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Obedience: Milgram (1963)
As a student, Stanley Milgram learned about Asch's conformity experiments and wondered if there might be a way to use them to study obedience to authority. Milgram later said, in an interview with Carol Tavris (Milgram, 1992):
How did Asch's experiment inspire Stanley Milgram?
I was trying to think of a way to make Asch's conformity experiment more humanly significant. I was dissatisfied that the test of conformity was judgments about lines.
I wondered whether groups could pressure a person into performing an act whose human import was more readily apparent, perhaps behaving aggressively toward another person, say by administering increasingly severe shocks to him. (p.xxxi)
Milgram went on to test this idea, and his experiment became famous. One reason it became famous is that Milgram released an educational film about the experiment called Obedience (1965). It showed scenes from the actual experiment. Decades after the experiment, this video remained one of the most-requested items from university audio/visual centers.
Milgram's experiment began with a meeting between two subjects and an experimenter (an actor wearing a lab coat, playing the role of an experimenter). One of the subjects was actually a confederate of the researchers, but the other subject did not know this.
The "experimenter" in the lab coat explained that the research was designed to study "the effect of punishment on memory." One subject was to act as a teacher; the other was to act as a learner.
The two subjects drew slips of paper to see who would be the teacher or the learner. Actually, both slips of paper said teacher so the naïve subject (the one who was not a confederate) was always chosen as the teacher. The other subject, a friendly-looking middle-aged man, said that his slip said learner.
What was the sequence of events in Milgram's experiment?
Now (the lab-coated experimenter explained) the learner would be placed in another room, and the teacher would read a list of word pairs into a microphone. The learner would listen through a loudspeaker in the other room.
Whenever the learner remembered a word pair correctly, the teacher would proceed to the next word pair. Whenever the learner made a mistake, the teacher would give him an electric shock. The shocks would go up in intensity with each error.
Milgram's "shock generator"
The researcher gestured toward a scary-looking shock generator on the table. It was lined with 30 toggle switches, each labeled with a voltage going from 10 volts to 450 volts. The switches at the high end, near 450 volts, were labeled Extreme Shock, Danger: Severe Shock, and (at the very end) XXX.
The naïve subject (the teacher) was given a sample 45-volt shock to convince him of the authenticity of the apparatus. It hurt, so the naïve participant (serving as teacher) had every reason to believe there were actual, painful shocks being delivered to the learner.
The learner was led to another room and, while the teacher watched, the learner was strapped into a chair resembling an electric chair. The experimenter applied electrode paste to the learner's arms "to assure a good electrical contact" and strapped the learner's arms to the chair so the learner apparently could not escape from the shocks.
The learner (who had previously memorized his part) said, "I think you should know that I had a checkup at the VA Hospital the other day, and they think I have a heart condition. Will these electric shocks be dangerous?" The experimenter, also following a pre-arranged script, responded, "No, while they may be painful, they are not dangerous."
The teacher and experimenter then returned to the original room. The learner was therefore out of sight of the teacher. As soon as the teacher was out of sight, the "learner" released himself and put a tape-recorder on the desk.
From that point on, the tape recorder was used to simulate the learner's voice, insuring that each teacher who participated in the experiment would hear the same words and sounds.
Now the fake experiment began. The teacher read the list, and the learner (in the next room) started by making correct replies. However, soon the learner was missing about 75% of the words.
After each mistake the teacher was supposed to call out the correct answer, state the level of voltage, and administer a shock. For example, the teacher might say, "Wrong, the correct answer is BLUE; 10 volts." Then the teacher would press the shock button, which was accompanied by a strong, electrical-sounding BZZZT sound.
Following the instructions given by the lab-coated researcher, the teacher had to move up to the next higher voltage level following each error. "Wrong, the correct answer is BICYCLE. 20 volts." (Bzzt!) Soon the learner in the next room (actually a tape recorder) was yelping with pain after each shock.
What did Milgram call "prods" and when were they used?
At this point, the teachers typically turned to the lab-coated person who was pretending to be the experimenter and asked if they should continue. The experimenter urged the teacher to continue with one of four prods:
1. "Continue please." or "Go on."
2. "The experiment requires that you continue."
3. "It is absolutely essential that you continue."
4. "You have no choice."
Given one or more prods, about two-thirds of the subjects continued to administer stronger and stronger shocks. The other third refused, saying things like, "Oh yes I do have a choice; I'm not going to continue."
The two-thirds of subjects who continued soon, at 150 volts, began to hear the learner yelling, "Get me out of here! I refuse to go on with the experiment! Get me out of here! My heart is starting to act up!"
This caused most of the teachers to turn to the experimenter with a questioning look, saying, "He's yelling in there" or "I think he's hurt." But the experimenter just repeated the prods.
What happened after the learner pounded on the wall?
When the shock that was supposedly 300 volts was administered, the learner pounded on the wall of his room. At 330 volts the learner (actually the tape recording) let out a great scream and fell silent.
From then on, the learner was silent. He could have been dead, for all the teacher knew.
But the experimenter urged the teacher to continue, saying that silence should be treated as a wrong answer. The teacher was asked to continue administering shocks right up to 450 volts, the XXX setting.
What reactions did the teachers have?
Milgram's subjects (the teachers) showed great distress as they went up toward the higher voltage levels and reached the 150 volt point, where the learner in the next room began to complain. But most continued to obey. The following transcript, with most of the prods left out, is typical:
150 volts delivered You want me to keep going?
165 volts delivered That guy is hollering in there. There's a lot of these [switches] here. He's liable to have a heart condition. You want me to go on?
180 volts delivered He can't stand it! I'm not going to kill that man in there! You hear him hollering? He's hollering. He can't stand it. What if something happens to him?...
I'm not going to get that man sick in there. He's in there hollering. Too many left here. Geez, if he gets them wrong... There's too many of them left. I mean who is going to take responsibility if anything happens to that gentleman? (The experimenter says he will take responsibility.) All right.
195 volts delivered You see he's hollering. Hear that. Gee, I don't know. (The experimenter says, "The experiment requires that you continue.") I know it does, sir, but I mean–huh–he don't know what he's in for. He's up to 195 volts.
210 volts delivered
240 volts delivered Aw now. You mean I've got to keep going up with the scale? No sir. I'm not going to kill that man! I'm not going to give him 450 volts.
(The experimenter says, "The experiment requires that you continue.") I know it does, but the man is hollering in there, sir...
255 volts delivered... [and this subject continued right up to 450 volts, the XXX setting].
What did psychiatrists predict, before Milgram started the research? What happened instead?
Before conducting the research, Milgram asked a group of psychiatrists how far they thought the average subject would go. The psychiatrists thought most subjects would quit when the learner started protesting, at the 150 volt level.
Milgram himself expected the subjects to stop quickly. Then he intended to replicate the experiment in Germany, where (given American views of Germany after WW II and the holocaust) he expected subjects to go farther up the scale.
As it turned out, Milgram never went to Germany. The American subjects in his experiment went much further than he expected.
65% of the subjects went all the way up to the highest setting. They threw every switch, including the one marked "XXX" at which point (they might think) they were administering jolts to a corpse.
In follow-up studies, Milgram manipulated variables that might influence the obedience phenomenon. Closeness or proximity between experimenter and subject was one variable manipulated.
For example, in one condition, the learner was seated in the same room as the teacher. At the 150-volt level, the learner refused to continue with the experiment and demanded to be set free.
The teacher was instructed to hold the learner's hand and force it onto the shock plate. Less than 20% of the teachers were willing to do that.
What was the effect of proximity to the "learner"? Authority of the institution?
Milgram also manipulated the authority of the institution. Most of the research was done at Yale University.
When the experiments were conducted in a shabby second-story office in downtown Bridgeport, obedience levels fell somewhat, from 65% to 48%. However, even in a little office apparently run by Research Associates of Bridgeport, almost half the subjects went all the way to the highest setting on the shock generator.
One powerful variable Milgram manipulated was presence of dissenters. In this version, subjects ran in groups of three at a time. Two subjects were confederates and one was a naïve subject.
When the shock apparatus reached 150 volts, one of the confederates stood up, announced he could not go on, and took a seat at the other end of the room. At the 210-volt level, the second confederate did the same thing.
With both the confederates now refusing to go on and sitting on the other side of the room, the experimenter made strong efforts to get the third subject (the naïve subject) to continue alone. About 9 out of 10 people refused to obey under these circumstances.
An encouraging finding from both the Asch research and the Milgram research is that dissent is powerful. When a few brave people speak out against obedience, it gives other people courage to dissent.
