so many times. I actually think you have some new points, but I have some new counterpoints, too.
I think David Brin has a point. Not as much of one as he thinks, but a point.
I think SF&F doesn't and shouldn't really matter to the reader. But I think it does and should matter to the writer.
You have to know what you're writing, and why.
Sure, there are some space operas like Star Wars that can be re-written as fantasies, and probably vice versa, but they wouldn't satisfy the audience.
Because when I think of all the fantasies and all the science fiction stories I've read, I have noted that science fiction is about ordinary people doing extraordinary things, and fantasy is about extraordinary people…who sometimes are just dealing with ordinary things, like revenge, and rejection from parents and/or being orphaned, or things like that.
Speculative Fiction is really about exploring what it means to be human. Science Fiction tends to be things like, how much can we distort Person and still be human. Fantasy tends to be things like, how much can we distort Reality/Environment and still remain human, and/or how much does power distort humanity versus merely amplifying the baser instincts.
Sure, there are exceptions. Frodo is really just an ordinary person who does great things, as Bilbo was, really. But every non-hobbit in that story was a singular example of something 10 standard deviations above the mean.
Star Wars was both good *and* clearly science fiction when it was just an average farm boy who helps destroy an enemy aircraft carrier with an atomic bomb capability. (Force isn't magic, it's *psionics*. #Duh). But it got worse, disappointed many of its audience, and became fantasy when it became a mundane estranged family relationship story. Not that "becoming fantasy" means "gets worse", but it started as SF, and so got worse the farther it got away from SF and more into mysticism and fate and seeing the future and stuff.
Okay, that explains they difference.
But why does it *matter*?
Because if you are a writer, think of your story. Should it be SF or Fantasy? It depends on who the main character is, what you want him to do, how you want him to change. If you want him to be just an ordinary kid with some exceptional abilities that he can use under duress to save a bunch of people, then you should write a Heinlein juvie fiction SF&F story. If you wan to write about someone who seems normal, but is *really* the heir to some huge power, or huge wealth, or huge kingdom, and he'll spend his time dealing with office politics, then you are probably better off writing a fantasy.
If you want to write about a humanoid race that thinks differently than human, but just as well, you're probably going to write science fiction. If you want to write about a humanoid race that is pretty much fully human in intent, motivation, love hate, etc., just go ahead and write a fantasy.
If you want everyone to have the same tools and powers and opportunities, and just one person has the drive, insight, or persistence to benefit from it, you'll probably use a SF setting. If you want someone to have access to special tools, powers, or opportunities that aren't available for general use, then you'll probably write a fantasy.
Yeah, Arthur C. Clarke said that any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
Well, Arthur C. Clarke was wrong, and if he'd thought it through just a *little* bit more, he'd have realized it. And if he disagrees, he can come here and post his disagreement.
…okay, that was supposed to be for humorous effect.
The thing is, I think Orson Scott Card nailed it when he said that if you include magic, for it to be interesting, there must *always* be a price to using it. Or else, it's just unlimited power and that's boring.
But with technology, there is no price. The price was paid in the development, or in the working out of how to use it without destroying society.
Going back to Star Wars, the Force was fine when it was psionics and there was no price. It became magic when the price was having to struggle with the dark side, maybe cut yourself off from human affections, etc.
There is no price to learning to play guitar except that time it takes to work on muscle memory. But if you sell your soul to the devil to get good…
…that's the difference between science fiction and fantasy. The reader just wants a good story. But if you want to write a good story, you need to know which you are writing, and stick to it.
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23 thoughts on "The All-Too-Real Split Between SF and F, a Rebuttal"
pcbushi says:
A writer can know what kind of story he wants to tell without limiting himself in that way. I'd point to Jack Vance's Gray Prince as a good example. Mostly it's a scifi tale. There are native barbarian (alien) peoples who are spoken of as using magic, but it's mostly written off as superstitious nonsense. Until the protagonists encounter them, that is, and there is actually real magic. It works in the story, genre restrictions be damned.
The difference between magic and "psionics" strikes me as a matter of semantics here. Lucas never said or implied the Force was psionics. It was a mystical force that bound the universe together.
This way of thinking means that any time you want to have magic minus this necessary cost, you can just hand way it away and say it's psionics.
Another interesting point is that maybe there is a cost and it's just not explicit. In Earthsea, you don't find out for a while that magic is limited and is getting used up. And you may say this is a good device, because magic must have a cost. But it wound up sinking the series when the protagonist went from a cool wizard to a boring old man with no more magic.
You could also say that magic, like any other power, corrupts. Is this a cost?
What about magic that requires a catalyst or reagents? Does that count as a cost?
I would say that magic needs rules and limitations; not necessarily explicit cost.
The thing is, ultimately it's all speculative fiction. You can box it however you like, but there are always going to be exceptions, and you'll have to draw new lines and make new (sub) boxes. And I think that's a good thing. Artificial boundaries, like that between, scifi and fantasy, stifle creativity.
gitabushi says:
Okay, probably have to agree to disagree. I still think the best stories are those in which the writer chose science fiction or fantasy for specific reasons of writing mechanics, and constistently develops the story based on those writing mechanics.
FYI: Postman is a good story, overall, but there's a point where Brin lost track of what he was writing (SF or Fantasy), and it damages the impact of the story. Let me know what you think when you read it.
Right, but I think for me it boils down to this – why can't you have scifi elements (advanced technology, aliens, etc) AND fantasy elements (magic, knights, etc)? It seems to me that especially when it comes to the consideration of magic, there is so much in the universe that is unknown and unexplained that there's certainly room for it in certain scifi stories.
One place (timeline? genre? discipline?) that blends them effectively, in my opinion, is Shadowrun.
Maybe there's no reason you can't combine them freely. But I still think there is a difference between SF & F on the nature of power itself: how it is iinfluences, how it is applied to the story. When you use SF, elements, treat them like SF. When you have Fantasy elements, treat them like Fantasy. But to do that, you have to be extremely clear in your mind which is which, and why.
The Barsoom series has SF "furniture", but treats them like fantasy elements. He wasn't really that careful with the science behind them, and it makes some of his plot developments and resolutions weaker.
Interestingly, The Master of Five Magics probably treats magic more like engineering, but I can't recall it enough to draw conclusions from that. I need to re-read it.
Regarding psionics versus magic, it isn't just semantics. At least not at first.
In the original movie, the Force was just a mental enhancement, so subtle that most doubted it existed. It had *limits*.
And the movie treated it as psionics: it just was. You didn't need to know where the power came from, you didn't even need the scientific explanation for it. It was as science (and non-magic) as gravity.
But in the later movies, it helped you jump higher, it let you throw heavy things at people, it helped you communicate telepathically, it helped you see the future, it let you shoot lightning from your fingertips. Then it became a question of how you got the power, and at what cost. I.e., magic. It was no longer just a force like gravity.
So psionics is SF because it is simply a natural ability that everyone has to a certain degree, that science just hasn't really defined yet. But magic is a power, with malleable limits, and only certain people can use it, or there is a cost to using it, to help the story be interesting.
In Star Wars, the important thing was that Luke's father was a great pilot. In later movies, they did a handwave to that to focus on the acquisition of magic power. Star Wars was ruined because it started as a SF story, but changed to a Fantasy story, betraying the premises it established for the audience.
Tomas says:
After exposure to the older science-fantasy of the pulps, I tend to look for other aspects of differentiation between the two, aspects which are distinct but also allow for some crossover. And really, I just think it's a spectrum.
And I read way too much scholastic philosophy, so I'm using that framework.
Science-fiction deals with specifically natural elements of reality. By natural I mean those things which are finitely bounded in such a way that they are accessible to human reason. The world and it's elements are limited to that which is is accord with what we know to be true.
Fantasy is defined by an openness to the supernatural. By supernatural I mean those things which are in some fashion beyond the capacity of human reason. The world and it's elements, while still have clearly natural bounds, also point to some greater reality which, to greater or lesser degrees, manifest within the natural bounds.
Summary: Science-fiction is "natural" speculative fiction, limiting itself to the natural with perhaps only vague intimations of the supernatural ("wonder", "religious insight", "pondering mysteries"), while fantasy is "supernatural" speculative fiction, opening itself to the supernatural in clear and obvious ways (magic, elves, insanity-inducing horrors).
As I've outlined it, they overlap in such a way that all fantasy is a species of science-fiction, while science-fiction need not be a species of fantasy. All fantasy requires some versimilitude as regards it's natural setting – few stories can be "purely" supernatural or they could not be understood by humans (themselves natural and thus requiring the supernatural to make itself known). The farmboys and kings and such have to be believable (read "natural") for the fantastic elements (read "supernatural") to actually manifest in an intelligible way.
This also explains how fantasy is an older genre than science-fiction. It wasn't so much the science that was missing, but older generations had such an intense belief in the supernatural that the natural world could not be properly understood without it. As that started to eat away, science-fiction became a more prominent genre. The first was speculation WITH the supernatural, the second speculation WITHOUT the supernatural. Of course, we still craved speculations which gave us wonder, so science-fiction often appealed to "the future" to give this wonder.
This is also why much early science-fiction is deemed "science-fantasy". It's not that the genres were mixed, but that the natural insights of science were not yet divorced from the earlier supernatural worldview. Only later, under men like Asimov and Campbell, does the shift really occur as the supernatural to removed to leave only the natural.
I would argue the most successful science-fiction tends to find ways to let the supernatural back in, because that is more in line with reality (being a believer in the supernatural, so I'm assuming that position). Star Wars is of course the best example, but one can also point to Peter F Hamilton's space operas, Battlestar Galactica, or the tendency of space horror to be about mysteries beyond human understanding.
Good argument, well developed.
– 10 points for mentioning Asimov in a positive manner.
Now apply/describe how psionics works in SF in your formulation without becoming Magic.
(((This got really long and involved and I rewrote portions and had to stop because this was becoming an essay and I'm just going to leave this here for other's to parse out or as a monument to my own incomprehensible loquaciousness.)))
Well, I'm not sure I mentioned Asimov positively because… I'll come back to that.
Why can't it become magic, haha? We want psionics or similar "powers" to be considered natural, but they are supernatural on the face of it – powers which are clearly beyond human nature.
The two, SF and F, are a spectrum. You rarely find one without the other, really. Even if the "supernatural" is limited to something like "providence" – happening upon the unobtainium – or "mystical math" – Seldon's psychohistory – or "mysterious evolution" – mutants getting powers (like psionics). Science-fiction, in its most "rigorous" form, just ignores these supernatural manifestations and gets on with the story.
They get away with this through the assumed whig history we all have. Those backwards people in the past believed in the supernatural; now we know there's only the natural. Thus if anyone has "magic" powers now or in the future, they are really scientific powers, explainable by natural means with no reference to the supernatural. Thus the force, while perhaps having mystical trappings, is really just the connection of man's intellect through these midichlorians to the fields which all things have and the ability to manipulate them (or some other naturalizing BS).
Modern speculative fiction is a paradoxical backlash against this worldview while still being trapped within it. Reading older fiction, a supernatural manifestation was rare and dangerous, but the supernatural itself still existed all around and was present to all peoples in everyday fashions – e.g. religion, folk wisdom, warnings about the faeries in the woods out back. Of course, this everyday fashion was most people's assume mode of life, and stories were just about the extraordinary manifestations.
As we lost this sense of the supernatural (sense of the transcendent, the numinous, enchantment – it goes by a lot of names) our fiction, strangely, became far more populated with the supernatural (fantasy) or the supernatural-like (science-fiction). However, we also have a tendency to naturalize it because, being good little moderns, we KNOW the supernatural doesn't exist as SUPERnatural, but just an extraordinary example of the natural. In fantasy, this leads to creating intricate mechanical systems for your magic or explaining it away with pseudo-science (midichlorians). In science-fiction, this is all about rigorously ignoring supernatural themes by giving them natural bases (Superpowers? Given by science/evolution/being an alien. Strange, non-human beings? Just humans of a different biology/culture. Traveling far distances or using powerful destructive powers? Just advancements in technology.)
Because of this, I find the more rigorous science-fiction somewhat disingenuous. Asimov is a perfect example. His science-fiction, specifically the Foundation books, are just retellings of history according to his biases gussied up with lazer guns and spaceships. Biases which tend to eschew the supernatural, which is the only real important speculation in his books – discussing the ramifications of psycho-history and what it is would have been far more interesting than just outlining events (characters wondering if they're caught in fate, other wondering if life is just cyclical, others embracing nihilism simply to prove Seldon wrong – and maybe proving him right? Is Seldon some sort of prophet with this knowledge that apparently no one else can wield? [Does this happen in later books? I've only read the first.])
To turn the gun around, a lot of Burroughs tends to do the same – just an adventure novel with Mars/Venus as backdrop. The Therns are his symbol for denouncing the supernatural in it's more wild forms, though his sense of heroism tends to have a soft affirmation of it. He's more complicated than a lot of science-fiction writers, I find.
Fantasy proper tends to confront the speculative aspect head on, tending to dwell on the supernatural, either in a "let's naturalize" fashion which seeks to make the magic play by rules (Sanders), the wonder of the good (Tolkien), or the horror of the supernatural/irrational (Lovecraft/Howard). The first is starting to become gussied up bad science-fiction (see below), the second really good science-fiction with this supernatural focus, and the third pure (and horrific [though amazing]) fantasy with the supernatural fully SUPER-natural (above nature).
Really good science-fiction lets the science open up to the supernatural without breaking the wall. The supernatural does not always "manifest" (magic and the such) in science-fiction, rather the natural world itself becomes a mirror of it. Questions of life and death, meaning and purpose, heroism and selfishness: all of these tend to place one in connection with the supernatural.
I may have misspoke in saying all F is SF, but not all SF is F. Rather, I see F as the more "robust" genre – nature open to the supernatural even in wild manifestations – while SF tends to, at it's best, recognize the Supernatural in reflecting upon the Natural, and, at it's worst, be a way of fleeing and hiding from the supernatural. I find Asimov (and most agnostic/atheist authors) tend to use the field just for that.
This is really good. I don't know whether I agree with it or not, but it is a powerful and compelling paradigm, obviously consistent.
+20 points for slamming Asimov, too.
You make a good distinction between writer and reader. I need to think about this more, but that's a fantastic point.
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H.P. says:
The original Star Wars trilogy is oriented much more as a fantasy in the first movie before shifting in more of a science fiction direction from there.
It is also clearly both fantasy and science fiction. The genres overlap.
You give kudoes to Brin and rip on Clarke?
Your arguments are invalid ;-)
But amusing.
The thing is, Brin is not self-aware. One of the problems with the Postman is he changes the nature of the book near the end. It becomes the fantasy he decries (albeit, with scifi furniture, which is probably why he doesn't realize it).
Brin is not a great writer, but he's done some significant things in SFF history. If you can find it, read the Practice Effect. Good fun!
After reading his "Earth" and 2 or 3 of the Uplift Saga I was done with Brin. He's a high priest for earth worship and when he's burning in hell, you won't find me crying about it….
Rgr that.
I just think he has some interesting ideas. I don't feel persuaded by his obvious Lefty views.
Ahhh. See, I can't separate the two. Glad you can…
I like people who make me think, even if I don't agree with their worldview. It may annoy me, but if the idea is worth exploring, even if to just tear apart, I can enjoy the story.
I got bored with the uplift saga, so I'm not saying I think he's a great writer or anything…
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Paugan Dames
The Paugan Dames emerged out of the cold at a Christmas market in Wakefield Quebec. Acclaimed songstresses Chris MacLean and Alise Marlane are joined by cajun and old time player Tina Therrien in this burgeoning new ensemble. Spicy mandolin, guitar, percussion and stand-up bass create a tasteful backdrop for their rich and sultry harmonies. Serving up an eclectic mix of old time traditional, French Canadian, and contemporary Canadian folk music, their sweet harmonies will make you weak in the knees. Photo by Denis Drouin.
Kristine St-Pierre
Kristine St-Pierre is a bilingual singer-songwriter, an advocate for women's rights and gender equality, and the proud mom of a two-year-old girl named Ava. Her music is described as both fresh and raw, offering a unique blend of introspective finger-picked ballads and rollicking, bluesy melodies. She was nominated for best female singer at the 8th Gala des prix Trille Or in 2015. Kristine is currently working on a second full length album to be released in fall 2017.
Sweet Kate
Sweet Kate is a newly formed ensemble of a cappella singers hailing from in and around Wakefield. Much of their repertoire comes from the madrigal music era (late 1500's to early 1600's), and is polyphonic, light, and melodic in nature. From madrigals to Leonard Cohen to old carols, they sing in three- and sometimes five-part harmony. Provocative music to fill your heart. Sweet Kate is: Stephanie Hill, Eva Meyer, Tina Therrien, Deborah Thomson, and Yvonne Wynen. Photo by Eva Mayer.
Luce Bélanger
Luce Bélanger, is a singer, song writer and poet whose heart felt lyrics of emotion, love of nature and native tradition, namely First Nations makes her music unique. She is proud of her Algonquin Metis culture and heritage and she has created a style of her own. Luce is an artist committed to peace in the world and her work reflects it. Photo by Dr. Peter Stockdale.
Elizabeth Logue
Born at an early age Elizabeth is of Algonquin/Irish descent and grew up in and around the confluences of the Gatineau the Ottawa and the Rideau Rivers. She studied English Literature at Carleton and then bought a truck and hit the road to the Yukon where she lived in a wall tent by the side of the Klondike River and worked a few jobs to save up for the next adventure. She started doing theatre while in the Yukon and continued in Montreal while at McGill University and then back in Ottawa as a member of a Company of Fools Shakespeare company for over 10 years. Her passion for working on education and youth issues brought her to start a career as a federal public servant – working for the people of this land. She is currently Director of Inuit Relations at Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. She is co-producer of Wakefest Arts Festival in Wakefield and volunteers for a few other projects on the side. She lives in Wakefield with Alasdair, Calum and Mairi. The loves of her life. Photo by Fraziska Heinze
Deborah Thomson
A classically trained pianist and a reluctant performer, Deborah is happy to participate again this year. She has spent most of her career either teaching or accompanying singers. (Everything from opera to rock.) She has conducted school bands, as well as choirs. (At times 600 children.) She has also written music for professional theatre. Photo by Eva Mayer.

