text:
Q: Is there any distributed revision control system that supports partial checkout/clone? As far as I know all distributed revision control systems require you to clone the whole repository. For this reason is it not wise to put huge amounts of content into one single repository (thanks for this answer). I know that this a not a bug but a feature, but I wonder whether this is a requirement for all distributed revision control systems.
In distributed rcs the history of a file (or a chunk of content) is a directed acyclic graph, so why can't you just clone this single DAG instead of the set of all graphs in the repository? Maybe I miss something but the following use-cases are hard to do:

*

*clone only a part of a repository

*merge two repositories (preserving their histories!)

*copy some files with their history from one repository to another

If I reuse parts of other people's code from multiple projects I cannot preserve their full history. At least in git I can think of a (rather complex) workaround:

*

*clone a full repository

*delete all content that I am not interested in

*rewrite the history to delete everything that is not in the master

*merge the remaining repository into an existing repository

I don't know if this is also possible with Mercurial or Bazaar but at least it is not easy at all. So is there any distributed rcs that supports partial checkout/clone by design? It should support one simple command to get a single file with its history from one repository and merge it into another. This way you would not need to think about how to structure your content into repositories and submodules but you could happily split and merge repositories as needed (the extreme would be one repository for each single file).

A: As of version 2.0, it is not possible to make a so-called "narrow clone" with Mercurial, that is, a clone where you only retrieve data for a specific sub-directory. We call it a "shallow clone" when you only retrieve part of the history, say, the last 100 revisions.
As you say, there is nothing in the common DAG-based history model that excludes this feature and we have been working on it. Peter Arrenbrecht, a Mercurial contributor, has implemented two different approaches for narrow clones, but neither approach has been merged yet.
Btw, you can of course split an existing Mercurial repository into pieces where each smaller repository only has the history for a specific sub-directory of the original repository. The convert extension is the tool for this. Each of the smaller repositories will be unrelated to the bigger repository, though — the tricky part is to make the splitting seamless so that the changesets keep their identities.

A: There's a subtree module for git, allowing you to split off a portion of a repository into a new repo and then merge changes to/from the original and the subtree. Here's its readme on github: http://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtree/blob/master/git-subtree.txt

A:
In distributed rcs the history of a file (or a chunk of content) is a directed acyclic graph, so why can't you just clone this single DAG instead of the set of all graphs in the a repository?

At least in Git, the DAG representing the repository history applies to the whole repository, not just a single file. Each commit object points to a "tree" object which represents the entire state of the repository at that time.
Git 1.7 supports "sparse checkouts", which allow you to restrict the size of your working copy. The entire repository data is still cloned, however.

A: In bazaar you can split and join parts of a repository.
The split-command allows you to split a repository into multiple repositories. The join-command allows you to merge repositories. Both keep the history.
However this isn't as handy a the SVN-model, where you can checkout/commit for a sub-tree.
There's a planned feature called Nested-Trees for bazaar, which maybe would allow partial checkouts.

A: I hope one of these RCS's will add narrow clone capability.  My understanding is that the architecture of GIT (changes/moves tracked across the whole repo) makes this very difficult.
Bazaar prides itself on supporting many different types of workflows.  Lack of narrow clone capability prohibits an SVN/CVS like workflow in bzr/hg/git, so I'm hoping they'll be motivated to find some way to do this.
New features shouldn't come at the expense of basic functionality, like the ability to fetch a single file/directory from the repo.  The "distributed" feature of modern rcs's is "cool," but in my opinion discourages good development practices (frequent merges / continuous integration).  These new RCS's all seem to lack very basic functionality.  Even SVN without real branching/tagging support seemed like a step backwards from CVS imo.

A: As of Git 2.17 (Q2 2018, 10 years later), it will be possible to do what Mercurial planned to implement: a "narrow clone", that is, a clone where you only retrieve data for a specific sub-directory.
This is also called "partial clone".
That differs from the current

*

*shallow clone

*copy of what you need from the cloned repo in another working folder.

See commit 3aa6694, commit aa57b87, commit 35a7ae9, commit 1e1e39b, commit acb0c57, commit bc2d0c3, commit 640d8b7, commit 10ac85c (08 Dec 2017) by Jeff Hostetler (jeffhostetler).
See commit a1c6d7c, commit c0c578b, commit 548719f, commit a174334, commit 0b6069f (08 Dec 2017) by Jonathan Tan (jhowtan).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 6bed209, 13 Feb 2018)
Here are the tests for a partial clone:
git clone --no-checkout --filter=blob:none "file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" pc1

There other other commits involved in that implementation of a narrow/partial clone.
In particular, commit 8b4c010:

sha1_file: support lazily fetching missing objects

Teach sha1_file to fetch objects from the remote configured in
extensions.partialclone whenever an object is requested but missing.

Warning regarding Git 2.17/2.18: The recent addition of "partial clone" experimental feature kicked in when it shouldn't, namely, when there is no partial-clone filter defined even if extensions.partialclone is set.
See commit cac1137 (11 Jun 2018) by Jonathan Tan (jhowtan).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 92e1bbc, 28 Jun 2018)

upload-pack: disable object filtering when disabled by config

When upload-pack gained partial clone support (v2.17.0-rc0~132^2~12,
2017-12-08), it was guarded by the uploadpack.allowFilter config item
to allow server operators to control when they start supporting it.
That config item didn't go far enough, though: it controls whether the
'filter' capability is advertised, but if a (custom) client ignores
the capability advertisement and passes a filter specification anyway,
the server would handle that despite allowFilter being false.
This is particularly significant if a security bug is discovered in
this new experimental partial clone code.
Installations without uploadpack.allowFilter ought not to be affected since they don't intend to support partial clone, but they would be swept up into being
vulnerable.

This is enhanced with Git 2.20 (Q2 2018), since "git fetch $repo $object" in a partial clone did not correctly fetch the asked-for object that is referenced by an object in promisor packfile, which has been fixed.
See commit 35f9e3e, commit 4937291 (21 Sep 2018) by Jonathan Tan (jhowtan).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit a1e9dff, 19 Oct 2018)

fetch: in partial clone, check presence of targets

When fetching an object that is known as a promisor object to the local
repository, the connectivity check in quickfetch() in builtin/fetch.c
succeeds, causing object transfer to be bypassed.
However, this should not happen if that object is merely promised and not actually present.
Because this happens, when a user invokes "git fetch origin <sha-1>" on
the command-line, the <sha-1> object may not actually be fetched even
though the command returns an exit code of 0. This is a similar issue
(but with a different cause) to the one fixed by a0c9016
("upload-pack: send refs' objects despite "filter"", 2018-07-09, Git v2.19.0-rc0).
Therefore, update quickfetch() to also directly check for the presence
of all objects to be fetched.

You can list objects of a partial clone, excluding "promisor" objects, with git rev-list --exclude-promisor-objects

(For internal use only.) Prefilter object traversal at promisor boundary.
This is used with partial clone.
This is stronger than --missing=allow-promisor because it limits the traversal, rather than just silencing errors about missing objects.

But make sure to use Git 2.21 (Q1 2019) to avoid segfault.
See commit 4cf6786 (05 Dec 2018) by Matthew DeVore (matvore).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit c333fe7, 14 Jan 2019)

"git rev-list --exclude-promisor-objects" had to take an object that does not exist locally (and is lazily available) from the command line without barfing, but the code dereferenced NULL.

list-objects.c: don't segfault for missing cmdline objects

When a command is invoked with both --exclude-promisor-objects, --objects-edge-aggressive, and a missing object on the command line, the rev_info.cmdline array could get a NULL pointer for the value of an 'item' field.
Prevent dereferencing of a NULL pointer in that situation.

