text:
1 Corinthians 11 – Why Head Coverings for Women? Does it apply today?
/ Category 1 Corinthians 11, Culture, Genesis 1, Genesis 2, Genesis 4, Head Coverings or Veils, Headship
/ 4 Comments.
1 Corinthians 11:3-12 – The Head Coverings.
Has Finney stumbled on the answer?
How this passage fits in
The problems
Is it about both men and women?
Is it about head coverings, or hair styles?
Did Paul suddenly just make something up on the fly, or is this passage deeply theological?
Verse-by-Verse
11:3 – But I want you to understand that Christ is the head of every man, and the husband is the head of his wife, and God is the head of Christ.
11:4 – Any man who prays or prophesies with something on his head disgraces his head,
11:5 – but any woman who prays or prophesies with her head unveiled disgraces her head—it is one and the same thing as having her head shaved.
11:6 – For if a woman will not veil herself, then she should cut off her hair; but if it is disgraceful for a woman to have her hair cut off or to be shaved, she should wear a veil.
11:7 – For a man ought not to have his head veiled, since he is the image and reflection of God; but woman is the reflection of man.
11:8 – Indeed, man was not made from woman, but woman from man.
11:9 – Neither was man created for the sake of woman, but woman for the sake of man.
11:10 – For this reason a woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels.
11:11 – Nevertheless, in the Lord woman is not independent of man or man independent of woman.
11:12 – For just as woman came from man, so man comes through woman; but all things come from God.
Guppydas / Foter / CC BY
Must women cover their heads to pray? Must men remove head coverings?
That is what this passage says, but does it apply today?
1 Corinthians 11:3-12 is responsible for more than its fair share of column-inches in commentaries and text books. The reason is that Paul is appealing to some cultural mores and other contemporaneous ideas, many of which we do not have fully documented. Most commentators admit at least some degree of ignorance. A few go further, accusing Paul of being unclear, confused, or mistaken. But given the large body of material which makes up the Pauline corpus, and the reputation that it establishes for the author, it is unwise to suppose that he has lapsed so severely only here! It is wiser to suppose that the misunderstanding lies with the reader.
The preponderance of commentators, although ranging widely in their opinions about key aspects of the passage, all agree on one thing about 1 Corinthians 11:3-12: We do not have sufficient information to definitively interpret all of Paul's thoughts.[1]
Having studied the passage (details below), I am convinced of this (from the conclusion):
The timeless application for either gender would be, "pray in a contemporarily decent way, noting that Jesus Himself is present, and you are watched by the angels".
The instructions to women to cover their head is a cultural norm, which would be considered the proper and decent thing to do in the presence of their male family members. It is roughly equivalent to wearing modest clothing. For men, however, to uncover their head is a theological statement that Christ is present at worship, and this invokes another cultural norm for men: to have their head uncovered when praying in the presence of a superior. Paul does not articulate all of this because it is assumed knowledge.
Here is my "workings":
The quest is to locate a suitable interpretive key which presupposes and therefore reveals the erudite work of the Apostle, as he has established across the wider corpus. In his research into the variety of situations and customs with respect to head coverings in 1st Century life, Finney may have located this key. It seems, however, that he has not recognised it among the many other wonderful cultural artefacts he unearthed in his study.
If his description of these manners and customs is correct, the key to unlocking the bulk of this elusive passage could consist in one unspoken premise in the Apostle's theology: that Christ is present at our worship. This is sufficient to explain Paul's instructions respectively to men and to women, and makes sense of his illustrations and rationale.
We do know that much of I Corinthians is written in response to a number of matters which came to Paul's attention via messengers from Corinth (1 Cor 1:11; 16:15-18),[2] and that it presupposes previous correspondence (1 Cor 5:9).[3] We do not, however, know precisely the situation or question Paul is addressing in this passage, except that it relates to the manner in which worship is conducted, and relates in some way to head coverings. Paul's instructions do reinforce a clear distinction between males and females, but this arises from a set of reasoning which commentators find difficult to define. Hays calls it, "by any standard – laboured and convoluted",[4] and in part, "completely cryptic".[5] He detects a "theological quagmire",[6] and even suggests that Paul "recognizes the weakness of his own rather fragmented argument".[7]
But another thing we know from elsewhere in the New Testament is that Paul is both erudite and masterful in his argumentation and rhetoric. Any confusion, therefore, should be assumed to reside in the reader, and not in the writer of this passage. We may yet lack the proper interpretive keys to fully discern Paul's intent, but had we those keys available, as Garland alludes,[8] we should expect to find Paul's clear and logical argumentation revealed, and Hays' criticisms to rebound on himself.
The primary areas of confusion include: the range of meanings for the term, "κεφαλὴ" (literally, "head"); the meaning of "κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων" (literally, "down from the head"); the potential ambiguity of "ἀνήρ" (literally "man") and "γυνή" (literally "woman"); the intended meaning of "ἐξουςίαν" ("authority"); and also the purpose of Paul's reference to the angels. Importantly for modern interpreters,[9] the possible range of hermeneutic exposition includes both the explicit subordination of women on one hand,[10] and their complete liberation on the other.[11]
The whole passage 11:3-12 makes important statements both about men and about women. The men here are no mere hypothetical foil against which to understand instructions about women,[12] contra Garland.[13]
There is some support[14] for understanding "κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων" as a reference to hair, since literally it means "down from the head". But this view confuses the illustration of shame and honour associated with hair (vv 5-6), with the application that it illustrates: a matter of liturgical head coverings. Furthermore there is no contextual cue to suggest that Paul is treating a woman's hair as part of her genitalia as the equivalent of testicles, contra Martin.[15]
Finney details Greco-Roman and Jewish traditions of head coverings in various settings. He concludes that Paul is proposing a "radical alternative",[16] in his instruction for men, but may be missing a vital element in his own reasoning. Innovation is, to say the least, uncharacteristic for Paul, and in this case would be especially strange given the subsequent appeal, not to some divine insight, but to tradition (v2), nature (v14), and theological precedent (vv7-9, 12). If all Finney's research is correct, then by his own reasoning a solid conclusion can be drawn: whereas in a worship setting, in the presence of non-kin,[17] a head covering is appropriate for a woman;[18] for a man, a head covering would be appropriate only if nobody deserving of greater honour were present.[19] It is not clear why Finney fails to suggest that Pauline theology presupposes that Christ is present at worship (cf. 1 Cor 5:4), rendering head coverings unambiguously inappropriate for men.
"θέλω δὲ ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι" ("I want you to know…") indicates that Paul is teaching something. Either it was part of the παραδόσεις ("traditions", or "teachings") of verse 2,[20] or something not previously mentioned.[21] Paul outlines here the intent of this passage through to verse 16: to teach something about the relationship of Christ to man, man to woman, and God to Christ.
That relationship is bound up in the meaning of the term "κεφαλή". It has been argued that this expression indicates some kind of authority,[22] or even supremacy,[23] or alternatively that it means "source".[24] In subsequent verses it also refers to the physiological human head, in connection with hair (v5). In this sense it is a "polyvalent"[25] term, and indeed, is being employed as a pun,[26] in the "Hebrew poetic convention"[27] of parallelism, in which Paul was no doubt versed (Phil 3:5).
Lowery sees the whole passage as being about "subordination".[28] Such views earlier made it a "favourite Arian text",[29] since that would diminish ὁ Χριστός ("Christ") with respect to ὁ θεός ("God"). However, this verse can't support the idea that Paul intended the linear "chain of command",[30] consisting of God-Christ-Man-Woman, that Lowery supposes.[31] The clauses in this sentence deal nominatively, first with Christ, then with man, then with God. This mitigates against such a linear interpretation. Garland finds the references to Christ as a "frame",[32] and similarly concludes that the sequence vitiates the argument for reading "authority".[33]
Paul also explicitly disclaims the inference that κεφαλὴ could mean "source", in verses 11 and 12: in albeit significantly different ways, men and women are described effectively as the source of one another, and the source of both [equally], is God.
Another suggested understanding is "pre-eminence", which involves the notion that "glory and shame flow upward".[34] This is not directly an authority hierarchy in the way Ciampa suggests.[35] In terms of authority hierarchy, shame sometimes flows "downward", too. God can bring shame on his people (Jer 23:40), and shame can flow between authority-peers (Prov 25:9-10). The honour-shame concept is involved in, but not necessarily coterminous with outright authority. Thiselton, describes it as a "more complex frame",[36] but succinctly put, one's "status and value is summed"[37] in one's κεφαλὴ.
The presence and absence of definite articles varies across the main clauses of this sentence. The man is definite, as is Christ, whereas the woman is not. Colwell's rule relies on locating the verb,[38] but unfortunately, the clause concerning "woman" only implies the verb. The differences could lend support to translating "ὁ ἀνήρ" as "the" husband, per NRSV, but the NRSV also translates "γυναικὸς" as definitely "the" wife. It could remain indefinitely "a" woman and still make sense. "few commentators defend"[39] the translation, "husband", but Blomberg attempts it.[40]
"Προφητεύων" ("prophesying") refers to uttering an intelligible (1 Cor 14:6) message, given by God to the speaker.[41]
Christ is τὴν κεφαλὴν ("the head") of πᾶς ἀνὴρ ("every man"), and would therefore be disgraced by men covering their heads at worship if he is present at worship, under Finney's understanding, hence the simple statement of this verse: "Any man who prays or prophesies with something on his [physical] head disgraces his [sociological] head"
Using Finney's logic above, the pun concerning κεφαλὴ here becomes simple to understand. To pray or prophesy with her κεφαλὴ uncovered means to eschew her veil. This would disgrace her κεφαλὴ, which refers to her male kin (from v3). The disgrace is equivalent to having been shaven, which would only normally occur as a form of public humiliation.[42]
The humiliation of being shaven is not because a woman thereby becomes "like a man", Contra Fee,[43] Thiselton,[44] and others. To be likened to a man may indeed be a rare honour.[45] Instead, the humiliation relates to the diminution of womanhood,[46] and would therefore more closely be related to the shame of the barren (Gen 30:23), and the eunuch (Isa 56:3-5).
Paul summarises his assertion in language equivalent to: "Since we all agree that a shorn woman would be thoroughly shameful, and since we all agree that worshipping without her veil is precisely the equivalent, let's all agree that at worship she should wear her veil."
"κείρασθαι" ("let her shear herself") and "ξυρᾶσθαι" ("to be shaven") differ in voice. Κεἱρασθαι is middle, and ξυρᾶσθαι is passive. Κεἱρασθαι may therefore denote a woman's self-abasement, whereas ξυρᾶσθαι may be something imposed on her. Or, it could be a rhetorical escalation from shortish hair in the one instance, to none at all in the second. But in the absence of other clues, the difference could merely be colloquial. The two could be being used as "virtual synonyms".[47]
Alternatively, Paul may be saying, "If a woman wants to pray with her head uncovered, let her cut her hair to be like a man, which of course would be disgraceful. She should act like a woman".
This sentence introduces the following two verses as another distinct rationale for Paul's instructions on head coverings, without reference to hair.
"Man" here is compared to "God", and not "Christ", as he was in verse 3. This is therefore no longer a discussion about the κεφαλὴ under the same pun as before. This reinforces that the main question was never one of "hairstyles". The relationship is instead now described on the basis of εἰκὼν ("image") and δόξα ("glory", or "reflection"), which are Creation motifs, as the following verses make clear.
Commentaries spend a lot of ink discussing εἰκὼν and δόξα, much of which is disclaiming questions of inferiority between men and women,[48] but Paul provides verses 11 and 12 to purposely underscore gender equality. There is no suggestion here that women are inferior.
Paul is talking about honouring the sequence in which men and women were created (Gen 2:7,21-23). Very simply, from the Creation narrative, "man is not ἐκ ("from") woman, but woman is ἐξ man". Paul is establishing the idea of sequence.
This is a repetition of the idea of verse 8, still focused on sequence. The Genesis account records that the situation of a man without a companion was "not good", and therefore the woman was required for proper order to be established (Gen 2:18-20), the result of which is "very good" (Gen 1:31). The nuance of "ezer" (Gen 2:18,20) is that the woman is 'his "counterpart," one who corresponds to him and is suitable to him'.[49] Again, there is no suggestion of inferiority of women, but merely sequence.
Because of the sequence in creation ("διὰ τοῦτο", "because of this"), the woman has an obligation "ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς", a phrase which literally means, "to have authority on/over/upon her head". What does this mean?
Early patristic witnesses provide an early commentary[50] when they substitute κάλυμμα ("veil") for ἐξουσιάν. This is as an "explanatory gloss",[51] but not a genuine textual variant, as it does not occur in the major uncials,[52] just a "smattering of versions … and early fathers".[53]
Fee outlines the contours of the scholarly propositions about this, all of which fail to account fully for the expression:
ἐξουςίαν is a metonym for "veil"
it means someone else functions in authority over her
"freedom to worship"
Or even, in contradiction to the whole passage, freedom to choose whether or not to cover her head.[54]
Fee concludes, "we must beg ignorance".[55] But he gives no reason why we should not read it as:
"The woman should take responsibility, as outlined in the preceding verses, for her actions relating to her "head", now fully polyvalent in meaning."
Thiselton similarly concludes that it means women are to "keep control of (how people perceive) their heads".[56]
This is all "διὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους" ("because of the angels"), and we don't know what that means, but Paul's readers presumably did.[57]
Thiselton lists ideas that have been offered, including fallen angels gazing lustfully upon women, holy angels guarding the created order, the sense in which the angelic host participate in worship, and Jesus' description of angelic ministry of Matthew 18:10. He cites the angelology of Qumran as finding an angelic presence in worship gatherings, and Revelation 2-3 descriptions of "the angels of the churches", as possibly referring to priests or bishops.[58] In addition, Paul has been talking about angels already, in 4:9, 6:3, and 10:10.
Rather than being reductionist about it, a more inclusive contemplation is possible. We could simply conclude that the expression "because of the angels" could evoke any or all of these motifs for the original hearers, any one of which would be sufficient to make the point: "because this is fitting".
The point of this verse is to qualify earlier statements, categorically pointing out that neither the man nor the woman is independent nor unrelated to the other. Instead, there is a specific interdependence between them, to be explored in verse 12. "[A]ll the early major MSS"[59] have the same word order as each other, but the KJV "follows D2, K, L, and the Vulgate in transposing the sequence" [60] of the man-woman, woman-man clauses. Sequence does matter, and it seems that some translators may have transposed the order to maintain masculine pre-eminence. But if Paul put women first, he did so precisely to reinforce the point by nuance, that masculinity does not have more importance.
The interdependence of men and women is "ἐν κυρίῳ" ("in the Lord"). This could be an eschatological 'third "lens"',[61] but actually, Paul is about to return to Creation motifs in v12. It coheres with other simple statements about gender equality "in Christ", for example in Galatians 3:28. In the world there may be inequality, but in the Lord there is none.
Paul is as symmetrical as he possibly can be here, given the clear asymmetry of the sequence of Creation. Whereas the original woman is ἐκ ("from") a man, men come διὰ ("through") a woman. The woman is created directly from Adam (Gen 2:23), whereas men are delivered via a woman (cf. Gen 4:1). This sentence is designed to connect the asymmetrical priority of sequence in verse 8 to the symmetrical equality in verse 11. Verses 11 and 12 combine to say that, whereas there are gender distinctions in the church, there is no gender inequality, because, "πάντα ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ" ("all [these] things are from God").
This passage is about the worshipping community as a whole. The topic of head coverings is the specific occasion for Paul to more fully explain how it is that some cultural distinctions of gender are preserved and others obliterated in Christ.
Finney's logic provides a potential key for understanding Paul's instructions, although he fails to make the final connection: Christ is present at worship. Cultural mores then dictate that men should have bare heads and women should wear liturgical veils, and the Angels are some kind of witness to this.
Paul goes on carefully to appropriate the Creation sequence of male-then-female as a gender distinction, yet affirms the radical gender equality of women and men in the church. The timeless application for either gender would be, "pray in a contemporarily decent way, noting that Jesus Himself is present, and you are watched by the angels".
[1] Mark Finney, "Honour, Head-Coverings and Headship: 1 Corinthians 11.2-16 in Its Social Context," Journal for the Study of the New Testament 33, no. 1 (2010): 31.
[2] Anthony C. Thiselton, The First Epistle to the Corinthians : A Commentary on the Greek Text, The New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, Mich. Carlisle: W.B. Eerdmans ; Paternoster Press, 2000), 32-36.
[3] Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1987), 7.
[4] Richard B. Hays, First Corinthians (Louisville, Ky.: John Knox Press, 1997), 183.
[5] Ibid., 188.
[7] Ibid., 189-90.
[8] David E. Garland, 1 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2003), 508.
[9] Fee, 493.
[10] David K. Lowery, "The Head Covering and Lord's Supper in 1 Cor 11:2-34," Bibliotheca sacra 143, no. 570 (1986): 158.
[11] Fiorenza, quoted by Layman – Fred D. Layman, "Male Headship in Paul's Thought," Wesleyan Theological Journal 15, no. 1 (1980): 830.
[12] Thiselton, 825-26.
[13] Garland, 517.
[14] Blomberg, 210.; Collins and Harrington, 392.; Layman: 57.
[15] Troy W. Martin, "Paul's Argument from Nature for the Veil in 1 Corinthians 11:13-15: A Testicle Instead of a Head Covering," Journal of Biblical Literature 123, no. 1 (2004).
[16] Finney: 45.
[17] Implied by "προφητεύουσα" – Blomberg, 210.
[19] Ibid., 37.
[20] Roy E. Ciampa and Brian S. Rosner, The First Letter to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, Mich.; Nottingham, England: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ; Apollos, 2010), 206.
[21] Archibald Thomas Robertson and Alfred Plummer, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1971), 228.
[22] Ciampa and Rosner, 508.
[23] Robertson and Plummer, 229.
[25] Raymond F. Collins and Daniel J. Harrington, First Corinthians (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1999), 396.
[27] David L. Edwards and John R. W. Stott, Evangelical Essentials : A Liberal-Evangelical Dialogue (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1989), 63.
[28] Lowery: 158.
[36] Thiselton, 813.
[38] Ernest Cadman Colwell, "A Definite Rule for the Use of the Article in the Greek New Testament," Journal of Biblical Literature 52, no. 1 (1933): 17.
[40] Craig Blomberg, 1 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1994), 210.
[41] Blomberg, 210.
[42] Ben Witherington, Conflict and Community in Corinth : A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1 and 2 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1994), 234-35.
[43] Fee, 511.
[45] "I was stripped, and became a man" – Tertullian, "The Passion of the Holy Martyrs Perpetua and Felicitas," http://www.onefaithonechurch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/The-Passion-of-the-Holy-Martyrs.pdf.
[46] "long hair is a woman's glory and therefore a good thing" – Fee, 510.
[48] Eg. Ibid., 834-36.
[49] William Sanford LaSor, Old Testament Survey : The Message, Form and Background of the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, U.K. ; Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1996), 25.
[51] Bruce Manning Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament ([Stuttgart]; [s. l.]: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft ; [United Bible Societies], 2007), 495.
[54] Fee, 519-20.
[55] Ibid., 521.
[56] Emphasis in the original- Thiselton, 839.
Blomberg, Craig. 1 Corinthians. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1994.
Ciampa, Roy E., and Brian S. Rosner. The First Letter to the Corinthians. Grand Rapids, Mich.; Nottingham, England: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ; Apollos, 2010.
Collins, Raymond F., and Daniel J. Harrington. First Corinthians. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1999.
Colwell, Ernest Cadman. "A Definite Rule for the Use of the Article in the Greek New Testament." Journal of Biblical Literature 52, no. 1 (1933): 12-21.
Edwards, David L., and John R. W. Stott. Evangelical Essentials : A Liberal-Evangelical Dialogue. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1989.
Fee, Gordon D. The First Epistle to the Corinthians. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1987.
Finney, Mark. "Honour, Head-Coverings and Headship: 1 Corinthians 11.2-16 in Its Social Context." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 33, no. 1 (2010): 31-58.
Garland, David E. 1 Corinthians. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2003.
Hays, Richard B. First Corinthians. Louisville, Ky.: John Knox Press, 1997.
LaSor, William Sanford. Old Testament Survey : The Message, Form and Background of the Old Testament. 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K. ; Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1996.
Layman, Fred D. "Male Headship in Paul's Thought." Wesleyan Theological Journal 15, no. 1 (1980): 46-67.
Lowery, David K. "The Head Covering and Lord's Supper in 1 Cor 11:2-34." Bibliotheca sacra 143, no. 570 (1986): 155-63.
Martin, Troy W. "Paul's Argument from Nature for the Veil in 1 Corinthians 11:13-15: A Testicle Instead of a Head Covering." Journal of Biblical Literature 123, no. 1 (2004): 75-84.
Metzger, Bruce Manning. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. [Stuttgart]; [s. l.]: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft ; [United Bible Societies], 2007.
Robertson, Archibald Thomas, and Alfred Plummer. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1971.
Tertullian. "The Passion of the Holy Martyrs Perpetua and Felicitas." http://www.onefaithonechurch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/The-Passion-of-the-Holy-Martyrs.pdf.
Thiselton, Anthony C. The First Epistle to the Corinthians : A Commentary on the Greek Text, The New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, Mich. Carlisle: W.B. Eerdmans ; Paternoster Press, 2000.
Witherington, Ben. Conflict and Community in Corinth : A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1 and 2 Corinthians. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1994.
Post Tagged with Bible, Institutional Church, Research, Scripture, Theology
Ben Towal says:
Interesting discourse, but it wasn't clear what the conclusion was. I got the distinct feeling at the end that the questions asked in the title were never answered.
Kevin Bennett says:
Interesting feedback!
The "why" is due to a cultural imperative of the day, and the "does it apply" is essentially, "no" (except that it applies to men and women equally in that they should pray with modesty and decency).
I wondered if that's what you were getting at. I think you went for brevity (understandable since you don't want such an article getting too long) at the cost of clarity.
Yeah. It was actually an exegesis, and I was trying to make it marginally interesting for the non-technical reader by drawing a conclusion 🙂


