text:
<?php
/*********
* Author: Mrinmoy Mondal
* Date  : 21 Sep 2011
* Modified By:
* Modified Date:
*
* Purpose:
*  Controller For manage_private_message
*
* @package Content Management
* @subpackage manage_private_message
*
* @link InfController.php
* @link My_Controller.php
* @link model/manage_private_message_model.php
* @link views/admin/manage_private_message/
*/

class Manage_private_message extends My_Controller implements InfController
{
    public $cls_msg;//////All defined error messages.
    public $pathtoclass;

    public function __construct()
    {

        try
        {
          parent::__construct();
          $this->data['title']="Private Message Management";////Browser Title

          ////////Define Errors Here//////
          $this->cls_msg = array();
          $this->cls_msg["no_result"]="No information found about private message.";
          $this->cls_msg["save_err"]="Information about private message failed to save.";
          $this->cls_msg["save_succ"]="Information about private message saved successfully.";
          $this->cls_msg["delete_err"]="Information about private message failed to remove.";
          $this->cls_msg["delete_succ"]="Information about private message removed successfully.";
		   $this->cls_msg["status_err"]="Message status change failed.";
          $this->cls_msg["status_succ"]="Message status changed successfully.";
          ////////end Define Errors Here//////
          $this->pathtoclass = admin_base_url().$this->router->fetch_class()."/";//for redirecting from this class

		  //////// loading default model here //////////////
          $this->load->model("private_message_model","mod_rect");
		  //////// end loading default model here //////////////

        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function index()
    {
        try
        {
            redirect($this->pathtoclass."show_list");
        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }

	/****
    * Display the list of records
    *
    */
    public function show_list($start=NULL,$limit=NULL)
    {
        try
        {
            $this->data['heading']="Private Message";////Package Name[@package] Panel Heading

            ///////////generating search query///////
            ////////Getting Posted or session values for search///
            $s_search=(isset($_POST["h_search"])?$this->input->post("h_search"):$this->session->userdata("h_search"));
            $s_title=($this->input->post("h_search")?$this->input->post("s_title"):$this->session->userdata("s_title"));
            $dt_created_on=($this->input->post("h_search")?$this->input->post("txt_created_on"):$this->session->userdata("txt_created_on"));
            ////////end Getting Posted or session values for search///

            $s_where=" WHERE j.i_status!=0";
            if($s_search=="basic")
            {
                $s_where.=" And n.s_message LIKE '%".get_formatted_string($s_title)."%' ";
                /////Storing search values into session///
                $this->session->set_userdata("s_title",$s_title);
                $this->session->set_userdata("h_search",$s_search);

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]=$s_title;
                /////end Storing search values into session///
            }
            elseif($s_search=="advanced")
            {
                $s_where.=" And j.s_title LIKE '%".get_formatted_string($s_title)."%' ";

			    if(trim($dt_created_on)!="")
                {
                    $dt_start=date("Y-m-d",strtotime(trim($dt_created_on." "))) ;
                    $s_where.=" And FROM_UNIXTIME( n.i_created_date , '%Y-%m-%d' ) ='".$dt_start."' ";
                    unset($dt_start);
                }

                /////Storing search values into session///
                $this->session->set_userdata("s_title",$s_title);
                $this->session->set_userdata("txt_created_on",$dt_created_on);
                $this->session->set_userdata("h_search",$s_search);

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]=$s_title;
                $this->data["txt_created_on"]=$dt_created_on;
                /////end Storing search values into session///

            }
            else////List all records, **not done
            {
               $s_where=" WHERE j.i_status!=0";
                /////Releasing search values from session///
                $this->session->unset_userdata("s_title");
                $this->session->unset_userdata("txt_created_on");
                $this->session->unset_userdata("h_search");

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]="";
                $this->data["txt_created_on"]="";
                /////end Storing search values into session///

            }
            unset($s_search,$s_user_type,$dt_created_on);
            ///Setting Limits, If searched then start from 0////
			//$i_uri_seg = 6;
            if($this->input->post("h_search"))
            {
                $start=0;
            }
            else
            {
                $start=$this->uri->segment($this->i_uri_seg);
            }
            ///////////end generating search query///////

            $limit	= $this->i_admin_page_limit;
            $info	= $this->mod_rect->fetch_multi($s_where,intval($start),$limit);
			//print_r($info);
            /////////Creating List view for displaying/////////
            $table_view=array();
			         // echo $s_where;
            //////Table Headers, with width,alignment///////
            $table_view["caption"]="All Private Message";
            $table_view["total_rows"]=count($info);
			$table_view["total_db_records"]=$this->mod_rect->gettotal_board_info($s_where);
			$table_view["detail_view"] = FALSE;
            $j_col = 0;

            $table_view["headers"][$j_col]["val"]	="Job";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Buyer";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="15%";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="New post";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="7%";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Total post";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="7%";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["align"]	="center";
            $table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Post Date";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="10%";
          //  $table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Status";
			//$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="9%";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Action";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="5%";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["align"]	="center";
            //////end Table Headers, with width,alignment///////

            /////////Table Data/////////
            for($i=0; $i<$table_view["total_rows"]; $i++)
            {
                $i_col=0;
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	= encrypt($info[$i]["id"]);////Index 0 must be the encrypted PK
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_job_title"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_sender_user"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["i_new_pmb"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["i_total_pmb"];
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["dt_created_on"];
               // $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_status"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	= ' '.'';

            }
            /////////end Table Data/////////
            unset($i,$i_col,$start,$limit);

            $this->data["table_view"]=$this->admin_showin_table($table_view);
            /////////Creating List view for displaying/////////
            $this->data["search_action"]=$this->pathtoclass.$this->router->fetch_method();///used for search form action
            //echo $this->data["search_action"];

            $this->render();
            unset($table_view,$info);

        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
        	show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }

	 public function job_message_board($s_job_id='')
    {
        try
        {

			if(empty($s_job_id))
            	redirect($this->pathtoclass."show_list");
			else
			{
				$this->session->set_userdata('i_msg_board_job_id',decrypt($s_job_id));
				//echo decrypt($s_job_id);
				redirect($this->pathtoclass."show_message_board");
			}
        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }
	/****
    * Display the list of records
    *
    */
    public function show_message_board($start=NULL,$limit=NULL)
    {
        try
        {
            $this->data['heading']="Private Message";////Package Name[@package] Panel Heading

            ///////////generating search query///////
            ////////Getting Posted or session values for search///
            $s_search=(isset($_POST["h_search"])?$this->input->post("h_search"):$this->session->userdata("h_search"));
            $s_title=($this->input->post("h_search")?$this->input->post("s_title"):$this->session->userdata("s_title"));
            $dt_created_on=($this->input->post("h_search")?$this->input->post("txt_created_on"):$this->session->userdata("txt_created_on"));
            ////////end Getting Posted or session values for search///

            $i_msg_board_job_id = $this->session->userdata('i_msg_board_job_id');
			/* load Job Details*/
				$this->load->model('manage_jobs_model');
			$this->data['job_info'] = $this->manage_jobs_model->fetch_this($i_msg_board_job_id);
			//pr($this->data['job_info']);
			/**/
            $s_where=" WHERE n.i_job_id =$i_msg_board_job_id ";

            if($s_search=="basic")
            {
                $s_where.=" And n.s_message LIKE '%".get_formatted_string($s_title)."%' ";
                /////Storing search values into session///
                $this->session->set_userdata("s_title",$s_title);
                $this->session->set_userdata("h_search",$s_search);

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]=$s_title;
                /////end Storing search values into session///
            }
            elseif($s_search=="advanced")
            {
                $s_where.=" And j.s_title LIKE '%".get_formatted_string($s_title)."%' ";

			    if(trim($dt_created_on)!="")
                {
                    $dt_start=date("Y-m-d",strtotime(trim($dt_created_on." "))) ;
                    $s_where.=" And FROM_UNIXTIME( n.i_created_date , '%Y-%m-%d' ) ='".$dt_start."' ";
                    unset($dt_start);
                }

                /////Storing search values into session///
                $this->session->set_userdata("s_title",$s_title);
                $this->session->set_userdata("txt_created_on",$dt_created_on);
                $this->session->set_userdata("h_search",$s_search);

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]=$s_title;
                $this->data["txt_created_on"]=$dt_created_on;
                /////end Storing search values into session///

            }
            else////List all records, **not done
            {
             //   $s_where=" WHERE n.i_status!=0 ";
                /////Releasing search values from session///
                $this->session->unset_userdata("s_title");
                $this->session->unset_userdata("txt_created_on");
                $this->session->unset_userdata("h_search");

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]="";
                $this->data["txt_created_on"]="";
                /////end Storing search values into session///

            }
            unset($s_search,$s_user_type,$dt_created_on);
            ///Setting Limits, If searched then start from 0////
            if($this->input->post("h_search"))
            {
                $start=0;
            }
            else
            {
                $start=$this->uri->segment($this->i_uri_seg);
            }
            ///////////end generating search query///////

            $limit	= $this->i_admin_page_limit;
            $info	= $this->mod_rect->fetch_multi_msg_brd($s_where,intval($start),$limit);
			//print_r($info);
            /////////Creating List view for displaying/////////
            $table_view=array();

            //////Table Headers, with width,alignment///////
            $table_view["caption"]="All Private Message";
            $table_view["total_rows"]=count($info);
			$table_view["total_db_records"]=$this->mod_rect->gettotal_msg_brd_info($s_where);
			$table_view["detail_view"] = FALSE;
            $j_col = 0;