Note that Git 2.21 (Q1 2019) fixes a bug:
See commit bbcde41 (03 Dec 2018) by Matthew DeVore (matvore).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 6e5be1f, 14 Jan 2019)

exclude-promisor-objects: declare when option is allowed

The --exclude-promisor-objects option causes some funny behavior in at
least two commands: log and blame.
It causes a BUG crash:
$ git log --exclude-promisor-objects
BUG: revision.c:2143: exclude_promisor_objects can only be used
when fetch_if_missing is 0
Aborted
[134]

Fix this such that the option is treated like any other unknown option.
The commands that must support it are limited, so declare in those commands that the flag is supported.
In particular:
pack-objects
prune
rev-list

The commands were found by searching for logic which parses --exclude-promisor-objects outside of revision.c.
Extra logic outside of revision.c is needed because fetch_if_missing must be turned on before revision.c sees the option or it will BUG-crash. The above list is supported by the fact that no other command is introspectively invoked by another command passing --exclude-promisor-object.

Git 2.22 (Q2 2019) optimizes narrow clone:
While running "git diff" in a lazy clone, we can upfront know which
missing blobs we will need, instead of waiting for the on-demand
machinery to discover them one by one.
Aim to achieve better performance by batching the request for these promised blobs.
See commit 7fbbcb2 (05 Apr 2019), and commit 0f4a4fb (29 Mar 2019) by Jonathan Tan (jhowtan).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 32dc15d, 25 Apr 2019)

diff: batch fetching of missing blobs

When running a command like "git show" or "git diff" in a partial clone,
batch all missing blobs to be fetched as one request.
This is similar to c0c578b ("unpack-trees: batch fetching of missing
blobs", 2017-12-08, Git v2.17.0-rc0), but for another command.

Git 2.23 (Q3 2019) will futureproof that batch missing blob part.
See commit 31f5256 (28 May 2019) by Derrick Stolee (derrickstolee).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 5d5c46b, 17 Jun 2019)

sha1-file: split OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH

The OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH bitflag was added to sha1-file.c in 0f4a4fb (sha1-file: support OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH, 2019-03-29, Git v2.22.0-rc0) and is used to prevent the fetch_objects() method when enabled.
However, there is a problem with the current use.
The definition of OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH is given by adding 32 to OBJECT_INFO_QUICK.
This is clearly stated above the definition (in a comment) that this is so
OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH implies OBJECT_INFO_QUICK.
The problem is that using "flag & OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH" means that OBJECT_INFO_QUICK also implies OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH.
Split out the single bit from OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH into a new
OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT as the single bit and keep
OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH as the union of two flags.

And "git fetch" into a lazy clone forgot to fetch base objects that are
necessary to complete delta in a thin packfile, which has been
corrected.
See commit 810e193, commit 5718c53 (11 Jun 2019), and commit 8a30a1e, commit 385d1bf (14 May 2019) by Jonathan Tan (jhowtan).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 8867aa8, 21 Jun 2019)

index-pack: prefetch missing REF_DELTA bases

When fetching, the client sends "have" commit IDs indicating that the
server does not need to send any object referenced by those commits,
reducing network I/O.
When the client is a partial clone, the client still sends "have"s in this way, even if it does not have every object referenced by a commit it sent as "have".
If a server omits such an object, it is fine: the client could lazily fetch that object before this fetch, and it can still do so after.
The issue is when the server sends a thin pack containing an object that is a REF_DELTA against such a missing object: index-pack fails to fix
the thin pack.
When support for lazily fetching missing objects was added in 8b4c010 ("sha1_file: support lazily fetching missing objects", 2017-12-08, Git v2.17.0-rc0), support in index-pack was turned off in the belief that it accesses the repo only to do hash collision checks.
However, this is not true: it also needs to access the repo to resolve
REF_DELTA bases.
Support for lazy fetching should still generally be turned off in index-pack because it is used as part of the lazy fetching process itself (if not, infinite loops may occur), but we do need to fetch the REF_DELTA bases.
(When fetching REF_DELTA bases, it is unlikely that those are REF_DELTA themselves, because we do not send "have" when making such fetches.)
To resolve this, prefetch all missing REF_DELTA bases before attempting
to resolve them.
This both ensures that all bases are attempted to be fetched, and ensures that we make only one request per index-pack invocation, and not one request per missing object.

Git 2.24 (Q4 2019) fixes on-demand object fetching in lazy clone, which incorrectly tried to fetch commits from submodule projects, while still working in the superproject.
See commit a63694f (20 Aug 2019) by Jonathan Tan (jhowtan).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit d8b1ce7, 09 Sep 2019)

diff: skip GITLINK when lazy fetching missing objs

In 7fbbcb2 ("diff: batch fetching of missing blobs", 2019-04-08, Git v2.22.0-rc0), diff was taught to batch the fetching of missing objects when operating on a partial clone, but was not taught to refrain from fetching
GITLINKs.
Teach diff to check if an object is a GITLINK before including it in the set to be fetched.

Git 2.24 (Q4 2019) also introduces the notion of promisor remote repository.
See commit 4ca9474, commit 60b7a92, commit db27dca, commit 75de085, commit 7e154ba, commit 9a4c507, commit 5e46139, commit fa3d1b6, commit b14ed5a, commit faf2abf, commit 9cfebc1, commit 9e27bea, commit 48de315, commit 2e86067, commit c59c7c8 (25 Jun 2019) by Christian Couder (chriscool).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit b9ac6c5, 18 Sep 2019)
The partial-clone documentation defines a promisor repo as:

A remote that can later provide the missing objects is called a
promisor remote, as it promises to send the objects when
requested.
Initialy Git supported only one promisor remote, the origin
remote from which the user cloned and that was configured in the
"extensions.partialClone" config option.
Later support for more than one promisor remote has been implemented.
Many promisor remotes can be configured and used.
This allows for example a user to have multiple geographically-close
cache servers for fetching missing blobs while continuing to do
filtered git-fetch commands from the central server.
Remotes that are considered "promisor" remotes are those specified by
the following configuration variables:

*

*extensions.partialClone = <name>

*remote.<name>.promisor = true

*remote.<name>.partialCloneFilter = ...
Only one promisor remote can be configured using the extensions.partialClone config variable. This promisor remote will be the last one tried when fetching objects.

Git 2.24 (Q4 2019) also improves the notion of filters in a partial clone.
See commit 90d21f9, commit 5a133e8, commit 489fc9e, commit c269495, commit cf9ceb5, commit f56f764, commit e987df5, commit 842b005, commit 7a7c7f4, commit 9430147 (27 Jun 2019) by Matthew DeVore (matvore).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 627b826, 18 Sep 2019)
It allows for:

*

*combining filters such that only objects accepted by all filters are shown.
The motivation for this is to allow getting directory listings without also fetching blobs. This can be done by combining blob:none with tree:<depth>.
There are massive repositories that have larger-than-expected trees - even if you include only a single commit.

A combined filter supports any number of subfilters, and is written in
the following form:
combine:<filter 1>+<filter 2>+<filter 3>

*

*combining of multiple filters by simply repeating the --filter flag.
Before, the user had to combine them in a single flag somewhat awkwardly (e.g. --filter=combine:FOO+BAR), including URL-encoding the individual filters.

With Git 2.27 (Q2 2020), "git diff" in a partial clone learned to avoid lazy loading blob objects in more cases when they are not needed.
See commit 95acf11, commit c14b6f8, commit 1c37e86 (07 Apr 2020), and commit db7ed74 (02 Apr 2020) by Jonathan Tan (jhowtan).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 8f5dc5a, 28 Apr 2020)

diff: restrict when prefetching occurs
Helped-by: Jeff King
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Tan

Commit 7fbbcb21b1 ("diff: batch fetching of missing blobs", 2019-04-08, Git v2.22.0-rc0 -- merge listed in batch #7) optimized "diff" by prefetching blobs in a partial clone, but there are some cases wherein blobs do not need to be prefetched.
In these cases, any command that uses the diff machinery will unnecessarily fetch blobs.

diffcore_std() may read blobs when it calls the following functions:

*

*diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch() (controlled by the config variable diff.autorefreshindex)

*diffcore_break() and diffcore_merge_broken() (for break-rewrite detection)

*diffcore_rename() (for rename detection)

*diffcore_pickaxe() (for detecting addition/deletion of specified string)

Instead of always prefetching blobs, teach diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(), diffcore_break(), and diffcore_rename() to prefetch blobs upon the first read of a missing object.
This covers (1), (2), and (3): to cover the rest, teach diffcore_std() to prefetch if the output type is one that includes blob data (and hence blob data will be required later anyway), or if it knows that (4) will be run.