text:
Schedule a Free Consult
Serving Baltimore & Surrounding Areas
DRIVING WITHOUT AUTO INSURANCE
Driving Without a License
Driving with a Suspended or Revoked License
Driving Without Vehicle Registration
EXCESSIVE SPEEDING
FAILURE TO PRODUCE A LICENSE
RESTRICTED LICENSE
DUI Manslaughter
CDL MOVING VIOLATIONS
DUI WITH A CDL
Driver's License Point System in Maryland
FAQS ABOUT MARYLAND MINOR TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
MARYLAND CAR INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS
WHAT TO DO IF
Can I Purchase a Car with a Suspended License?
A suspended driver's license typically presents roadblocks in daily life. From making it more challenging to get to and from places you need to go to restricting your personal freedom, many adverse effects usually follow the state's decision to suspend a person's driving privileges. Therefore, it sounds logical that in order to buy a new car, you'd need to have a valid license to prove to the seller you can legally drive your new vehicle. Oddly enough, while having a valid driver's license would make the sale go more smoothly (and allow you to test drive the car and drive it home), you don't need a valid license to purchase a vehicle in Maryland.
Why Would I Buy a Car without a Valid Driver's License?
There are a few scenarios in which a person with a suspended license might want to purchase a vehicle. You might consider buying a car while your license is suspended when:
You have a loved one, friend, or employee available to drive you around until your license suspension ends.
You are disabled and want to have a car for your caregiver to drive, but want to retain ownership of the vehicle.
You own a business that requires a vehicle that licensed employees can drive.
You would like to buy the car as a gift for someone who is licensed to drive.
You have an underage child who has a license but is not old enough yet to finance the vehicle.
You wish to purchase a collectible car which you have no intention of driving.
You might hit a snag when you attempt to close the sale without a valid license, but a conversation with the seller or sales manager of the dealership should make it clear that, while you will be purchasing the car, you will not be driving it yourself. As long as you have the funds or access to financing, the seller should work with you.
Is it Legal to Buy a Car while My License is Suspended?
If you have thought about buying a car but the state suspended your license, all hope is not lost. There is no law preventing you from having a valid driver's license to buy a car; however, you won't be able to execute a test drive or drive it home yourself unless you've obtained a temporary license to drive to and from work. On the whole, it may be more difficult to get a title or insure a new vehicle with a suspended license.
Get Behind the Wheel with the Help of a Suspended License Lawyer
Baltimore suspended license lawyer Hillel Traub of The Law Office of Hillel Traub has served Baltimore and the surrounding areas for more than 20 years, helping residents regain their driving privileges and personal freedom. As a former Maryland Assistant Attorney General for the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA), he fully understands the process behind license suspensions in the state and can fight aggressively against your suspension.
There are many reasons your license may be suspended in Maryland, many of which have nothing to do with your ability as a driver. For that reason, contact attorney Hillel Traub as soon as the MVA notifies you of your license suspension. His insider knowledge of the MVA's inner workings will help him achieve his goal of overturning or reducing the period of your suspension.
Call (410) 580-1100 or complete our contact form for a free consultation.
Categories : Blog, Suspended License, Traffic Offenses
Insuring a Vehicle with a Suspended License in Maryland
Finding Out Why Your License Was Suspended in Maryland
Law Offices of Hillel Traub, P.A.
1777 Reisterstown Road
Suite 22W
Serving All of the Baltimore Metro Area!
© The Law Office of Hillel Traub, P.A. | Baltimore Traffic Violations Attorney | 2019 All Rights Reserved. Legal Website Powered by
Schedule a FREE Consult!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tips Results
Responsible Betting
Ajax – Tottenham
Ajax will try to finish the job against Tottenham Hotspur when these two sides meet in a second leg from the UEFA Champions League on Wednesday night. Let's have a talk about this game at the beautiful Johan Cruijff Arena in Amsterdam.
Tottenham have a slight advantage after the first leg in London, which ended with a 1-0 win for the Dutch side. The only goal in the game was scored in the first half, when Donny van de Beek ended a great Ajax attack and scored after an assist from Hakim Ziyech. Once again the Dutch side showed some great football and did some very good things at the Wembley.
What Ajax are doing in the Champions League this season is just spectacular. Erik ten Hag's team eliminated clubs like Real Madrid and Juventus from the competition and now they are very close to reaching the big final in Madrid.
On the other hand Tottenham do not have anything to lose here. They lost the first leg in London, but they still have very big chance to reach the final. They are aware that just one goal in Amsterdam could level them with Ajax again.
Spurs' biggest problem continues to be the absence of their star striker Harry Kane. The English international injured his ankle during the first game with Manchester City in the 1/4-finals. Kane is still unavaliable for selection, but the Argentine midfielder Erik Lamela could be fit to sit on the bench. The central defender Davinson Sanchez is also missing the game because of an injury.
That's what's happening with Ajax and Tottenham Hotspur before their second Champions League 1/2-finals leg at the Johan Cruijff Arena on Wednesday night. One of these two teams will reach the final in Madrid. Let's see which one is going to do it.
© 2023 Soccer Picks