            $table_view["headers"][$j_col]["val"]	="Tradesman";
			//$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Sender";
		//	$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="15%";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="New Post";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="15%";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Total post";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="7%";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["align"]	="center";
            $table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Post Date";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="10%";
           // $table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Status";
			//$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="9%";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Action";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="5%";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["align"]	="center";
            //////end Table Headers, with width,alignment///////

            /////////Table Data/////////
            for($i=0; $i<$table_view["total_rows"]; $i++)
            {
                $i_col=0;
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	= encrypt($info[$i]["id"]);////Index 0 must be the encrypted PK
               $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_receiver_user"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["i_new_pmb"];
			//	$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_receiver_user"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["i_total_pmb"];
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["dt_created_on"];
              ///  $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_status"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	= ' '.'';

            }
            /////////end Table Data/////////
            unset($i,$i_col,$start,$limit);

            $this->data["table_view"]=$this->admin_showin_table($table_view);
            /////////Creating List view for displaying/////////
            $this->data["search_action"]=$this->pathtoclass.$this->router->fetch_method();///used for search form action
            //echo $this->data["search_action"];

            $this->render();
            unset($table_view,$info);

        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
        	show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }
	/****
    * Display the list of records
    *
    */
	 public function job_pmb($s_msg_board_id='')
    {
        try
        {
			if(empty($s_msg_board_id))
            	redirect($this->pathtoclass."show_list");
			else
			{
				$this->session->set_userdata('i_msg_board_id',decrypt($s_msg_board_id));
				redirect($this->pathtoclass."job_message");
			}
        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }
    public function job_message($start=NULL,$limit=NULL)
    {
        try
        {
            $this->data['heading']="Private Message";////Package Name[@package] Panel Heading

            ///////////generating search query///////
            ////////Getting Posted or session values for search///
            $s_search=(isset($_POST["h_search"])?$this->input->post("h_search"):$this->session->userdata("h_search"));
            $s_title=($this->input->post("h_search")?$this->input->post("s_title"):$this->session->userdata("s_title"));
            $dt_created_on=($this->input->post("h_search")?$this->input->post("txt_created_on"):$this->session->userdata("txt_created_on"));
            ////////end Getting Posted or session values for search///

			/* load Job Details*/

			/**/
            $i_msg_board_id = $this->session->userdata('i_msg_board_id');
			$this->data['job_info'] = $this->mod_rect->fetch_this($i_msg_board_id);
			//pr($this->data['job_info']);
            $s_where=" WHERE pd.i_msg_board_id =$i_msg_board_id ";
            if($s_search=="basic")
            {
                $s_where.=" And n.s_message LIKE '%".get_formatted_string($s_title)."%' ";
                /////Storing search values into session///
                $this->session->set_userdata("s_title",$s_title);
                $this->session->set_userdata("h_search",$s_search);

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]=$s_title;
                /////end Storing search values into session///
            }
            elseif($s_search=="advanced")
            {
              //  $s_where.=" And j.s_title LIKE '%".get_formatted_string($s_title)."%' ";

			    if(trim($dt_created_on)!="")
                {
                    $dt_start=date("Y-m-d",strtotime(trim($dt_created_on." "))) ;
                    $s_where.=" And FROM_UNIXTIME( pd.i_date , '%Y-%m-%d' ) ='".$dt_start."' ";
                    unset($dt_start);
                }

                /////Storing search values into session///
                $this->session->set_userdata("s_title",$s_title);
                $this->session->set_userdata("txt_created_on",$dt_created_on);
                $this->session->set_userdata("h_search",$s_search);

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]=$s_title;
                $this->data["txt_created_on"]=$dt_created_on;
                /////end Storing search values into session///

            }
            else////List all records, **not done
            {
              //  $s_where=" WHERE pd.i_status!=0 ";
                /////Releasing search values from session///
                $this->session->unset_userdata("s_title");
                $this->session->unset_userdata("txt_created_on");
                $this->session->unset_userdata("h_search");

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]="";
                $this->data["txt_created_on"]="";
                /////end Storing search values into session///

            }
            unset($s_search,$s_user_type,$dt_created_on);
            ///Setting Limits, If searched then start from 0////
            if($this->input->post("h_search"))
            {
                $start=0;
            }
            else
            {
                $start=$this->uri->segment($this->i_uri_seg);
            }
            ///////////end generating search query///////

            $limit	= $this->i_admin_page_limit;
            $info	= $this->mod_rect->fetch_pmb($s_where,intval($start),$limit);
			//pr($info);
            /////////Creating List view for displaying/////////
            $table_view=array();

            //////Table Headers, with width,alignment///////
            $table_view["caption"]="All Private Message";
            $table_view["total_rows"]=count($info);
			$table_view["total_db_records"]=$this->mod_rect->gettotal_pmb_info($s_where);
			$table_view["status_update"]  = TRUE;
			//$table_view["status_arr"]  =  $this->db->JOBSTATUS;
            $j_col = 0;

            $table_view["headers"][$j_col]["val"]	="Message";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Sender";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="15%";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Receiver";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="15%";
            $table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Post Date";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="10%";
            $table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Status";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="9%";
			$table_view["headers"][++$j_col]["val"]	="Action";
			$table_view["headers"][$j_col]["width"]	="7%";
            //////end Table Headers, with width,alignment///////

            /////////Table Data/////////
            for($i=0; $i<$table_view["total_rows"]; $i++)
            {
                $i_col=0;
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	= encrypt($info[$i]["id"]);////Index 0 must be the encrypted PK
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_content"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_sender_name"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_receiver_name"];
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["dt_reply_on"];
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_status"];
				$link = '';
				if($info[$i]["i_status"] == 0)
				{
					$link = ''.' ';
				}
				else
				{
					$link = 'NA';
				}
				$link .=' pathtoclass.'modify_information'.'/'.encrypt($info[$i]["id"]).'">';
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$link;

            }
            /////////end Table Data/////////
            unset($i,$i_col,$start,$limit);

            $this->data["table_view"]=$this->admin_showin_table($table_view);
            /////////Creating List view for displaying/////////
            $this->data["search_action"]=$this->pathtoclass.$this->router->fetch_method();///used for search form action
            //echo $this->data["search_action"];

            $this->render();
            unset($table_view,$info);

        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
        	show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }
	 public function change_status($i_id=0)
    {
        try
        {
            $i_ret_=0;
            $pageno=$this->input->post("h_pageno");///the pagination page no, to return at the same page

            /////Update What?//////
            $s_del_these=$this->input->post("h_list");

			 $i_status = decrypt($this->input->post("h_status"));

            switch($s_del_these)
			{
				case "all":
							$i_ret_=$this->mod_rect->update_status(-1);
							break;
				default: 		///Deleting selected,page ///
							//////First consider the posted ids, if found then take $i_id value////
							$id=(!$i_id?$this->input->post("chk_del"):$i_id);///may be an array of IDs or single id
							if(is_array($id) && !empty($id))///Deleting Multi Records
							{
							///////////Deleting Information///////
							$tot=count($id)-1;
							while($tot>=0)
							{
							$i_ret_=$this->mod_rect->update_status(decrypt($id[$tot]),$i_status);
							$tot--;
							}
							}
							elseif($id>0)///Deleting single Records
							{
							$i_ret_=$this->mod_rect->update_status(decrypt($id),$i_status);
							}
							break;
			}
            unset($s_del_these, $id, $tot);

            if($i_ret_)
            {
                set_success_msg($this->cls_msg["status_succ"]);
            }
            else
            {
                set_error_msg($this->cls_msg["status_err"]);
            }
            redirect($this->pathtoclass."job_message".($pageno?"/".$pageno:""));
        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /***
    * Method to Display and Save New information
    * This have to sections:
    *  >>Displaying Blank Form for new entry.
    *  >>Saving the new information into DB
    * After Posting the form, the posted values must be
    * shown in the form if any error occurs to avoid re-entry of the form.
    *
    * On Success redirect to the showList interface else display error here.
    */
    public function add_information()
    {
        //echo $this->router->fetch_method();exit();
		try
        {
			redirect($this->pathtoclass."show_list");

            $this->data['title']="Job Management";////Browser Title
            $this->data['heading']="Add Job";
            $this->data['pathtoclass']=$this->pathtoclass;
            $this->data['mode']="add";

            ////////////Submitted Form///////////
            if($_POST)
            {
				$posted=array();
                $posted["s_username"]	= 	trim($this->input->post("s_username"));
				$posted["s_name"]		= 	trim($this->input->post("s_name"));
				$posted["s_email"]		= 	trim($this->input->post("s_email"));
				$posted["s_skype_id"]	= 	trim($this->input->post("s_skype_id"));
				$posted["s_msn_id"]		= 	trim($this->input->post("s_msn_id"));
				$posted["s_yahoo_id"]	= 	trim($this->input->post("s_yahoo_id"));
				$posted["s_contact_no"]	= 	trim($this->input->post("s_contact_no"));
				$posted["opt_state"]	=	trim($this->input->post("opt_state"));
				$posted["opt_city"]		=	trim($this->input->post("opt_city"));
				$posted["opt_zip"]		=	trim($this->input->post("opt_zip"));
				$posted["s_lat"]		=	trim($this->input->post("s_lat"));
				$posted["s_lng"]		=	trim($this->input->post("s_lng"));
				//$posted["opt_role"]		=	trim($this->input->post("opt_role"));
				$posted["opt_role"]		=	1;

				$i_verified_val 		= trim($this->input->post("i_verified"));
                $posted["i_verified"]	= ($i_verified_val==1)?$i_verified_val:0;
				$i_active_val 			= trim($this->input->post("i_is_active"));
                $posted["i_is_active"]	= ($i_active_val==1)?$i_active_val:0;
                $posted["h_mode"]= $this->data['mode'];
                $posted["h_id"]= "";