In what respect was presence of a dissenter powerful?
No wonder dictators are reluctant to tolerate political dissent. They understand that dissenters in a group can "break the spell" so others feel free to disobey as well.
Was Milgram's Research Ethical?
Milgram's research was controversial, in part because of the stress it put on his subjects. Many psychologists raised the issue of research ethics in connection with Milgram's research, arguing that it was not acceptable to put subjects through this kind of experience.
Milgram (1963) himself made it sound as if participation in the experiment could be traumatic. He quoted a person who observed his experiment and offered this description:
I observed a mature and initially poised businessman enter the laboratory smiling and confident. Within 20 minutes he was reduced to a twitching, stuttering wreck who was rapidly approaching a point of nervous collapse.
He constantly pulled on his earlobe and twisted his hands. At one point he pushed his fist into his forehead and muttered, "Oh, God, let's stop it." And yet he continued to respond to every word of the experimenter and obeyed to the end.
What is an IRB and what does it do?
Milgram's experiment stimulated discussion about the need to protect the rights of research subjects. In the 1970s and 1980s, universities and other research institutions put safeguards in place to insure participants would not face stressful or harmful conditions during research.
Proposals for research are now submitted to institutional review boards (IRBs) before research is ever conducted, to make sure no harmful manipulations are used. Such boards do not approve research that is potentially distressing to subjects. Milgram's research could not be repeated today.
To Milgram's credit, he took pains to make sure his subjects suffered no lasting harm. Milgram did debrief his subjects. In other words, he revealed the true nature of the experiment.
He also arranged a reconciliation with the learner as soon as the experiment was over. He asked the confederate who played the role to come into the room and shake hands with the teacher before the teacher left.
Milgram also asked the subjects after debriefing whether they were very glad, glad, neither sorry nor glad, sorry, or very sorry to have participated. He found less than 2% in any group said they were "sorry" or "very sorry." (Milgram, 1964)
In fact, the subjects who had been most obedient, going all the way to the top of the shock scale, were most likely to say they were "very glad" to have participated in the experiment. Perhaps they were very glad to find out they had not really killed a man.
What did Milgram say he found out when he debriefed subjects?
Milgram also had a psychiatrist interview his subjects a year after the experiment to determine whether they had suffered adverse reactions. No long-term distress was found.
Obedience or Engaged Followership?
21st Century critiques of Milgram's work seem to focus on three aspects of the research.
(1) Milgrim's transcripts of his research sessions were edited. We know this because he left behind audiotape archives. He omitted details that some present-day analysts find important. For example, Milgram might omit the word "Well,..." at the beginning a sentence, from a subject who dissented.
A 21st Century critic (Gibson, 2016) said the omission of that word "Well..." (and many similar changes in the transcripts) was very significant, because it was a rhetorical device signaling disagreement with what the experimenter had just said.
It showed the subject was arguing back with the experimenter and not passively obeying. Gibson's implication is that Milgram smoothed over his transcripts to make his theoretical position (that subjects were passively obedient) more plausible (Gibson, 2016).
(2) Milgram represented his research as a reaction to the Nazi holocaust. It was based partly on the widely publicized Eichmann trials of 1961, in which Eichmann's unsuccessful defense was that he was merely "following orders."
Milgram framed his work as illustrating that pattern. Subjects would "just follow orders" and deflect guilt or blame to the person giving the orders.
Not so fast, say critics 50 years later. Nazi guards reported no signs of distress similar to Milgram's studies. Some of them protested they were idealists. Their motivation was engaged followership, not obedience.
In other words, they agreed with Hitler's ideas about racial purity for the German people. They thought it was desirable to kill Jews, therefore they felt no conflict in carrying out executions, because they agreed with the goals.
What is the "engaged followership" idea?
(3) Milgram implied that the obedient subjects were the bad guys, similar to Nazi prison guards. They followed orders to torture a fellow experimental subject despite cries of pain.
21st Century critics portray Milgram and his associates as the bad guys. They were the ones like the Nazis, because they held a belief system (about the value of their research) that rationalized putting hundreds of trusting experimental subjects through traumatic and stressful situations, despite verbal objections.
Having made these new criticisms, several writers in the 2010s said it was no longer appropriate to include the obedience research in teaching materials about the Holocaust. Instead, attention should be paid to the phenomenon of engaged followership. People adopt an ideology that allows them to torture other people without guilt, as did Milgram and his fellow experimenters.
To support their revised view of Milgram, writers cite quotations from Eichmann ("I was part of the thought process. I was an idealist"). Similar sentiments came from an American prison guard, Private Lynndie England, court-martialed because of videos showing torture at Iraq's Abu Ghraib prison. England said, "We don't feel like we were doing things that we weren't supposed to do." (Nicholson, 2015)
These people were not torturing others because they handed off responsibility or blame to a superior. They did not express distress about engaging in torture.
Were Nazi guards or American guards conducting torture anguished about it?
They thought it was expected and OK. They agreed with the value system behind the torture and thought torture was justified by it. The American prison guards were caught because they took pictures of their torture and shared it with friends.
Nicholson argued that Milgram's research program was similar in justifying large-scale torture. It was not a small enterprise; it was cruelty on an industrial scale, ultimately including more than 780 participants in dozens of variations on the experiment.
Milgram knew the subjects experienced severe distress. Milgram himself said it "reached extremes rarely seen in sociopsychological laboratory studies (Milgram, 1963). Milgram also said the reactions of his subjects included "full-blown, uncontrollable seizures" in 15 people (Milgram, 1965).
This, Nicholson argues, is the real link to the Holocaust. Real-life participants in the Holocaust, like Milgram and his researchers, "knew exactly what they were doing and many were willing participants."
"How did it become "normal" and "ok" for a small group of scientists to subject innocent American citizens as a matter of routine to such extraordinary levels of abuse?" (Nicholson, 2015). The proposed answer is that Milgram created "engaged followership" in both his research associates and the experimental subjects.
What was the "engaged followership" analysis of Milgram's research?
Perhaps more surprisingly, the participants in the experiments were themselves recruited into engaged followership. "Once Milgram explained the nobility of the enterprise (in terms of progressing human understanding), participants became reconciled to, and even enthusiastic about, the role they had played" (Haslam et al, 2015).
In effect, Milgram helped his subjects re-frame what had just happened to them, as in cognitive behavior therapy for stress-reduction. When he debriefed his subjects, he led them to re-interpret what they had just done, administering torture, as a virtuous contribution to an important scientific experiment.
Like the people who witnessed horrible woodworking accidents but had their stress reduced by being told the videos were faked, Milgram's subjects had their post-traumatic stress reduced by being assured the shocks were fake. They were also shown that the learner was unharmed, reconciled with the learner, and assured that science had been served by their participation in the research.
As a result, Milgram received many letters from participants in his research, expressing thanks and saying they felt they had benefited from participating. Haslam, Reicher, and Birney (2016) say this happened because Milgram recruited subjects into his "ingroup cause."
If you accept this revised view, the real power of Milgram's research is not to explain how people can deflect responsibility to superiors, as Milgram himself assumed. The real take-home lesson is that "leaders, followers, and the institutions in which they are enmeshed can create worlds in which acts of cruelty against outgroups come to be seen as virtuous rather than vicious, and in which those who perpetrate them understand themselves to be heroes rather than villains." (Haslam, Reicher, and Birney, 2016).
Gibson, S. (2016) Developing psychology's archival sensibilities: Re-visiting Milgram's 'obedience' experiments. Retrieved from: https://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/930/1/Gibson%20in%20press%20QUAL%20PSYCH%20-%20ARCHIVES%20SPECIAL%20ISSUE.pdf
Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., & Birney, M. E. (2016) Questioning authority: New perspectives on Milgram's 'obedience' research and its implications for intergroup relations. Current Opinion in Psychology, 11, 6-9.
Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., Millard, K., & McDonald, R. (2015) Happy to have been of service: the Yale archive as a window into the engaged followership of participants in Milgram's 'obedience' experiments. British Journal of Social Psychology, 54, 55-83.
Milgram, S. (1963) Behavioral Study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371-378. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0040525
Milgram, S. (1964) Issues in the study of obedience: A reply to Baumrind. American Psychologist, 19, 848-852. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0044954
Milgram, S. (1965). Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority. Human Relations, 18, 57-76.
Nicholson, I. (2015) The normalization of torment: Producing and managing anguish in Milgram's 'Obedience' laboratory. Theory and Psychology, 25, 639-656.


