text:
Reprinted courtesy of People's World
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – On September 14, the issues of race, class, and affordable housing converged in the powerful wake of an August 31 Black Lives Matter action which "condemned" Cambridge City Hall and handed "eviction notices" to every member of the City Council for their lack of substantive action on the affordable housing crisis facing working people of all backgrounds, and especially people of color.
Three of the "Cambridge 4" BLM activists and non-African American "accomplices" arrested at the City Hall action, including Mari, Drew, and Abraham, joined a meeting with members of the Committee for International Labor Defense (ILD) at the historic Center for Marxist Education in Central Square, Cambridge. The aim of the shutdown and the meeting with ILD was to bring attention to the interdependent issues of race, the lack of affordable housing, and economic oppression.
On behalf of ILD, Wadi'h Halabi welcomed everyone to the Center, giving both a historical and international context to the struggle for racial and economic justice, which he noted "always begins in the United States with the struggles of African Americans." Halabi continued, "The ILD rose to prominence as a result of its global campaign in defense of the Scottsboro Boys in the 1930s, and we are looking to revive Labor Defense to defend the working class and oppressed peoples around the world and right here in Cambridge."
Mari, one of BLM's "Cambridge 4" arrested at City Hall, spoke passionately to meeting participants about her home town. "I am from North Cambridge – this is my home, and I don't like what's happening here. My people are forced to move out of their homes to let the wealthy move in. We shut City Hall down because we're demanding a raise in Inclusionary Housing from 11.5 to 25 percent; we're looking at the City Council and asking that they permit MIT to build housing for 5,500 graduate and post-graduate students, which will free up existing housing for working Cambridge families. We want the City to use free land to build stable and affordable housing units, and establish a rent-to-own program. We shut City Hall down because not a single member of the City Council signed on to our demands."
Members of the Committee for ILD, the Communist Party USA-Boston, Black Lives Matter-Cambridge, local affordable housing advocates, labor, and students joined together at this event under the heading "Racism and Class Consciousness" to share their stories and build an alliance in response to the class war going on in Cambridge, across the country, and globally. This attack of globalized capitalism is directly responsible for skyrocketing housing costs in our cities and towns, and is supported by a system bent on making profits on economically oppressing, incarcerating, and abusing working people – especially African Americans.
Mari, Drew, and Abraham invited closer cooperation between the participants and encouraged members of ILD and other allies to follow BLM-Cambridge on Facebook for all the latest information on meetings and actions to challenge structural racism in Cambridge. BLM-Cambridge representative DiDi Delgado welcomed this coalition of students, people of color, working class folks, labor, and other progressives, to join with BLM-Cambridge in its regular Race Talks, Real Talk, Anti-Racism Workshops, and Housing Workshops.
As a part of its regular monthly meetings, ILD provides a safe space for labor, students and activists to engage in sharing information on current campaigns as well as learn from previous struggles. The educational program for September and October is focused on drawing lessons for current campaigns from International Labor Defense and the Scottsboro Case, taken from James Allen's memoirs.
Photo: Activists from Black Lives Matter Cambridge chained themselves to Cambridge City Hall on August 31 to bring attention to the need for affordable housing. | Black Lives Matter Cambridge
#racism #affordablehousing #cambridge #blacklivesmatter


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
First Game Played September 10, 1960 Last Game Played January 1, 1961* Moved to San Diego in 1961 *-AFL Championship Game
Los Angeles Chargers Page
Historical Moments:
1960: The Los Angeles Chargers are among eight teams in the new rival American Football League. In their first game on September 10th they overcome a 20-7 in the 4th Quarter to beat the Dallas Texans 21-20 before 17,724 fans at the Los Angeles Coliseum. The Chargers would struggle early losing three of their first games, but they would quickly turn it around winning eight of their last nine games to win the AFL Western Division with a 10-4 record. However, in the AFL Championship Game, the Chargers would be blitzed by the Oilers 24-16 in Houston. The season would turn out to be the only one in Los Angeles as small crowds at the Coliseum, led to the Chargers moving down the coast to San Diego.
Los Angeles Chargers Pictures
Played As:
Los Angeles Chargers 1960
Barron Hilton agreed after his general manager, Frank Ready picked the Chargers name when he purchased an AFL franchise for Los Angeles. "I liked it because they were yelling 'charge' and sounding the bugle at Dodgers Stadium and at USC games."
Sid Gillman 1960
LA Memorial Coliseum 1960
AFL Championship Games:
Division Champions:
Playoff Appearances:
Record in Playoff Games:
0-0 .000
Sid Gillman Coach 1960 Ron Mix OT 1960
1960 Record:
Back to Sports E Cyclopedia


Maui offers so many awesome activities it's sometime hard to pick your favorite, and if you're looking to get a loved one a special gift for their upcoming Maui vacation, it might even be a bit harder, so instead of spending hours trying to figure out what your friends might enjoy, you may want to get them one of our gift certificates, and let them decide! Whether they are looking for a luau, a snorkeling cruise, a helicopter tour, or just about anything under the Maui sun, MauiActivities.Com not only will have it for them, but we'll also give them the best deal around. They will not only SAVE BIG with your gift, they will SAVE BIG by booking it with us! It's simple, it's easy and it will be a BIG HIT, guaranteed!
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text:
Home » Europe » All eight dogs seized after woman mauled to death 'may be in kennels for a year'
All eight dogs seized after woman mauled to death 'may be in kennels for a year'
The eight dogs that were taken from their owners after a woman was mauled to death could be kept in kennels for the rest of the year.
The 28-year-old woman, who is yet to be named by police, was attacked while she walked the group around Gravelly Hill in Caterham, Surrey, on January 12.
However, it has not been determined which of the dogs were actually involved in the attack, or which one might have inflicted the fatal wound.
The Mail on Sunday reported that it would 'realistically' be at least 12 months before the pets are returned to their owners – and could be up to 18 months.
The newspaper said two pathologists were assigned to examine bite marks and scratches before they are compared to the dogs' 'dental forms'.
If any dogs are deemed too dangerous to be released, they could be destroyed by a court order.
It is believed the pack of dogs included two dachshunds, a cockapoo, a collie and a Leonberger – none of which are classed as dangerous.
The Leonberger is said to have been identified as Shiva, a dog that appeared on a BBC TV show as a puppy and was described by a vet in 2020 as a 'giant girl with the sweetest nature ever'.
An eyewitness to the attack said the victim was 'swamped by at least four medium-sized dogs, maybe more'.
The dogs were 'attacking her, pulling her at arms and sides and she was screaming and shouting', she added.
The witness said the incident was made even more chilling by the fact that none of the dogs were barking.
A second woman who is thought to have tried to help was taken to hospital for treatment after receiving dog bites, but was later discharged.
UK Covid death toll highest in almost six months as over 35,000 cases recorded
Why is Ikea struggling to stock shelves? Shortages in 1,000 product lines
Fearing Brexit, protesters gather along Irish border
Police swarm white van in hunt for gunman who killed 10 as suspect is pictured
A dog and a cuddly toy cow are helping in war, says Ukraine fighter