                $this->form_validation->set_rules('s_username', 'username', 'required');
                $this->form_validation->set_rules('s_name', 'name', 'required');
				$this->form_validation->set_rules('s_email', 'username', 'required|valid_email');
				$this->form_validation->set_rules('s_skype_id', 'skype id', 'required');
				$this->form_validation->set_rules('s_msn_id', 'msn id', 'required');
				$this->form_validation->set_rules('s_yahoo_id', 'yahoo id', 'required');
				$this->form_validation->set_rules('s_contact_no', 'contact no', 'required');

                if($this->form_validation->run() == FALSE)/////invalid
                {
                    ////////Display the add form with posted values within it////
                    $this->data["posted"]=$posted;
                }
                else///validated, now save into DB
                {
                    $info=array();
                    $info["s_username"]		=	$posted["s_username"];
                    $info["s_name"]			=	$posted["s_name"];
					$info["s_email"]		=	$posted["s_email"];
                    $info["s_skype_id"]		=	$posted["s_skype_id"];
					$info["s_msn_id"]		=	$posted["s_msn_id"];
                    $info["s_yahoo_id"]		=	$posted["s_yahoo_id"];
					$info["s_contact_no"]	=	$posted["s_contact_no"];
					$info["s_lat"]			=	$posted["s_lat"];
					$info["s_lng"]			=	$posted["s_lng"];

					$info["i_province"]		=	$posted["opt_state"];
                    $info["i_city"]			=	$posted["opt_city"];
					$info["i_zipcode"]		=	$posted["opt_zip"];
					$info["i_role"]			=	$posted["opt_role"];

                    $info["s_verified"]		=	$posted["i_verified"];
					$info["i_is_active"]	=	$posted["i_is_active"];
                    $info["i_created_date"]	=	strtotime(date("Y-m-d H:i:s"));

                    $i_newid = $this->mod_rect->add_info($info);
                    if($i_newid)////saved successfully
                    {
                        set_success_msg($this->cls_msg["save_succ"]);
                        redirect($this->pathtoclass."show_list");
                    }
                    else///Not saved, show the form again
                    {
                        set_error_msg($this->cls_msg["save_err"]);
                    }

                }
            }
            ////////////end Submitted Form///////////
			$this->data['arr_status'] = $this->db->JOBSTATUS;
            $this->render("manage_jobs/add-edit");
        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /***
    * Method to Display and Save Updated information
    * This have to sections:
    *  >>Displaying Values in Form for modifying entry.
    *  >>Saving the new information into DB
    * After Posting the form, the posted values must be
    * shown in the form if any error occurs to avoid re-entry of the form.
    *
    * On Success redirect to the showList interface else display error here.
    * @param int $i_id, id of the record to be modified.
    */
    public function modify_information($i_id=0)
    {

        try
        {
            $this->data['title']="Edit Message Details";////Browser Title
            $this->data['heading']="Edit Message";
            $this->data['pathtoclass']=$this->pathtoclass;
            $this->data['mode']="edit";

            ////////////Submitted Form///////////
            if($_POST)
            {
				$posted=array();
                $posted["h_mode"]= $this->data['mode'];

				$posted["i_status"]		=	trim($this->input->post("i_status"));
				$posted["s_content"]	= 	trim($this->input->post("s_content"));
                $posted["h_id"]			= 	trim($this->input->post("h_id"));

                $this->form_validation->set_rules('s_content', 'message', 'required');

                if($this->form_validation->run() == FALSE)/////invalid
                {
                    ////////Display the add form with posted values within it////
                    $this->data["posted"]=$posted;
                }
                else///validated, now save into DB
                {
                    $info	=	array();

					$info["s_content"]	=	$posted["s_content"];
					$info["i_status"]	=	decrypt($posted["i_status"]);
					$info["s_email_to"]	=	$user["s_receiver_user_email"];

					$info["s_subject"]	=	"private message";
					$info["s_email_from"]= $this->config->item('quoteurjob_admin_url');
					 $info["i_date"]	=	strtotime(date("Y-m-d H:i:s"));

                    $i_aff=$this->mod_rect->update_new_message_details($info,decrypt($posted["h_id"]));
				//	pr($i_aff,1);
                    if($i_aff)////saved successfully
                    {
                        set_success_msg($this->cls_msg["save_succ"]);

                        redirect($this->pathtoclass."job_message");
                    }
                    else///Not saved, show the form again
                    {
                        $this->data["posted"]=$posted;
                        set_error_msg($this->cls_msg["save_err"]);
                    }
                    unset($info,$posted, $i_aff);

                }
            }
            else
            {
				$this->data["edit_action"]= (decrypt($type)) ? $this->pathtoclass.'modify_information'.'/'.$type : '';
                $info=$this->mod_rect->fetch_single_pmb(decrypt($i_id));

				//print_r($info); exit;
                $posted=array();
				$posted["s_job_title"]			=	trim($info["s_job_title"]);
				$posted["s_content"]			=	trim($info["s_content"]);
				$posted["i_status"]				=	encrypt(trim($info["i_status"]));

				//print_r($posted); exit;

				$posted["h_id"]= $i_id;

                $this->data["posted"]=$posted;
                unset($info,$posted);

            }
            ////////////end Submitted Form///////////
			$this->data['arr_status'] = $this->db->PMBSTATUS;
            $this->render("manage_private_message/add-edit");
        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /***
    * Method to Delete information
    * This have no interface but db operation
    * will be done here.
    *
    * On Success redirect to the showList interface else display error in showList interface.
    * @param int $i_id, id of the record to be modified.
    */
    public function remove_information($i_id=0)
    {
        try
        {
            $i_ret_=0;
            $pageno=$this->input->post("h_pageno");///the pagination page no, to return at the same page

            /////Deleting What?//////
            $s_del_these=$this->input->post("h_list");
            switch($s_del_these)
			{
				case "all":
							$i_ret_=$this->mod_rect->delete_info(-1);
							break;
				default: 		///Deleting selected,page ///
							//////First consider the posted ids, if found then take $i_id value////
							$id=(!$i_id?$this->input->post("chk_del"):$i_id);///may be an array of IDs or single id
							if(is_array($id) && !empty($id))///Deleting Multi Records
							{
							///////////Deleting Information///////
							$tot=count($id)-1;
							while($tot>=0)
							{
							$i_ret_=$this->mod_rect->delete_info(decrypt($id[$tot]));
							$tot--;
							}
							}
							elseif($id>0)///Deleting single Records
							{
							$i_ret_=$this->mod_rect->delete_info(decrypt($id));
							}
							break;
			}
            unset($s_del_these, $id, $tot);

            if($i_ret_)
            {
                set_success_msg($this->cls_msg["delete_succ"]);
            }
            else
            {
                set_error_msg($this->cls_msg["delete_err"]);
            }
            redirect($this->pathtoclass."show_list".($pageno?"/".$pageno:""));
        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /***
    * Shows details of a single record.
    *
    * @param int $i_id, Primary key
    */
    public function show_detail($i_id=0)
    {
        try
        {
            if(trim($i_id)!="")
            {
                $info=$this->mod_rect->fetch_single_pmb(decrypt($i_id));
			//	print_r($info);
                if(!empty($info))
                {
                    $temp=array();
                    $temp["s_id"]			= 	encrypt($info["id"]);////Index 0 must be the encrypted PK
					$temp["s_job_title"]		= 	trim($info["s_job_title"]);
					$temp["s_message"]			= 	htmlspecialchars_decode(trim($info["s_content"]));
					$temp["s_sender_user"]		= 	trim($info["s_sender_user"]);
					$temp["s_receiver_user"]	= 	trim($info["s_receiver_user"]);

					$temp["s_status"]			= 	trim($info["s_status"]);
					$temp["dt_created_on"]		= 	trim($info["dt_created_on"]);

					$this->data["info"]=$temp;
                    unset($temp);
                }
                unset($info);
            }
            $this->add_css("css/admin/style.css");///include main css
            $this->add_js("js/jquery/jquery-1.4.2.js");///include main css
            $this->add_css("js/jquery/themes/ui-darkness/ui.all.css");///include jquery css

            $this->render("manage_private_message/show_detail",TRUE);
            unset($i_id);
        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }
     /***
    * Checks duplicate value using ajax call
    */
    public function ajax_checkduplicate()
    {
        try
        {
            $posted=array();
            ///is the primary key,used for checking duplicate in edit mode
            $posted["id"]= decrypt($this->input->post("h_id"));/*don't change*/
            $posted["duplicate_value"]= htmlspecialchars(trim($this->input->post("h_duplicate_value")),ENT_QUOTES);

            if($posted["duplicate_value"]!="")
            {
                $qry=" Where ".(intval($posted["id"])>0 ? " n.id!=".intval($posted["id"])." And " : "" )
                    ." n.s_email='".$posted["duplicate_value"]."'";
                $info=$this->mod_rect->fetch_multi($qry,$start,$limit); /*don't change*/
                if(!empty($info))/////Duplicate eists
                {
                    echo "Duplicate exists";
                }
                else
                {
                    echo "valid";/*don't change*/
                }
                unset($qry,$info);
            }
        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
            show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }

	/****
    * Display the list of records when we need send extar param
    *
    */
    public function show_param_list($type=NULL,$start=NULL,$limit=NULL)
    {
        try
        {
			if(empty($type))
			{
				 redirect($this->pathtoclass."show_list");
				 exit;
			}

