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Q: Range of values that can be stored in an integer type in C C has family of integer types i.e {short, int, long, long long}. Any new programmer is likely to use int to represent integer variable in the application and since int type has 32 bit space with range (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647), there will be bug as soon value of the variable goes out of the range. As you can see the maximum value is 2,147,483,647 which IMHO very small (cannot even count Earth's population).
So my question is how does newbie avoid such bug? What is space of int type on 64 bit OS?

A: Note: 'int' is only guaranteed to be at least 16 bits. It's even smaller than you thought! If you want to guarantee at least 32-bits use 'long'. For even larger values look at things like 'int64_t' or 'long long'.
How does a newbie avoid problems like this? I'm afraid it's the same as for many other programming problems. "think carefully and take care".
Running a test at program startup is a good idea. As is having a good set of unit tests. Take extra care when moving to a new platform.

A: Limits.h stores the min and max values for integer types in C.
N.B. C++ has its own version: <limits>
If you're really interested in the number of bits a type uses on your platform, you can do something like this (from here):
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    printf("short is %d bits\n",     CHAR_BIT * sizeof( short )   );
    printf("int is %d bits\n",       CHAR_BIT * sizeof( int  )    );
    printf("long is %d bits\n",      CHAR_BIT * sizeof( long )    );
    printf("long long is %d bits\n", CHAR_BIT * sizeof(long long) );
    return 0;
}

A: As mentioned elsewhere, limits.h will specify the ranges allowed for each type - INT_MIN, INT_MAX, UINT_MAX, etc.
If you need an integer type of a specific width, the stdint.h header provides type definitions like int8_t, int16_t, etc.

A: We can classify computation in several categories.
For one: A significant context for computing is some form of indexing.  We can index into an array, for example.  Another form is that we can count objects (e.g. give them an int id) that we create in memory.
For these, our programming languages are usually implemented so that they run out of memory before the simple integer type overflows.  For example, arrays may be limited to 32k in 16-bit worlds (and you could only have one of those), 2^31 elements in 32-bit worlds.  And you cannot create more than 32k objects in 16-bit worlds and 2^31 object in 32-bit worlds (because objects almost universally use more than one byte each).  We can consider that in some sense, larger and large int values imply more memory usage, and that memory is exhausted just before simple int's overflow.
For another, however, we have kinds of computation that doesn't use additional memory in proportion with larger numeric values, such as, summation, we need to be very careful about the selection of data type.  Other examples would be rows in a database, where the row number (row id) could exceed memory size as much of the data lives on disc instead of in memory.  In these cases we have to look to other limits to indicate the proper size to use.  For example, if the db limits to 2^63 rows (big db!), then we should be ok to use a 64-bit int regardless of if we're using a 16-bit machine or larger.

A: This is best explanation I found on page 3 that any newbie can understand quickly and avoid bugs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Many of us were motivated to set up our own company/business and quite a number succeeded. We were and continue to be convinced that the future of the Indian economy and trade lies in such startups. Gladly, Our Prime Minister feels the same.
No! No! He is not setting up his own firm but is encouraging others to do so by way of the SIPP- Scheme of Facilitating Start-Ups Intellectual Property Protection.
The SIPP or the Scheme of Facilitating Start-Ups Intellectual Property Protection is a part of the recently launched Start-Up India Action Plan 2016. Supported extensively by the Government of India, it aims at protecting, promoting awareness and encouraging innovation and creativity among startups.
Any start-up certified by the Start-Up Certification Board as having an innovative business can avail the benefits of the scheme.
What is mean by a Start-up?
Any entity incorporated or registered in India not prior to five years, with an annual turnover not exceeding 25 crore rupees in any preceding financial year and working towards innovation, development or commercialization of new products, processes or services driven by technology or any other form of intellectual property rights will be deemed to be a Start-Up.
At this juncture, it is essential to note that an entity would cease to a start-up after five years or once its turnover exceeds 25 crore rupees.
What are the benefits of the SIPP?
The primary objective of the SIPP scheme is to promote awareness and the adoption of IPRs among start-ups. The scheme is exclusively designed to nurture emerging technologies in startups and assist them in protecting the same while deriving maximum commercial benefit out of it.
In furtherance of this objective, The SIPP scheme helps start-ups to register and protect their intellectual property rights at charges that are affordable and convenient for them.
How does one avail the benefits of the Intellectual Property Scheme?
The primary requisite is that the entity that seeks to avail this scheme is that it should be registered as a start-up with the Start-Up Certification Board. However, as per the notification dated 13.07.2016 issued by patent office, the startup do not require to obtain the certificate from the certification board. Further, such start-up should enlist the help of a facilitator.
In order to assist start ups, the Government of India has appointed facilitators. Facilitators are those empanelled by the Controller of Patent, Trademark and Design (CGPTDM) and who are the ones permitted by the Government to assist start-ups in protecting their intellectual property.
–Patent agent registered with the CGPTDM.
–Trademark agent registered with the CGPTDM.
-Any advocate as defined under the Advocate's Act, 1961.
-Government Departments/organizations and agencies like TIFAC, NRDC, BIRAC etc.
It is imperative to note that not every patent/trademark agent or patent lawyer is a facilitator. Therefore, only patent/trademark agents or lawyers who have been empanelled by the Controller of Patents, Trademark, and Design are deemed to be facilitators.
-Providing general advice in different IPRs to startups on a pro bono basis.
-Secondly, providing information with regard to protection and promotion of IPRs of startups in other countries.
-Assisting in filing and disposing of the IP applications with regard to patents, trademarks, and designs.
–Drafting complete or provisional specifications for inventions of startups and other ancillary functions.
-Preparing and filing responses to the examination reports and other notices or letters sent by the patent office.
-Appearing on behalf of startups for hearings.
-And also, contesting oppositions, if any.
-Finally, ensuring the final disposal of the IPR application.
How does getting one's Intellectual Property protected through a facilitator prove beneficial?
The registration of the SIPP scheme requires only payment of a procedural/statutory fee. The eligible startup can get their IP protection by the facilitators at nil professional fees. Further, the fee has to be paid directly to the Government, thus ensuring transparency in the transaction.
Since the government is the government is assisting in the protection of Intellectual Property of Startups, Does it claim a stake in too?
Absolutely not! As stated earlier, the primary aim of the SIPP scheme is to promote awareness and the adoption of IPRs among start-ups. Therefore, the facilitator and the Government cannot and will not lay a claim on the intellectual property of the startup. It will be under the sole ownership of the startup.
How does one find a facilitator?
The list of facilitators empanelled by the CGPTDM is available on www.ipindia.nic.in. You may also be interested to read how can a startup avail the benefits under SIPP?


text:
/**
 * @fileoverview Lovefield exceptions store only error code to reduce
 * distributed binary size. See dist/error_code.json for actual error messages.
 */
goog.provide('lf.Exception');

goog.require('lf.Flags');

/**
 * @param {number} code
 * @param {...(string|number|undefined)} var_args
 * @constructor
 * @extends {Error}
 * @struct
 * @final
 */
lf.Exception = function(code, var_args) {
  /** @type {number} */
  this.code = code;

  /** @type {string} */
  this.message = lf.Flags.EXCEPTION_URL + code;

  if (arguments.length > 1) {
    // Allow at most 4 parameters, each parameter at most 64 chars.
    for (var i = 1; i <= Math.min(4, arguments.length - 1); ++i) {
      var arg = String(arguments[i]).slice(0, 64);
      if (lf.Flags.EXCEPTION_URL.length > 0) {
        this.message += '&p' + (i - 1) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(arg);
      } else {
        this.message += '|' + arg;
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};
goog.inherits(lf.Exception, Error);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Enjin to Launch a new Polkadot-based Blockchain for non-fungible tokens
cryptocurrency General
lightblocks
A popular blockchain-based gaming platform, Enjin, has raised almost $19million to develop a next-generation blockchain on Polkadot for non-fungible tokens (NFT).
On March 31, Enjin announced that it has raised almost $19 million to develop a next-generation blockchain, known as Efinity, for non-fungible tokens on the Polkadot network. The company raised such an amount to finance the new project in a round led by Hashed, Crypto.com, and DFG Group. Meanwhile, the company, which was founded in 2009, has raised $37.8 million to date.
Other participants that contributed to the funding include Hypersphere, BlockTower, Blockchain.com Ventures, Fenbushi, Iconium, HashKey, Arrington XRP Capital, DeFi Alliance, and some celebrities and individuals. The funds were raised by selling Efinity tokens called EFI and will be channeled into the development of the new network.
To write the next chapter of NFT history, we need a blockchain that not only solves the problems faced today, but opens new possibilities for the #NFTs of tomorrow.
? Introducing Efinity: a next-generation blockchain built for #NFTs on @Polkadot https://t.co/IIjFPDVEqG pic.twitter.com/kwCGmjJw6u
— Enjin (@enjin) March 31, 2021
The new Enjin network is Polkadot-powered
The Efinity blockchain will utilize Substrate, the framework that powers the Polkadot ecosystem, with development support from the firm behind the network – Parity Technologies. All transactions on the network will be confirmed in 6 seconds, and it permits high-speed response times needed for mainstream applications. The announcement also explained why Polkadot was chosen over Ethereum, stating that Efinity is designed to supercharge not only Ethereum NFTs but NFTs from any blockchain.
Besides Efinity, a platform called JumpNet will be launched on April 6 as a high-speed bridge network that will allow free, instant on-chain transactions of Enjin Coin (ENJ) and ERC-1155 tokens. However, the launch date for Efinity has not been specified yet.
The CTO of Enjin, Witek Radomski, stated that cross-chain compatibility is essential for the future of the industry, as many other firms are facilitating interoperability already:
"Digital assets should exist in a metaverse of blockchains. Opening up liquidity across multiple blockchains and use-cases will connect a broad ecosystem of creators, buyers, and sellers."
Meanwhile, Enjin is not new to the NFT space, as it created the ERC-1155 standard for non-fungible assets in 2017. And this Ethereum standard is more advanced than ERC-751 and is used by top-performing companies, such as Microsoft and Nike. On March 23, the company also partnered with the social gaming platform, GameTalkTalk, Ludena Protocol, to boost NFT exposure in South Korea. With the recent fuss about NFTs, we have seen various individuals and crypto-based firms utilize the growing market. ConsenSys has also entered the NFT space with a new platform called Palm.
Following the announcement, Enjin's native token (EJN) jumped 9.5% to hit a twelve-day high of $2.62. And over the past 30 days, EJN has made a whopping 260% and hit an all-time high of $3 on March 16.
Related Topics:blockchaincryptocurrencyEfinityEnjinethereumNFTsNon-fungible tokensPolkadot
Thailand Central Bank to Test Retail Digital Currency for Next Year says Deputy Governor
DOGE Rose 10% After Elon Musk Says SpaceX Would Take it to the Moon
XRP(XRP)$0.74-1.09%

