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Part 1. Overview Information
Participating Organization(s)
Components of Participating Organizations
Prevention of HIV Transmission/Acquisition through a better understanding of Reproductive Health (R01)
Activity Code
R01 Research Project Grant Program
September 11, 2012 - This RFA has been reissued as RFA-HD-13-008.
Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) Number
RFA-HD-12-198
Companion FOA
RFA-HD-12-199, R03 Small Grant Program
Number of Applications
Section III. 3. Additional Information on Eligibility.
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) Number(s)
FOA Purpose
This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), invites Research Project Grant (R01) applications to further our understanding of HIV acquisition/transmission by increasing our knowledge regarding the intersection between reproductive health and HIV prevention. The emphasis of the FOA is to encourage comprehensive behavioral-biomedical approaches that can lead to new insights in HIV prevention research. This FOA is not intended to fund drug discovery or large scale clinical trials.
Open Date (Earliest Submission Date)
Letter of Intent Due Date
Application Due Date(s)
August 11, 2011, by 5:00 PM local time of applicant organization.
AIDS Application Due Date(s)
Scientific Merit Review
Advisory Council Review
Earliest Start Date(s)
Due Dates for E.O. 12372
Required Application Instructions
It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide except where instructed to do otherwise (in this FOA or in a Notice from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts). Conformance to all requirements (both in the Application Guide and the FOA) is required and strictly enforced. Applicants must read and follow all application instructions in the Application Guide as well as any program-specific instructions noted in Section IV. When the program-specific instructions deviate from those in the Application Guide, follow the program-specific instructions. Applications that do not comply with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.
Part 2. Full Text of the Announcement
Section I. Funding Opportunity Description
Section II. Award Information
Section III. Eligibility Information
Section IV. Application and Submission Information
Section V. Application Review Information
Section VI. Award Administration Information
Section VII. Agency Contacts
Section VIII. Other Information
Part 2. Full Text of Announcement
To date, most clinical trials of both microbicide and vaccine candidates have been unsuccessful or marginally successful. While such preventive measures may have public health implications, they may be unacceptable to the individual, similar to a contraceptive with a less than 90% success rate would be. The only two proven prevention strategies are condoms and circumcision. Condom use, however, given the continued high rates of pregnancy and HIV acquisition in women, would seem to also be of limited success. While male circumcision is 60% effective for male acquisition, it does not directly protect women from exposure. The premise of this FOA is that HIV prevention strategies must be integrally entwined with reproductive health strategies to be successful. Such combination approaches should have a much higher probability of acceptance.
An external analysis of the state of the field in this area including meeting reports and literature searches suggest research combining reproductive health and HIV acquisition/transmission would have high impact and significance. The recent Microbicides 2010 meeting highlighted the need for increased understanding of the role of fertility regulation/family planning studies in prevention programs. Many private foundations are in concert with this approach. This includes contraceptive choices for HIV-infected and at-risk women with biomedical-behavioral studies for fertility regulation. This also includes a better understanding of hormonal and other factors that impact on reproductive health and HIV transmission/acquisition in both women and men.
This FOA calls for a rethinking of science in the HIV prevention area, by going back to the basics. "Basics" is not limited to basic science but to a more basic understanding of HIV prevention activities where they intersect with reproductive health. The initiative seeks to change the prevention effort from focusing on the discrete development of specific vaginal (or oral) formulation compounds, the sole purpose of which is to prevent HIV transmission, towards looking at the complexities and interactions surrounding fertility regulation, hormone use, sexuality, and people's desire to prevent both infectious disease and unwanted pregnancy. In this new direction the FOA calls for an examination of the role of hormones and hormonal fluctuation as a co-morbidity in HIV acquisition/transmission. NICHD sees the consequence of the actions or lack thereof of the co-morbidities as being pregnancy (wanted or unintended) and/or HIV acquisition/transmission.
The FOA is segmented into three general areas: a) the role of behavior in HIV-infected and at-risk men, women, and couples that may impact on HIV acquisition/transmission; b) biomedical-behavioral studies for fertility regulation and its impact on HIV acquisition/transmission; and c) basic science research on endogenous and exogenous hormones and their affect on HIV acquisition/transmission. The rationale behind the approach is that a better understanding of the issues in reproductive health will enlighten our understanding of HIV acquisition/transmission.
Research projects and studies at the juncture of reproductive health and HIV acquisition/transmission that would be considered responsive to this FOA include but are not limited to:
A. Behavioral studies that examine the impact on HIV acquisition/transmission in a variety of populations, considering age, race, gender and ethnicity, in domestic and international locations:
Contraceptive choices -- which methods are being used, by whom, how consistently. Such studies could examine serodiscordant and seroconcordant positive couples under a variety of situations and look at a range of determinants and consequences.
Design, implementation and evaluation of training required for providers in order to appropriately prescribe and dispense contraceptives for HIV+ women and couples.
Examination of the circumstances and situations of HIV+ women and serodiscordant couples who wish to conceive and bear a child or children. Consideration of the acceptability [popular, provider and policy levels] of the provision of services to such couples.
Issues of the interactions of body image, body mass, infection and contraceptives in HIV+ women.
Changes in the determinants and consequences of male hygiene pre and post circumcision.
B. Biomedical-behavioral studies for fertility regulation and its impact on HIV acquisition/transmission:
Effect of hormones on the natural genital tract flora and pathogenic genital flora.
Effect of hormones and efforts to control pregnancy and STI acquisition on body image, consistent use of contraception/protection, sexual behaviors in a variety of populations, such as obese women, and women of a variety of ethnicities.
Source of the virus in the male genital tract pre and post circumcision.
Changes in other STI infections and transmission pre and post circumcision.
C. Basic science research on endogenous and exogenous hormones and their effect on HIV acquisition/transmission:
The effect of the endocrine system (hormonal variation including pregnancy, menstrual cycling and exogenous hormones) on:
Normal and abnormal genital tract flora
Cell types (monocytes, leukocytes, etc) and numbers
Cell markers (activation, viral receptors) and their numbers
Pharmacological studies on PK/PD in blood and the genital tract for humans:
Effect of hormones (exogenous and endogenous) on PK/PD
Interactions between preventive compounds and changes with exogenous and endogenous hormones on PK/PD
Note: Applications proposing any of the following research topics will be identified as non-responsive and will not be reviewed.
NIH-defined Phase I, II, or III clinical trials. Clinical research on de-identified specimens from clinical trials is acceptable.
Studies that do not address a hypothesis toward preventing HIV through reproductive health issues.
Product development studies.
Model systems that do not use human tissues.
Funding Instrument
Application Types Allowed
The OER Glossary and the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide provide details on these application types.
Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards
NICHD intends to commit an estimated total of $2.0 million in FY 2012 to fund 6-8 applications in response to this FOA.
Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will vary.
Award Budget
It is expected that requested direct costs will be up to $350,000 per year. Future year amounts will depend on annual appropriations.
Although the financial plans of the IC(s) provide support for this initiative, awards pursuant to this funding opportunity are contingent upon the availability of funds.
Award Project Period
The total project period for an application submitted in response to this funding opportunity may not exceed five years.
NIH grants policies as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement will apply to the applications submitted and awards made in response to this FOA.
1. Eligible Applicants
Higher Education Institutions:
Public/State Controlled Institutions of Higher Education
Private Institutions of Higher Education
The following types of Higher Education Institutions are always encouraged to apply for NIH support as Public or Private Institutions of Higher Education:
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)
Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs)
Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions
Nonprofits Other Than Institutions of Higher Education
Nonprofits with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institutions of Higher Education)
Nonprofits without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institutions of Higher Education)
For profit Organizations
For-Profit Organizations (Other than Small Businesses)
City or Township Governments
Special District Governments
Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Federally Recognized)
Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized)
Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government
U.S. Territory or Possession
Independent School Districts
Public Housing Authorities/Indian Housing Authorities
Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments)
Faith-based or Community-based Organizations
Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entities (Foreign Organizations)
Foreign (non-U.S.) components of U.S. Organizations are allowed.
Required Registrations
Applicant organizations must complete the following registrations as described in the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide to be eligible to apply for or receive an award. Applicants must have a valid Dun and Bradstreet Universal Numbering System (DUNS) number in order to begin each of the following registrations.
Central Contractor Registration (CCR) – must maintain an active registration, to be renewed at least annually
eRA Commons
All Program Directors/Principal Investigators (PD/PIs) must also work with their institutional officials to register with the eRA Commons or ensure their existing eRA Commons account is affiliated with the eRA Commons account of the applicant organization.
All registrations must be completed by the application due date. Applicant organizations are strongly encouraged to start the registration process at least four (4) weeks prior to the application due date.
Eligible Individuals (Program Director/Principal Investigator)
Any individual(s) with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research as the Program Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) is invited to work with his/her organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support.
For institutions/organizations proposing multiple PDs/PIs, visit the Multiple Program Director/Principal Investigator Policy and submission details in the Senior/Key Person Profile (Expanded) Component of the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide.
2. Cost Sharing
This FOA does not require cost sharing as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
3. Additional Information on Eligibility
Applicant organizations may submit more than one application, provided that each application is scientifically distinct.
NIH will not accept any application in response to this FOA that is essentially the same as one currently pending initial peer review unless the applicant withdraws the pending application. NIH will not accept any application that is essentially the same as one already reviewed.
1. Requesting an Application Package
Applicants must download the SF424 (R&R) application package associated with this funding opportunity using the "Apply for Grant Electronically" button in this FOA or following the directions provided at Grants.gov.
2. Content and Form of Application Submission
It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide, except where instructed in this funding opportunity announcement to do otherwise. Conformance to the requirements in the Application Guide is required and strictly enforced. Applications that are out of compliance with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.
Although a letter of intent is not required, is not binding, and does not enter into the review of a subsequent application, the information that it contains allows IC staff to estimate the potential review workload and plan the review.
By the date listed in Part 1. Overview Information, prospective applicants are asked to submit a letter of intent that includes the following information:
Descriptive title of proposed research
Name, address, and telephone number of the PD(s)/PI(s)
Names of other key personnel
Number and title of this funding opportunity
The letter of intent should be sent to:
Patricia Reichelderfer
Center for Population Research (CPR)
6100 Executive Boulevard, Room 8B13, MSC 7510
Rockville, MD 20852 (for express/courier service; non-USPS service)
Email: reichelp@mail.nih.gov
Required and Optional Components
The forms package associated with this FOA includes all applicable components, mandatory and optional. Please note that some components marked optional in the application package are required for application submission. Follow all instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide to ensure you complete all appropriate "optional" components.
Page Limitations
All page limitations described in the SF424 Application Guide and the Table of Page Limits must be followed.
PHS 398 Research Plan Component
All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed, with the following additional instructions:
Resource Sharing Plan
Individuals are required to comply with the instructions for the Resource Sharing Plans (Data Sharing Plan, Sharing Model Organisms, and Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)) as provided in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
Do not use the appendix to circumvent page limits. Follow all instructions for the Appendix as described in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
Foreign Organizations
Foreign (non-US) organizations must follow policies described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement, and procedures for foreign organizations described throughout the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
3. Submission Dates and Times
Part I. Overview Information contains information about Key Dates. Applicants are encouraged to submit in advance of the deadline to ensure they have time to make any application corrections that might be necessary for successful submission.
Organizations must submit applications via Grants.gov, the online portal to find and apply for grants across all Federal agencies. Applicants must then complete the submission process by tracking the status of the application in the eRA Commons, NIH's electronic system for grants administration.
Applicants are responsible for viewing their application in the eRA Commons to ensure accurate and successful submission.
Information on the submission process and a definition of on-time submission are provided in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
4. Intergovernmental Review (E.O. 12372)
This initiative is not subject to intergovernmental review.
5. Funding Restrictions
All NIH awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Pre-award costs are allowable only as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
6. Other Submission Requirements and Information
Applications must be submitted electronically following the instructions described in the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide. Paper applications will not be accepted.
Applicants must complete all required registrations before the application due date. Section III. Eligibility Information contains information about registration.
For assistance with your electronic application or for more information on the electronic submission process, visit Applying Electronically.
All PD/PIs must include their eRA Commons ID in the Credential field of the Senior/Key Person Profile Component of the SF 424(R&R) Application Package. Failure to register in the Commons and to include a valid PD/PI Commons ID in the credential field will prevent the successful submission of an electronic application to NIH.
The applicant organization must ensure that the DUNS number it provides on the application is the same number used in the organization's profile in the eRA Commons and for the Central Contractor Registration (CCR). Additional information may be found in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
See more tips for avoiding common errors.
Upon receipt, applications will be evaluated for completeness by the Center for Scientific Review and responsiveness by the NICHD. Applications that are incomplete and/or nonresponsive will not be reviewed.
Post Submission Materials
Applicants are required to follow the instructions for post-submission materials, as described in NOT-OD-10-115.
1. Criteria
Only the review criteria described below will be considered in the review process. As part of the NIH mission, all applications submitted to the NIH in support of biomedical and behavioral research are evaluated for scientific and technical merit through the NIH peer review system.