Ohio State University has decided to suspend head coach Urban Meyer for three games at the beginning of the 2018 OSU football season. This follows a paid administrative leave during which the school investigated Meyer's mishandling of domestic abuse allegations made against former assistant coach Zach Smith.
Zach Smith was fired on July 23 after he was served a civil protection order on behalf of his ex-wife, Courtney Smith. The order, which was signed July 20, is effective until 2023. It prohibits Zach Smith from going within 500 feet of his ex-wife.
College football reporter Brett McMurphy detailed a series of domestic violations against Smith dating back from 2009 to 2015.
After Smith was fired, Meyer was asked about the allegations during the Big Ten Conference Media Day.
Meyer said he and his wife were aware of an incident involving Zach and Courtney Smith in 2009 while they were still married. Meyer said he and his wife, Shelley Meyer, "actually both got involved because of our relationship with that family and advised counseling and wanted to help as we moved forward."
A special board was formed to investigate Meyer's conduct. Throughout the investigation, more than 40 witnesses were interviewed. The board also reviewed more than 60,000 emails and 10,000 texts, in addition to relevant media reports, police reports, court filings, employment contracts, OSU rules, NCAA and Big Ten rules and applicable state and federal laws.
As a result of the inquiry, the board found that Meyer was aware of the allegations of domestic violence against Smith, and while he made significant misstatements about his knowledge of the allegations at the Big Ten Media Days, he did not deliberately lie in order to keep Smith on the coaching staff in the face of evidence of domestic violence by Smith. Investigators also felt he showed "a sincere commitment to the respect for women core values that he espouses and tries to instill in his players," the university said.
The independent counsel also believed that if Meyer ever came to learn or believe that Smith had physically abused his now ex-wife, he would have fired Smith on the spot.
OSU President Michael Drake said the board deliberated for ten hours on Wednesday before making a decision. Ultimately, the board decided Meyer failed to take sufficient action as a manager toward Smith and felt he did not uphold the high standards of the university.
Meyer is suspended without pay for the first three games on Sept. 1, 8 and 15.
In a press conference Wednesday night, Meyer said he appreciates the opportunity to learn from his mistake and will work hard to make the OSU football program better.
Ohio State athletic director Gene Smith was also suspended starting Aug. 31 - Sept. 16.


