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Unmasking the Cucks
Jane Weir, American Renaissance, January 29, 2016
Vox Day and John Red Eagle, Cuckservative: How "Conservatives" Betrayed America, Castalia House, 2015, Kindle only, 190 pp., $4.99.
Cuckservative! A term for duplicitous, nation-betraying pseudo-conservatives, it was the Insult of the Year for 2015. It horrified the lefties at Salon and the Washington Post last summer, and appalled the faux-conservatives at National Review, all of whom denounced it as crude, offensive, and obscene.
Such a marvelous neologism was tailor-made for a book title, and here we are with the first one out of the chute, by Vox Day and John Red Eagle. Fresh as yesterday's news–it mentions the Bataclan theater killings in Paris on November 13, and the San Bernardino shootings of December 2–Cuckservative is at once a book of trenchant political criticism, a detailed economic analysis of the costs of unbridled immigration, a historical survey of human migration and its perils, and a call to arms.
What does immigration have to do with cuckservatism? Right now, immigration, amnesty, and whether to admit Muslim "refugees" are the biggest issues in the national debate. Among so-called conservatives, they're what divide the cucks–such as Paul Ryan and Marco Rubio–from those of a more nationalist or race-realist type of whom the most obvious example is Donald Trump.
And the immigration debate isn't just another political squabble that will blow over in six months. It is a crisis of gravest historical significance. As the authors explain:
Cuckservatism . . . has already presented an existential threat to the United States of America in barely half the time it took communism to bring about the collapse of the Soviet Union . . . . The 50-year mass migration into the United States [i.e., since 1965] is the single largest invasion in human history. At over 60 million, it dwarfs Operation Barbarossa, in which Hitler sent 3.8 million men into the Soviet Union. It is two orders of magnitude larger than the Mongol horde of Batu Khan, which conquered over 2.3 million square miles of territory from Burma to Bulgaria. It is one thousand times larger than the First Crusade. And it is twice the number of immigrants who entered the United States between 1870 and 1930 and, at the time, represented an estimated 60 percent of the entire world's immigrants.
It requires a near-complete ignorance of history to assume, as cuckservatives do, that an invasion of this magnitude will not have an extraordinary impact on the long-term fate of the United States, or that it does not represent an existential threat to the very survival of America as a nation.
This gaze into the abyss comes from the final chapter, "A Challenge to the Cuckservative," in what I describe as the call to arms. It's such a shivering-cold look at our possible (probable?) future, it makes me grateful the authors chose such a whimsical, frivolous title for the book. If Mr. Day and Mr. Red Eagle had called their book Suicide by Immigration or How America Ends I think it would have been too painful to read.
Instead, the authors ease us into the nightmare gradually. We start with a friendly, sprightly foreword by blogger/Twitter personality and author of Gorilla Mindset, Mike Cernovich:
The word "cuckservative" triggers conservatives. As a prominent user of the word, I've seen the leading voices in mainstream conservatism react in horror when called a cuck. On Twitter, the very men who complain that society has been too feminized shriek like little girls and block anyone who uses the term. National Review, the leading publication of the mainstream conservative movement, has even begun to ban commenters who dare to use it . . . .
The Republican Party, as well as conservative media standard bearers such as National Review and think tanks like the Manhattan Institute, have sold out the American people. Not only do these "conservatives" constantly call for open borders despite their disastrous effects on most Americans, but they have appropriated the terminology of the Left in calling all those who oppose open borders "racists" or "xenophobes."
So, cuckservatives are false conservatives who are thrilled to see real Americans get screwed over by immigration!
After that crisp précis of the cuckservative-immigration nexus, the authors move on to recent events. They remind us of the immigration crises of 2014-2015, beginning with the story of "unaccompanied children" from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras suddenly streaming across our southern border. Then there's the broader crisis in the Middle East, as millions of refugees swarm into southeastern and finally western Europe. And yet this European "refugee" crisis–I use quotation marks because these migrants are mainly single young men and do not fit the UN definition of refugees–is small beer compared to what's happening in our own country:
[I]n 2013 alone the U.S.A. took in 1,060,462 people, 280,276 of them Muslim. Those one million new U.S. residents are in addition to the 12 million illegal aliens who already reside in the United States, part of a demographic change that has seen the European-American share of the population decline to 62.1 percent, down from 87.5 percent in 1950.
And this explains the phenomenon of Donald Trump, the one Republican presidential contender who calls for the deportation of all 12 million illegals. It also helps explain the popularity of socialist Sen. Bernie Sanders, the lone Democratic hopeful who has dared to criticize unbridled immigration.
Mr. Trump and Mr. Sanders are the only two presidential candidates who argue that immigrants, legal and otherwise, hurt employment and wages among Americans. Regarded as gadflies and flakes by the mainstream Republicans and Democrats, these two men seemed to connect with ordinary Americans, and their poll numbers skyrocketed. (Note: While Mr. Sanders supports a "path to citizenship" for illegals, he has repeatedly blamed Wall Street for the immigration problem, and implied that the numbers need to be curtailed.)
The subject matter of Cuckservative is much grimmer than that of Vox Day's previous book, SJWs Always Lie, but the two bear a striking resemblance. They both have excellent, vicious cartoons by the pseudonymous "Red Meat," and a foreword by a quasi-celebrity of internet culture (Milo Yiannopoulos wrote the foreword for SJWs). Both books' opening chapters give us a quick overview, gradually leading into deep, sometimes abstruse background material. In Cuckservative, Messrs. Red Eagle and Day warm us up by demolishing the whole mythology surrounding the canard that America is a "nation of immigrants."
The Melting Pot: This wasn't some traditional watchword of American democracy and equality. It was the title of a 1908 play by Israel Zangwill about recent immigrants from Tsarist Russia to the Lower East Side of New York.
"Give me your tired your poor . . .": This Emma Lazarus poem, inscribed on a plaque affixed to the Statue of Liberty, has been used for 130 years to advance the nation-of-immigrants idea. After Ellis Island became a processing center in the 1890s, the poem was even used to imply that the purpose of the statue was to welcome immigrants. In fact, the statue's real name is Liberty Enlightening the World, and commemorates the 100th anniversary of the founding of the United States as a land of liberty.
The United States was founded, intentionally, as a nation of immigrants. This is one of those soft propaganda lies invoked to justify mass immigration. In fact, the U.S.A. was founded by and for English-speaking inhabitants mostly from the British Isles. There were immigration restrictions from the very start, and the first American citizenship law allowed naturalization only of "free white persons of good character." There were no "anchor babies" and no automatic spousal-citizenship provisions.
The Magic Dirt theory: This is the notion that a plot of earth can magically change indelible traits: culture, DNA, whatever. You can plant a Canary Island palm in Nova Scotia and it will turn into a Douglas Fir. Change the nationality of Guatemalan indios to "American" and they will become Ozzie and Harriet. This "theory," which Vox Day says he coined himself, is of course a joke. What isn't amusing is that its premises are accepted by most of our politicians and public-policy makers. We're not supposed to discriminate between people of different races, cultures, or national origins because once they are blessed by our Magic Dirt, they are all Americans, same as us.
American exceptionalism; American freedom: the U.S.A. attracts immigrants because it is unique in its level of freedom and restraint of state power. That's what we still tell ourselves, even though abuses of state power have grown enormously in the past century:
Today, in many parts of the Unites States, police can smash in your door in the middle of the night with a battering ram, lob flash-bang hand grenades inside, drag you and children out of bed or bath at gunpoint, kick or rifle-butt you to the ground if you fail to obey quickly enough, and shoot your dog if it barks too much . . . . Similarly, the Internal Revenue Service and other government agencies can target private citizens on the basis of their political views, without any consequences for those who ordered it to be done . . . .
By whatever combination of cultural decay and demographic changes in the electorate, today's Americans already tolerate impositions greater than those that triggered the Revolution. Leftists, particularly since they made their decisive break with the white working class in the 1970s, enthusiastically support the importation of people for whom the above abuses are not new and unwelcome changes, but the normal experience of government throughout history.
The authors then vivisect both our disastrous immigration policy and the follies of cuckservatism, and include a "field guide to identifying the American cuckservative:"
The cuckservative:
Thinks the United States' problems can be solved by tax cuts for billionaires.
Believes that the historical culture and political traditions of an immigrant's homeland have no bearing on that immigrant's future opinions and voting patterns in the United States.
Insists the Republican Party needs to cater to recent Hispanic immigrants to stay relevant.
Supports "a path to citizenship"–amnesty–for illegals.
Asserts that "diversity is our strength."
Is white, but has adopted a nonwhite child.
Claims the word cuckservative is racist.
The authors also provide a history of the 1965 Immigration Act, which took away our traditional restrictions on nonwhite immigrants, and they deflate myths about immigration.
President Lyndon Johnson at Liberty Island to sign the 1965 Immigration Act.
For example, we are often told by both liberals and cuckservatives that immigration is good for the economy. Last summer, the leftist site ThinkProgress.com took Bernie Sanders to task for saying that immigrants take American jobs. ThinkProgress cited a study "proving" that each new immigrant created 1.2 jobs for local workers, and had the potential for adding 2.5. The authors of Cuckservative traced these claims to the source, and found that the paper on which they were based had excluded most of the country, and most immigrants.
The authors re-analyzed the data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and found that immigration between 1980 and 2013 cost American workers about one-fifth of a job per immigrant. It's an intellectual loss as well. In the U.S., and in Britain, the average I.Q. of teenagers dropped two or three points between 1980 and 2008, partly due to immigration of relatively low-I.Q. nonwhites.
Both authors claim American Indian heritage, and they try to draw analogies between the dispossession of the Red Indians and what is now facing white Americans. For example, they offer the Shawnee chief Tecumseh as a kind of nativist prototype who decided to fight the white invader.
These comparisons are inaccurate, and are among the few false notes I found in the book. There never was any unitary Indian Nation; the various tribes of North America fought each other at least as much as they fought the white man. And the political effort to reverse illegal immigration is not seeking to reclaim a nameless patch of soil in North America, but rather to save and preserve the nation known as the United States of America.
Still, the Indian card is a useful one to play when engaging in this debate, since it shuts down the usual attack favored by immigration hucksters: Your people were once immigrants, too! So I can't blame John Red Eagle and Vox Day for waving their feathers. It gives them a nice rhetorical device: "We've seen it all before! Don't let this happen to you!"
Topics: Book Review, Featured, Immigration, Indians, Liberal Myths, Milo Yiannopoulos
About Jane Weir
View all posts by Jane Weir
Jane Weir is a former journalist and current (unpublished) novelist now living in New York City. She has been published in Punch, The Spectator, Food & Wine, and San Diego Home-Garden Lifestyles.
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40 Percent of Germans Want Merkel to Quit over Refugees: Poll >


