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O Vale do Ribeira é uma região localizada no sul do estado de São Paulo e no leste do estado do Paraná, no Brasil. Recebe este nome em função da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Ribeira de Iguape e ao Complexo Estuarino Lagunar de Iguape, Cananeia e Paranaguá. Sua área de 2 830 666 hectares abriga uma população de 481 224 habitantes e inclui integralmente a área de 31 municípios (nove paranaenses e 22 paulistas). Existem, ainda, outros 21 municípios no Estado do Paraná e outros 18 municípios no Estado de São Paulo que estão parcialmente inseridos na bacia do Ribeira.

A região é destacada pela preservação de suas matas e por grande diversidade ecológica. Seus mais de 2,1 milhões de hectares de florestas equivalem a aproximadamente 21 por cento dos remanescentes de mata atlântica existentes no Brasil, sendo a maior área contínua de um ecossistema do Brasil. Neste conjunto de áreas preservadas são encontradas não apenas florestas, mas importantes comunidades indígenas, comunidades quilombolas, comunidades caiçaras, imigrantes e uma biodiversidade em plena preservação. Abriga 61 por cento da mata atlântica remanescente no Brasil, 150 000 hectares de restinga e 17 000 de manguezais. Seus ecossistemas aquáticos são formados por rio, estuário e mar e terrestres por duna, mangue, restinga e floresta ombrófila densa. Por conta de ser uma das áreas de maior biodiversidade do globo, a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura declarou o Vale do Ribeira como Patrimônio Natural da Humanidade em 1999.

Os principais ciclos econômicos do Vale do Ribeira se instalaram ao longo da história e foram: a exploração aurífera e outros minérios; o cultivo do arroz; o cultivo do café; o cultivo de chá e o cultivo de banana - os dois últimos formam a base da economia local nas décadas recentes. Estes ciclos econômicos transformaram o Vale do Ribeira em uma potencial fonte de recursos naturais de baixo custo para regiões próximas. A região é também produtora de água de qualidade tanto para abastecimento humano quanto para a fauna aquática.

História
Por volta do ano 1000, a região, até então ocupada pelos tapuias, foi invadida por povos do tronco linguístico tupi provenientes da Amazônia. Como resultado, os tapuias foram expulsos para o interior do continente. No século XVI, a região era ocupada pelos carijós. Nesse mesmo século, espanhóis e portugueses fundaram os povoados de Cananéia e Iguape. As cidades estratégicas do Vale do Ribeira funcionavam como núcleos de apoio aos colonizadores europeus: Iguape e Cananéia, com seus portos, facilitavam a entrada e intercâmbio de mercadorias que penetravam através do Rio Ribeira de Iguape e seus afluentes.

O impulso do desenvolvimento na região se deu pela descoberta de ouro na Serra de Paranapiacaba, que, no século XVII, atraiu garimpeiros para a região. A população negra era superior à população branca na região e tornou-se a principal mão de obra no Vale do Ribeira, onde muitas das construções foram feitas por mão de obra escrava, como igrejas, monumentos, cemitérios e outras construções.

A mineração do ouro na região foi responsável pelo surgimento de várias cidades no Vale do Ribeira: muitas destas cidades, como Apiaí, surgiram pela migração de garimpeiros em busca de ouro. No século XVIII, os garimpeiros abandonam a região do Vale do Ribeira ao receberam a notícia de que Minas Gerais possuía abundância em ouro. Com a escassez do ouro na região, a agricultura, que era de subsistência, passou a ter maior valor na região. Com vasta experiência naval, a região passa construir embarcações para todo o país.

Iguape tornou-se o primeiro produtor de arroz do país durante o século XIX, permitindo a integração da região à economia mercantil escravocrata vigente na época. No entanto, a expansão desse mercado esbarrou em uma série de obstáculos que dificultaram a sua manutenção.

Os problemas eram inúmeros: entre eles, os problemas relativos à produção, a concorrência mundial e a deficiência dos meios de transporte. O ciclo da cultura do café no estado de São Paulo levou os investimentos para outras regiões, deixando o Vale do Ribeira sem incentivos para a reorganização da região.

A instalação de colonização de Pariquera-Açu e a construção de estradas de ferro ligando a região com o planalto e o porto de Santos (Santos-Juquiá), entre 1900 e 1920.

A cidade de Registro passa a ser o centro econômico da região. Com a imigração de japoneses, os bananais passam a ocupar as áreas ribeirinhas, substituindo o arroz, e a cultura do chá foi iniciada nas colinas. O Vale do Ribeira passa a fazer parte da economia do estado de São Paulo, porém os resultados são lentos na região. A pesca permanece sendo a principal atividade econômica da região, desenvolvida na cidade de Cananéia em escalas comerciais e mantendo a região na economia paulista.

Na década de 1960, foi construída a rodovia BR-116, alterando as formas de ocupação na região e incorporando-a ao mercado imobiliário, com a valorização de suas terras. A região da bacia do Rio Ribeira, frente à economia do Estado de São Paulo, mesmo tendo, em sua área, dois municípios que iniciaram a ocupação portuguesa do território paulista (Cananeia, em 1501 e Iguape, em 1538), continua com a mais baixa densidade populacional do estado de São Paulo e permanece à parte dos processos de desenvolvimento da economia paulista.

O Vale do Ribeira permanece pouco habitado e mantém parte do seu ambiente natural preservado. Nele, a história ficou gravada em remanescentes de quilombos; nos desvios dos rios pelos jesuítas na busca por ouro; nas minas subterrâneas com seus labirintos a percorrer o interior da terra, nos monumentos importantes das épocas áureas do ciclo do ouro e da cultura da erva-mate, do arroz e do chá. O complexo rizicultor escravista do Vale do Ribeira paulista teve decadência concomitante à do Vale do Paraíba, entretanto a crise foi mais grave em razão da dificuldade de transportes.

No início do século XX, chegaram as primeiras rodovias ligando os principais núcleos à capital paulista, o que proporcionou o deslocamento do eixo econômico para o centro e o norte do Vale, não sendo, contudo, suficiente para promover o desenvolvimento da região. Uma relativa reintegração econômica da porção paulista da região viria a ocorrer em meados do mesmo século, em especial a partir de 1940, momento em que a agricultura regional começou a ser incorporada à economia estadual com a implantação das culturas de chá e banana, graças à colonização nipônica. A partir da década de 1950, tomou, vulto, a exploração industrial do pinho, que absorveu a mão de obra liberada da cultura do chá, cuja produção entra em declínio.

Trata-se de uma área repleta de unidades de conservação ambiental e destaca-se no cenário nacional pela riqueza de recursos minerais e por ser a região que conserva o maior remanescente contínuo de mata atlântica. O sistema de drenagem é comandado prioritariamente pela Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Ribeira de Iguape e secundariamente pela vertente Atlântica (baías de Paranaguá e Antonina no Paraná) e pelos rios que desaguam no oceano ou em estuários, em São Paulo.

Do ponto de vista econômico, merecem, destaque, as culturas da banana e da tangerina e as atividades pecuárias de rebanhos bovino e bubalino, que se encontram em expansão, atingindo, ambos, cifra próxima de 230 mil cabeças. As culturas temporárias de tomate e milho são as mais expressivas e concentram-se na área serrana. Entre as culturas permanentes, merece destaque a tangerina, marcadamente presente na área serrana e ao longo da rodovia BR-116, onde também se destacam as culturas de banana, caqui e maracujá.

A caracterização sociocultural e geoeconômica da Mesorregião Vale do Ribeira/Guaraqueçaba sinaliza a existência de um enclave de estagnação econômica e baixo desenvolvimento social, em um espaço físico marcado pelo intenso verde de um dos mais ricos e ameaçados biomas do planeta, fato este que a configura como uma área bastante complexa e frágil para todas as modalidades de uso e ocupação. É imprescindível que os problemas identificados sejam tratados de forma conjunta entre os setores público, privado e a sociedade civil, potencializando o capital social e natural para o desenvolvimento e a consequente redução das desigualdades.

Geografia

Hidrografia
Treze sub-bacias formam a bacia do Rio Ribeira.

Alto Ribeira, abrangendo os municípios de:
 Barra do Chapéu
 Itapirapuã Paulista
 Apiaí
 Itaóca
 Iporanga
 Ribeira
 Adrianópolis

Baixo Ribeira, abrangendo os municípios de:
 Apiaí
 Iporanga
 Eldorado
 Sete Barras

Rio Ribeira de Iguape, abrangendo os municípios de:
 Registro
 Pariquera-Açu
 Iguape

Alto Juquiá, abrangendo os municípios de:
 São Lourenço da Serra
 Juquitiba
 Tapiraí

Médio Juquiá, abrangendo os municípios de:
 Tapiraí
 Juquiá
 Miracatu

Baixo Juquiá, abrangendo os municípios de:
 Juquiá
 Tapiraí
 Sete Barras

Rio São Lourenço, abrangendo os municípios de:
 Miracatu
 Pedro de Toledo
 Juquiá

Rio Itariri, abrangendo os municípios de:
 Itariri
 Pedro de Toledo

Rio Una da Aldeia abrangendo o município de Iguape.

Rio Pardo, abrangendo o município de Barra do Turvo.

Rio Jacupiranga, abrangendo os municípios de:
 Jacupiranga
 Pariquera-Açu
 Cajati
 Registro

Vertente Marítima Sul, abrangendo os municípios de:
 Cananéia
 Ilha Comprida

Vertente Marítima Norte, abrangendo o município de Iguape.

Demografia
A população da Região do Vale do Ribeira é formada de brancos, negros, pardos, amarelos e indígenas. As cidades mais populosas do Vale do Ribeira são: Registro, Cajati, Apiaí, Iguape, Juquiá, Juquitiba e Miracatu. A maior parte da população vive na zona urbana.

População
O Vale do Ribeira não é só reconhecido por sua riqueza ambiental, que torna a região singular, mas também por sua riqueza cultural. Sua população, formada por indígenas, caiçaras, quilombolas, portugueses, franceses, poloneses, húngaros, judeus, eslovacos, italianos, ingleses, russos, alemães, japoneses e chineses, forma uma diversidade cultural raramente encontrada, um patrimônio cultural preservado.