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home » Mattress Reviews » Floyd Mattress Review
Floyd Mattress Review
There's a brand new bed on the mattress scene, and it goes by the name of Floyd. The Floyd Mattress is a medium firm, bed-in-a-box hybrid that was just recently released by furniture company Floyd. It's got a few interesting features (including CertiPUR-US certified foams and more than 1,000 pocketed coils), so let's see if it deserves a hearty welcome to the mattress world!
I was already familiar with the Floyd Bed Frame, so I was curious to try out the brand's first mattress. I put it through all of my usual tests to determine how it stacks up, and I'm excited to share the findings of my Floyd Mattress Review!
Is this new hybrid ideal for your sleep needs? Read through my comprehensive review to find out! Or, if you're short on time, jump on down to my review summary.
Floyd Home
The Floyd mattress and bed frame are great options for those looking to spruce up their bedroom.
Check Prices Here
Floyd Mattress Video Review
Floyd is a furniture company that's mostly known for its non-bed-related furniture. That said, the brand has already begun to establish itself in the mattress world with the Floyd Bed Frame, which I'll talk more about later in the review. The company is all about building furniture that lasts and combating the disposable furniture trend.
Because the Floyd Mattress is the first bed from Floyd, I'm going to focus exclusively on this mattress in this review. So let's get into it by taking a look at the Floyd's construction!
The Floyd mattress and bed frame in Sleepopolis
What Is the Floyd Mattress Made Of?
The Floyd Mattress has a pretty straightforward hybrid construction. It layers memory foam over pocketed coils for a medium-firm feel that balances comfort and support. That could be good news for combo sleepers, who need to feel both comfortable and supported in several positions.
It's worth noting that Floyd prioritizes safe materials in the mattress. All of the foams meet CertiPUR-US standards, which means they're free of ozone depleters, flame retardants, formaldehyde, heavy metals, and phthalates. They're also low-VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)!
Now that you know what isn't in the mattress, let's take a look at what is!
Cover – The thin cover is made of Tencel, a soft, smooth, and sustainable material. It's known for being fairly breathable, so it could help the mattress sleep a little cooler.
Comfort Layer – Underneath the cover you'll find a comfort layer of open-cell memory foam that's infused with copper and graphite. As you'd expect from memory foam, this layer has a slow response to pressure and provides nice contouring and some pressure relief. While memory foam is known for trapping heat, the open-cell construction allows for more airflow and the copper and graphite infusions help draw heat away from the sleeper — good news for people who like memory foam but don't want to sleep hot.
Taking a closer look at the Floyd mattress cover
Transition Layer – Next up is a transition layer of poly foam. It's firmer than the memory foam above, but not as firm as the pocketed coils below, so helps (ahem) transition you from the softer layer to the more supportive one. This section also contributes to the bed's medium-firm feel, which is likely to appeal to combo sleepers because it offers a balance of comfort and support in several positions.
Support Layer – Beneath the transition layer, you'll find more than 1,000 pocketed coils, which give the bed the kind of bounce that you'd expect from a traditional innerspring mattress. The coils are individually wrapped, which means they can move independently. This helps cut down on motion transfer, which is important if you share a bed with a partner. The coils are also zoned, with firm, high-gauge coils around the perimeter of the bed to shore up the edge support. This could be helpful for couples or larger folks who want to maximize the surface area of their mattress.
Foundation Layer – At the bottom of the mattress, you'll find a foundation layer that features a grippy material to help prevent the mattress from sliding around on a bed frame.
Taking a look at the materials used in the Floyd mattress
How Firm Is the Floyd Mattress?
Knowing what's inside of a mattress is an important piece of the puzzle, but it's not all there is to it! Now, let's explore what it feels like to be on top of the Floyd Mattress — starting with its firmness.
Of course, firmness is somewhat subjective, because everybody has their own preferences and varies when it comes to weight, size, shape, and so on. So keep this in mind when reading my assessment!
I found the Floyd to have a medium firmness
Speaking of my assessment: I found this mattress to be around a 6 out of 10 on the firmness scale. The industry standard for medium firmness is 6.5, so I'd say this mattress is on the softer side of medium-firm.
What lands the Floyd in the medium-firm camp? While it has soft memory foam on top, that gentleness is balanced out by the firmer transitional poly foam layer and supportive pocketed coils. Together, these layers provide good mobility and a balance of comfort and support. This could be ideal for folks who prefer a bouncy feel and for combo sleepers who change positions throughout the night.
Testing the Floyd Mattress
Okay, so you know the Floyd is just a hair softer than medium-firm. Now, let's dive deeper into what it's like to sleep on this mattress by taking a look at Pressure Relief and Motion Transfer!
You know the Queen song "Under Pressure"? Pressure Relief is about the opposite of that. Basically, it's about a bed's ability to relieve tension at sensitive areas (e.g. the hips, lower back, and shoulders). To test out the pressure relief on the Floyd Mattress, I turned to my handy pressure map.
Here's how it works: I roll out the pressure map on top of the mattress and hop on top. The map tracks my body's force as I move around and try out different positions on the bed. Low-pressure areas are highlighted in blue, while the highest pressure areas show up as red.
Pressure map results for the Floyd mattress
Back – When I'm lying on my back, I feel like my weight is evenly distributed and don't feel any pressure points. I sink into the comfort layer's memory foam just a little bit and feel some contouring around my body without losing support. Thanks to the pocketed coils, I don't feel stuck on the mattress, and it's easy to change positions. This could appeal to combo sleepers who switch positions during the night.
Side – When I arrive on my side, I feel pretty comfortable — so I was surprised to see the pressure map flagging hot spots at my shoulders and hips. As your shoulders press into the structure over the course of the night, they could sink through the top soft layer and interact mostly with the firm coils. If you're a strict side sleeper who likes to sink deep into your mattress, then you might want a softer bed. But if you're a combo sleeper who only spends part of the night in this position, you might feel okay here.
Stomach – Last but certainly not least, I rolled onto my stomach. While I don't feel any pressure hot spots, I do feel like my hips are sinking in a bit too much. Strict stomach sleepers or heavier folks who spend time on their stomachs will probably need firmer support to keep their spines aligned in a healthy position.
The medium firmness of the the Floyd is good for back and side combo sleepers
I don't think Queen ever wrote a song about Motion Transfer, but it's important nonetheless! Motion Transfer is all about the amount of movement that's detectable from one side of the bed to the other. It lets you know whether you'll feel your sleeping partner's movements if they're prone to shifting around during the night.
To mimic motion transfer, I dropped a 10 lb steel ball from 4 inches, 8 inches, and 12 inches. These heights represent different movements, from (respectively) tossing and turning to getting out of bed or full-on jumping. I measured the disturbance caused by each of these drops: The bigger the lines, the bigger the disturbance!
Motion transfer test results for the Floyd mattress
Because the Floyd Mattress is a hybrid, I was curious to see how it would perform. Memory foam is known for minimizing motion transfer, while coils generally… aren't. In Floyd's case, the two seem to cancel each other out. The mattress performed pretty well during my motion transfer tests, no doubt thanks to the memory foam on top. At the same time, you do still see some disturbance because this is a bouncy mattress. I'd say the mattress is about average when it comes to minimizing motion transfer.
Floyd Bed Frame Setup
Speaking of bed frames: It's worth touching on the construction of the Floyd Bed Frame, which is pretty unique. It has a super minimalist construction and doesn't require any tools to put together — not even screws! Instead, the frame is held together with straps. If that sounds suspect, you might be surprised to learn that it's actually really sturdy. I feel well supported when I'm on a mattress on top of this frame.
Is the Floyd Mattress Right For You?
Alright, you now know a lot about one of the newest mattresses around. Just one question remains: Is the Floyd Mattress right for you? I can't tell you that, but I can help you out with a summary of my review!
The Floyd could be a great option for combo sleepers. It's medium-firm and offers a balance of support and pressure relief in multiple positions, which is often the sweet spot for people looking to stay comfortable in several positions throughout the night.
This mattress is also a good choice if you're looking for a bed with a fair amount of bounce. The pocketed coils create a springy feel that's similar to a traditional innerspring mattress, which lets you change positions without feeling stuck.
Finally, the Floyd is also worth considering if you like a memory foam feel. The memory foam in the comfort layer offers some nice body contouring and pressure relief.
This probably won't be a great fit for strict stomach sleepers. If you spend a lot of time in this position, you might feel your hips sinking in, which can cause the spine to get out of alignment and lead to aches and pains. Strict stomach sleepers are probably better off looking for a mattress with firmer support.
Much like stomach sleepers, heavy folks may find that they're not supported enough by this mattress. You might sink through the foam layers and feel too much of the coils underneath. If you're on the heavier side, you might want to look for something with a more solid build.
I found sleeping on my side on the Floyd to be comfortable
Trial: 30 Days
How Much Does the Floyd Mattress Cost?
Full 53″ x 75″ x 10″ $995
Floyd Mattress