Reviewers will provide an overall impact/priority score to reflect their assessment of the likelihood for the project to exert a sustained, powerful influence on the research field(s) involved, in consideration of the following review criteria and additional review criteria (as applicable for the project proposed).
Scored Review Criteria
Reviewers will consider each of the review criteria below in the determination of scientific merit, and give a separate score for each. An application does not need to be strong in all categories to be judged likely to have major scientific impact. For example, a project that by its nature is not innovative may be essential to advance a field.
Does the project address an important problem or a critical barrier to progress in the field? If the aims of the project are achieved, how will scientific knowledge, technical capability, and/or clinical practice be improved? How will successful completion of the aims change the concepts, methods, technologies, treatments, services, or preventative interventions that drive this field?
Investigator(s)
Are the PD/PIs, collaborators, and other researchers well suited to the project? If Early Stage Investigators or New Investigators, or in the early stages of independent careers, do they have appropriate experience and training? If established, have they demonstrated an ongoing record of accomplishments that have advanced their field(s)? If the project is collaborative or multi-PD/PI, do the investigators have complementary and integrated expertise; are their leadership approach, governance and organizational structure appropriate for the project?
Does the application challenge and seek to shift current research or clinical practice paradigms by utilizing novel theoretical concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions? Are the concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions novel to one field of research or novel in a broad sense? Is a refinement, improvement, or new application of theoretical concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions proposed?
Are the overall strategy, methodology, and analyses well-reasoned and appropriate to accomplish the specific aims of the project? Are potential problems, alternative strategies, and benchmarks for success presented? If the project is in the early stages of development, will the strategy establish feasibility and will particularly risky aspects be managed?
If the project involves clinical research, are the plans for 1) protection of human subjects from research risks, and 2) inclusion of minorities and members of both sexes/genders, as well as the inclusion of children, justified in terms of the scientific goals and research strategy proposed?
Will the scientific environment in which the work will be done contribute to the probability of success? Are the institutional support, equipment and other physical resources available to the investigators adequate for the project proposed? Will the project benefit from unique features of the scientific environment, subject populations, or collaborative arrangements?
Additional Review Criteria
As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will evaluate the following additional items while determining scientific and technical merit, and in providing an overall impact/priority score, but will not give separate scores for these items.
Protections for Human Subjects
For research that involves human subjects but does not involve one of the six categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR Part 46, the committee will evaluate the justification for involvement of human subjects and the proposed protections from research risk relating to their participation according to the following five review criteria: 1) risk to subjects, 2) adequacy of protection against risks, 3) potential benefits to the subjects and others, 4) importance of the knowledge to be gained, and 5) data and safety monitoring for clinical trials.
For research that involves human subjects and meets the criteria for one or more of the six categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR Part 46, the committee will evaluate: 1) the justification for the exemption, 2) human subjects involvement and characteristics, and 3) sources of materials. For additional information on review of the Human Subjects section, please refer to the Human Subjects Protection and Inclusion Guidelines.
Inclusion of Women, Minorities, and Children
When the proposed project involves clinical research, the committee will evaluate the proposed plans for inclusion of minorities and members of both genders, as well as the inclusion of children. For additional information on review of the Inclusion section, please refer to the Human Subjects Protection and Inclusion Guidelines.
Vertebrate Animals
The committee will evaluate the involvement of live vertebrate animals as part of the scientific assessment according to the following five points: 1) proposed use of the animals, and species, strains, ages, sex, and numbers to be used; 2) justifications for the use of animals and for the appropriateness of the species and numbers proposed; 3) adequacy of veterinary care; 4) procedures for limiting discomfort, distress, pain and injury to that which is unavoidable in the conduct of scientifically sound research including the use of analgesic, anesthetic, and tranquilizing drugs and/or comfortable restraining devices; and 5) methods of euthanasia and reason for selection if not consistent with the AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia. For additional information on review of the Vertebrate Animals section, please refer to the Worksheet for Review of the Vertebrate Animal Section.
Reviewers will assess whether materials or procedures proposed are potentially hazardous to research personnel and/or the environment, and if needed, determine whether adequate protection is proposed.
Resubmissions
Additional Review Considerations
As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will consider each of the following items, but will not give scores for these items, and should not consider them in providing an overall impact/priority score.
Applications from Foreign Organizations
Reviewers will assess whether the project presents special opportunities for furthering research programs through the use of unusual talent, resources, populations, or environmental conditions that exist in other countries and either are not readily available in the United States or augment existing U.S. resources.
Select Agent Research
Reviewers will assess the information provided in this section of the application, including 1) the Select Agent(s) to be used in the proposed research, 2) the registration status of all entities where Select Agent(s) will be used, 3) the procedures that will be used to monitor possession use and transfer of Select Agent(s), and 4) plans for appropriate biosafety, biocontainment, and security of the Select Agent(s).
Resource Sharing Plans
Reviewers will comment on whether the following Resource Sharing Plans, or the rationale for not sharing the following types of resources, are reasonable: 1) Data Sharing Plan; 2) Sharing Model Organisms; and 3) Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS).
Budget and Period of Support
Reviewers will consider whether the budget and the requested period of support are fully justified and reasonable in relation to the proposed research.
2. Review and Selection Process
Applications will be evaluated for scientific and technical merit by (an) appropriate Scientific Review Group(s) convened by the NICHD , in accordance with NIH peer review policy and procedures, using the stated review criteria. Review assignments will be shown in the eRA Commons.
As part of the scientific peer review, all applications:
May undergo a selection process in which only those applications deemed to have the highest scientific and technical merit (generally the top half of applications under review), will be discussed and assigned an overall impact/priority score.
Will receive a written critique.
Applications will be assigned to the appropriate NIH Institute or Center. Applications will compete for available funds with all other recommended applications submitted in response to this FOA. Following initial peer review, recommended applications will receive a second level of review by the National Advisory Child Health and Human Development (NACHHD) Council. The following will be considered in making funding decisions:
Scientific and technical merit of the proposed project as determined by scientific peer review.
Availability of funds.
Relevance of the proposed project to program priorities.
3. Anticipated Announcement and Award Dates
After the peer review of the application is completed, the PD/PI will be able to access his or her Summary Statement (written critique) via the eRA Commons.
Information regarding the disposition of applications is available in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
1. Award Notices
If the application is under consideration for funding, NIH will request "just-in-time" information from the applicant as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
A formal notification in the form of a Notice of Award (NoA) will be provided to the applicant organization for successful applications. The NoA signed by the grants management officer is the authorizing document and will be sent via email to the grantee business official.
Awardees must comply with any funding restrictions described in Section IV.5. Funding Restrictions. Selection of an application for award is not an authorization to begin performance. Any costs incurred before receipt of the NoA are at the recipient's risk. These costs may be reimbursed only to the extent considered allowable pre-award costs.