Comunidades caiçaras
A comunidade caiçara possui uma população litorânea nos estados de São Paulo e Paraná, as comunidades caiçaras nasceram no século XVI da miscigenação de brancos de origem portuguesa, grupos indígenas das regiões litorâneas e comunidades quilombolas. Uma cultura litorânea brasileira, os caiçaras fazem parte de um forte elo com a natureza. Possuidora de vasta experiência no cultivo, coleta, manejo e preservação de recursos naturais da região. Os caiçaras se destacam entre as comunidades que habitam o Vale do Ribeira por sua miscigenação e conhecimentos culturais compartilhados entre brancos portugueses, grupos indígenas e quilombolas.

Um povo alegre e hospitaleiro, os caiçaras são mundialmente conhecidos por europeus, asiáticos, norte-americanos e sul-americanos. O ecoturismo se tornou uma de suas principais atividades econômicas. Suas atividades tradicionais são a pesca e agricultura, utilizadas comercialmente em pequenas escalas e para consumo doméstico.

Comunidades indígenas
As comunidades indígenas do Vale do Ribeira são formadas por dez aldeias guaranis de famílias pertencentes aos subgrupos Mbyá e Ñandeva. Suas principais atividades tradicionais são a pesca, a caça e a agricultura. Vivem dentro ou próximo às reservas naturais.

É uma comunidade que, ao longo dos anos, vem tornando cada vez mais intenso seu relacionamento com os brancos, pardos e amarelos no Vale do Ribeira. É uma comunidade hospitaleira com seus visitantes. Muitos indígenas se deslocam de suas aldeias para frequentar a escola.

Comunidades quilombolas
As comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira são um dos patrimônios culturais que mais representam a liberdade humana. Uma comunidade com uma riqueza cultural e hospitaleira aos seus visitantes. Com uma história marcada com injustiças sociais, violações de seus direitos em todos os sentidos. As comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira sobreviveram às perseguições ao longo dos anos. Hoje, são apoiadas por inúmeros pesquisadores, simpatizantes, ONGs e repartições públicas que buscam os direitos destas comunidades.

As comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira são formadas por nove comunidades. São elas: Bombas, Cangume, Galvão, Ivaporunduva, Mandira, Morro Seco, Pedro Cubas, Porto Velho, São Pedro.

Municípios

Economia
O Vale do Ribeira com uma agricultura diversificada com considerável participação na economia paulista se destaca no estado de São Paulo e em outros paises com seus produtos. Cidades como Eldorado, Registro, Juquiá, Sete barras, Miracatu e Cajati se destacam como produtores de bananas, representando mais de 50% da produção no estado de São Paulo.

A cultura do chá-da-índia - Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze - no Brasil concentra-se na região do Vale do Ribeira, principalmente nos municípios de Registro e Pariquera-Açu. Os principais países importadores do chá preto de Registro e Pariqueraçu são: Reino Unido, Alemanha, Holanda, Estados Unidos e Chile. Como 90 por cento da produção de chá preto é exportada, tornando a região em referência mundial na produção do chá-da-índia - Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze.

A produção de frutos como o maracujá, a goiaba, a abacate e outras frutas que fazem parte da economia da região são cada vez mais cultivadas em diversas cidades na região. Tornando o Vale do Ribeira referência para a economia paulista.

O cultivo de plantas nativas da região cresce em ritmo acelerado ao longo dos anos, o açaí e a pupunha se tornaram fonte de renda e seu cultivo se intensifica em áreas litorâneas. O Vale do Ribeira fornece produtos de qualidade para todo o estado de São Paulo e região próximas no estado do Paraná, um cultivo sustentável na região, gerando empregos diretos e indiretos.

A piscicultura no Vale do Ribeira é favorecida pelo clima e suas bacias hidrográficas. A região atrai investidores de diversas regiões do estado de São Paulo, se tornando um dos maiores produtores da economia paulista. O Vale do Ribeira com uma água de qualidade amplia seus investimentos ao longo dos anos na piscicultura.

A indústria no Vale do Ribeira cada vez mais apoiada pelo governo do estado de São Paulo e pelo Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas, ganha força e se instala em diversas cidades da região. As cidades estratégicas em transporte como Juquiá, Registro, Miracatu, Sete Barras, atraem empresas de diversas regiões possibilitando melhores condições de escoamento de produtos para o Paraná, sudeste e nordeste de São Paulo. Eliminando custos e gerando benefícios para a indústria e habitantes locais.

O transporte no Vale do Ribeira ganha força com investimentos do governo federal e estadual, contando com rodovias que fazem do vale do Ribeira um das regiões do estado de São Paulo com uma estrutura de transporte voltada a produção da região, eliminando custos para investidores na região.

A produção de energia no Vale do Ribeira é produzida por Usinas hidrelétricas no Rio Juquiá (duas em Tapiraí, duas em Juquiá).

Agricultura
A agricultura continua sendo a principal atividade econômica e fonte de renda da população do vale. Em sua faixa litorânea, contudo, a pesca exerce papel fundamental na ocupação e desenvolvimento econômico das comunidades locais. Os principais produtos comercializados pelos pescadores são o camarão e a ostra, além de crustáceos e pescados. As culturas mais presentes nas lavouras do vale, por sua vez, são a banana e o chá preto, que ocupam áreas mais extensas e têm maior relevância do ponto de vista comercial. Atividades de pecuária também são registradas em algumas localidades. A banana, por exemplo, é cultivada em quase todos os municípios, por grandes e pequenos produtores. A área litorânea ocupada predominantemente pela população caiçara e algumas aldeias de índios guarani se dedicam mais à atividade pesqueira em canal ou mar aberto. Já no interior, onde predominam as comunidades quilombolas, a cultura da banana representa a principal atividade. Existe ainda um setor secundário regional caracterizado por reduzido número de estabelecimentos que absorvem pouca mão de obra, com destaque para a exploração de fosfato e calcário, predominante nos municípios de Cajati e Apiaí. Grande número de produtores familiares desenvolvem agricultura de subsistência. A pecuária é incipiente.

A bananeira (Musa spp.) pertence à família botânica Musaceae e é originária do Extremo Oriente. A planta se caracteriza por apresentar caule suculento e subterrâneo (rizoma), cujo "falso" tronco é formado pelas bases superpostas das folhas, folhas grandes e flores em cachos que surgem em série a partir do chamado "coração" da bananeira. É uma planta tipicamente tropical, exige calor constante, precipitações bem distribuídas e elevada umidade para o seu bom desenvolvimento e produção. Sua altura pode variar de 1,8 a 8,0 metros. Dada a característica de emitir sempre novos rebentos o bananal é permanente na área, porém com as plantas se renovando ciclicamente. A banana é um alimento energético, rico em carboidratos, sais minerais, como sódio, magnésio, fósforo e, especialmente, potássio. Apresenta predominância de vitamina A e C, contendo também as vitaminas B1, B2 e B6. Contém pouca proteína e gordura.

A banana, além da série de produtos que podem ser confeccionados com o fruto, tem as folhas que podem servir para cobrir abrigos provisórios, ou como embalagens improvisadas, ser utilizada como ataduras de emergência, ou ainda, resultar em certo tipo de papel. O líquido acumulado entre as folhas e o caule, é utilizado para aliviar dores resultantes do ataque das aranhas, vespas, escorpiões e até de cobra. A fruta pode também auxiliar no tratamento de certas enfermidades, tais como: tuberculose, paralisia, reumatismo, artrites, prisão de ventre, diarreia, desidratação, e, ainda, doenças de estômago, rins, fígado, intestinos e nervos, úlceras da pele, dermatites, queimaduras de sol, diarreia, feridas, fraqueza pulmonar, resfriados, tosse crônica, tosse de fumante, bronquite crônica.

No Brasil, o setor gera mais de 500 000 empregos diretos. Segundo dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, no ano de 2001, a cultura foi a segunda mais produzida, ficando atrás somente da laranja. Apresentou uma área colhida de 510 313 hectares, com uma produção de 6 177 293 toneladas de frutos, o que correspondeu a um volume de negócios superior a 1 800 000 000 de reais no mesmo ano.

Piscicultura
A piscicultura é uma das principais alavancas do desenvolvimento social e econômico na região do Vale do Ribeira, aproveitando os recursos naturais locais e gerando novos postos de trabalhos diretos e indiretos. A atividade foi iniciada com a criação de carpas em lagos e açudes por comunidades japonesas na região na década de 1930. Após as iniciativas de japoneses, houve um crescimento desta atividade no Vale do Ribeira com o incentivo da extinta Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Litoral Paulista. Na década de 1990, a atividade se fixou no Vale do Ribeira como uma atividade economicamente sustentável, localizad nos principais municípios do Vale do Ribeira, onde 24,5 por cento encontram-se em Juquiá, 22,5 por cento em Registro, 13,5 por cento em Miracatu, 13,5 por cento em Iguape, 8,5 por cento em Sete Barras, 8,5 por cento em Pariquera-Açu, 6,5 por cento em Jacupiranga e 2,5 por cento em Cananeia.

São cultivadas 41 espécies, sendo que 6 são nativas e 28 espécies apresentam fugas.

As instalações utilizadas são variadas e buscam tornar o cultivo de peixes viável na região, muito das instalações são modernas e com alta tecnologia.

Turismo
O turismo do Vale do Ribeira cresce ao longo dos anos, onde o ecoturismo se torna popular para habitantes de outras regiões e grandes centros. O Vale do Ribeira com uma infraestrutura moderna e modesta ao mesmo tempo oferecem apoio aos turistas na região.

Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira
O Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira se localiza no sul do estado de São Paulo, entre os municípios de Apiaí, Eldorado e Iporanga.

Ele possui uma das maiores extensões preservadas de Mata Atlântica original, além de ter uma das maiores concentrações de cavernas do planeta.

O parque possui aproximadamente 36 000 hectares cobertos por uma dos últimos remanescentes da Mata Atlântica no estado de São Paulo. Suas montanhas, vales, cachoeiras, rios de águas cristalinas, cavernas, fauna e flora exuberantes tornaram o parque um ponto muito importante para o ecoturismo brasileiro.

A presença das cavernas em conjunto com a mata atlântica preservada, favorece o visitante conhecer diversos ambientes; passar por alguns rios, tomar banho de cachoeiras fora e dentro de cavernas. A oportunidade de ter conhecido um lugar maravilhoso. Sua grande diversidade de roteiros permite agradar desde iniciantes a veteranos.