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Criminal Justice Review examines special victim populations
IMAGE: Lisa Muftic, an associate professor at Sam Houston State University, College of Criminal Justice, served as guest editor for a special issue of Criminal Justice Review on special victim populations.... view more
Credit: Harriet McHale/SHSU
HUNTSVILLE, TX (9-20-17) -- A special issue of Criminal Justice Review focuses on the victimization of specialized populations, including youth involved in prostitution, youth living in foster care, LGBTQ students in middle and high school, female college students, and victims of continuous child sexual abuse, and examines the delivery of services and the development of policy to address these groups. Lisa Mufti?, an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at Sam Houston State University, served as a guest editor.
"Despite the established importance of identifying and studying special populations as they relate to the criminal justice system, less attention has been directed at crime victims and how diversity potentially impacts the delivery of victim-centered programming and the development of policy," Mufti? said.
Mufti? and Ph.D. Graduate Sarah Zedaker co-authored "A Safe Place to Go? A Descriptive Study of Safety Strategies Among College Female Students" for the issue. The article explored safety planning among female students and found that while most students surveyed could identify a safe haven if they faced sexual or domestic violence on campus, several factors influenced that decision. In addition, female students with low levels of social support and those exposed to parental violence were less likely to report having a safe place to go.
"Youth Involved in Prostitution (YIP): Exploring Possible Changes in the Interaction with Police and Social Service Agencies," by Jennifer McMahon-Howard of Kennesaw State University, examines how the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 affects the way police and social service agencies treat youth involved in prostitution. That act, which changed the view of youth involved in prostitution from juvenile delinquents to sex trafficking victims, has done little to change police involvement with these youth or increase services to the population, the study found.
"LGBTQ Student Victimization and Its Relationship to School Discipline and Justice System Involvement," by Neal A. Palmer of CUNY Institute for State and Local Governance and Emily A. Greytak of GLSEN of New York, looks at the relationship among the victimization of the LGBTQ youth in schools, school discipline, and the criminal justice system. These youth experienced more disciplinary actions, such as detention, suspension and expulsion as well as greater justice involvement, such as arrest, adjudication, and detention at adult and youth facilities, according to the article.
"Polyvictimization Experiences and Depression Among Youth Living in Foster Care," by Aimée X. Delaney of Worcester State University and Melissa Wells of the University of New Hampshire, explored depression in youth who not only experienced child maltreatment, but also other victimization while living in foster care. In a self-reported study of youth living in foster care, depression decreased over time for those who had experienced only the initial child maltreatment, except among white males. For youth who faced continued victimization in foster care, depression levels increased, especially among youth of color, the study found.
"Continuous Child Sexual Abuse: Balancing Defendant's Rights and Victim's Capabilities to Particularize Individual Acts of Repeated Abuse" by Dayna M. Woiwod and Deborah A. Connolly of Simon Frazer University, compared statutes in the United States and Australia in cases of repeated abuse. The study examines research on children memory patterns and how it can be used to balance victims' and defendants' rights in these cases.
The "Victimization of Special Populations" is available from Criminal Justice Review at http://journals.sagepub.com/toc/cjra/42/2
Beth Kuhles
kuhles@shsu.edu
@shsucj
http://www.cjcenter.org
Criminal Justice Review
LAW ENFORCEMENT/JURISPRUDENCE
POLICY/ETHICS
SCIENCE/HEALTH/LAW
SOCIAL/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
VIOLENCE/CRIMINALS
Lisa Muftic, an associate professor at Sam Houston State University (IMAGE)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The story begins with Father Anselm Abodo, MA, MSc, PhD(c) (pictured), a Benedictine monk in the Edo state of Nigeria. In 1996, with $200 and colleagues among the Monks of Ewu and a commitment to their local community, he started an herbal company. They named it Paxherbals. Nearly 20 years later, the company has a product line based on 40 local traditional "drugs" as they call them. Paxherbals is a direct employer of nearly 170 local people with 5000 distributors serving some 200,000 throughout Nigeria. The approach to herbs is science based, and research partners are actively sought. Most uniquely, the firm remains deeply embedded in a sustainable business model benefitting the local community.
Paxherbals' self-introduction on its site is this: "Pax Herbal Clinic and Research Laboratories was established in 1996 as a centre for the promotion, development and proper utilization of African medicine." The firm declares its mission: "We aim to promote human health and human dignity, not just the eradication of pain which in fact is an essential aspect of being human. That is what we are up to. That is our business." The firm chooses the herbals it manufactures from local practices, accesses raw materials with local labor, engages Western medical practitioners, and cultivates community in its network of distributors.
This language can stimulate a yearning in those for whom the best choice to connect to nature may be flower boxes or rooftop greenspaces. Abodo goes on: "By reconnecting people with nature, Paxherbals strives to bring them back to health. This might seem very philosophical, but being clear about the purpose of a project gives it a greater chance of succeeding." Remarkable and uplifting guidance in this. Good for ARI to highlight the work and, more importantly, for the vision and manifestation of those who founded the firm they profile. This model is not only worth a read; it is worth seeking to emulate and replicate.


In order to buy a license for BIM extension for Magento user is asked to register an account on the store. This account will be used to keep information about your license and IT support period.
In order to report any suggestions, wishes, bugs or order a customization you may register an account in our Help Desk and create new tickets there.
For our clients we provide Technical Support for BIM extension for Magento. This service is delivered at no extra charge for the duration of the product support period. Technical Support covers fixing post-installation issues which result from improper behavior of BIM extension for Magento. Read our Service Level Agreement for more details.
We will analyze amount of data to define if module needs additional optimization for your store.
We will Install or will help you with installation of R on the server, install R packages and the extension for Magento itself.
First run of data export and data pre-processing. Checking the result, testing if all statistical widgets are working.
Analyze architecture and make suggestions, on which server to run the cron jobs that will export the data.
Configure cronjob for daily data update.
Defining better place for R libraries by creating a directory on webserver, configuring access rights and configuring this directory in BIM as lib directory (could be useful to not install libraries with every system build).
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We will not guaranty successful installation of it will be hard to install all software dependencies on your machine. This could be the case if your version of OS is too old and will not support installation of required version of R interpreter. In such cases you will be able to apply for Refund Under Exceptional Circumstances.