text:
Q: Zeppelin throws java.lang.NullPointerException when starting SparkInterpreter after adding Spark dependencies via Maven I'm trying to add Spark dependencies via maven by specifying groupId:artifactId:version in Dependencies section in Zeppelin's Interpreter console. Once I saved and executed a spark paragraph. A java.lang.NullPointerException was thrown, full log below
java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.Utils.invokeMethod(Utils.java:44)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.Utils.invokeMethod(Utils.java:39)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.OldSparkInterpreter.createSparkContext_2(OldSparkInterpreter.java:375)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.OldSparkInterpreter.createSparkContext(OldSparkInterpreter.java:364)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.OldSparkInterpreter.getSparkContext(OldSparkInterpreter.java:172)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.OldSparkInterpreter.open(OldSparkInterpreter.java:740)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.SparkInterpreter.open(SparkInterpreter.java:61)
at org.apache.zeppelin.interpreter.LazyOpenInterpreter.open(LazyOpenInterpreter.java:69)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.SparkSqlInterpreter.getSparkInterpreter(SparkSqlInterpreter.java:76)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.SparkSqlInterpreter.interpret(SparkSqlInterpreter.java:92)
at org.apache.zeppelin.interpreter.LazyOpenInterpreter.interpret(LazyOpenInterpreter.java:103)
at org.apache.zeppelin.interpreter.remote.RemoteInterpreterServer$InterpretJob.jobRun(RemoteInterpreterServer.java:633)
at org.apache.zeppelin.scheduler.Job.run(Job.java:188)
at org.apache.zeppelin.scheduler.FIFOScheduler$1.run(FIFOScheduler.java:140)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.access$201(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:180)
at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:293)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

I then removed that maven dependencies but the exception didn't disappear.
According to the log, it seems like Zeppelin is unable to start a spark interpreter, so I looked at Spark Interpreter log at zeppelin-interpreter-spark-zeppelin-development-cluster-m.log but nothing was logged when I ran a spark paragraph. Below is a Zeppelin log found in zeppelin-zeppelin-development-cluster-m.log
INFO [2018-08-10 13:24:53,036] ({qtp2110245805-15} VFSNotebookRepo.java[save]:196) - Saving note:2DM9MXZGM
INFO [2018-08-10 13:24:53,053] ({pool-2-thread-2} SchedulerFactory.java[jobStarted]:109) - Job 20180810-111509_373986425 started by scheduler org.apache.zeppelin.interpreter.remote.RemoteInterpreter-spark:shared_process-2DM9MXZGM
INFO [2018-08-10 13:24:53,054] ({pool-2-thread-2} Paragraph.java[jobRun]:380) - Run paragraph [paragraph_id: 20180810-111509_373986425, interpreter: sql, note_id: 2DM9MXZGM, user: anonymous]
WARN [2018-08-10 13:24:58,614] ({pool-2-thread-2} NotebookServer.java[afterStatusChange]:2303) - Job 20180810-111509_373986425 is finished, status: ERROR, exception: null, result: %text java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.Utils.invokeMethod(Utils.java:44)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.Utils.invokeMethod(Utils.java:39)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.OldSparkInterpreter.createSparkContext_2(OldSparkInterpreter.java:375)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.OldSparkInterpreter.createSparkContext(OldSparkInterpreter.java:364)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.OldSparkInterpreter.getSparkContext(OldSparkInterpreter.java:172)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.OldSparkInterpreter.open(OldSparkInterpreter.java:740)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.SparkInterpreter.open(SparkInterpreter.java:61)
at org.apache.zeppelin.interpreter.LazyOpenInterpreter.open(LazyOpenInterpreter.java:69)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.SparkSqlInterpreter.getSparkInterpreter(SparkSqlInterpreter.java:76)
at org.apache.zeppelin.spark.SparkSqlInterpreter.interpret(SparkSqlInterpreter.java:92)
at org.apache.zeppelin.interpreter.LazyOpenInterpreter.interpret(LazyOpenInterpreter.java:103)
at org.apache.zeppelin.interpreter.remote.RemoteInterpreterServer$InterpretJob.jobRun(RemoteInterpreterServer.java:633)
at org.apache.zeppelin.scheduler.Job.run(Job.java:188)
at org.apache.zeppelin.scheduler.FIFOScheduler$1.run(FIFOScheduler.java:140)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.access$201(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:180)
at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:293)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

I found similar posts facing the same issues but they are related to zeppelin unable to connect to Hive. I don't think that's my issue. I also ran spark-shell and it worked fine.
I'm on Google Dataproc image version 1.3.1.
thanks

A: I've managed to fix it. The problem is I added the following artifact https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/spotify/spark-bigquery/0.2.2-s_2.11 as an external dependency and it might have conflicted with Spark or Zeppelin libs. After removing everything in zeppelin.dep.localrepo which is /usr/lib/zeppelin/local-repo in my case and restart Zeppelin, everything is back to normal.
thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How many tracks can this manage? | Composer Catalog Try Fully Functional Demo!
How many tracks can this manage?
Composer Catalog was stress tested with 10,000 tracks on an Intel I7 CPU @ 2.00 GHZ with 9 gig of memory. That does not mean that it cannot handle more. I just stopped at 10,000 tracks, since this was developed for a single composer. The performance will be dependent on your computer.


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Our first audio effects plug-in is nearly ready for delivery. Spexx is a powerful tool for the creation of unique soundscapes, made possible by highly effective and precise algorithms for spectral manipulation of an audio signal. All packaged into a light-weight user interface, for the highest level of interactivity.
Continue reading to find out more about the newest member of our product family.
The pre-orders for I2C8 have ended. As of today, our new plug-in for highly interactive exploration of loops is only available at the full price. Final steps are on the way to finalize the software for delivery.
Read on to learn more about delivery date, etc.
For those of you who want to know what others think about our new MIDI effect plug-in, here is a review by Jerry Mateo from In The DAW. They take an in-depth look at the good and not so good of I2C8 and even include a music example they created with it.
Here is more information about their review.
As reported recently, testing of I2C8 (and equally Spexx) is going well. Besides a select group of beta testers and those people who made a pre-order of the software, we're now also inviting others to provide their feedback on it.
The development of I2C8 (chord generator) and Spexx (audio effects plug-in) is progressing well. A large number of items of the testing roadmap has been completed already, with the focus now on the final steps before delivery of the software.
Here are the details about it.
While we announced our new MIDI effect plug-in I2C8 some days ago, we did not provide any insight on the basic principle of chord generation and the technologies used so far. As it is an entirely different model from Liquid Notes, some explanations may be of help to understand better.
Read on to get more information on this.


text:
Q: From npm service SyntaxError: 'import' and 'export' may appear only with 'sourceType: module Project from source works normal when i use import { Smaragd, On } from "../../index";
After publishing on npm and import like import { Smaragd, On } from "smaragd" i got error log.
Some different from src package and test package:
    "@types/browserify": "^12.0.37",
    "@types/node": "^12.20.47",
    "babelify": "^10.0.0",

Package of TEST project :
{
  "name": "test-smaragd",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "host": "http-server ./dist/ -p 80",
    "build": "build-assets.sh | watchify hello/demo1.ts -p [tsify --noImplicitAny] -o dist/example.js",
    "dd": "watchify hello/demo1.ts -p [tsify --noImplicitAny] -o dist/example.js -t [ babelify --extensions .babel ]",
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "browserify": {
    "transform": [
      [
        "babelify",
        {
          "stage": [
            0
          ]
        }
      ]
    ]
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/browserify": "^12.0.37",
    "@types/node": "^12.20.47",
    "babelify": "^10.0.0",
    "browserify": "^17.0.0",
    "esmify": "^2.1.1",
    "http-server": "^14.1.1",
    "serve": "^14.0.1",
    "tsify": "^5.0.4",
    "typescript": "^4.8.4",
    "watchify": "^4.0.0"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "MIT",
  "dependencies": {
    "babel-eslint": "^10.1.0",
    "browser-resolve": "^2.0.0",
    "smaragd": "^1.0.2"
  }
}

ts config:
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    /* Basic Options */
    "target": "ES5",                          /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019', 'ES2020', or 'ESNEXT'. */
    "module": "CommonJS",                          /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', 'es2020', or 'ESNext'. */
    "allowJs": true,                             /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
    "checkJs": true,                             /* Report errors in .js files. */
    "sourceMap": true,                           /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
    "outDir": "./dist",                          /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
    "rootDir": "src",                          /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */

    /* Strict Type-Checking Options */
    "strict": true,                              /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */

    /* Module Resolution Options */
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "moduleResolution": "node",                  /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
    "esModuleInterop": true,                     /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */

    /* Advanced Options */
    "skipLibCheck": true,                        /* Skip type checking of declaration files. */
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,     /* Disallow inconsistently-cased references to the same file. */

    "lib": ["es2015","es6", "dom"]

  },
  "exclude": ["./dist/**/*", "node_modules"],
  "include": ["src/**/*"]
}

index.ts
'use strict'

import {
  getComp,
  T,
  Smaragd,
  IDestroyerComponent } from "./src/core/root";

import { IOnEventDetail } from "./src/types/global";
import { BaseComponent } from "./src/core/comp";
import { On } from "./src/core/modifier";

export {
  Smaragd,
  BaseComponent,
  On,
  T,
  getComp,
  IDestroyerComponent,
  IOnEventDetail
}

Error:
\test
> build-assets.sh | watchify hello/demo1.ts -p [tsify --noImplicitAny] -o dist/example.js

SyntaxError: 'import' and 'export' may appear only with 'sourceType: module' (3:0) while parsing G:\web_server\xampp\htdocs\smaragd\test\node_modules\smaragd\index.ts while
parsing file: G:\web_server\xampp\htdocs\smaragd\test\node_modules\smaragd\index.ts

Any suggestion ?


American auto giant, General Motors decided to pull the plug on its operations in India. Earlier, the company had announced plans of expansion into the Indian market by the launch two new cars the Beat facelift and the Essentia which were showcased last year at the Indian Auto Expo. The Beat Facelift was supposed to launch in 2017, which clearly never happened.
The company had already put a seal to its Halol manufacturing plant last month and will now only focus on exporting to other markets from its Talegaon manufacturing facility. Stefan Jacoby, GM executive vice president and president of GM International, said, "We explored many options, but determined the increased investment originally planned for India would not deliver the returns of other significant global opportunities. It would also not help us achieve a leadership position or compelling, long-term profitability in the domestic market. Difficult as it has been to reach this decision, it is the right outcome to support our global strategy and deliver appropriate returns for our shareholders." Chevrolet promises to continue to honour its guarantee and warranty services to its customers and dealers.
GM India had multiple occasions to bail out from its fall and it didn't really need to look far but that never happened apart from the exception of the Beat and Cruze for a while. GM's competitor Ford too proved that a company can sell cars in India only when they're made for the market. GM India on the other hand kept forcing incompetent products in the market at a time when the Indian consumer was partying with global car makers offering maximum features at the lowest possible price. There simply was no way this poor management by GM India could've gone forever and finally the carmaker decided to leave the Indian market.


text:
Litige | Assurances
Assurances et gestion des risques
Collaborateurs/ Collaboratrices
Evan Bawks
Sociétaire | Kitchener-Waterloo
Télécharger la carte virtuelle
ebawks@millerthomson.com
James D. Bromiley
Associé | Kitchener-Waterloo
jbromiley@millerthomson.com
Emily C. Durst
edurst@millerthomson.com
Patricia J. Forte
Associée | Kitchener-Waterloo
pforte@millerthomson.com
Helen D.K. Friedman
hfriedman@millerthomson.com
Theodore J. Madison
Associé | London
tmadison@millerthomson.com
Timothy J. McGurrin
tmcgurrin@millerthomson.com
Hermina Nuric
Sociétaire | London
hnuric@millerthomson.com
James B. Prior
jprior@millerthomson.com
Blogues/Blogue : Droit des assurances/Demetriou v. AIG: The Burden of Proof and the Requirement to Plead Fraud
Demetriou v. AIG: The Burden of Proof and the Requirement to Plead Fraud
19 février 2019 | Michael Prosia
Mr. Demetriou had a family heirloom ring appraised. It was worth $550,000. He insured the ring against theft with AIG Insurance Company of Canada ("AIG") in July 2015, and was to pay an annual premium of over $10,000. A few weeks later, Mr. Demetriou says the ring was stolen while in the Dominican Republic, after an assailant pulled out a knife and demanded his valuables.
A claim was made to AIG. AIG said there was insufficient evidence to establish that the loss had occurred, and refused to pay the claim. Litigation ensued, and Mr. Demetriou was successful in obtaining summary judgment, with reasons reported at Demetriou v. AIG Insurance Co. of Canada, 2019 ONSC 627 ("Demetriou"). In addition to obtaining judgment for the value of the ring (and other jewellery), Mr. Demetriou was awarded $50,000 in punitive damages. (The availability of punitive damages on a summary judgment motion is itself a topic for discussion.)
This case is of interest because of Justice Gray's finding on whether AIG was required to plead fraud to advance its defence that Mr. Demetriou had not met his burden of proving that the loss had occurred.
In the insurance context, the burden of proof of establishing that a covered loss occurred falls on the insured. However, if the insurer is relying on an exclusion, or alleging fraud, the burden then shifts to the insurer to prove the exclusion applies (but only after the insured has established a covered loss.)
In the within case, Mr. Demetriou says the ring was stolen from a knife wielding assailant. AIG did not pay the claim. Ostensibly, AIG was alleging that Mr. Demetriou was lying about the theft.
So, who has the burden of proof? Is the burden of proof on Mr. Demetriou to prove that the theft occurred (i.e., that a covered loss occurred)? Or is AIG's apparent allegation that Mr. Demetriou was lying tantamount to an allegation of fraud, putting the burden of proof on AIG? Furthermore, is AIG required to plead fraud, or is it enough that they simply defend the claim on the basis that Mr. Demetriou has not proven the loss occurred?
It is apparent that throughout the litigation (and during oral argument itself), AIG repeatedly changed its position as to whether it was formally alleging fraud against Mr. Demetriou. Ultimately, Justice Gray would not allow AIG to take the position that it was pleading fraud based on prior representations made to Mr. Demetriou and his counsel.
In its argument, AIG relied on the Ontario Court of Appeal decision in Shakur v. Pilot Insurance Co. 1990 CanLII 6671 ("Shakur"), that in this type of situation, the burden of proof still falls on the insured to prove that the theft occurred on a balance of probabilities, and that based on the suspicious circumstances, the plaintiff had not met his burden:
It is fundamental insurance law that the burden of proof rests on the insured to establish a right to recover under the terms of the policy. In this case, the burden rested on the respondent and remained on the respondent to prove on the balance of probabilities that a theft of her jewellery had occurred. That the appellant, in denying the allegation of theft, impliedly alleged that the respondent was fraudulent in putting forward the claim in no way shifted the basic burden of proof resting on the respondent.
Justice Gray rejected AIG's position (at para 67), and concluded that reliance on fraud was required to advance that argument.
In my view, these cases are clearly distinguishable from the one before me. In the case before me, the insurer has expressly disclaimed any reliance on fraud or deliberate acts.
In granting summary judgment for the plaintiff, Justice Gray stated (at para 73):
While there are some discrepancies and inconsistencies in the different versions of events related by different witnesses, this is to be expected, and indeed it would be unusual if any version of events as related was perfect. While there are clearly some suspicious circumstances, they have been adequately explained by Mr. Demetriou and his family members. In any event, they would only be relevant if fraud were being relied upon, but it is not. (emphasis added)
The underlined finding is based on Justice Gray's conclusion that Shakur could be distinguished on the basis that fraud had been relied on in Shakur. However, in reading Shakur, it's not clear that this is correct. The court in Shakur explicitly states with respect to the insurer's position:
The defence at trial was, first, that the respondent had not proved that the robbery or theft occurred and that, second, in any event recovery of the loss was precluded because (a) the loss was excluded under the policy; (b) the appellant was relieved from indemnifying the respondent on the ground of public policy; or (c) the respondent had no insurable interest in the jewellery.
All we are told in Shakur with respect to fraud is that the insurer "impliedly alleged that the respondent was fraudulent in putting forward the claim." In other words, it does not appear the insurer was explicitly alleging fraud in Shakur, and rather was doing exactly what AIG was doing in the within case.
Ultimately, the law is now confused on the issue of whether fraud must be pleaded in these circumstances. Clarification from the appellate courts is needed to resolve this matter.
Les renseignements affichés sur ce blogue contiennent des points de droit variés fournis uniquement à des fins informatives et non commerciales. Ces renseignements ne constituent pas un avis juridique de la part de l'auteur. Nous mettons en garde les lecteurs de ne pas prendre de décision particulière sans avoir préalablement obtenu l'avis juridique d'un professionnel qualifié. Toute personne qui décide de prendre une décision en s'appuyant sur ces renseignements le fait à ses propres risques.