The decision to follow Christ is the most challenging, beautiful, costly and rewarding journey ever, according to a senior Archbishop in the worldwide Anglican Communion.
The Archbishop of South East Asia, the Most Rev Ng Moon Hing, describes the power of the biblical imperative, "follow me", in a report issued to members of the Anglican Consultative Council as they prepare to meet in Lusaka in Zambia next week.
He says that millions of Christians through two millennia "have accepted that simple invitation in faith and often with minimal understanding of the life-transforming decision they have taken."
The decision to follow Christ is "simply the most challenging, the most beautiful, the most costly, the most rewarding journey we could ever choose to begin," he writes.
He also urges "reconciliation, wholeness, and life" in the report, Intentional Discipleship and Disciple-Making - An Anglican Guide for Christian Life and Formation.
This meeting of the Anglican Consultative Council is already likely to be tense because of the boycotts by Nigeria, Uganda and Kenya.
Church leaders in the conservative Global South are resisting what they see as the Western church's attempts to impose a gay liberal agenda.
They are boycotting the meeting because The Episcopal Church is attending, in spite of "consequences" imposed by the Primates meeting in Canterbury in January.
Archbishop Moon Hing admits the communion is "profoundly in need of reconciliation" in a world riven by fear, division, and brokenness. "A narrow, pietistic attachment to Jesus, whether individualistic or ecclesial, was never what God intended and will not serve us well today," he writes.
He says: "Some of us have even found ourselves as compromised as Judas, but the overwhelming impression I have of our Communion is that of a beautifully diverse family of women, men, and children who are deeply in love with Jesus and seeking daily to follow in his ways."
He also urges accepting the concept of inclusivity.
He says: "Exclusivity has no place in the family of God; all God-centred relationships are inclusive, and our evangelism has nothing to do with numbers and power but everything to do with love, generosity, inclusion, and the all-encompassing life and love of God."
The report recommends the communion's "five marks of mission" as a model for inclusive ministry.
It quotes Henry Venn, then head of the Church Mission Society, writing in the mid-19th century: "More than 100,000 coolies, chiefly from South India, are congregated in these plantations: from ten to twelve native catechists labour amongst them. The whole expense of these catechists is borne by the local funds. Those native catechists are to be under your training and superintendence, and through them chiefly you must strive to quicken the spiritual life of the Christian coolies, and to induce heathen coolies to enter the fold of Christ."
The document also addresses the question of exorcisms. In a passage highlighted in bold, it says: "While every Christian can and should engage in prayer for deliverance from evil, the Lord's Prayer being the most well-known prayer, not every Christian is called by God or by the Bishop to be an exorcist."
But it continues: "The ministry of deliverance and exorcism has not ceased to be part of the Lord's commission: it is an essential aspect of episcopal ministry within the life of the Church today."
Exorcisms are "a significant portal through which the Church can reach out and preach the Gospel into contemporary society,' it says.
Reconciliation with God can never be complete "until we are at peace with ourselves," the document says.
Canon Chris Sugden of the conservative group Anglican Mainstream told Christian Today that he did not think the use of Venn's passage would cause offence. "We are all children of our time. They chose to go with the actual quote. It would not be right to change the quote. They could have used reported speech. But they may be making a point that it does no favours to anyone to try and rewrite the past."
A spokesman for the Anglican Communion office said: "This is a verbatim quote. It was used because of the message it conveys about teaching. Language changes with time. We cannot transport our values to earlier times and assume that Venn was being malevolent. But obviously, such a term would be completely unacceptable now."