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The Rise of Eddy: Born in the Gutter, Becoming the Intelligentsia
IT TOOK A WHILE FOR THE WRITER to find his words. When the whole world erupted in conversation about the Gilets Jaunes—an amorphous group of yellow-vested protesters who are furious with the French government—he felt powerless. Though he was not on the streets himself, when he heard the world talking about the Gilets Jaunes, he heard the world talking about himself.
The French Twittersphere expected him to take a stance, because Édouard Louis is well-known for his views on French politics and society. So finally, he dove into his own feelings of torn identity, and while the media channeled scenes of violence in the streets, Louis began to write about the "bodies that usually never appear in the public space nor in the media. Long-suffering bodies, ravaged by work, by fatigue, by hunger."
In 2014, the now 26-year-old writer stepped into the French intelligentsia, with En finir avec Eddy Bellegueule, "The End of Eddy Bellegueule," an autobiographical novel. The story of a boy who grew up in a working-class family in Hallencourt, a small town in the north of France. Eddy suffers shame and abuse because Eddy is gay. He wants to escape from a place marked by violence, pain and appetite for the far-right Front National, now called the Rassemblement National. As a teenager, he manages to make it to the nearby city of Amiens, where he finally finds himself, changes his name to Édouard, and enters the prestigious schools he dreamed of attending.
The End of Eddy, Louis' first novel, was widely acclaimed in France and translated into more than 20 languages. In its pages, readers found an uncanny and accusing vision of a French system that neglects too many, leaving them at the mercy of poverty that deforms lives. Louis followed his literary debut with two more works of autobiographical fiction, History of Violence in 2016, and Who Killed My Father in 2018, both espousing even clearer political messages.
"The young author fought back on Twitter, tagging Macron in a post that said, 'Don't try to use me. I write to shame you.'"
Since Emmanuel Macron's election, Édouard Louis has become more vocal about his political views. In June 2018, when the Elysée announced that "everybody reads Édouard Louis," the young author fought back on Twitter, tagging Macron in a post that said, "Don't try to use me. I write to shame you."
Now, Louis is marching hand in hand with the "Comité Adama" to protest against police violence after the death of Adama Traoré who was allegedly murdered by the French police in 2016, near Paris. Along with Didier Eribon—a French sociologist and Louis' former teacher—and the philosopher Geoffroy de Lagasnerie, the young writer has embraced a new career as a leftist intellectual who is willing and able to share his views with the whole world. And the world seems to want a piece of him. Just last year, Louis appeared in The Guardian, Der Spiegel, Corriere della Serra, The New York Times and The New Yorker. His books are read all over the world and have even been adapted for the stage and for the screen. Acclaimed German theater director Thomas Ostermeier's recent adaptation of Louis' History of Violence (Im Herzen Der Gewalt) made headlines in Germany.
Who knows where Louis' peculiar reading of society will go next? Could the French writer prove to be a second wind for the left, in a country that is living through some of its most turbulent times? "In the midst of every crisis, lies great opportunity," said Einstein. Perhaps Édouard Louis could be a ray of light amidst France's turmoil.
"Maybe you have to really come from that world to immediately identify it," Louis said in an interview with The New Yorker. "When I was a kid, my parents, and especially my mother, always said, 'No one is talking about us. No one cares about us.'"
Now at least, there's one writer who does.
Matthieu Amaré
Matthieu is the editor-in-chief of Cafébabel, the coolest European magazine. He has also written for Society, Gonzai and BrainMagazine. He loves PSG and jambon-beurre.
Elections Issue, TextMatthieu Amaré May 8, 2019 FranceEuropean elections, France, Matthieu Amaré, Édouard Louis, Gilets Jaunes, author, twitter, Emmanuel Macron, The End of Eddy, writer, New Yorker
So Close, Yet So Far: Mesut Özil, #MeTwo and the Fight for Belonging in Germany
Elections Issue, TextElias Kühn May 8, 2019 GermanyEuropean elections, Germany, Cem Özdemir, Mesut Özil, #MeTwo, campaign, Hauptschule, DESTATIS
Ilmastoveivi2019: Can Finland Lead the Way in EU Climate Policy?
Elections Issue, TextToon Vos May 8, 2019 FinlandEuropean elections, Finland, Ilmastoveivi2019, Laura Kolehmainen, Council of the European Union, climate change


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Q: Refresh fragment of ViewPager from parent activity My 4 fragments in ViewPager have one common button from parent activity that opens a dialog and should refresh ListViews in these 4 fragments. I tried using static adapters but that didn't work. Now I'm trying to use broadcast but still I won't see my adapter from outer broadcast receiver. Please help.

A: I had same requirement i did following :-
1. Extend pagerAdapter with FragmentStatePagerAdapter
2. Implement below in your pagerAdapter class
 @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

*then when ever you refresh just call -

notifyDataSetChanged();

on adapter.
you can get your adapter from your viewpager as below:

viewPager.getAdapter().notifyDataSetChanged();

here viewpager is reference of my viewpager.

A: add your 4 lists to a map with separate key(1,2,3,4).
if (viewPager.getCurrentItem() == 0){
// show list items with key 1
}else if(viewPager.getCurrentItem() == 1){
//show list items with key 2
}else if(....)

now put a listener and call it on button click.

A: Like always, I've been trying do something for a few days and when I posted it here, I found a thing I've done wrong :D
So, How do I do that:
In each of a child fragments I create a broadcast receiver
    receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context contextBroadcast, Intent intent) {
            createListView(listView, context);
        }
    };

    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
    filter.addAction("com.cukrzyca.DISMISS");
    context.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);

And it turns out you have to prepare IntentFilter well, that's what I've done wrong. Method createListView just refreshes the listView, and dialog dismisses in parent activity I just send broadcast:
public void broadcastDismiss() {
    Intent intent = new Intent();
    intent.setAction("com.cukrzyca.DISMISS");
    getContext().sendBroadcast(intent);
}

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Review: Black Leopard, Red Wolf by Marlon James
Posted by Galina Miteva | 23 April 2019 | Books, Reviews | 0
Black Leopard, Red Wolf is Marlon James's latest book and is the first instalment of the planned The Dark Star trilogy. In Black Leopard, Red Wolf Man Booker Prize winner Marlon James dips into the folklore and myths of Africa to transfer the reader in an amazing, fantastical world that combines the mundane with the most amazing creatures and magic that can be found in African myths and legends. There is magic, there is plenty of gore and for the fantasy map lovers out there the book comes with a gorgeous map of James's world that would make even the best fantasy writers jealous.
James's new novel follows the life and adventures of the main protagonist who is simply called Tracker. Tracker, as the name suggests, is incredibly good at finding people, both living and dead, because he has 'a nose' for it. His nose has been hired for the tracking of a boy whose significance is step by step revealed throughout the story. Tracker embarks upon the quest in a company unlike any other. There is Leopard, a shape shifting man/leopard, there is Bunshi the witch and there is even a giant whose past haunts him. This fellowship soon falls apart as one of the main points of the book is how fickle love and trust are in life. The reader sees how quickly alliances shift whilst Tracker is trying to find the boy. Alongside his quest Tracker meets a number of monsters and creatures from African mythology which make the book incredibly interesting for the readers who love learning something new whilst reading. Marlon James has really mastered how to implement folklore and mythology whilst keeping humanity as real as we know it.
However, the amazing background is not always enough to make the book truly great and captivating. The main issue with Black Leopard, Red Wolf is the characters. There are a lot of characters throughout the book and they do not stand out so they become somewhat interchangeable and really hard to remember or relate to. The way they behave, their beliefs and views on life are so similar that if it wasn't for the names, the reader could easily get confused as to who is who. Also, although the main plot line sounds like an adventure story and a quest to find a lost boy the majority of action is very repetitive and revolves around murder and rape to such an extent that even the gore scenes become tedious to read. It is obvious that the book is meant to reflect our human, 21st century world that indeed has a lot of ugliness in it and there is of course a lot of hope and understanding throughout the story. The homosexual relationships of Tracker and Leopard are seen as something normal and accepted by both humans and magical beings which shines a much needed positive light in the story giving the reader with a lot of food for thought regarding our world and relationships. Still, even this undergoing contemplation of human nature and life becomes obscured by the monotonous action that skips from gory flashbacks to the current quest that is just as involved in a circle of murder, rape and characters who don't really give a damn.
Despite its flaws, James's Black Leopard, Red Wolf is a real celebration of African culture, mythology and folklore. The creatures and magic that the reader encounters throughout the narrative are indeed mind-blowing and incredible, making time spent reading worthwhile. The characters and the action do lack a bit to make James's book a great read but here's to hoping that the next two books from the trilogy will bring us more character development, better plot lines and even more of the amazing, fantastical world in which Tracker and his gang go on further adventures.
Black Leopard, Red Wolf is available now, published by Hamish Hamilton.
Summary The characters and the action do lack a bit to make James's book a great read but here's to hoping that the next two books from the trilogy will bring us more character development, better plot lines and even more of the amazing, fantastical world in which Tracker and his gang go on further adventures.
PreviousReview: Us
NextEdith: This is a song people can listen and relate to
Galina Miteva
An aspiring publisher, an avid reader and an animal lover. All about books, Zelda, travel and furry companions.
Review: Final Fantasy 15
Review: Cabaret
Review: Grandaddy
Review: Casanova