            $this->data['heading']= "New Private Message";////Package Name[@package] Panel Heading

            ///////////generating search query///////

            ////////Getting Posted or session values for search///
            $s_search=(isset($_POST["h_search"])?$this->input->post("h_search"):$this->session->userdata("h_search"));
            $s_title=($this->input->post("h_search")?$this->input->post("s_title"):$this->session->userdata("s_title"));
            $dt_created_on=($this->input->post("h_search")?$this->input->post("txt_created_on"):$this->session->userdata("txt_created_on"));
            ////////end Getting Posted or session values for search///

            $s_where=" WHERE n.i_status='".decrypt($type)."' ";
            if($s_search=="basic")
            {
                $s_where.=" AND n.s_message LIKE '%".get_formatted_string($s_title)."%' ";
                /////Storing search values into session///
                $this->session->set_userdata("s_title",$s_title);
                $this->session->set_userdata("h_search",$s_search);

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]=$s_title;
                /////end Storing search values into session///
            }
            elseif($s_search=="advanced")
            {
                if(trim($s_title))
				{
					$s_where.=" AND n.s_message LIKE '%".get_formatted_string($s_title)."%' ";
				}
                if(trim($dt_created_on)!="")
                {
                    $dt_start=date("Y-m-d",strtotime(trim($dt_created_on." "))) ;
                    $s_where.=" And FROM_UNIXTIME( n.i_created_date , '%Y-%m-%d' ) ='".$dt_start."' ";
                    unset($dt_start);
                }

                /////Storing search values into session///
                $this->session->set_userdata("s_title",$s_title);
                $this->session->set_userdata("txt_created_on",$dt_created_on);
                $this->session->set_userdata("h_search",$s_search);

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]=$s_title;
                $this->data["txt_created_on"]=$dt_created_on;
                /////end Storing search values into session///

            }
            else////List all records, **not done
            {

                /////Releasing search values from session///
                $this->session->unset_userdata("s_title");
                $this->session->unset_userdata("txt_created_on");
                $this->session->unset_userdata("h_search");

                $this->data["h_search"]=$s_search;
                $this->data["s_title"]="";
                $this->data["txt_created_on"]="";
                /////end Storing search values into session///

            }
            unset($s_search,$s_user_type,$dt_created_on);

			/* need to reassign the following value for extra param i.e $type*/

            $this->i_uri_seg = intval($this->i_uri_seg + 1);
            //$this->i_admin_page_limit = 1;

			/***************** End to reassign the config valus ***************/

            ///Setting Limits, If searched then start from 0////
            if($this->input->post("h_search"))
            {
                $start=0;
            }
            else
            {
                $start=$this->uri->segment($this->i_uri_seg);
            }
            ///////////end generating search query///////

			/********** added by iman on 21 sep 2011********************/

            $limit	= $this->i_admin_page_limit;
            $info	= $this->mod_rect->fetch_multi($s_where,intval($start),$limit);

            /////////Creating List view for displaying/////////
            $table_view=array();

            //////Table Headers, with width,alignment///////
            $table_view["caption"]="New Private Message";
            $table_view["total_rows"]=count($info);
			$table_view["param_type"]=$type; // need to send to create baseurl for pagination

			$table_view["total_db_records"]=$this->mod_rect->gettotal_info($s_where);

            $table_view["headers"][0]["width"]	="15%";
            $table_view["headers"][0]["align"]	="left";
            $table_view["headers"][0]["val"]	="Job";
			$table_view["headers"][1]["val"]	="Message";
			$table_view["headers"][2]["val"]	="Sender";
			$table_view["headers"][3]["val"]	="Receiver";
            $table_view["headers"][4]["val"]	="Post Date";
            $table_view["headers"][5]["val"]	="Status";
			$table_view["headers"][6]["val"]	="Edit";
            //////end Table Headers, with width,alignment///////

            /////////Table Data/////////
            for($i=0; $i<$table_view["total_rows"]; $i++)
            {
                $i_col=0;
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	= encrypt($info[$i]["id"]);////Index 0 must be the encrypted PK
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_job_title"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_message"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_sender_user"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_receiver_user"];
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["dt_created_on"];
                $table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	=$info[$i]["s_status"];
				$table_view["tablerows"][$i][$i_col++]	='pathtoclass.'modify_information'.'/'.$type.'/'.encrypt($info[$i]["id"]).'">';

            }
            /////////end Table Data/////////
            unset($i,$i_col,$start,$limit);

            $this->data["table_view"]=$this->admin_showin_param_table($table_view,TRUE);
            /////////Creating List view for displaying/////////
            $this->data["search_action"]=$this->pathtoclass.$this->router->fetch_method().'/'.$type;///used for search form action
            //echo $this->data["search_action"];

            $this->render();
            unset($table_view,$info);

        }
        catch(Exception $err_obj)
        {
        	show_error($err_obj->getMessage());
        }
    }