Note the lazy fetching done internally to make missing objects available in a partial clone incorrectly made permanent damage to the partial clone filter in the repository, which has been corrected with Git 2.29 (Q4 2020).
See commit 23547c4 (28 Sep 2020), and commit 625e7f1 (21 Sep 2020) by Jonathan Tan (jhowtan).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit e68f0a4, 05 Oct 2020)

fetch: do not override partial clone filter
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Tan

When a fetch with the --filter argument is made, the configured default filter is set even if one already exists. This change was made in 5e46139376 ("builtin/fetch: remove unique promisor remote limitation", 2019-06-25, Git v2.24.0-rc0 -- merge listed in batch #3) - in particular, changing from:

*

*If this is the FIRST partial-fetch request, we enable partial

*on this repo and remember the given filter-spec as the default

*for subsequent fetches to this remote.

to:

*

*If this is a partial-fetch request, we enable partial on

*this repo if not already enabled and remember the given

*filter-spec as the default for subsequent fetches to this

*remote.

(The given filter-spec is "remembered" even if there is already an existing one.)
This is problematic whenever a lazy fetch is made, because lazy fetches are made using "git fetch --filter=blob:none(man), but this will also happen if the user invokes "git fetch --filter=<filter>(man)" manually. Therefore, restore the behavior prior to 5e46139376, which writes a filter-spec only if the current fetch request is the first partial-fetch one (for that remote).

A: From git help clone :

       --depth <depth>
           Create a shallow clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions. A shallow repository has a number of limitations (you
           cannot clone or fetch from it, nor push from nor into it), but is adequate if you are only interested in the recent history of a large project
           with a long history, and would want to send in fixes as patches.

Does that provide something like what you're looking for?


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Orijinal: Piano secundo. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. For 2 Pianos. No.7.
Tercüme: Planı Secundo. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. 2 Piyano için. Lavigne.
Orijinal: Complete score. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. No.7. original key. For Organ.
Tercüme: Komple puan. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. orijinal anahtar. Organ için.
Orijinal: Complete score. A minor, transposed for 30-note pedalboard. No.7. Bach, Johann Sebastian. For Organ.
Tercüme: Komple puan. 30-nota pedalboard için aktarılmamıştır A minor,. Organ için. Gouin. Badinerie. Düzenlemeler ve Uyarlamaları.
Orijinal: Piano primo. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. For 2 Pianos. No.7.
Tercüme: Birinci kat. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. 2 Piyano için. Lavigne.
Orijinal: Violin 2. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. For 2 Violins. No.7.
Tercüme: Keman 2. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. 2 Keman için. RSB.
Orijinal: Complete Score. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. For 2 Violins. No.7.
Tercüme: B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. 2 Keman için. RSB. Badinerie.
Orijinal: Color Cover. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. No.7. For Violin and Piano.
Tercüme: Renk Kapak. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. Keman ve Piyano için. Franko.
Orijinal: Complete Score. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. For 2 Pianos. No.7.
Tercüme: B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. 2 Piyano için. Lavigne. Badinerie.
Orijinal: Violin Part. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. No.7. For Violin and Piano.
Tercüme: Keman Bölüm. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. Keman ve Piyano için. Franko.
Orijinal: Violin 1. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. For 2 Violins. No.7. RSB.
Tercüme: Keman 1. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. 2 Keman için. Badinerie.
Orijinal: Baritone. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. No.2. For 4 Saxophones.
Tercüme: Bariton. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. 4 saksafon için. Larocque.
Orijinal: Complete Score. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. No.7. For Violin and Piano.
Tercüme: B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. Bach, Johann Sebastian.
Orijinal: Soprano. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. No.2. For 4 Saxophones.
Orijinal: Tenor. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. No.2. For 4 Saxophones. Larocque.
Orijinal: Alto. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. No.2. For 4 Saxophones. Larocque.
Tercüme: Yüksek. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. 4 saksafon için.
Orijinal: Engraving files. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. Finale & XML. For Trumpet and Organ.
Tercüme: Gravür dosya. B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. Final. Trompet ve Organ için.
Orijinal: Menuet. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. Bach, Johann Sebastian.
Tercüme: B minor Orkestra Süiti No.2, BWV 1067. Klavsen veya Piyano için. Gouin. Seçimleri.
Orijinal: Complete Score. Orchestral Suite No.2 in B minor, BWV 1067. No.2. For 4 Saxophones.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.motion.widget.MotionLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/root"
    android:background="#CFC"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    app:layoutDescription="@xml/verification_scene_008">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/view_c"
            android:layout_width="200dp"
            android:layout_height="238dp"
            android:background="#8BC34A"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="c"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.5"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/view_b"
            android:layout_width="200dp"
            android:layout_height="238dp"
            android:background="#00BCD4"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="b"
            android:visibility="visible"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/view_a"
            android:layout_width="200dp"
            android:layout_height="238dp"
            android:background="#F44336"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="a"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/info"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="This should be run with verication01 activity (but work to provide an illusion of a long stack swipe left and right"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            />
</androidx.constraintlayout.motion.widget.MotionLayout>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Monty the Magician – Magic Show hosted by Larry J Ringer Public Library will start at 10:30 am at Grace Bible Church Southwood.
Smitty K's is hosting a Meet and Greet with Senator Ted Cruz starting at 1:00 pm.
Rockies Grill and Saloon is hosting their 3rd of July Party! starting at 4:00 pm.
The Summer Six Pack continues at The Tap starting at 8:00 pm. Join them for drink specials and live music.
Rick Trevino – Live at the Lakeside Icehouse! starts at 8:00 pm.
Cosmic Chaos Summer Tour w/ YeeHa! starts at 8:00 pm at Revolution Cafe and Bar.