A short film presented after the awards for the Bridge the Gap Race are presented.
The free Millinocket Marathon & Half Marathon began in 2015 when Gary Allen read an article about what the closing of a mill did to the Mount Katahdin region. He couldn't "unsee" that article so a few days later he leveraged some of his running connections and began a grassroots effort. Fueled by social media and the knowledge that runners would come through — the free Millinocket Marathon was born. In lieu of an entry fee — Gary flipped the script and turned the responsibility on runners to spend some time and money in Millinocket to bring the magic back to Magic City. Experience the 2017 Millinocket Half Marathon course following hilarious How Was Your Run Today? podcast hosts, Bryan Gould and Peter Villa. Bryan ran the full marathon in 2016 enduring dangerously cold temperatures. He clearly learned his lesson and signed up for the half marathon in 2017. Peter ran the Millinocket half for the first time having shown up as a spectator in 2016.
Run Millinocket is produced by Greg Shea.


text:
namespace util {

CompressedException::CompressedException() throw() {}
CompressedException::~CompressedException() throw() {}

GZException::GZException() throw() {}
GZException::~GZException() throw() {}

BZException::BZException() throw() {}
BZException::~BZException() throw() {}

XZException::XZException() throw() {}
XZException::~XZException() throw() {}

void ReadBase::ReplaceThis(ReadBase *with, ReadCompressed &thunk) {
  thunk.internal_.reset(with);
}

ReadBase *ReadBase::Current(ReadCompressed &thunk) { return thunk.internal_.get(); }

uint64_t &ReadBase::ReadCount(ReadCompressed &thunk) {
  return thunk.raw_amount_;
}

namespace {

ReadBase *ReadFactory(int fd, uint64_t &raw_amount, const void *already_data, std::size_t already_size, bool require_compressed);

// Completed file that other classes can thunk to.
class Complete : public ReadBase {
  public:
    std::size_t Read(void *, std::size_t, ReadCompressed &) {
      return 0;
    }
};

class Uncompressed : public ReadBase {
  public:
    explicit Uncompressed(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}

    std::size_t Read(void *to, std::size_t amount, ReadCompressed &thunk) {
      std::size_t got = PartialRead(fd_.get(), to, amount);
      ReadCount(thunk) += got;
      return got;
    }

  private:
    scoped_fd fd_;
};

class UncompressedWithHeader : public ReadBase {
  public:
    UncompressedWithHeader(int fd, const void *already_data, std::size_t already_size) : fd_(fd) {
      assert(already_size);
      buf_.reset(malloc(already_size));
      if (!buf_.get()) throw std::bad_alloc();
      memcpy(buf_.get(), already_data, already_size);
      remain_ = static_cast<uint8_t*>(buf_.get());
      end_ = remain_ + already_size;
    }

    std::size_t Read(void *to, std::size_t amount, ReadCompressed &thunk) {
      assert(buf_.get());
      assert(remain_ != end_);
      std::size_t sending = std::min<std::size_t>(amount, end_ - remain_);
      memcpy(to, remain_, sending);
      remain_ += sending;
      if (remain_ == end_) {
        ReplaceThis(new Uncompressed(fd_.release()), thunk);
      }
      return sending;
    }

  private:
    scoped_malloc buf_;
    uint8_t *remain_;
    uint8_t *end_;

    scoped_fd fd_;
};

static const std::size_t kInputBuffer = 16384;

template <class Compression> class StreamCompressed : public ReadBase {
  public:
    StreamCompressed(int fd, const void *already_data, std::size_t already_size)
      : file_(fd),
        in_buffer_(MallocOrThrow(kInputBuffer)),
        back_(memcpy(in_buffer_.get(), already_data, already_size), already_size) {}

    std::size_t Read(void *to, std::size_t amount, ReadCompressed &thunk) {
      if (amount == 0) return 0;
      back_.SetOutput(to, amount);
      do {
        if (!back_.Stream().avail_in) ReadInput(thunk);
        if (!back_.Process()) {
          // reached end, at least for the compressed portion.
          std::size_t ret = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(static_cast<void*>(back_.Stream().next_out)) - static_cast<const uint8_t*>(to);
          ReplaceThis(ReadFactory(file_.release(), ReadCount(thunk), back_.Stream().next_in, back_.Stream().avail_in, true), thunk);
          if (ret) return ret;
          // We did not read anything this round, so clients might think EOF.  Transfer responsibility to the next reader.
          return Current(thunk)->Read(to, amount, thunk);
        }
      } while (back_.Stream().next_out == to);
      return static_cast<const uint8_t*>(static_cast<void*>(back_.Stream().next_out)) - static_cast<const uint8_t*>(to);
    }

  private:
    void ReadInput(ReadCompressed &thunk) {
      assert(!back_.Stream().avail_in);
      std::size_t got = ReadOrEOF(file_.get(), in_buffer_.get(), kInputBuffer);
      back_.SetInput(in_buffer_.get(), got);
      ReadCount(thunk) += got;
    }

    scoped_fd file_;
    scoped_malloc in_buffer_;

    Compression back_;
};

#ifdef HAVE_ZLIB
class GZip {
  public:
    GZip(const void *base, std::size_t amount) {
      SetInput(base, amount);
      stream_.zalloc = Z_NULL;
      stream_.zfree = Z_NULL;
      stream_.opaque = Z_NULL;
      stream_.msg = NULL;
      // 32 for zlib and gzip decoding with automatic header detection.
      // 15 for maximum window size.
      UTIL_THROW_IF(Z_OK != inflateInit2(&stream_, 32 + 15), GZException, "Failed to initialize zlib.");
    }

    ~GZip() {
      if (Z_OK != inflateEnd(&stream_)) {
        std::cerr << "zlib could not close properly." << std::endl;
        abort();
      }
    }

    void SetOutput(void *to, std::size_t amount) {
      stream_.next_out = static_cast<Bytef*>(to);
      stream_.avail_out = std::min<std::size_t>(std::numeric_limits<uInt>::max(), amount);
    }

    void SetInput(const void *base, std::size_t amount) {
      assert(amount < static_cast<std::size_t>(std::numeric_limits<uInt>::max()));
      stream_.next_in = const_cast<Bytef*>(static_cast<const Bytef*>(base));
      stream_.avail_in = amount;
    }

    const z_stream &Stream() const { return stream_; }

    bool Process() {
      int result = inflate(&stream_, 0);
      switch (result) {
        case Z_OK:
          return true;
        case Z_STREAM_END:
          return false;
        case Z_ERRNO:
          UTIL_THROW(ErrnoException, "zlib error");
        default:
          UTIL_THROW(GZException, "zlib encountered " << (stream_.msg ? stream_.msg : "an error ") << " code " << result);
      }
    }

  private:
    z_stream stream_;
};
#endif // HAVE_ZLIB

#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB
class BZip {
  public:
    BZip(const void *base, std::size_t amount) {
      memset(&stream_, 0, sizeof(stream_));
      SetInput(base, amount);
      HandleError(BZ2_bzDecompressInit(&stream_, 0, 0));
    }

    ~BZip() {
      try {
        HandleError(BZ2_bzDecompressEnd(&stream_));
      } catch (const std::exception &e) {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
        abort();
      }
    }

    bool Process() {
      int ret = BZ2_bzDecompress(&stream_);
      if (ret == BZ_STREAM_END) return false;
      HandleError(ret);
      return true;
    }

    void SetOutput(void *base, std::size_t amount) {
      stream_.next_out = static_cast<char*>(base);
      stream_.avail_out = std::min<std::size_t>(std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max(), amount);
    }

    void SetInput(const void *base, std::size_t amount) {
      stream_.next_in = const_cast<char*>(static_cast<const char*>(base));
      stream_.avail_in = amount;
    }

    const bz_stream &Stream() const { return stream_; }

  private:
    void HandleError(int value) {
      switch(value) {
        case BZ_OK:
          return;
        case BZ_CONFIG_ERROR:
          UTIL_THROW(BZException, "bzip2 seems to be miscompiled.");
        case BZ_PARAM_ERROR:
          UTIL_THROW(BZException, "bzip2 Parameter error");
        case BZ_DATA_ERROR:
          UTIL_THROW(BZException, "bzip2 detected a corrupt file");
        case BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC:
          UTIL_THROW(BZException, "bzip2 detected bad magic bytes.  Perhaps this was not a bzip2 file after all?");
        case BZ_MEM_ERROR:
          throw std::bad_alloc();
        default:
          UTIL_THROW(BZException, "Unknown bzip2 error code " << value);
      }
    }

    bz_stream stream_;
};
#endif // HAVE_BZLIB

#ifdef HAVE_XZLIB
class XZip {
  public:
    XZip(const void *base, std::size_t amount)
      : stream_(), action_(LZMA_RUN) {
      memset(&stream_, 0, sizeof(stream_));
      SetInput(base, amount);
      HandleError(lzma_stream_decoder(&stream_, UINT64_MAX, 0));
    }

