text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:In}
Mediation analyses play an important role in clinical research. For example, the general efficacy for a number of behavioral treatments has largely been established, and research is increasingly focused on treatment mechanisms -- how do interventions work \citep{Nock_2007}? Similarly, in the medical research, the question related to mediation analysis began to be raised recently. One example is how genetic variants affect lung cancer through changing cigarette smoking \citep{Valeri_2014}. Another example is to study how socioeconomic status affect number of decayed, filled or missing teeth (DMFT) through number of dentist visit \citep{Wang_2013}. Other example that is not called mediation analysis, but share the same mathematical formula are surrogate evaluation, where the effect of surrogate on the outcome can be considered as mediator effect, which will be rigorously defined in following sections. Modern interventions often have multiple components, with multiple hypothesized mechanisms of action. Thus, mediation analysis is needed to determine the active ingredients of interventions to improve the strength of interventions by focusing future intervention on these ingredients.

Until now, the most popular framework for performing mediation analyses in applied research is given by \citet{Baron_1986}, which has been extended by \citet{MacKinnon_2007}. The traditional approach describes a clear set of regression equations that depict the structural relationships among treatment, mediator, and outcome. Although these methods are extremely common in psychology and related fields, the causal interpretation of the result is not gauranteed. \citet{Imai_2010} showed that under sequential ignorability assumption, which implies that there is no unmeasured confounder between mediator and outcome, Baron and Kenny's approach has causal interpretation.

To establish the causal interpretation of mediation analysis, several frameworks have been developed within Rubin's causal model \citep{Rubin_1974}, including principle stratification models \citep{Gallop_2009} and counterfactual models, such as structural mean model \citep{Robins_1992}. Principal strata method is often used in the context of compliance of the intervention and often needs the level of mediator and exposure to be small, for example, binary. It often also needs specific distribution assumption for the residuals. Moreover, \citet{VanderWeele_2011} showed that the effects defined in the principal strata framework are different from that of the counterfactual model and traditional approach \citep{Baron_1986}. So in this paper, we will follow the counterfactual model, which produce estimators that can be easily compared with traditional regression approach.

As usual, we denote the intervention as $Z$ and the mediator as $M$, the potential outcome as $Y_i^{zm}$, which represents the potential outcome for subject $i$ if we manipulate its intervention at level $z$ and its mediators at level $m$. The controlled average direct and mediator effects are usually defined as follows:\\\\
Controlled Mediator Effect: $E(Y_i^{zm}-Y_i^{z0})$,\\
Controlled Direct Effect: $E(Y_i^{zm}-EY_i^{0m})$.\\ \\
The controlled mediator effect represent the causal effect of the mediator on the outcome and the controlled direct effect represent the effect of intervention on the outcome that is not through mediator. The controlled mediator effect provide us the information whether we should aim at changing certain mediator during future intervention development. Under so called ``sequential ignorability", also known as no unmeasured confounder assumption, estimators based on counterfactual models are shown to be the same as the one given by traditional regression approach \citep{Imai_2010a}. When sequential ignorability assumption is assumed, Imai's method \citep{Imai_2010} can be used to nonparametrically estimate the natural direct and indirect effects for both linear and nonlinear models. However, without randomization of mediator levels to individuals, this assumption cannot be guaranteed due to the potentially unidentified or unmeasured confounders between the mediator and the outcome.

For count regression, when using a Poisson or negative regression model, it is straightforward to consider the effect in terms of rate ratio \citep{Maldonade_2002, Frome_1985}. So by extending the traditional effects \citep{VanderWeele_2013} to rates ratio scale, we can define our effects of interest as follows:\\ \\
Controlled Mediator Effect: $\log(EY_i^{zm})-\log(EY_i^{z0})$,\\
Controlled Direct Effect: $\log(EY_i^{zm})-\log(EY_i^{0m})$.\\ \\
We can also use the risk difference (RD) as effect scale, but the effect is less likely to be homogeneous. Although different definitions might give different mediation effects, we know that if there is perfect mediation, then we should have $Z$ and $Y$ independent if we fix $M$, and thus indirect effect defined by any scale should be 0. In this sense, the different definitions are consistent.

Estimating effects related to mediation analysis is difficult when the sequential ignorability assumption does not hold. When the outcome is continuous and a linear model is used, a special structural mean model (SMM) called a rank preserving model (RPM) \citep{Tenhave_2007} has been proposed to relax the key, sequential ignorability assumption. However, the rank preserving assumption is implausible when outcome is a 'count' type variable. Previously, when considering compliance status as mediation and assuming exclusion criteria, several multiplicative structural mean model have been proposed \citep{Vansteelandt_2003, Robins_1994, Tan_2010}. However, the exclusion restriction assumption used in those methods is not appropriate in the case of mediation analysis and when interest focuses on not only the mediator effect but also the direct effect.

In this paper, we propose a new method using a multiplicative structural mean model that does not rely on either sequential ignorability assumption or exclusion restriction assumption for making valid inference on controlled indirect and mediator effects. We choose the log-linear model for the reason that it is commonly used in the analysis of count outcome data (Poisson regression and negative binomial regression). Our method can serve as an important alternative to analyze data where sequential ignorability assumption is questionable. Also, our method is useful when the targeted causal effect we are interested in is rates ratio rather than difference in mean.

We would like to point out that the effects estimated by our method and Imai's method \citep{Imai_2010} are different. We estimate controlled effects rather than the natural effects. A discussion of these two kinds of direct effect is reviewed by \citet{Petersen_2006}. Beyond that, we estimate the mediator effect instead of the indirect effect. The mediator effect is useful since it assesses how strong the causal relationship is between the mediator and the outcome. A strong effect suggests that we might improve future intervention by enhance the component that can change that mediator. When the linear model is used for the continuous outcome, we know that the indirect effect can be written as the product of the effect of the intervention on the mediator and mediator effect. Similarly, the existence of both mediator effect and intervention effect on the mediator suggest the existence of indirect effect for nonlinear models.

In Section~2, we introduce the motivating example and summarize previous analysis for the main effect. In Section~3, we give notation of our model, followed by estimation method and asymptotic theory. In Section~4, we give the simulation result. In Section~5, we applied our method to the real example and discuss the results. In Section~6, we give a further discussion of the model with certain extensions.

\section{Applied Example: Interventions for Problematic Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Risky Sexual Behavior}
\label{sec:ME}
The motivating example is a randomized controlled trial studying the effects of web-based personalized normative feedback (PNF) interventions targeting high-risk alcohol use and alcohol-related risky sexual behavior (RSB) among college students (Lewis et al., in press). Perceiving that peers drink more than they actually do (i.e., normative misperception) is associated with heavier drinking and experiencing negative consequences \citep{Borsari_2001}. PNF interventions \citep{Lewis_2006} were designed to correct overestimated normative perceptions and had been shown to reduce heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems \citep{Neighbors_2004}. In the example study, after screening for eligibility, 480 participants were randomized to four intervention groups: Alcohol only PNF (n=119), alcohol-related RSB only PNF (n=121), Control (n=121) and Combined alcohol and alcohol-related RSB PNF (n=119). Personalized normative feedback (PNF) interventions \citep{Lewis_2006} were designed to correct normative misperceptions (i.e., students often assume that typical drinking by college students was much higher than actual). Depending on condition, the different treatment groups received three pieces of information for alcohol, alcohol-related risky sex, or combined alcohol and alcohol-related risky sex: 1) personal risk behavior, 2) perceived peer risk behavior, and 3) actual peer risk behavior. Previous analysis (Lewis et al., in press) showed that groups with an alcohol component (i.e,. alcohol only PNF, combined alcohol and alcohol-related risky sex PNF) had significantly lower normative perceptions (i.e., mediator) and drinks per week, drinking per occasion, and drinking frequency at both 3 and 6 months. Though intervention conditions including alcohol-related RSB had lower normative perceptions on frequency of drinking prior to sex and drinks consumed prior to sex, the corresponding outcome decreased only significant for frequency of drinking prior to sex at month 3.

Each intervention condition targeted a particular type of normative perception by the participant, and thus, the normative perception after intervention is a hypothesized mediator of intervention efficacy. Theoretically, any changes in an outcome should be the result of changes in perceived norms. However, it is impossible to randomize levels of normative perception to participants, and hence, this hypothesis is open to measured and unmeasured confounders. A graphical representation for our hypothesized mechanism is shown in Figure 1. Note that here we allow the existence of unmeasured confounders (such as genotype, environmental variables) between the mediator and the outcome. All the outcomes and norms were recorded at both 3 and 6 months after the randomization.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=4in]{fig1new.eps}
\caption{Hypothesized mediation mechanism using directed acyclic graph. Here $Z$ is intervention, $M$ is mediator (i.e. perceptive norm), $Y$ is the outcome (i.e. drinking behavior), $X$ is observed baseline covariate, and $U$ is unmeasured confounder.}
\end{figure}

In this paper, we focus on drinks per occasion as the outcome. The natural mediators are the normative perception of drinks per occasion and drinking frequency. Primary analyses (Lewis et al., in press) suggested this outcome did not have excessive zero and the Poisson regression might be appropriate. In Figure 2, we plotted the distribution and the profile of mean of drinks per occasion as well as the mediator, normative perception, by group defined by alcohol component intervention. The distribution plots in the bottom of Figure 2 suggest that these outcomes might be Poisson distributed without excessive zeroes.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=4in]{figure2.eps}
\caption{Mean and distribution of drinks per occasion and its normative perception, by intervention group}
\end{figure}

\section{Method}
\label{sec:Me}
For the $i$th participant, we denote $Y_{i}$ as the observed outcome, $Z_{i}$ as the intervention, $\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i}$ as a vector of covariates, and $M_{i}$ as the mediator. The potential outcome $Y_{i}^{zm}$ is defined as the outcome variable that would be observed for $i$th participant if the participant is randomized to intervention level $z$ and receives mediator at level $m$. In graphical model representation, we assume that $\mbox{\boldmath $U$}$ is a vector of unmeasured confounders between $M$ and $Y$. Using the notation by Pearl \cite{Pearl_2001}, we can represent the potential outcome as $Y_{i}^{zm}=Y(do$ $Z=z, do$ $M=m, \mbox{\boldmath $U$}_{i}, \mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})$, which means that $Y_{i}^{zm}$ is the outcome if we can manipulate $Z$ and $M$ at level $z$ and $m$. To separate the potential level and observed value, we use lower case to denote potential level while use upper case for random variables observed. We propose the following multiplicative structural mean model:

\begin{equation}
\log E(Y_{i}^{zm}|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $U$}_i)=g(\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $U$}_i)+\sum_{k=1}^{K}\theta_{k}h_{k}(z,m,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i}),
\end{equation}
where the effects of intervention and mediator on the outcome, $h_{k}(\cdot),k=1,2,\cdots,K$, are known
functions, which satisfy $h(0,0,\mbox{\boldmath $X$})=0$ and $g(\cdot)$ is an unknown function representing $\log E(Y_{i}^{00}|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $U$}_i)$. This model can be used when we assume $Y_i^{zm}|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $U$}_i$ follows either a Poisson or a negative binomial distribution. Here since $\mbox{\boldmath $U$}$ is unobserved, the over-dispersed Poisson model can also be written as a Poisson model by considering an additional unmeasured normally distributed $U$. Compared with the traditional approach to mediation analysis, we allow the unmeasured confounder $\mbox{\boldmath $U$}$ in the model with a flexible form. The only requirement is that $U$ does not serve as an effect modifier of both direct and mediator effects. Compared with Imai's nonparametric model, we have a partly linear assumption for the effect of $Z$ and $M$ but Imai \textit{et al.} do not allow the existence of $U$.