This three-bedroom semi-detached house is situated in an ideal location in Liverpool close to the East Lancashire Road, travel links and local amenities. This is a great prospect for a first-time buyer looking for their first purchase.
Upon entering the property, the hallway leads you through to the lounge embracing a cosy layout. Off of the lounge is the kitchen which comes fully equipped with all necessary built in units and integrated appliances, whilst providing plenty of space for a large table and chairs for seated dining and entertaining, with double doors opening out in to the rear garden. There is also a W/C conveniently located on this floor.
To the first floor there are three bedrooms spread over this level, each room supplemented with carpeted flooring situated within the vicinity of one another, alongside the main bathroom, comprising a separate bath and shower. All rooms embrace a spacious arrangement and have plenty of large windows, allowing an abundance of natural light in to the rooms, making the home well lit.
Outside of the property there is private off-street parking available, with some opportunity for gardening in plant pots along the main pathway up to the front door. The rear garden is completely surrounded by fencing, making it suitable for those with young children and for those who want complete privacy and security. There is also plenty of space for an outdoor table and chair set, ideal for relaxing and entertaining guests, with the garden itself being spacious and well maintained.
Within the area, Fazakerley station is 1.0 miles away and Rice Lane station is 1.1 miles away. Bank View High School is 0.2 miles away and Ranworth Square Primary School is 0.4 miles away, making it ideal for those with young children. There is also a wide range of choice in terms of supermarkets, restaurants, cinemas and bars that are within each reach.
There are two Gyms including a boxing gym and a football playing field with 3 floodlight football pitches right on the doorstep.


text:
Redfield, NY
Highland Forest, Liverpool, NY
An Onandage County park, Highland Forest provides cross-country skiers with 40 miles of trails. Twenty of them are groomed and maintained by the park, and the terrain is good for all ages and skill…
An Onandage County park, Highland Forest provides cross-country skiers with 40 miles of trails.…
Landmark Theatre, Syracuse, NY
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, this theatre was built as a movie palace and designed by Thomas W. Lamb in the 1920s. Today, much of the gold-and-red interior has been preserved…
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, this theatre was built as a movie palace and…
Best Things In & Around Redfield, NY
An Onandage County park, Highland Forest provides cross-country skiers with 40 miles of trails. Twenty of them are groomed and maintained by the park, and the terrain is good for all ages and skill… Read More
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, this theatre was built as a movie palace and designed by Thomas W. Lamb in the 1920s. Today, much of the gold-and-red interior has been preserved… Read More
Ithaca Farmers Market, Ithaca, NY
An owner-operated cooperative farmers market, Ithaca Farmers Market draws farmers from miles around every weekend. The market takes place year-round at the Steamboat Landing location, where shoppers… Read More
Find it Fast Near Redfield
The Amboy 4-H Environmental Education Center
748 Route 183 (between Rte. 69 and Rte.13), Williamstown, NY
The Amboy 4-H Environmental Education Center, located at 748 Rte 183, between Routes 69 and 13, near Williamstown, owned and operated by Cornell Co... Read More
Sylvan Beach Amusement Park
112 Bridge Street, Sylvan Beach, NY
With roots beginning in the 1870's the area has a rich history. It thrives today as a great beach location with all of the makings of a wonderful v... Read More
Dry Hill Ski Area
18160 Alpine Ridge Road, Watertown, NY
About Us: Watertown's Family Ski, Snowboard & Tubing Area. Read More
Fort Rickey Discovery Zoo
5135 Rome-New London Road, Rome, NY
Mission:The mission statement at Fort Rickey for over twenty years has been…. "We, at Fort Rickey, are committed to the belief that ch... Read More
Freedom Skate and BMX Park
18 Watson Avenue, Mexico, NY
Freedom Skate/BMX Park is located right in the center of Oswego County. Just a 30 minute ride North on I81 from Syracuse and 40 minute ride South o... Read More
Erie Canal Village
5789 New London Road, Routes 46 and 49, Rome, NY
History Erie Canal Village is an outdoor living history museum. It is a reconstructed 19th century settlement on the site where, on July 4, 1817, ... Read More
New York State Zoo at Thompson Park
One Thompson Park, Watertown, NY
Mission:The mission of the New York State Zoo is to promote the conservation of wildlife and wild places by helping community members build positiv... Read More
International Boxing Hall of Fame
360 North Peterboro Street, Canastota, NY
Our mission is to honor and preserve boxing's rich heritage, chronicle the achievements of those who excelled and provide an educational experience... Read More
Lenox Skate Park
230 South Peterboro Street, Canastota, NY
Williamstown, NY
Orwell, NY
Altmar, NY
Westdale, NY
Richland, NY
Camden, NY
Lacona, NY
Sandy Creek, NY
Pulaski, NY
Maple View, NY
Mannsville, NY
Lorraine, NY
Parish, NY
Pierrepont Manor, NY


Yangon (formerly Rangoon) is the bustling erstwhile former capital of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (formerly Burma), and the country's largest city. The city's modern name derives from the combination of two Burmese words meaning "end of strife." After half a century of military rule in Myanmar, the hope that Yangon embodies is finally being realized.
Recent reforms have catapulted Myanmar into the international spotlight, prompting a massive influx crazed gallop of foreign capital. Click here to read more about Yangon.
Yangon is divided up into four districts, each named after one of the four cardinal directions. Each district is further subdivided into several townships. To discover what makes each one unique, explore Yangon Neighborhoods now.
Apartment hunting in Yangon can be tricky. Indeed, most apartments with any sort of amenities (AC, elevators, etc.) are expensive. Get tips and information in Zoomdojo 's guide to Apartment Hunting in Yangon.
Public transport in Yangon is limited. Find out more about getting around in Yangon here!
Yangon is not exactly known for its food. However, there are a few places worth checking out, and as the city begins to develop, many more restaurants are opening up. For all those good eats, discover where to eat in Yangon!
A good first thing to do is to be a tourist. As such, the Shwedagon Pagoda is a must-see. Check out things to do in Yangon now!
At the moment, most commerce in Yangon is cash-only. Almost all purchases made in Yangon must be done in cash. Pick up some interesting and less well known facts in Yangon Odds & Ends.
In this section we provide you with a short list of Companies In and Around Yangon . The list will change over time to highlight well-established institutions, up and coming start-ups, or places reviewed as great places to work. Search for Yangon jobs now!