O parque possui quatro núcleos para a visitação turística: Núcleo Santana, Núcleo Ouro Grosso, Núcleo Casa de Pedra, Núcleo Caboclos. Os mais frequentados são o Núcleo Santana e o Núcleo Ouro Grosso.

Caverna Casa de Pedra
Localizada no Núcleo Casa de Pedra do parque. Esta caverna é conhecida pela exuberância de sua entrada. Seu pórtico alcança 215 metros de altura. Seu salão principal de 350 metros de comprimento, 120 metros de largura e 70 metros de altura é iluminado por uma grande boca seca. Após a galeria seca existe um trecho de natação, com 25 metros de comprimento e forte correnteza. Aqui, se pode escalar os íngremes paredões com auxílio de equipamento adequado.

Acesso: Em Apiaí, dirija-se para a SP-250 e na altura do quilômetro 30 dessa rodovia (placa "Espírito Santo") siga à direita em estrada de terra. Depois de 16 quilômetros, chega-se ao Núcleo Cablocos do parque, onde se deve dirigir-se à administração que indicará os roteiros. Só pode ser visitada com monitores especializados e a travessia ocorre apenas com autorização especial.

Caverna da Água Suja
Localizada no Núcleo Santana do parque, esta caverna é composta essencialmente de um rio subterrâneo, que recebe dois afluentes. Sua entrada tem teto bastante alto e aproximadamente 10m de largura. Seguindo-se a galeria do rio. O caminho dificulta-se pelo teto baixo, onde se deve tomar cuidado com súbitas enchentes.

Acesso: junto ao quilômetro 21 da estrada que liga os municípios de Apiaí e Iporanga, sai uma variante à esquerda, sinalizada, que leva, após 1,2 quilômetro, à área do estacionamento do parque. Do estacionamento, segue-se uma trilha acompanhando o curso do rio Betari, com trechos bastante íngremes. Depois de 1 300 metros, encontra-se um acesso de mais 50 metros à direita que leva a essa caverna. Visita somente com autorização. Cobrança de ingresso no núcleo.

Caverna da Arataca
Localizada no Núcleo Caboclos do Petar, a caverna da arataca possui três entradas diferentes, sendo a inferior o acesso mais habitual. Depois de 250 metros no interior da caverna, chega-se a uma entrada, no outro lado da montanha. O teto é baixo na entrada principal, mas logo abra-se o salão. Existem muitos trechos com teto baixo, argila, quebra-corpos e aclives com chaminés.

Acesso: Em Apiaí, dirija-se para a SP-250 e, na altura do quilômetro 30 dessa rodovia (placa "Espírito Santo"), siga à direita em estrada de terra. Depois de 16 quilômetros, chega-se ao Núcleo Caboclos do parque, onde deve-se dirigir à administração, que indicará os roteiros. Visita somente com autorização.

Caverna de Santana
Localizada no Núcleo Santana do parque, é a mais visitada do Estado de São Paulo. Rica em formações e labirintos é constituída por uma malha de galeria em três níveis, depois em apenas duas sobrepostas, por onde escoa o Rio Roncador. Parte desta caverna é de fácil acesso, com escada de madeira e pontes construídas nos pontos de difícil travessia. Outra só pode ser visitada com a ajuda de guias altamente especializados. Por fim, uma terceira parte é acessível somente a especialistas e com autorização prévia.

Acesso: junto ao quilômetro 21 da estrada que liga os municípios de Apiaí e Iporanga, sai uma variante à esquerda sinalizada, que leva, após 1,2 quilômetros à área de estacionamento do parque. Ali, existem placas indicativas para chegar na caverna. Visita somente com autorização. Cobrança de ingresso no núcleo.

Caverna do Monjolinho
Localizada no Núcleo Caboclos do parque. A caverna do Monjolinho tem 350 metros de desenvolvimento e percurso totalmente seco. O ribeirão do Monjolinho atravessa a caverna num nível inferior, o que faz perceptível apenas pelo barulho de suas águas. Dentre suas formações, destaca-se a coluna conhecida como "Gigante do Monjolinho". Os espeleotemas não estão em bom estado de conservação e é necessário cuidado em certos trechos.

Acesso: Em Apiaí, dirija-se para a SP-250 e, na altura do quilômetro 30 dessa rodovia (placa "Espírito Santo"), siga à direita em estrada de terra. Depois de 16 quilômetros, chega-se ao Núcleo Caboclos do Petar, onde deve-se dirigir à administração, que indicará os roteiros. Visita somente com autorização.

Caverna do Couto
Localizada logo abaixo da Caverna do Morro Preto, no Núcleo Santana do parque, essa caverna atravessa a montanha. Ao lado de uma de suas entradas, encontra-se uma cachoeira com a água que vem de dentro da caverna e deságua no Rio Betari alguns metros abaixo. Em alguns trechos, o teto é relativamente baixo e sua visão é muito interessante com gotículas penduradas refletindo as luzes das lanternas. Não possui ornamentações, sendo 400m o seu desenvolvimento.

Acesso: junto ao quilômetro 21 da estrada que liga os municípios de Apiaí e Iporanga, sai uma variante à esquerda sinalizada, que leva, após 1,2 quilômetros, à área de estacionamento do parque. Ali existem placas indicativas para chegar na caverna. Visita somente com autorização. Cobrança de ingresso no núcleo.

Caverna do Morro Preto
Localizada no Núcleo Santana do PETAR. Sua entrada é muito bonita. Apresenta amplas galerias e salões, de fácil travessia. Em apenas dois locais existem desníveis de no máximo 5 metros, superados por escadas de madeira. Em uma de suas salas foram encontrados vestígios de habitação pré-histórica.

Acesso: junto ao quilômetro 21 da estrada que liga os municípios de Apiaí e Iporanga, sai uma variante à esquerda sinalizada, que leva, após 1,2 quilômetros, à área de estacionamento do parque. Ali, existem placas indicativas para se chegar na caverna que está a 500m do quiosque de recepção. Deve-se atravessar o rio Betari e seguir por uma trilha. Visita somente com autorização. Cobrança de ingresso no Núcleo.

Caverna do Couto
Localizada logo abaixo da Caverna do Morro Preto, no Núcleo Santana do parque, essa caverna atravessa a montanha. Ao lado de uma de suas entradas encontra-se uma cachoeira com a água que vem de dentro da caverna e deságua no Rio Betari alguns metros abaixo. Em alguns trechos, o teto é relativamente baixo e sua visão é muito interessante com gotículas penduradas refletindo as luzes das lanternas. Não possui ornamentações, sendo 400 metros o seu desenvolvimento.

Acesso: junto ao quilômetro 21 da estrada que liga os municípios de Apiaí e Iporanga, sai uma variante à esquerda sinalizada, que leva, após 1,2 quilômetro, à área de estacionamento do parque. Ali, existem placas indicativas para chegar na caverna. Visita somente com autorização. Cobrança de ingresso no Núcleo.

Parque Estadual Intervales
O Parque Estadual Intervales, juntamente com o Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, Estação Ecológica de Xitué, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, Parque Estadual de Jacupiranga e Zona de Vida Silvestre da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Serra do Mar, compõem o chamado continuum ecológico de Paranapiacaba, com mais de 120 000 hectares, um dos mais significativos trechos protegidos da mata atlântica.

Caverna Colorida
Localizada no parque estadual intervales, a caverna colorida tem diversas formações calcárias e em seu interior alguns trechos têm que ser feitos dentro do riacho.

Acesso: Em Apiaí, siga para a SP-250, Sentido Guapiara. Depois de 3 quilômetros, existe uma placa indicativa para o intervales à direita. Dali, são mais 17 quilômetros até chegar ao parque, onde se deve dirigir à administração, pois os passeios são sempre monitorados e há cobrança de ingresso no parque.

Caverna da Santa
Localizada no Parque estadual Intervales, a Caverna da Santa tem seu nome originário de uma imagem de Nossa senhora de Lourdes colocada logo na sua entrada.

Acesso: Em Apiaí siga para a SP-250, sentido Guapiara. Depois de 3 quilômetros, existe uma placa indicativa para o intervales à direita. Dali são mais 17 Km até chegar ao parque onde se deve dirigia à administração, pois os passeios são monitorados. Cobrança de ingresso no parque.

Parque Estadual do Jacupiranga
O Parque Estadual de Jacupiranga foi criado pelo Decreto-Lei 145, de 8 de agosto de 1969.

Localiza-se no estado de São Paulo, na região do Vale do Ribeira de Iguape. Abrange os seguintes municípios: Jacupiranga (22 749,30 hectares); Barra do Turvo (79 139,89 hectares); Cananeia (23 032,89 hectares); Iporanga (6 775,24 hectares); Eldorado (18 302,68 hectares) e Cajati, totalizando uma área de 150 000 hectares e um perímetro de 369 000 metros.

Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso
O Parque Estadual é habitado por cerca de 480 pessoas. Sua população é formada por caiçaras que vivem da pesca e da cultura de subsistência. Além dos caiçaras, a Ilha do Cardoso foi invadida por índios guaranis mbyá. A população indígena na ilha varia de 25 a 100 pessoas. Essa população vive principalmente de cestas básicas do governo federal, da caça e do corte do palmito-juçara, todas atividades ilegais, mas que são ignoradas pelo parque.

Praias
As praias oceânicas do Vale do Ribeira são banhadas pelo Oceano Atlântico. No Sul do estado de São Paulo em direção ao centro-leste do estado do Paraná, os municípios litorâneos são: Iguape, Ilha Comprida e Cananeia.

Iguape
Iguape é um município do estado de São Paulo. Localiza-se a uma latitude 24º42'29" sul e a uma longitude 47º33'19" oeste, estando a uma altitude de 3 metros. Sua população estimada em 2004 era de 28 367 habitantes.

 Praia Canto da Jureia
 Praia do Leste
 Praia Icapara
 Praia Italcolomy
 Praia Juréia
 Praia Ribeira
 Praia Rio Verde

Ilha Comprida
Ilha Comprida é um município brasileiro do estado de São Paulo. É uma cidade litorânea e localiza-se a uma latitude 24º44'28" sul e a uma longitude 47º32'24" oeste. Sua população estimada em 2004 era de 8.730 habitantes.