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August 20, 2021 August 20, 2021 hogfiddle Catholics, pandemic, Uncategorized
Upon this chipotle I will build my church and Covid shall not prevail against it — the Gospel according to St. AutoCorrect
A bit of levity on a grim topic Friday afternoon ... brought to you by one of those automatic spell-checking devices. And a moral to the story -- It's fun to have fun with typos, but we all need to be vaxxed. It started with a notice on the Capitol Fax blog, a portal maintained … Continue reading Upon this chipotle I will build my church and Covid shall not prevail against it — the Gospel according to St. AutoCorrect
July 31, 2021 July 31, 2021 hogfiddle Uncategorized
Andover's population, demographics
"Andover, Illinois," Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andover,_Illinois (accessed July 31, 2021) *** Andover is a village in Henry County, Illinois, United States. The population was 578 at the 2010 census, down from 594 in 2000.[3] [Estimate (2019)[2] 572] History Andover is the oldest community in Henry County. Andover was the first area to be settled as a town within the county and the … Continue reading Andover's population, demographics
May 7, 2021 May 7, 2021 hogfiddle Uncategorized
Pew Research survey on attitudes towards immigration, inclusiveness in US, Europe
Interesting data cited today in Jennifer Rubin's op ed piece on the Washington Post website. Her headline focuses on the news of the day, "This is why MAGA nativists are in a panic" Well, natch. That's what you do to attract readers to the op ed page. But the data, in a Pew Research Center … Continue reading Pew Research survey on attitudes towards immigration, inclusiveness in US, Europe
April 19, 2021 April 19, 2021 hogfiddle Uncategorized
Civil war in America? A 2017 think piece in the New Yorker looks at the odds
Editor's (admin's) note: One of two posts today that were prompted by Nate Cohn's op ed piece "Why Political Sectarianism Is a Growing Threat to American Democracy" in the New York Times. Link HERE for my notes & quotes from Cohn's article, and a scholarly article in Science magazine he based it on. Cite: Robin … Continue reading Civil war in America? A 2017 think piece in the New Yorker looks at the odds
German new year's hymn by Dietrich Bonhoeffer —
D R A F T https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aN7dGz6NH5M 'Von guten Mächten wunderbar geborgen' | ABAKUS Musik | Click on "CC" for English subtitles. Von guten Mächten wunderbar geborgen / "By gracious pow'rs so wonderfully sheltered ..." (trans. Fred Prett Green, ELW 626 (ELW has a different tune (TELOS) by Robert Buckley Farlee -- video by Resurrection Evangelical … Continue reading German new year's hymn by Dietrich Bonhoeffer —
March 20, 2021 March 22, 2021 hogfiddle journal, pandemic, Poetry, Uncategorized
How to make some pretty good soup in a global pandemic (with apologies to Simon Ortiz and Nora Dauenhauer)
It's best made in dry-fish camp on a beach by afish stream on sticks over an open fire, or duringfishing, or during cannery season.In this case, we'll make it in the city baked inan electric oven on a black fry pan. [...]-- Nora Dauenhauer, "How to Make Good Baked Salmon from the River" When I … Continue reading How to make some pretty good soup in a global pandemic (with apologies to Simon Ortiz and Nora Dauenhauer)
March 3, 2021 March 3, 2021 hogfiddle journal, Swedes, Uncategorized
'Sliding in on a shrimp sandwich'
Some useful concepts ... but would Pastor Esbjörn and the Augustana Synod approve? https://www.facebook.com/peter.ellertsen/posts/2772475713013457
October 25, 2020 November 12, 2020 hogfiddle Uncategorized
Covid-19 symptoms and treatments, 2020
xxx https://www.facebook.com/ming.kuo/posts/10223989675026685 shared to my FB feed too permalink: https://www.facebook.com/peter.ellertsen/posts/2675153709412325
October 19, 2020 June 23, 2021 hogfiddle Uncategorized
Marcel Marceau and the uses of history
d r a f t https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrFW5FwwkfI Marcel Marceau, "How I worked in the French Resistance and Created Bip as a Figure of Hope," Michigan Quarterly Review, 41, no. 1 (Winter 2002) https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?cc=mqr;c=mqr;c=mqrarchive;idno=act2080.0041.111;g=mqrg;rgn=main;view=text;xc=1 a lightly edited transcript of the speech delivered extempore, in English, by Marcel Marceau upon receiving the Raoul Wallenberg Medal on April 30, 2001, at … Continue reading Marcel Marceau and the uses of history
August 26, 2020 August 29, 2020 hogfiddle Uncategorized
Misc. notes and links on Caesarea Philippi
Jacqueline Schaalje, Banyas, Jewish Magazine, July 2000 http://www.jewishmag.co.il/34mag/banyas/banyas.htm The city was re-named Caesarea Philippi when Herod's son Philip took up the rule. Philip was one of the first who made a serious attempt to determine the source of the Jordan. The story is related by Josephus (War 3: 512-13). Philip had chaff thrown in the nearby … Continue reading Misc. notes and links on Caesarea Philippi


London- A cloud of uncertainty hangs over the United Kingdom after tight elections returned Conservative Party leader Theresa May to power, although without an overall parliamentary majority.
Britons voted June 8 amid tightened security just five days after three terrorists attacked in central London, running down pedestrians on London Bridge before indiscriminately stabbing revellers in Borough Market. Eight people were killed.
The election campaign was dominated by security and counterterrorism issues. Parties suspended national campaigning twice following the Manchester and London attacks. Reports that many of the attackers, including 22-year-old Manchester Arena bomber Salman Abedi, were known to police raised questions about Britain's counterterrorism policies.
Officials raised the terror threat in the UK to "critical" after the May 22 Manchester bombing, which killed 23, meaning that soldiers were deployed on the streets and an attack was imminent. The threat level was reduced to "severe" — an attack was "highly likely" — a few days later.
May, the prime minister, said that "enough is enough" following the London attack, pledging to clamp down on Islamist extremism. A few days later, the former home secretary said she would be prepared to rip-up human rights laws that impeded more robust terror legislation.
It was a pledge she returned to after announcing her intention to form a government with the help of Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party. However, with a narrow parliamentary majority, a resurgent opposition Labour Party and criticism from her own backbenchers, many questioned how May intends to push through her legislative agenda and how long she can remain at the head of a Conservative Party that is notorious for ridding itself of weak leaders.
Britain is facing an unprecedented jihadist threat, senior police officers acknowledged, requiring understaffed police and security officers to innovate.
"In nine weeks, we've had five plots foiled and three successful attacks. This is completely different to anything we have seen for a long time," London Metropolitan Police Assistant Commissioner Mark Rowley said after the London attacks.
A report by Britain's Times newspaper stated that intelligence authorities have identified 23,000 jihadist extremists in Britain as potential terrorists. About 3,000 were considered direct threats and are either under investigation or being actively monitored. The remaining 20,000 have featured in previous inquiries and are categorised a "residual risk" but not actively monitored.


Many structures and objects can be built with the regular Roblox parts such as Parts, Cylinders, Spheres, etc. You can create more complicated shapes using a feature called Solid Modeling. In this tutorial we will use Solid Modeling to create an arch.
Start by inserting a Part which will be the main body of the arch.
Change the Part's Part/Shape to Cylinder and resize it using the Scale tool so it is slightly smaller than the part inserted earlier. Use the Move tool to make the cylinder intersect with the part. You will need to make sure collisions are turned off.
Insert another Part and place it beneath the cylinder. It needs to be the same width as the cylinder and should be scaled so reaches from the ground to halfway up the cylinder.
Select both the cylinder and the second part. Click on the Model tab and then click on the Negate button. This will turn the parts translucent and red.
Now select all three parts. Press in the Model tab click on the Union button. This will remove the area in the red parts from the first part we inserted.
And we now have a beautiful and clean arch!
If you ever want to take apart a union, select it and then press the Separate button.