Sirin is a new instrument for creative expression that oscillates in the higher octaves of experience. Secured in a brushed stainless steel enclosure with a retro-inspired color palette, Sirin foretells of future joys and transports interdimensional energy with ease. An intoxicating conjuror of both quintessential lead and menacing Moog bass, Sirin's fully-recallable analog sound engine originates with two analog Taurus Bass oscillators modified to soar up to octaves above the boundaries of its mythical ancestors. Sirin is the first instrument in Moog's Taurus family of bass synthesizers capable of generating pitches above middle C, inviting searing, soft, and even clangorous lead sounds with ease.


Many older adults (90 percent) prefer to live in their own home (AARP 2013). Even if they need daily assistance or health care, most of them (82 percent) say they would still prefer to receive that care in their homes (AARP 2013).
Some older adults choose a Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) as their home – one that offers progressive levels of health care from active, independent living to long-term care. Other older adults stay in their own homes, often with long-term services and supports, until the time comes when a move to assisted living or a long-term care residence is the right thing to do.
The cost of medical care received in continuing care retirement communities, assisted living and long-term care residences (nursing homes) is generally tax deductible. People who pay for these costs should consult with a tax expert to ensure they take and maximize all available deductions – for example, the time of year a person enters an assisted living facility might increase the amount of his or her tax deduction.
In all cases, expenses that are reimbursed by Medicare, Medicaid, long-term care insurance, and other insurance or programs are not tax deductible.
The portions of continuing care retirement community (CCRC) entry fees and monthly fees that cover prepaid health care and medical expenses are generally tax deductible.
The very definition of "medical" expense is malleable, and the middle ground, inhabited by most senior living communities, that lies between traditional, deductible, "institutional" health care and nondeductible residential services and accommodations, is sometimes difficult to categorize. The increasing complexity of resident fee structures and refund arrangements casts further doubt on when a payment should be characterized as an expense, and what fees are attributable to medical care.
Generally, the cost of direct and substantial medical care (for example, for dementia or special needs) received in an assisted living facility qualifies as a medical deduction if a licensed health care professional certifies the care receiver needs ongoing help to perform at least two activities of daily living or requires supervision because of cognitive impairment, and prescribes a plan of care for the care recipient.
The entire cost of nursing home care, including meals and lodging, is a deductible medical expense if a person, or his or her spouse or dependent, is there primarily to receive medical care. A person who is in a nursing home mainly for personal reasons can deduct expenses for medical care but not meals and lodging.
Taxpayers under age 65 who claim a person living in a nursing home as a dependent must reduce the total medical expenses by 10 percent of their AGI. See "Whose Medical Expenses Can You Include" in IRS Publication 502, Medical and Dental Expenses.
Many resources are available online for more information about deductible medical expenses in long-term care residences. In addition to the IRS website, see "Medical Expense Tax Deductions: A Guide for Senior Living Providers and Residents (Gordon, 2012) in the "References" below.
"Livable Community Indicators for Sustainable Aging in Place," AARP (2013).
Gordon, Paul. "Special Issue Brief. Medical Expense Tax Deductions: A Guide for Senior Living Providers and Residents," The American Seniors Housing Association (Summer 2012).
"Proposed New Requirements for Tax Return Preparers," Tax Information for Tax Professionals (2010).
TaxBook 1040 Edition (2012). 2012 Tax Year. Minnetonka, MN: Tax Materials Inc.


Notes: Volunteers may be required to share a free site with staff or other volunteers and will be allowed free entry into the park during the TOF program. Volunteers will be asked to help move equipment and assist with maintaining group safety / low impact camping / fun. If comfortable and willing, volunteers may be allowed to lead short programs of their choice. This is a great way to help your ranger out, or to gather practical experience to list on your resume. Please coordinate with Ranger Bonnie if you wish to do something special.
If you hope to camp overnight with the program it is preferrable, but not mandatory, to have your own tent and bedding. A campsite will be provided to you if you volunteer for 4+ hours during the event. If you do not have the necessary equipment, please coordinate with your point of contact before the event so they can bring additional supplies.