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SportsBaseballMets
Dustin Pedroia gives David Wright a special gift from Green Monster
Their careers have overlapped in several ways and the old pros have a deep respect for each other.
Boston Red Sox second baseman Dustin Pedroia looks on from the dugout during the fifth inning of a baseball game on Friday, Sept. 7, 2018, in Boston. Photo Credit: AP/Winslow Townson
By Tim Healey timothy.healey@newsday.com Updated September 16, 2018 2:33 AM
BOSTON — David Wright tends not to collect much memorabilia, he said, but when he does, it usually comes from players he admires. A gift from Dustin Pedroia, the longest-tenured Red Sox player, qualifies.
New York Mets' David Wright looks on from the dugout during a video tribute to him in the second baseball game of a doubleheader against the Miami Marlins at Citi Field on Thursday, Sept. 13, 2018. Photo Credit: Kathleen Malone-Van Dyke
During a pregame conversation on the field Saturday at Fenway Park, Pedroia gave Wright a No. 5 placard used in the manually operated scoreboard in the iconic Green Monster.
"It was really, really, really cool," said Wright, who will be activated from the disabled list for the final six games, marking the end of his major-league career. "He's a really good person and it's cool to call him a friend."
Wright and Pedroia, United States teammates during the 2009 World Baseball Classic, have followed similar tracks. Mid-2000s rookies, they became All-Stars and a face of their franchises, winning Gold Gloves and Silver Sluggers before injuries slowed them in recent years. Both are represented by ACES Baseball Agency.
"It was actually nice," Wright said of their conversation. "It's usually a lot more trash talk, but this was probably the first time he hasn't been mean to me."
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Wright shared one story about Pedroia — listed at 5-9 and famous for trash-talking — and a foul ball in Queens.
"We were playing Boston at our place. I was going to catch a foul ball and I reached into the dugout, and I think he was hurt. I didn't get [the ball]," Wright said. "I saw him, and he was already standing up. I asked him to stand up. He said he's 8 feet tall when he stands on his MVP trophy and World Series rings."
Is the Mets' 2019 closer on the roster right now?
"He might be. We'll have to see how the winter goes," manager Mickey Callaway said. "I feel comfortable if one of these guys we have on the roster would be closing. But I would definitely feel at this point it would be nice to add some bullpen depth."
Robert Gsellman, who has received most of the closing chances since the Mets traded Jeurys Familia, has 11 saves.
The name Callaway most consistently mentions when asked about his gaggle of inexperienced relievers is Drew Smith, who has a 1.93 ERA in 21 games.
"I think [the trust] is showed by the way we've been using him," Callaway said. "We've been trusting him to go out there and get some big outs in big situations."
Mesoraco not ready
Devin Mesoraco (neck) is improving but not ready to play. "Hopefully he's going to get into another game before the end of the season," Mickey Callaway said . . . Brandon Nimmo reached base three times Saturday for a Mets-high 27th game this season.
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Sportsman Travel Trailer Student Discounts on Train Tickets, The famous Caribbean carnival has major components like steel pan, calypso, and playing mass which can be masqueraded. Trinidad, which is the capital City of Port-of-Spain, has a beautiful historical background. The organizers form a five day ritual pageant, every day of this carnival is enjoyable. Trinidad Carnival is obviously beginning from the King & Queen Contest. The contest is held on Friday night. 'Panorama contest' happens about the overnight. On Sunday, Dimanche Gras submissions are organized as well as on Monday enjoy J'Ouvert. The carnival ends with 'The Parade in the Bands', on Tuesday. All these events definitely give you unforgettable memories.
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Sportsman Travel Trailer Doesn't Have To Be Hard. Read These 9 Tricks Go Get A Head Start.