Under the stable unit treatment value (SUTVA) and consistency assumptions, we derive the equation on the observed variables as follows:
\begin{equation}
E(Y_{i}|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i},Z_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $M$}_{i})=G(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $M$}_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})\exp\{\sum_{k=1}^{K}\theta_{k}h_{k}(Z_{i},M_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})\},
\end{equation}
where $G(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $M$}_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})=E[\exp\{g(\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $U$}_i)\}|Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $M$}_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i}]$. The consistency assumption is a commonly made assumption in causal inference to relate the potential outcome to the observed outcome. The SUTVA assumption means that there is not multiple versions of the treatment, which is needed to clearly define the causal effect, and it also requires no interference.  In the intervention study introduced earlier, the intervention was provided to individuals via the web, and thus, the SUTVA assumption seems reasonable.

Under ignorability of the treatment assumption, which automatically holds for a randomized trial, we have $\mbox{\boldmath $U$}_i\perp Z_i|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i$, which suggests that
\begin{equation}
E(G(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $M$}_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i},Z_i)=E(G(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $M$}_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i}).
\end{equation}

This implies that for an arbitrary function $A(Z,\mbox{\boldmath $X$})$, the following estimating equation is unbiased:
\begin{eqnarray}
0&=&\sum_iS_i(\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}) \nonumber \\
&=&\sum_i\{A(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)-E(A(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)\}Y_{i}\exp\{-\sum_{k=1}^{K}\theta_{k}h_{k}(Z_{i},M_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})\}.
\end{eqnarray}
Since we have $K$ unknown parameters, we need at least $K$ estimating equations that are not collinear. Computing the expected derivatives of the estimating equations with respect to $\theta$, we obtain that $E\nabla S_i$ has the following expression:
\begin{eqnarray*}
E\left[\{A(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)-E(A(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)\}E(G(Z_i,M_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})H(Z_i,M_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)^T|Z,\mbox{\boldmath $X$})\right],
\end{eqnarray*}
where $H(Z,\mbox{\boldmath $M$},\mbox{\boldmath $X$})=(h_1(Z,\mbox{\boldmath $M$},\mbox{\boldmath $X$}),\cdots,h_K(Z,\mbox{\boldmath $M$},\mbox{\boldmath $X$}))^T$. So we need
\begin{eqnarray}
E(Cov H(Z,\mbox{\boldmath $M$},\mbox{\boldmath $X$})|\mbox{\boldmath $X$})>0,
\end{eqnarray}
where $>$ means positive definite. The interpretation of this assumption will depend on the specific model. For the simplest model where $K=2$, $h_1(Z_{i},M_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})=Z_i$ and $h_2(Z_{i},M_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})=M_i$, then the assumption above indicates that $\mbox{\boldmath $X$}$ modifies the effect of the intervention on mediator. From the view of instrumental variables, the interaction between intervention and $\mbox{\boldmath $X$}$ serves as an instrument. We can choose $K$ estimating equations. We can also use the generalized method of moment estimator when the model is over-identified, i.e. we can construct $L>K$ estimating equations that are noncollinear. Then we can use the least square estimator by minimizing
\begin{eqnarray*}
\|\sum_i\{A(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)-E(A(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)\}Y_{i}\exp\{-\sum_{k=1}^{K}\theta_{k}h_{k}(Z_{i},M_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})\}\|_{L_2}.
\end{eqnarray*}

\subsection{Asymptotic Theorems}
\label{subsec:Asy}
We denote the true value of parameters $\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}$ by $\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}_0$. Under certain regularity conditions, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\sqrt{n}(\hat{\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}}-\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}_0)\longrightarrow_d N(\mbox{\bf 0},V),
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
V=E(\frac{\partial S_i(\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$})}{\partial \mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}})^{-1}E(S_i(\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$})S_i(\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$})^T)E(\frac{\partial S_i(\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$})}{\partial \mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}})^{-T}.
\end{eqnarray}
Here the expectations are taken under $\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}_0$. This result comes directly from the theory of generalized estimating equations.

The variance-covariance matrix of the estimators, $\hat{\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}}$, can be estimated by a sandwich estimator given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{V}=E_n(\frac{\partial S(\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$})}{\partial \mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}})^{-1}E_n(S(\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$})S(\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$})^T)E_n(\frac{\partial S(\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$})}{\partial \mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}})^{-T},
\end{eqnarray}
where $E_n$ denotes the empirical expectation. Since the empirical expectation will converge to the true expectation uniformly under certain regularity conditions, the estimator $\hat{\mbox{\boldmath $\theta$}}$ is consistent. By the uniform law of large numbers, the sandwich estimator is a consistent estimator for the variance covariance matrix.

\subsection{Efficiency Consideration}
Although we do not need to model the covariate effect to obtain a consistent estimator, using a working model for covariate effect can gain efficiency in most cases. After including covariate parts, the estimating can be written as
\begin{eqnarray*}
0&=&\sum_i\{A(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)-E[A(Z_i,\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i)|\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i]\}[Y_{i}\exp\{-\sum_{k=1}^{K}\theta_{k}h_{k}(Z_{i},M_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})\}-g(\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i,\mbox{\boldmath $\beta$})].
\end{eqnarray*}
Here $g(\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i,\mbox{\boldmath $\beta$})$ is the working model and a simple choice is $g(\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i,\mbox{\boldmath $\beta$})=\exp\{\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i\mbox{\boldmath $\beta$}\}$.
To yield an estimator of $\mbox{\boldmath $\beta$}$, we can add the following estimating equation:
\begin{eqnarray}
0&=&\sum_i\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i[Y_{i}\exp\{-\sum_{k=1}^{K}\theta_{k}h_{k}(Z_{i},M_{i},\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_{i})\}-g(\mbox{\boldmath $X$}_i,\mbox{\boldmath $\beta$})].
\end{eqnarray}

\section{Simulation}
In this section, we present simulations to show the finite sample performance of our proposed estimator and compare it to the traditional regression estimators. We compared our estimator with the traditional regression method under settings in which sequential ignorability holds or does not hold. The model we considered was a binary intervention $Z$ and a continuous mediator $M$ following the model,
\begin{eqnarray}
E(M|Z,X,U)=\gamma_{z}Z+\gamma_{x}X+\gamma_{zx}ZX+\gamma_{u}U,
\end{eqnarray}
and the outcome followed a Poisson model with rate $\exp(\theta_{z}z+\theta_{m}+\theta_uU+\theta_xX)$, or an over-dispersed Poisson model with additional term $\exp(\theta_{z}z+\theta_{m}+\theta_uU+\theta_xX+\theta_vV)$ where $V$ was standard normally distributed and was independent of all other variables. In addition, we simulated the negative binomial model with mean $\exp(\theta_{z}z+\theta_{m}+\theta_uU+\theta_xX)$ and dispersion parameter equal to 2. Here $X$ was standard normally distributed, and $U$ was an independent, standard normally distributed confounder. A non-zero coefficient $\theta_u$ leads to the failure of sequential ignorability assumption. We set the variance for the residual of $M$ as 0.1. We set other parameters as $\theta_x=0.2$, $\theta_{z}=0.1$, $\theta_{m}=0.5$, $\theta_{u}=0,-1$, $\gamma_{z}=0$, $\gamma_{x}=0$, $\gamma_{zx}=1$, $\gamma_{u}=0.5$.

In the simulation, we chose the sample size to be 400 and ran 1000 simulations.  For the traditional regression model for mediation, we used either Poisson regression or negative binomial regression. The simulation results are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=4in]{figure4.eps}
\caption{Simulation Results without sequential ignorability: Pois means poisson regression, Odpois means over dispersion poisson regression and Negbin means negative binomial regression.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=4in]{figure5.eps}
\caption{Simulation Results with sequential ignorability: Pois means poisson regression, Odpois means over dispersion poisson regression and Negbin means negative binomial regression.}
\end{figure}

Simulation results showed that the proposed method has certain efficiency loss when the sequential ignorability assumption holds. But when the sequential ignorability assumption fails, the traditional regression method can yield highly biased results while the proposed estimator is unbiased. The proposed method has coverage rate higher than its nominal 95\% level and suggests that inference is conservative.