I have been exploring functional programming over the last few weeks, and rather enjoying it. The topic is huge and so far I have only scratched the surface. This post is an explaining of my two favourite concepts so far, currying and composition. Taken individually they are useful but combined can perform so very powerful operations.
I have found it best described as a way of incrementally declaring arguments. Currying relies on the fact that functions can return functions. First some code for a function to add two numbers, in what could be considered as the classic way.
In this code first the value of 3 is passed to the add function. This creates a brand new function that will always add 3 to which the value of 5 is passed. This may not seam that revolutionary but can be very useful with operations that are often used. e.g calculating a tax percentage at always 17.5%.
Composition is the process of 'piping' the output of one function 'f' to the input of a second 'g' before the first input is present. In the process creating a third function 'h' which is the equivalent of sequentially applying 'f' then 'g'.
This is all very theoretical and will be better explained by an example. Imagine we want to add 3 to a number and then double the result.
First lets introduce a curried multiply function similar to the curried add function.
We can then pass both of these to our compose function and just use the resulting function.
The benefit of this is it allows us to set up very sophisticated operations, all describe in one variable, before any of the data has arrived. The 'dumb' data is then manipulated in very few steps and intermediate often uninteresting variables are skipped over.
To this end I have been developing 'cumin.js' a functional utilities library to experiment with these techniques. To build a solid base I have started by reflecting much of the functions available in underscore.js. The single rule is that the data should come last. This is explained in this great talk 'Hey Underscore, your doing it wrong' from Brian Lonsdorf.
Do take a look at cumin. Its far from finished but it tries to show off this and other powerful functional ideas. In addition to the standard test suite there are also example tests that show more possibilities, such as calculated hypotenuse length in nDimensions and working with country data. There are more coming and welcome contributions could be to have some more examples added.


text:
Page updated: 24 June 2011
The Physical Activity Taskforce has ceased operation and this website is no longer updated.
Minister's Foreword
The Role of the Taskforce
Projects & Priorities
Past Taskforce Reports, Plans & Submissions
Taskforce Branding
Why be active?
Benefits of Physical Activity
Co-benefits of Physical Activity
Evidence Base
National Physical Activity Guidelines
Physical Activity Settings
Why Use Active Transportation?
The Taskforce and Local Government
Why Prioritise Physical Activity?
How to Support Physical Activity
Resources & Information Sharing
Policy, Planning and Strategy Documents
Resources by Key Subject Area
Conferences, Workshops & Events
Physical Activity Presentations
Home » Resources tagged » Resources tagged by resource
Resources tagged: Babies
Filtered by resource: "Policy, Planning and Strategy Documents"
National Early Childhood Development Strategy
On 2 July 2009, the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) endorsed the National Early Childhood Development Strategy- Investing in the Early Years. In jointly developing the Strategy, the Australian, state and territory governments have signalled their intention to take a leadership role in early childhood development now and into the future.
Resource type: Policy, Planning and Strategy Documents
Tags: Active living, Active schools, Babies, Child care, Child development, Children, Early years, Families, Federal Government, Government agencies, Infants, Local government, Non-government organisations, Non-profit organisations, Parents, Policy, Planning and Strategy Documents, Primary schools, Schools, Strategies, Teachers, Toddlers, Wellbeing
Relevance: National
Department for Communities
The Department for Communities builds strong, vibrant communities by supporting and advocating on behalf of children, parents and their families, young people, women, seniors, carers, volunteers and non-government organisations. The department is also responsible for the delivery of programs and services to support and strengthen Western Australia's diverse communities and provides a number of information and support services.
Resource type: Weblinks
Tags: Aboriginal, Adolescents, Adults, Advocacy, Babies, Children, Communities, Early years, Families, Non-government organisations, Non-profit organisations, Older people, Parents, Seniors, Volunteers, Weblinks, Women, Young Adults, Young people
Relevance: State
Year published: Published year not set
Showing 1 - 2 of 2 Resources.
Copyright © 2010-2020 Government of Western Australia | Site updated: Friday 15 May 2015 | Page updated: 24 June 2011
Please email the Department of Sport and Recreation for any queries.
Projects & Submissions


text:
Suspect who Shot at Murfreesboro Police Officers Identified
Larenzo Flowers (MUGSHOT)
The man who fired shots at Murfreesboro Police Department officers after a foot pursuit and crash has been identified as Larenzo D. Flowers, 26, of Murfreesboro.
Flowers is charged with five counts of attempted second degree murder, two counts of evading arrest.
He remains behind bars at the Rutherford County Adult Detention Center on a $757,500 bond.
He's scheduled to appear in Rutherford County General Sessions Court February 11.
Previously Released:
Man, fires shots at officers following foot pursuit, barricades himself in home:
Murfreesboro, TN - A man barricades himself in a home for more than three hours before being taken into custody by Special Operations Unit (SOU) team members. Earlier, the suspect fired multiple shots at officers following a car crash and a brief foot pursuit.
The preliminary investigation revealed Murfreesboro Police came in contact with an individual, who was involved in a motor vehicle crash, near the intersection of Northfield Blvd. and Pitts Lane around 5:30 p.m. He led officers to nearby Chariot Lane, where he took off running and began firing shots at officers. At least one officer returned fire. None of the officers were hit and there were no reported injuries.
The suspect barricaded himself inside a home, part of a quadplex, on Sloan Street. Murfreesboro Police SOU members spent several hours attempting to negotiate with the subject in an effort to get him to surrender. SOU members were able to utilize tactics that forced the individual, who was hiding in the attic, to break through the ceiling of an adjacent apartment where he was taken into custody.
The case is under investigation. The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation has been called to assist.


Friday January 25 Comedian Cliff Cash (Comedy Central UpNext, Laughs on FOX, XM radio) will headline Atlanta's Relapse Comedy Theater. Cash's past was an upbringing that included everything from tongue talking to Nascar. It ironically and perhaps accidentally shaped his present: being a devout progressive seeking to use Comedy as activism where he thoughtfully hides pieces of truth between layers of humor and shines the light of levity into the darkest corners of the human experience. Cash walked away from a career in recycling and environmental activism in lieu of using his voice and humor as an instrument for change. "A lot of us comedians are seeking success in the form of getting famous. As much as I'd like that, I'm seeking success in the form of getting effective. I want to make people think. I want to make an impact".


text:
Lakers' Artest has a head full of Hebrew
By	Marc Brodsky	 March 8, 2010 11:03 pm
NEW YORK (JTA) — One of the top defenders in the NBA had the word "defense" inscribed in his hair in Hebrew, as well as in Japanese and Hindi.
Ron Artest, a forward for the Los Angeles Lakers, dyed his hair blonde and had the word "haganah" shaved and dyed in purple in his hair to match the team's colors for Sunday's game against the Orlando Magic in Florida.
Artest reportedly asked his fans on Twitter over the weekend if he had the proper translation. Originally he had "hahaganah," but it was suggested that haganah would be better.
There was no word on whether Artest's Jewish teammate, Jordan Farmar, weighed in on the translation.
In a rematch of last year's championship teams, the Magic defeated the Lakers, 96-94.