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Osun Governor-elect, Oyetola Reveals Plans For State [Read Full Acceptance Speech]
by ykwhizy · September 28, 2018
Governor-elect of Osun State, Gboyega Oyetola, has thanked the people of the state for supporting him to success in the simply concluded governorship election.
Oyetola had on Thursday won the rerun election with a difference of 835 votes as he acquired a total of 1160 votes to Adeleke's 325.
The poll closed with Oyetola winning a total 255,505 votes, 482 more votes than Adeleke's 255,023. INEC's Chief Returning Officer for the elections, Professor Joseph Afuwape, declared Oyetola the winner in Osogbo, the state capital on Thursday evening.
In his acceptance speech, Oyetola described the election as free and fair.
He also thanked President Muhammadu Buhari, APC National Leader, Asiwaju Tinubu and incumbent governor, Rauf Aregbesola, for creating the atmosphere for a democratic process.
His full statement below…
ACCEPTANCE SPEECH BY THE GOVERNOR-ELECT OF OSUN, GBOYEGA OYETOLA, AFTER BEING DECLARED WINNER OF THE GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION HELD ON SEPTEMBER 22, 2018
"Election into the Office of the Governor of the State of Osun was held on Saturday, September 22, 2018, in which I flew the flag of the All Progressives Congress (APC) in a contest with 47 other candidates, representing their different political parties.
"From the field report and the tally of the ballots, there was enthusiastic turnout at the polls. The huge number of candidates who vied for the office was unprecedented. Though there were few glitches and challenges here and there, the exercise was satisfactory. We can say there has been substantial compliance with the provisions of the constitution and the Elect0ral Act.
"However, the election was declared inconclusive after the first ballot and a rerun was slated for Thursday, September 27, 2018, in seven polling units in Ife North, Ife South, Orolu and Osogbo Local Governments Areas of the State.
"This was disappointing. We had enough evidence and field reports, including signed result sheets, from our agents that confirmed that we won outrightly. However, as Democrats, we accepted the verdict in good faith and prepared for the rerun.
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"In the end, I was declared winner by the Independent National Elect0ral Commission (INEC) after securing the highest number of votes cast in the election.
"This election has been keenly contested, and a clear winner could not emerge until the tail end. Indeed, there was a dramatic twist in the end that kept us all on the edge and made Osun the focus of national and international attention. This is an indication of how democratic, free, fair and transparent the election was.
"However, I cannot but observe that the election took place under a much more relaxed and freer atmosphere, compared with the previous elections, particularly the 2014 governorship election, during which the state was put under siege by the then Federal Government.
"The democratic environment created by the APC under which this election was held is a clear indication of the great political development that has occurred in the past three years of our party's administration, under President Muhammadu Buhari.
"This election is primarily a victory for democracy, rule of law and due process. It is a victory for the right of every citizen to participate in their own governance which democracy represents.
"The victory is an affirmation by the people of Osun in the APC government that has been on the saddle in the past eight years; and the acceptance of our ideology. It is a positive affirmation of our people-friendly policies and the way we have steered the ship of state, even under the most challenging circumstances.
"This is ultimately a victory for the people of Osun that have been given a voice and a hope of democratic and responsible leadership.
"I will like to commend and congratulate INEC for successfully conducting a free, fair and credible governorship election. I congratulate also our party, the APC, in Nigeria and South West, for its well-deserved victory at the polls, wrapping up the South West states and giving it the opportunity to use the progressive platform it offers for accelerated development of the region. I also congratulate Ogbeni Rauf Aregbesola, under whom I cut my political teeth and whose tenure was on trial during the election.
READ ALSO: Why I Didn't Support Adeleke During Osun Governorship Rerun – Omisore
"I regard the mandate given to me by the good people of Osun as sacred and I am taking it seriously. Of course, I have been part of the new beginning that started eight years ago.
"Nevertheless, in continuing the glorious path on which I am now very familiar, it is a new beginning for me. I am committing myself the more to the good governance of Osun and the welfare of the people.I will run an inclusive and participatory government. I will consult with the party, workers, communities, traditional rulers, the civil society and the people of the state in their heterogeneity. I will engage the youth, tap into their ideas and enable them to unleash their creative energy in a positive way.
"I pledge to serve God and humanity and the people of Osun with my whole being, without prejudice to religion, ethnicity, race and ideology.
I will like to thank the Almighty God for His grace and divine enablement upon my life, and for fulfilling His promise to bless the land and people of Osun through me.
I will like to thank our great party, APC, for the overwhelming support given to me all through the campaign and for believing in me. The leadership and members of our party nationally and locally laboured hard for my victory. Our National Chairman, Comrade Adams Oshiomhole, backed me to the hilt. I thank him.
The national campaign committee headed by Governor Umar Ganduje and all the APC governors have my commendations and infinite gratitude.
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"I will like to express my profound gratitude to President Muhammadu Buhari for his invaluable support and for leading a delegation of party and government officials to my campaign. Vice President Yemi Osinbajo did a yeoman's job. He made several trips to Osun and supported the campaign with all available resources.
"My immense gratitude goes to Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, the leader of leaders, for his selflessness and absolute commitment to my election campaign and for giving his all.I cannot thank enough Ogbeni Rauf Aregbesola, who gave me an opportunity to serve and who carried me on his shoulders when the going was tough.
"I must thank also the coalition that emerged for the rerun, including Senator Iyiola Omisore of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and Osun Alliance of Collaborating Political Parties (ACPP) that wholeheartedly endorsed and supported my candidature.
I thank my lovely wife, Kafayat, and the children for believing in me and supporting me unreservedly. My wife, in particular, gave me the peace of mind and refreshing comfort at home.
I cannot end without thanking every member of my campaign team for their sacrifice, dedication and commitment. It is their victory as well.I thank all the people of Osun, especially those who believe in our cause and voted for me. It is your victory. I thank our royal fathers, workers, transporters, market women and men.
"The security agencies deserve commendation for keeping the peace and for their prompt response to every security challenge before, during and after the election.I salute members of the media too for their coverage.
Once again, I congratulate and thank all members of the APC in Osun for our hard-won victory, thank you all for your attention."
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A Marriage That Started With a Search for Justice
Mr. Dixon is a project manager at Raw Development, a construction company based in Los Angeles. He graduated from Stockton Unified School District while in prison. Originally from Alameda County, Mr. Dixon now lives in Los Angeles. He continues to fight for his exoneration.
"His hope is to once again become whole," Ms. Lewis said. He also serves on the board of the Anti-Recidivism Coalition, a nonprofit group focused on ending mass incarceration in California.
After their official first date on Aug. 2, 2019, Mr. Dixon told Ms. Lewis that he wanted to meet her son, Cy, who was 7 at the time. Mr. Dixon told her if Cy didn't approve, there wouldn't be a second date. "I had never had a man tell me that my son was his first priority," Ms. Lewis said.
Three days later, he went to Ms. Lewis's home and built a Hot Wheels track to surprise Cy. A few days later, the two met. "After that, I asked Cy, 'Do you like this guy? Do you need more info? Because we don't have to keep him,'" Ms. Lewis said. Cy approved from the start. "Then I knew we would be able to be a family," Mr. Dixon said.
Mr. Dixon proposed to Ms. Lewis at their home Jan. 28, 2021, planning it with Cy. Rose petals were strewn across the room, and Mr. Dixon stood beside a heart-shaped cake holding an open ring box. "He even incorporated my son into his proposal," Ms. Lewis said, "saying that it's because of Cy that he is able to ask this question: Will you marry me?"
The couple were married April 3 at their home in Los Angeles with 10 people attending in person and another 126 on Zoom from all over the world, including England, Israel, Japan, Malawi, Costa Rica, Mexico and Australia. Ms. Lewis's brother, Ryan Hatami, hosted the Zoom celebration from Sydney.
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The Sinatra Collection
Born in 1915, American icon, singer, actor, and producer, Frank Sinatra is considered one of the most popular and one of the 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century by Time Magazine. Not only did he have one of the greatest voices, he was one of the finest actors of his time, winning an Academy Award for his role in From Here to Eternity in 1953. Eleven years later, his song, MY KIND OF TOWN was nominated for best original song in 1964.
Very few people know of his other love and talent which consumed much of his time. Sinatra was fascinated with photography and wanted to learn all he could about this art form. Experimenting with light and composition, Sinatra wanted to learn how the camera worked. He was always trying to figure out how to make a picture better by developing prints in various ways in the darkroom to see the different textures and images he could bring out.
Frank Sinatra's granddaughter, Amanda Erlinger (herself an accomplished artist and photographer) began physically archiving the hundreds of photographs in the Frank Sinatra Enterprises collection; and those in her grandmother, Nancy Sinatra's collection. Amanda was so excited to discover these photographs - she said it was like "utter gold to me, being that I am a photographer myself." To see these pictures that her grandparents had taken, and developed themselves in the darkroom they had in their Hoboken, New Jersey apartment on Garden Street, was a moment that Amanda will never forget. This was the beginning of The Sinatra Collection.
Over the course of his illustrious six-decade career, Chicago remained one of Sinatra's favorite cities. In 1939, he signed a contract as lead singer with the Tommy Dorsey Band, being paid $125 a week at the Palmer House in Chicago. In January of 1940, he made his first public appearance in Rockford, IL at the Coronado Theater. He learned to become a demanding perfectionist and professional from Dorsey which stayed with him for the rest of his career.
As one of the most photographed celebrities of the 20th century, Frank Sinatra was often followed by a cadre of photographers throughout his career. The Sinatra Collection includes rare and vintage personal photos of Frank Sinatra from the Sinatra Family Archive, Capitol Records and Warner Bros. Records by notable photographers such as Terry O'Neill, Milton Greene, David Sutton and others. The collection also includes self-portraits taken by Frank himself in his formative years.
His artistic contributions included music, film and stage. Sinatra was a recording artist, actor, cabaret and concert star, radio, film and television personality, and also produced and directed a few films. He performed on more than 1,400 recordings and garnered 31 gold, nine platinum, three double platinum and one triple platinum album from the Recording Industry Association of America. Sinatra appeared in more than 60 films, receiving numerous nominations and winning three Academy Awards, two Golden Globes, 10 personal Grammys (a total of 21 including those for his albums), and an Emmy.
Frank Sinatra was awarded a Peabody Award, the Cecil B. DeMille Award by the Golden Globes and a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Screen Actors Guild. In addition, he received Lifetime Achievement Awards from The Recording Academy and from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He was awarded Kennedy Center Honors, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. One of the most prestigious awards Sinatra received was the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award given by the Motion Picture Society of America and presented to an "individual in the motion picture industry whose humanitarian efforts have brought credit to the industry."
This exhibition is an homage to one of the greatest artists of all time, The Voice, The Chairman of the Board, Frank Sinatra.
Hilton | Asmus Contemporary is proud to present THE SINATRA COLLECTION.