\section{Application to Alcohol Study}
We applied our method to the alcohol use data and compared our estimator with the estimator from traditional mediation models for both drinking frequency and drinks per occasion. To simplify the analyses, we created a binary treatment indicator based on whether the original treatment conditions contained alcohol content or not. So we combined the Alcohol only PNF (n=119), and Combined alcohol and alcohol-related RSB PNF (n=119) groups as Intervention group, and we combined alcohol-related RSB only PNF (n=121) and Control (n=121) groups as Control group. Our goal is to assess whether the alcohol component of the intervention works through changing alcohol-related normative perceptions. We use the 3 months measurement of normative perception as mediator and use the 6 months drinks per occasion as outcome. Among the baseline covariates that are available, we find that a baseline measure of the frequency of casual sex partners serve best as the covariate to construct estimating equation on drinks per occasion, because they have strong interaction with the intervention on normative perceptions. Beyond this variable, we also adjust normative perceptions and drinks per occasion on baseline and gender to increase the efficiency of our proposed estimators. To compare with the traditional method, we run quasi-poisson regression with same set of covariates adjusted. The model is based on the potential outcome and we assumed it has the following form for this example:
\begin{eqnarray*}
\log E(Y^{zm}|\mbox{\boldmath $X$},\mbox{\boldmath $U$})=\theta_{1}z+\theta_{2}m+g(\mbox{\boldmath $X$},\mbox{\boldmath $U$}),
\end{eqnarray*}
where $Y^{zm}$ is the 6 months drinks per occasion if the person received treatment z (0: not contain alcohol content; 1: contain alcohol content) and has 3 months normative perception at level m. We did not put any parametric assumption on the covariate effects and the covariates $\mbox{\boldmath $X$}$ represents baseline normative perceptions, baseline drinks per occasion and gender. For traditional regression model, we use a parametric model for the covariate effect and the model is based on the observed outcome and we assume it has the following form:
\begin{eqnarray*}
\log E(Y|\mbox{\boldmath $X$},\mbox{\boldmath $Z$},\mbox{\boldmath $M$})=\theta_{1}\mbox{\boldmath $Z$}+\theta_{2}\mbox{\boldmath $M$}+\theta_{X}\mbox{\boldmath $X$}.
\end{eqnarray*}

The results are shown in Table 1. Since the sample size is small and the simulation shows potential over coverage for the asymptotic confidence interval, 500 bootstrap resamples were used to compute standard errors of the proposed estimators.

We find that both our proposed method and the traditional regression method show that 3 months normative perceptions (i.e., mediator) is significantly related to 6 months drinking behavior (OR$>$1), whereas the direct effect is not statistically significant. The estimated mediator effect is stronger using the proposed method compared with the traditional method. Considering that our proposed method is robust to the unmeasured confounder while the traditional regression is not, this result suggest that there are some potential confounders hide the effect of one's normative perceptions on one's drinking behavior. For the traditional regression model, using a negative binomial regression give similar results. Since our model is on the potential outcome, we cannot direct test whether the baseline frequency of casual sex partners modified the direct or mediator effect. But a regression analysis of the observed outcome on intervention, exposure and covariates as well as their interaction does not suggest that there is strong effect modification by baseline frequency of casual sex partners or its norm at baseline. Although the scale of the effect is difference, the sign of the effects and the clinical implications are consistent for both methods. So we confirmed that decreased normative perceptions led to decreased drinking behavior.

\begin{table}[!h]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|ccc|}
\hline
Effect &Method & RR &\multicolumn{2}{c|}{95\% CI}\\
\hline
Direct Effect ($\theta_1$)  &Proposed &0.91&0.69&1.20\\
Mediator Effect ($\theta_2$) &Proposed &1.58&1.12&2.22\\
Direct Effect ($\theta_1$) &Traditional&0.94&0.84&1.05 \\
Mediator Effect ($\theta_2$) &Traditional &1.12&1.08&1.16 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\tabcolsep 5mm \caption{Results for mediation analysis of 3 month normative perception of drinkes per occasion on 6 month drinks per occasion using both proposed method and Poisson regression method.}
\end{table}

\section{Discussion}
In conclusion, we proposed an alternative method to estimate controlled mediator and direct effects when we are suspicious about the sequential ignorability assumption. Our proposed method can estimate the causal parameters consistently, but loses efficiency when the sequential ignorability holds or when there is a strong risk factor not included in the model. Our analysis yield results that are generally consistent with the original study. This suggests that normative perceptions are causally related to drinking behavior and the association detected in previous study is not due to unmeasured or unidentified confounders. Also, the results suggest that the mediator effect has been slightly under-reported using traditional method.

One extension for our current method is that if we have longitudinal data with more than 3 time points or if we can assume temporal order for the variables measured at same time points. We can assume the models for different time points share some parameters and model them together with a generalized estimating equation.

As shown in the general model form, theoretically, we can allow multi-arm intervention and do not need to combine the 4 groups into 2. However, it will need stronger interactions between baseline covariates and interventions on the mediator to make sure the weighting functions are far from collinearity. Large sample size is required to obtain any significant results. Given the limited sample size in our example study, we unfortunately cannot obtain much useful information from a 4 group analysis.

Also, we did not model the loss of follow-up procedure in our analysis and use complete data only for the analysis. If we have a model for that procedure, we can use the inverse probability weighting method to handle those missing values, but such method will be sensitive to the correctness of the missing mechanism.

\section*{Acknowledgement}
The data collection is supported by Grant K01 AA016966/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

  \bibliographystyle{elsarticle-harv}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Affordably and beautifully bringing ideas to life is what we do best at Trailway Construction. Founded in 2004, we're a reliable and dependable general contractor company staffed by experienced commercial and home contractors in Berks County, PA. No matter how big or small your project may be, we're fully committed to getting the work done with integrity and quality.
With home additions in Berks County, our skilled contractors can plan and complete projects that include extra bedrooms to make visitors more comfortable and expansions of existing spaces like kitchen and dining areas. Our building contractors in Berks can help you enjoy a home addition that's designed to be a perfect fit with your home's existing architectural features and overall style.
Why Choose Us for Your Berks County Building or Improvement Needs?
Our building and home contractors in Berks County, PA, pay attention to every detail, from the initial planning to the final inspection and cleanup. With any job that we do, you can expect a fair pre-work estimate, reasonable fees, prompt arrivals, and convenient scheduling options. Check out our project gallery to view examples of our work.
We have seasoned Trailway Construction home improvement and building contractors in Berks County, PA, ready to meet and exceed your expectations. Contact us today to talk to our home contractors in Berks about your next construction, home or business improvement, or renovation project.


There are numerous ways to style one of our floral blouses. Try one under a simple, solid colored blazer, with stovepipe pants and heels. Alternatively, rock a floral blouse under a solid colored jumper. The possibilities are endless. Our floral blouses come in a wide variety of prints and colors. We have them in shades of blue, red, green, yellow, white and in every color combination you could possibly want. Our floral blouses are finely crafted from some of the finest fabrics. We have a wide selection of styles, sleeve lengths and hemlines from which to choose. Whether you go with a cropped floral blouse or one of our tunic style floral blouses, we know you will love it.


The Antares Condo is a new development which is situated next to Mattar road as well as Mattar MRT station. The Antares has a site area of more than 67,000 square feet and a Gross Floor Area of 201,115 square feet and situated at District 13, Singapore. The development has been developed by FSKH Development which is a joint venture made up of TA Corp, Hock Loan and Keong Hong Holdings.
Why Invest In The Antares?
60 metres to exit B of Mattar MRT station on the Downtown Line.
A couple of stops will bring you to a major shopping and dining node at Paya Lebar station. Here you will find Paya Lebar Square, and the soon-to-complete Paya Lebar Quarter, with its 7-storey mall and 3 blocks of Grade A offices.
Hi! I am interested in The Antares, please contact me.


I designed the "We Can Moo It" T shirt for the 2017 Walk To End Alzheimers.
The shirt company gave me grief about copyright, despite the image being owned by the National Archives; despite my changing 25% of the text, and despite a font change in the main headline. And despite my adding a large cow-head.
Legal heads prevailed, and the shirts were a big success.
The "Trav's Inn" T shirt logo was a tougher project, as it involved re-creating a logo from a 40-year-old T shirt.
Ever try scanning a soft-cloth shirt with curved text on a legal-size flatbed scanner? Not fun.
I had to stitch together 3 scans in Photoshop, align them, and then remove the elements from the background (headline, sub-headline, tasty mug of beer.) Then I had to erase all the edges by hand to eliminate any fringe.
The "Vinyl Squire" T-shirt design is an homage to Washington in 1982.


text:
Q: Autoincrement li tags generated by a javascript function I have this function who parses an xml file:

That writes on an html file a list of values like these:

 Ponte_Nuovo_sx

87

72

15--

Now I want to autoincrement the li tag, but still I try to find a solution.
In the case the li tags aren't generated by a function, and so if they are static, I can increment the li tag.
What I want to obtain is that (if it's possible):

 Ponte_Nuovo_sx

<ii id=2> 87

and so on.

A: // Have this run after it's been written to the document
$(function() {
    $('ul li').each(function() {
        $(this).attr('id', ($(this).index() + 1));
    });
});

Note that this could probably and should be run through php, python or equivalent instead.
Otherwise you can simply handle an increasing value and given in Anubhab's answer.

A: can't you do like this:
var count=0;
for (i=0;i<M.length;i++){

//document.write("
"+xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("ID")[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue+"
");
document.write("
"+xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("NAME")[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue+ "
");
count++;
document.write("
"+xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("SIM")[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue+ "
");
count++;
//and so on
}

A: Just for the record, that's what I meant :
JS
xmlDoc = loadXMLDoc("FLUSSI.xml") // Path to the XML file;
var M = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("ROAD");
var t_name = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("NAME");
var t_sim = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("SIM");
var t_real = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("REAL");
var t_diff = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("DIFF");

for (i = 0; i < M.length; i++) {

    //document.write("
"+xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("ID")[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue+"
");
    document.write('
' + t_name[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue + '
'
        + '
' + t_sim[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue + '
'
        + '
' + t_real[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue + '
'
        + '
' + t_diff[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue + '--
');

}

CSS
li.name{

}
li.sim{

}
li.real{

}
li.diff{

}
li#name_1{

}
/** Only with CSS3 compliant browsers **/
li.name:nth-child(2n)
{
    /** Only pair child, works with numbers to to target single element but faster to use ID then. **/
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I'm working with a very interesting new API offering from the retail focused InComm, dubbed the Cashtie API. Over the last two decades InComm has worked hard to build relationships with major retailers, resulting in a very hard to establish presence at the cash register of major retailers like Walmart, Target and CVS.
InComm's new Cashtie API opens up access to retailers point of sale (POS) systems, allowing any approved developer to sell online goods to consumers at these high value retail locations—opening up the possibility for web and mobile applications to accept cash payments for virtual goods, services and utilities at top retailers.
InComm is the company behind gift card activation solutions for all those major gift cards you see everywhere, and digital barcode solutions that we are getting familiar with when purchasing physical goods like a coffee at Starbucks, but the Cashtie is pushing commerce into an entirely new realm. These earlier solutions are about buying physical goods with virtual gift cards and online accounts, where the Cashtie API is about allowing buy digital goods at retail locations with cash.
The immediate use of cash for purchasing virtual goods can be applied to the hottest virtual products like online movies, music and gaming. Think of the possibilities for impulse buys at the cash register of Walmart and Target, when you aren't limited to the physical items that surround the cash register, but expanded into an unlimited world of digital goods and services.
Opening up cash payments for digital goods to all retail consumers is interesting, but the application that really gets me interested, is delivering applications to what is considered as the unbanked, and underbanked across the nation. According to the FDIC, 8.2 percent of US households are unbanked, representing 10 million in total, as well as 20.1 percent of US households are underbanked, which represents 24 million consumers—this is a pretty significant audience to reach with online goods and services.
The Cashtie API opens up an interesting new world of paying cash for digital goods, but also can be easily applied to paying our regular and one-time bills with cash. Currently bill pay with cash at retail locations is a pretty time consuming process, but Cashtie makes it as simple as scanning a barcode on physical utility bills or on your smartphone via a digital barcode. No more going to the information counter at the grocery store, bills can be paid alongside everyday purchases at the regular checkout line in a variety of retail locations.
I'm intrigued by the potential of the Cashtie API. Those of us who live and breathe the online world may think the world revolves around us, but a significant part of world still operates on a cash-only basis. The Cashtie API bridges these two worlds, allowing cash to buy virtual goods, augmenting our existing ability of buying physical goods with virtual currency.
I will be working with InComm to developer their API strategy, and hoping to tell the stories that come out of this interesting new ecosystem. I'm pretty picky about who I work with at API Evangelist, and while there will be uses of the Cashtie API that won't capture my attention, I predict there will be some very meaningful uses that deliver value to a very underserved segment of our society.