Arrival: Immigration in Full Frame's Participatory Media Installation is a Featured Artist at Boston's Hubweek!
BIG and our project, the Public VR Lab, are proud to announce the launch of a participatory media installation on immigration and migration stories in Brookline and beyond. We'll be sharing the first release of Boston and Brookline stories from Arrival: Immigration in Full Frame in our container at Hubweek from Wednesday, October 10th through Sunday, October 14th, 2018!
In addition to watching these compelling XR/VR stories, visitors will also have the opportunity to record their own families' immigration and migration stories onsite as part of an interactive component of BIG's exhibit. These new stories will be included in a broader national project that features a VR/XR visual timeline, scheduled to launch as a separate immersive storytelling project in late 2019-early 2020 at film festivals, libraries, museums, and arts and cultural organizations nationwide.
Please come by Hubweek October 10th-14th in Boston's Government Center, check out the stories and share your own American arrival story!
Come be curious and play with us for two days of professional development in VR, AR and 360 storytelling in Boston this summer!
Sign up here, and email Erin [at] brooklineinteractive.org with any questions.
Learn new skills, experiment, and gain curriculum and units for your classroom!
We'll have two tracks on the Basics of Unity and another on creating 360 digital storytelling projects using personal narratives with your students in the middle school, high school and college level classroom.
Thank you to everyone who joined our co-founder and director, Kathy Bisbee, on today's Alliance for Community Media webinar. We've added links to some of the resources she mentioned below, and have linked to her presentation here.
The Public VR Lab is also available for training, consultation, equipment discounts, curriculum development and support for arts, media and cultural organizations moving towards an emerging media practice and bringing Community XR to your community. More about our campaign to build a field for Community XR here.
CONTACT: Feel free to be in touch by emailing Erin Kinney [at] brooklineinteractive.org or info [at] brooklineinteractive.org. You can reach Kathy on Twitter or LinkedIn @KathyBisbee and @PublicVRLab.
Weather Channel Video using Mixed Reality-Used Unreal programming to code/create a "virtual studio" that then blew up the virtual studio on a live broadcast.
Does Medium Matter? -VR Research & Report from Frontline and Nonny de laPeña funded by The Knight Foundation.
Kamal Sinclair, Director of the New Frontiers program at Sundance, has an exceptional resource bank here of digital inclusion, equity, -especially in the VR/XR space etc.
(BROOKLINE, Mass., March 22, 2018) Launching March 22nd online and in virtual reality, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Brookline Interactive Group (BIG), The Public VR Lab, and Datavized Technologies are pleased to announce the public launch of "There's Something in the Air," a VR data visualization experience exploring air pollution and global data over time around the globe. The public launch coincides with the official launch of Datavized's closed beta platform at the Data for Development Festival, the inaugural gathering of the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data in Bristol, March 21-23 and will be on view in the VR Data Play Space along with access to Datavized software tools and at the festival and the Bristol Data Dive on March 23.
The visualization, powered by Datavized WebVR software, was presented by the Public VR Lab's team at the third session of the United Nations Environment Assembly "Towards a Pollution-Free Planet" of the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) in Nairobi, Kenya on Dec. 4-6, 2017 to 800-1000 UNEA delegates, volunteers, NGOs, students, businesses, activists and world leaders, helping them to experience and understand environmental data stories in a new way.
The collaborative project was spearheaded by the UNEP, Brookline Interactive Group, The Public VR Lab, The EcoLearn Project, and Datavized Technologies to demonstrate how VR can create a paradigm shift to a more hands-on, visceral understanding of environmental issues through immersive data storytelling, and the physical sense of presence and increased empathy that VR provides. "There's Something in the Air" presents estimates of air pollution based on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mean annual exposure by country every five years from 1990-2010 and yearly between 2010 and 2015. Data sources include the Health Effects Institute – State of Global Air.
"The response of over 800 UNEA delegates and world leaders was absolute raw delight and enthusiasm for their experience of virtual reality. From the seven-year-old environmental activist, Sasha Bennett, to Ibrahim Thiaw, Assistant Secretary-General at the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), all remarked how very real and impactful their virtual reality experience was," added Ms. Bisbee.
For the past two years the Public VR Lab has provided free community VR demos, launched a VR Academy teaching six different ways to create XR content, and began creating VR/AR experiences in the public interest, working with artists, local museums, education, arts and technical organizations, and with local government. The Lab is training the next generation of creators and environmental educators through a high school job training program, the VR Ecohack, a hackathon focused on mentoring new storycoders, and supporting immersive journalism projects like their collaboration with the Boston Globe's STAT news team.
In 2018 the Lab launched a national collaborative VR filmmaking project on American immigration/migration stories with 15 community-based filmmakers and organizations from Alaska to Philadelphia, called Immigration in Full Frame. With the goal of accessibility in mind, the Lab recently began providing low-cost VR Demos & Creator Toolkits to libraries, schools, arts organizations, filmmakers, universities, governments, and other cultural organizations to build their capacity to demo VR, create local content, and to show that VR can be accessible and used in the public interest.
"There's Something in the Air" features a customized visualization of the Datavized software tools scheduled to be released in 2018. Datavized immersive visualization technology, built on the WebVR API, enables users with efficient, easy-to-use, three-dimensional geospatial templates for mapping global, national and city data visualizations. The startup, headquartered in New York, is currently expanding its closed beta program working with pilot partners in industries including government, business, education, transportation, mapping, statistics and sustainable development. Business and individual users can sign up to request access to the beta platform through datavized.com.
"This experience demonstrates how big data and VR can be used together to create an immersive environment for increased understanding and enhanced communication of real-world challenges. We are delighted Datavized geospatial software products and mapping technologies are being used as powerful tools for environmental education, awareness and impact," Debra Anderson, co-founder and chief strategy officer, Datavized Technologies Inc.
The experience is viewable on any connected device at https://demo.datavized.com/somethingintheair, including mobile, desktop, tablet and in VR through WebVR browsers, including in the HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, Samsung Gear VR, Google Daydream, Google Cardboard and Microsoft Windows Mixed Reality headsets. For details on WebVR browsers and supported platforms, visit webvr.rocks.
"The data collected and experienced through this pioneering VR initiative will inform policymakers on the status of air pollution in their respective constituencies worldwide. We, at UN Environment, hope that this VR experience will help expedite the implementation of the recommendations in the resolution approved at the Third UN Environment Assembly," said Cristian Mazzei, special assistant to the director of the ecosystem division of the United Nations Environmental Programme.
"The experience we created together represents a new frontier in environmental education, uniting the possibilities of new technologies with the urgency of crises such as air pollution. The leaders exposed to this tool gain a new understanding of the issue, and also an understanding of how emerging technologies can add a vital dimension to education," said Nir Darom, lead creative designer at the Public VR Lab.
Nir Darom, Lead Creative Designer at the Public VR Lab with the Ibrahim Thiaw, Assistant Secretary-General at the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), partner, Amy Kamarainen from EcoMOVE, and Public VR Lab Co-founder/BIG Director, Kathy Bisbee.
Brookline Interactive Group (BIG) is an integrated media and technology education center and a community media hub for Brookline, Massachusetts and the region. BIG facilitates diverse community dialogue, incubates and funds hyperlocal storytelling, arts, journalism and technology projects, and serves over 500 youth and adults annually through innovative classes and partnerships. BIG offers extensive multimedia training, VR, AR and 360-video cameras and training, access to high-quality filmmaking equipment, production grants, artists' residencies, and provides low-cost professional media services to nonprofit organizations, education partners, businesses, and to local government.
BIG, the Public VR Lab, Fasility, and the Mozilla Foundation invite you to join the WebVR Experience Challenge and create a new game, experience, design, or interaction using assets from the Real Time Design Challenge with Sketchfab.
Bring your WebVR skills to the next level at this one-day mini-hackathon at Brookline Interactive Group (BIG) hosted by the Public VR Lab and Fasility, in partnership with Mozilla Foundation.
Mozilla invites you to join the WebVR Experience Challenge and create a new game, experience, design, or interaction using assets from the Real Time Design Challenge with Sketchfab.This mini-hack will offer workshops and mentoring to help you meet the challenge! Participating is an awesome way to gain experience in WebVR and become a part of the open-source VR community.
Submissions are due to Mozilla by April 2, 2018. By the end of the day's mini-hack, you'll have improved your plan, prototype, or in-progress project to help you along the path to a successful submission.
Refreshments will be provided during the afternoon and the event will conclude with time to share the day's results and vote for superlatives.
This hack is in partnership with the Mozilla Foundation, hosted at BIG & the Public VR Lab, in collaboration with our awesome WEBVR partner, Fasility.
You can join our Public VR Lab Meetup group to learn more about hacks and events at the Public VR Lab!
The second hack is with Boston VR on augmented reality (AR) and using AR Tookit.
Mohammad Azam (http://www.azamsharp.com/) is a well-known ARKit guru and instructor. He will give a free class on ARKit at 10:15AM, open to the public. The class will start with learning the basics of ARKit development and then dive into intermediate topics. Azam will also provide free access to his best seller 8+ hour Udemy course on ARKit and his ARKit development book.
The rest of the day, until 6:00pm, will be a chance for everyone to work on their own VR and AR projects. We'll have one or two htc vives, an Oculus rift, a hololens or two, and so on. However, the resources and emphasis will be on ARKit. We will gather as many ARKit experts and other resources as we can and add them here, as they are found.
An iPhone 6S or above is required to run ARKit applications.
We will begin at 10:15 am sharp.
There will be a small $5.00 fee to pay for pizza and snacks. If you cannot afford it for any reason, please contact jeff@enterprisevr.com and we'll give you complimentary ticket.
Hello from Nairobi, Kenya! Yesterday I met and interviewed Sasha Bennett, a seven-year-old Kenyan environmentalist who has planted 320 trees! @SashaBennettKEso . She was a delight, an inspiration and so fun to spend time with, and hopefully tomorrow, she'll get her dream of meeting President Uhuru Kenyatta of Kenya! We're hoping he'll also stop by to try to virtual reality at our booth!
We've been here in Kenya just 72 hours and we've learned so much! Like how fun it is to meet people from all over our planet who are committed to protecting our earth.
We've been reminded that VR is still so mystical and magical to people from all over the world, when trying it for the first time, and about how hungry people are to find ways to use technology for good, to tell stories, to educate and inspire for global change. We've watched as people try VR and find it so real they peel the headsets off, scream and laugh with delight, and in two cases, thought that it might even provide one with X-ray vision!
We're very pleased to be introducing VR to new users, to world environmental leaders, to youth, to students, to seniors, diplomats, and NGOs, and help them consider ways they could bring Community VR to their countries. More soon about our partnerships on this project, the collaborations we are forming, and ways to become part of the Public VR Lab!
In the meantime, If you'd like to become an affiliate of the Public V R Lab or learn more about how to work to bring VR to in your country or community, please email our co-founder and director, Kathy Bisbee at the Public VR Lab and Brookline Interactive Group (BIG): kathy@brooklineinteractive.org.