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Hon Ken Baston MLC
Former Minister for Agriculture and Food; Fisheries
Artificial reef on the way for Mandurah anglers
Recreational fishing licence fees to fund an artificial reef off the Mandurah coast
Recreational fishers are set to get their first artificial reef in the Peel region with the preferred location for a new reef off Mandurah now selected, Fisheries Minister Ken Baston said today.
Mr Baston said the success of the South-West artificial reef trials helped secure funding from the Recreational Fishing Initiatives Fund (RFIF) to establish another reef about nine kilometres off the Mandurah coast.
The Minister said the Mandurah reef, made up of 30 purpose-built concrete reef modules, would be deployed in an area that was double the size of the oval at the MCG, providing four hectares of habitat for fish to populate.
"This year, $604,890 has been allocated for the deployment of the reef, taking the State Government's total investment in the Mandurah artificial reef through the RFIF to $1.139 million," he said.
"This will be the first artificial reef to be deployed that is funded entirely by recreational fishing licence fees, which proves the fees are being used to improve recreational fishing.
"Recfishwest has advised me that a location has been selected for the Mandurah reef, following site surveys and consultation with stakeholders, including local recreational fishers and the WA Fishing Industry Council, which represents commercial fishers."
Mr Baston said the Government's artificial reef trials in the South-West had proved popular with fishers off Bunbury and Dunsborough, by attracting an increased abundance and diversity of species.
"Mandurah's reef will be similar to the South-West structures and is aimed at setting up a quality recreational fishing location, within easy reach of the metropolitan area," he said.
"The Government is committed to supporting the recreational fishing sector and the 740,000 recreational fishers in this State."
The State Government has now allocated $1.139 million to the artificial reef off Mandurah through RFIF in 2013-14 and 2014-15
Since 2011, more than $7 million has been allocated through RFIF for restocking, artificial reefs and research projects
For more information on the range of RFIF projects, visit http://www.fish.wa.gov.au

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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ITAT suspends reassessment proceeding that was initiated solely on the basis of an Investigation Wing report without applying Mind.
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ITAT suspends reassessment proceeding that was initiated solely on the basis of an Investigation Wing report without applying Mind
Facts and Issue of the case
This appeal filed by the assessee is directed against the order dated 27/04/2021 of the CIT(A) National Faceless Appeal Centre (NFAC) for Assessment Year 2008-09.
The grounds raised by the assessee are as under:-
The Ld. CIT(A) has erred both in law and circumstances of the case in upholding the reassessment proceedings initiated u/s 147 of the IT Act ignoring the contention of appellant that the proceedings have been initiated by the AO without application of independent mind on the material, if any, provided by the Inv. Wing of the department. In view of the above defects in the compliances the resultant reassessment proceedings are required to be set aside.
The Ld. CIT(A) has erred both in law and in facts of the case in upholding the impugned reassessment proceedings ignoring the fact that the sanction u/s 151 of IT Act has been obtained from inappropriate authority i.e the Addl. CIT, Range-18, New Delhi instead of correct authority i.e. Pr. CIT /Pr CCIT/ CCIT/ CIT, New Delhi and in the absence of sanction from the appropriate authority the consequent reassessment proceedings are not valid
The Ld. CIT(A) has erred both in law and in facts of the case in upholding the impugned reassessment proceedings ignoring the fact that the sanction u/s 151 of IT Act has been mechanically accorded by the sanctioning authority which is evident from the application of clause (b) of the Explanation 2 to section 147 of the Act initiating action u/s 147 implying that the AO failed to consider the fact that the appellant is already assessed u/s 143(3) of the Act and in such a case that the said clause has no application.
The Ld. CIT(A) has erred both in law and circumstances of the case in upholding the reassessment proceedings u/s 147 of the IT Act which is not properly initiated and therefore need be quashed as the appellants case is covered by proviso to section 147 of the IT Act and that being the case the AO has failed to give a finding as which material facts the appellant failed to disclose fully and truly during original proceedings and in the absence of any such finding, the initiation of reassessment proceedings and the impugned assessment order both are bad in law because such proceedings are as a result of change of mind by the successor incumbent on the same set of facts.
The Assessing Officer has erred in law in completing the assessment u/s 144 r.w.s 147 without issuing a notice u/s 143(2) of the Act against the return of income filed on 16.11.2015 in response to notice u/s 148 of IT Act issued by the AO and such non- compliance of the above mandatory requirement of law to issue notice u/s 143(2) of IT Act against return of income filed makes the resultant assessment order in appeal null and void- ab-initio.
The impugned assessment is invalid and without jurisdiction as the said assessment is completed without complying with legal requirements of the provisions of section 147/148 of the Income Tax Act therefore such assessment is void ab initio and liable to be quashed.
The Ld. CIT(A) on the facts and circumstances of the case has erred in upholding the validity of impugned assessment order passed u/s 143(3)/147 of the Act on the ground that the AO was not entitled to take cognizance of the material seized from the third party by invoking provisions of sec 147/148 of the Act ignoring the specific provision u/s 153C of the Act dealing with such material.
The Ld CIT(A) has erred in law and in facts of the case in upholding the legality of the order of assessment as the same has been passed beyond the period of limitation prescribed u/s 153(1) of the IT Act.
The Ld. CIT(A) has erred both in law and circumstances of the cases in upholding the addition of Rs. 15,00,000/- u/s 68 of the IT Act holding the share capital as unexplained cash credit ignoring the fact that the assessee has discharged its initial onus u/s 68 of the IT Act explaining nature and source of the credits by filing requisite documents during assessment proceedings.
The Ld. CIT(A) has erred both in law and circumstances of the cases in reliance on the material to take view adverse to the appellant without confronting the same and therefore action of the AO is in contravention of the principals of natural justice.
The Ld. CIT(A) has erred both in law and circumstances of the cases in upholding action of the assessing officer in making an addition of Rs.27,000/- being 1.8% of the alleged accommodation entries of Rs. 15,00,000/- is arbitrary and without basis and therefore need be quashed.
Subsequently, the AO reopened the case u/s 147 of the Act. Notice u/s 148 of the Act was also issued and served upon the assessee. The assessee vide letter dated 16.11.2015 submitted that the return of income already filed u/s 139 may be treated as return filed in response to notice u/s 148 of the Act. Subsequently, the AO issued a detailed questionnaire to the assessee. Rejecting the various explanations given by the assessee, the AO made addition of Rs.15 Lakhs to the total income of assessee being the amount of Rs.15 lakhs received by the assessee from M/s Shalini Holdings Ltd. as income u/s 68 of the Act. Similarly, the AO made addition of Rs.27,000/- being expenses incurred for obtaining the accommodation entries of Rs.15 lakhs.
Before the ld. CIT(A), the assessee apart from challenging the addition on merit, challenged the validity of the reassessment proceedings. However, the ld. CIT(A) was also not satisfied with the arguments advanced by the assessee and upheld the validity of the reassessment proceedings. Similarly, he also upheld the additions made by the AO on merit.
Aggrieved with such order of the Ld. CIT(A), the assessee is in appeal before the Tribunal. The assessee has filed a condonation application stating therein that the appeal was required to be filed on or before 31.05.2021. However, the same has been filed on 11.10.2021, due to the death of the director of the company Sh. Vimal Bhageria on 25.04.2021 and the prevailing corona situation in the country. The ld. Counsel for the assessee submitted that the Hon'ble Supreme Court, vide its order dated 23rd March, 2020 in Cognizance for Extension of Limitation, Suo Moto Writ (Civil) No.3 of 2020, has extended the period of limitation in all cases in proceedings, in all Courts/Tribunals throughout the country with effect from 15th March 2020 till further orders ('Limitation Extension Order'). The Court had exercised its power under Article 142 read with Article 141 of the Constitution of India and declared that the said order is a binding order within the meaning of Article 141 of the Constitution of all Courts, Tribunals and authorities. Further, the Hon'ble Apex Court in the final order dated 23.09.2021 in MA No.655/2021 in SMW(C) No.3/2020 held that the period from 15.03.2020 till 02.10.2021 shall stand excluded in computing periods of limitation prescribed under various laws for instituting proceedings under respective laws. Relying on various decisions, he submitted that the delay in filing the present appeal of 133 days is not intentional and the same was beyond the control of the assessee and therefore the delay in filing the appeal should be condoned. After hearing both the sides and considering the totality of the facts of the case, the delay in filing the appeal is condoned.
Referring to the decision of the co-ordinate Bench of the Tribunal in the case of GM Overseas vs ACIT in ITA No.1891/Del/2020, dated 21.03.2022, he submitted that the reassessment proceeding has been quashed on failure of compliance of first proviso to section 147 on identical facts. Referring to the decision of the Tribunal in assessee's own case for AY 2007-08 in ITA No.2323/Del/2017 order dated 16.09.2020 he submitted that under identical circumstances, the reassessment proceedings were quashed by the Tribunal.
The ld. Counsel for the assessee in his another plank of argument submitted that the assessee vide letter dated 16.11.2015 (paper book pages 55 to 56) submitted before the AO that the return of income filed u/s 139 may be treated as return filed in response to notice u/s 148 of the Act. Although, this facts has been accepted by the AO, however no notice u/s 143(2) has been issued by the AO after 16.11.2015 before completion of the reassessment proceedings. Although, this legal ground was raised before the ld. CIT(A), however, he rejected the same on the ground that the assessee did not file any objection to notice u/s 148 of the Act and therefore the assessee loses its right to raise this issue in appellate proceedings. He submitted that the assessee in the instant case has raised objections challenging the validity of reassessment proceedings vide letter dated 18.12.2015 (paper book pages 44 to 46) and the AO had disposed of the objection vide order dated 03.03.2016 (paper book pages 47 to 49). Therefore, the observation of the Ld. CIT(A) on this issue is factually incorrect. Even otherwise also he submitted that the AO cannot be absolved from his duty to issue and serve a notice u/s 143(2) as per provisions of the Act as there is no saving clause given in section 143(3) of the Act. Relying on various decisions including the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT vs Laxman Das Khandelwal, reported in 417 ITR 325 (SC), he submitted that the failure to issue a notice u/s 143(2) renders the assessment order void even if the assessee has participated in the proceedings and the provisions of section 292BB does not save complete absence of notice. He submitted that the provisions of section 292BB to apply, the notice must have emanated from the department. It is only the infirmities in the manner of service of notice that the section seeks to cure. The section is not intended to cure complete absence of notice itself.
The court has considered the rival arguments made by both the sides, perused the orders of the Assessing Officer and the Ld. CIT(A) and the paper book filed on behalf of the assessee. I have also considered the various decisions cited before me. I find the assessee has filed the return of income in the instant case on 28.09.2008 declaring total income of Rs.18,230/-. The original assessment was completed u/s 143(3) on 03.12.2010 determining the total income at Rs.48,360/-. I find the assessment in this case was reopened on the basis of information obtained from the Investigation Wing, according to which, during the search and seizure operations u/s 132/133A in the case of Mr. Surender Kumar Jain and group of cases and post search enquiries/verification, it is established that the Sh.S.K. Jain, who is known entry provider and also in the business of providing accommodation entries to various beneficiaries companies, had given accommodation entry of Rs.15 lakhs from his company namely M/s Shalini Holdings Ltd. to the assessee. Accordingly, the case of the assessee was reopened by recording reasons which have been already reproduced in the preceding paragraph. A perusal of the reasons so recorded shows that the AO has reopened the assessment by invoking the provision of clause (b) of Explanation-2 of section 147 of the Act. Before proceeding further, it is necessary to reproduce the clause (b) of explanation 2 of section 147.
A perusal of clause (b) of explanation-2 clearly shows that the same is applicable in a case where a return has been furnished by the assessee but no assessment has been made and it is noticed by the AO that the assessee has understated the income or has claimed excessive loss, deduction, allowance or relief in the return. However, a perusal of the paper book filed on behalf of the assessee shows that the original assessment has been completed u/s 143(3) on 03.12.2010 by the Income Tax Officer, Ward-13, New Delhi for the impugned assessment year. Therefore, it is clear that the AO without application of mind and on the basis of report of the Investigation Wing and without verifying the assessment records wherein, the original assessment was completed u/s 143(3), has reopened the assessment. Therefore, the very initiation of proceedings by invoking clause (b) of Explanation-2 of section 147 renders the reassessment proceedings invalid and consequently, such reassessment proceedings have to be quashed on account of non-application of mind before reopening of the assessment.
Even otherwise also, court finds the AO after analyzing the various details filed by the assessee, passed the order u/s 143(3) of the Act without drawing any adverse inference in respect of amount of Rs.15 lakhs brought from M/s Shalini Holdings Ltd. I find the AO in the reasons recorded had merely stated that there is failure to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for the completion of the assessment for the AY 2008-09, However, he has not specifically mentioned which particular has not been disclosed by the assessee. This in my opinion does not satisfy the statutory pre-conditions provided in section 147 of the Act. It has been held in various decisions that the reasons must indicate how and why the assessee has failed to make the full and true disclosure of all material facts necessary for completion of assessment and mere repetition or quoting the language of the proviso is not sufficient. The basis of the averment or statement should be either stated or should be apparent or explained from the record. However, in the instant case, as mentioned earlier, the reasons do not satisfy which material facts the assessee failed to disclose during the original proceedings.
In view of the above discussion and considering the fact that the AO has invoked clause (b) of Explanation-2 of section 147 of the Act, which is not applicable in the instant case and further considering the fact that the AO has merely stated that there is failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for completion of the assessment without specifying which material, the assessee has not disclosed, especially when every issue was examined during the course of original assessment u/s 143(3) by calling information u/s 133(6), which was complied with by the investing company, court hold that the reassessment proceedings initiated by the AO and upheld by the Ld. CIT(A) is not in accordance with law. I, therefore, quash the same. Since, the assessee succeeds on this legal ground, the other grounds challenging the addition on merit is not being adjudicated being academic in nature.
In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is allowed.
Nishit-Fincap-Private-Limited-Vs-ITO-ITAT-Delhi
April, 22