	public function __destruct()
    {}

}
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Contact Team
Bayan- an exploration of life
"When my trembling fingers were no longer able to press the keys as hard as I used to, my old ears failed to follow my melodies, my bayan began to change its rhythm and tone. I felt that it had become familiar with my trembling fingers and faulty hearing, and composed a melody that did not ask about the little shortcomings of my age…" (p.149).
So go the verbally expressed thoughts of a wizened yet wise Ivan Nikolayevich – an ordinary seventy year old individual with an extraordinary outlook of life – which fall on the ears of an enraptured stranger, as the former trails his fingers along an excessively used musical instrument of 20th century Russian origin – a 'bayan'- in an almost maternal motion, whilst ruminating over the vagaries of human companionship and commitment to the fellow members of its species.
The exquisitely painted cover page of 'Bayan' – portraying an elderly man in a brilliant crimson scarf and a rather enviable snowy white beard – provides no necessity for further divination: Ivan Nikolayevich is quite apparently the protagonist of the novel – a literary masterpiece by Pramudith D. Rupasinghe, the highly acclaimed author of equally captivating works like 'Footprints into Obscurity' and 'Behind the Eclipse'. The entrancing story encapsulated within the pages of 'Bayan' heralds its initiation along the glittering waters of River Vorskla that flows through Russia and northeastern Ukraine, travels among the golden sunflower fields that arise on the way to Ukrainian townships like Sumy, and proclaims its glorious conclusion in the backdrop of the wintry landscapes of Pervomaysk.
And in a manner that is remarkably similar to the thought-provoking effervescence of the vibrant landscapes the book is set against, the tone that entwines every word to each other is an exceedingly philosophical one – encouraging the minds of its readers to expand further and beyond familiar horizons. Ivan's existence, for instance, though appearing to the simpleton's eye as a mere geriatric burden to the soil of the earth, proves to be, in all veracity, a cornucopia of knowledge and wisdom which should be deemed absolutely imperative for people of all ages to partake in. The profundity of the philosophical life lessons he imparts to 'the stranger' (a peripheral, yet indispensable, character of the story) is brought to life through the enigmatic idiosyncrasies of the protagonist, his almost recalcitrant hospitality towards the stranger, and a delectable sense of humour that comes across as being cynically mature, yet quixotically infantile at the same time.
The stranger – who naturally comes to be emancipated from the stifling garb of feeling like an alien by the grace of Ivan's amicable nature and generosity – finds himself in the daunting situation of battling frostbite temperatures and acclimatizing himself to the entirely foreign mise en scène of rural Ukraine of the Eastern European regional mosaic. Nonetheless, each novel experience molds him in becoming a firsthand witness of the country's wonderfully grounded yet vibrant culture, as well as the charming exigencies of its people. It is in such a context that the stranger is regaled with the tales of the protagonist's past, occurrences of his present and expectations of his future – all interspersed poetically with remnants of ballads from a bygone carnelian era, and – in tribute to the very title of the book – the mellifluous melodies emanated from his most prized possession, the bayan.
And without a flicker of doubt, it is through the operation of the obdurate metal keys and reeds of this extensively used Russian accordion that Ivan is able to translate the most occluded yearnings of his heart into audible harmonies – harmonies that seem to coalesce effortlessly with the commonplace sounds of nature itself. Indeed, there would be worldwide consensus – stretching beyond the different cultures and belief systems of the planet's civilizations – on the fact that music in itself possesses the incomparably unique ability to act as an outlet for the voicing out of unspoken human emotions – reaching a depth that could not be explored through mere words but a melody.
It is safe to claim that the relationship between the grey-haired man and the sable musical instrument surmounts to a practically religious one, the former even going so far as to compose a hymn of praise for the object, for having encircled him in a melodious forcefield that had successfully protected him from the onslaught of a multitude of fears – especially those that accompanied the inevitable prospect of retirement. And of paramount importance is the fact that the reverential regard Ivan possesses for his bayan is a direct result of the solitary mortal urge for companionship – which is quite understandably, something that countless individuals have spent their lifetime laboring for since time immemorial. He utilizes the musical instrument as a means of battling the demons of his soul – a particularly menacing one being lost opportunities; specifically, the opportunity he had lost in his youth to forge a meaningful relationship with his first wife and their daughter – the apple of his eye – a little girl named Victoria. The story reveals that history seemed to cruelly repeat itself in the protagonist's life, as fate shouted for the blood of an encore: Ivan becomes estranged from the second woman he had ever loved, a dauntless woman by the name of Nadiia, disabled by the ravages of polio, and with whom he had begotten a child – another beloved daughter, Olga. Though offered the meagre solace of watching his second daughter grow from a distance, the concomitant heartache caused by the emotional loss of the latter and then the physical loss of the woman he continued to shed tears for, Ivan expresses his grief in the form of the dulcet tones of the bayan. The protagonist's action of playing upon the traditional instrument and subsequently forming an almost spiritual connection with the inanimate object, constitutes a coping mechanism of sorts, that, as opposed to the typical ones that only serve to inundate an individual into a stupor of lightheaded self-loathing and misery, veritably enables Ivan to find – and make – peace with the ghosts of his past and the uncertainties of an unforeseeable future.
Eagle-eyed readers would also be made cognizant of the realization that the formidable bond crystallized between musical instrument and man greatly assists in enabling the latter to wholeheartedly embrace the remaining time he has left on the earth's soil in childlike exuberance, which to the outsider's eye, occurs in a manner akin to lunacy: as evinced in the book, the prospect of an elderly man leaping dolphin-like into the inviting waters of the Vorskla river and quite abruptly inverting his entire body to stand on his hoary head elsewhere, would seem a ludicrously impossible one. Regardless, it is precisely that highly endearing devil-may-care attitude and the corollary indulgence in such incredible feats that boast of his surprising spryness in old age, that endow the protagonist with an awe-inspiringly optimistic outlook towards life and a fair amount of disregard for the opinions and judgement of others. This is not to insinuate that Ivan harbors any misanthropic inclinations or is preferentially predisposed to living a reclusive lifestyle; on the contrary, he is portrayed to be quite a jovial character in his interactions with others – capable of making the other villagers burst out into peals of laughter because of his humorous anecdotes whilst travelling in the little Russian minibuses called marshrutkas, and he is also observed to exude and extend a sense of welcoming warmth to the 'stranger', a warmth that is not so garishly apparent or tooth-decayingly spurious. In fact, Ivan is able to make the stranger's brief stay in his home a wonderfully comfortable experience (even in the backdrop of freezing temperatures) with hot, home-cooked meals and the deeply personal and euphonious sounds of his bayan. Thus, in a way that is beautifully explored by the author, the book demonstrates how an ostensibly bizarre intimacy between the protagonist and his (stringed?) instrument facilitates the former in his relationships with other people, and as well as with his own self – notably in the context of the loss of almost everyone close to his heart.
Furthermore, as descried by the astute remarks made by Ivan to the intrigued stranger, the author has painstakingly depicted how his silver-haired protagonist, in the cusp of his seven decades on the earth's often treacherous surface, has accepted life for the way it is – or concisely put, Ivan has gracefully come to terms with the good, the bad and the ugly of it all. And so, playing upon the titular musical instrument proves to be an extremely efficient method through which Ivan expresses to the world that he is blithely unafraid of a subject that cripples even the strongest knees and strangles the bravest of hearts: old age. The reason why he is able to embrace a stage of life that many do not deign to embrace could be found in one of the character's deepest convictions, one that rings true across the four poles of the earth: nothing in life stays the same and transformation is inevitable.
An avid acolyte of literature on psychosocial and socioeconomic global trends, as well as a keen observer of the dynamics of civilization throughout the ages, the author employs the book to offer the readers a perspective of transformation at the macro level of politics and economics, in the stark background of 20th century Ukraine and its attendant shedding of rivers of blood, sweat and tears in the brutal transition from communism to a laissez-faire economy. But it does not end there: the book delves deeper to the transformations that occur at the micro level, and the mercurial process of metamorphosis that unfolds at the standing of the individual – the most prominent one being the gradual, yet inescapable transition from youth to old age. However, Ivan's positive attitude towards life does not wither in the face of the imminent deterioration of his physical and mental faculties: in fact, he exhibits a respectful acceptance of it – irrespective of the costs attached to such a generally undesirable process.
Through the utilization of a number of frank life stories recounted to the stranger, the protagonist is shown to have forged through the vicissitudes of life in an almost enviably and gloriously tranquil manner, thus providing invaluable and timeless life lessons to the rest of us – within the confines of Ukraine and beyond – in an exquisitely humorous yet painfully poignant fashion. Nevertheless, it should not be cast aside from memory that, through his gracious acceptance of the impermanence of mortal life, Ivan looks to his faithful bayan as an object of permanence, one that disregards the failings of his physical self by adapting to them and continuing to emit revitalizing melodies – as indicated by the introductory quote of this review. In a fast-paced world that seemed impatient to listen to the thoughts of an insignificant old man, the bayan (an inanimate object supposedly incapable of understanding) provides a safe space for the cathartic expression of the man's innermost sentiments; a most empathetic confidante the protagonist finds solace in.
There seems to be ample evidence, through mere setting alone, to suggest that the book, from its very commencement to denouement, could have been written as a lengthy ode of sorts to nature: one that chants its praises to the natural wonders of the earth. This point is buttressed by the fact that the protagonist is presented to be a character who retains a deep admiration and appreciation for nature. It could also be no mere coincidence – or simply a haphazard arrangement of facts – that Ivan's acquiescence with the inevitable cycle of life arises from his aforementioned appreciation for nature, and the concomitant comprehension that is gained about the natural order of things when one does so. And once again, it is through the tune of a thousand spirited melodies from his trusty bayan that Ivan is able to build a 'bridge' between 'Mother Nature' and himself (p.149). In its unique way, the humble stringed instrument acts as the catalyst in the reaction of the merging of the spirits of man and nature.
Aside from the laudatory tone of Ivan's words and actions with regard to the enthralling beauty of nature, smattered across the conversations he has with the stranger are deeply disappointed remarks of how such aforesaid beauty only proves to be diminishing with every leap taken by man in his relentless quest for 'modernity'. Indeed, as the protagonist refers to the natural elements around him in the rural areas of Ukraine – where, in all candor, the detrimental effects of climate change are not so harshly observable – it is quite apparent that this book also functions as an incisive commentary on the rapidly deteriorating relationship of man with the natural world.
Ivan's own spiritual bond with nature and her rabble is one that has been meticulously honed over his lifetime and has evidently played an integral role in shaping the protagonist's starry-eyed perspective of a life that plunges even the most joyous souls into dark cynicism. As the book elucidates, the stranger is able to steal a glimpse of this seldom-seen, and extremely personal, relationship a human being is capable of forging with nature – widely regarded as simply an apathetic observer of human life. Of particular pertinence to the common man's gaze is the emotional proximity Ivan possesses with nature: this enables him to draw attention to one of the most pressing societal issues plaguing the 21st century – climate change.
Though not proffering the main focus of the story, the author's subtle direction of the readers' attention to critical societal issues is no fruitless attempt: aside from climate change, the character of Nadiia is utilized to shine a spotlight on the issue of the paucity of opportunities (at the economic strata and more) available to people with disabilities as well. Going beyond this however, is the fact that the thoughts of the protagonist are employed to highlight a rather disabling and detrimental shortcoming that countless individuals are guilty of indulging in: pessimism. At one point for instance, Ivan is observed by the stranger to be sorrowfully lost in thought about a woman he had met by the banks of the river Vorskla, whose arrival had drastically altered the course of his youthful life – Nadiia's. The main character looks back on her tragic demise as a deadly flower that had been borne out of the seeds of negativity and despair, and offers sagacious advice for every living human being in the process: Ivan takes pains to warn the stranger how life, though miserly in its allotment of joy and immensely generous in the meting out of sorrow, is to be faced with an intrepid optimism. One could be tempted to think that the protagonist's idealism exceeds its acceptable limits – especially when the pitiful lot doled out to Nadiia by fate is taken into consideration. However, there is great foresight in his stance: just as he is able to calmly accept the frailties of the corporeal being, so is he is similarly capable of embracing, in a manner akin to the biblical parable of the merciful father with the prodigal son, the disappointments hurled at him by life – hence enabling him to preserve his psychological being in the process. Moreover, he is rather inexorable in this stand because he is in possession of yet another pearl of wisdom: life – regardless of the calamities it is fraught with – is in itself precious, and should therefore not be squandered by adopting debilitating attitudes like negativity.
Through the instrumentalization of this positive mindset and the application of the other priceless lessons learnt from his own experiences, Ivan's lifeline blends effortlessly into the wider cycle of life, its sequential procedure reactivating after his own demise as the decades pass by – this time in the life of his daughter, Olga, her dark tresses bleached to silver with age. In the blindingly white backdrop of a frigid Ukrainian winter, the revivification of the cycle is heralded by – to no particular consternation – the hauntingly euphonious melody of a well-used bayan, a remnant of a man's life well lived.
Couched in romantic language and a plethora of humorous observations that appease the deepest recesses of one's soul, the novel 'Bayan' extends its reach to a readership that is not solely confined to one age group, but many. Thus, if a refreshingly candid depiction of life and its exigencies (embellished with a tasteful sprinkling of reverence for nature and its wonders) piques one's interest, he or she only has to remove this volume from the shelf and delve into a world that one would not be able to extricate oneself from till its very end – and laugh and cry along the way. 'Bayan' boasts of myriad strengths, its only shortcoming being – in all honesty – its brevity.
-Sakshi Selvanathan-
Pramudith D Rupasinghe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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T&B Media Global joins MQDC'S new brand ambassador announcement to support talented and compassionate new generation
T&B Media Global attended the press conference announcing Whizdom Society's new brand ambassador at 101 True Digital Park. Under the concept of "For All Well-being," Whizdom by MQDC welcomes Naphat Siangsomboon (Nine) as the latest brand ambassador. Nine is a representative of the new generation, who is both talented and passionate about contributing to the society.
The key mission of the event was to promote young talented people whom embody good heartedness and exhibit attentiveness in promoting good values to the society. Likewise, T&B Media Global shares in these same values, as we aspire to provide opportunities to talented storytellers and creators from around the globe by supporting and investing in their projects.
T&B Media Global, helmed by Thailand's very own storyteller, Dr. Jwanwat Ahriyavraromp, finances and manages the finest, most innovative content from around the globe. With a deep and integrated network within China and Thailand, T&B seeks to unite the world through entertainment, by investing and nurturing a culture of creativity in talented storytellers across the globe. T&B aspires to be a key player in generating happiness to the world, while also being able to support globally social development programs that benefit the environment, children and humanity at large.
MQDC: Magnolia Quality Development Corporation is the organization that invests and develops real estate projects on an international level to build growth of joint venture project and development of international real estate projects with domestic and international partners and investors. Under its mission to improve the quality of living for all, MQDC invests in research and development to create products and innovations for consumers as well as ecosystems that support environment-friendly living and add value to surrounding communities.
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WATCH: How the Trauma of Gun Violence Impacts Early Academic Development
Originally Published December 12, 2022 11:45 am EST
Affordable Child Care
FILE - Children from a nearby daycare are escorted in Marcus Garvey Park in the Harlem neighborhood of New York Wednesday, Aug. 1, 2007. Some states have moved ahead with plans of their own to boost child care subsidies after a national effort by Democrats in Washington stalled. New York lawmakers passed a state budget in the spring that calls for it to spend $7 billion making child care more affordable over the next four years. (AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews, File)
During her years as an early childhood educator, Lindsey Ramsey saw firsthand how important childcare facilities are to the development of young minds, and how the worries and experiences of trauma impacted academic development among young children.
"One day as we took the class for a nature walk, we passed a group of row homes, and a little girl immediately pointed out her house," Ramsey, Assistant Director of Policy and Practice for Trying Together, said during a recent hearing on early childhood education and its effects on childhood literacy. "She told us this was where she lived, along with telling us that she had to sleep in a bathtub sometimes. I was very puzzled as to why she would say that. So when we made our way back to the facility, I asked one of my colleagues what she meant by sleeping in a bathtub. And I was told that sleeping in a bathtub was a form of protection while avoiding gunfire, and that gun violence occurred often in their community."
You can watch Ramsey speak about the need for childcare facilities to serve as safe havens for children and help to cultivate critical developmental skills here.
gun safetygun violencePhiladelphia
Elections Josh Shapiro Sworn in as Governor, Promising Progress on Key Issues