text:
HOW MAN-MADE SHOOTING STARS ARE CREATED
Shooting stars mechanisms
Natural shooting stars emit light due to the aerodynamic heating of small dust particles when they travel through Earth's atmosphere at very high speed. At ALE, we recreate this phenomenon by accurately releasing particles that become shooting stars from our satellites when they enter Earth's atmosphere.
*Aerodynamic heating: This is the process of converting kinetic energy into heat. The phenomenon only occurs when an object travels through the atmosphere at high speed.
Difference between natural shooting stars (meteors) and man-made shooting stars
Compared to natural meteors, the particles, which ALE releases to create shooting stars, are rather larger and enter Earth's atmosphere at slower speed. This enables ALE's shooting stars to emit light longer compared to natural meteors.
Technological solutions to ensure mission safety and mitigate environmental impact
ALE's operation system and procedures ensure the shooting stars trajectory crosses Earth's atmosphere. Our meteor particles are released after confirming that there are no other spacecraft on the designated path, which prevents space debris generation.
When entering Earth's atmosphere from an altitude of about 80km, the particles will completely decelerate and disappear due to air resistance and aerodynamic heating. Therefore, they will not fall on the ground.
The shooting star particles are 1cm spheres and their non-toxic materials are inspired from the same materials that fall on Earth from space every day.
World's first man-made shooting star satellite
ALE's man-made shooting star satellites were developed together with Tohoku University.
Our satellites, ALE-1 and ALE-2 are both equipped with multiple sensors that measure attitude and position along with three independent controls making it extremely reliable. As a result, our satellites can release particles to emit light precisely at a designated location, can prevent collisions with other satellites and avoid producing space debris.
The meteor release device is a payload (mission system) built with Japanese craftmanship such as highly precise processing technologies and high-quality components. Though the particles are released at a very high speed (maximum 400m/s), the error remains below 1%, which enables a safe and highly accurate generation of shooting stars on demand.
ALE-1 satellite launched by JAXA Epsilon rocket
(Launched on January 18, 2019)
Performance test of the particle release device in the vacuum chamber
OUR PLASMA & MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY
When the meteor particles enter Earth's atmosphere, they become high-temperature plasma that emits light and will eventually vanish.
ALE has developed a compact plasma wind tunnel to simulate this phenomenon and to test different materials for the meteor particles. We are researching mechanisms for material ablation caused by aerodynamic heating. This can enable further development of materials for spacecraft, and contribution to meteor sciences.
ALE's plasma wind tunnel
OUR EFFORTS TO PREVENT SPACE DEBRIS
Today's active space developments are increasing the number of objects in outer space. It is said that in the near future, these objects will collide with one another and cause a cascade that increases the probability of further collisions, resulting in more space debris (Kessler Syndrome).
ALE, together with JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) has developed an EDT (Electro Dynamic Tether) for small satellites PMD (Post-Mission Disposal) by leveraging Earth's magnetic field.
By equipping satellites and rocket upper stages with this device, it forces them to rapidly lower their altitude and enter Earth's atmosphere even if they do not have power supply, preventing space debris accumulation. For instance, we could avoid damaged or end-of-life satellites to become space debris. As a result, space can become a safer place for future business, and space development can become more sustainable.
Concept image of EDT
ALE Co., Ltd.Sumitomo Fudosan Shibadaimon-NichomeBldg. 2F
2-11-8 Shibadaimon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0012, Japan
MAILinfo[at]star-ale[dot]com
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text:
Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen selective silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition of vinyltriethoxysilane
So Jin Ahn, Gwang Nam Yun, Atsushi Takagaki, Ryuji Kikuchi, S. Ted Oyama
機能組織化学
研究成果: Contribution to journal › Article › 査読
11 被引用数 (Scopus)
Hydrogen-selective silica membranes were prepared on a macroporous alumina support by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) at 873 K at atmospheric pressure. The membrane had a high H2 permeance of 5.4 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with H2 selectivity over CO2, N2, CO and CH4 of 95, 170, 170 and 480, respectively. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements after CVD on an alumina disk at the same conditions as for the membrane preparation showed that the vinyl groups remained in the silica structure. The VTES-derived membrane had higher hydrothermal stability than a pure tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS)-derived silica membrane, during exposure to 16 mol% water vapor at 872 K for 72 h. The temperature dependence of the permeance of various molecules (He, Ne, H2, CO2, N2, CO, CH4) before and after hydrothermal treatment gave information about the mechanism of permeance and the structure of the membrane. The membrane was composed of a contiguous silica network through which small species permeated by a solid-state mechanism and a small number of pores through which the large molecules diffused. The silica-based structure became more compact after hydrothermal treatment with decreasing permeance of small molecules (He, Ne, H2), while small pores were enlarged increasing permeance of large molecules (CO2, N2, CO, CH4). Calculation results for the small species based on a mechanism involving jumps of the permeating species between solubility sites showed lower activation energy and larger jump distances than those of a TEOS-derived silica membrane. The retention of the vinyl groups in the structure mostly associated with the defect pores resulted in interactions with CH4 and CO2, so that these species permeated by a surface diffusion mechanism.
Journal of Membrane Science
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.038
10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.038
フィンガープリント 「Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen selective silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition of vinyltriethoxysilane」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
vinyltriethoxysilane Chemical Compounds
Chemical vapor deposition Chemical Compounds
Characterization (materials science) Chemical Compounds
vapor deposition Physics & Astronomy
Ahn, S. J., Yun, G. N., Takagaki, A., Kikuchi, R., & Oyama, S. T. (2018). Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen selective silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition of vinyltriethoxysilane. Journal of Membrane Science, 550, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.038
Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen selective silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition of vinyltriethoxysilane. / Ahn, So Jin; Yun, Gwang Nam; Takagaki, Atsushi; Kikuchi, Ryuji; Oyama, S. Ted.
In: Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 550, 15.03.2018, p. 1-8.
Ahn, SJ, Yun, GN, Takagaki, A, Kikuchi, R & Oyama, ST 2018, 'Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen selective silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition of vinyltriethoxysilane', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 550, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.038
Ahn SJ, Yun GN, Takagaki A, Kikuchi R, Oyama ST. Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen selective silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition of vinyltriethoxysilane. Journal of Membrane Science. 2018 3 15;550:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.038
Ahn, So Jin ; Yun, Gwang Nam ; Takagaki, Atsushi ; Kikuchi, Ryuji ; Oyama, S. Ted. / Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen selective silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition of vinyltriethoxysilane. In: Journal of Membrane Science. 2018 ; Vol. 550. pp. 1-8.
@article{94fa7f6084c646a79b39f382ec728f97,
title = "Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen selective silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition of vinyltriethoxysilane",
abstract = "Hydrogen-selective silica membranes were prepared on a macroporous alumina support by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) at 873 K at atmospheric pressure. The membrane had a high H2 permeance of 5.4 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with H2 selectivity over CO2, N2, CO and CH4 of 95, 170, 170 and 480, respectively. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements after CVD on an alumina disk at the same conditions as for the membrane preparation showed that the vinyl groups remained in the silica structure. The VTES-derived membrane had higher hydrothermal stability than a pure tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS)-derived silica membrane, during exposure to 16 mol% water vapor at 872 K for 72 h. The temperature dependence of the permeance of various molecules (He, Ne, H2, CO2, N2, CO, CH4) before and after hydrothermal treatment gave information about the mechanism of permeance and the structure of the membrane. The membrane was composed of a contiguous silica network through which small species permeated by a solid-state mechanism and a small number of pores through which the large molecules diffused. The silica-based structure became more compact after hydrothermal treatment with decreasing permeance of small molecules (He, Ne, H2), while small pores were enlarged increasing permeance of large molecules (CO2, N2, CO, CH4). Calculation results for the small species based on a mechanism involving jumps of the permeating species between solubility sites showed lower activation energy and larger jump distances than those of a TEOS-derived silica membrane. The retention of the vinyl groups in the structure mostly associated with the defect pores resulted in interactions with CH4 and CO2, so that these species permeated by a surface diffusion mechanism.",
author = "Ahn, {So Jin} and Yun, {Gwang Nam} and Atsushi Takagaki and Ryuji Kikuchi and Oyama, {S. Ted}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
doi = "10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.038",
journal = "Journal of Membrane Science",
T1 - Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen selective silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition of vinyltriethoxysilane
AU - Ahn, So Jin
AU - Yun, Gwang Nam
AU - Takagaki, Atsushi
AU - Kikuchi, Ryuji
AU - Oyama, S. Ted
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
N2 - Hydrogen-selective silica membranes were prepared on a macroporous alumina support by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) at 873 K at atmospheric pressure. The membrane had a high H2 permeance of 5.4 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with H2 selectivity over CO2, N2, CO and CH4 of 95, 170, 170 and 480, respectively. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements after CVD on an alumina disk at the same conditions as for the membrane preparation showed that the vinyl groups remained in the silica structure. The VTES-derived membrane had higher hydrothermal stability than a pure tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS)-derived silica membrane, during exposure to 16 mol% water vapor at 872 K for 72 h. The temperature dependence of the permeance of various molecules (He, Ne, H2, CO2, N2, CO, CH4) before and after hydrothermal treatment gave information about the mechanism of permeance and the structure of the membrane. The membrane was composed of a contiguous silica network through which small species permeated by a solid-state mechanism and a small number of pores through which the large molecules diffused. The silica-based structure became more compact after hydrothermal treatment with decreasing permeance of small molecules (He, Ne, H2), while small pores were enlarged increasing permeance of large molecules (CO2, N2, CO, CH4). Calculation results for the small species based on a mechanism involving jumps of the permeating species between solubility sites showed lower activation energy and larger jump distances than those of a TEOS-derived silica membrane. The retention of the vinyl groups in the structure mostly associated with the defect pores resulted in interactions with CH4 and CO2, so that these species permeated by a surface diffusion mechanism.
AB - Hydrogen-selective silica membranes were prepared on a macroporous alumina support by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) at 873 K at atmospheric pressure. The membrane had a high H2 permeance of 5.4 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with H2 selectivity over CO2, N2, CO and CH4 of 95, 170, 170 and 480, respectively. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements after CVD on an alumina disk at the same conditions as for the membrane preparation showed that the vinyl groups remained in the silica structure. The VTES-derived membrane had higher hydrothermal stability than a pure tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS)-derived silica membrane, during exposure to 16 mol% water vapor at 872 K for 72 h. The temperature dependence of the permeance of various molecules (He, Ne, H2, CO2, N2, CO, CH4) before and after hydrothermal treatment gave information about the mechanism of permeance and the structure of the membrane. The membrane was composed of a contiguous silica network through which small species permeated by a solid-state mechanism and a small number of pores through which the large molecules diffused. The silica-based structure became more compact after hydrothermal treatment with decreasing permeance of small molecules (He, Ne, H2), while small pores were enlarged increasing permeance of large molecules (CO2, N2, CO, CH4). Calculation results for the small species based on a mechanism involving jumps of the permeating species between solubility sites showed lower activation energy and larger jump distances than those of a TEOS-derived silica membrane. The retention of the vinyl groups in the structure mostly associated with the defect pores resulted in interactions with CH4 and CO2, so that these species permeated by a surface diffusion mechanism.
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JO - Journal of Membrane Science
JF - Journal of Membrane Science


text:
import json,os,sys,re

states = json.loads(open("STATES.json").read())

districts = json.loads(open("DISTRICTS.json").read())