your business with our Printing & Publishing business category to increase your business exposure!
Genius Publications was established in the year of 2002 and is a rapidly growing Independent Books Publishers and Distributors in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Company provides B. Tech. books for First to Eight Semesters, Competition Model Paper, Competition Books at competitive rates.


EFC 70 goes down this Saturday!
Bought to you by BetXchange.com the worlds' most exciting sport returns to Sibaya, DBN for EFC 70 Amanda 'Mad Dog' Lino vs Rizlen 'The Lioness' Zouak and the countdown has just begun!
Just ahead of the main event, Bunmi Ojewole faces 'Demolition' Jacqui, Dansheel Moodley goes up against Angola's Josemar Octavio, heavyweights collide when Thabani Mndebela goes head-to-head with Ivan Strydom and Martin de Beer faces Yusuf Hassan.
But first 7 action packed prelim bouts are set to kick off the highly anticipated fight card, don't miss it!


text:
Entertainment District/Financial District
View From a Crane
By Alana Charles Sep 12, 2013, 2:15pm EDT
Rob Mac is a Tower Crane Operator in Toronto who takes photos from his crane and posts them to his Twitter account. This week, Rob shows us the view from the 57th floor of the L Towers on the corner of Yonge and Front Street. Designed by architect Daniel Libeskind, the building will have 600 suites and 57 storeys, once completed. Other great crane photos from @SkyJacked793 include Yonge Street in the morning and muggy downtown Toronto. With almost 5,000 followers, Rob could be the most popular crane operator on Twitter. [LTowers]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sparring injury puts stop to upcoming Mijares face-off.
San Antonio super flyweight Raul Martinez has pulled out of his May 14 world title fight in Mexico after suffering a cut during training.
Martinez (28-1, 16 KOs) was scheduled to take on Cristian Mijares (41-6-2, 18 KOs) in Durango for Mijares' IBF 115-pound crown.
He said the cut — on the bridge of his nose — occurred during a Thursday sparring session at Arturo Ramos' gym on the South Side.
He was working out with amateur boxer Cresencio Ramos who, like Mijares, is a southpaw.
Swelling ensued, and Martinez said he has had trouble breathing.
He said if it were just "a regular" fight he would have continued, but not in a fight of this magnitude.
After conferring with members of his team, including manager Lou Mesorana, the decision was made to withdraw.
The bout had been moved from Ciudad Obregon in the western state of Sonora to Durango only days earlier.
It would have been the second world title fight of Martinez's career. The first was in April 2009 when he lost to Nonito Donaire by TKO in the Philippines.
Since then, Martinez, 29, has won four fights in a row, the most recent being a hard-fought decision over Rodrigo Guerrero in an IBF world-title eliminator in Oklahoma last November.
As a result, Martinez was elevated to No. 1 contender by the IBF and became the mandatory title defense for Mijares.
Martinez said he's not sure if anyone with his promoter, Top Rank Inc. of Las Vegas, had been notified.
Attempts to reach Top Rank were unsuccessful.
Martinez said he found out on the same day of his injury that his grandmother had passed away.


New this year, the district is issuing electronic grade cards. To access the grade cards you will need to log into your PowerSchool account. On the left side you will see a link for grade cards. Once you click it you will see 2018-S1, click on that link for the 2018 first semester grade card. If you need help accessing the grade card or logging into your PowerSchool account please call Deidra Romey, 816-321-6031.


Boyne City High School has posted its Varsity Football Head Coach position.
The school announced on Nov. 2, 2018, that Coach David Hills had decided to hang up his whistle after leading the program for 16 years and becoming the winningest coach in school history (125-45).
The Boyne City Football Program has a long and storied history, including 117 seasons, 22 league championships, 3 MHSAA District Championships (2001, 2014, 2015), 2 MHSAA Regional Championships (2001, 2015), and 3 State Championship (1956, 1957, 1961).
An important part of the Rambler football tradition is the strength of its youth football program which continues to have very strong participation in grades 3-6 and the success in recent years at the middle school football program is an indication of the growing nature of the program.
Football games in Boyne City are community events, where multiple aspects of the community come together to support the team and enjoy Northern Michigan fall Friday nights.
Besides a great tradition of football, Boyne City also takes great pride in their facilities, their high school band, and the school has a unique career technical education program (the Rambler Sports Network) that televises its games to Rambler fans all over the world via the Internet.
The Boyne City Public School District has posted multiple teaching positions for the 2019-20 school year at the same time as posting the Head Football Coach position.
One is a middle school social studies position and the other is for high school English.
The deadline for applying to the job is Friday, February 8th. Interested applicants should email a letter of application, résumé, and references to Athletic Director John Hertel at jhertel@boyne.k12.mi.us .


A Whispered Prayer sings of the healing powers of the Creator as manifested in daily life by the forces of nature and spirit. The text portrays elements of strife and resolution, storm and appeasement, as both being integral parts of the workings of an invisible and omnipresent Spirit.
An organist's score offers the hymn text and tune (for unison voices), with an organ accompaniment; the first three verses are sung in sequence, followed by a brief organ interlude, and the fourth verse sung in unison with an organ descant and free harmonization.
The attached PDF booklet file includes a title page, a blank fill page, Notes, four pages of music, and a back cover. The file is coded to allow high quality printing, as well as the option to delete, rotate or rearrange pages as desired for automated print-and-bind copy machines. For practical purposes, printing pages 2-3 on one side of an 11x17 sheet and pages 4-5 on the back side will provide a convenient folded letter-sized document.
Please click on the image below to download the PDF file.


text:
Ban Jhankri-The Forest Shamans
On July 3, 2016 May 22, 2017 By Brendan Ring
A Ban Jhankri with its shamans
In a previous blog, Ancient Shaman Ancestors, I related how in a fully immersive vision I was visited by the Almas. For simplicities sake we may say that they are the Central Asian equivalent of Sasquatch (although they are quite different), to be found in the Altai Mountains of Siberia and throughout the Caucasus. They came to me as shamans, they were dressed in Buryat costumes with colourful ribbons and they spun around whilst drumming. It is highly likely that the Almas or Almasty are a surviving hominid, most likely homo erectus and I sense strongly that homo sapiens may have learned shamanism from these beings that retained a deeper connection to the natural world than us. Furthermore, I sense that they act as initiatory agents to some shamans, in spirit and possibly physical form. The images in the video below are eerily similar to what I saw.
As well as the Almas, Sasquatch also came to me in shamanic consciousness,
…as I stood facing the woods, a large creature walked upright through the trees in front of me. There was not much space between the trees, it was like watching a shadow repeatedly emerging then disappearing. I could see thick dark hair and sensed great power. It then stepped out into a clearing, it was Sasquatch and he turned to face me. Although he exuded tremendous physical strength, he showed no aggression and I felt no fear. It felt like he was simply presenting his existence to me. Then, I was given some special green herbs and plants and told that they were for contacting or shapeshifting into Sasquatch. I went deep into some forest caves and found him sleeping. I stroked his face with the plants and he opened his mouth revealing formidable white teeth. Somehow, I knew I must put my hand into his mouth, to show trust. I did and he opened his eyes and gave me a vision, showing that we have a deep connection, that part of me is in fact Sasquatch. I found myself in a primeval forest of very tall straight trees. Through the trees I could see a large rounded green mound, covered in moss and grass. I could see that my arms and hands were covered in thick hair. There was no sound or thought,just utter stillness of mind and environment, I was aware that this was home and I was my ancient Sasquatch self. (from A Shamanic Kundalini Awakening)
Although I'm yet to find a connection between Almas and Siberian shamans (although I'm sure it's there), I did find a link between Sasquatch and Native American medicine people.
…among the Yokut, Hairy Man (Sasquatch) was indeed connected to the shamans, but a Hairy Man shaman was extremely rare and unusual. The subject of a Hairy Man shaman was in itself very sensitive and so little is known about what specific powers such a shaman might have had. The elders told just one story, in which Hairy Man comes to give his healing power to the shaman. In the story Hairy Man insists that the power he will convey must only be used to cure and never to cause harm. It was also said that the shaman would make an amulet in Hairy Man's likeness, swallow it and use Hairy Man as a bringer of dreams. (from Mayak Datat: The Hairy Man Pictographs. The Relict Homonoid Inquiry)
The Hairy Man (Sasquatch) pictographs from the Tule Indian reservation.
A recent conversation with a Nepalese shaman gave me a further confirmation that shamans and the Wild Peoples are intimately connected. This concerns the Ban Jhankri or Forest Shaman.
…The ban jhankri (forest shaman) is both spirit and deity, as well as an accepted reality for most indigenous Nepali ethnic groups. The ban jhankri are said by many to be small creatures, hairy and golden, master healers and teachers of shamans. Those whom are "chosen" by the ban jhankri to be future shamans, are abducted and often taken to caves where the initiates receive shamanic training and instruction. The novice, who is typically young but may be an adult, is later returned to his/her community, several hours, days, or (rarely) weeks after being abducted. At this point, sometimes the initiate finds a human guru (teacher) from whom to continue to learn ritual methods and techniques of accessing spirit (i.e. ecstasy, trance, possession), but sometimes their training continues only through the agency of spirits, including contact with the initiating ban jhankri. Culturally, such experiences of "spontaneous election" are regarded as proof of being "chosen by spirits," and hence, endow these jhankri with special status; those shamans so chosen are themselves referred to as ban jhankri, distinguishing them from other kinds of jhankri. Representative oral texts of the shamans describe individual experiences of consciousness transformation through these encounters with ban jhankri. (from Encounters with Ban Jhankri: Shamanic Initiation by Abduction in Nepal,Leslie Conton, Fairhaven College)
In a fascinating paper entitled, THE "CALLING," THE YETI, AND THE BAN JHAKRI ("FOREST SHAMAN") IN NEPALESE SHAMANISM, I found that there are different types of Yeti and that the ban jhankri is considered to be one of these.
The smallest and fastest yeti is named rang shinbombo(lit.: "self-generated shaman") by Tibetan tribal groups like the Sherpa and Tamang, and in Nepali he is called ban jhankri. The term bombo means shaman, as does jhankri in Nepali, and these yeti are often thought to have mystical powers.
Those shamans initiated by the ban jhankri are also considered 'self generated', they call it an, aph se aph experience, that is, it arises on its own, unbidden and automatically, to those chosen to be shamans by the spirits. It is a spontaneous rite of passage. Indeed the yeti and banjhankri are real. They are not just characters in a story told, but realities lived in the soul of the Nepalese shaman.
Painting on dhyangro drum by Evelyn Rysdyk @2014
For me, these wild Forest Shamans from various parts of the world live in all our souls and are a forgotten part of us we need to remember.
Nanulak
The Nature of the Universe
3 thoughts on "Ban Jhankri-The Forest Shamans"
Leeby Geeby
Another great post. Cause for reflection on my own process of selection, which was initiated by a short, pugnacious, dark-brown leathery-skinned gnome-like creature wearing a hooded robe. I have described him to people using the term Brownie, because his cranky demeanour and appearance seemed to fit descriptions from Celtic mythology, but perhaps you may have more specific insight on this kind of being.
Evelyn Rysdyk
Please give credit for the Banjhankrini image! © Evelyn C. Rysdyk
Hi Evelyn. My apologogies, I had no idea this was your work! It's wonderful and I have of course credited you now.