 Praia Boa Vista
 Praia Céu Azul
 Praia Costa do Sol
 Praia Costa Linda
 Praia da Ponta da Praia
 Praia das Garças
 Praia das Pedrinhas
 Praia de Maratayama
 Praia do Castelo
 Praia do Encanto
 Praia do Icaraí
 Praia do Viareggio
 Praia dos Papagaios
 Praia Juruvaúva
 Praia Mar Azul
 Praia Meu Recanto
 Praia Ponta Grossa
 Praia Pontal da Trincheira
 Praia Samambaias
 Praia Ubatuba

Cananeia
Cananeia é um município do estado de São Paulo, no Brasil. Localiza-se a uma latitude de 25º00'53" sul e a uma longitude 47º55'36" oeste, estando a uma altitude de oito metros. Sua população estimada em 2004 era de 13 615 habitantes. É o município mais meridional do estado.

 Praia Cambriú
 Praia da Laje
 Praia Fole Grande
 Praia Fole Pequeno
 Praia Ipanema
 Praia Itacuruçá
 Praia Kayan
 Praia Marujá
 Praia Morretinho
 Praia Pereirinha
 Prainha

Cultura
A cultura do Vale do Ribeira diversificada e rica em uma área de 2 830 666 hectares abriga uma população de 481 224 habitantes entre indígenas, caiçaras, quilombolas, portugueses, japoneses, russos, alemães e chineses. Tornando a cultura local rica, as principais atividades são: música, artesanato e culinária. Tornando o povo do Vale do Ribeira alegre e hospitaleiro.

Uma cultura simples e talentosa que atrai inúmeros visitantes de diversas cidades na região, onde muitas cidades promovem festivais, festas locais. A cultura local é atração turística para estrangeiros e brasileiros de outras regiões, com um intercâmbio cultural que cresce a cada ano.

Ver também
Associação Cultural Ecológica Sócio-Econômica do Vale do Ribeira

Ligações externas

Vale do Ribeira

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Cataluña Nueva (en catalán Catalunya Nova) es el nombre que se da, a partir del siglo XII, a los territorios conquistados por Ramón Berenguer IV, hasta entonces pertenecientes a los reinos taifa de Tortosa y Lérida.

Su frontera con la Cataluña Vieja es aproximadamente una línea formada por el río Llobregat y uno de sus afluentes, el Cardener, para seguir por la cuenca superior del Segre hasta las montañas del Montsec. Estos territorios tienen diferencias muy marcadas con las del norte de la raya. Mientras que en la Cataluña vieja imperaba el feudalismo, en la nueva se desarrolla una organización social diferente, en la cual los derechos de la nobleza sobre el pueblo llano eran bastante menores, fruto de los incentivos ofrecidos por la corona para la repoblación de la tierra, con la instauración de un sistema de concejos y la concesión de fueros especiales a los repobladores.

Referencias

Véase también
 Condados catalanes
 Cataluña Vieja
 Principado de Cataluña

Condados catalanes
Historia de Cataluña


text:
This is an open source twitter feed screen.

I had a real difficult time finding a decent one with an approval process that would actually donate and not expect $$$ so I created my own to be used at charity events.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Flanigans Enterprises (BDL)
32.24 -0.01 (-0.03%) 01-16 05:48
High: 33.5	 Low: 31.96
Volume: 6,970	 Market Cap: 60M
Flanigan's Enterprises, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, operates a chain of full-service restaurants and package liquor stores in South Florida. It operates through Package Stores and Restaurants segments. The company operates package liquor stores under the Big Daddy's Liquors name, which offer private label liquors, beer, and wines; and restaurants under the Flanigan's Seafood Bar and Grill service mark that provide alcoholic beverages and full food service. As of September 29, 2019, it operated 26 units consisting of restaurants, package liquor stores, and combination restaurants/package liquor stores; and franchised 5 units comprising 2 restaurants and 3 combination restaurants/package liquor stores. The company was founded in 1959 and is headquartered in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Low: 31.58 - 31.754	 31.754 - 31.897
Stoxline posted a NEUTRAL today, downgraded from higher rating. Current trend continues, but could change at anytime. It is not a good time to buy or sell.
MACD: MACD(12,26): 0.12 Signal(9): -0.09
Average Vol(K): 3-Month: 480 10-Days: 308
Price and moving averages has closed above its Short term moving average. Short term moving average is currently below mid-term; AND above long term moving averages. From the relationship between price and moving averages; we can see that: This stock is NEUTRAL in short-term; and NEUTRAL in mid-long term.
BDL has closed below upper band by 15.1%. Bollinger Bands are 15.6% narrower than normal. The current width of the bands does not suggest anything about the future direction or movement of prices.
Yum Stock Shows Rising Strength; Shares Recently Hit An All-Time High - Investor's Business Daily
Flanigan's Reports Earnings - PRNewswire
Flanigan's Enterprises, Inc. (NYSEMKT:BDL) Is Going Strong But Fundamentals Appear To Be Mixed : Is There A Clear Direction For The Stock? - Yahoo Finance
Fri, 07 Aug 2020
Flanigan's finds golden ticket in curbside service during Covid-19 pandemic - South Florida Business Journal - South Florida Business Journal
Flanigan's plans to use $13.1 million in PPP funds to hire back laid-off staff - Miami Herald
Flanigan's Enterprises, Inc., owners and operators of the "Flanigan's Seafood Bar and Grill" restaurants and "Big Daddy's" retail package liquor stores, today announced that it was cancelling its April 2020 cash dividend a - PRNewswire
Industry: Restaurants
Shares Out. (M) 2
Shares Float (M) 1
Shares Short (K) 22
Gross Profit (p.s.) 12.215
Qtrly Earnings Growth 278.20
Operating Cash Flow (M) 12

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Park rangers found deep rope marks and pieces of fishing net on the body of a juvenile humpback whale that washed onto the shores of Costa Rica's Corcovado National Park, on the Osa Peninsula in the southern region, on Monday. A park guide spotted the dead whale from a boat in the remote Punta la Chancha section of the park.
Though the body of the whale was found within the boundaries of the park, the protected area only extends for the first 500 meters of ocean outside of Corcovado. According to Arce, the fishing boat was likely outside of the park limits, where trammel nets are legal, when it ensnared the whale.
Punta la Chancha is difficult to reach and park rangers will not be able to move or bury the whale's body. That portion of the park is currently closed to tourists and will remain so for the month it will take for the whale to decompose.
Trammel and gill nets pose the biggest bycatch threat to whales and other large marine mammals according to the World Wildlife Foundation. Trammel nets are legal in most of Costa Rica's coastal territory.


text:
Pall Corporation and Single Use Support Partner to Safeguard Storage and Transport Critical Biopharmaceuticals
PORT WASHINGTON, N.Y, Dec. 16, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Pall Corporation, a global leader in filtration, separation and purification, announced a strategic partnership with Single Use Support GmbH, a leading provider of an innovative, end-to-end solution for safe handling of biologics from bulk manufacturing to fill finish. Pall will provide a significant investment and partner with Single Use Support to distribute the RoSS platform which enhances Pall's integrated solutions and will make the RoSS platform more accessible to Biopharma customers around the globe.
"Safe and reliable management of drug substances is a challenge for many Pall customers. Through our partnership with Single Use Support, Pall will be able to offer the Biopharma industry a fully validated end-to-end solution, which will enable our customers to bring life-saving drugs to the patient in a more efficient way," explained Ed Hoare, Vice President and General Manager, Pall Corporation.
Single Use Support's RoSS platform consists of an innovative workflow solution, combining robust RoSS shells to protect single use biocontainers, such as Pall's Allegro™ biocontainer bags, throughout the process with systems allowing automated filling, controlled freezing/thawing and safe transportation.
"Through high value liquid management systems, we help our customers safeguard a step that, while inefficient, is mission-critical in bioprocessing," said Johannes Kirchmair, co-founder and Managing Director of Single Use Support.
Thomas Wurm, co-founder and Managing Director of Single Use Support further explained, "Pall is a global science and technology innovator and shares our mission to help customers solve complex challenges to improve quality of life around the world. Pall holds an unparalleled leadership position in bioprocessing technologies. Through our partnership, our innovative solution will become more accessible to customers worldwide."
About Pall Corporation
Pall Corporation is a filtration, separation and purification leader providing solutions to meet the critical fluid management needs of customers across the broad spectrum of life sciences and industry. Pall works with customers to advance health, safety and environmentally responsible technologies. The Company's engineered products enable process and product innovation and minimize emissions and waste. Pall Corporation serves customers worldwide. For more information visit www.pall.com.
Or follow us on social media:
YouTube LinkedIn Twitter Facebook
Corporate Media Contact:
Amanda Comeau
View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pall-corporation-and-single-use-support-partner-to-safeguard-storage-and-transport-critical-biopharmaceuticals-301193760.html
SOURCE Pall Corporation
Company Codes: NYSE:PLL


I've gotten box braids with extensions done three times now. The first time I got the style installed was in North Carolina. The stylist made the braids skinnier than I anticipated and used *gasp* 20 packets of hair!
I loved the results of this first experience. The hair was not too itchy and the quality of it was nice. The braiding process hurt because of the weight of the style. Plus, it made falling asleep comfortably an impossibility. I took a bunch of Advil to push through during the styling and afterward.
I disliked how frizzy the front of my hair became when I first got box braids. I think the thick parting made my hair frizziness more noticeable. I took the braids out a few days short of a month later on.
I highly recommend the salon, the owner was incredibly professional. Two stylists — the owner and her assistant worked on my hair at once and finished in 4 hours. The salon provided the hair. At my request, they washed it pre-styling for me because my scalp is sensitive to the chemicals put on synthetic hair.
The style only amounted to around 120-150 euros. I was super happy with how much lighter the hair was but I preferred the softer quality of the hair I used in my first box braiding experience.