Fultondale Property Management, Fultondale Property Managers, Fultondale, AL Property Management Companies.
We offer a full range of property management services tailored to you as an investor, homeowner, or landlord. We have an extensive portfolio of commercial real estate, multi-family unit and single family homes in the Fultondale area.
As premium members of LoopNet, Catylist, Xceligent and the Fultondale Commercial REALTORS® Council, Watts provides information about your commercial property to industry members throughout the country and globally.


Keeping a car outside all the time often result in unpleasant things like color occasional scratches, color fade and simple dust/dirt layer or bird drops. If you would like to forget about such problems, or at least minimize them - a car cover will do the job. Even if you have a comfy garage to store your vehicle, extra protection will never hurt.
Car cover is the best way to protect your vehicle from moisture, UV rays and dust. Plus, it will help keep your investment looking good indoors and out. It also will help you to maintain that "just washed" look between washes. Plus, the car cover is a good choice for limiting a car break-in or complete auto theft.
Stormproof custom car cover by Coverking is manufactured to help you to keep your car from fading and minimize the damage your BMW may suffer. You can read more information about Coverking at CARiD.com.
Pictures are provided for the reference only.
Picture is provided for the reference only.
A vinyl coated cable and brass lock are available, they will help you to secure the cover against theft. 2 keys are included in the kit.
If you are going to your workplace daily, will it be feasible for you to cover your car at each stop point.
Car cover is best for the protection of your car against dust, dirt and protection from sun. I am strictly following this formula since long and the result is complete new look of my car even after 10 years.
Agree this is a simple way to keep your car's paint in original condition.


Scripting range programming is written in computer programming languages that is typically interpreted and can be typed directly from a keyboard. Range scripts are often distinguished from executable files. This range scripts are safe to use virus free and spyware free.


SINGAPORE -- DuPont will establish a new innovation and business headquarters in Singapore. The 11,000-square-meter facility will open in 2016 and house nearly 200 scientists, engineers and business leaders. Drawing on DuPont's leading position in Agriculture & Nutrition, Advanced Materials and Bio-based Industrials, the new DuPont Singapore ASEAN headquarters will focus on delivering new innovations tailored to meet the unique needs of the ASEAN marketplace.
This document contains forward-looking statements which may be identified by their use of words like "plans," "expects," "will," "believes," "intends," "estimates," "anticipates" or other words of similar meaning. All statements that address expectations or projections about the future, including statements about the company's strategy for growth, product development, regulatory approval, market position, anticipated benefits of recent acquisitions, timing of anticipated benefits from restructuring actions, outcome of contingencies, such as litigation and environmental matters, expenditures and financial results, are forward looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are based on certain assumptions and expectations of future events which may not be realized. Forward-looking statements also involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the company's control. Some of the important factors that could cause the company's actual results to differ materially from those projected in any such forward-looking statements are: fluctuations in energy and raw material prices; failure to develop and market new products and optimally manage product life cycles; ability to respond to market acceptance, rules, regulations and policies affecting products based on biotechnology; significant litigation and environmental matters; failure to appropriately manage process safety and product stewardship issues; changes in laws and regulations or political conditions; global economic and capital markets conditions, such as inflation, interest and currency exchange rates; business or supply disruptions; security threats, such as acts of sabotage, terrorism or war, weather events and natural disasters; ability to protect and enforce the company's intellectual property rights; successful integration of acquired businesses and separation of underperforming or non-strategic assets or businesses, including timely realization of the expected benefits from the separation of Performance Chemicals. The company undertakes no duty to update any forward-looking statements as a result of future developments or new information.


a hearing for the Inquiry into the Government's bill to provide five days unpaid family and domestic violence leave will be held in Canberra.
Ahead of tomorrow's hearing into the FDV leave bill, which she will be attending, Senator Waters said it's already clear five days unpaid leave falls well short of what women who've suffered DV really need.
"The vast majority of submissions made to the inquiry support the Greens' long-standing proposal for 10 days' paid FDV leave," Senator Waters said.
"Unpaid leave is tokenistic, because it ignores the financial burden of legal or medical appointments, counselling or moving house – the practical things that have to be done when escaping DV.
"47 women have died due to violence this year already - the system is failing them and their children. Adequately funding frontline services and providing paid leave is the least that can be done to keep survivors safe.


To ensure PNO's position as the Northern Europe's leading trailer rental provider, we have expanded our business outside Scandinavia with a local office in Venlo.
For PNO, the Netherlands is an obvious choice as the market conditions and work ethics are very similar to the ones we are currently working with. Furthermore, the Netherlands is the undisputed European transport center. We believe that there is a great potential in having highway connections to all of Europe on one side and harbours, like Rotterdam and Amsterdam, on the other side.
From the beginning, it has been a key priority for PNO to get the right people on board at the new office and with Martijn van Rijswijck as Country Director & Partner, we are off to the best possible start.


text:
Africana Studies College of Liberal Arts
About Africana Studies
Coordinator of Africana Studies
Dr. Alain Lawo-Sukam
Office: ACAD 202D
Email: lawosukam@tamu.edu
Office: Coke 301
What can you do with an Africana Studies Minor?
Undergraduate Minor
Undergraduate Minor Requirements
Graduate Certificate in Africana Studies
Graduate Certificate Requirements
Journals and Newsletters
Discussion Networks
Africana Studies Offers Important Lessons About The Black Experience
The program, which launched at Texas A&M in 2004, aims to educate more students from all backgrounds about the history and contributions of people of African descent.
Items from the Africana Collection at Cushing Memorial Library & Archives. Since 2004, the Africana Studies program at Texas A&M has offered curriculum that provides students with an opportunity to learn about the culture, history, social contributions and experiences of people of African descent.
By Caitlin Clark, Texas A&M University Division of Marketing & Communications
A global perspective, an appreciation of diversity, and strong aptitude in critical thinking and writing are just a few of the skills students can take away from Texas A&M University's Africana Studies courses.
As the second-largest continent in the world, Africa has a large global diasporic population. It's a significant and crucial part of the human experience, said Associate Professor of Hispanic and Africana Studies Alain Lawo-Sukam, making the presence of a strong Africana Studies program integral to the university's role in developing a global citizenship.
"In an increasingly pluralistic society and global economy, students cannot afford to enter the workforce without a fundamental respect and understanding of people from different racial, ethnic and religious backgrounds," he said.
It was with this goal that the program was developed by Texas A&M faculty members Albert Broussard, Finnie Coleman, Larry Yarak, Kimberly Brown and Patrick Muana, under the direction of the late Woodrow Jones Jr., who was the university's first African-American dean.
Since 2004, the Africana Studies program has offered curriculum that provides students with an opportunity to learn about the culture, history, social contributions and experiences of people of African descent. In the time since its creation, the interdisciplinary program grew steadily for a number of years, offering courses taught by faculty members from a variety of departments and fields.
Now, the program offers 41 classes, many of which are cross-listed with courses in other departments. These courses cover Africa and the Black experience across history, anthropology, psychology, film and other fields.
For example, students can choose from courses about popular music and film in the African diaspora, Africana philosophy, post-colonial literature, black psychology, Afro-Hispanic cultures, critical race discourse, sociology of African-Americans and the rhetoric of the civil rights movement.
Lawo-Sukam served as the program coordinator since fall 2020. Lawo-Sukam said Africana Studies is an indispensable program to students of all racial, religious and ethnic backgrounds, especially during a time when the university aims to recruit and retain a more diverse academic population.
In addition, the program responds to Black students' need to belong at Texas A&M and to educate them about their heritage, he said.
For Ryneasha Reed, a philosophy senior from San Antonio, the history she was exposed to for the first time through Africana Studies came as a shock: "I didn't know anything about myself at all," she said.
"I thought I already knew about the history of the African diaspora, but little did I know, I had no idea," said Reed. "For me, it was shocking to know that all of the information I found out was kept away from me the entire time. All of this was here, and I had no idea."
Rebecca Hankins, a Texas A&M professor and Africana Studies specialist at Cushing Memorial Library & Archives, said for many students like Reed, this is the result of Black history being obscured and minimized in Texas history courses.
From its embrace of the Confederacy to being one of the last states to free its enslaved people, Hankins said many people aren't aware of Texas' entwined history with the Black experience.
"It's so important to have Africana Studies, because you need people who are willing to say, 'Black history is all of our history,' and in Texas, even more than people are aware of," she said.
Juliet Mukenge, a sociology major from West Africa, said almost all of the information she learned through her Africana Studies minor was new to her. She recalls that the first Africana Studies course she took was the first time at Texas A&M that she wasn't the only Black student in the room – and she was able to learn more about her own identity by hearing her classmates' experiences.
"I didn't know all of these things before coming to America," she said. "I didn't know that people could actually be racist over here, so it was really interesting to be in a class with people and hear them say, 'Hey, I've been through that.'"
Mukenge said that while most of the students in her Africana Studies courses have been Black, her white classmates have expressed that the program helped them better understand the experiences of African Americans.
"You don't know the extent of the struggles Black people go through until you learn all the facets that make up the culture," she said.
While the program has provided a place of belonging for Black Aggies – who make up about 3 percent of Texas A&M's student population of nearly 70,000 – Lawo-Sukam said students of all races can benefit from Africana Studies.
"Africana Studies is not only for Blacks. It is for everybody," Lawo-Sukam said. "In this time, people need to understand each other, they need to know each other. If you can't do this, it's going to be hard for us to move forward."
Increasing the program's reach and visibility is one of his major goals. Toward this effort, new courses are being created to address new challenges. Once such class is "Remaking Public Memory: Racism, Embodiment and the Social/Cultural Imagination," which will be offered this fall in response to marches and demonstrations throughout 2020 related to monuments in public spaces and the murder of George Floyd.
Hankins will co-instruct the course examining how history can be expressed through performance and visual culture alongside archival materials from Cushing Library.
"Africana Studies is trying to create a sense of learning that will not be temporary, that will show students how this connects to their personal lives, how history can move them," she said.
Mukenge hopes to be able to refer to these lessons after she graduates in May. She aspires to attend nursing school, and said she anticipates to apply what she's learned about being understanding of people's different backgrounds when interacting with patients.
One lesson that stuck with her is African American sociologist W.E.B. DuBois' concept of "double consciousness" — African Americans' struggle of unifying Black identity and American identity.
Similarly, Reed said her minor has helped her look at the readings for her philosophy courses through a different lens. The courses also provide students tools for navigating everyday life, she said, like allowing oneself to be open to new ideas and have difficult conversations with others.
"I feel like especially on our campus right now, diving into Africana Studies would help in unifying everyone and helping with diversity on and off campus," she said.
A minor in Africana Studies can benefit Aggies pursuing careers in business, government, education, public health, special services, communication, the creative arts, and numerous other fields, Lawo-Sukam said. He also lists a number of desirable workplace skills the program teaches: analysis, critical thinking, effective communication, collaboration, research and writing and cultural awareness.
Students also are equipped to address crucial societal issues, he said, such as equality and equity, health policy, immigration, international relations and law reform.
In an effort to grow the program, Lawo-Sukam said faculty members are presenting these benefits to academic advisors and student organizations across Texas A&M.
"The immediate goal is to not only have students take a lot of Africana courses, but also minor in Africana Studies," he said. "From there, if we have the numbers, we will try to have a major, and then think about creating a center or a department in the long run."
The program's growth plays an important role in the university's mission to increase diversity and inclusion and recruit underrepresented students, Lawo-Sukam said.
"Africana Studies is a key agent for that change," he said.
Originally published here by Texas A&M Today.
The College at Work