New gorgeous authentic Ted Baker 10031502 men's brown leather band, black case, analog green dial, Japanese quartz movement, 50 meters water resistant feature and 42mm case diameter with stylish look….
New gorgeous authentic Ted Baker 10031502 men's brown leather band, black case, analog green dial, Japanese quartz movement, 50 meters water resistant feature and 42mm case diameter with stylish look. A classy watch is all you need to make any attire look more attractive. This timeless creation looks appealing. These Timepieces are definitely watches to keep your eyes on, this very eye-catching and modern watch is the perfect accessory option for every day wear.


text:
Seton honors Support Staff of the Year
Seton Catholic Schools recently awarded our first-ever Teacher, Leader, Support Staff and Volunteer of the Year Awards! Rooted in what's possible for all students, Seton's educators are driving transformation every day in classrooms across Milwaukee. In the process, they often go above an beyond and inspire not only their students, but their colleagues as well. This is the first in a series of posts recognizing our 2017 award recipients.
Support Staff of the Year is recognition of outstanding service to students, families and colleagues. All non-teachers who support our students and schools were eligible for peer nomination, including counselors, education assistants and admin assistants. We received 20 nominations from which three staff members were selected for recognition: Linda Goeden, Lirse Jones and Tina Kyles.
Linda Goeden, Northwest Catholic School
Ms. Linda Goeden is an administrative assistant who manages the Northwest Catholic School office with a superb ability to multi-task and connect with others. According to her colleagues, Ms. Goeden possesses a tremendous amount of patience and kindness which puts everyone around her at ease, including students. On top of this, she is also willing to jump in wherever she is needed. Whether she is pulling weeds from the school garden, washing student uniforms or assisting with enrollment marketing campaigns, Linda exemplifies the Catholic value of service. Her caring personality and "all in" attitude has earned praise from students, parents and staff.
Lirse Jones, Prince of Peace School
Ms. Lirse Jones is an administrative assistant and admissions coordinator who has shown extraordinary effort and entrepreneurship to meet ambitious school enrolment goals. After just nine months of working at Prince of Peace, she has already exceeded expectations by restructuring the student enrolment process, making it easier for families to access the education of their choice. She has also participated in community outreach events and has gone out of her way to educate the school team about Parental Choice programs and enrollment and has shared her knowledge and strategies with colleagues at other network schools.
Tina Kyles, St. Catherine School
Ms. Tina Kyles is a third-grade Education Assistant who possesses deep bonds with her students in and out of the classroom. Whether a student needs help with a math problem or a personal issue at home, Ms. Kyles has shown that she truly puts students at the center of her work. She also has a special talent for getting the most out of her students by showing them their true potential and pushing them to reach their goals. Her students' strong literacy gains this year are directly attributable to her instruction and support.
Rooted the Same
Preparing for High School
Community Partnership Brings Cristo Rey Work Study Students to Prince of Peace School
Teaching Today: More than Just Reading, Writing and Arithmetic
May 9th, 2018 | 0 Comments


text:
Q: Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'show' of undefined error with React and Auth0 I've been getting an Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'show' of undefined with React and Auth0 that I have not been able to debug.
I've followed the auth0 and react tutorial, but still cannot get it to work.
Here is my code:
### login.jsx

/// <reference path="../../../typings/index.d.ts" />

import * as React from "react"

import Auth0Lock from 'auth0-lock'
import Button from './button.jsx'

export default class Login extends React.Component {

    componentDidMount() {
        this.lock = new Auth0Lock('AUTH0-CLIENT_ID', 'AUTH0_CLIENT_DOMAIN')`
    }
    render() {

        return (
            <div>
                Login Today
                <Button lock={this.lock}/>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

## button.jsx
/// <reference path="../../../typings/index.d.ts" />

import React from 'react'

export default class Button extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props)

    this.login = this.login.bind(this);
}

  login() {
    console.log(this.props.lock)
    this.props.lock.show();
  }

  render() {
    return (
        <button onClick={this.login}>Login with Auth</button>
    )
  }
}


text:
Anna Christian (Douglas, 4 de maig de 1993) és una ciclista de l'Illa de Man. Professional des del 2015, actualment milita a l'equip Drops.

El seu germà Mark també es dedica al ciclisme.

Palmarès
 2013
  Campiona del Regne Unit júnior en ruta

Referències

 Fitxa a sitiodeciclismo.net
 Fitxa a cyclebase.nl
 Fitxa a museociclismo.it
 Fitxa a procyclingstats.com

Ciclistes de l'Illa de Man
Ciclistes britàniques

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


No place names matched your search. This place may have been named differently in the 1800s. Check the placenames in the list of baronies, unions and parishes in the county.
Note that your search was for Drumnahunshin in that county, barony, etc. You may prefer to search again without choosing a county, barony, etc.


:Игра на android 2 3 5; Статус файла: файл найден; Цена. SpeedX 3D remastered returns to Android! With over 15 million downloads SpeedX 3D is the most played accelerometer-controlled tunnel racer worldwide. Oneoithe.ru/Mkv%20Andr. Mkv Android Player Игра на Андроид Speedx 3d Free: Glofiish на Андроид, 50 оттенков.
Need For Speed Underground, free and safe download. Need For Speed Underground is a fast-paced game car lovers will enjoy. View full description. Mar 17, 2017 "A slick, stylish and addictive Android exclusive" - PocketGamer.co.uk Speedx is an action 3D tunnel game where you have to avoid colourful. Download Need for Speed™ No Limits apk 2.1.1 and all version history for Android. they're able to have ongoing full access to the game features and content. Дата выпуска: 15.09.2013 Версия: v.2.0.13 Платформа: Android 2.1+ Совместимость с Vista: полная Язык. . Фрукт на телефон im/Mobiapps Скачать бесплатно игру Ninja Fruit free на . android Speedx for Android, free and safe download. Speedx 3D is a fiendishly difficult game for Android that's so addictive, it will have you View full description. Mar 28, 2015 Download free Android game SpeedX 3D: Turbo apk. Find tons Get full version of Android apk app SpeedX 3D: Turbo for tablet and phone.
Название фильма: Дневник баскетболиста На английском: The Basketball Diaries Жанр: Драма, криминал. , игры на андроид для Как включить wifi на lenovo g580, speedx скачать на cut the rope full free гта. Гонки по туннелю на андроид. Скачать Speedx.v2.5.18.full_free.apk Игры для Андроид. Release, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PS Vita, Xbox 360, iOS, Android, Kindle Speed Points racked up in the demo also carry over to the full game if the of the game was made available for free via Origin's "On the House" program.
We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow. Need for Speed Rivals, free and safe download. Need for Speed Rivals latest version: Racing game with awesome visuals, lots of action View full description. May 23, 2012 Download free Android game Speedx 3D apk. Find tons of Get full version of Android apk app Speedx 3D for tablet and phone. Screenshots. В полной версии игры СуперИнтуиция вы получите массу закинуть на Vector + Full Vector. Буст 2 скачать на андроид Free download cracked Boost 2, Скачать бесплатные игры для Highscreen Boost.