Capitalism's widening chasm between the ultra-rich and everyone else has emerged as a leading concern in American politics. Most notably, the 2011 Occupy Wall Street movement formed in the wake of the financial crisis to voice loud opposition against the "1 percent" of Americans who plunder the economy at the expense of the "99 percent": that is, the everyday people from a variety of class backgrounds who are increasingly burdened with exorbitant student debt, dim employment prospects, underwater mortgages, skimpy healthcare, and more. In 2015 Senator Bernie Sanders took up the "99 percent" narrative as the rhetorical centerpiece of his presidential primary campaign, speaking out against "elite" schemes to "rig" the economy.
On the other hand, the "99 Percent" narrative derives most of its emotional power from the perception that growing economic inequalities are decimating the once-vaunted American middle class, and therefore killing the American Dream. In other words, while this narrative acknowledges that racial minorities are more vulnerable to the devastation and upheaval that capitalism inevitably produces, it ultimately collapses racial difference into the broader project of holding the line against the attack on the middle class by elites.
What almost never comes up in this discussion is the uncomfortable truth that the American middle class is today, and has been since its very inception, disproportionately and overwhelmingly white. Due to longstanding overt and covert discrimination in housing and credit markets, black Americans are dramatically less likely than whites to own a home, and thus enjoy the generational benefits home ownership affords, which drives a stubborn racial wealth gap.1Laura Sullivan et al., The Racial Wealth Gap: Why Policy Matters (New York: Demos; Waltham, MA: Institute for Assets & Social Policy, Brandeis University, 2015). For these and other reasons, blacks never gained a solid foothold in the middle class.
Thus, to the extent that the middle class supposedly represents a vision of an American Dream that is economically inclusive of nonelites—a vision now increasingly under threat—it is worth remembering that this vision has been historically a racially exclusive one. In other words, while racism anchors the socioeconomic divide between the 1 percent from everyone else, it also fuels capitalism's selective democratization, creating pathways of mobility and economic self-reliance for some within the 99 percent and not others. Drawing on W. E. B. Du Bois's work on the Freedmen's Bureau, this essay highlights how the democratization of American capitalism, seen through the lens of homeownership and economic self-reliance, is a racially stratifying force—and also for this same reason, a key battleground in the fight for racial justice.
In The Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois famously reflected that "to be a poor man is hard, but to be a poor race in a land of dollars is the very bottom of hardships."2W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk (, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2007), 12. The remark showcases Du Bois's fascination with understanding how capitalism works differently for whites than for blacks. By referencing the "land of dollars," Du Bois calls up the American Dream of capitalism as a system of limitless wealth and economic mobility. Being black is therefore simultaneously a matter of racial and economic marginality: it is to feel chronically and hopelessly excluded from an economic mainstream that prides itself specifically on the virtues of being inclusive of and creating opportunity for people with limited financial means.
Du Bois, in later works, further explores the selective democratization of the capitalist economy, and how it creates racially exclusive pathways of economic mobility. This theme permeates his extensive treatment of the Freedmen's Bureau, a government agency created to provide a support structure for black former slaves and white laborers in the wake of the Civil War. Du Bois spends much of his lengthy 1935 tome, Black Reconstruction in America, discussing the Bureau, which he called the "most extraordinary and far-reaching institution of social uplift that America has ever attempted."3W. E. B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward A History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860-1880(, New York, NY: The Free Press, 1998), 219.
The book's analysis makes two key observations that together are essential to understanding the selective democratization of capitalism as a racially stratifying force. First, Du Bois's historical findings highlight the reality that market economies are not self-regulating, and neither are market actors capable of economic self-reliance on their own. Instead, in capitalism, economic activities are politically managed to make self-reliance possible, enabling mobility for some groups (often whites) and not others. The Freedmen's Bureau marked a rare exception and a curious natural experiment. It was created through the political mobilization of black Americans in the wake of the Civil War to facilitate their economic inclusion.
Du Bois repeatedly referred to the Bureau as a system of "economic guardianship," where the federal government—more specifically the US Treasury Department—instituted a number of innovations to provide a support structure for former slaves. Through the support of the Bureau they could engage in private economic activities, including access to agencies and tools to secure labor contracts, purchase available cheap land, receive legal aid, and more. The idea was that creating conditions of economic self-reliance required an extraordinary mobilization of resources and state power.
Initially, the Bureau channeled most of its energy into the provision of food and clothes rations to tens of millions of "the hungry and unemployed."4Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 225. But the agency's vision gradually shifted from poor relief (i.e., direct provision) to a more expansive retooling of capitalism's financial machinery to facilitate the inclusion of former slaves. Rather than merely creating a separate lane of direct public provision for blacks, the Bureau aimed to explicitly democratize American capitalism to redress disparities between blacks and whites in their ability to participate in private economic activities in an ostensibly self-reliant way.
The second observation made by Du Bois is that the fiction of a "free" or "self-regulating" economy has proven a powerful ideological force, and one that sustained the discriminatory myth of white economic self-reliance.
From the start, the debate around the Bureau centered on a pressing question: for a historically oppressed black population, would abolition usher in an era of meaningful economic participation or just a hollow, surface-level form of inclusion? For example, black political leaders pushed for the confiscation and redistribution—and later the purchase and reselling—of land and property from white confederates and planters. They insisted that, given the profound "destitution of the freedmen…nothing would provide immediate relief like the redistribution of land."5John Hope Franklin, "Public Welfare in the South During the Reconstruction Era, 1865–80," The Social Service Review 44, no. 4 (1970): 379–392. In other words, meaningful black inclusion would require far-reaching governmental intervention to secure reparations and manage private exchange.
However, when freedpeople demanded "land—the famous forty acres and a mule—to provide an economic underpinning to their newly acquired freedom," many whites insisted that such a demand "posed a threat to the sanctity of private property," and that "blacks must acquire land by working for wages and slowly accumulating capital, like everyone else in a market society."6Eric Foner, "Black Reconstruction: An Introduction," The South Atlantic Quarterly 112, no. 3 (2013): 409–418. As Du Bois recounts, congressional leaders debated whether the Bureau itself was necessary to usher former slaves into economic freedom, or whether it would instead "curtail [the freedmen's] 'initiative and 'self-reliance.'"7Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 221.
This debate echoed what has become a familiar dialectic. On one side are those opposing government support for racial minorities on the basis that it undermines the virtues of economic self-reliance supposedly embodied by the capitalist economy. On the other side are those, like the freedpeople, insisting that government support is in fact constitutive of economic self-reliance—especially for whites, but also potentially for blacks. Du Bois viewed the Bureau as an exception that proved the rule: it illuminated how the reality of a politically managed economy works hand-in-hand with the fiction of a self-regulating one to democratize capitalism—i.e., make it inclusive of nonelites—for whites while simultaneously excluding blacks. The democratization of capitalism, in other words, is a racially stratifying force.
Indeed, as Du Bois chronicles in painstaking detail, the Bureau eventually collapsed under a firestorm of white backlash. While critics made rampant allegations of fraud and financial mismanagement on the part of Bureau, their real critique, as noted by Du Bois, attacked the very idea that blacks were worthy of economic guardianship. For example, Du Bois expressed incredulity at President Andrew Johnson's remark that "Congress has never felt itself authorized to spend public money for renting homes for white people honestly toiling day and night, and it was never intended that freedmen should be fed, clothed, educated, and sheltered by the United States. The idea upon which slaves were assisted to freedom was that they become a self-sustaining population."8Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 276.
Du Bois attributed the intense opposition to the Bureau to what he referred to as the "American Assumption" that "wealth is mainly the result of its owner's effort and that any average worker can by thrift become a capitalist."9Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 183. While white planters and white workers had long enjoyed a state-sanctioned system of economic support—from public bank charters; to the financing of services, infrastructure, and industry via public debt; to the expansion of the railroad system during the antebellum era—the creation of a Bureau to establish conditions of black self-reliance immediately aroused suspicion that blacks were getting a handout. As Du Bois recalled of Johnson's comment, "it was the American assumption, of the possibility of labor's achieving wealth, applied with a vengeance to landless slaves under caste conditions. The very strength of its logic was the weakness of its common sense."10Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 277.
By focusing on the backlash against the Bureau, Du Bois highlighted the importance of understanding capitalist democratization as a key battleground of racial contention, claims-making, and bottom-up movement-building. Anticipating ideas later popularized by political theorist Karl Polanyi, this perspective suggests that the "market economy" is not to be taken too seriously on its own ideological terms, but is better described as analogous to any other political arena—its structure and outcomes are molded by specific policies, practices, and institutions that emerge as a result of political agitation and resistance.11See Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (, New York: Beacon Press, 2001).
These insights continue to prove relevant for understanding racial capitalism today. In contemporary times, the democratization of capitalism can be seen in efforts to make life under capitalism—including essential goods and services—affordable to nonelites. Arguably the most important example is housing: in particular, the expansion of homeownership and its role in creating a predominately white American middle class. This extraordinary intervention made homeownership affordable, though almost exclusively for whites.
Prior to the New Deal, homeownership, in general, was so expensive that only the ultra-rich could afford it. Throughout the nineteenth century, for example, home credit remained scarce. The typical mortgage covered only one-third of the purchase price, carrying high interest rates and very short repayment periods. Consequently, "housing was…expensive in relation to the average family's income and accumulated savings…[and] many people had to build their own houses by hand, become landlords for part of their property, and severely economize on basic private and public improvements to be able to afford owner occupancy."12Marc A. Weiss, "Marketing and Financing Home Ownership: Mortgage Lending and Public Policy in the United States, 1918–1989," Business and Economic History 18 (1989): 109–118. The housing shortages that resulted from this arrangement fueled growing social unrest, especially among working-class whites, including a "post-World War 1 wave of labor strikes."13Weiss, "Marketing and Financing Home Ownership," 109.
In response to this growing unrest, the federal government and the housing industry responded with an "Own Your Own Home" campaign in 1918. Federal officials introduced a slew of insurance subsidies and tax breaks, which ultimately became the basis of the modern 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage. By financing the development of large-scale residential subdivisions in the suburbs, the federal government played a leading role in making homeownership accessible to a growing, predominately white middle class, and opened a vast and lucrative new market for the private real estate and lending industries. This highly racialized democratization of home credit effectively transformed "the American suburb…from a rich man's paradise into the normal expectation of the middle class."14See Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987).
At the same time, black and Latinos were largely excluded from homeownership expansion. In the infamous practice of "redlining," federal insurers deemed properties and neighborhoods occupied by racial minorities ineligible for mortgage investment, relegating the latter to rental slums or predatory mortgages. White homeowner groups waged violence against black residents who threatened take up residence in their communities. Meanwhile, the construction of the highway system created further distance between the affluence of white suburbia and the economic destitution of the black inner city.15See Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton, American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993).
In the face of such exclusion, blacks and Latinos pushed for political gains to make rental housing similarly affordable and secure. One example can be found in the Community Reinvestment movement.16See Gregory D. Squires, ed., From Redlining to Reinvestment: Community Responses to Urban Disinvestment (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992). This constellation of community-based groups emerged in the 1960s and 1970s at the tail end of the civil rights era. The movement achieved its most well-known political gain with the 1977 passage of the Community Reinvestment Act, which forced banks to expand their lending footprint within low-income and racial minority communities. Less well known, the movement also laid the groundwork for the use of tax credits to finance the production of housing for low-income renters, which eventually became the default national policy, replacing traditional federal programs like public housing.
In some ways, Community Reinvestment advocates' preoccupation with housing production and tax policy serves to illustrate how neoliberal themes of market innovation and entrepreneurial "self-help" have come to define contemporary policy agendas.17See Karen Ferguson, Top Down: The Ford Foundation, Black Power, and the Reinvention of Racial Liberalism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013). Yet, it is worth noting that movement leaders did not merely push for formal access to and representation within the housing market. They mobilized to limit for-profit developers' access to capital, create oversight boards with decision-making power over mortgage lending, and protest against contract selling, disinvestment, slum-lording, and loan-sharking in poor black and brown communities.18See Alexander von Hoffman, House by House, Block by Block: The Rebirth of America's Urban Neighborhoods (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
In all of its political nuance, the Community Reinvestment movement powerfully illustrates the fraught racial politics of market affordability within American capitalism. Rather than embracing the American Dream narrative of a self-regulating market economy, its leaders sought to influence and expand the political management of housing markets on behalf of racial minorities by government officials. They openly contested the illusion of the market's formal equality by vying for bottom-up control over the resources it circulated. In short, the Community Reinvestment movement envisioned the financial machinery of capitalism as part of the very terrain where issues of racial justice are fought out.
Efforts to dismantle and renegotiate the racially exclusive terms of inclusive capitalism live on in contemporary struggles around market affordability in housing, healthcare, education, credit, and other basic arenas of social life. The lesson of the Freedmen's Bureau and Community Reinvestment is that the distinction between "politics" and "economy" is essentially a false one: the market economy is both politically constructed—and therefore subject to the same kinds of pressure tactics as formal politics—and also deeply enmeshed with the more explicitly political constructs of rights, representation, and state power. Community reinvestment advocates believed, like the freedpeople before them, that laissez-faire symbolism obscures the complex realities that define the political struggle to establish conditions for black economic self-reliance. As Du Bois's writings attest, taking that symbolism too seriously can obscure capitalism's selective democratization, which operates both as racially stratifying force, and also—for that same reason—a battleground in the fight for racial justice.
Laura Sullivan et al., The Racial Wealth Gap: Why Policy Matters (New York: Demos; Waltham, MA: Institute for Assets & Social Policy, Brandeis University, 2015).
W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk (, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2007), 12.
W. E. B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward A History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860-1880(, New York, NY: The Free Press, 1998), 219.
Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 225.
John Hope Franklin, "Public Welfare in the South During the Reconstruction Era, 1865–80," The Social Service Review 44, no. 4 (1970): 379–392.
Eric Foner, "Black Reconstruction: An Introduction," The South Atlantic Quarterly 112, no. 3 (2013): 409–418.
Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 221.
Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 276.
Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 183.
Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 277.
See Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (, New York: Beacon Press, 2001).
Marc A. Weiss, "Marketing and Financing Home Ownership: Mortgage Lending and Public Policy in the United States, 1918–1989," Business and Economic History 18 (1989): 109–118.
Weiss, "Marketing and Financing Home Ownership," 109.
See Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987).
See Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton, American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993).
See Gregory D. Squires, ed., From Redlining to Reinvestment: Community Responses to Urban Disinvestment (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992).
See Karen Ferguson, Top Down: The Ford Foundation, Black Power, and the Reinvention of Racial Liberalism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013).
See Alexander von Hoffman, House by House, Block by Block: The Rebirth of America's Urban Neighborhoods (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
John N. Robinson III is an assistant professor of sociology at Washington University in St. Louis and his research and teaching interests lie at the intersection of racial inequality, urban sociology, economic sociology, and social policy.