    ~XZip() {
      lzma_end(&stream_);
    }

    void SetOutput(void *base, std::size_t amount) {
      stream_.next_out = static_cast<uint8_t*>(base);
      stream_.avail_out = amount;
    }

    void SetInput(const void *base, std::size_t amount) {
      stream_.next_in = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(base);
      stream_.avail_in = amount;
      if (!amount) action_ = LZMA_FINISH;
    }

    const lzma_stream &Stream() const { return stream_; }

    bool Process() {
      lzma_ret status = lzma_code(&stream_, action_);
      if (status == LZMA_STREAM_END) return false;
      HandleError(status);
      return true;
    }

  private:
    void HandleError(lzma_ret value) {
      switch (value) {
        case LZMA_OK:
          return;
        case LZMA_MEM_ERROR:
          throw std::bad_alloc();
        case LZMA_FORMAT_ERROR:
          UTIL_THROW(XZException, "xzlib says file format not recognized");
        case LZMA_OPTIONS_ERROR:
          UTIL_THROW(XZException, "xzlib says unsupported compression options");
        case LZMA_DATA_ERROR:
          UTIL_THROW(XZException, "xzlib says this file is corrupt");
        case LZMA_BUF_ERROR:
          UTIL_THROW(XZException, "xzlib says unexpected end of input");
        default:
          UTIL_THROW(XZException, "unrecognized xzlib error " << value);
      }
    }

    lzma_stream stream_;
    lzma_action action_;
};
#endif // HAVE_XZLIB

class IStreamReader : public ReadBase {
  public:
    explicit IStreamReader(std::istream &stream) : stream_(stream) {}

    std::size_t Read(void *to, std::size_t amount, ReadCompressed &thunk) {
      if (!stream_.read(static_cast<char*>(to), amount)) {
        UTIL_THROW_IF(!stream_.eof(), ErrnoException, "istream error");
        amount = stream_.gcount();
      }
      ReadCount(thunk) += amount;
      return amount;
    }

  private:
    std::istream &stream_;
};

enum MagicResult {
  UTIL_UNKNOWN, UTIL_GZIP, UTIL_BZIP, UTIL_XZIP
};

MagicResult DetectMagic(const void *from_void, std::size_t length) {
  const uint8_t *header = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(from_void);
  if (length >= 2 && header[0] == 0x1f && header[1] == 0x8b) {
    return UTIL_GZIP;
  }
  const uint8_t kBZMagic[3] = {'B', 'Z', 'h'};
  if (length >= sizeof(kBZMagic) && !memcmp(header, kBZMagic, sizeof(kBZMagic))) {
    return UTIL_BZIP;
  }
  const uint8_t kXZMagic[6] = { 0xFD, '7', 'z', 'X', 'Z', 0x00 };
  if (length >= sizeof(kXZMagic) && !memcmp(header, kXZMagic, sizeof(kXZMagic))) {
    return UTIL_XZIP;
  }
  return UTIL_UNKNOWN;
}

ReadBase *ReadFactory(int fd, uint64_t &raw_amount, const void *already_data, const std::size_t already_size, bool require_compressed) {
  scoped_fd hold(fd);
  std::string header(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(already_data), already_size);
  if (header.size() < ReadCompressed::kMagicSize) {
    std::size_t original = header.size();
    header.resize(ReadCompressed::kMagicSize);
    std::size_t got = ReadOrEOF(fd, &header[original], ReadCompressed::kMagicSize - original);
    raw_amount += got;
    header.resize(original + got);
  }
  if (header.empty()) {
    return new Complete();
  }
  switch (DetectMagic(&header[0], header.size())) {
    case UTIL_GZIP:
#ifdef HAVE_ZLIB
      return new StreamCompressed<GZip>(hold.release(), header.data(), header.size());
#else
      UTIL_THROW(CompressedException, "This looks like a gzip file but gzip support was not compiled in.");
#endif
    case UTIL_BZIP:
#ifdef HAVE_BZLIB
      return new StreamCompressed<BZip>(hold.release(), &header[0], header.size());
#else
      UTIL_THROW(CompressedException, "This looks like a bzip file (it begins with BZh), but bzip support was not compiled in.");
#endif
    case UTIL_XZIP:
#ifdef HAVE_XZLIB
      return new StreamCompressed<XZip>(hold.release(), header.data(), header.size());
#else
      UTIL_THROW(CompressedException, "This looks like an xz file, but xz support was not compiled in.");
#endif
    default:
      UTIL_THROW_IF(require_compressed, CompressedException, "Uncompressed data detected after a compresssed file.  This could be supported but usually indicates an error.");
      return new UncompressedWithHeader(hold.release(), header.data(), header.size());
  }
}

} // namespace

bool ReadCompressed::DetectCompressedMagic(const void *from_void) {
  return DetectMagic(from_void, kMagicSize) != UTIL_UNKNOWN;
}

ReadCompressed::ReadCompressed(int fd) {
  Reset(fd);
}

ReadCompressed::ReadCompressed(std::istream &in) {
  Reset(in);
}

ReadCompressed::ReadCompressed() {}

void ReadCompressed::Reset(int fd) {
  raw_amount_ = 0;
  internal_.reset();
  internal_.reset(ReadFactory(fd, raw_amount_, NULL, 0, false));
}

void ReadCompressed::Reset(std::istream &in) {
  internal_.reset();
  internal_.reset(new IStreamReader(in));
}

std::size_t ReadCompressed::Read(void *to, std::size_t amount) {
  return internal_->Read(to, amount, *this);
}

std::size_t ReadCompressed::ReadOrEOF(void *const to_in, std::size_t amount) {
  uint8_t *to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_in);
  while (amount) {
    std::size_t got = Read(to, amount);
    if (!got) break;
    to += got;
    amount -= got;
  }
  return to - reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_in);
}