Do you need to fix a leaky roof, help pay for a wedding or just get away on vacation? Or maybe you want access to cash in case of emergencies?
If you don't have sufficient savings, a personal line of credit may be the answer. It's a flexible loan from your financial institution, where you can draw from a set amount of money at any time.
It's similar to a credit card: you have a credit limit and can take out money when you need it. You only pay interest on what you owe.
To withdraw funds, you may be able to write cheques, use an ATM or transfer money across accounts. Be sure to keep a close eye on what you take out, because the debt can quickly grow.
Interest is charged as soon as you borrow from it and you'll have to pay a minimum monthly amount. You have the flexibility to pay principal off gradually or all at once.
Personal lines of credit are unsecured loans (meaning they are not guaranteed against an asset, such as your home), so their interest rates can be as high as 12-14%.
While this is considerably higher than a home equity line of credit, it is also much lower than most credit cards.
Because they are based on the prime rate, your monthly interest payments can go up and down, along with prime.
The amount you can borrow will depend on your credit score, income and other outstanding debts. If you have a low credit score, or low income, you may not qualify.
Why would I need a personal line of credit?
It's a good option for when you think you might need extra money at several points in the future but don't want to have to go through the process of qualifying for a loan every time.
Many people take out a personal line of credit for renovations on their home or to help pay for a wedding.
If you don't have an emergency fund, a personal line of credit can be used to pay for unexpected costs like a new appliance or car repairs.
It can help you get through tricky months or to consolidate debt, especially if you owe a lot on high interest credit cards.
You could also use a line of credit to take a much-needed vacation or to make investments.
Retired Canadians can access a unique alternative to personal lines of credit – the CHIP Reverse Mortgage®. This is a loan based on the equity of your home (what it's worth minus what you owe on it).
The interest rates are typically considerably lower than most personal lines of credit. And unlike lines of credit, you do not have to make monthly principal or interest payments. This can greatly increase your monthly disposable income.
You only have to pay off the loan when you're no longer living in your home.
It can also be easier to qualify for a reverse mortgage than a personal line of credit. You just need to be a homeowner aged 55 or older with sufficient equity in your home (we lend up to 55% of your home's value, depending on certain conditions).
You can also choose how you want to receive the money – either in a lump sum or in payments over a period of time.
Click here to find out how much you could borrow.


text:
Admission for Escher in Het Paleis in The Hague
Home HOLANDA Tour en La Haya Admission for Escher in Het Paleis in The Hague
Experience the world of M.C. Escher at Escher in the Palace, housed in a former Royal Palace in The Hague. Escher in Het Paleis is a permanent exhibition dedicated to the world-famous artist M.C. Escher.With over 150 prints you can always see the best known works and a changing selection of graphic work and tesselations from the complete works of Maurits C. Escher (1898-1972) at Escher in Het Paleis.
Visit: Escher in Het Paleis (Escher in the Palace), Lange Voorhout 74, 2514 EH, The Hague The Netherlands
The art of Escher instills a sense of bewilderment and wonder, and fascinates young and old alike with his magical world. The exhibition includes famous 'impossible' prints such as "Day and Night", where the Dutch landscape appears to morph into a flock of birds, and "Climbing and Descending" which depicts rows of people perpetually ascending and descending a flight of stairs. His fantastical structures, which couldn't possibly exist in the real world, are optical illusions that play with perspective.
As well as showcasing his famous prints, The Palace also houses a collection of Escher's early works, such as the beautiful Italian landscapes, studies of Moorish mosaics and bizarre still lives. The photographs of Escher's family capture the private life of Escher, and the wood blocks and lithographic stones familiarize visitors in an accessible manner with his working methods.
Experience the world of Escher:
The second floor has been changed into a special experience for the presentation: In the Eye of Escher. An optical illusion depicts something which is in fact impossible. M.C. Escher was a master in this field. An optical illusion literally means doing puzzles with your eyes. The visitor will be able to unravel some of Escher's mysteries like the Impossible Penrose Triangle by constructing one himself. The extra presentation "In the Eye of Escher" shows various themes in which Escher was involved, like reflection, perception and perspective.
"A maximum of 14 people per booking"
"Wheelchair accessible - if assistance is required, passenger must provide their own carer (electric Wheelchairs can not be used in the building)"
Hora de Inicio11:00 AM
Lugar de comienzo: Escher in Het Paleis
Duración: 1 to 2 hours
Entry/Admission - Escher in Het Paleis (Escher in the Palace)
Transportation to/from attractions
Heidi Y
Publicado el Domingo, 18 de junio del 2017
This is a great museum to visit for the content and for the building tour. Also, this Art has fun aspects to the style. Part of the museum displays more, interactive fun. Visit all floors and rooms.


text:
Instead of Digging For Gold, Sell Shovels
Views on social media platforms are the "gold" of today. Software tools are the "shovel" businesses of today.
Ian Greer Feb 1, 2023
Think on These Things by Jiddu Krishnamurti Summary
The person who merely reads up on a subject, passes an examination, and then drops it, is not a student. The real student is studying, learning, inquiring, exploring, not just until he is twenty or twenty-five, but throughout life.
The House of Morgan by Ron Chernow Summary
The history of JP Morgan bank.
Ian Greer Jan 30, 2023
Elwood Research 50
The Blueprint 58
"Behavior is hard to fix. When people say they've learned their lesson they underestimate how much of their previous mistake was caused by emotions that will return when faced with the same circumstances." – Morgan Housel
Human Behavioral Biology Lectures by Robert Sapolsky Summary (Part 1)
People who are treated more positively during childhood development are more extroverted in adulthood.
The Operator: David Geffen and the New Hollywood by Thomas R. King Summary
David Geffen is a media executive who started his career in the music industry before transitioning to film. He is the co-founder of DreamWorks. Throughout his career, Geffen ruthlessly pursued fame, power, and money.


text:
News in January 2016
Perinatal mental health pathway for NW London
Thursday, 28 January, 2016 - 12:24
Perinatal mental health services are a key priority area across London. Across the eight CCGs within NW London, it is also an agreed priority area.
Continue reading "Perinatal mental health pathway for NW London" »
£3.8m boost to young people's mental health services in North West London
Wednesday, 13 January, 2016 - 17:14
A bold new plan to improve children and young people's mental health and wellbeing across North West London has secured £3.8million funding from the Department of Health and NHS England.
Continue reading "£3.8m boost to young people's mental health services in North West London" »


Browse listings of Member users here at Meet Cat Lovers that are tagged with Black. Meeting other singles who have similar interests is an ideal way to come up with ideas to do on a first date. Register for a Free Account to Meet Someone Tonight!
I am a good caring woman who is looking for the same in a man.
Fun loving and easy going professional. Originally from Philly (Go Eagles). Been in the DMV for almost 16 years. Looking for a good natured, hard working and funny guy to spend quality time with. I love to laugh and enjoy interesting places to visit.


Horn: built in with headlight.
Battery Indicator: Lcd screen on handle bar and battery indicator on battery pack.
Battery: Lithium ion high capacity cells 11 or 13 amp.
USB charging port on battery.
Specs depends on selections made.
Frame Type/Size: 100% Aluminum frame 6061.
Forks: Seat post shocks, Front shock optional.


text:
Doyles Room was an online poker room created in 2004. The site was named after Doyle Brunson, a poker professional. In October 2011, Americas Cardroom acquired Doyles Room. Brunson had recently cut ties with Doyles Room following the domain seizures of PokerStars, Absolute Poker, Full Tilt Poker, and Ultimate Bet on April 15, 2011, by the Department of Justice, in United States v. Scheinberg.

History
Doyles Room was established in 2004. Originally on the Tribeca Poker Network (now part of the Playtech iPoker network), Doyles Room moved to the Microgaming (Prima) Poker Network in 2007, then to the Cake Poker Network in January 2009, and then to the Yatahay Network in January 2011.

Named for Doyle Brunson, the 10-time World Series of Poker bracelet winner, the Doyle Brunson Poker Network was licensed and incorporated in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles with the website also stating "Letter of Intent from Malta Lotteries and Gaming Authority Received".

Doyles Room offered a number of poker card game options, including Texas hold 'em, Badugi, Seven-card stud, and Omaha hold 'em. Additionally, the poker room hosted regular tournaments featuring poker personalities such as Doyle Brunson, Mike Caro, Todd Brunson, Hoyt Corkins, Alec Torelli and Cyndy Violette.

On May 26, 2011, Doyles Room was seized in accordance with an investigation into the violation of online gambling laws. After the events of April 15, Doyle Brunson cut ties with Doyles Room.

In October 2011, Doyles Room was acquired by Americas Cardroom.

Notes

Defunct poker companies
Internet properties established in 2004
Internet properties disestablished in 2011
Gambling companies established in 2004
Gambling companies disestablished in 2011


text:
Q: How to start MYSQL trigger after complete bulk insert? I have bulk insert job which insert more than 1000 records and based on inserted values, i would insert into another table using after insert trigger.
But triggering each row inserted in the table.So im getting duplicated values.  Please advise how to prevent the trigger on each row or any other alternative to handle the use case.
 CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` TRIGGER `cost_AFTER_INSERT` AFTER INSERT ON `cost` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
INSERT INTO `finance`.`finance_master`
(`Source`,
`January`,
`February`,
`March`,
`April`,
`May`,
`June`,
`July`,
`August`,
`September`,
`October`,
`November`,
`December`)
select ref.name,ref.owner,ref.department_id,c.source
c.Jan,
c.Feb,
c.Mar,
c.Apr,
c.May,
c.Jun,
c.Jul,
c.Aug,
c.Sep,
c.Oct,
c.Nov,
c.Dec
from cost as c ,reference as ref where c.name = ref.name;

END

A: The reason you are getting duplicates is that the trigger running the same exact statement after every insert without any reference to the record you just inserted. Based on your post it looks like you want to copy each new record to a different table. As such, you should use the keyword 'new' to reference the record that you are trying to insert. Something like :
 CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` TRIGGER `cost_AFTER_INSERT` AFTER INSERT ON `cost` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
INSERT INTO `finance`.`finance_master`
(`Source`,
`January`,
`February`,
`March`,
`April`,
`May`,
`June`,
`July`,
`August`,
`September`,
`October`,
`November`,
`December`)
select new.source
new.Jan,
new.Feb,
new.Mar,
new.Apr,
new.May,
new.Jun,
new.Jul,
new.Aug,
new.Sep,
new.Oct,
new.Nov,
new.Dec
from reference as ref where new.name = ref.name;