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Blue Man Group / Greenville, SC / 04-17-07
As the crowd gradually poured into the Bi-Lo Center nearly filling up the arena I began feeling surprised that an act like this would have this much appeal in a medium sized city in the south. As the show got going it became easier and easier to understand why.
The show opener was Mike Relm, a small guy dressed in a black suit with a black tie. He had a turntable with beats, songs, and video programmed in from his Apple i-Book. He took popular songs and beats and transformed them into completely new experiences by mixing, looping and scratching with his turntable. The highlight of which was probably the rousing Zeppelin track, "Immigrant Song." Relm performed his mixing magic for about 30 minutes, and it was a perfect warm-up for Blue Man Group.
The Blue Man Group performance started behind a large white sheet with a strobe light reflecting against it. The shadows of the Blue Men coming through began to play on their amazingly complex PVC giant of a percussion instrument. As the beat grew more and more complex building up to its apex, the curtain dropped, and the huge band behind joined in taking the already intricate percussion progression to a whole new level. The mix of the music and the theatrics of the Blue Men as they pound away really produces an energy level that is unprecedented at 95% of other rock shows.
In my years of going to shows and seeing hundreds of acts I've never seen a band quite like this in terms of skill and size. It consisted, throughout the entire show, of a kit drummer, two stand up percussionists with a huge range of mids and cymbals, two guitar players, a bass player, a keyboard player, and a lovely female lead singer. All of this along with the Blue Men doing their thing to keep the crowd laughing and entertained translated into quite a powerful experience. Mike Relm, the opener, even joined in for a while with his turntable.
The theme of the show was "How to be a Megastar." They obtained a mail order video manual for $1000, which was charged to someone in the audience (nice gag), it and went through the cliched steps of portraying an enthusiastic rock and roller from the fist pump to the rock "clown" horns salute. The songs ranged from choice covers like Devo's "Whip It" and Donna Summer's "I Feel Love" to some very well written and performed original songs. My favorite of which was a 9/11 tribute that was very melodic and haunting. The highlight of the show for me was their remarkable cover of The Who's "Baba O'Riley", which brought the crowd to its feet.
I had heard the Blue Man Group was something you had to experience in order to understand, something you had to see to believe. Indeed if you were trying to tell someone, "yeah, these three blue guys play an instrument made out of PVC", it would obviously be a bit of a hard sell. I challenge any skeptics to go to this show, and try to tell me it wasn't worth your time and money. This was easily one of the best shows I've ever been to, and I can only hope to be able to experience it again.
-Ben Sadler
Labels: Bi-Lo Center, Blue Man Group, Concert Reviews, Greenville, SC