Obama: Islam Has Shaped the U.S.A. But How??
Obama: Islam Has Shaped the U.S.A.
Undeniably the Islamic faith has done a great deal to shape the world – a statement that makes no value judgment about exactly how it has shaped the world. It has formed the dominant culture in what is known as the Islamic world for centuries. But what on earth could Obama mean when he says that Islam has also "done so much" to shape his own country?
Unless he considers himself an Indonesian, Obama's statement was extraordinarily strange. After all, how has the Islamic faith shaped the United States? Were there Muslims along Paul Revere's ride, or standing next to Patrick Henry when he proclaimed, "Give me liberty or give me death"? Were there Muslims among the framers or signers of the Declaration of Independence, which states that all men – not just Muslims, as Islamic law would have it – are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness? Were there Muslims among those who drafted the Constitution and vigorously debated its provisions, or among those who enumerated the Bill of Rights, which guarantees – again in contradiction to the tenets of Islamic law – that there should be no established national religion, and that the freedom of speech should not be infringed?
Did Muslims play a role in the great struggle over slavery that defined so much of our contemporary understandings of the nature of this republic and of the rights of the individual within it? They did not. Did the Islamic faith shape the way the United States responded to the titanic challenges of the two World Wars, the Great Depression, or the Cold War? It did not. Did the Islamic faith, with its legal apparatus that institutionalizes discrimination against non-Muslims, shape the civil rights movement in the United States? The Civil Rights Act of 1964 mandated equality of access to public facilities – a hard-won victory that came at a great cost, and one that Muslim groups have tried to roll back in the United States recently. One notable example of such attempts was the alcohol-in-cabs controversy at the Minneapolis-St. Paul international airport, when Muslim cabdrivers began to refuse service to customers who were carrying alcohol, on Islamic religious grounds. The core assumption underlying this initiative – that discrimination on the basis of religion is justified – cut right to the heart of the core principle of the American polity, that "all men are created equal," that is, that they have a right to equal treatment in law and society.
Surveying the whole tapestry of American history, one would be hard-pressed to find any significant way in which the Islamic faith has shaped the United States in terms of its governing principles and the nature of American society. Meanwhile, there are numerous ways in which, if there had been a significant Muslim presence in the country at the time, some of the most cherished and important principles of American society and law may have met fierce resistance, and may never have seen the light of day.
So in what way has the Islamic faith shaped Obama's country? The most significant event connected to the Islamic faith that has shaped the character of the United States was the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. Those attacks have shaped the nation in numerous ways: they've led to numerous innovations in airline security, which in generations to come – if today's politically correct climate continues to befog minds — may be added to future versions of the fanciful "1001 Muslim Inventions" exhibition. The Islamic faith has shaped the U.S. since 9/11 in leading to the spending of billions on anti-terror measures, and to the ventures in Iraq and Afghanistan, and to Guantanamo, and to so many features of the modern political and social landscape that they cannot be enumerated within the space of a single article.
Of course, it is certain that Obama had none of that in mind. But what could he possibly have had in mind? His statement was either careless or ignorant, or both – not qualities we need in a Commander-in-Chief even in the best of times.


Canadian Solar Inc. (the "Company", or "Canadian Solar"), one of the world's largest solar power companies, announced that it started commercial operation of 52.5 MWp of solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants in Japan in the first half of 2017. The 52.5 MWp of plants include the 47.7 MWp Mashiki plant, the 2.4 MWp Yamagata Asahimachi plant, the 1.3 MWp Shizuoka Tashiro plant and the 1.1 MWp Saitama Shiroishi plant.
The Mashiki plant achieved commercial operation in June 2017. Powered by Canadian Solar's high-efficiency MaxPowermodules, the plant is expected to generate approximately 57,000 MWh of clean, solar electricity per year, which will be purchased by Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc. under a 20-year feed-in-tariff contract at the rate of JPY36.0 ($0.32) per kWh.
The Yamagata Asahimachi, Shizuoka Tashiro and Saitama Shiroishi plants were connected to the grid in March 2017. Powered by Canadian Solar's high-efficiency MaxPower modules, these plants are expected to generate around 5,429 MWh of clean, solar electricity per year, which will be purchased under a 20-year feed-in-tariff contract at the rate of JPY32.0 ($0.28), JPY36.0 ($0.32) and JPY27.0 ($0.24) per kWh respectively.
"We are pleased to have energized the 52.5 MWp of solar power plants in Japan. The 47.7 MWp Mashiki plant is the largest solar power plant that we have built there, which brings our total portfolio of projects in operation in Japan to 112.7 MWp," commented Dr. Shawn Qu, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Canadian Solar Inc., "This is a milestone as we continue to make progress in developing and delivering our high-value solar project pipeline in this important market."


Be part of the creation of a new world premiere production and support a costume from sketch to stage.
Opera costumes are made to last for up to 10 years and your donation will ensure the legacy of a new opera work for Australia. Roger Kirk has designed over 40 new costumes for West Australian Opera's Macbeth and your support will directly assist us to make this production.
To thank you for your support, your name will be sewn into your costume and you will be invited to an exclusive donor event during rehearsals to be the first to see your costume on the stage!


But every second car has someone on the phone.
Many cars have SIM cards and are always connected on those same frequencies.
Reminds me of the UK fear of men in vans with detecting equipment searching for people watching TV who haven't paid their licence fee.
Does UK still have TV taxes/ fees?
We have taxis, buses, trams and trains.
The UK is home to taxation.
The only category missing is the 'not paying tax, tax'.
The full story makes fun reading.
It only indicates a phone is in use in the car. Not which phone.
It only flashes a roadside warning sign.
It will not lead to prosecutions.
Systems that can detect and photograph mobile using drivers are currently being developed/tested. The flashing signs are only an interim step.
Frankly anything that can deter the arrogant disregard for road safety has got to be a good thing.
I live in hope that the cameras will also be able to see mobile using truckers too.
55russamg, Avel Du and Mike Florey like this.
I don't even like hands free, personally.
And yet, makers are falling over themselves to put an ipad in front of the driver.
HUWhitaker, 55russamg, Windinmyhair and 1 others like this.
Agree. Even using the cell through the BT. sound system I find that my concentration leaves the road to a certain degree.
With those displays getting ever bigger, it's going to be an even bigger issue more so than it is now.
Windinmyhair and Mike Florey like this.
I've followed drivers randomly accelerating and slowing, weaving from the shoulder to the center line in a very good imitation of a drunk driver. Getting as close as I dared, I could see a hand held up to one side of the driver's head.
You can almost understand road rage.
Berliner Heckflosse, Avel Du and Windinmyhair like this.
You all need to install an air horn in your SLK. Nothing better watching them distracted drivers playing with there handy on there lap sneak up next to them and blow them off the road.
55russamg, Avel Du, Windinmyhair and 1 others like this.
Wonder who's truck horn busted that car windshield.
Totally agree Mike. Witnessed exactly that yesterday on the M40. Young guy in a BMW 1 series weaving in and out of traffic, overtaking and undertaking at 70+mph, drifting side to side between the white lines, all whilst repeatedly looking down at the phone on his lap.
Additionally a mother with three children in the car doing the same in stop start traffic.
Avel Du and Mike Florey like this.
AND I've looked into those but the tank needed (for a good loud one) would take up more space in the trunk than I'm willing to give up. And a good one is a challenge to try to fit upfront.
Anything less than air is useless.
Berliner Heckflosse, 55russamg and Avel Du like this.
You have a speaker system.
The sound of breaking tine and glass wakes folk more than police sirens.
I think many of us agree with mobile phone users that do not use hands free are [self moderated].
But what the... TEXTERS! Whilst driving? Really.
Any following incident should be manslaughter at a minimum.
55russamg and Mike Florey like this.
When a yout I could disrupt all the neighbors TVs with a Model T magneto and a double yagi….
Frankly think people fiddling with or trying to read a GPS is a lot worse.
I think I see your thinking, but think what these numpties are like.
They already fiddle with the phone.
If that phone lost signal my bet is they would fiddle even more desperately.
would take up more space in the trunk than I'm willing to give up.
Berliner Heckflosse and Avel Du like this.
Club Member had a train horn in his car. Had to rev near reline or the engine would stall as the alternator tried to cope. (Diesels have electric horns).
The BBC mafia still manage to extract money for their lousy three channels despite there now being hundreds of alternatives! And it's a scandal that they still call it a TV licence anyway.
Everyone, stop paying now. Summer is on its way, we don't need Television.