15 Northeast Ohio golf facilities will host open PGA Junior League teams in 2019, and youngsters interested in playing on a team in a truly fun format should register to join one of those teams now.
Teams can be made up of younger kids ages 13-and-under (designated as 13-U in the list below), or older kids at 17-U.
In addition to the 15 open Leagues in our region, there are a number of private clubs in Northeast Ohio that offer League teams by invitation only — i.e. mostly limited to the children of club members.
But a few private clubs are running their 2019 PGA Junior League teams in open mode, meaning they will accept player registrations regardless of membership status. Good on them!
For a list of area private clubs offering invitation-only teams for 2019, search here.


text:
Middlesbrough FC transfer rumours: Reported Leeds United and Boro target poised for Wigan switch
'˜It's OK to be different' Chelsea tells people with facial condition
A Hartlepool woman who was subjected to cruel bullying for a facial condition is supporting national efforts to help increase public awareness.
Friday, 24 February, 2017, 11:00
Chelsea Burger, who has facial palsy and wants to raise the awareness of condition.
Chelsea Burger, 23, was born with facial palsy which is the weakness of muscles in the face.
She suffered taunting at school and even in the workplace for her 'droopy face' but overcame the bullying and now helps other people to deal with the condition.
Chelsea Burger at school
Chelsea is supporting National Facial Palsy Week which takes place from March 1 to 7.
Its central message is to let people with facial palsy know there is support out there.
Chelsea's palsy affects her smile and her left eye does not shut properly.
She said: "It was never spoken about when I was young and no-one knows the real reason it happens.
"Unfortunately this did cause bullying in my case and many more people. This shouldn't happen we didn't ask to look different.
"I got through the hard time at school and went on to work which I did get bullied in one job, the woman called me an offensive name.
"I did later go on to move job but the company did nothing about the bullying."
Chelsea, of Seaton Carew, is a volunteer for the charity Facial Palsy UK and uses her experience to help others.
She added: "I am happily married now and life is good.
"I try and help others the best I can by going to family facial palsy days where I can talk to kids as young as two years old with the condition and also speak to their parents so they know how their child feels and what they can do to help them.
"The message of the week is 'it's OK to be different' and there is help out there."
The awareness week encourages people with the condition to use social media to share their personal stories and one positive thing that has come about from having facial palsy using the hashtag #ShareMyHappy.
Facial Palsy UK is also launching first children's book during the week.
For more information see www.facialpalsy.org.uk


text:
VIACA launches comedy central channel on Astro
15 hours ago 1 min read
Star Jalsha rings in the festive fervor with Dance Dance Junior Super Finale
TCL unveils next generation display at CES 2020
Cyber Group Studios partners with BTC Studios PLC
300 hours of coverage of Winter YOG Lausanne 2020 on The Olympic Channel
Global Agency and SBS Contents Hub signs exclusive representation agreement
Home > NewsFlash > Banijay Rights' hit formats set to entertain audiences in Southeast Asia
Banijay Rights' hit formats set to entertain audiences in Southeast Asia
editor tva, 1 week ago 0 2 min read 181
Banijay Rights, the leading distribution arm of Banijay Group, has today confirmed that its long-running format, Don't Forget the Lyrics!, has been picked up in Myanmar by Forever Group, for broadcast on leading entertainment channel, MRTV-4; and that The Secret Life of 4 Year Olds has been adapted by Houghton Street Media for Tencent Video in China.
Don't Forget the Lyrics!, a modern entertainment classic and proven ratings winner regardless of territory or timeslot, will now be adapted for a Burmese audience by Forever Group, with an order of 240 episodes for broadcast in 2020 on free-to-air channel, MRTV-4. More than 2,000 episodes have been produced since the show's launch in the US, and the format is broadcaster France 2's number 1 hit show.
Elsewhere in Asia, the critically acclaimed award-winning series, The Secret Life of 4 Year Olds, a compelling insight into a child's world, filled with tears, laughter, drama, politics, power struggles and larger-than-life characters, will be brought to Chinese audiences via broadcaster, Tencent Video, China's largest video streaming platform.
Tags	#Don't Forget the Lyrics!	#The Secret Life of 4 Year Olds
Distribution360 finalises multiple deals in Asia
Kick start 2020 with eight exciting series from HBO And Warner TV
YOU On Demand expands deal with Miramax
TVA Editor, 6 years ago 1 min read
Warner TV's success
Indonesia's Orange TV launches OTT services with Irdeto Rights
MediaCorp appoints board of directors
Weekly Launches
Comedy Central adds new title in Asia
OnScreenAsia.com is the premier online resource for Asia-Pacific's television content, film and media technologies news. Find out the latest happenings, issues and opinions from the industry's movers and shakers and utilize the extensive database to find the information and data you need. Along with the newest headlines, premium subscribers also get access to exclusive video content, interviews and the latest issue of TV ASIA Plus. Connect the dots with OnScreenAsia.com, your direct connection to the region's ever-expanding media industry.
© 2019 Contineo Media. All rights reserved.


Maui Sanvictores - Journeys - Choose Philippines. Find. Discover. Share.
Enjoy lunch by a floating raft at sea!
Seven spectacular sights in one grand adventure!
The perfect after-dive hike is right within your reach.
Take inspiration from James Oliver Aquino's adventures!
This list, you should probably bookmark!


text:
Tapping the Vortex for Green Energy
Author: Alexis Madrigal. Alexis Madrigal	Science
Time of Publication: 5:35 pm. 5:35 pm
A bane of Big Oil's offshore rigs could become a boon for renewable energy.
By tapping the natural motion of slow-moving water, a new hydrokinetic generator could open vast new swaths of the ocean for energy production.
When ocean currents flow over any kind of cylinder, like the long cables that hold drilling platforms in place, small vortices are created. They eventually spin away, or shed, causing vibrations that over time can destroy an oil rig's moorings.
Now, a University of Michigan engineer who long worked on suppressing this phenomenon, has developed a prototype energy-harvester that can capture the mechanical energy it creates.
"About four years ago, it dawned on me that we should enhance the vibrations and try to harness the energy," said ocean engineer Michael Bernitsas, who has founded Vortex Hydro Energy to commercialize his idea. "No one has ever thought of patenting this idea, even though vortex induced vibrations were first observed in 1504 by Leonardo da Vinci."
Energy experts consider the movement of water in oceans a vast untapped source of clean energy that could provide up to 10 percent of U.S. demand (pdf). A variety of schemes have been proposed to capture this mechanical energy, usually involving turbines to capture fast-moving water generated by tides or a strong current. But few projects have progressed beyond the science project stage. The most advanced is a Pelamis Wave Power project off the coast of Portugal, which provides a mere 2 megawatts of power.
One major problem is that most underwater turbines require the water to be moving very fast. One study suggested that hydrokinetic projects only made economic sense in currents moving at over six knots, which are highly rare. It's all the ocean's other currents, which are generally under 3 knots, that Bernitsas sees as his technology's main advantage.
"There is a huge amount of hydrokinetic energy in currents but a lot of that we cannot harness with the present technology and that's where my device comes in, to extract energy at speeds down to 1 knot," said
Michael Bernitsas, who has founded Vortex Hydro Energy to commercialize his idea. "It taps into a new energy source."
That idea has attracted some name-brand backers. The National Science Foundation, the U.S. Navy, and the Department of Energy have together contributed about $2 million to Vortex to further develop the concept.
Prototypes of the device — known as Vortex Induced Vibrations Aquatic Clean Energy — are essentially round cylinders a few inches across suspended in water on a spring. The vortices generated by water flow move the cylinder up and down. The VIVACE system converts that mechanical energy into electricity via rotary or linear generators.
In the future, Bernitsas wants to create modular 50 kilowatt units, like the artist's rendering seen above. They could be strung together for larger applications into power plants producing as much as a gigawatt of power.
The engineers are working on making the basic system components more efficient, too. The cylinders of the early designs have sprouted tails, which allow them to use more of the energy in the vortices. It's an idea that the engineer has borrowed from whales, fish, tadpoles and other creatures that move in liquid, which he says all have a bluff, or not slender, body followed by a tail.
"The muscle power the fish have is not enough to support the speed at which they are going," he said. "So, if you study more carefully, there are lots of things going on. A fish will curve its body, collect a vortex, shed it, and collect one on the other side and shed that, alternating on the two sides of its body."
The design of the system allows it to take much more energy out of the water than turbine-based systems. In technical terms, the energy density of the system is higher. For example, in a three-knot current, the VIVACE gets 50 watts per cubic meter of water, while the Pelamis system, considered the world leader in ocean energy, gets 21.
The innovative nature of the idea, however, is no guarantee of commercial success.
"I think that it's at a very, very early stage of development," said Roger Bedard, an analyst at the Electric Power Research Institute in Palo Alto, California, and world expert on ocean energy.
And Bernitsas' system would be subject to the United States'
regulatory process, which was designed with large hydroelectric dam projects in mind, and that has hampered all hydrokinetic energy technology development.
"You have to go through 20 to 25 different regulatory agencies in this country," Bedard said.
Governmental risk frightens potential investors. Erik Straser of the
Silicon Valley-based venture capital firm Mohr Davidow Ventures, sees potential regulatory and technical issues, too.
"This seems like it would be have some issues with permitting,"
Straser wrote in an e-mail to Wired.com. "I think that and reliability will be the key issues to deployment and efficacy."
Bernitsas believes that his technology is much more environmentally friendly than other marine projects, so he's looking forward to working with regulators.
Still, the tide could be turning, no pun intended, for marine and hydrokinetic projects. The recent Wall Street bailout bill included tax credits for these projects, which could stir investor interest.
For now, Bernitsas isn't focused on large-scale production just yet. The first ready-to-use prototype, slated for splash down in the Detroit River, will be ready in about a year.
"We're where cars were 100 years ago," Bernitsas said. "Hopefully it won't take us 100 years to get where we need to be."
Images: 1. An artist's rendering of a future VIVACE power plant. 2. A schematic of the early VIVACE prototype. Courtesy the University of Michigan.
Video: Early proof-of-concept device generating electricity, which in turn powers the lightbulbs. Courtesy Vortex Hydro Power.
WiSci 2.0: Alexis Madrigal's Twitter , Google Reader feed, and webpage; Wired Science on
Skip Comments. Skip to: Footer. View comments
Watch a Sporty AI Teach Itself to Dribble Better Than You
Matt Simon
Don't Just Lecture Robots—Make Them Learn
Nick Stockton
What's Up With That: The Real Causes of the Thanksgiving Sleepies
The Life Issue
Jordana Cepelewicz
Can Machine Learning Find Medical Meaning in a Mess of Genes?