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Statistics indicate that more soldiers are lost to accidents and preventable injury than to enemy action. Saf-T-Rounds enhance safety awareness. The SAF-T-ROUND is approved for use in the U.S. Military and has 12 National Stock Numbers. The Israeli Defense Force has approved the Saf-T-Round.
Safe transport of a firearm in a vehicle is enhanced by utilizing a SAF-T-ROUND. The risk of accidental discharge is eliminated but without compromising readiness.
Firearm stored with a SAF-T-ROUND in place cannot be accidentally discharged. Furthermore, readiness is never compromised. In a split second the SAF-T-ROUND is ejected by cycling the firearm instantly transitioning into a hot or ready to fire status. No keys, no locks, no batteries. No moving parts.
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text:
Efficient solid-base catalysts for aldol reaction by optimizing the density and type of organoamine groups on nanoporous silica
Youwei Xie, Krishna K. Sharma, Abhishek Anan, Gang Wang, Ankush V. Biradar, Tewodros Asefa
A highly efficient solid-base catalyst for aldol condensation reaction was synthesized by grafting site-isolated secondary amines onto the channel walls of mesoporous silica, MCM-41, in a polar-protic solvent. These site-isolated organoamines pair up with the neighboring residual surface silanol (weak acid) groups to form optimized acid and base groups, which cooperatively catalyze the aldol condensation reaction with high TON (turn over number) and selectivity (alcohol products over alkene products). The organoamine samples grafted in a polar-protic solvent, isopropanol, showed higher catalytic efficiency toward aldol reaction than those grafted in a non-polar solvent, toluene, because the former gave a sample with less dense loading of grafted organoamines (or more silanols present in it). To elucidate the role of surface silanols as acidic sites and their ability to activate the substrates in aldol condensation, control experiment with diethylamine as a homogeneous catalyst in the presence of MCM-41, silica microspheres, methyl-capped MCM-41 or methyl-capped catalyst was carried out. MCM-41 resulted in significant enhancement of catalytic activity compared to the corresponding reactions conducted in the absence of MCM-41, or in the presence of methyl-capped catalysts or silica spheres. By testing materials with different grafted organoamine groups as catalysts, we also found that secondary amine functionalized sample produced the best acid and base pairs and most efficient catalytic activity in aldol reaction. This was followed by primary amines, while the tertiary amine functionalized samples showed negligible catalytic property.
Journal of Catalysis
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.04.018
Aldol condensation
Aldol reaction
Heterogeneous catalyst
MCM-41
Mesoporous catalyst
Organoamine grafting
Site-isolated catalyst
10.1016/j.jcat.2009.04.018
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Efficient solid-base catalysts for aldol reaction by optimizing the density and type of organoamine groups on nanoporous silica'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
MCM-41 Chemical Compounds
3-hydroxybutanal Chemical Compounds
Multicarrier modulation Engineering & Materials Science
Silicon Dioxide Chemical Compounds
silanol Chemical Compounds
Silica Engineering & Materials Science
Amines Engineering & Materials Science
amines Physics & Astronomy
Xie, Y., Sharma, K. K., Anan, A., Wang, G., Biradar, A. V., & Asefa, T. (2009). Efficient solid-base catalysts for aldol reaction by optimizing the density and type of organoamine groups on nanoporous silica. Journal of Catalysis, 265(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.04.018
Efficient solid-base catalysts for aldol reaction by optimizing the density and type of organoamine groups on nanoporous silica. / Xie, Youwei; Sharma, Krishna K.; Anan, Abhishek; Wang, Gang; Biradar, Ankush V.; Asefa, Tewodros.
In: Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 265, No. 2, 25.07.2009, p. 131-140.
Xie, Y, Sharma, KK, Anan, A, Wang, G, Biradar, AV & Asefa, T 2009, 'Efficient solid-base catalysts for aldol reaction by optimizing the density and type of organoamine groups on nanoporous silica', Journal of Catalysis, vol. 265, no. 2, pp. 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.04.018
Xie Y, Sharma KK, Anan A, Wang G, Biradar AV, Asefa T. Efficient solid-base catalysts for aldol reaction by optimizing the density and type of organoamine groups on nanoporous silica. Journal of Catalysis. 2009 Jul 25;265(2):131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.04.018
Xie, Youwei ; Sharma, Krishna K. ; Anan, Abhishek ; Wang, Gang ; Biradar, Ankush V. ; Asefa, Tewodros. / Efficient solid-base catalysts for aldol reaction by optimizing the density and type of organoamine groups on nanoporous silica. In: Journal of Catalysis. 2009 ; Vol. 265, No. 2. pp. 131-140.
@article{986c179ee6af4755abbdecd794832f5d,
title = "Efficient solid-base catalysts for aldol reaction by optimizing the density and type of organoamine groups on nanoporous silica",
abstract = "A highly efficient solid-base catalyst for aldol condensation reaction was synthesized by grafting site-isolated secondary amines onto the channel walls of mesoporous silica, MCM-41, in a polar-protic solvent. These site-isolated organoamines pair up with the neighboring residual surface silanol (weak acid) groups to form optimized acid and base groups, which cooperatively catalyze the aldol condensation reaction with high TON (turn over number) and selectivity (alcohol products over alkene products). The organoamine samples grafted in a polar-protic solvent, isopropanol, showed higher catalytic efficiency toward aldol reaction than those grafted in a non-polar solvent, toluene, because the former gave a sample with less dense loading of grafted organoamines (or more silanols present in it). To elucidate the role of surface silanols as acidic sites and their ability to activate the substrates in aldol condensation, control experiment with diethylamine as a homogeneous catalyst in the presence of MCM-41, silica microspheres, methyl-capped MCM-41 or methyl-capped catalyst was carried out. MCM-41 resulted in significant enhancement of catalytic activity compared to the corresponding reactions conducted in the absence of MCM-41, or in the presence of methyl-capped catalysts or silica spheres. By testing materials with different grafted organoamine groups as catalysts, we also found that secondary amine functionalized sample produced the best acid and base pairs and most efficient catalytic activity in aldol reaction. This was followed by primary amines, while the tertiary amine functionalized samples showed negligible catalytic property.",
keywords = "Aldol condensation, Aldol reaction, Catalysis, Heterogeneous catalyst, MCM-41, Mesoporous catalyst, Organoamine grafting, Site-isolated catalyst",
author = "Youwei Xie and Sharma, {Krishna K.} and Abhishek Anan and Gang Wang and Biradar, {Ankush V.} and Tewodros Asefa",
doi = "10.1016/j.jcat.2009.04.018",
journal = "Journal of Catalysis",
T1 - Efficient solid-base catalysts for aldol reaction by optimizing the density and type of organoamine groups on nanoporous silica
AU - Xie, Youwei
AU - Sharma, Krishna K.
AU - Anan, Abhishek
AU - Wang, Gang
AU - Biradar, Ankush V.
AU - Asefa, Tewodros
N2 - A highly efficient solid-base catalyst for aldol condensation reaction was synthesized by grafting site-isolated secondary amines onto the channel walls of mesoporous silica, MCM-41, in a polar-protic solvent. These site-isolated organoamines pair up with the neighboring residual surface silanol (weak acid) groups to form optimized acid and base groups, which cooperatively catalyze the aldol condensation reaction with high TON (turn over number) and selectivity (alcohol products over alkene products). The organoamine samples grafted in a polar-protic solvent, isopropanol, showed higher catalytic efficiency toward aldol reaction than those grafted in a non-polar solvent, toluene, because the former gave a sample with less dense loading of grafted organoamines (or more silanols present in it). To elucidate the role of surface silanols as acidic sites and their ability to activate the substrates in aldol condensation, control experiment with diethylamine as a homogeneous catalyst in the presence of MCM-41, silica microspheres, methyl-capped MCM-41 or methyl-capped catalyst was carried out. MCM-41 resulted in significant enhancement of catalytic activity compared to the corresponding reactions conducted in the absence of MCM-41, or in the presence of methyl-capped catalysts or silica spheres. By testing materials with different grafted organoamine groups as catalysts, we also found that secondary amine functionalized sample produced the best acid and base pairs and most efficient catalytic activity in aldol reaction. This was followed by primary amines, while the tertiary amine functionalized samples showed negligible catalytic property.
AB - A highly efficient solid-base catalyst for aldol condensation reaction was synthesized by grafting site-isolated secondary amines onto the channel walls of mesoporous silica, MCM-41, in a polar-protic solvent. These site-isolated organoamines pair up with the neighboring residual surface silanol (weak acid) groups to form optimized acid and base groups, which cooperatively catalyze the aldol condensation reaction with high TON (turn over number) and selectivity (alcohol products over alkene products). The organoamine samples grafted in a polar-protic solvent, isopropanol, showed higher catalytic efficiency toward aldol reaction than those grafted in a non-polar solvent, toluene, because the former gave a sample with less dense loading of grafted organoamines (or more silanols present in it). To elucidate the role of surface silanols as acidic sites and their ability to activate the substrates in aldol condensation, control experiment with diethylamine as a homogeneous catalyst in the presence of MCM-41, silica microspheres, methyl-capped MCM-41 or methyl-capped catalyst was carried out. MCM-41 resulted in significant enhancement of catalytic activity compared to the corresponding reactions conducted in the absence of MCM-41, or in the presence of methyl-capped catalysts or silica spheres. By testing materials with different grafted organoamine groups as catalysts, we also found that secondary amine functionalized sample produced the best acid and base pairs and most efficient catalytic activity in aldol reaction. This was followed by primary amines, while the tertiary amine functionalized samples showed negligible catalytic property.
KW - Aldol condensation
KW - Aldol reaction
KW - Catalysis
KW - Heterogeneous catalyst
KW - MCM-41
KW - Mesoporous catalyst
KW - Organoamine grafting
KW - Site-isolated catalyst
U2 - 10.1016/j.jcat.2009.04.018
DO - 10.1016/j.jcat.2009.04.018
JO - Journal of Catalysis
JF - Journal of Catalysis