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Hmmm.. I'll make one, but shouldn't the winner get to be ranked up to owner of the chat.. It would only be fair.
EDIT: Now, could you give us the link to the exact smiley you want please.
Well, could I please have the smiley link?
I'm making many chatbgs so I'll do this one after the KaLounge one I'm making.
One question, do ya want neon?
here you go...I haven't made the bg yet tho.
you said you wanted a background...& but now i realize you just meant the other background.
I can only see one hint of purple?
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And I thought it looked blue.. and I thought it looked good.
Answer this question, where is the purple on it?
I think cheesy means the stars? but they look blue to me.


text:
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The American KGB: The Department of Justice's Antitrust Department (Part 6)
by Richard M Salsman | Mar 14, 2000
The antitrust laws are based on the economic theory of "pure and perfect competition" and deeper, on the ethical theory of altruism, or self-sacrificial service to others. What do the laws require? What illegal behavior do they cite? What punishments do they endorse? The antitrust laws are as arbitrary as the "perfect competition" doctrine and […]
The antitrust laws are based on the economic theory of "pure and perfect competition" and deeper, on the ethical theory of altruism, or self-sacrificial service to others. What do the laws require? What illegal behavior do they cite? What punishments do they endorse?
The antitrust laws are as arbitrary as the "perfect competition" doctrine and as anti-business as altruism requires. Consider only those provisions relating to price setting. If a business sets a price above the prices of its rivals, it can be charged with "intent to monopolize." If it sets a price below those of rivals, it can be charged with "predatory pricing" or "unfair competition" or "restraint of trade." If it charges a price similar to those of rivals, it can be charged with "collusion" and joining a "conspiracy to fix prices."
In short, the minute you go into business, whatever price policy you adopt, you violate the antitrust laws. You're guilty for being in business as such. You're presumed guilty until you prove yourself innocent, a direct perversion of proper justice. Does this mean every enterprise is prosecuted under the antitrust laws? No. But the wide discretion and limitless capacity to attack anyone, anywhere, at anytime, gives the trustbusters enormous power. What, then, is the standard or signal justifying prosecutorial action? The trustbusters target those firms that it feels exhibit what it deems, subjectively, to be "excessive" pricing power, "excessive" contracting powers, "excessive" profits, or "excessive" market share. By "powerful" they mean: economic power is political power. By "excessive" they mean: more than what altruism and "perfect competition" can allow.
The trustbusters seek out and persecute the most visible "imperfections" in the market–that is, they seek out and attack the biggest, most distinct, most successful, most profitable, most widely advertised and most frequently patronized firms. The antitrust advocates call it "leveling the playing field" but it's really leveling of the ability, the skills and rewards of the players on the field. Objectivity entails the rule of law, not the rule of men and their whims. It provides a level playing field, but with the state as a referee, not as a brazen and biased intruder, running riot on the field, or roughshod over ability, in pay to incompetence, by changing the rules and the score at will to achieve his twisted aims.
There are other elements of antitrust law which codify altruist and egalitarian theories of perfection and sabotage business freedom. There is the "essential services" doctrine which says a product or service that becomes widely used and relied upon loses its private character and effectively becomes public property, to be shared with rivals and the government. If this is not penalizing success for being success nothing is. Here, the successful exercise of one's property rights, the successful creation and distribution of a product throughout an entire economy causes one to lose those rights, to be robbed of the product of one's creative efforts. These values are stolen and given to those who did not and could not create them. The wealth is stolen "from each according to his ability" and given "to each according to his need." That's Karl Marx's phrase; Marx, codified in law.
An example of the arbitrariness of these laws can always be found in the way the trustbusters define a firm's "market share." They define it anyway they wish, to maximize guilt. In a case against DuPont they said the firm monopolized the market for food wrap. It created cellophane. Few others made it as well. What's the market, cellophane? Why not define the market as all food wrap? Include aluminum foil, zip-lock bags, or Tupperware? Too big a market? How about the market share of these things, not in the US but only in Cambridge? Or only in the stores around Harvard Square? You get the idea. The government defines the market as narrowly as possible to show "excess share."
What about the interpretation of that share? Why is it called a "share?" Are markets fixed things, grabbed at by competitors? Or are markets made possible by and expanded by the producers? We're told, ominously, that Microsoft "controls" 80% of the market for operating systems for personal computers, that it has a "dominant" market share." Has it been forgotten that Microsoft made these products? That it owns them until they're sold? That the products were bought voluntarily? The right to private property means the right to hold it, to alter it, to exchange it–that is, to control it. Is a firm guilty of controlling its own property? To prosecute a firm for that is to obliterate the right to private property. Is that justice? Can a firm be said to "control" goods it sold in an open-market, goods now owned by others? How? Don't others have the right to their property?
I've not even mentioned the array of other antitrust provisions that violate simple justice. There are the retroactive elements–definitions of wrong-doing that are so murky, firms can't know in advance what they might become charged with, what they may be guilty of, when, or for what reason. That's called retroactive law, and its forbidden by the US Constitution. The rights of criminals are better protected than those of businessmen. Add to this the fact that most antitrust cases are decided by precedent–not what's written in the law itself, but what thousands of judges have written in thousands of antitrust case spanning an entire century. And it gets worse every year. And if all this were not bad enough, convictions under these laws bring heavy fines, dismemberment, even jail terms.
Two specific tactics used by trustbusters involve the consent or sanction of the victims. One is the old tactic of "divide and conquer," in which the government uses the testimony of one company against another, and then goes after the first company with the help of yet another. Thus Intel testified against Microsoft; as did IBM. Then the government went after Intel. This happens all the time. It happened at the start, a century ago, when the farmers were used against the railroads. The trustbusters count on threats, intimidation, extortion and revenge–you know, the tactics of mobsters. The other tactic is called the "consent decree." It's an oxymoron suggesting both agreement (consent) and compulsion (decree). It's a document drawn up by trustbusters for the signature of the target, telling it how to conduct its business, how to split it up, transfer patents, dismantle products, and refrain from competing. The decree is promised as an allegedly "easy way out," to preclude a full trial. And firms sign these, as Bill Gates did, in 1994. To sign an antitrust "consent decree" is to agree, voluntarily, to abide by the decrees and dictates of an unjust inquisitor. The decrees are equivalent to executing a death sentence for your own business, certainly for your freedom. For you write your own ticket for entry into the jungles of antitrust law. A businessman can't win. But that's the whole idea! And not even consent decrees preclude a full trial. IBM signed a consent decree in 1956 and was micro-regulated by trustbusters for 13 years before a full-fledged case, lasting another 13 years, was launched in 1969. That's a full quarter century of government oversight of IBM. No wonder it couldn't stay on top. Nor was a trial against Microsoft prevented when Gates signed the decree in 1994. In fact the decree hastened it. Gates passed willfully through the antitrust Gates of Hell.
The antitrust laws are the epitome of Soviet-style laws. They are an obscene hash of vague, undefined, arbitrary rules and edicts, of oxymoronic "consent decrees," forced testimony, presumptions of guilt, paid informants, show trials, retroactive penalties and jail terms. These laws, in sum, are a rank injustice–but one that's been perpetrated for over a century now against America's greatest producers. Perhaps the most grotesque, Orwellian aspect of their injustice is the fact that the Antitrust Department of the United States government is a division of the U.S. Justice Department. Trustbusters operate in the most unjust, unconstitutional, rights-violating bureaucracy in the entire government. It has been said that "if you build a better mousetrap, the world will beat a path to your door." Yes, they will–voluntarily. But under antitrust, so will Janet Reno–in a KGB-style campaign to exterminate commercial speech, freedom of contract and voluntary exchange.
Firms that are not yet even direct targets of trustbusters nevertheless engage in what's known as "self-regulation;" that is, in trying to anticipate and pre-empt trust-busting assaults, threatened firms selectively choose not to create products, not to expand operations, not to merge with other firms, not to profit "too much". Microsoft, you may recall, did this with its April re-organization, with it's decision in 1997 to abandon its planned purchase of Intuit; in 1996, when it invested $100 million in Apple Computer, a failing rival; in 1995, when it gave away some of its hard-earned technical secrets to competitors. Self-regulation is a hallmark of any totalitarian regime.
Do I exaggerate? Why would a top antitrust official himself, a man by the name of Lowell Mason who once headed the Federal Trade Commission, call these laws "a system of tyranny?" He should know, shouldn't he? Why would he be so candid? Because, as the former head of an antitrust agency, he is now finally free to speak the truth?
Injustice permeates every antitrust case ever launched, especially those against big businesses: Standard Oil (1911), ALCOA (1945), General Electric (1962), DuPont (1960s), IBM (1969-82), AT&T (1982), Wal-Mart, American Airlines, Staples, Intel, Microsoft, Visa & Mastercard (1990s). The list is a "Who's Who" of great American businesses. That should tell you that greatness, not coercion, is the target. Notice, it's precisely big businesses, the firms with the genius and the vast capacity to organize and mass produce on a large scale that create the products and services which are so widely purchased and used. But the altruists aren't satisfied when the masses receive such values, for the hated giants are still, to them, evil profit-mongers. As are firms of lesser size. They all seek to grow and profit. But lest you worry that the "perfect competition" doctrine targets only big firms, be assured that scores of smaller firms also are persecuted. There are hundreds of antitrust cases initiated every year. Mergers leading to as small a market share as 5% have been forbidden. Remember, no firm must stand out.
Antitrust says success is a sin. Here are a just a few representative excerpts from judicial decisions in three major antitrust cases tried in this past century (1911, 1945, 1995):
Standard Oil Company (1911): "Much has been said in favor of the objects [products] of the Standard Oil Trust, and what it has accomplished. It may be true that it has improved the quality and cheapened the costs of petroleum and its products to the consumer. But such is not one of the usual or general results of a monopoly and it is the policy of the law to regard, not what may happen, but what usually happens."[xii]
ALCOA (1945): "It was not inevitable that [ALCOA] should always anticipate increases in the demand for ingot and be prepared to supply them. Nothing compelled it to keep doubling and redoubling its capacity before others entered the field. It insists that it never excluded competitors; but we can think of no more effective exclusion than progressively to embrace each new opportunity as it opened and to face every newcomer with new capacity already geared into a great organization, having the advantage of experience, trade connections, and the elite of personnel." [Judge Learned Hand, presiding trial judge]
Microsoft Corporation (1995): "Microsoft has a monopolistic position in a field that is central to this country's well-being, not only for the balance of this century, but also for the 21st Century." If the Department of Justice does not break it up and transfer its patents, "the message will; be that Microsoft is so powerful that neither the market not the government is capable of dealing with all its monopolistic practices . . . Microsoft is a potential threat to this nation's economic well-being." [Judge Stanley Sporkin][xiii]
These opinions demonstrate how antitrust laws seek not to prevent force or fraud but to penalize success. The opinions twist every which way, in contradictory ways if necessary, to penalize. Note the use of the "essential services" theory in the Microsoft opinion. The firm has created products of such value and importance that even this judge recognizes them as "central to the country's well-being." Yet he says the firm's "a threat to the nation's well-being." Allegedly it's evil, like China; strong, like the US Defense Dept; dangerous, like a virus. Yes, the firm created great products, but the fact of its greatness is what makes it "dangerous." Its patents and products must be seized, to dilute its "power."
The black man from the Deep South was assaulted because he is black. For no other reason. Microsoft is being assaulted because it's the biggest, because it's the most profitable, because it's the most successful, because it's so widely-recognized, because its products are widely and productively used, because it's chairman is a young multi-billionaire and the world's wealthiest man, because it has thousands of millionaire employees and because its stock has soared. This is my main theme tonight: Microsoft is being assaulted, in short, because it is, not simply good, but great—the best in the business. Microsoft has risen above all competitors and mediocrities–not through force or fraud but through voluntary exchange and with no favors or handouts from government. Microsoft stands tall and its stands alone. Usually, it also stands proudly. To some, that is it's worst sin. After all, we're taught, "pride always goes before the fall." But if Microsoft stumbles or falls it won't be from pride–it will have been kicked, crippled and pushed into falling, because it's a success, because it has something to be proud of. The virtue of pride precedes no fall unless pride is met with envy and coercion.
Microsoft is in the process of being lynched, plain and simple. Even though it resides in the United States of America, in the nation inspired by Thomas Jefferson and erected by the founding fathers of constitutional liberty, in the nation that used guns to abolish slavery and reason to dispel prejudice, in the nation with "hallowed halls of justice"–it is receiving no justice. Justice consists of punishing the bad for being the bad and rewarding the good for being the good. Injustice involves punishing the good for being the good.
The above article is an adaptation of a lecture Mr. Salsman gave at Harvard University, in May of 1999. The print version has been edited lightly in order to retain it's spontaneous quality. Mr. Salsman has not reviewed the edited version.
[i] "What Bill Gates Really Wants," Fortune, January 16, 1995, p. 63.
[ii] Hatch: "It seems far better to have antitrust enforcement today than heavy-handed regulation of the Internet tomorrow." From a speech, cited in Information Week Daily, February 6, 1998.
[iii] Cited in Salsman, "Antitrust Returns with a Vengeance," The Intellectual Activist, May 1995, p. 13.
[iv] The Ayn Rand Institute, "Antitrust Assault on Microsoft is Immoral: Tanya Harding Approach to Competition is Anti-American," Press Release, May 22, 1998.
[v] Frank Knight, Risk, Opportunity and Profit (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1921).
[vi] Frank Knight, The Ethics of Competition (Augustus M. Kelley, 1935), p. 45, 48, 72.
[vii] Friedrich Hayek, Individualism and Economic Order (1948), pp. 114, 111.
[viii] Friedrich Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty (1960), p. 265.
[ix] Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (1962), p. 119-120.
[x] John Ridpath, "The Philosophic Origins of Antitrust, The Objectivist Forum, June 1980, p. 14.
[xi] M. Northrup Buechner, "Ayn Rand and Economics," The Objectivist Forum, August 1982, p. 6.
[xii] From the Supreme Court decision breaking up the company; cited in George Reisman, "Microsoft and It's Enemies: Which is the Monopolist?" March 30, 1999.
[xiii] Cited in Richard M. Salsman, "Antitrust
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Richard M Salsman
Dr. Salsman is president of InterMarket Forecasting, Inc., an assistant professor of political economy at Duke University and a senior fellow at the American Institute for Economic Research. Previously he was an economist at Wainwright Economics, Inc. and a banker at the Bank of New York and Citibank. Dr. Salsman has authored three books: Breaking the Banks: Central Banking Problems and Free Banking Solutions (AIER, 1990), Gold and Liberty (AIER, 1995), and The Political Economy of Public Debt: Three Centuries of Theory and Evidence (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017). In 2021 his fourth book – Where Have all the Capitalist Gone? – will be published by the American Institute for Economic Research. He is also author of a dozen chapters and scores of articles. His work has appeared in the Georgetown Journal of Law and Public Policy, Reason Papers, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, Forbes, the Economist, the Financial Post, the Intellectual Activist, and The Objective Standard. Dr. Salsman earned his B.A. in economics from Bowdoin College (1981), his M.A. in economics from New York University (1988), and his Ph.D. in political economy from Duke University (2012). His personal website is richardsalsman.com.
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You are here: Home / CTC Blog / The 2015 Clean Tech Competition Challenge is here!
The 2015 Clean Tech Competition Challenge is here!
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Inshoring (również backshoring lub reshoring) – zjawisko będące przeciwieństwem offshoringu. Polega na przeniesieniu na teren danego państwa działalności prowadzonej poprzednio w innym kraju.