} // namespace util

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Select a Location Cincinnati Florence Louisville
Why Choose DPR
We're NRCA ProCertified
Choose Your Shingles
Total Protection Roofing System
Residential Metal Roofs
Cedar Shakes and Shingles
Velux Skylights
Commercial Roofing Portfolio
Commercial Roofing Systems
Flat Roof System Replacement Considerations
Induction Welded Roof Systems
Commercial Metal Roof Systems
Green Roofing Systems
Commercial Roofing FAQ
Residential FAQ
Metal Roof Systems
Residential Metal Roof Systems
Various types of metal roofing systems can be found in residential structures. Two common types are standing seam metal roofs and flat lock metal roofs. Metal is also used in chimney flashings, wall flashings, trim, valleys, and box gutter liners. Metal systems are recommended by roofing professionals because of their longevity, durability, appearance, resistance to wind, reflectivity, and resistance to fire. Many metal roofs currently in service around the world have been in place for hundreds of years.
The successful installation of a metal roofing system begins with several design considerations, including the following:
Roof Pitch – Standing seam metal roofs are typically recommended on slopes greater than 3/12. Flat lock roofs are recommended on slopes 3/12 or less.
Type of Metal – Dissimilar metals can corrode when they come in contact with one another or drain on each other. Also, some metals are naturally weathering while others require painting. In most situations, copper and galvanized steel should not be used on the same roof system.
Thickness of Metal – The gauge or weight of metals must be considered for different types of installations and applications. Copper is commonly used in weights of 16 ounces per sq foot or 20 ounces per square foot. Galvanized steel is measured by gauge. 26 gauge steel is thicker than 28 gauge steel (Lower gauges are thicker than higher ones). Aluminum is measured in inches. Common thicknesses of aluminum (from thinnest to thickest) include .019, .024, .027, and .032.
Interior Building Conditions – Vapor retarders or corrosion protection for the underside of the roofing panels must be considered if vapor is able to infiltrate the roof panels. Effective vapor retarders include self-sealing ice and water guard or synthetic underlayment.
Type of Fastener – Rivets, nails, and screws used in metal roofing applications must be compatible with the metal being installed. For example, Galvanized roofing fasteners should be used with galvanized steel panels, and copper or stainless steel fasteners should be used with copper panels. Careful consideration should also occur when fasteners penetrate treated wood.
Thermal Movement – Metal, like all building materials, expands and contracts when exposed to changes in temperature. Metal roofs and box gutter liners can fail if thermal movement is restricted. (Please see the article below that appeared in Professional Roofing magazine.)
Underlayment and Slip Sheets – Combinations of Rosin paper, asphalt felt, and (high temperature) ice and water guard are used to allow the metal panels to expand and contract without tearing the underlayment. The low melting point of the asphalt must also be considered as some metal systems can reach temperatures of 200 degrees Fahrenheit.
Metal Finish – Three types of metal finishes can be installed on residential structures – naturally weathering metals, factory-applied painted systems, and field applied pre-painted systems. Naturally weathering (and corrosion resistant) metals include copper, stainless steel, and zinc. These metals do not require a painted finish as they oxidize to form a protective coating or patina. The seams on these systems are soldered. Pre-painted systems include steel and aluminum. It's important to note that one drawback to these systems is that seams cannot be soldered and must be sealed using caulk. Field painted finishes include galvanized steel systems. Galvanized steel seams are soldered and then base metal can be painted to eliminate corrosion.
After a proper design is specified, a skilled sheet metal foreman will install the metal system. These individuals must be skilled at soldering to successfully install flat lock metal roofs, box gutters, and flashings. Solder is used to fuse metal seams together to ensure that they are watertight. Deer Park Roofing does not recommend the use of caulk as a substitute for solder.
Standing Seam Metal Roofs
Metal standing seam roofs have been gaining popularity as a residential roofing system. These roofs should be installed with concealed fasteners to eliminate the risk of water infiltration at the screw heads. The panels are installed with seam heights of 1 to 2 inches. The seams enable thermal movement within the metal panels, add structural support to the system, and provide a watertight seal. Pre-painted metal panels come in a wide range of color options and can be fabricated from steel or aluminum. Factory-applied paint systems will perform much better than field-applied paint systems.
Standing seam metal systems can also be designed using copper or galvanized steel. The galvanized steel panels can be designed to replicate the 'tin roofs' used in previous centuries. Panels can be fabricated in 10 ft lengths using a break or in custom, lengths using a roll former. These roofs are designed to last upwards of 60 years, approximately 3 times as long as asphalt shingle roofing systems.
Flat Lock Metal Roofs
Flat lock roofing systems are fabricated out of copper, galvanized steel, and sometimes stainless steel. These types of roofs are commonly found on cupolas, domes, spires, porches, and low sloped roof areas. Metal panels are fabricated in a sheet metal shop with four interlocking seams, two bent upward and two bent downward. Panels must be similar in size – 18 inches by 24 inches or smaller and secured to the roof deck with metal cleats to absorb thermal movement and prevent damage to the panels or the seams. Flat locked seams must be soldered on all roofs with a slope less than 8/12.
Box Gutters
For information about built-up gutter systems, box gutters, and/or box gutter liners Click Here.
The following types of metals are commonly used in roofing systems:
Steel is the most common metal used in residential roofing because of its strength and cost-effectiveness. Steel is a metal alloy that consists of 98% iron and 2% carbon. Steel that is used for metal roofing must be painted or galvanized to prevent it from corrosion.
Galvanized steel is coated with a thin layer of zinc. When the zinc coating deteriorates, the roofing components will begin to corrode when exposed to water and oxygen. The rate of corrosion on steel roofs depends on the pitch of the roof, the level of humidity, and the presence of a protective coating. Steep sloped steel roofs will last longer than lower slopes because the water drains faster and the metal dries quicker. Galvanized steel is easily soldered and can be used for almost any flashing detail while pre-painted steel cannot be soldered.
Most building codes require a minimum thickness of 26 gauge steel. The National Roofing Contractors Association recommends a minimum thickness of 26 gauge steel for all types of gutters.
'Tin Roofs' are actually made from steel that contains a tin/lead alloy coating. Roofing professionals referred to this type of metal as Terne. Terne metal was easily soldered, durable, and cost-effective in comparison to other metal roofing systems. These roofs are commonly found on residential structures in 28 or 30 gauges. Periodic maintenance is required in the form of painting.
Copper Roof systems are known for their durability, longevity, and beauty. Copper sheets used for roofing applications are measured in ounces per square foot instead of thickness. The most common copper weights are 16 and 20 ounces. Copper is easily soldered and requires very little maintenance. Copper is a very soft (malleable) metal and lacks the strength that other metals possess.
Aluminum is a corrosion-resistant material that can be used to install standing seam roof systems, gutters, and downspouts. Aluminum has a very high rate of thermal expansion (and contraction) relative to other metals. For this reason, emphasis must be placed on proper design when aluminum is specified on roofing projects. Aluminum used in roofing is pre-painted in a variety of colors. Common aluminum thicknesses (in inches) are .019 or .024 inches for trim or flashing. The National Roofing Contractors Association recommends a minimum thickness of .032 aluminum for gutters.
Aluminum is very difficult to solder and is not recommended for many flashing details.
Understanding thermal movement in residential metal roof systems is key to long-term performance
Roofing contractors often are amazed at the time-tested craftsmanship of sheet-metal systems that are removed from historical structures. It's not uncommon for some of these systems to date to World War II. The one thing all long-lasting systems such as standing-seam, flat-lock, and built-in gutters have in common is their ability to accommodate thermal movement. Unfortunately, when thermal movement is restricted, contractors may witness failures in as little as five years.
Contractors that install metal roof systems on steep-slope structures, must understand the direction and effect of thermal movement on various metal types.
The principles behind thermal movement are easily misunderstood. Anything that is not visible to the naked eye can be overlooked. It's not likely, for example, for a roofing contractor to notice a ¼-inch expansion in an aluminum panel. In addition, failures caused by thermal movement usually occur over dozens of thermal cycles or seasons, and the original installers or designers sometimes are not around to witness the failures. For that matter, a homeowner or building owner could have sold the property, as well. Failures associated with thermal movement also often are misdiagnosed and blame is often placed upon poor workmanship or improper soldering.
When thinking about thermal movement, it helps to visualize the movement of liquid mercury in an old-fashioned thermometer. As temperature increases, the atomic particles in the mercury move faster, causing it to expand. Conversely, as the temperature decreases, the atomic particles slow down and the liquid metal contracts.
The rate of thermal movement varies by the type of metal installed and the temperature of the base metal. It is important to note ambient air temperature will differ from the temperature of the metal, and direct solar radiation plays a major role in this process. Also, the surface temperature of metal roofing materials can range from 25 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than ambient air temperatures in the winter and more than 100 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the ambient air temperature in direct summer sunlight. Based on these temperatures, a base metal could have a temperature change of over 200 F.
The formula Delta L = L•Delta T•Ce where Delta L is the change in length, Delta T is the change in temperature and Ce is the coefficient of expansion for each metal, which can provide the amount of expansion and contraction in common roofing materials.
Metal type Coefficient of expansion (per 1 degree F) Change in temperature Expansion and contraction in a 10-foot section Expansion and contraction in a 40-foot section
Aluminum .0000129 200 F 0.3096 inches 1.2384 inches
Galvanized steel .0000067 200 F 0.1608 inches 0.6432 inches
Stainless steel .0000096 200 F 0.2304 inches 0.9216 inches
Copper .0000098 200 F 0.2352 inches 0.9408 inches
The coefficient of expansion is constant for all metal thicknesses. For example, 24-gauge galvanized steel has the same coefficient of expansion as 26-gauge galvanized steel, and the coefficient of expansion for 16-ounce copper is the same as that of 20-ounce copper.
It's important to define several principles of thermal movement in residential systems.
Accumulated thermal movement occurs when the lengths of metal are mechanically attached to each other. For example, four 10-foot sections of metal that are riveted together will expand and contract exactly as a continuous 40-foot section of the same metal. The mechanical attachments will move with the metal as long as they do not penetrate the substrate.
Accommodation of thermal movement occurs when hook strips, panel clips, or cleats are used to hold sheet metal in place. Metal systems are most durable when they are able to float in at least one direction. Expansion joints also are used to minimize stresses and force caused by expansion and contraction.