text:
Q: If I add onClick to div the whole website doesn't show up I'm currently working on a seat booking website. I want to add an event listener to  such that when it is clicked it can call the function that will store the value of div. However, whenever I add the onClick event inside  the whole content in the website does not show up(only a blank page shows up). Is there something wrong with my code? Also, I'm quite new to react, so if possible can y'all explain your answers...?
Here is my code
    import React, { useState } from "react";

const Ticketing = () => {
    const [seat1, selectSeat1] = useState();
    const [seat2, selectSeat2] = useState();
    const [performance, selectPerformance] = useState("");
    const [seat, selectSeat] = useState("");
    return(
        <form>

                Performance 1

                Performance 2

            <row>

                    1

                    2

                    3

                    4

                    5

                    6

            </row>

        </form>
    )

};
export default Ticketing;

import React, { useState } from "react";
import { HashRouter as Router,Route,Switch } from "react-router-dom";
import Auth from "routes/Auth";
import Home from "routes/Home";
import Navigation from "components/Navigation";
import Mypage from "routes/Mypage";
import { Redirect } from 'react-router';
import Ticketing from "routes/Ticketing";

const WebRouter = ({isLoggedIn}) => {
    return (
    < Router>
    {isLoggedIn && <Navigation/> }
        <Switch>
            {isLoggedIn? (
            <>
            <Route exact path="/Home">
                <Home/>
            </Route>
            <Route exact path="/Mypage">
                <Mypage/>
            </Route>
            <Route exact path="/Ticketing">
                <Ticketing/>
            </Route>
            </>
            ) : (
                <>
                <Route exact path="/">
                    <Auth/>
                </Route>
                <Redirect from = "*" to="/"/>
            </>

            )}
        </Switch>
    </Router>
    );
};

export default WebRouter;

A: I think the problem is in on Click function. Replace it with this piece of code.

 selectPerformance("Performance1")}>
     Performance 1

A: onClick event binding is wrong, you should pass a function to onClick, but you bind whatever is returned from selectPerformance function. Binding should be:

 selectPerformance("Performance1")}>
 Performance 1

Reason of too many re-renders:
In this react docs link (https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html) under Let's quickly recap what's going on and the order in which the methods are called: part, 4th item tells:
Thanks to the setState() call, React knows the state has changed, and calls the render() method again to learn what should be on the screen.

So the reason is: when you update performance with selectPerformance function, state-related part gets re-rendered because there was a change in state. When state is re-rendered, selectPerformance gets called again. Because of that, state-related part gets re-rendered again, so selectedPerformance gets called again. Because of that state-related part ... infinite loop.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Why does my Internet slow to a crawl unless I reboot my router every few days? A few weeks ago, I noticed that my Internet connection had slowed down to a crawl. I waited a few days hoping it would go away on its own, but it didn't get better. So I asked this question about how to make it faster.
The problem went away after I updated to the latest firmware, so I didn't follow up too carefully. But every few days since then, my Internet has slowed down again. Unlike before, all I have to do to fix it is open the router administration page and press the "Reboot" button. Nothing else seems to work, though I'm sure there are options I haven't tried.
If it makes a difference, my girlfriend and I both transfer large amounts of data fairly routinely for school (videoconferencing, downloading entire recorded lectures).
The router is a Cisco/Linksys WRT160N v3 that's about a year old. Most of the time, it deals with just two standard Windows 7 laptops.
The only thing I came across while searching for answers/dupes was this unresolved question, which seems similar superficially, but probably doesn't have the same root issue.
What could be causing these slowdowns, and how can I get rid of them?
EDIT :
After asking this followup question, I installed dd-wrt on my router, and I seem to be getting higher and more consistent speeds. Perhaps more importantly, my memory use is fairly constant. I know this isn't an answer — which is why I'm not posting it as an answer — but it is how I resolved the situation, and hopefully it'll be helpful for someone.

A: I'd say that the problem is bad memory management in router firmware. Basically whenever router needs to have lots of connections open, it uses up its RAM, which is normal. When a connection is closed, that RAM should be freed up. It looks like in your case it isn't. As router has less and less RAM available, it becomes slower and slower and in the end you have to reboot it. When it is rebooted, contents of the memory are cleared and you have fresh memory to use.
If that's the case, then there's very little you can do. Your router may be supported by third party firmware like DD-WRT or OpenWRT (where's the rest of its name? I can't tell without it) so you could try installing one of then. Otherwise, you could hope for new version of official firmware which could fix the problem.
To check if I'm right, try opening lots of windows and tabs in your browser and go to as many websites as you can on as many computers as you can. Also, you could try finding a hot torrent and download it. Bittorrent will usually place heavy load on router and if the connection closing  problem is there, it will occur quickly.
I had a similar problem on a Netgear FVG318 router and solved it by getting a router which supports OpenWRT. I haven't had any problems since then.

A: In situations like this I love to take a cheap garden timer from Home Depot/Any Hardware store and set it to reboot the router on a daily basis in a time when theres generally little to no usage.

A: This is an issue I have dealt with for the last 5 years or so with 2 different Linksys models and 4 different laptops. While I have not found any permanent fixes, I have found a solution that is quicker than rebooting the router and/or pc and doesn't interrupt any devices connection to the internet.
Steps 1 and 8 are optional, but it's a good way to verify the effectiveness of this method.

*

*Go to speedtest.net and test your speed
 [Average pre-fix test ~ 2Mbps/~1Mbps]

*On a Windows PC, Open Device Manager

*Click to expand Network Devices

*Right click on your wireless adapter and go to properties

*Click the advanced tab

*Change any value of any setting and click okay

*Then change it back and click okay

*Go back to speedtest.net for another speed test
 [Average post-fix test ~ 20Mbps/~5Mbps]

My quoted speeds are 20/5, so after this fix, I get my full bandwidth; however, if there are other devices active on the network, the second test will give you a good idea of exactly how much traffic the other devices are using. Apparently my roommate is trying to download the entire internet's collection of porn in preparation for a zombie apocalypse :P

A: For Linksis Routers, go to Utilities tab and check the Firewall selection. By Disable (turn off) the router Firewall. It speed up the internet connection a lot. It is better than rebooting quite often.
You should turn off your router at night or at non usage time as routers that are turned on 24hrs are subjected to over heat and subject to hang due to triggering of the firewall feature.
After I solve my router problem by turning off the firewall, I switch off the router at night too to prolong the router life.

A: I just had this situation, cable tech said it was the wireless router.  So I bought a new one, same issue.  Then on a whim, changed cable from modem to router and lightning fast again.  Sometimes it really is the simple things.


This hoodie is the perfect upgrade to the sweatshirt that you keep borrowing from your guy. It has all the essentials, like an easy fit body and functional hood, but also features upgraded details like a v-neck placket and ribbed knitting. Created using our soft and airy cotton blend yarn, this top is truly an must-have.
We love this paired with just about anything. It works well with denim as well as twill wideleg pants for a weekday look.