text:
When a group of people starts a company, the founders usually serve as
Difficulty: 700-Level Assumption Source: Veritas Prep
cssk
WE: Supply Chain Management (Consulting)
When a group of people starts a company, the founders usually serve as [#permalink]
When a group of people starts a company, the founders usually serve as sources both of funding and of skills in marketing, management, and technical matters. It is unlikely that a single individual can both provide adequate funding and be skilled in marketing, management, and technical matters. Therefore, companies founded by groups are more likely to succeed than companies founded by individuals.
Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
(A) A new company is more likely to succeed if every founding member contributes equally to the company's initial funding than if some members contribute more funds than others.
(B) Some founding members of successful companies can provide both funding and skills in marketing, management, or technical matters.
(C) New companies are more likely to succeed when their founders can provide adequate funding and skills in marketing, management, and technical abilities than when they must secure funding or skills from nonfounders.
(D) Founders of a new company can more easily acquire marketing and management abilities than technical abilities.
(E) A new company is more likely to succeed if its technical experts are also skilled in management and marketing than if they lack management or marketing skills.
+1 KUDOS is the best way to say thanks
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Most Helpful Community Reply
pqhai
Re: When a group of people starts a company, the founders usually serve as [#permalink]
cssk wrote:
A) A new company is more likely to succeed if every founding member contributes equally to the company's initial funding than if some members contribute more funds than others.
B) Some founding members of successful companies can provide both funding and skills in marketing, management, or technical matters.
C) New companies are more likely to succeed when their founders can provide adequate funding and skills in marketing, management, and technical abilities than when they must secure funding or skills from nonfounders.
D) Founders of a new company can more easily acquire marketing and management abilities than technical abilities.
E) A new company is more likely to succeed if its technical experts are also skilled in management and marketing than if they lack management or marketing skills.
Please explain your answers and start discussion
Nice defender assumption question.
First of all, when we see this kind of question, a correct answer is the one that could eliminate the weakness of a conclusion.
ANALYZE THE STIMULUS:
Fact: When a group of people starts a company, the founders usually serve as sources both of funding and of skills in marketing, management, and technical matters.
Fact: It is unlikely that a single individual can both provide adequate funding and be skilled in marketing, management, and technical matters.
Conclusion: companies founded by groups are more likely to succeed than companies founded by individuals.
Pre-thinking: what if a single founder who only has funding can hire non-founder members who have skills in marketing, management and technical matters? Clearly, a company can be successful. <==This is a weakness of the conclusion.
Assumption: The defender assumption should eliminate the weakness above.
Thus, the assumption should be "it is likely that a company founded by an individual, who often hires non-founder members having skills in business, is less successful than a company founded by group of founders.
ANALYZE EACH ANSWER:
Wrong. The equal contribution does not help to bolster the conclusion. A can't be an assumption.
Wrong. B does not violate the conclusion. It's true that some founding members can provide both funding and skills. But B does not help to elucidate why companies founded by groups are more likely to be successful than companies founded by individuals.
C) New companies are more likely to succeed when their founders can provide adequate funding and skills in marketing, management, and technical abilities than when they must secure funding or skills from non-founders.
Correct. C clearly ELIMINATES the weakness of the conclusion. C is the correct defender assumption.
Wrong. Nothing to compare here. D is out scope.
Wrong. Same error as in D. The comparison between each founding members does not help at all. E is not relevant.
Hope it helps a bit.
Please +1 KUDO if my post helps. Thank you.
"Designing cars consumes you; it has a hold on your spirit which is incredibly powerful. It's not something you can do part time, you have do it with all your heart and soul or you're going to get it wrong."
Chris Bangle - Former BMW Chief of Design.
schittuluri
I go with "E".
C and E are best contenders. In C it is saying about non founders which is not at all mentioned in the argument.
schittuluri wrote:
How can E be a contender?
Conculsion of the argument: companies founded by groups are more likely to succeed than companies founded by individuals.
E says a new company is likely to succeed if its technical experts are also skilled in management and marketing than if they lack management or marketing skills. Negating this answer choice would in no way hurt the conclusion that is mainly concerned with the likelihood of the success of companies founded by groups.
In contrast, choice C says that new companies are more likely to succeed when their founders can provide adequate funding and skills in marketing, management, and technical abilities than when they must secure funding or skills from nonfounders. Ah yes. Now this choice assures the success of new companies if their founders can provide adequate funding and skills in marketing, management and technical abilities. Moreover, if you negate this choice, the conclusion definitely falls apart. Hence this is the best choice.
bluetrain
Location: Korea, Republic of
Schools: Yale '20, INSEAD Jan'18
pqhai wrote:
It seems logical.
But argument is
companies founded by groups are more likely to succeed than companies founded by individuals.
Founded by groups / Founded by individuals
So (C) which is about non-founders seems irrelevant for me.
Please experts help.
mikemcgarry
dcwanderer30
Can an expert please give an explanation as to why the answer is C? Thanks!
Re: When a group of people starts a company, the founders usually serve as	[#permalink] 12 Jan 2019, 13:16


text:
mbg icon motivation mbg_movement
7 Pep Talks That Inspired Top Athletes To Face Their Fears & Win
By Leigh Weingus
When it comes to competitive sports, there's no question that so much of it is a mental game. Whether it's struggling to keep going physically or working to improve self-esteem, a passing comment or short pep talk goes a long way.
Because we all need a little inspiration once in a while, whether it's to get through that last mile or recover from a bad day, we reached out to top athletes to find out what pep talks and words of wisdom have helped them ace their competitions. Here's what they had to say:
1. Give it some gumption.
"The best advice that I have ever heard stemmed more from a very vital word—an integral word that means so much to me personally: gumption. I learned this word from my high school field hockey coach, Ms. Horton, before our team won the state championship title in Ohio. This word is forever ingrained in my soul: Give it some gumption."
—Meredith Kessler, professional triathlete, Ironman champion
2. Don't overthink it.
"To be honest, I really prefer pep talks that are short, sweet, and simple. When I was competing, the best thing that I was told was to just 'have fun.' When things were broken down too much for me, I tended to overthink and thus underperform. I would think more than I would actually race. That being said, I am a big hugger. If I was told to 'have fun' or go out there and 'kick some butt,' followed by a big hug, I was a happy girl. Jokes, hugs, and comments to make me laugh are everything."
—Caroline Burckle, Olympic swimmer
3. Trust your body.
"The best pep talk I've ever received was from a former coach, Marcel Rocque. At the time, I was having trouble performing under pressure in big games and he said to me, 'Trust in the work you've put in up to this point. Your body knows what to do, so don't worry about making or missing shots, about winning or losing the game. Stick to the processes that have been working for you, and have confidence that they will hold up under pressure. We play the game for these big moments, and you're more than prepared to excel in this environment. So get out of your head and go have some fun out there.'"
—Joanne Courtney, member of the Canadian curling team
4. Trust yourself.
"I was a kid with low self-esteem and anxiety issues. I always thought I would never be good enough for anything. My mom kept telling me to trust myself, which I never really understood the meaning of until years later. She would tell me to stop overthinking, and to come back to reality. She told me that no matter what happened during the day, I would still be able to eat dinner with my family and that my family would love me no matter what, even if I didn't succeed at first. And she told me to trust myself and not let anybody tell me I wasn't good enough."
—Aurelie Rivard, competitive Canadian swimmer
5. Think like a big tree.
"One day I was mountain biking with Olympic gold medalist Billy Demond, who won the gold for the United States in the Vancouver games in the Nordic combined. Bill told me that to build endurance, you need to think like a big tree. 'If you look at the oldest, biggest, and strongest trees on Earth that have hundreds of rings, you can see that they grew slowly and consistently over time.' That has always stuck with me. Whether you are training for your first marathon, or your first 10K, stop going so fast all the time. Go longer and slower to build lasting endurance."
—Brock Cannon, elite ultra-endurance athlete
mbg-black_classes $99.99
The 20 Minute Workout Challenge
With Shauna Harrison
6. Have a shared mission.
"One quote that always gets me through even the most difficult of moments is, 'When a group of men comes together with a shared mission, and they are willing to die for that cause, they cannot and will not be defeated," by Urban Meyer. "Teamwork is a powerful thing."
—Todd McCullough, former college football player and creator of The TMAC Method
7. Lose the word "can't."
"When I was little, my dad said 'you can do anything you set your mind to. Don't let anyone ever tell you differently.' He taught me to never use the word 'can't.' If I ever said 'I can't' when I was little, he would say, 'No. It's not that you can't; it's that you won't.' It made me realize that the power to achieve anything and accomplish what I wanted was within me."
—Kristen Hetzel, duathlete and member of Team USA
Love advice? Here's the best advice on how to eat healthy from a registered dietitian.
#Journey #fitness
Leigh Weingus
Leigh is the former Senior Relationships Editor at mindbodygreen, where she analyzed new research on human behavior, looked at the intersection of wellness and women's empowerment, and...
https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articles/athletes-on-the-best-pep-talks-theyve-ever-received