Fixed points secure metal to the structure of a house such as roof sheathing. Fasteners installed as fixed points direct the thermal movement of the metal away from the fastener but do not accommodate expansion and contraction in the manner cleats and hook strips do. Examples of fixed points include a fastener near the ridge of a standing-seam panel that penetrates the substrate or a downspout outlet in a built-in gutter system.
Absorption of thermal movement occurs in flat-lock metal systems and across standing seam panels. The movement is contained in each panel, absorbed into the seams and cleats, and directed upward into the panels. It is the opposite of accumulated thermal movement.
Flat-lock roof systems
Flat-lock roof systems are designed to absorb thermal movement within each panel. The proper design includes maximum panel lengths of 18 by 24 inches for copper and stainless steel; galvanized steel pans can be slightly larger. Thermal movement is absorbed in these systems when installers lock panels onto hook strips on the roof's perimeter and connect them with a flat seam in the roof's field. All panels are secured to the roof system using cleats installed 12 inches on center with two fasteners in each cleat. The panels must be fully sweated with solder in all low-slope applications.
Solder joints are the weakest parts of the system as they usually consist of equal parts lead and tin. The melting point of solder is around 390 F, and the melting points of copper and galvanized steel are 1981 F and 2500 F, respectively. Failures in the solder joints can occur from expansion and contraction of the substrate or building structure. For this reason, expansion joints should be installed on flat lock systems with lengths greater than 30 feet in any direction. A common expansion detail using a tapered wood batten can be seen below.
If the panels are similar in size and temperature, forces from expansion and contraction will be equally absorbed within the cleats located at the seams. Design professionals and installers can control panel size but not panel temperature. Direct solar radiation (or lack thereof) can vary throughout the roof and affect the rate of expansion differently from one panel to another, especially on larger roofs. As the surface area of each panel increases, the force and length of thermal movement increases. Smaller panels are able to absorb thermal movement better than larger panels. It is imperative to avoid copper or stainless-steel panels larger than 18 by 24 inches because thermal movement in larger panels have greater force, which increases stress on soldered flat-lock seams. Common failures from thermal movement in flat-lock systems occur when the perimeter is improperly attached to another metal system, such as built-in gutters or wall flashings.
It is important to note copper, which already has a higher coefficient of expansion, absorbs more heat than other metals. This increases its surface temperature and the associated thermal movement. Galvanized metal systems that are painted can reflect sunlight, decreasing their surface temperature. Failures can occur when removing a more reflective galvanized steel or terne metal system and duplicating the details using copper.
Built-in gutter systems (Box Gutters)
Built-in gutter liners must consist of a solderable metal such as galvanized steel, stainless steel, or copper. As previously noted, the thermal movement of galvanized steel systems is much less than that of copper and stainless steel liners. Homeowners often upgrade to more expensive copper liners for aesthetic reasons only to witness failures because of increased stress from the higher coefficient of thermal expansion. Although steel liners are susceptible to corrosion if they are not properly maintained (painted), they are less likely to fail from restricted movement on most residential projects.
Major damage can occur when built-in gutter systems fail because they are part of a building's structure. Common failures that roofing contractors encounter are caused by leaks in the seams and deterioration of the metal liner. Seam failures often can be prevented by the proper accommodation of thermal movement in the system. The seams are the liner's weakest points, similar to the seams in flat-lock systems.
When using the formula provided for gutter systems, it's important to understand the movement of the liner at the width and length. A common steep-slope built-in gutter liner is fabricated in 10-foot lengths and 28-inch widths. The change in the width is small on most residential applications. If "stretch outs," or widths, of the gutters are longer than normal, consider using thicker metal, such as 24-ounce copper or 24-gauge galvanized steel.
The expansion and contraction of a gutter liner will occur in a more significant manner along the length. The change in length on a 10-foot section of copper is nearly a ¼ of an inch based upon a temperature change of 200 degrees. When four 10-foot sections of copper gutters are lapped and riveted at the seams, the accumulation of thermal movement can result in a change in length of nearly 1 inch. A 200-degree temperature differential is not out of the realm of possibility when a metal liner is exposed to direct solar radiation.
Proper accommodation for thermal movement in a gutter system should start with a continuous hook strip on the face of the gutter. It also should include cleats to secure the gutter apron (beneath the roofing material) to the roof sheathing. These two securement methods will allow the liner to float along its length.
Installers also can place expansion joints at appropriate locations. If two outlets or fixed points exist on the ends of the same linear section, the expansion joint should be placed in the middle of the gutter as the movement would occur away from each fixed point. If one outlet is located at the end of the gutter, a single expansion joint would be installed on the opposite end of the outlet tube. An expansion joint should be installed on all sections longer than 30 feet.
Installation practices that can restrict movement in a built-in gutter include the following:
Fastening directly through the metal liner on the face of the gutter
Securing the gutter apron directly to the roof deck with fasteners
Roofing material fasteners penetrating the metal liner
Rivets at the seams that penetrate the wood substrate
The force of thermal movement along the length of a built-in gutter liner usually is no match for a rivet that penetrates a wood substrate. Rivets often can be found bent sideways at seams, causing the solder to fracture. Carefully drilled holes through the wood substrate can allow the rivets to move with the liner and not damage the seams.
When movement is restricted, stress fractures can occur in the liner's field. Similar to an aluminum soda can that is bent back and forth several times, a puncture eventually will develop. Forces from thermal movement exerted on gutter liners at imperfections from the installation or fabrication eventually can rupture if the movement is great enough. It is important to note that the exposure of solar radiation of the gutter liner will vary on different sides of the house. Failures from thermal movement occur on the southern exposure more often than any other direction.
Difficult repair work
It is important to understand and accommodate thermal movement before installing any metal roofing project because repairs after installation rarely are effective. Resoldering a seam is nearly impossible after the base metal has oxidized or is exposed to dirt and debris. Elastomeric coatings and roof cement are temporary solutions to stopping leaks on these systems.
Without accommodating thermal movement, coatings and cement are subject to the same forces that caused the seams to fail in the first place. Furthermore, expansion joints, hook strips, and cleats are difficult and costly to add to an existing liner or flat-lock roof. Complete system replacement usually is the only long-term option when these systems encounter problems.
Standing-seam roof systems
Raised seams provide additional strength to metal panels and accommodate thermal movement. Standing-seam systems are attached with clips to allow panels to expand and contract vertically. Similar to built-in gutter systems, expansion along the width of each panel is not large enough to be a cause for concern. Individual panels absorb horizontal movement and accumulation of panel widths across the roof surface (from side to side) does not occur.
An exposed fastener at the ridge, eave, or midpoint that secures a panel to the substrate is a fixed point. Fixed points are required on standing-seam systems to eliminate drag forces. If panels are installed without fixed points, the panels can slide vertically towards the eaves. Thermal movement will occur away from a fixed point as follows:
Fixed point located at ridge: movement occurs towards the eave
Fixed point located at eave: movement occurs towards the ridge
Fixed point at the midpoint: movement is directed away from the fastener towards both the eave and ridge
Multiple fixed points are not recommended because they can cause panels to buckle. It is common to see multiple fixed points near penetrations. The panels at these locations will be negatively affected by the restriction of thermal movement. If the panel length is long enough, stress caused by movement toward an exposed fastener can allow water infiltration. In these situations, it is important to ensure the panels can float in one direction even where penetrations exist.
Underlayment considerations
When designing any metal roof or gutter system, it is important to realize that not all types of underlayment are acceptable. Granule-surfaced underlayment, like sandpaper, is abrasive to sheet metal as it expands and contracts. Also, an underlayment with a low melting point such as asphalt can stick to metal panels and tear during thermal movement. For this reason, it is important to apply underlayment that is suitable for high temperatures in metal systems. Rosin paper can be used as a slip sheet between metal panels and underlayment. Since seams are soldered using a 400 degrees F iron, rosin paper also prevents asphalt underlayment from contaminating the seams if it liquefies. Underlayment also can be used to protect the underside of metal systems from interior moisture that could corrode the panels.
Failures are more likely to occur when materials with high coefficients of thermal expansion, such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel, are improperly installed. Systems that were installed decades ago with terne metal or painted steel will not have the same physical properties as a system designed with a different type of metal panel or liner.
Remember, metals absorb and reflect sunlight differently and will expand and contract at different rates. For instance, copper is known for its beauty and endurance, but it absorbs heat and expands at a greater rate than other metals. Its surface temperature will be greater than that of painted steel or aluminum that is exposed to direct sunlight. Homeowners that request materials with greater thermal movement also should receive the accessories that secure the panels without restricting movement, including cleats, expansion joints, panel clips and hook strips.
Who knew? Thermal Expansion and the St. Louis Arch
A ceremony was planned at The Gateway Arch in St. Louis for the morning of Oct. 28, 1965, to celebrate the topping out of the stainless-steel monument. Morning sunlight caused the arch to expand more than expected, and, as a result, the keystone was 5 inches too long to be set in place. Water was successfully sprayed on the south leg of the monument that morning to cool down the surface and cause it to contract.
This article was authored by Deer Park Roofing, Inc. President Nick Sabino for Professional Roofing magazine and was published in April 2016.
For more information about metal roofing systems, please Email Us.
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Inked version of Sourpuss, with the shading added.
Flat-colouring for Sourpuss – still iffy on the eye colour, yellow eyes is technically a bit unrealistic, but i think it might work out. Going to render and see how it goes.
Dropped some red in for the background – still haven't decided on the details yet, but i want to at least know how the general colour will affect the rest of the image – and added some basic lighting.