END

Also, I noticed that the table 'reference' is not part of the select clause of the trigger, so does it really need to be there? if your goal is to copy every record, you may miss some if they are not in the reference  table. In the end it just depends on what you are trying to do.
Having said all this, are you sure you want to use triggers for this in the first place? Since you are using bulk inserts, I assume performance is important and having triggers that run after each insert will not help your performance at all. Would it it be better to disable/remove the trigger and just have one copy statement once all the data has been inserted? It would definitely be better performance wise.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Artist, and Why It Deserved to Win Best Picture
in Buried Treasures, Drama
by Ashley Harris November 6, 2018, 1:00 pm
"Buried Treasures" is a bi-weekly film series highlighting beloved films that have been either underseen or underappreciated. Every other week, one 25YL columnist will choose a film they think is deserving of additional praise and shine a spotlight on that film. The film chosen may be one that few have heard of, or maybe it will be one that was panned by critics. Either way, their spirited defense of the film will hopefully encourage more people to give it a chance and maybe even find a new favorite film. In a seemingly endless sea of negativity on the internet, "Buried Treasures" provides a space where positivity reigns.
Many have claimed that Michel Hazanavicius' 2011 film The Artist was nothing more than a gimmick, an attempt at a modern-day, black-and-white, silent film whose only ambition was to bring home Oscar statuettes. The film did win Oscars—five in fact—that were much deserved, none more so than Best Picture. The ability of Michel Hazanavicius to bring 1920s cinema to life for 2011 audiences, to expose filmgoers to silent cinema intricacies like iris-in/iris-out shots, to include a beautiful opening title sequence with title cards reminiscent of the earliest days of movies as an art, and camera movements used during the dawn of the medium was much more than a gimmick—it was a masterful love letter to film. Hazanavicius replicated the final days of silent cinema without adding his own personal flair, honoring and paying homage to a golden age without adding the 21st-century artifice. The Artist is packed with classic film references including Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, Jacques Tati, and films like Citizen Kane and The Lost Weekend, to name only a few.
The film doesn't include these references to check the boxes, either, as some more recent films seem to do; but rather, Hazanavicius clearly respects and idolizes the cinema that came before his own. The costumes, the hair, the attention to detail that makes up The Artist are exquisite and truly embody an era of cinema that paved the way for the films we enjoy today. The Oscars are my favorite day of the year (despite being endlessly disappointed by their outcomes), so I do understand the disappointment that many evidently felt when The Artist beat out their favorite film, but 2011 was one of those rare instances where the best film won the top prize.
Opening in 1927, The Artist shows the successful swashbuckling acting career of George Valentin (Jean Dujardin), who is on top of the world, filling cinemas and navigating through crowds of people that seek to catch a glimpse of the handsome star in person. An eager wannabe actress, Peppy Miller (Bérénice Bejo), bumps into him from behind the rope keeping the fans at bay while she goes to pick up her autograph book. Never one to miss an opportunity to ham it up for the camera, Valentin shares a moment with her, kissing her on the cheek as the camera bulbs flash. Peppy capitalizes on her brief encounter with stardom, throwing herself into auditions and is able to make some headway as an actor finally. Two years later, Peppy is making a name for herself, while George laughs off talkies in favor of remaining true to his silent films.
As the world continues to adapt and George digs his feet even further into the ground of silents, his film producers vow to no longer back him in favor of repackaged faces that can carry the studios into the age of talking pictures. Feeling abandoned yet determined, George decides to fund his film, confident that the audience who has spent years loving him and his films will continue to support his career. Never on the same side as time, the Great Depression overcomes just as George's film is set to hit theatres against Peppy Miller's, the newest Hollywood "It girl's" latest film. Isolated and broken, George is left to navigate a world in which he feels that he no longer belongs, with an understanding of how fickle mass affection can be, realizing he's prioritized aspects of life that didn't make him truly happy.
The Artist is about many aspects of life, the human condition, and what one does for a living and how they spend their time. My favorite aspect of the film is how wholly it explores the feeling that the world is a place in which you cannot fit into. The vulnerability that comes with the perception that you are an out of place entity among seas of people who seem to have no problem steering their ship brings with it an overwhelming loss of the self. George no longer feels as though he has anything to offer once the world that he has devoted his life to no longer accepts him. This loss of purpose, along with the devastation of realizing how fickle public adoration can be, leads to him pushing away those closest to him. George no longer felt as though he was worth the time of his longtime friend and chauffeur, Clifton (James Cromwell), so he fired him and cut off contact.
Despite her many attempts to break through his hard exterior, George felt emasculated around Peppy and didn't feel himself worthy of her time or her love. The people that matter most to George treasure the person he is, not the way he can be exploited for public entertainment. As the film progresses, Michel Hazanavicius radiantly illustrates the descent of a human being's self-worth as he buckles under the expectations of society. George had to readjust the trajectory of his life and leave behind his former expectations to make room for his new reality. It is the expectations of ourselves and others that often lead to our biggest disappointments in life and the sooner we can rid ourselves of those assumptions, as George did, we can find true happiness and discover pure and meaningful human relationships.
I wish I lived in a world where I could offer an endless list of American films that I've seen Jean Dujardin in since The Artist, though sadly, I cannot. That's fine because Dujardin has primarily stayed in France working in cinema, and no matter how much I wish to have seen him rise across the globe, I can respect him staying in his native country and ignore my selfish desires to want to see him in everything. Dujardin's emotional acting throughout The Artist is unparalleled, and I cannot think of a single person that could have performed in the film better than he did. The moment in which his character falls in love with Bérénice Bejo's Peppy is pure magic. We see him transform within the scene being filmed—he is in one minute a focused actor working on a film set, and once he locks eyes with Peppy, we see him metamorphose from a film star to a human feeling person making a deep connection with another.
We don't see emotional acting like Dujardin's anymore, and his exceptional charisma and dazzling physical acting was a glorious performance to see. The outstanding scene just after George is exposed to the talkie film and he, as well as the audience, is exposed to the sounds of his cup hitting the desk and his chair falling over and the barking of his dog but not his voice, excellently represented the debilitating fear that George's career wouldn't translate from silent cinema. In addition to gaining an insight into George's mind, Hazanavicius also uniquely uses sound, capturing the desperation of the scene while using cinema to its fullest potential.
Jean Dujardin isn't the only standout in The Artist, as his co-star Bérénice Bejo and their chemistry is why the fire emoji exists. Their facial expressions and bodily acting are sublime and remain one of my favorite on-screen pairs of the decade to watch. The Artist and its eminent homage to silent cinema remind me just how badly I want to watch a silent film in a cinema with a live orchestral accompaniment. I'll probably never have that chance, but I did have the opportunity to be wholly immersed in the cinema of the 1920s when I was fortunate enough to see The Artist in the cinema, which remains one of my favorite theatre experiences of my life. The sound design, the makeup and costumes, the brilliant story and exploration of the human condition, to me at least, more than earns a place for The Artist among the Best Picture winner heavyweights, and one I will continue to watch "with pleasure."
Help us keep the conversation alive! We publish new content daily that can easily be found by following us on Twitter, Instagram, by joining our Facebook Page, or becoming an email subscriber here on the site. Thank you as always for your support of 25YL!
If you would like to write for 25YL leave us a message on our website here or send an email to: andrew@25YearsLaterSite.com
Written by Ashley Harris
Ashley Harris works for a senator by day, and writes for 25YL Site by night. When she is not writing about the human experience or her most recent world cinema favorite, Ashley enjoys fawning over François Truffaut, reading Immanuel Kant, or drinking coffee black as midnight on a moonless night.
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More From: Buried Treasures
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text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Linq;
using DataBoss.Linq;

namespace DataBoss.Data
{
	public class MultiDataReader : DataReaderDecoratorBase
	{
		readonly IReadOnlyList<DbDataReader> readers;
		readonly int[] nextNext;
		int next;

		public MultiDataReader(IReadOnlyList<DbDataReader> readers) : base(readers[0]) {
			this.readers = readers;
			this.nextNext = new int[readers.Count];
			for(var i = 0; i != readers.Count; ++i)
				this.nextNext[i] = (i + 1) % readers.Count;
			this.next = readers.Count - 1;
		}

		public override bool IsClosed => readers.All(x => x.IsClosed);

		public override void Close() => readers.ForEach(x => x.Close());
		protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
		{
			if(!disposing)
				return;

			readers.ForEach(x => x.Dispose());
		}

		public override bool NextResult() => false;

		public override bool Read() {
			for(;;) {
				var current = nextNext[next];
				if (readers[current].Read()) {
					Inner = readers[current];
					next = current;
					return true;
				} else {
					if(current == nextNext[current])
						return false;
					nextNext[next] = nextNext[current];
				}
			}
		}
	}
}