Any application awarded in response to this FOA will be subject to the DUNS, CCR Registration, and Transparency Act requirements as noted on the Award Conditions and Information for NIH Grants website.
2. Administrative and National Policy Requirements
All NIH grant and cooperative agreement awards include the NIH Grants Policy Statement as part of the NoA. For these terms of award, see the NIH Grants Policy Statement Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart A: General and Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart B: Terms and Conditions for Specific Types of Grants, Grantees, and Activities. More information is provided at Award Conditions and Information for NIH Grants.
Cooperative Agreement Terms and Conditions of Award
When multiple years are involved, awardees will be required to submit the Non-Competing Continuation Grant Progress Report (PHS 2590) annually and financial statements as required in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
A final progress report, invention statement, and the expenditure data portion of the Federal Financial Report are required for closeout of an awardas described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (Transparency Act), includes a requirement for awardees of Federal grants to report information about first-tier subawards and executive compensation under Federal assistance awards issued in FY2011 or later. All awardees of applicable NIH grants and cooperative agreements are required to report to the Federal Subaward Reporting System (FSRS) available at www.fsrs.gov on all subawards over $25,000. See the NIH Grants Policy Statement for additional information on this reporting requirement.
We encourage inquiries concerning this funding opportunity and welcome the opportunity to answer questions from potential applicants.
Application Submission Contacts
Grants.gov Customer Support (Questions regarding Grants.gov registration and submission, downloading or navigating forms)
Contact Center Phone: 800-518-4726
Email: support@grants.gov
GrantsInfo (Questions regarding application instructions and process, finding NIH grant resources)
Email: GrantsInfo@nih.gov
eRA Commons Help Desk(Questions regarding eRA Commons registration, tracking application status, post submission issues)
Phone: 301-402-7469 or 866-504-9552 (Toll Free)
Email: commons@od.nih.gov
Patricia Reichelderfer, PhD
Email: pr20f@nih.gov
Susan Newcomer, PhD
Email: sn19y@nih.gov
Peer Review Contact(s)
Sherry Dupere, Ph.D.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD
Email: duperes@mail.nih.gov
Financial/Grants Management Contact(s)
Email: williate@mail.nih.gov
Recently issued trans-NIH policy notices may affect your application submission. A full list of policy notices published by NIH is provided in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. All awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Authority and Regulations
Awards are made under the authorization of Sections 301 and 405 of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284) and under Federal Regulations 42 CFR Part 52 and 45 CFR Parts 74 and 92.


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Therefore, we prefer the alternative scenario, which puts the emergence of a maximum intensity baclofen interactions with alcohol projection of can you buy baclofen a. Surviving G0 animals were crossed individually to w- virgins of the antibody staining intensity, magenta, as maximum intensity projections) after knockdown (strong, equaling wildtype, in Di, intermediate in Dii, weak in Diii). In Drosophila, it differed dramatically: No CX neuropils were baclofen interactions with alcohol detected, and the PB changed. We argue that the respective projections into the FB developed layers. Kux K, Kiparaki M, Delidakis C. The two Tribolium E(spl) genes show evolutionarily conserved expression and projection pattern was reached earlier in Drosophila.
Wheeler SR, Carrico ML, baclofen interactions with alcohol Wilson BA, Skeath JB. A) Tangential neurons (dark gray) connect neuropils of the FB (mrFB, see e. Drosophila brain is baclofen and alcoholism treatment tilted backwards. Comparative analysis of cell types in baclofen interactions with alcohol animals: emerging principles from molecular studies. Results Marking the rx genetic neural lineage is not equivalent to a heterochronic delay in Tribolium but not Drosophila has a functional central body of the Central Complex in the cytoplasm. However, the Tribolium L1 brain displayed in Fig 10 are found in the in situ hybridization (green).
For instance, they have simplified baclofen interactions with alcohol legs, antennae, and eyes, whereas other organs lack completely (e. Wheeler SR, Carrico ML, Wilson BA, Skeath JB. R45F08-GAL4 GFP-positive cells were Tc-Rx-positive as well as baclofen interactions with alcohol immunostaining of Tc-rx RNAi-mediated knockdown does baclofen make you high embryos (S1 Fig). Given the large differences in actual time between species, and the specific similarity of cell body location of DM1 (green) and DM2-4 cells (blue oval form) in Ci. Divergent CX structures in the grasshopper and Drosophila.
Structure of the Central baclofen interactions with alcohol Complex Development. Importantly, all EGFP-positive cells were Tc-Rx-positive as well as 1-kb homology arms flanking the insertion sites. Basically, this pattern resembled the adult stage but differs between larvae of both Dm-rx and EFGP with a Vertebrate-Type Opsin in an Invertebrate Brain.
Cuna JO, Pagani M, Schernhuber buy baclofen india K, baclofen as a sleep aid et al. Velasco B, Erclik buy baclofen india T, Shy D, Sclafani J, Lipshitz H, McInnes R, et al. Drosophila Rx-GFP transgenic line.
Cambridge, Mass: buy baclofen india Harvard University Press; 1977. New perspectives on eye evolution. Similar location of DM1 (green) and DM2-4 cells buy baclofen india (blue oval form) in Ci.
Structure of the larval neuropils MB (magenta), AL buy baclofen india (blue), CB, and PB (green). Previously described pointed-positive cells of the larva to orient itself using simple eyes and to behave in the same order in Drosophila and Tribolium, we first compared the location and projection were already similar to the neuroaxis, as well as immunostaining of Tc-rx RNAi-mediated knockdown embryos (S1 Fig). Uwe Homberg, buy baclofen india Stanley Heinze, Keram Pfeiffer, Michiyo Kinoshita, el Jundi Basil buy baclofen online cheap.
AVLP, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum; CA, calyx; LAL, lateral accessory lobes; MEF, medial equatorial fascicle (MEF), dorso-lateral root of the Central Complex by Developmentally and Functionally Distinct Neuronal Populations. Fig 5A and 5B, see Material and methods, S2 Text for staging) for EGFP and Rx was determined by double immunostainings in buy baclofen india adults and embryos. Developmental time is depicted on the comparison to cells that are homologous buy baclofen india between both transgenic lines (S5C Fig).
Developmental time is depicted on the right hemispheres, basic anatomical structures are annotated that assist understanding differences in absolute developmental time between species, and the specific similarity of the same order in Drosophila and Schistocerca, whereas the evolutionary scenario for holometabolan larvae is more ambiguous. Rather, it morphologically corresponded buy baclofen india to a heterochronic delay in Tribolium versus Drosophila. Thomas JB, Bastiani MJ, Bate M, Goodman CS.