Across the country, Unitarian Universalists (UUs) are mobilizing to defend democracy by stopping voter suppression, advocating for voting rights, and engaging in voter registration and Get Out the Vote efforts. In Fall 2014, Standing on the Side of Love partnered with a number of organizations and people in support of our ongoing and ongoing Voting Rights work. See some of our resources below!
On Thursday, Sept. 11, 2014, Susan Leslie, UUA Congregational Advocacy & Witness Director, Jennifer Toth, Standing on the Side of Love Campaign Manager, and Annette Marquis, UUA LGBTQ and Multicultural Programs Director, discussed the state of the movement, how we can each plug in and connect our efforts, and what's on the horizon as we enter mid-term election season.
Download the video of the webinar or stream the video of the webinar.
Download a PDF (29 pages) of the slideshow presentation from the webinar.
In 2012, we launched the first ever Voting on the Side of Love Video contest. Click here to check out the beautiful, creative and heartfelt submissions we received. And check out the great winning submission from Elliot Cennamo, a professional filmmaker and member of the First Unitarian Universalist Church of Columbus.
1. Tips to Get on the Bus! Many of us got to hear Sr. Simone at the 2014 General Assembly. If you missed her talk, you can watch it here; it's truly phenomenal!) (Note her talk begins at the 4 minute mark). Sr. Simone and her sisters went on their third cross country bus trip to raise awareness about in the importance of voting and all of our justice issues in November 2014. They created lots of great resources that are still relevant, Check them out here.
2. Follow the work of The Living Legacy Project. The Living Legacy Pilgrimage is an experiential, spiritual journey through Alabama and Mississippi to visit the sites and meet the people who changed the world through the Civil Rights Movement, and specifically, the Voting Rights Movement of the 1950 and '60s. It's an unforgettable experience. Don't miss out!
4. Get engaged with voting rights efforts and voter registration, as an individual or as a congregation, in partnership with local and/or national organizations. For resources, visit the ACLU, Black & Brown People Vote, NAACP, and VRAforToday.
5. Find out if there is a movement similar to Moral Mondays in your state. South Carolina, Georgia, New York, and Florida have all launched similar campaigns in recent months. Will your state be next? Learn more and share stories from the Forward Together Movement. Consider using the video "Moral Monday: The Next Steps" by Rev. Dr. William Barber, II, and Bill Moyer's program on the Moral Mondays movement.
6. Learn more about Voting Rights Restoration in your community. Check out the Brennan Center for Justice and the national Ban the Box Campaign to end workplace discrimination.
On June 25, 2013, the Supreme Court effectively struck down the heart of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 by a 5-to-4 vote, freeing nine states, mostly in the South, to change their election laws without advance federal approval.
This was a huge blow to democracy. Although we have made significant gains in voting rights, discrimination at the polls cannot be dismissed as a relic of the past. People of color, students, people with disabilities, poor people, immigrants, people with felony convictions, transgender people, people who are homeless, and many others face significant obstacles today in registering to vote and casting ballots.
As we've seen over the last few years in states across the country, efforts to suppress the vote continue and, although the tactics have changed, the goal of disfranchisement remains the same. Now is the time to mobilize to defend the freedom to vote.
We have passed numerous resolutions on voting rights.
Unitarians, including Susan B. Anthony, were leaders of the suffrage movement that won the right to vote for women.
UUs were deeply engaged in the civil rights movement that included winning passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965, and UUs Viola Liuzzo and Rev. James Reeb were killed in 1965 while working for voters' rights in Alabama. Check out this video highlighting civil rights activist Rev. Clark Olsen, a survivor of the attack, commemorating the work of Rev. James Reeb.
UUs launched the interfaith Faithful Democracy campaign in 2002 that registered hundreds of thousands of new voters across the country, working with community partners such NAACP, ACORN, and others. UUs also participated in poll watching and monitoring and traveled to areas where voter suppression was occurring.
For more information on UUA resources about Voting Rights click here.


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This three phase development is situated adjacent to the existing St Peter's Campus. The four storey buildings (reducing to two storeys on the northern face due to the sloping nature of the site) have been designed as a linear development along the natural contours of this imposing site on the banks of the river Wear.
Working with the natural geography and historical context, the building and infrastructure accommodates all the functional expectations demanded from starter tenants, within a business environment.
The units are accessed from a new car parking area on the north side of the development via a central feature entrance core which includes meeting rooms at ground and first floor levels and a roof terrace above.
The facility, designed to retain academics within the ICT sector, encourages the establishment of businesses to meet future growth demands in this field.


Work has started on the LARPBooks new open source LARP rule book. At this stage progress is minimal but this will improve as time goes on.
The aim is keep each section short and simple so that they can be easily adapted to different games, genres and maybe styles of play.
If you want to get involved contact the LARPBook Group on Facebook.


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Urumqi goes on lockdown over spike in coronavirus cases
Urumqi has cut public transportation services and applied community management to curb the spread of the virus
The capital of the Xinjiang region has become the latest Chinese city to go into lockdown following a new coronavirus outbreak.
Urumqi reported 16 new Covid-19 infections on Sunday, bringing the total number of cases confirmed since last Wednesday in the region up to 47. This spike comes after Xinjiang had not reported a single new case in nearly five months.
Residents undergo testing for the coronavirus on July 19 in Urumqi
In response to this new threat, authorities have declared that Urumqi has gone into "wartime" mode with all public gatherings banned and residents strongly encouraged to remain in the city. Those attempting to venture out must first pass a nucleic acid test. Almost all flights out of the city have been canceled.
Shopping malls and hotels have all been shut down and residents will have to mostly remain inside their housing communities while their daily necessities are delivered.
Meanwhile, officials have started rolling out citywide testing, beginning with those communities that have been identified as being "high risk" for contracting the virus.
A woman receives a Covid-19 nucleic acid test at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
The model is the roughly same as the one followed last month by Beijing after China's capital city had its own coronavirus outbreak. In the following weeks, Beijing tested around 11 million residents for Covid-19.
There are worries that the coronavirus has already begun to spread outside of Urumqi to other cities in Xinjiang with Kashgar also reporting a confirmed case on Sunday.


Store your dog's favorite snacks in the fun Paws and Bones Treat Jar. Finished in glossy white with black paw print stamps and a bone-shaped lid handle, this jar is eye-catching and cute. Holds three cups of treats.
The Harmony Elevated Dog Bowl Double Diner allows your pup to maintain a better posture while eating or drinking. It includes a wooden diner platform and 2 dishwasher-safe stainless steel bowls.
The SureFeed Sealed Pet Bowl is a daily use feeder designed to keep wet food fresh, reduce odours and keep flies off the food. It opens when a pet approaches and is suitable for cats and small dogs.


Bowles (2013) states, "Any time people gather together there is an opportunity for a limited few to misuse the space and take advantage of others. Social networking online, much like physical interaction in the real world, also has this potential" (para. 13). He goes on to explain that in days past one could graffiti a bathroom stall with unfavorable comments about a person and a limited number of people would see it. In this day and age, that same information could be placed on a social networking site and instantly have hundreds of viewers. It has become such an issue that this behavior has been deemed "cyberbullying" (para. 14). It affects an exorbitant amount of adolescents and has detrimental effects that can be very difficult to overcome, causing depression and social disorders. There have been commercials, songs, websites, television shows, and articles addressing this growing issue. While social networking has many wonderful uses and can be a very enjoyable source of entertainment, its easy accessibility and open forum for opinions can lead to some unwanted activity as well.
Parks and Calamaro (2013) explore social networking sites, adolescents and young adults, and the health research that is done on both. They use the number one American used site, Facebook, along with the most popular sites in Latin America and the UK. Through their research, they disclose that the majority of the people utilizing social networking sites on a daily basis are adolescents and young adults. They reveal that both mental and physical health can and is being watched and recorded, yet minimally, by research companies based on pictures, status updates, and messages. They feel that social networking sites are underutilized for this research. It has begun, but so much more can be done. In their opinion, one can use social networking sites as a cost effective way to reach and create educational interventions for adolescents and young adults (Parks, Calamaro, 2013, pg. 3).
Other assignments on Is Social Networking Taking Over?