POULTON-LE-FYLDE, England - March 17, 2019 - s4story -- Steve McNicholas ranked on the Amazon best-seller list with the new book, The Recipe for Success, Coauthored with Jack Canfield.
Poulton le Fylde, England – March 17, 2019: Business Professional and Speaker, Steve McNicholas joined Jack Canfield, along with a select group of experts and professionals around the world to co-write the book, The Recipe for Success, The World's Leading Entrepreneurs and Professionals Reveal Their Secret ingredients For Health, Wealth, and Success. The book was published by CelebrityPress®, a leading business book publisher that publishes books from ThoughtLeaders® around the world and was released on February 28th, 2019.
On the day of release, The Recipe for Success reached best-seller status on Amazon - reaching as high as #9 Direct Marketing and #83 Sales & Selling. The expert information shared in McNicholas's chapter, How to Discipline and Habit Can Fuel Your Success! has helped the book reach optimal best-seller placement and will help readers gain similar success in their endeavors.
No Recipe for Success would be complete without a list of ingredients, the preparation instructions, and time and temperature for cooking. Some of the main ingredients would include knowledge, passion, planning and perseverance. Other additives could include money and mentoring for consistency, body and texture. If you are tempted to add in a tablespoon of luck, you may want to replace the luck with a cupful of action, because in reality, your recipe can never be completed without action, and no one can rely on luck to succeed.
The Celebrity Experts® in this book are mentors who can help you assemble your recipe. These authors have not only produced their own Recipe for Success but have gained a wealth of experience from doing so. They can help you avoid many difficulties they have encountered on their own journey. With their mentoring, you can ensure that your time and resources are maximized, and you can complete your own Recipe for Success all the faster.
After such a successful release, Steve McNicholas will be recognized by The National Academy of Best-Selling Authors (http://www.bestsellersacademy.org/)®, an organization that honors authors from many of the leading independent best-seller lists.
Click HERE (https://www.amazon.com/Recipe-Success-Jack-Canfield/dp/0998036900/ref=sr_1_fkmrnull_1?crid=1GYCVIJ2KX3BU&keywords=the+recipe+for+success+jack+canfield&qid=1551901361&s=gateway&sprefix=the+recipe+for+su%2Caps%2C151&sr=8-1-fkmrnull) to order a copy of The Recipe for Success.
A portion of the royalties earned from The Recipe for Success will be given to Entrepreneur's International Foundation, a not for profit organization dedicated to creating awareness for charitable causes.
Steve McNicholas has spent some twenty years developing his research, knowledge and passion for personal development, achievement and helping people and teams succeed. His personal mission statement is simply 'to inform, inspire and help maximize the potential in all people – unlocking the code to help develop winners in life and business'.
After a highly successful career in corporate life, he has recently gone on to launch his own business in speaking, training and coaching clients to 'unlock the code' in a personal development sense and also in the corporate environment helping teams and businesses achieve greater commercial success. Steve does this through his own seven-step approach, having identified those critical stages or 'source codes' underpinning success and achievement.
He is enjoying great success and is now after much demand, turning his seven-step methodology into his latest book, Unlock the Code: 7 Steps To Your Success. The book is due for release in Summer 2019. With a successful corporate career across a number of industries (telecom, banking, business services), and in holding several executive positions over the past twenty-five years, Steve has developed a reputation with his clients as more of a 'practitioner' than a guru! He has the bumps, scars and bruises of leading many teams and individuals to amazing levels of success and achievement over the years. It is through this experience, and his own considerable time in researching and developing his thinking and theories here, that he has been able to hone his methodology to the proprietary seven-step process referred to. Steve is therefore able to appreciate and understand the many challenges that following such a path demands, and that the 'doing' is equally as important as the 'learning'.
Steve is an accomplished keynote speaker and presenter and is comfortable in presenting his material and thinking in small groups as well as in audiences of several hundred. He is a personal coach to several clients and also delivers his material via group workshops designed to help all attendees 'unlock the code' to their success.


SACRAMENTO - State Senator Joe Simitian (D-Palo Alto) announced today that he will host his semi-annual "Education Update" meeting on January 28 for local school board members, superintendents, teachers, parents, and other education advocates.
As a member of the Senate Education Committee and the Senate Budget Subcommittee on Education, and as Chair of the new Senate Select Committee on California's Master Plan for Education, Simitian will provide an in-depth update on K-12 education funding and policy proposals pending in Sacramento. He will then open the floor to questions, concerns, and comments.
The event is free and open to the public. To RSVP or request more information, please call Senator Simitian's district office at (650) 688-6384.


Andy Warhol Signed Autograph Album Page BAS BECKETT LOA. The item "Andy Warhol Signed Autograph Album Page BAS BECKETT LOA" is in sale since Saturday, March 30, 2019. This item is in the category "Collectibles\Autographs\Celebrities". The seller is "camerapro12" and is located in El Paso, Texas. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, South africa, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Brunei darussalam, Ecuador, Egypt, Luxembourg, Peru, Viet nam, Uruguay.


Ich meinte auf dieses Board. Hast Du ja gefixt, danke.
Topic: phpMyFAQ iOS App - no Login required?
Re: phpMyFAQ iOS App - no Login required?
Sorry for multi posting, but I couldn't see the posts in this board before.
Now I can access this board. You may delete my other posts.
phpMyFAQ iOS App - no Login required?
Ist das gewollt, dass kein normaler Zugriff auf die iOS App section besteht?


Pontarddulais (Welsh pronunciation: [pɔntarˈðɨːlais]) is a community and town in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, situated 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Swansea city centre and falls within the Pontarddulais ward.
An English translation of the name Pontarddulais is "Bridge over the Dulais", with Dulais meaning "black stream", probably due to its course through coal measures. The earlier name of Pontaberdulais referred to a dismantled 14th-century road bridge which carried the main highway between Swansea and Carmarthen over the River Loughor (Afon Llwchwr). The bridge was so named because of its position upstream of the mouth (aber) of the Dulais stream. This bridge was also known as Y Bont Fawr ("the big bridge"). The village that developed around this bridge took the shortened name of Pontardulais, also written more correctly as Pontarddulais because of the assumption that the bridge was "over Dulais". The bridge also gave the town its nickname "Y Bont".
Most of the town lies within the parish of Llandeilo Tal-y-bont apart from the small section west of the bridge which lies in Llanedi parish. The bridge referred to in the name of Llandeilo Tal-y-bont (meaning "Saint Teilo's church at the end of the bridge") is not the same as that of Pontaberdulais. The church bridge was located near the old church on the earlier Roman road that crossed the river Loughor near Hendy. The medieval church of St Teilo was carefully dismantled stone-by-stone and reassembled in St Fagans National History Museum in Cardiff. Pontarddulais first gained attention in the wider world in 1843, during the Rebecca Riots, when rioters attacked the toll gate there, after crossing the bridge.
The path to industrialisation began in the early 19th century. In 1839 the railway arrived in the town when the Llanelli Dock Company built a line to transport anthracite coal from the Amman Valley to Llanelli. In 1866, a new line was built connecting Pontarddulais with Swansea which made the town an important railway junction. Pontarddulais was transformed from a rural settlement into an industrial community during the years 1872 to 1910 when six tinplate works were established. The population expanded greatly during this period, as workers from nearby communities and as far afield as Italy moved in to find work in the tinplate industry.
A new single-span bridge was built beside Y Bont Fawr in 1938, and the old bridge was demolished at the end of the World War II. The 1950 saw another major transformation in Pontarddulais. New, modern tinplate works in nearby Trostre and Felindre rendered the old works obsolete. The local works were taken over by other enterprises and redeveloped as light industry. However, they did not replace all the jobs lost due to the closure of the local tin plate works. Some of the local people had to find work elsewhere. Light industry gradually began deserting Pontarddulais in the late 20th century, transforming the community into a dormitory village.
The town's schools are Pontarddulais primary school, Pontarddulais Comprehensive School (both English medium) and Bryniago School, a Welsh medium primary school.
Pontarddulais railway station is on the Heart of Wales Line, with trains to Swansea to the south and Shrewsbury to the north. The A48 traverses the town as St Teilo Street and Bolgoed Road. Junction 48 of the M4 Motorway serves Pontarddulais.
Pontarddulais hosts many cultural events throughout the year, including Pontarddulais and Hendy carnival, which makes its way from Hendy Industrial Estate to Coed Bach Park in Pontarddulais on the last Saturday of June. Also held in the town is Pontarddulais Show, an agricultural show held on August Bank Holiday, and the Classic Car and Motor Show, held in September, both of which take place at Pontarddulais Agricultural Show Ground.
Pontarddulais is home to Côr Meibion Pontarddulais or Pontarddulais Male Choir, the most successful competitive choir in Wales, having won the main choir prize at the Welsh National Eisteddfod a record 15 times and the International Eisteddfod prize on two occasions. The choir also performed choral parts in the Pink Floyd film The Wall. and recorded with Roger Waters on his hit single "The Tide is Turning".
Pontarddulais is also home to Pontardulais Town Band. The band has many national and local accolades, and is one of the oldest town brass bands in Wales. The band continues to support local events, such as the Hendy and Pontarddulais carnival, and Remembrance Day Parades. Pontardulais Town Band won the Championship Section at the South East Wales Brass Band Association contest on 21 November 2009, held in the Blaenavon Workingmen's Hall. It was the first time for over 50 years that the Pontardulais Town Band has won a Class A or championship contest in Wales. The last time the band was ranked Class A was in 1958 when they represented Wales at the National Finals playing Variations on a Shining River, arranged by Frank Wright. The band finished the year joint runners-up in the championship section for the 2009 competitive year. In March 2010 the band competed in the Welsh Regional Championships in the Brangwyn Hall in Swansea and they attained 1st place in the first section resulting in them qualifying for the National Brass Band Championships of Great Britain. The band's current musical director is Paul Jenkins.
Some well-known literary figures have associations with Pontarddulais, including Edward Thomas and Dylan Thomas, who had several aunts and uncles in the town. It has been suggested that Dylan based part of his filmscript, Rebecca's Daughters, on the riots in the Bont. His lifelong friend, Wynford Vaughan Thomas, was the grandson of Daniel Lewis, one of the Rebecca leaders.
David Cuthbert Thomas, (1895-18 March 1916) Welsh soldier of the First World War.
Tony Chappel, former Welsh professional snooker player.
^ "UK's 'most desirable' postcodes revealed". BBC News.
^ "2011 Census results by Community". 2011 Census results by Community. Welsh Language Commissioner.
^ "BBC News - South West Wales". Bbc.co.uk. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
^ "Cobh, County Cork, Republic of Ireland". Pontarddulais Town Council. 2010-10-13. Archived from the original on 2012-12-19. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
This page was last edited on 9 November 2018, at 23:08 (UTC).