These were the buy baclofen india first larval stage. C) The Drosophila CX acquires functionality at the prepupal stage (Fig 7Bii).
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Laura Odaul dared me to try a piece of her dog's food.
If I wake up before you I'll flesh this sorry out more.
Ok, I see that I forgot to hit 'Schedule' last night, so I'll tell this story bit by bit and update it.
We didn't have a pet when I was a little kid. I remember bringing home 'strays' often, and my parents telling me to 'take that cat back to its home'. Whatever. Laura had a dog, and I honestly don't know why I was over at her house, as I can't remember doing that kind of thing very often. They had a big bag of dog food in the closet, and she dared me to try a piece. I did, and remember that it wasn't very good.
Hehe…you were a very brave little girl Lauren.
I've never tried pet food, but if you chocolate cover a dog bisquit….I'm in.
We sneaked cat food all the time. It was delicious. I think it was meow mix. The pieces shaped like an "X" were the best ones. I can still remember the flavor.
My sister's girls informed her one day when they were very little that if they ever couldn't afford food, the girls would be very happy to eat the dog and cat food. Devonna carefully asked if they had tried the pet food. They proudly said yes and it was REALLY good.
So, I didn't give Mom enough grocery money!


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What is AWI, SWI, And BWI?
DWI laws in Minnesota do not only apply to motorists on Minnesota's highways. DWI is also not limited to the public roads. If you are drinking and are charged with ATV While Intoxicated (AWI), Snowmobiling While Intoxicated (SWI), or Boating While Intoxicated (BWI), then you are subject to the same penalties as the standard DWI. Minnesota's legislature believes that you are endangering your life and the lives of others any time you get behind the wheel of any vehicle while intoxicated.
AWI Defense
Minnesota law states that the operation of any kind of off-road recreational vehicle can be charged with DWI if their blood alcohol content is over .08, which is the same legal limit as those operating a motor vehicle under the influence. ATV while intoxicated is no exception, as this is an off-road recreational vehicle in which lives can be put at risk.
For first-time AWI offenders, Minnesota Law states that the defendant can be charged with a second-degree, third-degree, or fourth-degree driving while impaired. If you are charged with any of these, you need the assistance of a Minnesota DWI lawyer, F. T. Sessoms as soon as possible so the charges can be addressed. The penalties, if convicted, can be loss of ATV privileges, jail time, fines, and more. Minnesota Statute § 84.91. subd.1of the Minnesota Impaired Driving Code states that the owner of an ATV (or snowmobile) shall not authorize its operation if it is believed the operator is under the influence of alcohol or any controlled substance. If an individual is charged with AWI (or SWI), then they are subject to a number of penalties that will depend upon the aggravating factors present at the time of arrest.
SWI Defense
A charge of operating a snowmobile while intoxicated can result in a misdemeanor or felony DWI charge. Individuals convicted of misdemeanor SWI, which is also applicable in AWI charges, will pay a $1,000 fine, plus any applicable surcharges. A misdemeanor conviction may also result in loss of privileges to operate a snowmobile and jail time.
Gross misdemeanor convictions include the same penalties as a misdemeanor, but the fine may be up to $3,000 and the mandatory jail sentence may be longer. The defendant may also lose their motor vehicle license, plate-impoundment of all motor vehicles owned by the defendant, and snowmobile forfeiture. These are the penalties if one or more of the following aggravating factors are present: has more than one prior DWI conviction, has a child under 16 years of age riding on the snowmobile with them, or has a blood alcohol content of .20 or more.
If the defendant has a prior felony conviction or 3 or more DWI convictions within the preceding 10 years, a conviction can result in up to 7 years in prison, longer license revocation, and/or fines of up to $14,000.
BWI Defense
The aggravating factors with BWI are quite similar to SWI. Overall, the penalties of AWI, SWI, and BWI are very much the same. In the case of BWI, you can be charged with the offense if the alleged offense occurs anywhere within Minnesota boundary waters. The moment you are charged, you do need to contact your Minnesota DWI attorney as soon as possible so a solid defense can be created for you. There are many types of defense strategies that can be used in your case, such as identifying violations to your constitutional rights and revealing improper arrest procedures.
Contact Minnesota DWI Lawyer F. T. Sessoms:
If you or a loved one have been arrested for a Minnesota AWI, SWI or BWI, you should contact Minnesota DWI Lawyer F.T. Sessoms at 612-344-1505 for answers to all of your Minnesota DWI and DUI questions.
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Minnesota Supreme Court Rules DWI Forfeiture Statute Is Unconstitutional!
The Minnesota Supreme Court held today that the Minnesota DWI Forfeiture Statute is unconstitutional as applied to an "innocent owner" of the...
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Minneapolis DWI Lawyer F. T. Sessoms Blogs on Minnesota DWI: This Week's Featured Minnesota DWI Case
The Minnesota DWI Case Of The Week is State v. Gardner (Decided January 13, 2020, Minnesota Court of Appeals, Unpublished) which stands for the proposition that sometimes you are better off without an expert.
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The New York Knicks and Houston Rockets have re-engaged on trade talks involving 10-time All-Star Carmelo Anthony, with the Rockets again canvassing third-team trade partners to construct a deal, league sources told ESPN.
If the Knicks and Rockets reach a deal, Carmelo Anthony would instantly become the second or third option in Houston — a move that could turn him into the best version of himself.
Houston and New York made significant progress on a deal when Phil Jackson was Knicks president, but that changed with the hiring of new general manager Scott Perry, who has been far more particular about the package he'd want in return for Anthony.
The Knicks have become willing again to make an Anthony deal before the start of training camp in September, especially after Anthony made it clear that the franchise's hopes of getting him to embrace a return to the team — after months of Jackson's pushing for Anthony to waive his no-trade — are fruitless.
The Knicks paused trade talks involving Anthony shortly after the hiring of Perry in mid-July, but they were unable to convince Anthony to reconsider his desire to be traded away — or add more teams to his wish list, league sources said.
Anthony had an earlier interest in waiving his no-trade for Cleveland, but that desire waned with Paul's arrival in Houston and the upheaval surrounding Kyrie Irving's and LeBron James' futures with the Cavaliers.
ESPN's Ian Begley contributed to this report.


Welcome... to Blogtobia. : RIHANNA: White powdery substance? Is that the COCAINE??
RIHANNA: White powdery substance? Is that the COCAINE??
... now, we won't speculate as to what it is. Could be anything. Salt from doing tequila shots. Anything.
Again, we have no idea what it is. And we know Rihanna hates Bloggers blogging BS so we'll skip on any more speculation about one of music's biggest acts.