Don't let love make a fool of you! If someone cares they protect your feelings. If they don't respect you it will only get worse. They can spend too much time, proving they are heartless and it will break your heart. If someone does this on a weekly basis, it is a game. People will hurt you when your are bedside worried about dying family member.Love is not selfish, and arrogant.
Why Is R.Kelly Still Trapped In The Closet?


text:
Documentary on WWII released
IMPHAL, Apr 6: A-thirteen-minute long documentary film based on WW-II at Imphal titled 'The Imphal Campaign' was released today at the conference hall, Babina Diagnostics Centre, Porompat.
The documentary film is being directed by Aribam Prem Sharma, video journalist, Impact TV and produced by Impact TV.
The release function was also attended by Christopher Johnson, author of Forgotten Army's Boxes of Lion as the chief guest.
Speaking on the sidelines of the function, Prem Sharma said his documentary is a result of the footages he had collected as a journalist since 2009.
He had never thought that he would be making the film, however, the coming of the Japanese Ambassador to India to Imphal during the three month long anniversary of the Imphal War had prompted him to turn his video clippings to a film.
The documentary is compiled by the video footages he had taken during his visit to the places of Battle of Sangshak, Battle of Imphal, Battle of Red Hills.
Previous articleHaoreibi locals demand arrest of accused in `thabal stabbing case`
Next articleRecruitment of Probationary Officers (PO) in State Bank of India (2014-15)
Elegance of the Dancing looms
Aribam Munindrajit - July 6, 2015


text:
Elena Zhukova/University of California
Andrea Ghez is the eighth UCLA faculty member to be named a Nobel laureate.
Andrea Ghez wins 2020 Nobel Prize in physics
UCLA professor is honored for her pioneering research on the Milky Way's supermassive black hole
Stuart Wolpert | October 6, 2020
Andrea Ghez, UCLA's Lauren B. Leichtman and Arthur E. Levine Professor of Astrophysics, today was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in physics.
Ghez shares half of the prize with Reinhard Genzel of UC Berkeley and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics. The Nobel committee praised them for "the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy." The other half of the prize was awarded to Roger Penrose of the University of Oxford "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity."
In July 2019, the journal Science published a study by Ghez and her research group that is the most comprehensive test of Albert Einstein's iconic general theory of relativity near the monstrous black hole at the center of our galaxy. Although she concluded that "Einstein's right, at least for now," the research group is continuing to test Einstein's theory, which she says cannot fully explain gravity inside a black hole.
Ghez studies more than 3,000 stars that orbit the supermassive black hole. Black holes have such high density that nothing can escape their gravitational pull, not even light. The center of the vast majority of galaxies appears to have a supermassive black hole, she said.
"I'm thrilled and incredibly honored to receive a Nobel Prize in physics," said Ghez, who is director of the UCLA Galactic Center Group. "The research the Nobel committee is honoring today is the product of a wonderful collaboration among the scientists in the UCLA Galactic Center Orbits Initiative and the University of California's wise investment in the W.M. Keck Observatory.
"We have cutting-edge tools and a world-class research team, and that combination makes discovery tremendous fun. Our understanding of how the universe works is still so incomplete. The Nobel Prize is fabulous, but we still have a lot to learn."
UCLA Chancellor Gene Block lauded Ghez for her accomplishments.
"The UCLA community is exceedingly proud of Professor Ghez's achievements, including this extraordinary honor," Block said. "We are inspired by her research uncovering the secrets of our universe and its potential to help us better understand the cosmos."
David Haviland, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, said: "The discoveries of this year's Laureates have broken new ground in the study of compact and supermassive objects. But these exotic objects still pose many questions that beg for answers and motivate future research. Not only questions about their inner structure, but also questions about how to test our theory of gravity under the extreme conditions in the immediate vicinity of a black hole."
Questioning Einstein
Ghez and her team have made direct measurements of how gravity works near a supermassive black hole — research she describes as "extreme astrophysics."
Einstein's general theory of relativity is the best description of how gravity works. "However, his theory is definitely showing vulnerability," Ghez said in 2019. "[A]t some point we will need to move beyond Einstein's theory to a more comprehensive theory of gravity that explains what a black hole is."
Less than two months after her publication in Science, she and her research group reported in Astrophysical Journal Letters the surprising finding that the supermassive black hole is having an unusually large meal of interstellar gas and dust — and they do not yet understand why.
"We have never seen anything like this in the 24 years we have studied the supermassive black hole," she said at the time. "It's usually a pretty quiet, wimpy black hole on a diet. We don't know what is driving this big feast."
In January 2020, her team reported the discovery of a new class of bizarre objects — objects that look like gas and behave like stars — at the center of our galaxy, not far from the supermassive black hole.
Ghez and her team conducted their research at the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii. They are able to see the impact of how space and time get comingled near the supermassive black hole, which is some 26,000 light-years away.
"Making a measurement of such fundamental importance has required years of patient observing, enabled by state-of-the-art technology," Richard Green, director of the National Science Foundation's division of astronomical sciences, said in 2019.
"Andrea is one of our most passionate and tenacious Keck users," Keck Observatory director Hilton Lewis said, also in 2019. "Her latest groundbreaking research is the culmination of unwavering commitment over the past two decades to unlock the mysteries of the supermassive black hole at the center of our Milky Way Galaxy."
The National Science Foundation funded Ghez's research for the past 25 years. More recently, her research has also been funded by the W.M. Keck Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Heising-Simons Foundation, Lauren Leichtman and Arthur Levine, and Howard and Astrid Preston.
► Listen to Ghez's phone conversation with the chief scientific officer of Nobel Media
In 1998, Ghez answered one of astronomy's most important questions, helping to show that a supermassive black hole resides at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. The question had been a subject of much debate among astronomers for more than a quarter of a century.
A technology that changed the field
Ghez helped pioneer a powerful technology called adaptive optics, which corrects the distorting effects of the Earth's atmosphere in real time and opened the center of our galaxy as a laboratory for exploring black holes and their fundamental role in the evolution of the universe. With adaptive optics at the Keck Observatory, she and her colleagues have revealed many surprises about the environments surrounding supermassive black holes, discovering, for example, young stars where none were expected and a lack of old stars where many were anticipated.
In 2000, Ghez and her research team reported that for the first time, astronomers had seen stars accelerate around the supermassive black hole. In 2003, she and her team reported that the case for the Milky Way's black hole had been strengthened substantially and that all of the proposed alternatives could be excluded.
In 2005, Ghez and her colleagues took the first clear picture of the center of the Milky Way, including the area surrounding the black hole, at the Keck Observatory.
Ghez has earned numerous honors for her research, including election to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She was the first woman to receive the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' Crafoord Prize and was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2008. In 2019, she was awarded an honorary degree by Oxford University.
Ghez earned a bachelor's degree in physics from MIT in 1987 and a doctorate from Caltech in 1992, and she has been a member of the UCLA faculty since 1994. When she was young, she wanted to be the first woman to walk on the moon.
Lessons from a stellar career
At a UCLA news conference hours after the Nobel announcement, Ghez discussed her research and shared lessons from throughout her career.
Asked about the potential for competition among astronomers to make the next major discovery, she said it took her about 10 years to learn the approach that has continued to serve her: "Focus on getting the science right, rather than being first."
Among her future goals, she said, is learning and testing how gravity works near a supermassive black hole.
Ghez also encouraged young students who love science to pursue their dreams and learn how to overcome obstacles. "Follow your passions," she said, "and be persistent.... Find comfort with discomfort."
And she acknowledged that she is pleased to be recognized as a role model for young women, as she has been for decades. She published "You Can Be a Woman Astronomer" in 1995.
Ghez is the eighth UCLA faculty member to be named a Nobel laureate, joining Willard Libby (chemistry, 1960), Julian Schwinger (physics, 1965), Donald Cram (chemistry, 1987), Paul Boyer (chemistry, 1997), Louis Ignarro (physiology or medicine, 1998), Lloyd Shapley (economics, 2012) and J. Fraser Stoddart (2016). Stoddart was a Northwestern University faculty member when he received the honor, but much of the work for which he was recognized was conducted at UCLA from 1997 to 2008.
In addition, seven UCLA alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize.
Ghez is also the fourth woman to receive the physics prize, following Marie Curie in 1903, Maria Goeppert Mayer in 1963 and Donna Strickland in 2018.
Tags: research | science | Nobel Prize | physics | astronomy | faculty news | awards and honors
For journalists: Recording of virtual press conference
Video: Andrea Ghez TED Talk on black holes
Video: Andrea Ghez on creativity
Video: UCLA's 37 questions with Andrea Ghez
Scientific American: Andrea Ghez and the experiment nobody thought would work
Andrea Ghez delivers Nobel Lecture
Christopher Dibble
Andrea Ghez


vigh barna is the best hungarian rider ever!!!
are u married and do u have children?
if yes, how do they tolerate when you travel a lot and ride on competitions?
I would loved to see Webbie in the finals, and I haven't seen Aaron Ross anywhere??? Were had he been? Does he take part in the qualifing session at all?????????????
This news blog has 53 comments.
id never buy that for ride!