text:
ImStem, UConn Obtain U.S. Patent for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Technology to Treat MS, Other Diseases
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has issued a patent for human embryonic stem cells derived mesenchymal stem cells, called hES-T-MSC or T-MSC, and for their method of production. This newly patented technology was developed by ImStem Biotechnology in collaboration with the University of Connecticut (UConn) to advance new therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases.
The hES-T-MSCs have the potential to treat autoimmune disorders caused in part by increased reactivity of immune T-cells. These stem cells — discovered by Dr. Ren He Xu, former director of UConn Stem Cell Core, and Dr. Xiaofang Wang — are of particular interest for MS.
"Current therapies temporarily treat MS symptoms, but come with severe side effects and high costs – $60K per year," Wang, ImStem's chief technology officer, said in a UConn news release. "ImStem's technology can offer strong immunosuppression and tissue regeneration with no side effects. It is more robust than other adult stem cell therapies."
In previous studies, this research team demonstrated that using a specific protocol made it possible to produce hES-T-MSC that could successfully treat animal models with MS-like disease.
These cells have a specific characteristic that makes them superior to other stem cell models: the fact they can produce low levels of a pro-inflammatory molecule called interleukin-6 (IL-6). This minimizes potential disease-promoting effects, reducing inflammatory-related adverse events.
In addition, these cells can be modulated to originate mature cells that express specific proteins of interest. Since these cells can cross the blood-brain barrier and the blood-spinal cord barrier, they may also carry therapeutic agents directly to diseased sites.
ImStem is a spinoff of the UConn Stem Cell Core Lab and operates with private capital. It is based at the UConn Technology Incubation Program (TIP) in Farmington, Connecticut. The company works with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to obtain all the necessary clearances to initiate clinical trials with its hES-T-MSC next year.
"None of this would have been possible without the vision and support of the state of Connecticut and UConn," said Michael Men, CEO of ImStem. "As a physician and business person, I am naturally pleased to be part of the ImStem team, but without visionary partners like CT Innovations, UConn and Connecticut's elected officials, the work of our company would not have progressed."
Tagged autoimmune diseases, hES-T-MSC, ImStem Biotechnology, patent, Stem Cells, T-MSC, therapy, UConn.
Previous: 4 Things to Know About Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis
Next:Winner of $4.9 Million Research Award Tests Online and Teleconference-based Methods to Reduce MS-related Fatigue
Siamon says:
Do you think this new technique will also be approved by health Canada? And also can this technique be used for all types of MS? Thanks Siamon
Alice Melão says:
Hello Siamon, This new technique is not yet approved by any regulatory entity. It still has to go through clinical trials to assess efficacy as therapy for MS.
My question is ; is this technique approved by FDA to be used on candidate patients if recognized as eligible to benefit from it?
Robert LoDestro says:
Recruiting patients for clinical trials?
LAURA VINCENT says:
I'm at end stages, as they told me from day one 8 years ago…I have the rarest form of Ms ever documented(even possibly another rare autoimmune disease masking itself as MS) as told by a worldwide M.S. specialist who diagnosed me from the onset back in '09… Thanking you in advance for your prompt response/at your earliest convenience in letting me know if I would be eligible for this triaI? I was a part of the Tysabri trial when I was initially diagnosed back in '09…I had all adverse effects and was taken off of it immediately… I also had extreme adverse effects to Interferon & Copaxone and was immediately taken off those as well! I haven't been on any immunosuppressive therapies, aside from large doses of I.V. methyl prednisone distributed in hospital over 5-7 Day periods ever since.
Marie Evans says:
Upon reading MS Among Diseases article.
I have MS and now a month ago was diagnosed with Systemic Sclerosis. It all started with my heart racing upon resting. This is very new to me as I didn't relate it to MS. Now, it has been reported I had no idea it related to MS.
Does anyone know what to make of this?I believe 3 to 5 people out of 100,000 get this ime told. It's frightening for me not knowing what can happen . I thought MS was not included in this diagnoses but upon reading your article it's to me part of the MS now.


Dogs are long considered our best friends. Since the days of our civilizations, it is thought that dogs have started to share the cities that we build and have lived in them - eating up our wastes, protecting our livestocks, guarding us and sometimes irking us with their behaviour. Stray dogs are now seen as a menace more than as loving inhabitants of our cities. An increasing number of huma-dog conflicts are a testimony to that. A new research has thrown some insights into the behavioural aspects of stray dogs and has identified factors and measures that can help us make peace with the strays. By being aware and understanding of the behaviours of strays, a lot of such conflicts can be avoided, say the researchers.


text:
Lenon Fernandes Ribeiro, mais conhecido como Lenon (Rio de Janeiro, 2 de maio de 1990), é um futebolista brasileiro que atua como volante e lateral-direito. Atualmente joga pelo .

Carreira

Início
Nasceu em 2 de maio de 1990, na cidade do Rio de janeiro. Deu seus primeiros passos nas quadras do , onde jogava futsal, até chegar ao mirim, quando se transferiu para o futebol de campo. Nos gramados, ficou apenas por mais dois anos na equipe do subúrbio. Lá, chamou a atenção de olheiros do  que o levaram para a Gávea.

Nas categorias de base do , Lenon teve ótima passagem e conquistou três títulos.

Flamengo
Foi integrado aos profissionais do  pelo então treinador Cuca, em 2009. Foi relacionado para o Fla-Flu da última rodada da Taça Rio em função de suspensões e a falta de volantes. Sua estreia ocorreu em 5 de abril de 2009, quando entrou no lugar de Jônatas e teve boa participação no clássico.

Goiás
Sem muito espaço no profissional do Flamengo, foi emprestado, junto com o meia Camacho, em 2010 ao , onde foi o destaque no último jogo do Brasileirão, contra o , sendo um dos responsáveis por segurar o empate naquela partida. Pelo clube, foi vice-campeão da Copa Sul-Americana.

Duque de Caxias
Em 2011, foi emprestado ao  para a disputa do Campeonato Carioca daquele ano. Após se destacar pelo time da Baixada Fluminense, Lenon renovou seu contrato para a disputa do Campeonato Brasileiro de 2011 - Série B.

Náutico
Ainda em 2011, foi emprestado, junto com o atacante Paulo Sérgio, ao , a pedido do então treinador Waldemar Lemos. No final do ano, após a conquista do acesso à Série A, renovou com o clube para a temporada seguinte. Com a chegada do técnico Alexandre Gallo ao Timbu, voltou para o  em maio de 2012, após ser dispensado.

Sport
Em setembro de 2012, foi requisitado novamente pelo treinador Waldemar Lemos para defender o .

Macaé
Foi contratado por empréstimo pelo  às disputas do Campeonato Carioca de 2013.

Retorno ao Duque de Caxias
Um novo empréstimo de Lenon para o Duque de Caxias foi anunciado em 24 de maio de 2013. O volante retornou ao Tricolor da Baixada para disputar a Série C do Brasileiro e o Carioca do ano seguinte.

Cabofriense
Após meses sem clube, desde que deixou o Duque de Caxias, em junho de 2014, Lenon acerta com a Cabofriense, para a disputa do Carioca de 2015.

Guarani
Em 6 de maio de 2015, após o Campeonato Carioca, Lenon acertou com o Guarani para a disputa do Campeonato Brasileiro - Série C. Em 2016, sagrou-se vice-campeão da Série C atuando como lateral-direito. Manteve a regularidade como titular nas duas temporadas seguintes (conquistando a Série A2 em 2018). Em 2019, o jogador retornou de empréstimo.

Vasco
Em 12 de junho de 2018 é anunciado como reforço do Vasco da Gama, por empréstimo até o final do ano. No clube carioca, não conseguiu se firmar na posição e disputou apenas nove jogos devido a uma lesão na coxa.

Cuiabá
Fazia parte dos planos do  para 2020, mas não houve acerto para na renovação de contrato. Em 25 de dezembro de 2019 foi anunciado como reforço pelo  (embora o contrato só fosse assinado em 3 de janeiro de 2020, pois o contrato com o Bugre ainda estaria em vigor até o final do ano).

Após cinco jogos no campeonato estadual, o atleta se lesionou e, em julho, passou por uma cirurgia de reconstrução do tendão patelar. Voltou aos gramados em novembro de 2020, mas sofreu uma lesão muscular no mês seguinte e não atuou mais pelo . Em fevereiro de 2021, deixou o time numa reformulação promovida pela diretoria em virtude do acesso à Série A.

Portuguesa
Após passar meses sem atuar profissionalmente para se dedicar a um recondicionamento físico, a contratação do futebolista pela  foi anunciada em 8 de junho de 2021.

Estatísticas
Atualizado até 12 de dezembro de 2020.

Clubes

 a. Jogos da Copa do Brasil
 b. Jogos da Copa Sul-Americana
 c. Jogos de Campeonatos estaduais e Torneios amistosos

Títulos
 Flamengo
 Campeonato Carioca Juvenil: 2006
 Copa Circuito das Águas: 2007
 Copa Macaé Sub-17: 2007
 Taça Rio: 2009
 Campeonato Carioca: 2009
 Troféu João Saldanha: 2009
 Campeonato Brasileiro: 2009

 Náutico
 Copa Pernambuco: 2011

 Duque de Caxias
 Copa Rio: 2013

 Guarani
 Campeonato Paulista - Série A2: 2018

Prêmios individuais
 Melhor lateral direito do Campeonato Paulista - Série A2: 2018
 Seleção do Campeonato Paulista - Série A2: 2018