text:
Concert Gone
I just returned from the Tortoise and Calexico show at Club Congress. It should have been sublime, but strangeness got in the way. First, the starting time was too early, because of complaints about noise for previous outdoor shows at Congress. On a 105 degree day, that's a problem. Second, I had a hard time connecting with people at the show, even though I knew a good number of them. Every time I turned around, the people I wanted to talk to or, at the very least, stand beside were gone. Calexico was surprisingly tepid, too. Then Kim called to tell me that I needed to come home right away because Skylar was having a bad night and wouldn't go to sleep. I talked to Skylar on the phone, who kept repeating that she was having, "bad thoughts," apparently, according to Kim, about the Creature of Darkness that freaked her out months ago in The Never-Ending Story. I made it to the car and was about to turn on the engine when Kim called back to say that Skylar seemed to be calming down. I waited in the car for a while, anticipating that Kim would call again. She did, but told me to go back to the show. Once I'd returned, it was almost time for Tortoise. I briefly explained my quandry to the newly wed Jim and Helena, along with their cohort of Tim, Noah, and Sara. Then Tortoise came on. I left the over-21 enclosure to get closer to the stage and watched the show from near the front, inching closer after people in front of me departed. By the end, I was in the makeshift "second row," able to see and hear everything as I wanted. Tortoise was great, I thought, precise and intense, though "cooler" than when I saw them at the Great American Music Hall. But I never did find Sean again, even though he said he was standing right behind me when I called him later. I loved zoning out to the Tortoise portion of the concert, but the rest of the experience left me feeling anxious and vaguely unhappy.
Crest - Tortoise - It's All Around You


text:
Ei Compendex
Theory and Applications of Web 3.0 in the Media Sector
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Special Issue "Theory and Applications of Web 3.0 in the Media Sector"
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A special issue of Future Internet (ISSN 1999-5903). This special issue belongs to the section "Big Data and Augmented Intelligence".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2021.
Prof. Dr. Andreas Veglis
School of Journalism and Mass Communications, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: information technology in journalism; new media; course support environments; data journalism; open data; distance learning; content verification
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Dr. Charalampos Dimoulas
Multidisciplinary Media and Mediated Communication (M3C) research group, School of Journalism & Mass Communications, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
Interests: media technologies; signal processing; machine learning; media authentication; audiovisual content management; multimedia semantics; semantic web
Special Issue in Sustainability: Cultural Heritage Storytelling, Engagement and Management in the Era of Big Data and the Semantic Web
In today's exploding Web landscape, where vast amounts of information (documents, images, audio, videos, etc.) are produced every day from various sources across the world, professional journalists often find it difficult to retrieve specific and detailed information or form a comprehensive view about a complicated topic. This occurs because most of the content today is published in an unregulated way, and they have to navigate a network of unstructured interconnected forms of data. The lack of an efficient infrastructure in which they could easily discover, acquire, and analyze the information needed limits the exploitation prospects. The solution to this problem can be given by the advancement of Web 3.0 or Semantic Web (SW).
Web 3.0 stands as the physical extension of the current Web, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. It can be seen as an Internet service with advanced technological features, in which proper/standardized documentation and semantic tagging of all content will be delivered semi-autonomously, with the help of algorithms. These features attempt to form a Web environment in which both humans and machines will understand and interpret the Web information in the same way. The technologies that support this attempt form the so-called SW services, and their role is to complete the transition from today's Web of documents to a Web of well-documented data, where every piece of information will be accompanied by its semantics and its relations with the others, i.e., fully clarified and structured. Such content will be used by computers not only for display purposes but also for interoperability and integration between systems and applications. Thus, journalists will be able to discover, integrate, and reuse pieces of information from various sources efficiently. Overall, the interconnection of concepts rather than just documents will be feasible. This is the point where the Journalism and News industry intersects with Web 3.0, towards the transition to Journalism 3.0 Within this concept, enhanced cooperation between humans and machines is taking place, and well-established journalistic practices/workflows are challenged by more sophisticated semantically-enhanced procedures. As a result, Journalism is led to a higher functional level, unlocking various capabilities of data exploitation provided by an advanced technological framework.
This Special Issue is soliciting theoretical and case study contributions, discussing and treating challenges, state-of-the-art, and solutions on Web 3.0 application in the media sector, including but not limited to: Theory of Web 3.0 in relation with media organizations, application of Web 3.0 in the media sector, Journalism 3.0 practices and procedures, semantically enhanced news validation and management, etc.
Prof. Andreas Veglis
Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.
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text:
Un joli rayon de soleil () est un film muet américain, réalisé et interprété par Henry King, sorti en 1916.

Synopsis
Abandonnée par son père après qu'il a tué sa mère alors qu'il était saoul, Mary, une petite fille de 3 ans, cherche un endroit pour dormir et monte dans une automobile à l'arrêt. Parallèlement, Sylvia Sanford jette dehors son amoureux Bob Daley car il boit trop et celui-ci entre en titubant dans sa voiture et y découvre Mary sous une couverture. Bob l'emmène chez lui et prend soin d'elle, ce qui le rend à la fois responsable et sobre. Voyant cela, Sylvia se réconcilie avec lui et l'épouse, et ils s'occupent de Mary comme si elle était leur fille.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Un joli rayon de soleil
 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Henry King
 Scénario : Daniel F. Whitcomb
 Photographie : Harry W. Gerstad
 Production : E.D. Horkheimer, H.M. Horkheimer
 Société de production : Balboa Feature Film Company
 Société de distribution :  Pathé Exchange
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue : anglais
 Format : Noir et blanc -  - 1,37:1 - Muet
 Genre : Comédie dramatique
 Durée : 46 minutes (5 bobines)
 Dates de sortie :  :  ;  :
 Licence : Domaine public

Distribution
 Marie Osborne : Mary
 Henry King : Bob Daley
 Marguerite Nichols : Sylvia Sanford
 Andrew Arbuckle : le père de Bob
 Mollie McConnell : la mère de Sylvia

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Fiche du film sur le site de la Fondation Jérôme Seydoux Pathé, consultée le
  Fiche du film sur le site de TCM, consultée le
  Fiche du film sur le site Silent Era, consultée le

Film américain sorti en 1916
Comédie dramatique américaine
Moyen métrage américain
Film américain en noir et blanc
Film muet américain
Film réalisé par Henry King

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Up until this past weekend, belly buttons were overlooked. They were just sort of… there.
Well, thanks to the Belly Button Challenge—which went viral on social media—that's no longer the case. For the past few days, people all around the world have been posting photos of themselves trying to reach one arm behind their back to touch their navel. (Go ahead, try it.) The challenge reportedly stems from a mysterious American study (that no one has actually been able to locate) that says those who can complete the challenge are healthy and fit and those who cannot need to lose weight.
Smith says BMI and body composition measurements are more accurate ways to determine weight status.