The ozone layer that shields life from cancer-causing solar rays is slowly recovering، a UN study has revealed، as the Daily Mail said.
A hole was found in the ozone layer above Antarctica in the 1980s as a result of harmful chemicals being pumped into the atmosphere.
This has allowed large amounts of ultraviolet light to reach Earth unabated and has been linked to an increase in skin cancer diagnoses.
Severe bans on the manufacture of these products has seen the hole in the ozone recover at a rate of one to three per cent per decade، scientists have now found.
This process reverses the damage done by years of dangerous depletion and is expected to be fully repaired by the 2060s، the study revealed.
The study was a four-yearly review of the Montreal Protocol، a 1987 ban on man-made gases that damage the fragile high-altitude ozone layer.
It found long-term decreases in the amount of these gases in the atmosphere and that the stratospheric ozone was recovering.
'The Antarctic ozone hole is recovering، while continuing to occur every year، the report said.
Ozone is a molecule comprised of three oxygen atoms that occurs naturally in small amounts.
In the stratosphere، roughly seven to 25 miles above Earth's surface، the ozone layer acts like sunscreen، shielding the planet from potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation that can cause skin cancer and cataracts، suppress immune systems and also damage plants.
It is produced in tropical latitudes and distributed around the globe.
Closer to the ground، ozone can also be created by photochemical reactions between the sun and pollution from vehicle emissions and other sources، forming harmful smog.
Although warmer-than-average stratospheric weather conditions have reduced ozone depletion during the past two years، the current ozone hole area is still large compared to the 1980s، when the depletion of the ozone layer above Antarctica was first detected.


text:
Things That Go Bump 2014 Issue #2, and BOOK RELEASE!
Pictured above is the improved Tesla Radio featured in last week's entry. Note the pair of sadly unadorned black boxes on the right and left sides of the receiver chassis -- the box on the left houses a simple single-transistor pre-amp circuit, while the box on the right contains a basic LM386 amplifier chip with all the trimmings and a speaker large enough to easily be heard.
As you may recall, last week I hooked the receiver directly into my PC's sound card and recorded its output for later playback. That's all well and good, if one is willing to drag around a heavy tower PC, a monitor, a power supply, and of course a desk to put everything on. One will look awfully silly setting that up in a graveyard, so I built some amps.
The idea here is to put my portable microphone next to the LM386 speaker. That way I can conduct EVP sessions simply by speaking, and have the mic record both the Tesla radio's output and the sounds in the area.
That does mean walking around in cemeteries and haunted houses with some odd-looking machinery, but ghost hunting is itself a rather odd hobby.
With the solder-joints on the new amp still warm, I headed up to the big cemetery in Oxford yesterday. I've captured several EVP voices there before, and I was hoping the Tesla might catch a plaintive ghostly moan or two as well.
In case anyone is curious, below are the plans for my LM386 amp. The plans for the little pre-amp don't exist; it's just a single NPN transistor, a 9 volt battery, a couple of resistors and a capacitor or two. You can find that circuit all over the web. There's nothing special about any of this gear.
I use 1/8 inch mono cables and mono jacks to connect everything.
So, what mysterious and phantasmagorical sounds did I capture, armed with such fancy equipment?
Um. Well. That is to say, er, nothing. Okay, around ten minutes and 43 seconds in, there is what might be a very faint whisper. A whisper which says, after nearly 30 dB of amplification is added, I hate your horse.
But anything you have to amplify to that degree is almost certainly just noise, so I'm not even going to post the sample.
Look, we're just not in the mood today.
I will put up a link to the entire session, which runs a little over 15 minutes. I was planning to go longer, but both my Zoom mic and my camera batteries died at the very same moment, and I was starving, so Science was defeated by Supper and I headed for home.
Here's the entire session, including bird songs, hoarse radio preachers, and one exuberant drunk, who yelled HEY MELANIE from his window a number of times while the unfortunate Melanie walked briskly away.
St. Peter's Cemetery Full EVP Session Here
I'll head back again soon, this time with plenty of spare batteries and a bucket of BBQ ribs. In the interest of Science, of course. Science!
Tuesday Book Release!
As I may have mentioned here before some eleventy-seven zillion times, the new Markhat book The Five Faces goes on sale this Tuesday, June the 17th.
Just look at that gorgeous cover, courtesy of artist KaNaXa. Note the fierce determination on Markhat's chiseled face! See the courage in the set of his manly jaw!
He's sure, you see, that this book is the one that catapults the series to heights of fame never before experienced by yours truly. In fact, the image above depicts him striding resolutely toward the nearest bank, the better to deposit his sudden windfall and just possibly purchase a new pair of shoes.
THE TOP FIVE REASONS YOU SHOULD BUY THE FIVE FACES:
5. It's less than five bucks. Seriously. I paid twice that to see Pacific Rim, and it was just Independence Day shot with stompy robots. I promise you that at no time will you feel led to stand up and shout 'This is freaking STUPID' in a movie theater, partly because it's too dark to read in movie theaters but mainly because my editor won't allow stupid bits in our books.
4) I used every letter of the alphabet. I'm not one of those lazy authors who can't be bothered to reach all the way up to the top row of keys. No, due to my strict workout regime and meticulous pre-writing stretch sessions, I am equally adept at hitting QWERTYUIOP as I am the other rows. I've even received high praise for my stylistic choices involving T and W, which were once described as 'Coffee is on aisle 9' and 'Sir, you can't park in the drive-thru.' So there's that.
3) My hero, Markhat, is real, and can see you through the pages. Hard to believe, but it's true. Fans of the series describe brief meetings with Markhat himself, who sometimes appears as a sports team mascot or a bookstore advertising standee before dispensing nuggets of wisdom, encouragement, or household cleaning agents. "Markhat appeared in my kitchen, made himself a sandwich, and got me free HBO," reports one fan. "I turned around to thank him, and he was gone, leaving behind a tattered paperback copy of The Banshee's Walk and an outstanding balance at a rent-to-own place, which he still hasn't paid."
2) My muse, the short-tempered and plain-spoken Visavarevagsitaga, is ready to quit and install a marmot in her place. "Look," she said in her last email to me. "You're nice enough for a no-talent hack with delusions of grandeur and a skill-set better suited to a sled dog, but unless this book gets some numbers, kid, I'm putting you on the Small Mammal Circuit, nothing personal, I hear they like peanuts."
1) Due to a complex series of unlikely events and activities which might not be what most Grand Juries would label 'legal,' the Russian Mob warned me that unless The Five Faces breaks the Amazon Top 500 within a week of release a series of even more complex and unlikely events will befall me, many of which involve farm implements and antique firearms. There's a lesson is this -- mainly, don't steal 45 million in Bitcoins from people named Vladimir -- but that aside, good sales numbers mean an author (me, for instance) can keep writing books in a series, and readers (you, let's say) can keep reading that series. Too, the way Vlad described the use of the anvil and the plow still gives me nightmares. So buy a book? Please?
'Nuff said. Here's the link again:
The Five Faces on Amazon
The Five Faces on Barnes&Noble
DO NOT CLICK This Link
Don't even think about clicking the link below, or sending it to your friends, or Tweeting it, of Book-facing it or whatever it is you crazy kids do out there on the Interwebz these days. Seriously, don't. Just close the browser. CLOSE IT NOW.
The Link Which Dare Not Be Clicked
Five Reasons for The Five Faces
Mad Science: Tesla's Radio


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Home > Blog > Prince of Wales Fort Celebrating 300 Years
Prince of Wales Fort Celebrating 300 Years
History of the Prince of Wales Fort
It all started with a hat. As strange as it may be the construction of the Prince of Wales Fort at the mouth of the Churchill River was because of fashion. In the seventeenth century everyone wanted a beaver fur hat. Or more specifically, a hat made of felt from the undercoat of the beaver's pelt. So there on the shores of Hudson Bay in 1717 near a piece of land knows as Eskimo Point the Hudson's Bay Company began constructing the original wood version of the Prince of Wales Fort. It would serve as one of the many fur trading posts the Company would construct at the mouth of rivers all along the Hudson Bay.
By the late 1720s the tension between England and France over the control of the fur trade began to build and the Hudson's Bay Company instructed that the wood fort be fortified with stone. Tradesmen and labourers from England were sent to Churchill in 1731 and the first stone was laid for the foundation of the Fort on June 3, 1732.
Originally predicted to take only six years to build, the Prince of Wales Fort was never fully completed even after 40 years of steady construction. Built in the popular European 'star' shape with four protruding bastions, the outer walls were built 6.5 meters (21 feet) high and 11 meters (36 feet) thick. The Fort was built with 42 cannons and the battery across the river called Cape Merry was meant to hold six more.
This massive fort took so long to build due to the small construction crew and sheer amount of spent just trying to survive in cold northern Manitoba on the edge of the Hudson Bay. For example, chopping wood took up much of the crew's working hours, as it took four carts of wood a day in winter to warm the living quarters. In 1741, one post governor reported the Fort's living quarters as "... very cold, freezing everything in the cabin, though a fire kept in from five in the morning till nine at night; and when the fire is out, a red hot shot, twenty-four pounds weight (a cannon ball) hung up at the window to thaw it; on the outside there are shutters to every window, six inches thick; four large fires made in the stoves every day - a cartload of wood for each; yet all this will not keep things from freezing within doors."
Overall the conditions at the fort were bleak. The unbearable cold in the winter and smoky sleeping quarters, bugs in the summer, and hard labour year-round made progress slow. Yet the Hudson's Bay Company men renewed their contracts year after year, because it offered a chance of promotion, decent pay and fairly good meals compared to the uncertain lifestyle that waited for them back in Europe.
Men continued building the fort, almost without a break, until 1771 and it still was left unfinished. Tensions continued to rise between the English and French throughout the construction of the Fort. The French government launched a "Hudson Bay Expedition" in the 1780s to damage the Hudson Bay Company activities. Jean-Francois de La Perouse led the expedition with three warships that captured the Prince of Wales Fort in 1782.
The Hudson's Bay Company was at a disadvantage during the French attack as only 38 non-military men were operating the fort. The fort's Governor, Samuel Hearne, recognized this and surrendered without a single shot being fired. After Hearne and La Perouse came to a mutual agreement that allowed the Fort's men to return to Britain unharmed, the French partially destroyed the fort. Eventually the fort was returned to the Hudson's Bay Company, but due to a decline in fur trading it never regained its importance.
The fort sat in rubble until 1920s when it was named a National Historic Site of Canada. Parks Canada's restoration of the fort began once the Hudson Bay railway was completed in 1929 and construction equipment and a larger workforce became available. Restoration continued in the 1950s and archaeological investigations at and around the fort begin in 1958. Currently Parks Canada archaeologists work in and around the fort on large-scale wall stabilization work and fort interpretation for visitors.
Facts about the Prince of Wales Fort
Known as the oldest and most northerly stone fort in Canada
Established by the Hudson Bay Company as a fur-trading post before it's construction in 1717.
Has the oldest known mason symbol in Manitoba
The fort was officially named Prince of Wales Fort in 1718 to honour England's royal family
HBC was referred to as the "Hungry Bellies Company" due to the reputation they had for the large amount of food employees enjoyed on a daily basis
The only historic stone fort in Canada where you can enjoy a five-course meal under the northern lights at RAW:churchill (original post 2016, new remote culinary experience for 2019).
A traveller takes a photo of the oldest Mason symbol in Manitoba while visiting Prince of Wales Fort.
Northern lights above RAW:churchill restaurant inside Price of Wales Fort in 2016.
Visitors walking to the fort during the summer.
Want to visit the Prince of Wales Fort in Churchill? Join any of our following adventures:
Summer Family Adventure
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Photo © Dan Harper Photography