Ligações externas
 Perfil de Lenon  em Soccerway

Futebolistas do Rio de Janeiro (estado)
Futebolistas do Madureira Esporte Clube
Futebolistas do Clube de Regatas do Flamengo
Futebolistas do Goiás Esporte Clube
Futebolistas do Duque de Caxias Futebol Clube
Futebolistas do Clube Náutico Capibaribe
Futebolistas do Sport Club do Recife
Futebolistas do Macaé Esporte Futebol Clube
Futebolistas da Associação Desportiva Cabofriense
Futebolistas do Guarani Futebol Clube
Futebolistas do Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama
Futebolistas do Cuiabá Esporte Clube
Futebolistas da Associação Portuguesa de Desportos
Futebolistas do Barra Futebol Clube (Santa Catarina)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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How Much Does Adobe Bridge Cost. Adobe Bridge users don't purchase Adobe Bridge as a stand-alone product. Rather, it is included with one of the Adobe Creative Cloud Plans. These plans also include free cloud storage and one or more of the following apps: Adobe Photoshop CC, Illustrator CC, and XD CC.
Adobe Bridge now lets you change the capture time of the JPEG and RAW image files, just like the way it is done in Adobe Lightroom. This feature is helpful if you travel to a different time zone and do not change the date or time setting of your camera before you start photographing.
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Adobe Bridge is a free digital asset management app made by Adobe Systems and first released with Adobe Creative Suite 2.It is a mandatory component of Adobe Creative Suite, Adobe eLearning Suite, Adobe Technical Communication Suite and Adobe Photoshop CS2 through CS6. Starting with Creative Cloud, however, it has become an optional component downloaded via Creative Cloud subscription.
How much does a dental bridge cost? On average, the cost of a dental bridge can be anywhere from $400 per artificial tooth to as much as $1,700 per tooth without insurance. This price is all going to depend on the location of the tooth, the cost of the lab being used, type of materials used and the dentist you're using.


What to expect when buying a new home in the Fort Hood area (Killeen, Harker Heights and Copperas Cove), tips, cost, builder recommendations, and more.
Data for each communities and area around Fort Hood, TX, and the median year homes were built / median age.
View the most expensive new construction / builder homes for sale in the Fort Hood, TX area (Killeen, Harker Heights, Copperas Cove, Nolanville) and some of the custom builders building them, like Cameo, Symphony, Ben Atkinson, and more.


advanced search We have 194 holiday homes available.
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NOVASOL Holiday Apartment in Veysonnaz This breezy apartment with original furnishings is spread over on 2 floors and right under the loft..
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NOVASOL Holiday Home in Veysonnaz. This typical Valais Holiday Resort offers guests a warm welcome with its charm and hospitality. Relax in..


The Nifty November 2018 futures traded at 10,775.55, a premium of 12.15 points from the Nifty's closing of 10,763.40 in the cash market.
Turnover on the National Stock Exchange's futures & options (F&O) segment was reported at Rs 5.08 lakh crore, lower than Rs 5.82 lakh crore reported in the previous trading session.
Reliance Industries, Yes Bank and ICICI Bank were the top traded individual stock futures contracts in F&O segment of NSE.
Reliance Industries November 2018 futures traded at 1,149.35, at a discount from closing price of 1149.65. Yes Bank November 2018 futures traded at 206.25, at a premium over closing price of 205.95. ICICI Bank November 2018 futures traded at 364.30, at a premium over closing price of 363.50.


text:
Q: Null pointer exception Custom Validation in spring + hibernate My Custom Validation Classes
1.UserAvailablity.java

    package com.vicky.finalYearProject.customValidations;

        import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
        import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
        import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
        import java.lang.annotation.Target;

        import javax.validation.Constraint;
        import javax.validation.Payload;

        @Constraint(validatedBy = UserAvailabilityValidator.class)
        @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD})
        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
        public @interface UserAvailability {

            public String message() default "Email is already Registered";

            public Class<?>[] groups() default { };

            public Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default { };

        }

2.UserAvailabilityValidator.class

    package com.vicky.finalYearProject.customValidations;

        import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
        import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;

        import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

        import com.vicky.finalYearProject.Service.CheckUserAvailabilityService;

        public class UserAvailabilityValidator implements ConstraintValidator<UserAvailability, String>{

            @Autowired
            CheckUserAvailabilityService availabilityService;

            @Override
            public void initialize(UserAvailability constraintAnnotation) {
                ConstraintValidator.super.initialize(constraintAnnotation);

            }

            @Override
            public boolean isValid(String email, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {

                boolean available = false;

                available = availabilityService.isAvailable(email);//return true or false

                return available;
            }

        }

My Entities

*

*User.java

    package com.vicky.finalYearProject.Entity;

        import javax.persistence.Column;
        import javax.persistence.Entity;
        import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
        import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
        import javax.persistence.Id;
        import javax.persistence.Table;
        import javax.persistence.UniqueConstraint;
        import javax.validation.Valid;
        import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
        import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;

        import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;
        import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

        import com.vicky.finalYearProject.customValidations.UserAvailability;

        @Entity
        @Component
        @Table( name = "customers",
                    uniqueConstraints=
                    @UniqueConstraint(columnNames={"email"})
                )
        public class User {

            @Id
            @Column(name = "id")
            @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
            private int id;

            @NotNull
            @Column(name = "email", length = 50)
            @Pattern(regexp = "^([a-zA-Z0-9_\\-\\.]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9_\\-\\.]+)\\.([a-zA-Z]{2,5})$")
            @UserAvailability//custom validator
            private String email;

            @NotNull
            @Column(name = "password")
            @Length(min = 1 , message = "Enter Valid Password")
            private String password;

            @NotNull
            @Column(name = "firstName")
            @Length(min = 1 , message = "Enter Valid firstName")
            private String firstName;

            @NotNull
            @Column(name = "middleName")
            @Length(min = 1 , message = "Enter Valid middleName")
            private String middleName;

            @NotNull
            @Column(name = "lastName")
            @Length(min = 1 , message = "Enter Valid lastName")
            private String lastName;

            public int getId() {
                return id;
            }

            public void setId(int id) {
                this.id = id;
            }

            public String getEmail() {
                return email;
            }

            public void setEmail(String email) {
                this.email = email;
            }

            public String getPassword() {
                return password;
            }

            public void setPassword(String password) {
                this.password = password;
            }

            public String getFirstName() {
                return firstName;
            }

            public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
                this.firstName = firstName;
            }

            public String getMiddleName() {
                return middleName;
            }

            public void setMiddleName(String middleName) {
                this.middleName = middleName;
            }

            public String getLastName() {
                return lastName;
            }

            public void setLastName(String lastName) {
                this.lastName = lastName;
            }

            @Override
            public String toString() {
                return "User [id=" + id + ", email=" + email + ", password=" + password + ", firstName=" + firstName
                        + ", middleName=" + middleName + ", lastName=" + lastName + "]";
            }
        }

My xml form Mapping with User class... by form:form
*
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix= "form" uri ="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>

ADD USER INFORMATION

        <form:form  action ="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/conformation"
                    modelAttribute="user"
                    method="post">

                    First Name : <form:input path="firstName"/>
                    <form:errors path ="firstName" cssClass="error"/>

                    Middle Name: <form:input path="middleName"/>
                    <form:errors path ="middleName" cssClass="error"/>

                    Last Name: <form:input path="lastName"/>
                    <form:errors path ="lastName" cssClass="error"/>

                    Email : <form:input path="email"/>
                    <form:errors path ="email" cssClass="error"/>

                    password : <form:input type="password" path="password"/>
                    <form:errors path ="password" cssClass="error"/>