Say hello to the new BMW M5. Well, kind of. This is the BMW M5 'Concept', a car that is very much straddling the concept/production line. Having had its covers ripped off in Munich this weekend to a group of journos, this is almost certainly what the new F10 M5 will look like.
The new super-saloon is powered by a twin-turbocharged 4.4-litre V8 engine from the X5M and X6M. It is the first time turbos have been slotted into an M5 but is said to offer the same great performance of previous V10s and a 'high-revving experience'.
Power is said to be somewhere around the 560bhp mark with 530 lb-ft of torque but nothing has been confirmed. With the new double blower engine emissions are said to be down by 25% with the help of this forced induction and a start-stop system.
Power is still sent to the rear but this time through a seven-speed M double-clutch transmission and an Active M Differential. Depending on your environment (or how crazy you want to get) you can choose from four driving modes; Comfort, Sport, Sport-Plus and the whole sha-bang M Driving mode.
Visually, you can put a large wager on that the actual M5 will look almost identical to this. Compared to the normal F10 there are revised front fascia houses and three enlarged black mesh-covered intakes to feed the turbocharged eight-cylinder and supply the front brakes with cool air.
Standard BMW M styling swelling has occurred around the arches which leads to the aerodynamic rear apron equipped with an integrated diffuser with those infamous quad pipes chucking out the bad stuff out the back. The only thing visually which is likely to change is the wheel colour, but if you are a fan of black I am sure there will be a box to tick on the spec sheet.
You can check out the fifth-generation of BMWs M5 in this 'Concept' guise at the Shanghai Auto Show in two weeks. When the real deal goes on sale this autumn be prepared to see a price tag of around £65,000.


Game begins with a city or country beginning with "A." Following person uses the last letter of the name to begin the first letter of the next entry.
Refresh function: If the last letter proves too difficult, the next person can alternatively begin the next entry with the first letter of the most recent location. For clarity, an obscure city name can be further identified by state or province, but it is the city name only used for the next post.


update: It seems like this nugget is not the third largest nugget in the world.Larger nuggets – even larger than the Hand of Faith – were found in the eighties in Brazil, and are kept in the museum of the Central Bank of Brazil.
DESCRIPTION : Platinum, is a heavy, malleable,ductile, highly inactive, silverish-white transition metal. Platinum is a member of group 10 elements of the periodic table.It is one among the scarce elements found in Earth's crust and has six naturally occurring isotopes.
Background. Muthoot Capital Services Ltd. promoted by Muthoot Pappachan Group is a deposit taking Non Banking Finance Company (NBFC) registered with the Reserve Bank of India and listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange.
Institute for Democracy Appoints Director Gershwin T. Blyden, a pharmacologist, physician and democracy advocate, has been appointed Executive Director of the Institute for Democracy, by the Institute's Board of Directors.


"Seeing others move on with their lives is hard when you feel like you're stuck in the quicksand of yours" – Helen, Being Mary Jane, BET.
Never compare yourself to those around you, just because people are Insta-famous and have thousands of followers it doesn't mean that they are happy with what they have or, in a lot of cases, claim to have.
Be proud of your friends and family for their achievements and use it as encouragement for your own.


text:
package com.vaadin.client.ui.calendar.schedule;

import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.BlurEvent;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.BlurHandler;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.FocusEvent;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.FocusHandler;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.HasBlurHandlers;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.HasFocusHandlers;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.HasKeyDownHandlers;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.HasKeyPressHandlers;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.KeyDownEvent;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.KeyDownHandler;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.KeyPressEvent;
import com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.KeyPressHandler;
import com.google.gwt.event.shared.HandlerRegistration;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.Grid;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.impl.FocusImpl;
import com.vaadin.client.Focusable;

/**
 * A Grid that can be focused
 *
 * @since 7.1
 * @author Vaadin Ltd.
 *
 */
public class FocusableGrid extends Grid implements HasFocusHandlers,
        HasBlurHandlers, HasKeyDownHandlers, HasKeyPressHandlers, Focusable {

    /**
     * Constructor
     */
    public FocusableGrid() {
        super();
        makeFocusable();
    }

    public FocusableGrid(int rows, int columns) {
        super(rows, columns);
        makeFocusable();
    }

    protected void makeFocusable() {
        // make focusable, as we don't need access key magic we don't need to
        // use FocusImpl.createFocusable
        getElement().setTabIndex(0);
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see
     * com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.HasFocusHandlers#addFocusHandler(com.
     * google.gwt.event.dom.client.FocusHandler)
     */
    @Override
    public HandlerRegistration addFocusHandler(FocusHandler handler) {
        return addDomHandler(handler, FocusEvent.getType());
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see
     * com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.HasBlurHandlers#addBlurHandler(com.google
     * .gwt.event.dom.client.BlurHandler)
     */
    @Override
    public HandlerRegistration addBlurHandler(BlurHandler handler) {
        return addDomHandler(handler, BlurEvent.getType());
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see
     * com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.HasKeyDownHandlers#addKeyDownHandler(
     * com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.KeyDownHandler)
     */
    @Override
    public HandlerRegistration addKeyDownHandler(KeyDownHandler handler) {
        return addDomHandler(handler, KeyDownEvent.getType());
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see
     * com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.HasKeyPressHandlers#addKeyPressHandler
     * (com.google.gwt.event.dom.client.KeyPressHandler)
     */
    @Override
    public HandlerRegistration addKeyPressHandler(KeyPressHandler handler) {
        return addDomHandler(handler, KeyPressEvent.getType());
    }

    /**
     * Sets/Removes the keyboard focus to the panel.
     *
     * @param focus
     *            If set to true then the focus is moved to the panel, if set to
     *            false the focus is removed
     */
    public void setFocus(boolean focus) {
        if (focus) {
            FocusImpl.getFocusImplForPanel().focus(getElement());
        } else {
            FocusImpl.getFocusImplForPanel().blur(getElement());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Focus the panel
     */
    @Override
    public void focus() {
        setFocus(true);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Human Rights Feb 23
The Common Good Jan 23
PDF Magazines
UK Map
Humanism is a non-religious and values-based worldview. Humanists aim to promote reason and science, free thought and free speech, tolerance and understanding, kindness and compassion. Humanistically Speaking, launched in the UK in 2020, is an online magazine for humanists, atheists, rationalists, agnostics, sceptics, and everyone who wants to make the world a better place through human effort and endeavour. We are an independent monthly publication but we see ourselves as very much part of the global humanist community. In January 2023, we said a fond farewell to our PDF format and went fully digital. You can now comment on our articles - just sign up using the 'log in' tab top right. Thanks for visiting!
Welcome to the January issue of Humanistically Speaking and our brand new format. At our annual conference in July, we made the decision to move with the times by saying a fond farewell to our PDF format and re-launching our humanist magazine as a fully digital offering. It's early days and we're still learning. But we hope you like our new style. Whether you do, or not, we always love to hear from you so do drop me a line at humanistically.speaking@gmail.com and tell me what you think.
2022 has been a terrible year in many respects: the stabbing of Sir Salman Rushdie, the 24-year prison term handed down to Mubarak Bala, President of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, and the brutal invasion of Ukraine to mention just three events which have scarred the year. How can humanists sustain any optimism about the common future of humanity? A year ago, Henri Ruff gave a talk to Dorset Humanists about 'the Common Good'. We thought it would be a good idea to explore this topic as we head into the uncharted waters of 2023.
Humanism has always aspired to a world in which 'the Common Good' can be realised for the benefit of everyone. But it's an elusive concept. Our editors and writers have put their thinking caps on and tackled it from a rich variety of angles. We're particularly honoured this month to welcome Emeritus Professor Richard Norman, a patron of Humanists UK, as one of our contributors.
So sit back, relax, and enjoy this month's great content brought to you by our dedicated team of volunteers. This months magazine can be accessed by pressing the image on the right.
David Brittain
You can access our previous magazines produced in pdf format from Jan 2020 to the end of 2022 by visiting the Previous Issues tab on the website. Last month's issue can be accessed by pressing the image of the front page on the side bar on this page to the right.
Last Month's Issue
© 2023 Humanistically Speaking
Humanists UK


As the FDA gets closer to making its final decision on the approval of genetically modified salmon—which would be the first bio-engineered animal allowed in the food supply—major U.S. retailers have pledged not to sell the fish, reports the New York Times.
Retailers including Whole Foods Market, Trader Joe's and Aldi markets have vowed not to sell the fish in their combined 2,000 stores, with announcements on the chains' specific policies released this week. "Our current definition of sustainable seafood specifies the exclusion of genetically modified organisms," a spokeswoman for Aldi said in a statement. Other retailers taking a stand against the Aqua Bounty Technologies AquAdvantage fish includes PCC Natural Markets in Washington state and food co-ops located in Minnesota, New York, California, and Kansas, according to TakePart.com. The retailers have all joined up with the Campaign for Genetically Engineered (GE)-Free Seafood.
There are more than 36,000 grocery retailers in the U.S., according to the Times and a representative for Friends of the Earth, one of the organizations behind the campaign, expects more will join in on banning the fish, "We haven't heard any solid noes from anyone," he told the Times.
The AquAdvantage Atlantic salmon contains DNA from other fish including a growth hormone gene found in a Chinook salmon, and a gene from an ocean pout that helps to keep the growth hormone "continually active," allowing the fish to grow to market size in roughly half the time as a regular Atlantic salmon.
Whole Foods Market recently announced a firmer stance on GMOs by requiring suppliers to label all foods with GMO ingredients by 2018.
The FDA is accepting public comments on the GMO salmon until April 26th before making its final decision on approval.