Opis
Inshoring ma swe uzasadnienie ekonomiczne wtedy, gdy zagraniczni dostawcy procesów nie są konkurencyjni wobec dostawców krajowych, np. w wyniku wzrostu kosztów pracy na rynkach zewnętrznych, lub spadku cen danej usługi w gospodarce wewnętrznej. Innymi powodami przemawiającymi na rzecz inshoringu, zamiast offshoringu są też zapewnienie jakości i innowacji.

Przypisy

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O Concílio de Roma ou Sínodo de Roma foi um concílio regional da Igreja antiga realizado em 382, sob a autoridade do Papa Dâmaso I. Os assuntos abordados foram os livros bíblicos aceitos pela Igreja e a autoridade papal. Sua importância encontra-se no fato de que o Decretum Gelasianum do Papa Gelásio I (492-496), que oferece uma lista de livros canónicos da Bíblia, foi baseado nele.

História
No ano anterior, o imperador Teodósio I tinha apontado um candidato pouco popular, Nectário. Os bispos ocidentais se opuseram ao resultado da eleição e pediram um sínodo comum para o ocidente e o oriente para resolver a sucessão ao trono de Constantinopla. Por isso, Teodósio, logo após o término do Primeiro Concílio de Constantinopla em 381 d.C., convocou os bispos do império para um novo sínodo na cidade. Quase todos os bispos que compareceram ao concílio anterior se reuniram novamente no início do verão de 382 d.C. Logo ao chegarem, receberam uma carta vinda do sínodo de Milão, convidando-os para um grande concílio geral em Roma. Eles responderam que não iriam pois não tinham feito preparação alguma para uma viagem tão longa. Porém, enviaram três representantes - Siríaco, Eusébio e Prisciano - com uma carta para o Papa Dâmaso, para Ambrósio de Milão e outros bispos então reunidos no sínodo em Roma.

O sínodo romano para o qual a carta fora endereçada era o quinto sob Dâmaso. Nenhum relato formal restou dos procedimentos e nem como seus membros trataram a questão de Nectário. Teodósio enviou comissários a Roma para apoiar seu sínodo.

Este sínodo histórico em Roma ganhou importância adicional muito depois. De acordo com um documento que estava anexado a alguns manuscritos do assim chamado Decretum Gelasianum e sozinho em outros, neste concílio a autoridade do cânon bíblico do Novo e do Antigo Testamento teriam sido confirmadas por um decreto. O documento foi pela primeira vez conectado a este concílio em Roma em 1794, quando o frade Faustino Arévalo (1747 - 1824), o editor das obras de Célio Sedúlio, defendeu sua teoria de que os três primeiros capítulos entre os cinco do Decretum eram na realidade decretos de um concílio romano realizado um século antes de Papa Gelásio I, sob Dâmaso, em 382 d.C.

As conclusões de Arevalo foram amplamente aceitas e o texto destes três primeiros capítulos, agora com o título de "O Concílio Romano sob Dâmaso", tem sido republicado continuamente desde então. De acordo com esta teoria da chamada "Lista Damasiana", a lista seria a mais antiga lista ocidental do cânon bíblico promulgada por um concílio, dois anos antes da publicação da primeira versão da Vulgata.

A lista de Dâmaso
A "Lista de Dâmaso" emitida pelo Papa Damaso I, no concílio sobre os livros da Bíblia, é a seguinte:

Ver também
 Concílios nacionais, regionais ou plenários

Ligações externas

Desenvolvimento do cânone da Bíblia
Roma


Ecosummit TV: Smart green cities need intelligent lighting. At ECO13 London, Rolf Adam of Cisco talks about new business models for public lighting by making it intelligent. IP-based lighting infrastructure reduces OPEX by remotely managing and metering a large network of street lamps. When cities and utilities plan to upgrade public lighting to energy-efficient LEDs, they should also think about new business models that are enabled by the internet, sensors and smart algorithms. For example, the Dutch startup Tvilight implemented the brilliant idea of light-on-demand with the help of sensors that detect nearby users. If there aren't any people or cars present, the street lights are dimmed and energy is saved. The street lights of the 21st century may be used for wireless internet access, location-based advertising, traffic control, street parking, measuring air quality and, last but not least, charging electric vehicles as promoted by Berlin-based Ubitricity. The more services you want to integrate, the more service providers you have to bring together to make money with smart lighting.


Carbon Monoxide Alarms - The Honeywell Carbon Monoxide Alarm is easy to use, with simple installation and operation, with no wires or drilling required.
CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS-EFFECTIVE 1ST OCTOBER 2010.
Where a new or replacement fixed solid fuel appliance is installed in a dwelling, a carbon monoxide alarm should be provided in the room where the appliance is located.
Carbon monoxide alarms should comply with BS EN 50291:2001 and be powered by a battery designed to operate for the working life of the alarm. The alarm should incorporate a warning device to alert users when the working life of the alarm is due to pass. Mains powered BS EN 50291 Type A carbon monoxide alarms with fixed wiring (not plug-in types) may be used as alternative applications provided they are fitted with a sensor failure device.
The carbon monoxide alarm should be located in the same room as the appliance. a. on the ceiling at least 300mm from any wall or, if it is located on a wall, as high up as possible (above any doors or windows) but not within 150mm of the ceiling; and b. between 1m and 3m horizontally from the appliance.
• Affordable - competative price, a small price to pay to stay safe.
All flues should be checked for blockages caused by falling soot, bird nests or masonry debris - faults that will usually be revealed by sweeping. Sweeping should be carried out regularly - at least twice per year when wood or other solid fuels are being burnt, at least once each year if burning gas or oil. Acids or tars generated by wood or coal products are corrosive and can, in time, erode mortar or flaunching; any damage caused by this action can be found by survey as can other damage or holes which should be repaired promptly to prevent leakage of combustion gases into rooms or roof spaces. Air leakage into the flue will cool the gases, reducing updraught.
An efficient hearth must have a good air supply, a common cause of air starvation is excessive draught proofing or the use of double glazed replacement windows (the fitting of solid fuel or multifuel stoves should be carried out by a qualified fitter who will ensure that there is adequate ventilation). Additional venting may have to be fitted.
Use the proper fuel - for wood burning or multifuel equipment burn only seasoned hardwood - maximum 20% moisture content dried for at least one year.
When a cowl is fitted the fixings must be inspected periodically to ensure that the fasteners are tight, especially in areas subjected to high winds.


text:
Q: parrot os kde window line problem how to remove it how to remove this window line on parrot
last file to configured on my laptop is kwinrc

A: copy paste this default code to kwinrc
[Compositing]
AnimationSpeed=1
Backend=OpenGL
Enabled=true
GLCore=false
GLPreferBufferSwap=a
GLTextureFilter=1
HiddenPreviews=5
OpenGLIsUnsafe=false
WindowsBlockCompositing=true
XRenderSmoothScale=false
[Desktops]
Id_1=2a6f2e5b-cab7-4fbe-9d21-10d5e62f5b3b
Id_2=5290f1f7-f72d-4729-be3f-8476431a2d2c
Id_3=f76cb48d-ceb4-47c0-83bd-929aebb830de
Id_4=31de3aaa-9bd9-4f17-806e-4d1fec4b27d7
Number=4
Rows=1
[Effect-Cube]
BorderActivate=9
BorderActivateCylinder=9
BorderActivateSphere=9
[Effect-DesktopGrid]
BorderActivate=9
[Effect-PresentWindows]
BorderActivate=9
BorderActivateAll=9
BorderActivateClass=9
[ElectricBorders]
Bottom=None
BottomLeft=ApplicationLauncher
BottomRight=None
Left=None
Right=None
Top=None
TopLeft=None
TopRight=None
[Plugins]
blurEnabled=true
contrastEnabled=true
desktopchangeosdEnabled=false
desktopgridEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_fadeEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_fadedesktopEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_fadingpopupsEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_frozenappEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_loginEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_logoutEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_maximizeEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_morphingpopupsEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_squashEnabled=false
kwin4_effect_windowapertureEnabled=false
presentwindowsEnabled=false
screenedgeEnabled=false
slideEnabled=false
slidingpopupsEnabled=false
zoomEnabled=false
[Script-desktopchangeosd]
PopupHideDelay=1000
TextOnly=false
[TabBox]
BorderActivate=9
BorderAlternativeActivate=9
DesktopLayout=org.kde.breeze.desktop
DesktopListLayout=org.kde.breeze.desktop
LayoutName=org.kde.breeze.desktop
[Windows]
ElectricBorderCooldown=350
ElectricBorderCornerRatio=0.25
ElectricBorderDelay=150
ElectricBorderMaximize=true
ElectricBorderTiling=true
ElectricBorders=0
RollOverDesktops=true
[org.kde.kdecoration2]
BorderSize=None
BorderSizeAuto=false
ButtonsOnLeft=MSNH
ButtonsOnRight=FLIAX
CloseOnDoubleClickOnMenu=false
library=org.kde.breeze

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


First Session — Doren Day, L.Ac.
When you come in the first time we will have a conversation about what you'd like to see change. I'll also get a sense of the bigger picture, including your stress, history and general life stuff. Every treatment is individually crafted for your well being so it helps me to get to know you.
We will also be doing a treatment and energy assessment at your first visit. You will have my full attention for the entire time. These sessions last 1-1/2 to 2 hours.
It's also a chance for you to get to know me, to get a feel for how I do my work, and how it feels to receive treatment. Many (but not all) feel a difference right away from the first session. Bring your curiosity and questions. Skeptics are welcome!
Please do not wear make-up or any scented products to this appointment. Wear your regular clothes to your appointments. If clothing needs to be removed in order to access the points needed, you will be draped comfortably. Please bring your calendar if possible so that we can plan for your upcoming follow-up treatments.