text:
Martin Mogridge (December 2, 1940 – February 29, 2000)  was a British transport researcher based in London. He proposed the Lewis–Mogridge position that traffic varies in relation to the potential avenues of travel available, thus arguing that adding new roads to a transport network was potentially counter productive (see Braess's paradox) if a wider knowledge of local transport routes was not applied.

Works
 Estimation of Regional and Sub-regional Household Income Distributions and Their Use in Demand Forecasting, 1972
 Travel in Towns: Jam Yesterday, Jam Today and Jam Tomorrow, 1990
 Metropolis Or Region, 1994
 The Rejuvenation of Inner London, 1996
 The self-defeating nature of urban road capacity policy, 1997

References

1940 births
2000 deaths
British urban planners
People from Welwyn Garden City

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We at Extra Credit, are the first company to start empowering people to learn about cryptocurrencies. It is a twofold effort with Bitcoin Homework, the new venture combines blockchain technology with educational programs designed to teach people about cryptocurrencies, even as they share in the digital payment for perhaps the first time. Extra Credit is a new website that has laid out an ambitious roadmap for the following year and more; it is aimed at developing the way people learn about cryptocurrencies. There is a one-stop location where any questions can be answered; and people can learn how to invest in the technology so as not to miss out on its stunning potential. They can test their progress of learning with our weekly quizzes, which help them achieve the most benefits from their efforts. Very soon Extra Credit and Bitcoin Homework will be introducing a mobile app, allowing students to learn about cryptocurrencies on their phone or tablet. The end of 2018 brings, even more developments, including the development of an online podcast for further learning and an innovative Open Source platform, which will open the Extra Credit programs up to any college or educational institution with the foresight to adopt them. We really hope you could help promote our new venture.


text:
Q: MobileFirst SQL adapter raising an error Sometimes we are receiving following error while calling sql adapter

ORA-06508: PL/SQL: could not find program unit being called.

All objects are valid /compiled and available in oracle DB.
If we change any package or procedure on oracle database we receive that error.  So the question is: Do we need to re-deploy that SQL adapter which calls that database object again?

A: It happens because your connection is holding on to a pointer to a procedure that no longer exists in RAM because it was recompiled.
I have seen this for many years and you can recreate this on the fly.

*

*Call an Oracle Procedure

*Recompile that procedure

*Call it again you will get "could not find program unit being called."

*Call it again and it will work.

If you closed the connection after #2 and then opened the connection and called the procedure you would never get that error.
After you make the call to that proc and you are done, close out your connection before calling it again.