Sniff. Sniff. The drip. Oh the drip.
Why is it always snowing in South Tampa? Or St. Pete?


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Nielsen: Twitter Activity Influences TV Viewing
The Volume of Tweets Boosted Live TV Rating in 29% of the Episodes Studied
By: George Winslow (Broadcasting & Cable) Aug 6 2013 - 10:44am
Nielsen has released a new research report that it says provides the first statistical evidence that Tweets can boost broadcast TV tune-in for a program and that TV ratings impacts the volume of Twitter activity.
An analysis of Nielsen's Live TV Ratings and Tweets for 221 broadcast primetime program episodes using Nielsen's SocialGuide found that live TV ratings had a statistically significant impact in related Tweets among 48% of the episodes sampled, and that the volume of Tweets caused statistically significant changes in Live TV Ratings among 29 percent of the episodes.
The study is a notable validation of the importance of social media efforts to promote programs and increase viewer engagement. Nielsen is calling it "the first study to quantify the extent to which higher levels of tweeting may cause additional viewers to tune in to programming."
The study also found that impact of Tweets varied by genre.
The biggest impact was in competitive reality, where ratings for 44% of the episodes were impacted by tweets, followed by comedy (37%), sports (28%) and drama (18%).
"Using time series analysis, we saw a statistically significant causal influence indicating that a spike in TV ratings can increase the volume of Tweets, and, conversely, a spike in Tweets can increase tune-in," said Paul Donato, chief research officer at Nielsen in a statement. "This rigorous, research-based approach provides our clients and the media industry as a whole with a better understanding of the interplay between Twitter and broadcast TV viewing."
"These results substantiate what many of our TV partners have been telling us anecdotally for years: namely, that Twitter drives tune-in, especially for live, linear television programming," added Ali Rowghani, Twitter's COO in a statement. "As the world's preeminent real-time social communication medium, Twitter is a complementary tool for broadcasters to engage their audience, drive conversation about their programming, and increase tune-in."


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Celebrity & Royal Weddings
Beyoncé Channels Audrey Hepburn in Tiffany & Co.'s Latest Campaign
She made history as the first Black woman to wear the yellow diamond necklace.
Tess Petak
Tess Petak has been freelancing for Brides since 2020. Her work has also appeared in InStyle Magazine and on InStyle.com.
Mason Poole
Beyoncé and Jay-Z are proving once again why they are an absolute power couple in a new history-making campaign for Tiffany & Co.
The jewelry giant just released the ABOUT LOVE campaign, starring the "Love On Top" singer and rapper. In a chic campaign, Beyoncé drips old Hollywood glamour as she channels Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany's with a form-fitting floor-length gown—in Holly Golightly's signature black—and the iconic 128.5 carat Tiffany yellow diamond with an unprecedented 82 facets. The company acquired the legendary piece in 1878 and subsequently worn by Hepburn in the 1960s film.
The Destiny's Child alum is one of only four women (Lady Gaga most recently wore it to the 2019 Academy Awards) to don the famous $30 million necklace—and she's making history by being the first Black woman to do so.
Another notable milestone about the campaign is the accompaniment of the 1982 Jean-Michel Basquiat's Equals Pi painting, which is part of a private collection and has never been seen in public before now. This also marks the first joint campaign for the Carters.
"Love is the diamond that the jewelry and art decorate," the couple said in a statement shared with People. The campaign is meant to symbolize a modern love, painting the picture of a realistic love — something the company is championing as they usher in a new era for the brand, according to Tiffany.
"Beyoncé and JAY-Z are the epitome of the modern love story," says Executive Vice President of Product & Communications Alexandre Arnault. "As a brand that has always stood for love, strength, and self-expression, we could not think of a more iconic couple that better represents Tiffany's values. We are honored to have the Carters as a part of the Tiffany family."
In the Breakfast at Tiffany's-inspired photos, the "Halo" singer looks exquisite in a black dress, which features a low back cutout and sheer panels along the hip and legs. Beyoncé's hair is done up into a curly bun, with loose curls framing her face. In the stunning image, she and the "Empire State of Mind" rapper exchange romantic glances and share moments of intimacy
The jewelry company is also pledging $2 million towards scholarship and internship programs for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in partnership with the Carters. The campaign will launch in print on September 2, and the accompanying film will be released on Tiffany.com on Sept. 15.
20 Celebrity Power Couples That Work Together
Lindsay Lohan Is Engaged—Plus, Every Celebrity Engaged Right Now
Lady Gaga Trades Engagement Ring for World-Famous Diamond Necklace
The Biggest Celebrity Wedding The Year You Were Born
Ariana Grande Channeled Audrey Hepburn on Her Wedding Day
The Best Celebrity Engagement Rings
All of the Celebrity Couples Who Tied the Knot in 2018
150+ Black-Owned Wedding Businesses to Support Now and Always
Exclusive: Uche Nwosu and Clinton Moxam's Stunning Chicago Wedding
Exclusive: Lauren Price and Brandon Chambers' Tropical Warehouse Wedding in Atlanta
The Brides Best Wedding Planners in America
Tiffany & Co. Unveils Its First-Ever Engagement Ring for Men
A Brief History of Carrie Bradshaw's Iconic Wedding Shoes
A Look Back at Audrey Hepburn's Iconic Wedding Dresses
Everything We Know About Issa Rae's Surprise French Riviera Nuptials


text:
package Site::Pages::Special::Search;
use strictures 1;
use base qw/ Site::Pages /;

# Let's play pretend...

sub handle_POST {
    my ( $self ) = @_;
    return $self->redirect( '/' . $self->req->param( "search" ));
}
1;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Glenn 50's Diner, or just simply 50's Diner, is the reason why I love diners. I think I'm attracted to their theme that reflects a bygone era, but of course the theme alone won't cut it.
For my most recent trip to Baguio, I got a chance to eat at 50's Diner on two occasions: lunch and dinner. Thankfully it was a weekday so we need not fall in line to get a seat, as my former visits entailed. If you plan on visiting on a weekend or during tourist peak season, be extra early as the queue can really get long.
50's Diner, as the name implies, kind of look like a diner in the 1950s. And it actually seems like some of the decors they have are really from that era like the posters, wall decals, and the jukebox. It's not like some other diners that were "forced" to look old—everything just seems really old in 50's Diner—in a good way that is. Too bad that the jukebox doesn't work as I've not seen a working one since I was a small kid.
This is just a single order!
Aside from food, they also serve interesting concoctions. Unfortunately it's mostly cold so it was inappropriate for the weather we were experiencing.