                    <input type = "Submit" value="next"/>

        </form:form>

     cancle

*

ERROR I GOT when I submit My jsp page

    Aug 11, 2020 12:29:33 PM org.hibernate.hql.internal.QueryTranslatorFactoryInitiator initiateService
        INFO: HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
        Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_, user0_.email as email2_0_, user0_.firstName as firstNam3_0_, user0_.lastName as lastName4_0_, user0_.middleName as middleNa5_0_, user0_.password as password6_0_ from customers user0_ where user0_.email='sdghag@jsjdhak.zdhzg'
        Aug 11, 2020 12:29:40 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
        SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcher] in context with path [/finalYearProject2] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000028: Unexpected exception during isValid call.] with root cause
        java.lang.NullPointerException
            at com.vicky.finalYearProject.customValidations.UserAvailabilityValidator.isValid(UserAvailabilityValidator.java:26)
            at com.vicky.finalYearProject.customValidations.UserAvailabilityValidator.isValid(UserAvailabilityValidator.java:1)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.constraintvalidation.ConstraintTree.validateSingleConstraint(ConstraintTree.java:180)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.constraintvalidation.SimpleConstraintTree.validateConstraints(SimpleConstraintTree.java:62)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.constraintvalidation.ConstraintTree.validateConstraints(ConstraintTree.java:75)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.metadata.core.MetaConstraint.doValidateConstraint(MetaConstraint.java:130)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.metadata.core.MetaConstraint.validateConstraint(MetaConstraint.java:123)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validateMetaConstraint(ValidatorImpl.java:555)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validateConstraintsForSingleDefaultGroupElement(ValidatorImpl.java:518)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validateConstraintsForDefaultGroup(ValidatorImpl.java:488)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validateConstraintsForCurrentGroup(ValidatorImpl.java:450)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validateInContext(ValidatorImpl.java:400)
            at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorImpl.validate(ValidatorImpl.java:172)
            at org.hibernate.cfg.beanvalidation.BeanValidationEventListener.validate(BeanValidationEventListener.java:116)
            at org.hibernate.cfg.beanvalidation.BeanValidationEventListener.onPreInsert(BeanValidationEventListener.java:80)
            at org.hibernate.action.internal.EntityIdentityInsertAction.preInsert(EntityIdentityInsertAction.java:197)
            at org.hibernate.action.internal.EntityIdentityInsertAction.execute(EntityIdentityInsertAction.java:75)
            at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.execute(ActionQueue.java:645)
            at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addResolvedEntityInsertAction(ActionQueue.java:282)
            at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addInsertAction(ActionQueue.java:263)
            at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addAction(ActionQueue.java:317)
            at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.addInsertAction(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:332)
            at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:289)
            at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:196)
            at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:127)
            at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:192)
            at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:38)
            at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:177)
            at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:32)
            at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:73)
            at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSave(SessionImpl.java:713)
            at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:705)
            at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:700)
            at com.vicky.finalYearProject.DAO.UserDaoImplimantation.addUser(UserDaoImplimantation.java:16)
            at com.vicky.finalYearProject.Service.PurchaseService.purchase(PurchaseService.java:46)
            at com.vicky.finalYearProject.Controller.UserController.purchaseconformed(UserController.java:74)
            at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
            at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
            at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
            at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
            at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:190)
            at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:106)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:888)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:793)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1040)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:943)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898)
            at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883)
            at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
            at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:320)
            at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.invoke(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:126)
            at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.doFilter(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:90)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:118)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter(SessionManagementFilter.java:137)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:111)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:158)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter.doFilter(RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:63)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:200)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:116)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CsrfFilter.doFilterInternal(CsrfFilter.java:117)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doHeadersAfter(HeaderWriterFilter.java:92)
            at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doFilterInternal(HeaderWriterFilter.java:77)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:105)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:56)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:334)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:215)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:178)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:358)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:271)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
            at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:139)
            at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
            at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:690)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)
            at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343)
            at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:373)
            at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
            at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:868)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1590)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
            at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
            at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
            at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:835)

Hibernaete.cfg.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-configuration>
        <session-factory>
              <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
              <property name="hibernate.connection.password">120699@mysqL</property>
              <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/final_year_project</property>
              <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
              <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
              <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
              <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        </session-factory>
    </hibernate-configuration>

Spring Configuration
1.ViewResolverConfigrationClass.java

    package com.vicky.finalYearProject.Configuration;

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;

    @Configuration
    @EnableWebMvc
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.vicky.finalYearProject")
    public class ViewResolverConfigrationClass {

        @Bean
        public ViewResolver viewResolver() {

            InternalResourceViewResolver viewresolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();

            viewresolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/");

            viewresolver.setSuffix(".jsp");

            return viewresolver;
        }
    }

2.DispecherServletConfigClass.java

    package com.vicky.finalYearProject.Configuration;

    import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

    public class DispecherServletConfigClass extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

        @Override
        protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
            return new Class[] {ViewResolverConfigrationClass.class};
        }

        @Override
        protected String[] getServletMappings() {
            return new String[] {"/"};
        }
    }

I tried alot to figure out Even it works well without @UserAvailability in User.java Class
EVEN it works well with @UserAvailability when UserAvailabilityValidator.IsValid() returns false
Can Anyone please solve this issue For me...Thank you`enter code here
I THINK HIBERNATE IS AGAIN VALIDATING ALL CONSTRAINT AFTER SPRING THIS ERROR ERROR IS COME WHEN I TRY TO USE SAVE METHOD IN HIBERNATE
UserController.java

    package com.vicky.finalYearProject.Controller;

    import java.util.List;

    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.validation.Valid;

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    import com.vicky.finalYearProject.Entity.Department;
    import com.vicky.finalYearProject.Entity.Student;
    import com.vicky.finalYearProject.Entity.University;
    import com.vicky.finalYearProject.Service.StudentSignupService;

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/student")
    public class StudentController {

        @Autowired
        Student student;

        @Autowired
        StudentSignupService studentSignupSvc;

        List<String> universities;
        List<String> departments;

        @GetMapping("/signup")
        public String studentLogin(Model model) {

            universities = studentSignupSvc.getAllUniversity();
            departments = studentSignupSvc.getAllDepartment();

            model.addAttribute("student", student);
            model.addAttribute("universityOptions", universities);
            model.addAttribute("departmentOptions", departments);

            return "student/signup";
        }

        @PostMapping("/conformation")
        public String studentConformation(
                            @Valid @ModelAttribute("student") Student student,
                            BindingResult result,
                            Model model,
                            HttpServletRequest request) {

            if(result.hasErrors()) {
                model.addAttribute("universityOptions", universities);
                model.addAttribute("departmentOptions", departments);
                return "student/signup";
            }
            else {

                String universityName = (String)request.getParameter("theUniversity");
                String departmentName = (String)request.getParameter("theDepartment");

                University university = studentSignupSvc.getUniversity(universityName);
                Department department = studentSignupSvc.getDepartment(departmentName);

                student.setUniversity(university);
                student.setDepartment(department);

                studentSignupSvc.signup(student);  //CAUSE OF ERROR If I comment this line everything work fine
//and sigup service is perfactly auto wired i checked it.

                return "student/studentConformation";
            }
        }
    }

A: In the UserAvailabilityValidator class, is the availabilityService well autowired ? If the service is null, you will have this error.

A: Spring ought to inject dependencies into any ConstraintValidator-implementing class, even without marking them as @Bean or @Component, so I'm guessing you are missing the spring wiring.
Do you have a LocalValidatorFactoryBean in your spring configuration? From the documentation:
import org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean;

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public LocalValidatorFactoryBean validator() {
        return new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
import sys
import urllib
import urllib2
from termcolor import colored

if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    sys.exit("Missing phone number! \n Usage: python phone.py PHONE_NUMBER")

params = {'number': sys.argv[1]}

url = "https://api.opencnam.com/v2/phone/" + params["number"]
print "Making request to " + url

try:
  req = urllib2.Request("https://api.opencnam.com/v2/phone/" + params["number"])
  resp = urllib2.urlopen(req)
  print colored(resp.read(), 'green')
except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
  codes = {
    404: ["Couldn't find that number", "red"],
    403: ["Throttle limit exceeded -- max is 10/hour", "yellow"],
    "default": ["Unknown HTTP error occurred", "red"]
  }
  if e.code in codes:
    message = codes[e.code]
  else:
    message = codes["default"]
  print colored(message[0], message[1])
except urllib2.URLError, e:
  print colored(e.args, 'red')