#circuits = json.loads(open("CIRCUITS.json").read())

for stateCode in os.listdir("data/courts/us/federal/state"):
    if len(stateCode) > 2: continue
    stateName = states[stateCode]
    for districtCode in os.listdir("data/courts/us/federal/state/%s" % stateCode):
        if len(districtCode) > 1: continue
        districtName = districts[districtCode]
        print districtCode
        fh = open("data/courts/us/federal/state/%s/%s/index.txt" % (stateCode,districtCode), "w+")
        fh.write(".. category:: %s\n   :category-id: us;federal;state;%s;%s" % (districtName, stateCode, districtCode))
        fh.close()


A mentally ill patient in Afghanistan at the Mia Ali Baba holy shrine in the village of Samar Khel. The mentally ill are thought to be possessed by demons so they're chained for 40 days.
That's the proportion of development assistance that goes to mental illness prevention, care and treatment, according to Daniel Vigo. It's $1.5 billion of the $372 billion dollar total health assistance spending over the last 15 years.
Vigo, a psychologist and psychiatrist at Harvard, believes that more money is needed. And he also believes that one reason the percentage is so low is that the world doesn't do a good job assessing the number of people who suffer from mental illness and the disability and the premature death that results.
Those lost years — years when a person can't work, can't take part in family life — and those earlier-than-expected deaths are what's called the "global burden of mental illness."
"When you have a burden that is undercounted, the result is you have less attention, you have less money and you have worse service," he says.
Vigo, along with Rifat Atun, also of Harvard, and Graham Thornicroft of King's College in London, co-authored an eye-opening analysis published this month in the journal Lancet Psychiatry. They reinterpreted the data about illnesses and deaths collected over the last two decades as part of something called the Global Burden of Disease Study. And they've concluded that the number of people affected by mental illness is greater than has been thought.
A spokesperson for that study says it's fine to look at different ways to interpret the data — that the numbers are there to work with.
We asked Vigo why he and his colleagues took on the task, and what they hope will result from their reanalysis.
Vigo says it's because previous analyses defined mental illnesses very narrowly. He and his colleagues believe that the narrow definition led to an undercount of the true burden. "When you have a burden that is undercounted, the result is you have less attention, you have less money and you have worse service," he says.
He's seen the results of inadequate or absent service firsthand, caring for patients in Latin America and Southeast Asia as well as the U.S. That's left him with memories of a people such as a 16-year-old girl in Buenos Aires who'd been locked up nearly two years, "away from family, friends and school, because she kept injuring herself." He's seen families break down and go broke under the pressure of years of dealing with a sick child, husband or mother.
How did you do the recount?
The benchmark numbers come from the Global Burden of Disease Study, a monumental piece of work involving more than 500 researchers in 50 countries who periodically collect data about illness and deaths all over the world. Vigo and his colleagues used the raw data from the study but categorized the numbers differently.
"For example, at the global level, suicides were counted as injuries, and they sat there along with traffic accidents," he says. But because the vast majority of suicides result from depression, Vigo and his colleagues counted suicide and self-harm in the mental illness column, not in the accidents column.
And they added 30 percent of the burden of chronic pain syndromes, because conditions like fibromyalgia, low back pain and other problems with no outward physical injuries are frequently a component of mental disorders, not of musculoskeletal illness. They also included some neurologic conditions such as dementias, migraines and epilepsy.
Was there any pushback for including dementias, migraines and epilepsy in the category of mental illness? Have others disagreed with this?
"We expect it to be an ongoing debate and an ongoing challenge," Vigo says. "People would rather be considered as having any other kind of illness then mental illness, that's completely understandable." Nonetheless, he feels that the impact of these conditions can lead to mental health issues.
"We are guided by where the burden presents itself both from a clinical and service delivery perspective," he says. The pain and emotional distress of dementia, for example, can affect one's ability to interact with others and to feel mentally stable and healthy.
So what were your final estimates of the global burden of mental illnesses?
In the traditional way of counting, the years that people around the world live with pain and suffering from mental illnesses account for 21 percent of global disabilities. "With our assumptions, the actual result is that 32 percent of global disability is a direct result of mental illnesses," Vigo says. Another way to think about it is this: The original analysis blames a fifth of all disability on mental illnesses. The new analysis blames nearly a third of disability on mental illnesses.
"All these people can literally find a different life with proper care," Vigo says.
Do you think you got a full count of the burden of mental illness?
No doubt here. The answer is no, says Vigo, for several reasons.
"There wasn't enough information on disabilities resulting from personality disorders such as borderline or paranoid personality disorder," he says. "Personality disorders are dramatically understudied despite being amongst the most frequent mental disorders."
And they were unable to count "indirect deaths." Take schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia die 15 to 30 years younger than if the average lifespan for their country. Tobacco use causes some of those deaths: Smoking is common among people with schizophrenia, who may be trying to self-medicate with nicotine, and people with schizophrenia seldom get medical advice and treatment for tobacco addiction.
And without very careful attention, people with schizophrenia can suffer from the drugs they take. "Medications for schizophrenia can cause metabolic syndrome," Vigo says. Metabolic syndrome is a collection of symptoms, such as obesity and cholesterol abnormalities, that make people prone to heart disease.
The death of a 45-year-old man with schizophrenia is counted as a heart disease death. "But the whole process that led to that death is not actually cardiovascular disease," says Vigo. "It's schizophrenia."
Then there are difficult-to-measure indirect effects. "An untreated depressed mother might find it impossible to provide the necessary care for her children," he says. "I have seen families break down and go broke under the pressure of dealing with a mentally ill child, husband, or mother, in the absence of proper services."
Such economic and social hardship is not counted in the burden of disease measurements and rarely if ever shows up in national health budgets, says Vigo.
What's your prescription for dealing with the increased burden that you found?
"For a minority of severely affected patients — maybe a couple of percentage points — that will mean assisted living or intensive case management," says Vigo. "But in the vast majority of cases it will be simple measures given in primary care" — talk therapy and/or drugs.
Primary care clinics already see people with symptoms of mental illness. "Many diseases are associated with mental illnesses — depression often accompanies or follows cardiovascular disease, or pregnancy, or HIV, for example," he says. The movement he's calling for is already beginning to take hold in the U.S.: treating mental illnesses at the primary care level by having mental health workers on site or training primary care workers to diagnose and treat the simpler cases.
Vigo is currently working on a project for the World Health Organization and the World Bank to design and set up programs in low- and middle-income countries where people could get group or individual therapy, or drugs when needed.
Why are your findings important?
Vigo's bottom line is that the 0.4 percent of health aid dollars that go to helping countries deal with mental illnesses is not enough. "You cannot deal with 30 percent of the disability and 13 percent of the disability plus death with only 0.4 percent of the funds."
It will take some time to see whether the new analysis by Vigo and his colleagues takes hold in the global development world. With or without it, the topic of mental illness has been gaining momentum, and in April the World Health Organization and the World Bank will be hosting a high-level meeting on how to provide mental health services around the world.


text:
The Night That Meeker Died
From Cassock and Chasuble
Theology of the Self
Too true are the aphorisms by which he said, "God is little if God is big; if big is all, if all is some, if some is any at all." And he spoke like this (circuitously), even though he was berated with beers to stop the nonsense and say a straight word or two. He often left the bars lathered in sudsy ale.
On this Saturday, his head was cocked, eyes simmering in their sockets and half the fire put out. But there was an ember or five still lively. It was a recalcitrant warm set against the overwhelming cold of a dry country winter. And not having a thing to eat (save a rind of cheese not quite five months old), he had little else to do in that drafty hovel but contemplate and snooze.
Which is how it all came to be. It has been said of thinkers that living life is the cure for their cerebral ailment, but when that luxury is denied, they wallow in thoughts until the thoughts become a substitute for living. Now it was the case that Meeker ran a shop on the corner of Eldridge and Pine, and it did him some good—both financially and cerebrally—but ultimately failed to make a profit. It's hardly an attractive sale, taxidermy, and few had use of it in such a small place. What was caught was eaten and the furs or skins turned to carpets and clothing. Any extra was sold and that was the honest truth. It might have done Meeker a better service to barter and sell the skins he acquired, but he insisted on being happy. Which meant, to his warped and somewhat creative mind, that stuffing the ugly creatures with a bit of this or that (rice, beans, hay, and the like) was the answer to life's search for happiness. It didn't help his cause to mount a large chipmunk in the window, eyes bulging out of its head in such a way that would put the great fear of God in you should you chance to walk by.
As can be imagined, the shop lasted but a few short months and Meeker was forced to sell the few skins and furs in his possession. Even the chipmunk was disassembled and given to a friend. He couldn't bear to have evidence of his failed enterprise.
It was after so many months of having hardly anything to eat, no means at his disposable, and rarely any friends that he came to be a masterful hermit. Tucked away in a slowly-deteriorating house on the outskirts of the town, he would spend his days foraging for broken wood and light whatever semblance of a fire he could. So we found him on this Saturday churning through thoughts like boats on a dyspeptic sea.
Until it flashed across his mind and, wet with drool, he snapped his head forward and stared brightly at the ever-dying embers of the fire.
"I've got it!" he managed to slur, wiping the wetness from his lips. What he got was anyone's guess, but it nevertheless afforded him a great celebration. So great, in fact, that in place of the usual one plank of wood that he fed the fire, he gave it two. And then proceeded to waltz around the room stockingless and filthy. All he wore was a raggedy, oversized night gown and a floppy night cap that had more holes than a block of Swiss cheese.
Lusty, resonating bass ushered from the cracks in the window at such a volume that the neighbors on all sides could hear him belting and wailing the unknown tune. The world knew of Meeker, and knew to ignore him mostly, so they simply shrugged their shoulders and continued on with supper.
But Meeker would not stop. His strides across the splintered planks of the floor grew wider and his leaps higher. And though his toenails were long and caught on every other plank, and though the splinters dug deeply into his heels and blood stained the dusty wood, he didn't seem to mind. Eyes wide, a smile brimming on his face, he circled and pranced and bellowed with glee! Until, in the very last moments before midnight, he collapsed back in his chair in front of the fire. There were flames flickering now, a growing heat emanating from the great hearth. In the din of the music and dancing, he had hardly noticed the moonshine piercing the window. And now, appropriately, it blanketed his face with its lustrous smile. There was no quiet in his eyes or doubt hidden in his face. The despondent Meeker had somehow fallen away. And though he was exhausted, and bloody, and hungry, he was never more happy.
He was, however, a bit too hungry. It was that sort of hunger which starts a day without food and then hushes the appetite. But it had been quiet for too long. His grumbling stomach gave way to its fate, and there in the moonlight on a quiet Sunday morning in the haze of winter, Meeker died of starvation.
There were a few who gathered for the dirge, but not many. I, with my eulogy scrawled on old newsprint from the basement, was one.
It is plain enough to say that Meeker was a friend. Though we hardly spoke before he died, I think it is fair to say we once enjoyed a very close friendship. I wish that I could say I understood the man and his busy mind, the way it turned corners without warning and came to conclusions I couldn't ever follow. But there must have been something deeper there to know, because he was a very true friend. When his once great dream of a shop closed its doors, I was the one who received the chipmunk that stood in the window. I never knew quite what to do with the thing, but I've kept it since that day. I think, in Meeker's memory, I will stuff it again and set it in my window.
You see, this was a man of thinking and not so much of speaking. Because, where there are so many and so complicated thoughts, words can hardly do them justice. Can I say that stuffing animals with beans and rice and hay was what he lived for? I think it was only a distraction. And never was he happier than when his thoughts had taken leave of him and he could simply live.
They say he died in the moonlight, a smile on his face. I can only imagine it was because he finally found a way to stop his thinking. And when that plague had finally left him and happiness revealed itself, that was the day he died. Nature is a cruel beast, but at least we can learn something from the man.
You see: I think he would have wanted us to feel a bit more than we think. I think—no, I feel that to be Meeker's legacy. May he truly, with a quiet mind, rest in peace. And may we all, God help us, live in peace.