text:
Preventing Painful Kidney Stones
Tags: health, healthy living, Mary Carpenter
WOMEN WHO MAKE it past 40 without having a kidney stone are likely to be free of such potentially painful objects forever. In any case, women have less than one-half the risk compared to men. Most kidney stones occur between ages 20 and 40 and more commonly in warmer climates or with vigorous physical exercise — anything causing more fluid lost as sweat and less as urine.
On the other hand, the incidence of kidney stones has been rising slowly, more than doubling from 3.8% in the late 1970s to 8.8% in the late 2000s, according to the National Kidney Foundation. Now one in about every 10 people will have a kidney stone during their lifetime. The increase has occurred equally in women and men, with a lifetime risk of 9% for women and 19% for men — and may be related to the epidemic of obesity, along with high blood pressure and diabetes.
Dehydration is a major risk factor, making stone-causing elements like calcium more likely to clump into stones. Darker-colored urine is the best indicator of risky levels of waste product concentrations. The National Kidney Foundation recommends drinking more than 12 glasses of water/day, more during exercise or in hot weather. A family history of kidney stones also increases risk.
The most common calcium oxalate stone is created when calcium combines with oxalates while the kidneys are producing urine. The current advice is to consume oxalate-rich foods — beets, bell peppers, spinach, chard, rhubarb, peanuts and chocolate — in temporal proximity to those rich in calcium such as dairy products, with the goal of binding oxalates and calcium before they reach the kidneys, in the stomach and intestines.
Another kind, the uric acid stone, is caused by gout with the recommended diet low in purines — avoiding organ meats, excessive alcohol and high-fat foods. Struvite stones are caused by urinary tract infections. The risk for all kidney stones is increased by a diet high in animal protein that increases uric acid in the urine, which in turn provides a good environment for stone formation.
For calcium stones, the biggest dietary risk factor is salt, which effectively pulls calcium from the body into the urine. For anyone over 51, recommended limits for daily salt intake go down from 2300/day to 1500 mg/day — the equivalent of ¾ teaspoon of salt. The average American's daily salt intake has been as high as 3266 mg/day. Sugar also increases risk, as does overconsumption of vitamin D supplements.
Kidney stones range in size from an almost imperceptible crumb to that of a ping pong-ball. They can cause intense pain in the low back, side, groin or abdomen, which is not relieved by changes in body position and often waxes and wanes in severity. Symptoms include nausea and vomiting, and sometimes difficulty urinating, urinary urgency and bloody urine. The first treatment step is OTC pain medication.
Most stones pass within 48 hours: those of 4mm or less have an 80% chance of passage, which goes down to less than 20% for stones of 5mm and more. Their passage can be speeded along by drinking large quantities of water. Juices high in natural citrate — limeade, lemonade — can help prevent chronic kidney stones and are often recommended as treatment. Larger stones that don't pass on their own are subjected to a procedure called lithotripsy that creates shock waves to break them up. The final alternative is surgery.
At the top of the salty foods list is bread and rolls; high on the list is anything with tomato sauce, such as pizza, pasta and dishes like meatloaf, and cheese. But the best dietary advice these days for health on almost every front is to avoid processed foods, because as much as 75% of the salt consumed per person per day comes from food that's either processed or prepared by stores and restaurants, leaving the unwelcome solution for many: stay home and cook from fresh ingredients.
Mary Carpenter is the Well-Being Editor of MyLittleBird. Read more about Mary here. Her last post was about the MIND diet.
2 thoughts on "Preventing Painful Kidney Stones"
Mediterranean diet, people!
Janet Kelly says:
Really! Pay attention, people!
« Losing Your Mind? This Diet Can Help
Busted: Myths About Arthritis »


BHEL is one of the few organisations which made its Quality foundation strong since its inception. During 1970-90, BHEL implemented Quality Manual for the entire organisation including responsibilities, systems, processes and procedures. Second tier documents like Quality Plans, standard technological procedures, process sheets, test plans and procedures, non-conformance handling systems were implemented during this period. Since then BHEL is foremost in Quality Planning, Calibration System and Quality Circle concept in India.
In early 90s, ISO 9001 came into implementation worldwide. BHEL acted fast to align its systems to ISO 9001 right from 1992. Today 30 BHEL divisions (Manufacturing Units, Power Sector Regions, Business Sectors, Engineering Centres, Corporate Office, Corporate R&D) are accredited for ISO 9001:2015 version (latest) by internationally acclaimed certifying agency. Each division has apex level Quality Management system manual followed by department procedures, work instructions. These are well linked to engineering documents, purchase specifications, product standards, technological standards, process sheets, test procedures, quality plans etc. Document control system is well established for computerised as well as manual documents.
Critical to Quality (CTQ) issues are identified right from order receipt stage followed by their incorporation in design and operational documents. Quality checks for incoming goods, in-process quality control, final checks and tests are performed as per approved Quality Plans and manufacturing procedures. Customer approvals are taken right from pre-manufacturing stage followed by hold point clearances during manufacturing and final inspection.
For erection and commissioning of BHEL equipment, erection and commissioning manual, O&M manual, Field Quality Plans are available. Every power sector region has well identified Field Quality Assurance groups to look into quality during erection and commission of equipment.
Beside this, the organisation has gone ahead to satisfy the requirements of Environment, Health and Safety through accreditation as per ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001. Today major IT centres of the organisation are certified for ISO 27001 and all major laboratories are NABL accredited. Several products of BHEL are also certified by agencies like Central Boiler Board, India; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), USA; Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS); American Petroleum Institute (API), USA; UL India and Lloyds Register.
To assess the maturity of a division with respect to Quality Systems, Quality Management Effectiveness Review (QMER) concept was introduced in BHEL in 2005-06. This is an approach for improving maturity levels of Quality Management System (QMS). QMER has been designed and developed to understand and mitigate the gap between a mere ISO 9001 compliant company and a world-class organisation. QMER combines the process of assessment, audit and evaluation of the QMS in a structured manner to assess maturity and leverage it for attaining better results and enhanced stakeholder value through structured action plans.
The major quality initiatives taken in the Organisation are Root Cause Analysis (RCA) system for quality problem solving in all units, Statistical Quality Control (SQC), improvement projects in quality, engineering, manufacturing and other areas through the IMPRESS (Improvement Projects Reward Scheme System) scheme. Strong management review at each unit, structured Internal Audit, periodic Process/Product Audit at manufacturing units and Field Quality Audit at sites, review of Quality Circles, focus on effective customer complaint handling, structured customer satisfaction survey across the organisation, Quality Data Capturing and Measurement system have brought excellence in our operations. Application of information technology in quality management, design/engineering, manufacturing and other functions have raised the bar of quality level of BHEL products and services.
Continuous R&D at manufacturing units and Corporate R&D Centre at Hyderabad, having various Centres of Excellence, are carrying out focused improvement in products and processes. Modernisation of manufacturing facilities, inspection/testing and laboratory facilities across the organisation are significant steps towards making the customers satisfied for BHEL products.
Apart from building strong foundation on basic quality from concept to commissioning, BHEL has adopted the philosophy of Total Quality Management in its journey towards business excellence. To give thrust to the movement for business excellence, BHEL has adopted EFQM model (European Foundation for Quality Management) of Business Excellence guided by CII-Institute of Quality. Major divisions of BHEL have been recognised under CII-EXIM Bank Award on Business Excellence since year 2000. BHEL-HEEP at Haridwar was the first Public Sector Undertaking division to get coveted CII-EXIM Bank Prize in the year 2006.
BHEL has taken immense effort in training the new recruits and retraining the experienced personnel in all fields with special focus on product knowledge and quality management.
BHEL is in the journey of excellence since several years and institutionalised many excellence initiatives. With "Customer Success" as motto, BHEL has taken challenge in continual improvement in all operations at all divisions. The major excellence initiatives taken up are 5S, Balanced Score Card (BSC), Performance Appraisal – eMap, Root Cause Analysis (RCA), Quality Management Effectiveness Review (QMER), Reward and Recognition System (IMPRESS and Excel Award), Facility Modernisation, Design-to-Cost Concept (DTC), Lean Concept, Integrated IT Systems, Knowledge Management, Benchmarking, Stakeholder Perception Surveys, etc. All these enablers are driving BHEL in the journey to achieve Zero Defect Quality in its all products.


This topic contains 6 replies, has 4 voices, and was last updated by Anonymous 10 years, 2 months ago.
As many who have read my posts will know I bought off plan in 2003 in the Aldea Hills in Manilva I bought a 2 bed for 163 euro and paid a deposit of 76K.
Now we are having difficulty getting in contact with the developer as we do want to complete.
Should I complete, I have to pony up 87K + IVA + legal, approx 103K. If I was to sell this two bed today whats it worth?
Maybe I could buy another one for not much more on a better part of the coast ?
The question is should keep my 103K + buy something else when prices fall further ?
Hi Conn, without build sizes its not easy to advise, but one in Vista Bahia very close to the sea (not beachside) went for 120,000 euros early january. 80sqm interior plus terrace parking and storeroom, thats the sort of price for a reasonable 2 bed with ok views.
Wouldnt want to comment what you should do, its a tough call but they are your shoes.
That is the sort of information I am looking for. It seems I will have not lost that much so if the developer plays the forfeit card.
On your other point I have heard differing reports re how much of the deposit the developer can keep in this situation, whats your opinion on this, will I get any of it back?
Here's my perspective on the situation.
The price I am selling at is still 10k+ Euros more than I paid for a larger (extra bedroom, more sqm ) frontline apartment in the same resort in 2003. I guess that shows how quickly prices accelerated in my area.
The forecast unemployment figures for Spain that I read the other day predict that unemployment will keep rising through until 2011 at which date the figure will stand at around 18%. I suspect these figures will be worse as I imagine an optimistic forecast was made as opposed to a pessimistic one.
Logically prices in 2011 are going to be lower than today. How low I do not know, but I suspect that I would have to reduce my apartment by another 30k+ euros to get the sort of interest I have today.
I made a bad call on my investment apartment (the other is a holiday home) and I am cutting my losses. A young Spanish professional couple are buying and it will be their first home.
My guess financially is if you walked away and cut your losses, waited for 2~3 years then bought your expenditure would unlikely to be higher than if you completed today. You will be buying in a buyers market as opposed to a sellers one. That will probably give you the advantage of getting what you want and not what's available.
But as Inez has said it's really your call.
Conn, speak to your lawyer as the contract will state what you may be entiltled to BUT this may also only be IF the developer delayed and not because you didnt complete.
Cant offer any additional advice to that of Inez but we are talking of 76k Euros!!. Dont mess around asking here what might happen, get onto that lawyer and get that contract read and double checked and triple checked by him. If he is no good get another from Marks list and get stuck in. In the climate we are now in the builder will do all he can to keep as much as possible. Even if you dont complete get cracking now and try and get back anything that you can legally do.
Sorry to sound harsh but its a lot of your money and the only correct answer will come from a lawyer with a contract in front of him.