Šokci (Serbo-Croatian: Šokci / Шокци, Hungarian: Sokácok) are an ethnographic group of South Slavs mainly identified as Croats. They are not considered a separate ethnicity in Croatia and elsewhere. They live in various settlements along the Danube and Sava rivers in the historic regions of Slavonia, Baranya, Syrmia and western Bačka. These regions today span eastern Croatia, southeastern Hungary, and northern Serbia. Šokci are considered natives in Slavonia and Syrmia in Croatia.
Šokci are considered to be a native population of Slavonia and Syrmia in Croatia. The Croatian Bureau of Statistics does not record the Šokci as a separate narodnost (2001). According to the 2011 census in Serbia, 607 people declared as ethnic Šokci. Outside of Slavonia and Syrmia, they live in the settlements of Bački Monoštor, Sonta, Sombor, Bački Breg in Bačka, Serbia, and Hercegszántó in Hungary.
Matija Petar Katančić (1750–1825), the first to theorize on the name, connected the ethnonym with the toponym of Succi or Succus in Thrace, found in the work of Ammianus Marcellinus (fl. 353–378). He also derived it from šljivov sok (plum juice). Ćiro Truhelka derived it from Albanian shoq < Latin sočius, but comparison to Montenegrin surname Šoć makes it dismissive. Others, including Vuk Karadžić, derived it from Italian word sciocco [ˈʃɔkko] ("frenzied, insane"). F. Kluge (1924) derived it from German schock, "a detachment of 60 men", which was the size of historical border patrols on the Sava. V. Skarić (1932) theorized that it was derived from German der Sachse ("Saxon", sh. Sas), for which there's lack of historical evidence. Petar Skok derived it from Turkish-Persian noun šoh ~ suh ("wicked, shameless, unclean") with suffix "-gin, -kin" ("unclean"). In his unfinished etymological dictionary published in 1973, the editors considered most reasonable the Romanian şoacăţ with primary meaning a mouse, and secondary meaning a mockery for Western Europeans (especially Germans) who dressed in urban fashion, from which derives adjective şoacăfesc (German), abstraction įoacăţie. From Serbo-Croatian word skok or uskok ("to jump, leap, to jump in"), or from folk etymology šaka ("fist"), from the way they make the sign of the cross, different from Orthodox's who sign only with three fingers.
The origin of Šokci people is not completely clear.
The prevalent opinion of modern scholars, based on etymology, is that they were Catholics who moved from the south, across the Sava from Bosnia, by the end of the Ottoman wars in Europe, as the Ottomans were retreating. The Šokci in Baranja are considered to be descendants of settlers from a mass migration of Croats from an area near Srebrenica, Bosnia into the region after the Ottoman retreat in the 18th century. Regardless of when exactly they settled there, Šokci are considered to be an indigenous Croatian population of Slavonia and Vojvodina, which distinguishes them from the majority of the present-day population of these regions who are descendants of later settlers.[verification needed] The feeling of being indigenous rather than a settler is an important characteristic of the population.
The earliest known Ottoman Turkish defter that mentions the Šokci dates from 1615, a ferman by sultan Ahmed I, dated Safer 9, 1024 according to the Islamic calendar, in which he referred to them as the population of the "Latin faith" whose "religion is completely different from the faith of the Serbs, Greeks and Vlachs". They are also mentioned in the documents of the Roman Catholic Church where they requested Jeronim Lučić to become the bishop of Bosnia and Slavonia in 1635, and in one writing from the time when Eugene of Savoy invaded Ottoman territory down to Sarajevo in 1697.
In the 1702 census of Đakovo, one of the cities that was retaken from the Ottoman Empire following the Treaty of Karlowitz, there were 500–600 inhabitants described as Catholic Slav/Slavonian (Latin: Slavi catholicae fidae). Tadija Smičiklas later republished the same census and used the terms "Slovinci" and/or "Šokci", and claimed 400 inhabitants. According to the contemporary Antun Kanižlić (1699–1766), the term Šokci was a slang reference to Catholic Slavonians that was used by the Orthodox.
According to the Austrian census in Bačka from 1715, Serbs, Bunjevci, and Šokci comprised 97.6% of population. The 1720 census in Bačka recorded 72% Serbs and 22% Bunjevci and Šokci. After the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), the first Habsburg census recorded in Banat about 20,000 citizens, mostly Serbs.
In the old Austro-Hungarian censuses there was large number of Šokci, both in Croatia/Slavonia and in Vojvodina. According to the 1840 data, the population of Croatia, Slavonia and Vojvodina numbered 1,605,730 people, of which 777,880 (48%) were Croats, 504,179 (32%) Serbs, and 297,747 (19%) Šokci. The Šokci were concentrated in the Požega, Virovitica, and Syrmia counties, and in the Slavonian Military Frontier.
According to the 1910 census in Austria-Hungary, there were 88,209 Bunjevci and Šokci in the Hungarian part.
Vojvodina data from the 2002 census indicates villages where a significant population declared their ethnicity as Šokci. The villages where there is a significant presence of Šokci who declare their ethnicity as Croats are not indicated on the map.
Šokci living in Croatia and Hungary, as well as many of those living in Serbia, today usually consider themselves to be a subgroup of Croats. In Serbia, Šokci and Bunjevci have been recorded as a separate "modality" or national or ethnic affiliation by the national census in 1991 and 2002. Unlike Bunjevci, the other Catholic Slavic group from the same area, Šokci mostly declare themselves as Croats rather than the separate group, and some have also declared themselves Yugoslavs in the census. In the 1991 census, there were 1,922 declared Šokci in what has later become Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and a much larger number of Croats. The population that declared "Šokci" as an ethnicity in the 2002 census is small and appears in summary lists under "Other", while there were over 70,000 declared Croats. The choice of ethnicity between "Šokac" and "Croat" that is promoted in Serbia is described by scholars in Croatia as bizarre and harmful, because it exacerbates the Šokac myths of independence and antiquity, puts them into the realm of political folklore and helps provoke various 19th-century conflicts between the Croats and the Serbs.
In general, the number and the percentage of the Šokci has decreased because of an unwritten policy that each family should have only one child, because they did not wish to divide their estate and other riches in each following generation. Unfortunately such a practice worked up until the 19th/20th century, at which point they were practically overwhelmed in number by the immigrants which had a much larger reproduction rate (certainly over two children per family at the time).
Villages with numerous Šokac population in the region of Bačka are: Sonta (Apatin municipality), Bački Breg and Bački Monoštor (Sombor municipality). In 2002 census in Serbia, most of the inhabitants of these villages declared themselves as Croats.
Most of the Hungarian Šokci live in the Baranya region, particularly in the town of Mohács.
The Šokci are Roman Catholic by faith and follow the Latin Rite.
The Šokci speak an old-Shtokavian Slavonian sub-dialect that is almost exclusively spoken by Šokci. The Slavonian dialect has a mixed Ikavian and Ekavian accent: Ikavian is predominant in Posavina, Baranja, Bačka and in the Slavonian sub-dialect enclave of Derventa; and Ekavian in Podravina. There are also enclaves of one accent in the territory of the other, and also of mixed Ekavian–Ikavian and Jekavian–Ikavian accents. In some villages in Hungary, the original Slavic yat sound[clarification needed] is preserved.
Many of the traditions of the Šokci are influenced by their environment – they live in the fertile Pannonian plain where they cultivate grains and corn in large fields surrounding their villages. The villages often have one main street (šor) where each subsequent family house has auxiliary buildings and a spacious yard, as well as a water well. The central street is surrounded on both sides by water channels, which have small crossings in order for one to reach the house.
Families often keep poultry, particularly ducks and geese, although the main source of meat are the pigs, which are almost inevitably kept by a Šokac. They enjoy pork-based products such as ham, sausages (particularly kulen) and bacon. These products are customarily obtained by the traditional autumn slaughtering. The most common fruit are plums, not least because it is often fermented into liquor called rakija.
The abundance in which they have traditionally lived has made the Šokci a naturally merry people, who pay a lot of attention to folklore. Each Šokac village inevitably has a cultural society where they cultivate their folk songs and dances. A popular folk custom is the bećarac. They also hold a yearly festivity called the "Šokačko sijelo", held over a nine-day period in February, being the largest traditional event in the area of Posavina near Županja, featuring local culture and traditions.
The most recognisable feature of Šokci culture is their music which is played mostly on the tambura instrument. Many tambura bands achieved nationwide fame in Croatia. The body of the tambura was traditionally made of the wood of maple, poplar or plum trees, while today it's mostly made of spruce or fir trees. Another instruments used in the past was the bagpipe. The traditional wedding festivities are paid much attention to, sometimes even catching the attention of entire villages.
The traditional outfit of the Šokci, called the rubina, is made of white linen cloth with lace decorations, and the main part of it is a blouse called oplećak i krila. The women mostly wear the entire outfit only in the summer, replacing it with a wool skirt in the winter. The most esteemed decoration of a Šokac outfit are the gold coins known as dukati (ducats). A rich Šokac girl would have a large number of dukati weaved onto her chest not only as a decoration but as a clear sign that she comes from a wealthy family.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Šokci.
^ "Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији" (PDF) (in Serbian). Retrieved 22 April 2017.
^ a b Ljubica Gligorević (2004). "Etnološke znakovitosti". Vukovarsko-srijemska županija (special ed.). SN Privlačica Vinkovci / Vukovar-Srijem County. pp. 60–69. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
^ a b c d e f g h Petar Skok (1973). Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika III: poni–Ž (in Serbo-Croatian). JAZU. pp. 406–407.
^ a b c Proceedings for social sciences. 47. Matica srpska. 1967. pp. 135–137.
^ Matija Petar Katančić (1798). De Istro ejusque adcolis commentatio in qua autochthones illyrii ex genere Thracio advenae item apud illyrios a primis rerum publicarum temporibus ad nostram usque aetatem praesertim quod originem, linguam et literaturam eorumdem spectat deducuntur, aucto. typis Universitatis Pestinensis. pp. 109–.
^ a b c Attila Paládi-Kovács, ed. (2004). Times, Places, Passages: Ethnological Approaches in the New Millennium. 7th International Congress of the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore. Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 115. ISBN 978-963-05-7919-3.
^ Jovan Pejin, Velikomađarski kapric, Zrenjanin, 2007, page 28.
^ Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 261.
^ Charles W. Ingrao; Franz A. J. Szabo (2008). The Germans and the East. Purdue University Press. pp. 173–. ISBN 978-1-55753-443-9.
^ "Methodological explanations" (ZIP/PDF). 2002 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. May 2003. p. 8. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
^ "Final Results of the Census 2002" (PDF). Republic of Serbia – Republic Statistical Office. 24 December 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
^ a b "Olić za petak najavio svoj klasični angažman: 'Prolit ću znoja i za pet utakmica!'" (in Croatian). Zagreb: Jutarnji.hr.
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Ivan Ivanić (1899). Bunjevci i Šokci u Bačkoj, Baranji i Lici. Dr. Dimitrijević.
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This page was last edited on 9 April 2019, at 15:50 (UTC).