text:
Book Series Nubia, vol. 1
Bayuda and its Neighbours
Artur Obłuski, Henryk Paner, Mirosław Masojć (eds)
Illustrations:75 b/w, 49 col., 5 tables b/w., 12 maps b/w
Ancient Egypt & North Africa (incl. Roman period)
Landscape Archaeology
Egyptian and Nubian Archaeology
Artur Obłuski is an archaeologist and expert in Nubiology, with particular interests in Nubian monasticism and social and religious transformations in Northeast Africa and the Near East. He has headed an archaeological expedition to Old Dongola and Ghazali in Sudan. He is the first Polish archaeologist to receive a grant from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant),snf id the President of the International Society for Nubian Studies and Head of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw. He promotes the idea of socially responsible archaeology and the engagement of local communities in cultural heritage management.
Henryk Paner has been conducting archaeological research in Sudan since 1993. He managed projects in Old Sennar, Jebel Querri and Awalib, and between 1996 and 2008 he was the project director of the Gdańsk mission to the Fourth Cataract. Since 2009 he has been the manager of the Bayuda Project. Currently he works at the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, and directs the African Department at the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk.
Mirosław Masojć (PhD 2002, University of Wroclaw, Poland) is an Associate Professor at the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Wroclaw, Poland. His principal research interests lie in studying Pleistocene and early Holocene hunter-gatherers in Europe and Northeast Africa, and flint knapping in the Late Bronze Age.
The Bayuda, although an arid desert located in modern-day Sudan, has nonetheless been inhabited, farmed, worshipped in, and fought over by humans from the Palaeolithic onwards. Yet despite the longevity of its human occupation, the region has only in recent years become the focus of more intensive scholarly research. This volume, the first in a series dedicated to exploring the archaeology and history of Northeast Africa, aims to build on this trend by drawing together the very latest archaeological research and data, and shedding light on how the Bayuda Desert and its environs were transformed into a cultural landscape. The contributions gathered here introduce, examine, and (re)assess a number of important issues, many of which are new in the archaeology of Nubia, as well as considering them against a broader comparative background. From climate change over the past millennia — and its far-reaching consequences in the present — through to an examination of the cultural influences of the Kingdom of Kerma, and from analysis of funeral rites through to interpretations of rock art, forgotten trade routes, and the commerce in cattle and slaves, this insightful volume offers a wealth of new information into the history of ancient Nubia.
Introduction — ARTUR OBŁUSKI, HENRYK PANER, AND MIROSŁAW MASOJĆ
Considerations on Terminologies: Based on Data from the Wadi Abu Dom — TIM KARBERG AND ANGELIKA LOHWASSER
Archaeological Heritage of the Bayuda Desert: An Attempt at Evaluating the Project. Introductory Remarks — HENRYK PANER
The Kingdom of Kerma between Egypt and Central Africa — CHARLES BONNET
Cattle in the Nile Fourth Cataract Rock Art: El-Gamamiya 67 Site as an Example — PAWEŁ L. POLKOWSKI
Anthropological Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains from the Old Kush–New Kingdom Cemetery (BP164) in the Bayuda Desert, Sudan — ALEKSANDRA PUDŁO
Meroe and the Moving Nile — M. D. S. MALLINSON AND L. M. V. SMITH
The Natural and Cultural Landscape of the Meroe Region — PAWEL WOLF
The Archaeology of the Sabaloka Region — FAWZI HASSAN BAKHIET
Makuria Deserta. Some Observations on the Changing Pattern of Desert Trails in the Western Bayuda Desert and its Impact on the History of the Region — BOGDAN T. ŻURAWSKI
Life and Death at a Nubian Monastery View publication


text:
[ARCHIVED] ARP Community Survey Now Available
SPOKANE COUNTY, Wash. – Spokane County is projected to receive approximately $101 million in economic relief funds as part of the federal American Rescue Plan (ARP) Act of 2021.
ARP was passed by Congress and signed into law by the President on March 11, 2021. This nearly $2 trillion coronavirus rescue package is designed to facilitate the United States' recovery from the devastating economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Although the ARP funds are similar to the CARES Act funds passed in 2020, in that their purpose is to assist communities in the effort towards economic recovery, there are some key differences between the two streams of funding. The types of eligible projects and reporting requirements are among the most important differences. As projects and programs are considered, it will be extremely important for all local governments and recipients of ARP funding to understand the requirements of this new funding. For more information about ARP and the eligible uses, please visit www.spokanecounty.org/ARP
The Spokane County Board of Commissioners is working to formulate a strategy for distribution of these funds. As part of that effort, the Board has initiated an online survey for individuals and businesses to submit ideas and recommendations on how to prioritize the eligible uses these funds.
The Board understands and shares the concerns of many about the negative impact COVID-19 has had on our community. These funds will be aimed at providing direct aide for pandemic relief, addressing economic fallout, and building a foundation for a strong and equitable recovery.
Chair of the Spokane County Board of Commissioners, Josh Kerns, stated, "This is a one-time opportunity for our county. We need to get this right. We must strengthen our community with these dollars and the best way to do that is through getting our economy back on track. The Spokane County Board of Commissioners want input from every corner of the County."
The survey is asking for community feedback in several areas to properly prioritize funding. Please take the survey so your input can be included in the plan for the long-term economic recovery and resiliency of our community. The survey can be accessed on the Spokane County home page by visiting the ARP homepage at: www.spokanecounty.org/arp or by directly going to www.spokanecounty.org/communitysurvey


text:
Humble Danny Burstein as Tevye: 'I'm as shocked…
Humble Danny Burstein as Tevye: 'I'm as shocked as you are'
Danny Burstein
PUBLISHED: November 24, 2015 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: August 25, 2021 at 5:28 a.m.
NEW YORK – The first time Danny Burstein performed the song "If I Were a Rich Man" in public, he left one woman in tears.
It was in front of 6,000 people at a group sales meeting in Orlando, Fla. The song is a poor Jewish milkman's fantasy of what material comforts wealth would bring him.
When Burstein was finished, a security guard in a red jacket who looked close to 70 came up. She said she was Syrian, and she wanted to know how Burstein had gotten into her head.
"She said, 'How did you know? It's like you're describing my family. You started singing and I started crying,'" he said.
That a song could cross such a gulf in history and nationality is largely due to the majesty of the musical "Fiddler on the Roof" but also to the singer, a humble Broadway veteran whose hard work and decency seems always to shine through.
Burstein at 51 is taking his biggest leap yet on Broadway – playing the classic role made famous by Zero Mostel, Topol and Theodore Bikel. It is in previews.
"People keep saying to me, 'How are you going to make your Tevye different? What's he going to do?' The only thing I can do is to be as honest about it as possible, to be as real about it as possible and to walk into the room with an open heart."
The Tony Award-winning musical about a Jewish milkman from the Ukrainian village of Anatevka is based on stories by Sholom Aleichem. Tevye, a poor Orthodox Jew with five rebellious daughters, is at its heart.
The original production in 1964 starred Mostel and had an almost eight-year run, offering the world such stunning songs as "Sunrise, Sunset" and "Matchmaker, Matchmaker."
This revival marks Burstein's 16th Broadway show and comes in his 32nd year as an acting professional, earning five Tony nominations. He was in the original casts of "Titanic" and "The Drowsy Chaperone" and the recent revivals of "South Pacific," "Cabaret" and "Follies."
While he may not be too well known outside of New York, Burstein is known as the consummate stage pro, at home in comedy, drama or musical.
"I'm one of those union guys who likes to go to work every day," said the five-time Tony nominee. "I love my job. I love high-fiving the doorman when I walk in."
"I'm not somebody who is in a TV show who'll bring in a lot of tickets. But I think I could be somebody who does a really good job."
Someone who agrees is Sheldon Harnick, the Tony winner who wrote the lyrics for "Fiddler on the Roof." Harnick said Burstein's naturalism is perfect for Tevye: "That's the hallmark of his performance – reality and honesty."
To get ready for the part, Burstein hit the gym and has grown a lush beard. ("They love me in Brooklyn," he joked.) He and director Bartlett Sher have teased out a fresh take on Tevye's relationship with God, with whom he is constantly in conversation.
"What if his relationship with God was less subservient and more on an equal basis?" Burstein asked. "I'd like him to get (angry) at God and let Him know about it. Like, 'Really? You did this to us?' "
Burstein, who has Jewish ancestry on both sides of his family, grew up listening to the original cast recording of "Fiddler on the Roof." He was in a community-theater production at 16 and in a summer-stock production with Bikel when he was 21.
"I don't deny all the ghosts that are with me from the past, but what I hope to do is take them with me and honor them," he said.
Burstein is married to actress Rebecca Luker, whose starring roles on Broadway include "Mary Poppins," "Nine" and "The Music Man." They have two grown sons, Alex and Zach.
Burstein only recently ended a year-run in "Cabaret" and is now preparing for another long run, but this time as the show's leader.
That means few nights out, a steady diet of bland food, soups and salads, and his face in a steam machine all winter to protect his voice. He thinks it's worth it.
"It's a great, great role. I never thought I would ever play the role, but when it was offered to me, I knew I couldn't turn it down," he said. "It's a lovely pat on the back and I'm as shocked as you are."
Slipknot bringing Knotfest Roadshow to Santander Arena in April
Here are five mental health tips to help you tackle 2022
When it comes to families, life and love persist [opinion]


Established in 2005, Wadi Degla Developments has built an impressive portfolio of integrated residential, commercial and recreational real estate landmarks consisting of 19 projects spreading over 7 million square meters and 32,000 units.
Wady El Nil is a leading company in the field of contracting and real estate investments since its establishment in 1989. We are a distinguished projects developer seeking to be our customer's first choice. " Upville " our latest project is a full-fledged residential project that lies in 6th October city over 363,000 m2 and well connected to the city center. "Upville" is set on an elevated land of up to 56 meters above road level, providing a better climate, while ensuring magnificent views of the city,along with the expanse parks and landscaped areas in the project.