text:
maker-eap-groovy
================

MakerEAP Groovy Version


Most of us are not our usual polite selves when we are tired, anxious, or in pain. Several topical formulations of entirely new drug candidates are also being explored. National Institute of Mental Health. 2 Apr. 2008. National Institutes of Health. 23 Apr. 2008. Moving company contract or receipt showing enrollees address. This is similar to when the lymph nodes in your neck become enlarged during illness. There are many other causes of bedwetting, Lakshmanan said. Antipsychotic medications, also referred to as neuroleptics, are sometimes prescribed to treat chorea. The condition is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, and the only one in the top 10 without a cure or reversible treatment.
Find out if your test, item or service is covered. Adems, los pacientes redujeron significativamente sus factores de riesgo cardiovascular. In most cases, the tumors disappeared entirely, something that had never before been seen in the treatment of solid tumors.
Absolutely reemphasize key points, but steer away from spending an abundance of time on the basic information. If you worry about feeling sad at holiday gatherings, try to allow yourself to grieve and maybe cry before going out. They develop tumors later in their lifespan and are very similar to humans. THURSDAY, March 17, 2005 HealthDay News Almost a year after rabies turned potentially lifesaving organ transplants into a death sentence for four people, scientists are evaluating what went wrong and what could be done to improve the system. It is based in the natural sciences, especially biology, but it also applies scientific methods to practical aspects of clinical medicine, such as testing diagnostic and therapeutic hypotheses. Servings of fruits and vegetables decreased each night the TV was turned on during the meal. They occur most commonly when either tendons the tough bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone or the lining of the shin bone become inflamed after absorbing too much impact during strenuous exercise. The challenge for doctors is figuring out how to treat brain symptoms when the most powerful antiretroviral drugs cannot pass the natural barrier that protects the brain. The role of topical retinoids in the treatment of pigmentary disorders: an evidencebased review.


All current ABT ( paid) members receive a ruler as part of the membership.
Replacement rulers can be purchased direct from Flow-Rite.
Please phone (07) 32993007 during buisness hours.
Hi Anglers, The official ABT Fishing Ruler ( part of the ABT Membership Kit) is now availble direct from Flow-Rite. http://fishingmonthly.com.au/bbimages/FlowRite/ABTSnapper.jpg Please call ( 07) 3299 3007 during 8 am to 4pm Monday to Friday for more information. Cheers, Flow-Rite Long Live Fish!
This forum is a new feature for advice and tips on keeping your FISH healthly and stress free for greater fishing and tournament success.
Please post any comments or questions here for information and help.


text:
Q: Is there a way to color boxplots based on group in hcboxplot()? I am trying to make boxplots using highcharter in R that all have distinct colors based on their group. I cannot figure out how to make all the boxes have distinct colors. What should I do to resolve this?
library(highcharter)
library(viridisLite)
library(dplyr)
hcboxplot(x = mpg$cty, var = mpg$manufacturer, outliers = FALSE) %>%
  hc_chart(type = "column") %>%
  hc_colors(viridis(15))

A: Since, at least for me, the link in the comments did not lead me directly to a solution, I want to provide my approach below:
library(highcharter)
library(viridisLite)
library(magrittr)
library(ggplot2) # just for the mpg data

hcboxplot(x = mpg$cty, var = mpg$manufacturer, outliers = FALSE) %>%
  hc_plotOptions(boxplot = list(
    # it's only possible to provide one single color. This, we want to replace in JS.
    fillColor = "red")) %>%
  hc_chart(type = "column",
           events = list(
             load = JS('function() {
              var chart = this;

              // dput(viridis(15)) and make it available as a list in JS
              var colors = ["#440154FF", "#481B6DFF", "#46337EFF", "#3F4889FF", "#365C8DFF",
                       "#2E6E8EFF", "#277F8EFF", "#21908CFF", "#1FA187FF", "#2DB27DFF",
                       "#4AC16DFF", "#71CF57FF", "#9FDA3AFF", "#CFE11CFF", "#FDE725FF"];

              // iterate over all data elements (boxplots) and change the desired property
              for (var i=0; i< chart.series[0].data.length; i++){
              chart.series[0].data[i].box.element.attributes.fill.value = colors[i]
              }
              }')
           ))

A: It works by setting hc_plotOptions(series=list(colorByPoint=TRUE)):
library(viridisLite)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)

hcboxplot(x = mpg$cty, var = mpg$manufacturer, outliers = FALSE) %>%
  hc_chart(type = "column") %>%
  hc_colors(viridis(15)) %>%
  hc_plotOptions(series=list(colorByPoint=TRUE))


The P.9000 automatic calibre with a power reserve of three days, created entirely in house in the Officine Panerai manufacture, meets a Radiomir case for the first time in the new Radiomir Black Seal 3 Days Automatic.
The Radiomir case in polished steel is 45 mm in diameter and has a black dial of sandwich construction, faithful to the traditional Panerai aesthetic with its alternation of linear hour markers and large figures at the cardinal points, small seconds dial at 9 o'clock and date at 3 o'clock. On the back, a sapphire crystal gives a view of the P.9000 movement and in particular of the oscillating weight which operates in both directions, winding the two spring barrels while the watch is being worn.
The P.9000 calibre of the Radiomir Black Seal 3 Days Automatic is 13¾ lignes in diameter and 7.9 mm thick. It has a balance which oscillates at a frequency of 28,800 vibrations per hour. As well as the time and date functions, the P.9000 is fitted with the device for rapid setting of the hour hand: a star wheel with 12 teeth and a small spring clutch enable the hour hand to be moved forward or backwards in clicks of one hour at a time, without interfering with the progress of the minute hand or the running of the watch. The same device is connected to the date, which is adjusted automatically when the hour hand is moved forward or backward past midnight.
The Radiomir Black Seal 3 Days Automatic (PAM00388) is fitted with a black alligator strap, attached to the case by wire loop strap attachments which can be removed (patented Officine Panerai), enabling the strap to be easily replaced.
Automatic mechanical, Panerai P.9000 calibre, executed entirely by Panerai, 13¾ lignes, 7.9 mm thick, 28 jewels, Glucydur® balance, 28,800 alternations/hour.
Power reserve 3 days, two barrels.
Hours, minutes, small seconds, date.
Diameter 45 mm, AISI 316L polished steel with removable wire loop strap attachments (patented).
Screw-down winding crown personalised OP.
Black with luminous Arabic numerals and hour markers.
Date at 3 o'clock, seconds at 9 o'clock.
Sapphire, formed of corundum, 1.9 mm thick.
PANERAI personalised alligator strap and large-size polished steel buckle.
* Officine Panerai is not the owner of the Glucydur® and Incabloc® trademarks.


As part of its efforts to convince the world of its status, China has been funding an increasingly ambitious space program. Today, Chinese Academy of Sciences' moon exploration department announced that China would attempt the first-ever landing of a lunar probe on the dark side of the moon.
The 2020 mission, called Chang'e 4 after an ancient goddess, would be to study the geological conditions of the far side of the moon.
More importantly, the probe would help in efforts to place a radio tower facing out into space. Radio transmission from Earth cannot reach the opposite side of the moon. This means that sensitive instruments, such as a well-placed radio telescope, could be explore depths of the universe hither too unknown.
China also has plans to land a unmanned spaceship on the bright side of the moon in 2017. The mission will be a chance to collect samples but would also bring great prestige to the country. Only two other countries, the US and the USSR, have ever been to the moon.
There have been rumors that China is discussing the feasibility of landing one of its astronauts on the surface of the moon but as of yet no announcements have been made.