In very good condition, a lovely solid silver jewellery box by Hung Chong (Shanghai) Circa 1880 - 1925. A graceful bamboo design in the aesthetic style. Complete with its original silk lining.
This is an original jewellery box, not a converted cigarette box. Clear marks to the base. Size 5 x 3.25 x2.0 inch. The item "ANTIQUE CHINESE EXPORT SILVER JEWELLERY BOX Hung Chong (Shanghai) 1880 1925" is in sale since Sunday, September 30, 2018. This item is in the category "Antiques\Silver\Solid Silver\Other Solid Silver".


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Why the digital workforce is going to be a game changer
Hydrogen's Chris Tin explains why the digital workforce is going to be a game changer
As the name suggests, the idea of a digital workforce is to mimic the behaviour of human workers only with greater speed and accuracy. As long as it has been properly optimised, a digital system should be able to complete a task without error and in a fraction of the time that it would take a human worker. Not to mention the cost savings.
Indeed, the use of robotics looks set to trigger a productivity surge in years ahead, with the Boston Consulting Group predicting that by 2025, the adoption of advanced robotics and AI will boost productivity by up to 30% and lower labour costs by 18% in many of the world's largest countries.
We are sitting on a better, cheaper and faster workforce that doesn't take breaks, can work 24/7 and 365 days a year and is willing to switch tasks on a dime should the need arise. This workforce also dramatically reduces the burden on IT and has the potential to provide a 200% ROI in just one year according to our studies. But what does the digital workforce look like in action?
A digital workforce case study
Last year, a telecommunications contact centre staffed by 6000 people deployed digital workers across their existing platform. This reduced call-handling time significantly and as a result, systems complexity and associated training time were also reduced.
In this example, the digital workforce was able to interact seamlessly with multiple systems, automating end-to-end tasks and providing natural, fluid automated conversation. The bottom-line results? A 25% reduction in cost within nine months with less customer and employee effort required. The main driving force of this strategy was the chatbot at the heart of its solution and it is chatbots that are very much the virtual face of the digital workforce revolution.
Rise of the chatbots
A lot has changed in business over the last hundred years or so, but one constant that has remained is the value of customer control. Yes, technology and cultural progress might have changed almost everything else about how we do business, but all these years later the customer is still king.
That's why it's so vital for businesses to have a healthy relationship with their customers and that means instigating customer-centric practices that retain existing customers and entice new ones. That's where chatbots can prove so vital, as 69% of consumers list them as their preferred means of communication due to their speed and impartiality.
Whilst the first chatbot was technically birthed around 50 years ago by MIT professor Joseph Weizenbaum, it's only in the last decade that the technology has caught up with the concept. China's WeChat was arguably the first company to perfect and popularise the practise ten years ago, but it's only been in the last few years, as major players like Facebook and Google have opened their platforms up for chatbot developers, that the hype train has finally pulled into the station.
Chatbots have already been proven game-changers in many industries, with 80% of businesses planning to incorporate them by 2020. They are a key member of the digital workforce, but the way that businesses can get the best out of them is to use them sparingly and always in tandem with a human workforce who can offer more specific feedback, should the chatbot be unable to solve a query. These chatbots should include effortless, automated escalation protocols, to allow users to speak to a human being when the digital worker hits a wall.
We've explored some examples of the digital workforce in action and have touched on why it has the potential to be a game changer for any industry that utilises digital technology (and are there any that don't these days?) but our surveys reveal that 90% of enterprises still have fewer than 20 bots deployed. More damningly, very few of them are automating at scale, so whilst the results and the benefits might be compelling, few are really breaking through.
This creates an opportunity for those enterprises willing to go that extra mile and approach automation strategically by understanding how work is changing and how they can adapt to those changes to create a scalable digital workforce. If enterprises want to take advantage of the truly game-changing opportunities offered by the digital workforce, however, they are going to need to get their heads around the concept of intelligent automation.
What is intelligent automation?
Artificial intelligence is a term that everyone understands, and intelligent automation relies on AI to function. Essentially, it's a system that utilises robotic process automation (RPA) enhanced by greater cognitive capabilities and digitisation tools with rich user interfaces to automate processes from end-to-end for the users. Machine learning, neural networks and AI are bringing fresh intelligence to digital workers and allowing them to make more informed decisions faster and more efficiently.
This includes everything from voice recognition and optical character recognition, which means machines are able to not only recognise patterns in digital data but in printed and handwritten text too. Intelligent automation isn't just about automating manual digital tasks either; it's about platforms that enable bots to interact easily with human workers and platforms that use cloud services to offer seamless access to AI, data analytics and more.
Intelligent automation is either achieved through an RPA platform, which is augmented with compatible tech and individual platforms, or an all-in-one solution, which features a suite of integrated solutions but features an RPA platform at its heart.
Has the game already been changed or is it in the process of changing? We see 2020 as a turning point that's somewhere in between. But within the next few years, we will hopefully have reached a point where humans don't need to understand the language of technology anymore because it'll be up to technology to understand ours!
Discover more about how Hydrogen Consulting Solutions can help your business implement a digital workforce >>
Chris Tin