text:
9-12 / Campaign for Liberty / Conservative / Constitution / Democrat / Fire Congress / Glenn Beck / John Birch Society / Libertarian / Liberty Candidates / Money Bomb / Neo-Con / Politics / Republican / Republican Liberty Caucus / Ron Paul / Sarah Palin / Tea Party / Uncategorized / We Surround Them
And Now for My Summation of The Tea Party by Gigi Bowman
October 6, 2010 Gigi Bowman5 Comments
There are three distinct facets of the tea party within the local communities and within those facets there are more arms and legs running nowhere.
The Tea Party which began in 2009 represents The Republican Party. They say they don't but they put Sarah Palin at the helm as it's voice to show that it was a NEW version –and really, they aren't any different –she rubs shoulders with Kissinger and she pals around with it's controlled opposition in the form of Glenn Beck and they fight to get Republican's in office to replace Dems.
Then there is the Tea Party from 2007 which represents Libertarian/Ron Paul Republican's who have a Mission Statement that guides their rationale as a whole which includes Sound Money, Free Market, Individual Liberty, Constitutional Government and Non-Interventionist Foreign Policy. This mission puts them at odds with the Tea Party/Republican Party because of the anti-war/non-interventionist stance which doesn't sit well with the Religious Right of the Tea Party troopers. Also, They feel that the Fed does not only need to be audited, but Ended Completely which seems a bit conspiratorial for the Republican/Conservative Tea Party. With a penchant for Austrian Economics the voices that represent this sect of the tea party are Judge Napolitano, Tom Woods, Lew Rockwell, Michael Badnarik to name a few. They are Libertarian bent but many of the Ron Paul rEVOLutionaries are also Conservative Republicans, Anarchist, Minarchist, Voluntarist, big and small L Libertarians and on and on with labels for every sort of personality. As you can see this group is broken into numerous facets in itself. The only thing that ties the group(s) together is Ron Paul.
And last but not least, there is the Tea Party Express Tea Party which is represented by the Newt Gingrich, sect of the Tea Party. The Neocon Republicans who are truly sitting at the head of the table alongside the Left though acting as it's enemy –we can see that they are at work together through the implementation of everything from loss of Individual Liberty through legislative policies like The Patriot Act and FISA (and Obama voted for both as Senator). We can put John McCain in this group with his recent hosted bill titled "Detain Americans Indefinitely without Trial" http://smargus.com/2010/03/sen-john-mccain-authors-bill-to-detain-americans-indefintely-without-trial/ . These People are the most vile Anti-Liberty subhumans and they are in control of our country along side the left. The most uncanny thing about the Republican Tea Party and the Tea Party Express Tea Party is that they led an entire movement to get Scott Brown elected (based on his single vote against Obamacare –yet he helped to implement Socialist Romney care????) and as soon as he was elected, based on "Tea Party Principles", he turned right around and was the FIRST to jump on John McCain's outrageous bill –which just proves that both facets are really one very polished diamond who know exactly what they are doing and how to gather the troops (tea party people) to do exactly what they want while trying to disguise themselves as PATRIOTS.
These Tea Party Patriots favor legislators like Jim Demint and Michele Bachmann who actually VOTED TO CONTINUE the Patriot Act!
So in reality there is no difference between the Tea Parties….Jim Demint plays all sides and sucks them all in –even the Ron Paul Tea Partier's have a fondness for him because he helped to implement the "Audit the Fed Bill" (HR 1207) by speaking out for it and being one of the first to sponsor it.
One of the few journalist who knew exactly how to tie together the fact that the Right and the Left were one BIG party was our dear departed Alan Stang who is sorely missed by me! In the 2008 election he explained how both Obama and McCain had the same foreign policy advisor, Zbigniew Brzezinski, and it did not matter who won we were going to continue this war indefinitely! http://www.newswithviews.com/Stang/alan170.htm .
Alan Stang also, right before he died, had a lot to say about The Tea Party and it should be heard by all. This is a man who was Awake, Aware and unfortunately no mold was made of him 😦 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgiRVgfN7j4
So the same "Politicians" are playing all sides…..and meanwhile no one is even talking about the fact that the right and the left are truly one big TEA party playing two sides AGAINST Liberty –and while everyone is fighting Right vs Left —Agenda 21/aka Communitarianism has it's tentacles enmeshed in all our lives and it keeps creeping in little by little every single day –from Red Light Camera's to GMO foods to the Green Revolution and Climate Change and Obamacare on the left while John McCain wants to make sure no one can buy vitamins and the Military Industrial Complex is an excuse to call ordinary citizens terrorist on the right.
EVERYONE IS FULL OF SHIT –and no one has a clue how to fight back!
I started an organization called Liberty Candidates http://www.liberty-candidates.org because I wanted to help real, aware, awake humans who are making a run for office –inspired by their "swallowing of the red pill" which basically occurred when these people reached out during 2008 to get Ron Paul elected. (you can see documentation of this in the movie "FOR LIBERTY: How the Ron Paul Revolution Watered the Withered Tree Of Liberty" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emaeln–tzo . We have had up to 260 Liberty Candidates and I stand by them because I believe that if anyone is going to change things through politics and fight the good fight by making people aware about things like Forced Vaccines and Sustainable Development and Corporatism destroying our food supply through Monsanto and our drug supply through Big Pharma –at least these people know what the hell is going on!
I had hoped the "Tea Party" would show it's strength and take on wings and stand behind these liberty candidates…but they HAVE NOT! What has the Tea Party done? What is their purpose? To fight Right vs Left. Their ultimate goal is to get Democrat's out and Republican's in –and that's just more of nothing.
So all we have left is education. And the first place to start is by passing on Niki Raapana's "What is the Hegelian Dialectic"http://nord.twu.net/acl/dialectic.html which I do every day because there is NOTHING else that explains how we are mere pawns in the big game of RISK that a handful of Vampire Ghouls are playing with our lives, our American Sovereignty and our Planet.
9-11 truth, 9-12, Blog Talk Radio, Campaign for Liberty, Catherine Bleish, David F. Nolan, debra medina, Democrat, election 2012, End the Fed, Federal Reserve, first responders, Freedom, fundraiser, Glenn Beck, John Birch Society, Libertarian, Liberty, Liberty Candidates, Michael Badnarik, Neo-Con, Politics, Republican, Ron Paul, Sarah Palin, Tea Party, Vote, we are change, We Surround Them
Liberty Candidates Calendar
The Myth of the Wasted Vote
5 thoughts on "And Now for My Summation of The Tea Party by Gigi Bowman"
Niki Raapana says:
This is a great summation Gigi, and now I'm glad I didn't contact you for input before I wrote my letter. Because if I'd had this I wouldn't have written my letter at all, I'd just have reposted your excellent summary of the factions and the direction the Tea Party has been led. Actually, and since it didn't fit in my stupid blogger comment program, I'd like to add it to the bottom of the post… may I?
Steve Mumm says:
With so many people crashing the tea party it's becoming just a big noise. If all this nudges the Republican Party to the libertarian "right" so much to the good. But it does pain me to to see so many neocons trying to steal the show. Is there a politician anywhere who can be elected (and re-elected) without talking out of both the left and the right sides of his mouth—instead of straightforward? In fact, there is—Ron Paul.
An open letter to all members of local Tea Parties | YourDaddy's Politics says:
[…] and Sustainable Development. I haven't found any local Tea Party groups (besides affiliates of Gigi Bowman in NY) who are being asked to discuss or vote on communitarian changes to the U.S. […]
Doug Newberry says:
I saw this coming a mile away… It is sad how the process has been hi-jacked. The democrats and the Republicans are two cheeks of the same ass.
When they finally do destroy what is left of the greatest country in the history of the world… then the war for TRUE revolution and freedom can be fought. Until then they are just tinkering with the knobs on the machine that is destroying America.
Vote for LIBERY!
Bill Pojunis says:
http://billinvegas.blogspot.com/2012/02/state-of-tea-party-in-clark-county.html
This is my report from Nevada on the "Tea Party"


Juniel said she went to her manager wedding also she went to rainbow island festival, she watch Yoo Seungwoo there.
If her boyfriend said "You're pretty" juniel said she will feel good, but she didnt believe it.
Juniel rather hear that she's cute from her boyfriend. Because she think she's not pretty.
Kwill: But juniel is pretty. Dajung: True, juniel is pretty though. Juniel: ah.. i dont think so. Juniel: It's been a while though, since last time i have boyfriend. Kwill: Why are you suddenly confessing like this?
Juniel usually sings "Happy Ending" when she sings congratulatory song.
Juniel: When i'm attending Oh jieun wedding. Kwill: Ah i'm there too. Juniel: She and Her groom, Sung Jinhwan sings duet together.


text:
(-) Western Hemisphere (20)
(-) Fellowships & Exchanges (21)
Production & Sustainability (2)
Borlaug Fellowship Program (15)
Emerging Markets Program (EMP) (1)
Faculty Exchange Program (1)
Food for Peace (PL-480) (1)
Scientific Cooperation Research Program (1)
Stakeholder Notice (10)
(-) South Africa
USDA Announces $1.5 Million for Educational Fellowship Programs in Ghana, Guatemala, and Mexico
The U.S. Department of Agriculture is awarding $1.5 million to Texas A&M University and the University of Missouri to establish school-based programs in Ghana, Guatemala, and Mexico through the International Agricultural Education Fellowship Program.
USDA Funds Six International Research Projects on Climate-Smart Agriculture
FAS is awarding $300,000 to six U.S. universities – including three minority-serving institutions – for research and educational partnerships focused on climate-smart agriculture in tropical countries.
2021 Highlights: Expanding Opportunities, Tackling Challenges for U.S. Agriculture
Throughout 2021, FAS was proud to support USDA's efforts to create more and better markets for U.S. agriculture, to address the climate crisis, and to promote nutrition and food security.
USDA Awards $500,000 to Texas A&M for International Agricultural Education
USDA is awarding $500,000 to Texas A&M University's Norman Borlaug Institute to establish and teach school-based programs in Guatemala through the International Agricultural Education Fellowship Program.
Accepting Applications for 2019 Borlaug Global Research Alliance Fellowships
The U.S. Department of Agriculture is now accepting applications for the 2019 Borlaug Global Research Alliance Fellowships. Fellows will work with a mentor at USDA's Agricultural Research Service or a U.S. university for up to 12 weeks on resilient...
Accepting Applications for 2018 Borlaug Cocoa Fellowships
The U.S. Department of Agriculture is now accepting applications for the 2018 Borlaug Global Cocoa Initiative Fellowships. Fellows will work with a mentor at USDA's Agricultural Research Service or a U.S. university for up to 12 weeks on research...
The U.S. Department of Agriculture is now accepting applications for the 2017 Borlaug Global Research Alliance Fellowships. Fellows will work with a mentor at USDA's Agricultural Research Service or a U.S. university for up to 12 weeks on climate...


Project CARS Official Forum > Other Games > Project CARS > General Discussion > unable to counter steer or brake steer, need help!
View Full Version : unable to counter steer or brake steer, need help!
Let me explain this one, I had a xbox type logitech controler that is working really fine, but to get a better racing feeling I bought a wheel, momo racing force feed back. I bought this cheep to see if I was to like it, and I did. But.... Since I'm playing with the wheel, I encounter several bugs but here is not that point. When the game works fine (25% of the time) I figured out that with My controler I was able to drift, recover from an over steer and brake steer the car. I'm not the fastest one but I can keep up with the rest of the other players and have a good time.
Now with the steering; I cannot let the car have any wheel spin at all, it'll end up in infinite spin outs. When over steer or little wheel spin in acceleration occur, I counter steer in result that it just throw the car in infernal spin outs in the other way.( and I don't keep the gas in the floor and try to tap brakes a little) So I have to drive really too carefully wich result that I'm rolling in general 4-5 seconds slower than I would with my controler.
I figured out that some of my friends have the same problem with their G27.
Is this happening for every car or are we talking about opened wheelers ? ...... Maybe a sensitivity issue or even calibration if not done correctly?
I think you're not fast enough with steering. Sounds like that.
It's reall hard to turn the wheel fast enough, i know that. It's really a matter of practice. I had the same problem in the past with GTR 2.