Essential Safety are specialists in the management of safety and health on large construction projects. Essential Safety combine extensive experience with specialist safety strategies to deliver excellence in safety and health management. The company specialises in safety management on large, complex and high risk construction projects for international clients.
With experience in project safety management in China, Singapore, Thailand and South Korea the company has in depth local knowledge and access to resources to deliver a quality service.
Depending on the requirements of the client we are able to engage HSE Managers, HSE Leads, Scaffolding Safety Specialists and HSE Advisers to provide a managed service.
With our established systems and strategies as well as access to a pool of qualified and experienced safety professionals, the company is positioned to immediately deliver a quality project safety service upon commencement.


text:
The pathway of cell senescence: WI-38 cells arrest in late G1 and are unable to traverse the cell cycle from a true G0 state
Robert Pignolo, Bernard G. Martin, Joseph H. Horton, Anne N. Kalbach, Vincent J. Cristofalo
Senescent human diploid fibroblasts have an undefined arrest state partially characterized by the differential expression of cell cycle- regulated genes and a failure to complete the mitogen-stimulated cascade of signalling events that lead to DNA synthesis. We present evidence that this arrest state precludes the entry of senescent fibroblasts into a normally reversible G0 or quiescent state. Both nuclear association kinetics and quinacrine dihydrochloride nuclear fluorescence show chromatin condensation patterns consistent with arrest in late G1 and exclusion of senescent cells from the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Steady-state thymidine kinase mRNA levels indicate that some of the signalling cascades initiated from a functional G0 state may be intact in senescent cells, at least qualitatively, and that this expression may represent an abortive attempt to complete pathways required for DNA replication. Taken together, the evidence suggests that growth arrest in senescent cells likely occurs in a physiologic state fundamentally distinct from that of the G0, quiescent state that is achieved by nonproliferating young cells. A full response to serum or growth factor addition, leading from quiescence to DNA synthesis, may require cells to initiate this traverse from a true G0 state. If so, senescent cells would be excluded from this pathway.
Experimental Gerontology
Quinacrine
Mitogens
Association reactions
Cell Cycle Resting Phase
Diploidy
Fibroblast
Pignolo, R., Martin, B. G., Horton, J. H., Kalbach, A. N., & Cristofalo, V. J. (1998). The pathway of cell senescence: WI-38 cells arrest in late G1 and are unable to traverse the cell cycle from a true G0 state. Experimental Gerontology, 33(1-2), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00090-9
The pathway of cell senescence : WI-38 cells arrest in late G1 and are unable to traverse the cell cycle from a true G0 state. / Pignolo, Robert; Martin, Bernard G.; Horton, Joseph H.; Kalbach, Anne N.; Cristofalo, Vincent J.
In: Experimental Gerontology, Vol. 33, No. 1-2, 01.01.1998, p. 67-80.
Pignolo, R, Martin, BG, Horton, JH, Kalbach, AN & Cristofalo, VJ 1998, 'The pathway of cell senescence: WI-38 cells arrest in late G1 and are unable to traverse the cell cycle from a true G0 state', Experimental Gerontology, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00090-9
Pignolo R, Martin BG, Horton JH, Kalbach AN, Cristofalo VJ. The pathway of cell senescence: WI-38 cells arrest in late G1 and are unable to traverse the cell cycle from a true G0 state. Experimental Gerontology. 1998 Jan 1;33(1-2):67-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00090-9
Pignolo, Robert ; Martin, Bernard G. ; Horton, Joseph H. ; Kalbach, Anne N. ; Cristofalo, Vincent J. / The pathway of cell senescence : WI-38 cells arrest in late G1 and are unable to traverse the cell cycle from a true G0 state. In: Experimental Gerontology. 1998 ; Vol. 33, No. 1-2. pp. 67-80.
@article{1ca7cff944bb438a947b3fbf2ade6f3c,
title = "The pathway of cell senescence: WI-38 cells arrest in late G1 and are unable to traverse the cell cycle from a true G0 state",
abstract = "Senescent human diploid fibroblasts have an undefined arrest state partially characterized by the differential expression of cell cycle- regulated genes and a failure to complete the mitogen-stimulated cascade of signalling events that lead to DNA synthesis. We present evidence that this arrest state precludes the entry of senescent fibroblasts into a normally reversible G0 or quiescent state. Both nuclear association kinetics and quinacrine dihydrochloride nuclear fluorescence show chromatin condensation patterns consistent with arrest in late G1 and exclusion of senescent cells from the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Steady-state thymidine kinase mRNA levels indicate that some of the signalling cascades initiated from a functional G0 state may be intact in senescent cells, at least qualitatively, and that this expression may represent an abortive attempt to complete pathways required for DNA replication. Taken together, the evidence suggests that growth arrest in senescent cells likely occurs in a physiologic state fundamentally distinct from that of the G0, quiescent state that is achieved by nonproliferating young cells. A full response to serum or growth factor addition, leading from quiescence to DNA synthesis, may require cells to initiate this traverse from a true G0 state. If so, senescent cells would be excluded from this pathway.",
keywords = "Cell cycle, Fibroblast, G, Senescence, Thymidine kinase",
author = "Robert Pignolo and Martin, {Bernard G.} and Horton, {Joseph H.} and Kalbach, {Anne N.} and Cristofalo, {Vincent J.}",
journal = "Experimental Gerontology",
T1 - The pathway of cell senescence
T2 - WI-38 cells arrest in late G1 and are unable to traverse the cell cycle from a true G0 state
AU - Pignolo, Robert
AU - Martin, Bernard G.
AU - Horton, Joseph H.
AU - Kalbach, Anne N.
AU - Cristofalo, Vincent J.
N2 - Senescent human diploid fibroblasts have an undefined arrest state partially characterized by the differential expression of cell cycle- regulated genes and a failure to complete the mitogen-stimulated cascade of signalling events that lead to DNA synthesis. We present evidence that this arrest state precludes the entry of senescent fibroblasts into a normally reversible G0 or quiescent state. Both nuclear association kinetics and quinacrine dihydrochloride nuclear fluorescence show chromatin condensation patterns consistent with arrest in late G1 and exclusion of senescent cells from the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Steady-state thymidine kinase mRNA levels indicate that some of the signalling cascades initiated from a functional G0 state may be intact in senescent cells, at least qualitatively, and that this expression may represent an abortive attempt to complete pathways required for DNA replication. Taken together, the evidence suggests that growth arrest in senescent cells likely occurs in a physiologic state fundamentally distinct from that of the G0, quiescent state that is achieved by nonproliferating young cells. A full response to serum or growth factor addition, leading from quiescence to DNA synthesis, may require cells to initiate this traverse from a true G0 state. If so, senescent cells would be excluded from this pathway.
AB - Senescent human diploid fibroblasts have an undefined arrest state partially characterized by the differential expression of cell cycle- regulated genes and a failure to complete the mitogen-stimulated cascade of signalling events that lead to DNA synthesis. We present evidence that this arrest state precludes the entry of senescent fibroblasts into a normally reversible G0 or quiescent state. Both nuclear association kinetics and quinacrine dihydrochloride nuclear fluorescence show chromatin condensation patterns consistent with arrest in late G1 and exclusion of senescent cells from the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Steady-state thymidine kinase mRNA levels indicate that some of the signalling cascades initiated from a functional G0 state may be intact in senescent cells, at least qualitatively, and that this expression may represent an abortive attempt to complete pathways required for DNA replication. Taken together, the evidence suggests that growth arrest in senescent cells likely occurs in a physiologic state fundamentally distinct from that of the G0, quiescent state that is achieved by nonproliferating young cells. A full response to serum or growth factor addition, leading from quiescence to DNA synthesis, may require cells to initiate this traverse from a true G0 state. If so, senescent cells would be excluded from this pathway.
KW - Cell cycle
KW - Fibroblast
KW - G
KW - Thymidine kinase
JO - Experimental Gerontology
JF - Experimental Gerontology


A very elusive Speyside distillery, rare to find in official bottlings, Dailuaine actually produces a very interesting and complex whisky. Given the richness and rounded character of the original distillate, only a few months in Pedro Ximenez casks were required to reach perfection, just adding a hint of tropical fruit and farmy notes to an already very intense malt. At the nose it's very mineral and waxy, with a slightly organic touch of damp earth and wood: a huge "old Highlands" profile, not austere but very traditional. At the palate, again the impression is more Highlands than Speyside, more malty than fruity or winey, with a very robust character of cereals, followed by pepper, mustard and a hint of oaky tannins.


text:
Q: Not recognised as "Arff data files file" I had .txt file and I opened it and saved it as .csv file.
Now I try to open it in weka and I got this type of error:
 Null.

A: Weka uses ARFF as the standard data file format.
Since you haven't given an example of your newly created CSV I recomend you reading
this about CSV files in Weka. http://weka.wikispaces.com/Can+I+use+CSV+files%3F
My opinion is that you should format your data as in the ARFF format, and you won't have any problem.
Here is a small example:
@relation ball

@attribute color {white, orange, brown}
@attribute diameter real
@attribute forma {circle, oval}
@attribute weight real
@attribute type {fotbal, pingpong, basket}

@data
white,10,circle,1000,fotbal
white,9,circle,800,fotbal
orange,1,circle,10,pingpong
white,1,circle,10,pingpong
brown,15,circle,1300,basket
brown,16,circle,1400,basket
white,9,circle,901,fotbal
white,10,circle,850,fotbal
orange,1,circle,8,pingpong
white,1,circle,9,pingpong
brown,16,circle,1350,basket
brown,16,circle,1401,basket


Getty Images' Shahar Azran snapped some pics of Bono, President Jimmy Carter, Jeni Stepanek, Kathy Sledge, Nancy Hunt and Nile Rodgers, and got DJ CherishTheLuv in the act at Hammerstein Ballroom, holding in a laugh because her assistant and event photographer, Jen Maler (who you see poppin' up in videos and epic photobombing) keeps cracking her up. Jen is the one standing guard by the DJ booth keeping partygoers with spill-ready drinks in their hands at a safe distance from the turntables and gear. She is also the one snapping action shots, handing out the lollipops, and taking down people's song requests.