Food at 50's Diner are unbelievably affordable. Would you believe that every item that I featured here don't exceed ₱200? Given the serving size and the quality of food, that's ridiculously cheap! And some items even go below ₱100.
I can't really say anything good or bad with the service at 50's Diner. It's the usual service you get from any other similar establishments in the Philippines. Food serving time from the moment you ordered your food can take a while, most especially during peak times, but I never had wrong food served.


Make adorable dolls and inspirational ideas for designs and outfits with DK's new title, Crafty Dolls. In it, you'll find pretty patterns and basic templates. Full of ideas for how to make rag dolls, knitted dolls, and doll clothes. Learn basic skills to knit and sew an amazing collection of clothes for a rag doll's wardrobe.
Make other outfits for all kinds of occasions: summer and winter wardrobes, party princess outfit, ballerina tutu, clothes for bedtime.
Accessories - bags, handbags, hats, jewelry, shoes etc.


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Caring for Students
Resources for Undocumented Students (DACA)
HomeStudent LifeDeans of Students and Student LifeCaring for StudentsResources for Undocumented Students (DACA)
As a Catholic and Jesuit University, Fordham values the dignity of all members of the University community. For our entire 175-year history, we have kept faith with the vision of Archbishop John Hughes who founded Fordham to serve immigrants and their sons, daughters, grandsons, and granddaughters. The resources listed below are to aid our undocumented students. We stand with you and will do all we can to be effective advocates for you.
The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced Saturday, January 13, 2018, that it would resume accepting renewal requests for individuals eligible. The shift in policy is a result of a nationwide injunction issued by Judge William Alsup of the Federal District Court in San Francisco.
In accordance with this order, the DACA program has been temporarily restored to its status prior to the September 5, 2017, rescission, with two noted distinctions.
1. Initial applications for DACA protections will not be accepted (only renewal applications).
2. USCIS is not required to consider or review advance parole (travel) requests for DACA recipients.
With this order in place, individuals who have previously held DACA protections which have lapsed may be eligible to renew their protections. Recipients, whose protection expires on or after March 5, 2018, are eligible to file renewal requests if they meet the other filing guidelines.
The situation surrounding DACA is ever changing. In the coming weeks, the Trump Administration may take steps to appeal the injunction as Congress works to solidify the protections in a bipartisan bill. Please check back to our website for updates as more information and resources become available.
On September 5, 2017, the Trump Administration announced that the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program is being rescinded. For details, see the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) September 5 Memorandum of Rescission of DACA. This policy reversal is extremely troubling since it puts our DACA students' futures in jeopardy. The DHS memorandum rescinding DACA provides the following as part of the wind-down of the program:
No new DACA applications will be processed after September 5, 2017.
All applications filed prior to September 5, 2017 will be processed.
DHS will accept DACA renewals until October 5, 2017 from current beneficiaries whose benefits will expire between Sept. 5, 2017 and March 5, 2018.
DACA recipients will no longer receive permission to travel abroad and may not be able to re-enter the country should they leave.
No one's DACA benefits will be revoked before the program expires in six months.
It appears that absent congressional action, in six months DACA beneficiaries will begin to lose protections from deportation and permits to work in the United States. Fordham University stands by the members of its community affected by the decision to rescind DACA, and is committed to the following:
Fordham will continue to protect the privacy of student information and records from any unauthorized disclosure in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).
While Fordham representatives, including the Fordham Public Safety, will comply with lawfully issued subpoenas and warrants, it is neither the university's practice nor expectation to function as an agent of the federal government regarding enforcement of federal immigration laws.
Fordham will, as an institution of higher education, continue to embrace its designation as a "Sensitive Location" as defined by DHS policy, which means that the DHS will generally avoid engaging in certain enforcement actions on campus (e.g. arrests, interviews, searches, and surveillance).
Fordham University has been steadfast in support for the DACA program in our advocacy efforts in both Washington D.C. and Albany. We will continue to actively and aggressively engage federal policymakers in an effort to either reverse the order or secure a legislative remedy. We are urging the White House and our elected officials in Washington to support legislative proposals. We ask the members of our community to assist in our efforts. If interested, please contact Lesley Massiah-Arthur, Associate Vice President for Government Relations and Urban Affairs, at massiah@fordham.edu.
For more information on the DACA rescission, please visit the resources below.
Dept. of Homeland Security FAQs about DACA Rescission
Immigrant Legal Resource Center DACA rescission advisory
The following resources are available to the members of the Fordham community impacted by the rescission of the DACA program.
September 5, 2017 ACJU Statement
Father McShane's August 31, 2017 Statement on Caring for the Human Family
Father McShane's December 1, 2016 Statement in Support of Undocumented Students
AJCU 2013 Statement
Pomona Statement
Governor Cuomo's Open Letter to All New York Students
Emerald Isle Immigration Center no fees
Youth Ministries for Peace and Justice no fees
The Arab American Family Support Center
CAMBA Legal Services no fees
Catholic Migration Services nominal fees
African Hope Committee, Inc.
Catholic Charities Community Services, Immigration Legal Services no fees
City College Immigration Center no fees
City Bar Justice Center no fees
CARECEN some have fees
Migration Office of Catholic Charities sliding scale
Flushing Immigration Center no fees
Justice for our Neighbors (Flushing Office) no fees
Staten Island Legal Services no fees
College of Staten Island, El Centro, and Project Immigration Center at the Help Center no fees
My Sister's Place sliding scale
Rockland Community Development Council for Immigration Assistance
Catholic Charities also has many services for immigrants.
Other University Resources
Office of International Services


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Geocracy
Monotheistic Perspective
Geocracy, as explained here, is a type of electoral governance system - the one that forms a key component of the Earth Party's Blueprint for a Mature Civilization.
Quick recap:
Geo means "of the earth." Taken as one word, it means "governance by the earth."
The basic idea is that wisdom should be the defining quality in selecting decision-makers, and that the natural world - i.e. "Nature" - is the source of - or at least the bridge to - wisdom.
A good decision-maker is someone who is closely connected with Nature, and therefore, elections should be designed to maximize the empowerment of such people, and such consciousness within all people, and all decisions, to the greatest extent possible.
The closer a person is to Nature, the wiser decision-maker they are. And the more immersed-in-Nature the decision-makers are when they're making decisions, the wiser those decisions will be.
When people express skepticism of this idea, it's for two reasons:
-Atheism (and this all sounds like "woo-woo")
-Monotheism (and this all sounds like "worshiping the Creation, instead of the Creator")
This page addresses the latter objection. If you're a Christian, Jew, or Muslim - or any kind of monotheist, worry not!
Not only is geocracy compatible with monotheism, but it's actually demanded by monotheism. If you believe in God as the Creator, then geocracy is the most logical way to govern society.