Our client is a professional Pharmaceutical organization, based in Noord-Holland Netherlands. They are a world leader in healthcare. A company that delivers their part in a healthier world. It is a highly trusted organization with a diverse portfolio in for instance in pharmaceuticals and devices. They have modern production facilities.
You will be responsible to guard over de quality of our clients products. You will report abnormalities within the production and do quality reviews. Continually you are a part of improving the quality of the products. You will work in a team of QP's and QA specialists and you are responsible to report to the QP. The end date of this project is not yet known, expected 6-8 months.
As an interim QA specialist you are responsible for the routine work of Quality Systems activities. Monitor, review and give advice to your colleagues about procedures and standards of Quality Assurance is a part of your function.
- Support in QS-subjects as change control, auditing, regulatory compliance etc.


text:
Westlake Bio Unveils $320M Fund to Put Los Angeles on the Biotech Map
Xconomy National —
Los Angeles has long been in San Francisco's shadow when it comes to life sciences investment. But a new venture capital firm led by industry veterans is trying to cast the City of Angels in a new light.
Westlake Village BioPartners is launching today with $320 million in committed capital. The Los Angeles-based firm is led by managing directors Beth Seidenberg, a former general partner at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins, and Sean Harper, the outgoing executive vice president of research and development at Amgen (NASDAQ: AMGN). Harper will start with Westlake in January after retiring from Amgen. Scott Ryles, chief operating officer of Kleiner Perkins, is joining Westlake as its COO.
Seidenberg shares Amgen ties with Harper. Before joining Menlo Park, CA-based Kleiner Perkins in 2005, she was Amgen's chief medical officer. Kleiner Perkins invests in both technology and life sciences, and although there is growing overlap between the two fields, Seidenberg says she'll have more opportunities at Westlake.
"At Kleiner Perkins, the amount of capital I would have to focus on life sciences was less than what I thought a dedicated life sciences fund would be able to have," she says.
Westlake will invest primarily in pharmaceutical and biotech companies, but the firm will be open to other technologies with medical applications, says Seidenberg. Most investments will be in early-stage startups. Seidenberg adds that Westlake will incubate some technologies with seed money before committing to a full Series A round of financing. Westlake has already started talking with entrepreneurs, though Seidenberg declined to discuss additional details such as the therapeutic areas of potential investments.
The Los Angeles area attracts a fair amount of venture capital—it was the nation's fifth largest market from 2006 to 2016, according to Pitchbook—but most of the investment is in is in high tech.
Harper says Westlake can play a role in boosting the L.A. life sciences sector. UCLA and CalTech are already churning out biotech innovations, and large pharmaceutical companies such as Thousand Oaks, CA-based Amgen and Allergan (NYSE: AGN), which has a large presence in Irvine, CA, have helped broaden the pool of life science workers throughout the region.
"The thing that's really been missing in terms of sparking a really vibrant ecosystem like you see in Boston and San Francisco is having a dedicated life sciences venture group that knows what it's doing from a scientific and technical perspective," Harper says.
Harper has lived in Southern California for 16 years. For Seidenberg, Westlake represents a homecoming, though she points out that she never really left. For the past 13 years, she's been commuting to the Bay Area from her L.A. home. She says that many of the L.A.-area biotech entrepreneurs are like her: industry veterans who are returning to Southern California from other parts of the country to try something new.
"This is the golden age of biotech," Seidenberg says. "The opportunities for biotech investing, having been in this industry for nearly 30 years, are better than I've ever seen."
Photo by Westlake Village BioPartners
Bio Roundup: Drug Price Debates, NY Bio Blooms & CEOs Take Social Stand
Bio Roundup: Graham-Cassidy, Axovant Fail, SpringWorks Launches & More
Bio Roundup: Hope for Lungs, Bradner's Complaint, FDA Nods & More


text:
Q: Uncaught TypeError: Cannot set property 'className' of null Following code shows error "Uncaught TypeError: Cannot set property 'className' of null"

i am trying pass id of division to js function by on click event of anchor tag.. and i want to change the class name of the division,
help me to identify the error..

A: That error occurs because in your document you have no elements whose id is "div" so document.getElementById('div') is null.
You need to change here:
onclick="click('division');"

use quotes around argument, and
document.getElementById(div).className  = 'active';

div here must not be enclosed in quotes, since you're using the parameter passed when the function has been called
(as a side note: avoid to call your function click)
example fiddle


text:
SUVs and trucks save the day as U.S. car sales dip through June
Summer heat means danger for pets in cars
Tesla Model 3 sales set to begin July 28
Although U.S. auto sales so far this year aren't as hot as 2016, it'll still probably be a good year
by Jamie Butters and David Welch	 | July 4, 2017
Demand for cars in the U.S. softened through June, but truck and SUV sales saved the day. Gene J. Puskar / Associated Press
Automakers may have no chance of matching last year's record U.S. sales, but they're still selling lots of expensive trucks and SUVs, and that's good news for investors.
General Motors and Ford shares rose as the industry closed out the first half with more evidence there can be a profitable vehicle mix, even as total sales ebb from 2016. Industry-wide sales fell 3 per cent in June and the month's annualized selling rate slipped to 16.5 million vehicles from 16.8 million a year earlier, according to Autodata Corp.
"The market is holding up very well," said Michelle Krebs, senior analyst at AutoTrader.com. "We expected this kind of decline last year and we got an extra year of growth, so it's pretty strong overall."
Most major automakers reported better sales than analysts had estimated for June following a five-month streak of industry declines, with demand for roomier SUVs and pickup trucks doing most of the heavy lifting. Low unemployment, rising consumer confidence and an unexpected boost in orders at American factories all say that the economy is strong enough to keep car sales moving at a robust pace, even though it has softened from last year.
Big Vehicles
"We're pretty optimistic turning the corner into the second half," Bill Fay, the head of Toyota sales in the U.S., said on a Monday call with reporters. The automaker is sticking to its industry forecast of 17.1 million sales this year.
Collapsing demand for sedans and coupes by American consumers and rental-car companies have produced small declines in U.S. sales volumes every month this year, and while second-half promotions are unlikely to reverse what looks like a permanent shift, the industry is still outperforming estimates. Among the six top sellers in the U.S., only GM missed analysts' predictions.
Toyota's deliveries climbed 2.1 percent in June, while Honda sales rose 0.8 per cent from the same month last year, both surpassing analyst estimates. Nissan, which had been expected to record a drop, saw sales rise 2 per cent instead. Deliveries of the Toyota RAV4 spiked 25 per cent while the Honda HR-V saw a 35 per cent gain.
Sales at Ford slipped 5 per cent, but even that was less than the drop analysts had been estimating. A 14 per cent slide in sales to fleet customers drove Ford's decline. Sedan sales at Ford plunged almost a quarter, while deliveries of Ford's biggest money maker, the F-Series truck line, rose 9.8 percent.
Dramatic Shift
"That dramatic shift into SUVs and trucks, which transact at a higher level generally, is not overcoming the overall weakness in cars," Mark LaNeve, Ford's U.S. sales chief, told analysts and reporters on a conference call Monday. "That trend is being played out across the industry."
GM sales dropped 4.7 per cent, more than analysts forecast, as it curtailed fleet sales. Its truck-focused GMC brand reported a 3.6 per cent drop and passengers cars, like the Chevrolet Malibu and Cruze, fell by more than 30 per cent. Still, average transaction prices rose about $400 each as it sold more big vehicles, GM said.
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, which had been expected to report the biggest sales drop at 7.9 percent, narrowly beat estimates with a 7.4 percent slide. Among the biggest automakers, only Toyota and Honda had been expected to report increases in June deliveries. Volkswagen, the world's biggest automaker but still a smaller player in the U.S., saw its combined VW and Audi sales rise with the addition of the Volkswagen Atlas, a new three-row SUV made in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Optimism about second-half demand is already gaining credence with strong showroom traffic, said Judy Wheeler, Nissan brand's head of U.S. sales. Feedback from regional vice presidents indicates that shoppers who were holding out for Fourth of July deals are showing up in stores this month. "Our stores have been busy," she said.
Summer Shutdowns
GM, Ford and Fiat Chrysler are all shortening summer shutdowns or forgoing them altogether at some U.S. plants that make popular SUVs and pickups, as demand for the bigger vehicles continues to chug along. At the same time, several car plants are bracing for a cut in summertime shifts and output as manufacturers try to align supply with still-slumping passenger-car demand.
"It's been encouraging to see the level of discipline we've seen so far. We have seen a targeted cutback in production," Kelley Blue Book analyst Alec Gutierrez said. "There is recognition that the market is cooling off a bit."
The full-year total of 17.2 million analysts have been projecting would end a seven-year winning streak for the auto sector, but would still mark the fourth-best year on record. The industry sold 17.55 million cars and light trucks last year.
"It doesn't look like there's any indication that we would gain enough momentum as an industry in the second half to eclipse last year," LaNeve said.
Alec Gutierrez
Autodatanetwork Inc.
AutoTrader.com LLC
Cars and Car Design
Chrysler Group LLC
Ford F-Series
General Motors Corporation
Honda Motor Co. Ltd.
Judy Wheeler
Kelley Blue Book Co. Inc.
Mark LaNeve
Michelle Krebs
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.
Canadian auto sales up 11.2 per cent in May
Honda sold its two-millionth Civic in Canada
Top 10 biggest automakers in the world
News Roundup: Couple sues over Mercedes-Benz they're frightened to drive
B.C. offers up to $100,000 in rebates to businesses for switching to EVs
These 10 vehicles are the cheapest to insure in Canada