text:
Drug Policy Alliance — General Support
Drug Policy Alliance supporters at a rally in Santa Fe, New Mexico. (Photo courtesy of DPA)
To support DPA's efforts to promote alternatives to current drug policies to reduce the harms of drug prohibition and drug use.
Good Ventures awarded a grant of $150,000 to the Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) for general operating support. We selected the DPA based on our impression that it is the leading nonprofit working on drug policy reform. Learn more about our rationale for awarding this grant and why we believe drug policy reform is a promising philanthropic cause.
This award is a "learning grant," meaning that it's designed to help us learn more about an organization or cause we find promising. This grant is unrestricted so that the organization can decide for itself how best to translate the funds into impact. Follow our blog, Give & Learn, for updates on what we learn from this grant and others.
Give & Learn: Learning Grants in Policy Advocacy
Topics: Drug Policy Reform, Policy


text:
Кры́мская а́томная электроста́нция — недостроенная атомная электростанция, расположенная вблизи города Щёлкино в Крыму на берегу солёного озера (которое планировалось использовать в качестве пруда-охладителя). Проект станции однотипен действующей Балаковской АЭС, недоведённым до проектной мощности Хмельницкой АЭС, Ростовской АЭС и АЭС Темелин. Крымская АЭС, будучи в высокой степени готовности, после распада СССР была заброшена из-за аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС (готовность первого энергоблока — 80 %, второго — 18 %).

История строительства
Первые проектные изыскания были проведены в 1968 году. Строительство начато в 1975 году. Станция должна была обеспечить электроэнергией весь Крымский полуостров, а также создать задел для последующего развития промышленности региона — металлургической, машиностроительной, химической. Проектная мощность Крымской АЭС 2 ГВт (2 энергоблока по 1 ГВт) с возможностью последующего наращивания мощности до 4 ГВт, — типовой проект предусматривает размещение на площадке станции 4 энергоблоков с реакторами ВВЭР-1000/320.

В ноябре 1980 года строительство АЭС объявлено Республиканской ударной комсомольской стройкой, а 26 января 1984 года — Всесоюзной ударной стройкой. После строительства города-спутника Щёлкино, насыпи водохранилища и вспомогательных объектов с 1982 года началось возведение собственно АЭС. От керченской ветки железной дороги была проложена временная линия, и в разгар строительства по ней прибывали по два эшелона стройматериалов в сутки. В целом строительство шло без существенных отклонений от графика с запланированным пуском 1-го энергоблока в 1989 году.

В реакторное здание первого энергоблока уже был поставлен и установлен на проектное место уникальный полярный кран.

С помощью этого крана должны были выполняться дальнейшие подъёмно-транспортные и строительно-монтажные операции внутри реакторного отделения:
 в период строительства АЭС: операции по перемещению и складированию оборудования (частей реактора, корпусов парогенераторов, компенсатора давления, главных циркуляционных трубопроводов и насосов и др.), а затем их установке на проектные места.
 после пуска станции: выполнять транспортно-технологические и ремонтные работы по обслуживанию ядерного реактора.

Ядерное топливо было завезено, но не использовалось, радиационной опасности не представляет.

Неблагоприятная экономическая ситуация в СССР и катастрофическая авария на четвертом энергоблоке Чернобыльской АЭС 26 апреля 1986 года привели к тому, что к 1987 году строительство было приостановлено, а в 1989 году было принято окончательное решение отказаться от пуска станции.
К этому времени на строительство АЭС было затрачено 500 млн советских рублей в ценах 1984 года.
На складах оставались материалы ориентировочно ещё на 250 млн рублей. Станцию начали медленно растаскивать на чёрный и цветной металлолом.

События, происходившие после остановки строительных работ

С 1995 по 1999 год в машинном зале (турбинное отделение) проводились дискотеки фестиваля «Республика КаZантип». Реклама гласила: «Атомная вечеринка в реакторе».

В 1998—2000 годах реализацией имущества станции занималась «Восточно-Крымская энергетическая компания», созданная как дочернее предприятие на базе АЭС. Всего за это время было продано материальных ценностей на сумму 2,204 миллиона гривен.
Датский кран «Kroll» K-10000, установленный для монтажа ядерного реактора, был продан Фондом имущества в сентябре 2003 года за 310 тысяч гривен при первоначальной цене в 440 тысяч гривен.

В 2004 году Кабинет министров Украины передал Крымскую АЭС из ведения Министерства топлива и энергетики Совету министров Крыма, которому было поручено продать оставшееся имущество — реакторное отделение, блочная насосная станция, корпус мастерских, охладитель на Акташском водохранилище, плотина Акташского водохранилища, подводящий канал с водоприёмным резервуаром, масло-дизельное хозяйство станции, дизель-генераторная станция, а вырученные средства направить на решение социальных и экономических проблем Ленинского района Крыма, и в частности г. Щёлкино. Реакторное отделение Крымской АЭС было реализовано представительством Фонда имущества Крыма в начале 2005 года за 207 тыс. долларов.

Перспективы использования площадки АЭС и развития города-спутника
В 2006 году территория бывшей АЭС выбрана как одно из возможных мест создания пилотного проекта промышленного парка. В 2008 начаты подготовительные работы по реализации проекта промышленного парка «Щёлкинский индустриальный парк», городской совет Щёлкино передал в собственность «Щёлкинскому индустриальному парку» часть объектов, находящихся на данном земельном участке.

По оценке директора концерна «Росэнергоатом», строительство новой АЭС на полуострове бесперспективно, а энергию можно вырабатывать ветряными, солнечными и неядерными теплоэлектростанциями. Из текущего состояния площадки Крымской АЭС восстановить её невозможно. Также в ней использовался проект 1960-х годов, тогда как сейчас строительство АЭС ведётся по проектам 2000-х годов. Построить полностью новую АЭС может быть экономически выгодней, чем восстанавливать старую, но архитектурных проектов для атомных электростанций малой и средней мощности в настоящее время нет.

Снос Крымской АЭС
В 2021 году было принято решение о сносе недостроенных зданий на территории, где должна была находиться Крымская АЭС. Завершить работы по сносу Крымской АЭС планируется в конце 2022 года, а территорию в дальнейшем — использовать в качестве инвестиционной площадки.

Информация об энергоблоках

См. также
 Энергетика Крыма
 Исследовательский реактор ИР-100 (Севастополь)

Примечания

Ссылки
 Фотографии Крымской АЭС в Щелкино
 Фотографии Крымской АЭС по состоянию на 2012 год

 Заброшенная атомная электростанция в Крыму, вид с беспилотника (видео), Газета.ru, 25.09.2015

Недостроенные атомные электростанции СССР
Недостроенные атомные электростанции Украины
Недостроенные атомные электростанции России
Здания и сооружения, заложенные в 1975 году
Электростанции Крыма
Экономика Ленинского района Крыма
Всесоюзные комсомольские стройки
Индустриальный туризм и городские исследования
1975 год в Крыму
Экология СССР

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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ghosts of sheep gone missing.
when the phone rings—my call.
because, as she tells me, she is nearly blind.
of her name, address, and age: 98.
but a friend will help her find it.
she'll send in the ballot.
to put things where they belong.
that is opaque to us both.
than water can eat into rock.
than the acids that scrape at our pipes.
sings in our livers. Poisons the heart.
Our children won't come to the table.
who sleep with their eyes wide open.
in my house. Turn on the tap.
filled with thin green peppers that will make me cry.
Susanna Lang's most recent collection of poems, Travel Notes from the River Styx, was released in June 2017 by Terrapin Books. Other collections include Tracing the Lines (Brick Road Poetry Press, 2013) and Even Now (The Backwaters Press, 2008) as well as a chapbook, Two by Two (Finishing Line Press, 2011). A two-time Hambidge fellow and a recipient of the Emerging Writers Fellowship from the Bethesda Writer's Center, she has published original poems and translations from the French in such journals as Little Star, Prairie Schooner, december, Blue Lyra Review, Prime Number Magazine and Poetry East. Her translations of poetry by Yves Bonnefoy include Words in Stone and The Origin of Language. Among her current projects is Self-Portraits, a chapbook collection of ekphrastic poems focused on women across the arts. She lives in Chicago, where she teaches in the Chicago Public Schools.


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Geforce GTX 1060 Mining: Overclocking and Testing. will test Nvidia GTX 1060 mining hashrate for various.How do you guys get such high hashrate for Siacoin with GTX1080.
AMD RX 570 vs RX 470 vs RX 580 Hashrate comparison: which is better.
You will receive a ready to mine MiningCave RIG that will allow you to mine the most popular digital currencies like Ethereum, Monero, Zcash, Expanse, SiaCoin, Decred.Once you overclock the memory you should be able to get the hashrate on the GTX 1060 up to.


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