Questions about knowledge, and about the relation between logic and language, are at the heart of philosophy. Eleven distinguished philosophers from Britain and America contribute papers on such questions. All the contributions are examples of recent philosophy at its best. The first half of the book constitutes a running debate about knowledge, evidence and doubt. The second half tackles questions about logic and its relation to language.
Notes on Contributors • Timothy Smiley, Preface LECTURE I • James Higginbotham, On Higher-Order Logic and Natural Language Commentary • David Bostock, On Motivating Higher-Order Logic LECTURE II • R M Sainsbury, Indexicals and Reported Speech Commentary • J E J Altham, Reporting Indexicals LECTURE III • Timothy Williamson, Iterated Attitudes Commentary • Dorothy Edgington, Williamson on Iterated Attitudes.
Notes on Contributors Timothy Smiley, Preface M F Burnyeat, Plato on Why Mathematics is Good for the Soul Ian Hacking, What Mathematics Has Done to Some and Only Some Philosophers Jonathan Bennett, Infallibility and Modal Knowledge in Some Early Modern Philosophers.


Chase Bryant, Surprised at the Reaction to "Better Man" Video!
A few weeks ago, Chase Bryant released a video of him covering Little Big Town's "Better Man." He says his girlfriend approached him with the idea of singing it from a man's point of view. Check it out Run Away June is singing Back up!


text:
Q: Parse Nested JSON in Spark I have a JSON file whose schema is like this--
root
 |-- errorcode: string (nullable = true)
 |-- errormessage: string (nullable = true)
 |-- ip: string (nullable = true)
 |-- label: string (nullable = true)
 |-- status: string (nullable = true)
 |-- storageidlist: array (nullable = true)
 |    |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
 |    |    |-- errorcode: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |-- errormessage: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |-- fedirectorList: array (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
 |    |    |    |    |-- directorId: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |-- errorcode: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |-- errordesc: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |-- metrics: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |-- portMetricDataList: array (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |-- element: array (containsNull = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- data: array (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- ts: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- value: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- errorcode: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- errordesc: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- metricid: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- portid: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |-- status: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |    |    |-- status: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |-- metrics: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |-- status: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |-- storageGroupList: string (nullable = true)
 |    |    |-- storageid: string (nullable = true)
 |-- sublabel: string (nullable = true)
 |-- ts: string (nullable = true)

I am supposed to extract ip,storageid,directorid,metricid,value and ts. In the storageidlist, there is just 1 item, but in the fedirectorList, there are 56 items. But I am unable to parse the JSON beyond storageidlist.
scala> val ip_df = spark.read.option("multiline",true).json("FEDirector_port_data.txt")
ip_df: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = [errorcode: string, errormessage: string ... 6 more fields]

scala> ip_df.select($"storageidlist.storageid").show()
+--------------+
|     storageid|
+--------------+
|[000295700670]|
+--------------+

scala> ip_df.select($"storageidlist.fedirectorList.directorId").show()
org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: cannot resolve '`storageidlist`.`fedirectorList`['directorId']' due to data type mismatch: argument 2 requires integral type, however, ''directorId'' is of string type.;;

A: storageidlist is an array column, so you need to select the first array element and do further selections from that:
ip_df.selectExpr("storageidlist[0].fedirectorList.directorId")

or
ip_df.select($"storageidlist"(0).getField("fedirectorList").getField("directorId"))

It's better to specify an array index whenever you work with array type columns. If you don't specify an array index, you can go 1 level deeper and fetch all the corresponding struct elements in the next level, but you can't go further, as shown in your question.

A: from pyspark.sql import SQLContext
sqlContext = SQLContext(sc)
file = "<s3path>/<json_file_name.json>"
schema_path = "<s3path>/<json_schame_name.json>"
json_schema = spark.read.json(schema_path, multiLine=True)
df = sqlContext.read.json(file,json_schema.json_schema,multiLine=True)
#display(df)
df.createOrReplaceTempView("temptable")
#example UDF
def parse_nested_list(nested_list):
    parsed_str = []
    if nested_list:
        for item_list in nested_list:
            if item_list:
                for item in item_list:
                    if item:
                        parsed_str.append(item)
    return "|".join(parsed_str)
def parse_arrs(x):
    if x:
        return "| ".join(
        ", ".join(i for i in e if i is not None) for e in x if e is not None
    )
    else:
        ""
sqlContext.udf.register("parse_nested_list", parse_nested_list)
sqlContext.udf.register("parse_arrs", parse_arrs)
structured_df =sqlContext.sql("select parse_nested_list(column1.column2) as column3, parse_arrs(column1) as column2 from temptable")
display(structured_df)

To fetch the nested array, list, dictionaries. You will have to write a UDF to get the nested values and register it to pyspark so that you can use them in sparksql coding.


Business growth can be accomplished in a number of ways. Advertising or word-of-mouth are typical examples. However, advertising is very expensive and difficult to get right and word-of-mouth takes time. Another excellent way to expand your business is to find businesses that can see business for you. You return the complement by seeing business for them. That is what BusinessFood aims to achieve for you.
The major benefit of finding businesses that complement each other is the process does not cost any money. It does cost a little time. Traditionally, this would have involved meeting lots of other business mangers and networking. This can take a great deal of time and finding other businesses interested in pairing up can often involve meeting large numbers of people who are perhaps only interested in selling their own services. While there is nothing wrong with that, BusinessFood makes the process easier by concentrating businesses together that are interested in this highly effective method of business growth.
If you are an entrepreneur or putting together a business plan, you can rapidly begin to get a small business moving by creating relationships with other businesses that can see business opportunities for you. Business ideas can flow between different businesses that complement each other while not competing with each other. Simple really.
The tools on BusinessFood provide you with a way to develop your business by firstly allowing you to search for business that are complementary to yours. Once you have seen a few businesses you think you could partner with, you can then explore reasons other users have suggested as to why partnering with these businesses might make sense. Once you have satisfied yourself some of these ideas are worth using you can contact other businesses and start discussing ways to help each other.
BusinesssFood is about feeding your business to help it grow. Hopefully it will become part of your business strategy in the future.


You can order a TripTik by selecting Order Maps & Tourbooks from the drop down menu under Travel. Once on the Maps, Directions & Destination Guides page, click on Order TripTik Routings under Order for Home Delivery.
Once on the Order TripTik & Travel Publications page, you will need to fill out your TripTik Route information and then at the bottom under Do You Need Any Additional Services?, please select "I Would Like to Select Additional Publications". Once you click on Continue, you will then be taken to the page where you can select the tourbooks, campbooks, and maps that you will need for your trip. You will then just complete the rest of the form.


text:
The End coming soon in The Stand
No Comments on The End coming soon in The Stand
After more than 26 years after the TV mini-series The Stand, CBS All Access and director Josh Boone's (The New Mutants) have prepared a new adaptation of Stephen King's "The Stand". The insane twist on this series is that King himself has rewritten a new alternate ending to the story. This new version will premiere on CBS All Access on December 17, with each new episode of the 9-episode limited series arriving on a weekly basis.
King's vision of am aftermath after a deadly plague kills most of the world's population, the remaining survivors split into two groups – one led by a benevolent elder woman named Mother Abigail and the other by a malevolent being of unspeakable power named Randall Flagg – to face each other in a final battle between good and evil
The cast includes Alexander Skarsgård as Randall Flagg and Whoopi Goldberg as Mother Abagail. Jovan Adepo, Owen Teague, Greg Kinnear, Brad William Henke, Nat Wolff, Daniel Sunjata,James Marsden, Amber Heard, Odessa Young, Eion Bailey, Katherine McNamara, Heather Graham, Marilyn Manson, Hamish Linklater and Henry Zaga
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