text:
Q: Как вывести последнюю запись и просуммировать значения? У меня проблема с SQL запросом к MySQL: мне нужно одно поле просуммировать, а для другого вывести последнее значение. Таблица:
name        date    interested  made_call
andrew.h    2011-02-04      10        10
andrew.h    2011-02-11      20        10
andrew.h    2011-02-13      2         10
sasha.g     2011-02-11      5         20
sasha.g     2011-02-12      5         1

Это что мне нужно в результате:
name        date    interested  made_call
andrew.h    2011-02-13      2         30
sasha.g     2011-02-12      5         21

Попробовал написать такой запрос
SELECT a.name,a.date,a.interested,sum(made_call) as made_call
FROM `resultboard` a
WHERE a.attendence = 1
AND NOT EXISTS (select 1 from resultboard where name = a.name
       and id > a.id and attendence = 1)
GROUP BY name

но в результате не суммировалось ничего, а только выводился последний результат:
andrew.h  2011-02-13      2         10
sasha.g    2011-02-12     5         1

A: SELECT a.name, t.date, a.interested, t.calls
FROM resultboard a
JOIN (SELECT name, MAX(date) AS date, SUM(made_call) AS calls FROM resultboard
     GROUP BY name) AS t
     ON a.name = t.name AND a.date = t.date

Сам разобрался. Сделал "невозможное" ))

A: То, что вы хотите сделать, сделать нельзя. Вы пытаетесь смешать поиск и аггрегацию (ыгь) в одном запросе. У вас не получится. Делайте два запроса, как предложил kirelagin. Ну или делайте какой-нибудь хитрый JOIN из двух подзапросов...


The assurance that the government of the State of Osun was committed to the payment of the outstanding parts of workers salaries was re-echoed last week, as the Chairman of the Fund Allocation Committee, Comrade Hassan Sunmonu assured that the government would pay their outstanding salaries.
The Fund Allocation Committee, was set up by the Governor Rauf Aregbesola of the state, comprises of Labour leaders, government representatives and other stakeholders to allocate the government available fund to the payment of salaries, pension, allowances and other obligations.
Comrade Sunmonu who gave this assurance recently while appearing on the OSBC Television current affairs Yoruba programme, Kabenko commended the state government for using the funds available judiciously to take care of workers welfare and enumerations.
The labour leaders who commended the state government for the transparency brought into the system said, "there is no hidden agenda in government negotiation, if the money is available we are ready to pay all".


Today was the last game of the weekend series with the Colorado Rockies honoring Mike Piazza. For the our third game in a row we had to sit through a rain delay at the beginning. There was a light rain in the early afternoon that finally ended as the game started about 35 minutes late. In 2012 we received Mike Piazza bobble head dolls, but now only the first 15,000 customers get the giveaway. Thus fans who want the doll must get to the game a few hours early and wait on line. Once you get there early they likely eat the overpriced food. Tonight I looked on Ebay and saw the dolls were on sale for $86.
Getting back to the game - The Mets had a 3-1 which they lost. Neil Walker saved the day as he hit a 3 run homer in the bottom of 7th inning to give the Mets a 6-4 lead. Addison Reed pitched the 8th while Jeurys Familia ended a 2 game slump by getting the Rockies out in order in the 9th to get his 37th save.
In July 2009 and 2010 the Jeopardy seasons ended with categories about Bob Dylan. Today the show featured a category about the Beatles, It was called "Working with a Beatle". The correct questions were concerned with other musicians who played with one or more of the Fab Four at one time. For example, Elton John played with John Lennon in Madison Square Garden in 1974.
For the next 6 weeks reruns of tournaments over the last year will be aired. I think I need a little break from my favorite TV show.
Will The Mets Make a Move By the Trading Deadline?
Last season the trades that the Mets made at the deadline gave them a jolt so that they eventually won the NL East and got into the World Series. This season they are still several games behind the Washington Nationals and are competing with the Miami Marlins and the St. Louis Cardinals for the wild card berths. Their major problem is getting hits with runners in scoring position. I tend to doubt there is anyone on the market who can help the Mets in that category. Surprising a large percentage of their scoring has been done by the home run, so they don't need another power hitter. I think the bull pen has done well this season. Possibily they could get another starting pitcher to replace the injured Matt Harvey. Last season they gave up several good propsects including Michael Fulmer who is excelling with the Detroit Tigers. Is it worth it to deplete the farm system?
My prediction is that the Mets will not make any moves at the trading deadline this season.
I just checked Bill Pagel's Boblinks Page and noted that this leg of the Never Ending Tour stopped on July 17 in Gilford, New Hampshire. There is nothing scheduled unti Desert Trip, a new festival scheduled for Oct. 7 through 9 at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, Calif., home of the popular Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. The Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, Neil Young, and the Who are also sscheduled to perform at this festival.
In previous years Dylan toured all summer and fall until Thanksgiving and then took a few months off before resuming the tour. Could this mean the end of the "Never Ending Tour?" Please keep in mind that Bob is now 75 years old and may not have to stamina to tour as he did in the past. We shall see.
Today Mike Piazza became the second player to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as a New York Met. I will watch a recording of the induction ceremony at 8 PM, shortly after I finish writing this blog entry. You can see a summary of Mike's baseball accomplishments at Baseball-Reference.
Below is an excerpt from Mike's speech when he salutes the police, firefighters, and first responders who were there on 9/11.
Look who is not in the Hall of Fame. That low life threw at Mike's head in July 2000 and wasn't even thrown out of the game. In the World Series he threw a piece of a broken bat at Mike and was fined $50,000.
We woke up at 5 AM to catch a 7:50 flight from LaGuardia to Denver. The flight on United Airlines took off on time and there were no delays as we arrived at Denver Interntional Airport by 10 AM Mountain Daylight Time. That is some airport which really outs Laguardia to shame. It is so big that after we deplaned we had to take a train to the baggage claim area.
It is also a long distance from the airport to downtown, so the cab fare was a small fortune. We got to the hotel about 11 AM, but could not check into the room until 2 PM. So we walked around the business area. We stopped by the 16th Street Mall and found some restaurants and stores that we will check out later in our visit.
I have been a fan of Roger McGuinn since 1965 when the Byrds version of Mr. Tambourine Man hit the charts. He has had a distinguished career with the Byrds and later as a solo artist. In 1979 he reunited with Gene Clark and Chris Hillman and had a minor hit with "Don't You Write Her Off".
The Washington Nationals signed Daniel Murphy for $37.5 million over 3 years. Why couldn't the Mets sign him for that amount? I am sorry to say that Sandy Alderson really dropped the ball here. Murphy hit a 2 run homer in the first inning today to lead the Nationals to a 3-2 victory over the Mets. The Mets must beat them regularly to have any chance of winning the National League East. Murphy has now hit 7 home runs in 13 games against the Mets. Again the Mets could not mount much of an offense as their only scoring was by two solo home runs by Jose Reyes.
Back in the 1950s I watched the Adventures of Superman on WPIX-11. The re-runs aired on several TV or cable stations over the years. Right now the series is seen Saturday nights at 6 PM on MeTV. After all these years I never tire of the episodes. Lois, Jimmy, Perry White and Inspector Henderson still can't figure out that Clark Kent is Superman in disguise.
Over the years there were Superman movies and the TV series Lois and Clark, The New Adventures of Superman. The best Lois Lane has to be Noel Neill who passed away today at the age of 95. I found about her passing on Facebook from John Porcaro and from Bill Dillane through a private email. As you can see in the video below, she had other roles in movies, but distinguished herself as Lois Lane. I believe that Phyllis Coates who played Lois in 1951 is the only cast member still living.
I wish I was at Citifield today as the Mets creamed the Chicago Cubs for the fourth game in a row. For the second time in this series the Mets hit 5 home runs in a game. Wilmer Flores seen above hit two home runs and went 6 for 6 tieing the Mets record for hits in a game.
Wilmer started the season very slowly as he was the backup infielder. Once he played regularly at 3rd base, his hitting improved dramatically. So what happens when Jose Reyes is ready to come to the majors? I say keep Flores at third base and get rid of Alejandro de Aza who has played poor in the first half of the season. At that point Jose Reyes can be a backup infielder/outfielder.
I hope Sandy Alderson makes the right decision.
The disadvantage of buying tickets in advance is that you never now what the weather will be. It was raining at the time we usually leave the house, so we waited until it let up and arrived at Citifield at about 7:00. They were taking the tarp off the field as the game started at 7:20. James Loney and Asrubual Cabrera hit back to back homers in the second inning just before the rains came. We were afraid that the game would be called and the Mets would lose the lead. After and hour and 10 minutes the game resumed. There were home runs by Cespedes, Cabrera (#2 of the night) and Brandon Nimmo (first career homer).
By the top of the 6th the Mets were ahead 10-1 as the rains came again. Since it was a one-sided game we decided to leave at that point. When we arrived home the game had resumed. The final score was 10-2 as the game ended at 12:05. All's well that ends well.