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Ebuka: What To Expect On Big Brother Titans
What to expect on Big Brother Titans (Season 1)
Back on the Big Brother stage is Nigeria's popular presenter Ebuka Obi-Uchendu who will co-host Big Brother Titans reality tv show with multi-awarding winning South African actor and tv presenter – Lawrence Malek.
Big Brother Titans Season 1 reality show will premiere on 15 January 2023 and will feature contestants from both Nigeria and South Africa housemates as they compete for the grand prize of $100,000.
Watch as he gives insights about how to play the game in the house, how to be a dynamic team player, and most importantly survive till the last day.
You should expect the nominations, eviction shows, Head of House Challenges, tasks with a twist, Saturday night parties, and Friday night games. Don't miss all the action and drama as the show kicks off on 15 January at 20:00 CAT, and 19:00 WAT.


Any musclebound celebrity needs to get in touch with his feminine side once in a while. And in this case, the feminine side channels new talents.
Terry Crews is the actor and former football player we all know and love from Old Spice commercials, and numerous other acting roles. He's played mean dudes, like in the Friday movies. He's played hard-working fathers, like in Everybody Hates Chris. And he's taken some risks in his commercial work. But here he goes all out lip syncing a female pop star.
Here he channels Vanessa Carlton in a way only a bodybuilder knows how, and turns her hit A Thousand Miles upside down. I wonder if this will spark more sales for that 2002 hit song.
Mike Tyson is even more out of character. The former heavyweight boxing champion has been touring with his one man show, and he's been playing himself as a cartoon character on TV. He's known for being the ultimate tough guy in the ring, and being a little crazy inside and outside the ring. Whenever I see him on TV I get the sense the show host is walking on eggshells.
But not to fear. Now I've seen it all. Mike Tyson in leather stretch pants is the most awkward fashion statement of all time. Maybe this will soften up his image a bit. But I just hope it doesn't spark a new style of tight leather stretch pants for men.
This Shark Could Swallow You Whole!


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When cells reach out and touch
MicroRNAs are single-stranded snippets that, not long ago, were given short shrift as genetic junk. Now that studies have shown they regulate genes involved in normal functioning as well as diseases such as cancer, everyone wants to know: What regulates microRNAs?
Scientists at Johns Hopkins were surprised to find an elegantly simple answer: touch. In a new study, published online April 9 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers discovered that cell-to-cell contact revs up the manufacture of these small but mighty molecules.
"This study documents one of the very few clear examples of a stimulus that directly influences the global efficiency of microRNA production," says Josh Mendell, M.D., Ph.D., an assistant professor in the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. "No one anticipated, including us, that the production of microRNAs is linked to how densely cells are packed together."
In what Mendell describes as an "accidental discovery," the team was studying contact inhibition: a phenomenon in which non-cancerous cells growing in a dish stop multiplying when they touch each other. Cancer cells, on the other hand, lose contact inhibition and continue to proliferate even when they're touching. The researchers suspected that microRNAs might play a role in contact inhibition because whenever they studied these enigmatic bits — only about 20 or so genetic building blocks comprise a microRNA — they always saw more in the tissues of animals, where cells are packed together, relative to the amount they found in isolated cells growing in culture.
To investigate, the team grew cancer cells and non-cancer cells to increasing densities in culture and, using a tool developed in the Mendell laboratory, measured the abundance of hundreds of microRNAs simultaneously. This analysis revealed that the more densely the cells were packed together, the more microRNA was produced in each cell.
The scientists then examined microRNA production in five additional commonly studied human and mouse cell lines, including human breast cancer cells, human colorectal cancer cells and human pancreatic cancer cells. They also tested fruit fly cells to determine whether or not the phenomenon is restricted to mammals.
In all tested cell lines, including the fruit fly cells, scientists observed a dramatic increase in microRNA abundance with increasing cell density.
"All evidence points to the fact that physical contact — when cells actually touch each other — is the critical factor that revs up the production of microRNAs," Mendell says. "Through additional experiments, we were able to identify the specific molecular steps at which microRNA production is affected. We expect that this phenomenon will profoundly influence how cells behave in normal development and disease."
The team's finding has practical importance for researchers who are investigating a range of biological processes that are most conveniently studied in cells growing in culture, Mendell says: "Little did we know the manufacture of microRNAs was so potently influenced simply by growing cells to different densities. We now recognize that this is a critical parameter that must be closely monitored when performing experiments with microRNAs in tissue culture."
A better understanding of how microRNA production is regulated is important because a reduction in the abundance of these molecules has been linked to the development of certain cancers. To date, one barrier to understanding how microRNAs are regulated in normal development and in disease states has been the lack of a simple system by which scientists could turn on and off a molecular pathway that controls microRNA production. Now, it seems, they may be able to toggle that pathway using cell-to-cell contact.
"If we can identify the mechanisms through which microRNA production is regulated in normal settings, such as under conditions of extensive cell-cell contact, we can then ask whether the same mechanisms block microRNA manufacture in diseases such as cancer," Mendell says. "This might allow the development of small molecules or other methods to turn microRNA production back on for therapeutic benefit."
ISU researcher identifies key function in protein, cell transcription
Obstetrical unit at Yale-New Haven Hospital achieves dramatic improvement in patient safety
Global carbon dioxide emissions have seen meteoric rise since 1751


Many of our readers are looking forward to the upcoming Memorial Day holiday weekend. Most of us are thinking of spending time at a backyard barbeque or taking advantage of a sale at a department store. Memorial Day also has a more somber connotation, thanking our military for the ultimate sacrifice that they have made for our country. As attorneys, we wish to bring to your attention particular legal matters with which we can assist should your loved one make such a sacrifice for our country.
We think of our military as young and not wealthy as yet. Saving estate taxes is not the concern of this population. However, estate and financial planning is still needed due to the inherent danger in their profession and their age. For instance, an accident could result in permanent disability or death. The service member may get married. These changes could have significant consequences if the proper legal documents are not drafted by a skilled professional.
In the absence of a Will , the service member would be deemed to die intestate and an Administration proceeding would be required to manage the person's assets and liabilities. Concerns with the disposition of personal property need to be addressed, preferably in a Will.
Real estate is a common asset owned by military families. These families by their nature move quite a bit and may even own property in more than one state or country. In order to avoid probate in more than one location, it may be prudent to transfer the property to a trust. Renting an apartment may lead to other requirements in order to dispose of the housing.
As to non-real estate assets, confirming that beneficiary designations are accurate and having a Will drafted are crucial tasks to undertake. Beneficiary designations on retirement accounts and insurance policies generally take precedence over wishes expressed in a Will. The service member should make sure that his spouse, rather than his parents or his friend, is listed as a beneficiary. Provisions should be made so that a surviving spouse is able to readily access benefits and dispositions. Also, assets should be left to an age appropriate person, so that minor children do not inherit outright. In such a case, it is prudent to name a trustee in the Will to manage the minor child's assets until the desired age.
We give our thanks to our military on this Memorial Day weekend. We are available to consult with you relative to the matters discussed in this post.


We are here to ease your burden and help you in any way we can.
We explain some of the feelings you may have and suggest ways of dealing with them.
Thank you for visiting our website. If you have reached this site during a time of loss or sorrow, please accept our heartfelt condolences. Simple Wishes of the North is very proud to be part of the Greater Sudbury community and our Funeral Director has the ability to serve our families in both French and English in our comfortable setting. Although we are licensed under the Board of Funeral Services as an actual funeral home (Class 1), our focus is to provide simple services such as direct cremations or direct burials. Unlike a licensed transfer service where your options are very limited, Simple Wishes will have the opportunity to legally offer the community a few additional services. These services include but are not limited to our assistance at a memorial service (church, community hall or other venue) or at a local cemetery for a graveside committal service. These services will be available while still keeping in mind affordability. Since we do not hold public visitations or memorial services at our current location, you will have our full attention when we greet you at our door.
We offer both At-Need and Pre-Planning services, to help guide you into carrying out your loved one's wishes or plan for your own future.
We offer a wide selection of affordably priced urns, caskets and burial vaults. We carry a limited stock, but special orders can be arranged.
Here you will find recent and past obituaries with the option of sending flowers or leaving a condolence message for the loved one's family.
Let us help comfort you in this time of sorrow. Visit our Grief Support page for information on handling your grief and contact information for our grief counsellor, or the FAQs or Tips & Advice page for more information on what to do during this difficult time.
We explain some of the feelings you may have and suggest ways of dealing with them, as well as provide you with the information to get in contact with our Grief Counsellor.
Find information on funeral etiquette, and what to do following the passing of a loved one.
Find the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions, including those related to expenses and responsibilities.
We strive to offer you the best care during this difficult time, in a comfortable setting, while also being affordable.
If you would like to speak with us, please contact us via email or call us directly.
Read from some of the most recent obituaries below. Click on the name to read the full obituary with the option of sending flowers or leaving a condolence message for the loved one's family. Please be advised that not all families choose to have their loved one's final arrangements published in newspapers or on this site. We, at Simple Wishes, respect their privacy.
Read the most recent news stories about Simple Wishes below, including our charitable donations and additions to our staff and location services. See all of our news stories here.


Sky Sports News reporter Russ Taylor reports on the latest from Oakwell as police investigate an alleged assault by Joey Barton on Barnsley manager Daniel Stendel.
An Oklahoma man with a lengthy criminal history is accused of exploiting his elderly neighbor out of $139,000 over the course of just one year.
¿Buscando viajes y no tienes ni idea de cuál será tu próximo destino? Pues echa un ojo a Port Barton, en Filipinas. Nosotros ya estamos haciendo las maletas para ir a este maravilloso emplazamiento..
Disney's Streaming Service Working on 'Hawkeye' Miniseries The show on Disney+ would star Jeremy Renner, who plays the archer on the big screen. The storyline is the same as a series of recent..