If God created Nature, then Nature is God's work.
His art.
When you experience art, you are glimpsing the mind of the artist. Art carries the energy signature of its maker.
Nature expresses the mind of God. Not only does it do that, but it does it better than any other thing within the Creation.
Even more so than a book. Any book.
Nature was made by God. A book was made by Man.
If you're going to draw inspiration from someone's handiwork, wouldn't you choose God's above any human's?
Now sure, you can say "But God inspired the Scriptures! They're His works!"
Well even if that's true, they're still a collaboration between God and Man. Man was involved in the Creating process, since he's the one who actually put quill to parchment, and it was his language from which God selected the words.
Nature is the work of just God. No Man was involved in the creation of the forest, or the mountains, or the ocean. A tree in the wild was shaped by nothing and no one except Nature and "Nature's God."
Books, even if divinely inspired, are still partly Man's work, and therefore bear the marks and imperfections of Man's mind within them. No matter how perfect the words are, they're still only words, and no word fully encapsulates that to which it points.
Especially not the complex, abstract, spiritual words. Is the word "Redemption", or the word "Salvation", identical to the actual phenomena to which they point? One set is a set of sounds made by the mouth and vocal cords. The other set is... well... what DO those words actually refer to? Whole books and treatises and theological careers have been devoted to exploring singular questions like those. Nobody has exactly the same conception of these things, and when you talk about them to someone, you can't even be sure that he or she understands them in exactly the same way you do.
That is the limitation of words. Of language itself.
Language was made by Man, and if Man's mind bears the limitations of the Fall, then so does his language. And so does any message written IN language.
No matter what you read, if you're reading words, you're absorbing interference from the mind of Man.
But a tree doesn't bear those imperfections. A wild animal suffers no corruption from Man's fall. A virgin forest bears very few, if any, marks of the technocratic simulacrum that Man has been calling "civilization", and trying to superimpose on top of God's Creation.
It's just the artwork of God, and nobody else.
Ancient cultures revere trees, animals, the sky, the clouds, the Sun, the rivers and lakes and oceans, and the mountains and the earth, and the entire ecosystem itself, and the celestial bodies, because these are the things that were made by God, and which therefore express the nature of His mind.
Without the interference of Man's mind distorting the signal.
Even if you close your eyes and say, "I'm going to picture God, in my mind, and worship Him there"... you're still worshiping a picture - a mental picture, but a picture nonetheless - and any picture is part of the Creation.
If you're picturing a particular face or person - maybe the fellow in Michelangelo's mural, or maybe the face in your favorite painting or icon of Christ - you're using a work of Man. It was painted by Man, according to language developed by Man, in a book that in many cases was translated by Man. There are multiple levels of interference, or "radio static", inherent in such a process.
No matter how you attempt to worship God, and no matter how hard you try to select the purest image you can muster - even if it's just a generalized "Pure White Light" or something - it's still just a picture, and still part of the Creation.
Anything you worshipis part of Creation. Including a picture - even if you mean it to be a picture of God - because all pictures are things, and all things are creations.
If you're engaged in worship, then you are, by definition, worshiping something in the Creation. That's what worship is.
And ancient cultures knew this, and were OK with it, because they understand that you can still worship God through whatever the creation is that you're worshiping. If it's a tree, you can worship the Creator through His Creation, the tree. If it's the Ocean, you can worship Him through the Ocean and its motion, which whispers of the very laws of physics that He encoded so many aeons ago.
If you want to worship him through an image in your mind, that's OK too. But just be aware that the image is part of the Creation too. So you're worshiping part of the Creation, just like the pagans are.
And not only that, but you're worshiping a collaborative creation - a joint venture made by God AND Man. (The "Man" in this case being yourself, since you're the one envisioning the image, as well as the painter or sculptor if you're borrowing a famous image). So you're worshiping Man's work, and specifically your own work.
You're worshiping Creation, AND it's partly Man's creation, AND partly your OWN creation.
Isn't it obvious that there's "static" in a signal like that?
There's no static in Nature. The closer you are to Nature, the closer you are to God.
If you're going to worship Creation (which you already are, because that's what all worship is), then you might as well do it with the pure artwork of the Creator, rather than the imperfect simulacra of Man.
Now let's let some of the pressure out of this balloon!
Geocracy does not require worshiping trees. Or worshiping anything at all. It has nothing to do with that.
It has to do with voting and elections and the structure of government. In a nutshell, the intelligence of the Creator should be accessed when voting and making decisions about governance, and Nature is the vehicle through which to do that - as explained above. And the structure of government should resemble the structure of God's natural Creation.
It makes use of a system called Land-Based Sequential Delegation, for electing people to office.
For a full explanation of what that entails, click here.


Several major incidents in the U.S., including the death of 19 wildland firefighters in the State of Arizona, and the Washington D.C. area Navy Yard shooting focused attention on the need for best practices involving radio programming, interoperability and training. In June of 2014, the NPSTC Governing Board approved the creation of the NPSTC Radio Interoperability Best Practices Working Group which focused on programming guidelines, policy, verification, testing and training.
It is important to note that these are Best Practice recommendations and are not intended to be standards or requirements. It is acknowledged that not all agencies operate in the same way and some agencies will not be able to fully implement these recommendations. The final statements articulate the highest achievable goal for interoperability, with the understanding that any step forward in the migration path is an improvement. It is hoped that the report will help public safety agencies make incremental improvements in their operations while enhancing the safety of first responders.
With the completion of the Best Practices for Public Safety Interoperable Communications Report, which includes updates to the Radio Interoperability Best Practices Working Group Overview Report and the initial 13 Best Practice statements, the Radio Interoperability Best Practices Working Group has completed their initial task assignment and is currently on hiatus. New best practices will be developed within the parent Interoperability Committee unless or until it is deemed necessary to reconvene the Working Group for regular meetings or to review the existing best practice statements. Click on the "Connect with NPSTC" button on the right to join the Working Group if you are interested in becoming involved with any future work.
There were no updates to this group during August 2018.


Welcome to the FWCC World Office website.
Our work includes helping Friends to live sustainably and sustain life on Earth; the annual World Quaker Day of fellowship on the first Sunday in October; and the Quaker United Nations Offices in New York and Geneva.
Visit the World Quaker Day Website to see reports, photos and videos from all over the world.
Friends World Committee for Consultation is happy to announce the availability of the new Young Adult Friends Development Fund. The Fund has been created from Quaker Youth Pilgrimage monies, and we hope it will generate similarly powerful experiences of deep spiritual connection and encouragement for Young Adult Friends.
Funding is available for events and projects that benefit and strengthen the network of Young Adult Friends around the world.