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The Imitation Game – Wikipedia
2014 film by Morten Tyldum
The Imitation Game is a 2014 american historical drama film directed by Morten Tyldum and written by Graham Moore, based on the 1983 biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges. The film 's claim quotes the name of the game cryptanalyst Alan Turing proposed for answering the interrogate " can machines think ? ", in his 1950 germinal paper " calculate machinery and Intelligence ". The film stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Turing, who decrypted german news messages for the british politics during World War II. Keira Knightley, Matthew Goode, Rory Kinnear, Charles Dance, and Mark Strong appear in supporting roles. The Imitation Game was released theatrically in the United States on November 28, 2014. The film grossed over $ 233 million global on a $ 14 million production budget, making it the highest-grossing independent film of 2014. It received eight nominations at the 87th Academy Awards, winning for Best Adapted Screenplay, five nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, and three nominations at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards. It besides received nine BAFTA nominations, and won the People 's Choice Award at the 39th Toronto International Film Festival.
Reading: The Imitation Game – Wikipedia
The film was criticized by some for its inaccurate depiction of historical events, and for downplaying Turing 's homosexuality. however, the LGBT civil rights advocacy organization the Human Rights Campaign honored it for bringing Turing 's bequest to a broad audience with its elusive and realistic border on .
plot [edit ]
In 1951, two policemen, Nock and Staehl, investigate the mathematician Alan Turing after an apparent housebreaking at his home. During his interrogation by Nock, Turing tells of his fourth dimension working at Bletchley Park during the second World War. In 1928, the unseasoned Turing is infelicitous and bullied at boarding school. He develops a friendship with Christopher Morcom, who sparks his matter to in cryptography. Turing grow romantic feelings for him, but Christopher soon dies from tuberculosis. When Britain declares war on Germany in 1939, Turing travels to Bletchley Park. Under the steering of Commander Alastair Denniston, he joins the cryptanalysis team of Hugh Alexander, John Cairncross, Peter Hilton, Keith Furman, and Charles Richards. The team are trying to analyze the Enigma machine, which the Nazis use to send code messages. turing is difficult to work with, and considers his colleagues inferior ; he works alone to design a machine to decipher Enigma messages. After Denniston refuses to fund the construction of the car, Turing writes to Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who puts Turing in charge of the team and funds the car. Turing fires Furman and Richards and places a difficult crossword puzzle in newspapers to find replacements. Joan Clarke, a Cambridge alumnus, passes Turing 's test but her parents will not allow her to work with the male cryptographers. Turing arranges for her to live and work with the female clerks who intercept the messages and shares his plans with her. With Clarke 's help, Turing warms to the other colleagues, who begin to respect him. Turing 's machine, which he names Christopher, is constructed, but can not determine the Enigma encoding settings promptly enough ; the Germans reset them each sidereal day. Denniston orders it to be destroyed and Turing fired, but the other cryptographers threaten to leave if Turing goes. After Clarke plans to leave on the wishes of her parents, Turing proposes marriage, which she accepts. During their reception, Turing confirms his homosexuality to Cairncross, who warns him to keep it mystery. After overhearing a conversation with a female salesclerk about messages she receives from the lapp German programmer, Turing has an epiphany, realising he can program the machine to decode words he already knows exist in certain messages. One german programmer always opens his inaugural message with a standard plaintext german script. That reveals adequate of the day 's Enigma code that Christopher can cursorily decode all the day 's messages. After he recalibrates the machine, it quickly decodes a message and the cryptographers celebrate. They learn a convoy is about to be attacked, but Turing realises they if they suddenly reroute the convoy and attack the submarine the Germans will realize Enigma is compromised and change the machinery. Therefore the team at Bletchley Park can not act on every decode message. Turing creates a statistical model to indicate which warnings to send to maximize destruction and minimize discovery. Turing discovers that Cairncross is a soviet spy. When Turing confronts him, Cairncross argues that the Soviets are allies working for the lapp goals, and threatens to retaliate by disclosing Turing 's sex. When the lead MI6 agent Stewart Menzies appears to threaten Clarke, Turing reveals that Cairncross is a spy. Menzies reveals he knew this already and planted the messages Cairncross leaks to the Soviets for british benefit. Fearing for her condom, Turing tells Clarke to leave Bletchley Park, revealing that he is a homosexual. Clarke states she always suspected but insists they would have been happy in concert anyhow. Turing then tells her he never cared for her, and only used her for her cryptography skills. Heartbroken, she decides to stay anyhow, deeming this the single most important job she 'll undertake, and she now refuses to cow to what Turing or her parents want her to do, or remember of her decisions. After the war, Menzies tells the cryptographers to destroy their bring, because MI6 wants governments to think they had unbreakable code machines. He tells the team that they should never see one another again or share what they have done. In 1952, Turing is convicted of gross indecency and, in stead of a jail prison term, undergo chemical castration so he can continue his work. Clarke visits him in his home and witnesses his physical and mental deterioration. She comforts him by saying that his work saved millions of lives. The epilogue reveals that after a year of government-mandated hormonal therapy, Turing committed suicide on June 7, 1954. In 2013, Queen Elizabeth II granted Turing a posthumous Royal Pardon, honouring his function which would finally go on to create the advanced computer .
cast [edit ]
production [edit ]
Before Cumberbatch joined the project, Warner Bros. bought the screenplay for a reported seven-figure sum because of Leonardo DiCaprio 's sake in playing Turing. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] In the end, DiCaprio did not come on display panel and the rights of the handwriting reverted to the screenwriter. Black Bear Pictures subsequently committed to finance the movie for $ 14 million. [ 4 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] versatile directors were attached during development including Ron Howard and David Yates. [ 13 ] In December 2012, it was announced that Headhunters director Morten Tyldum would helm the project, making the film his English-language directorial debut. [ 14 ] [ 15 ]
Principal photography began on September 15, 2013 in Britain. Filming locations included Turing 's former school, Sherborne, Bletchley Park, where Turing and his colleagues worked during the war, and Central Saint Martins campus on Southampton Row in London. [ 16 ] other locations included towns in England such as Nettlebed ( Joyce Grove in Oxfordshire ) and Chesham ( Buckinghamshire ). Scenes were besides filmed at Bicester Airfield and outside the Law Society build in Chancery Lane, and at West London Film Studios. Principal photography finished on November 11, 2013. [ 17 ] The bombe seen in the film is based on a replica of Turing 's original machine, which is housed in the museum at Bletchley Park. however, production graphic designer Maria Djurkovic admitted that her team made the machine more cinematic by making it larger and having more of its internal mechanism visible. [ 18 ] The film 's entitle refers to Turing 's nominate test of the same name, which he discussed in his 1950 paper on artificial intelligence entitled " computer science machinery and Intelligence ". [ 19 ] The Weinstein Company acquired the film for $ 7 million in February 2014, the highest measure always paid for US distribution rights at the european Film Market. [ 20 ] The film is besides a recipient role of Tribeca Film Festival 's Sloan Filmmaker Fund, which grants filmmakers funding and guidance with regard to innovative films that are concerned with skill, mathematics, and engineering. [ 21 ]
music [edit ]
[22] Desplat composed the film 's sexual conquest in under three weeks. In June 2014, it was announced that Alexandre Desplat would provide the original score of the film. [ 23 ] It was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios in London. Desplat uses continuous piano arpeggios to represent both Turing 's think judgment and the workings of a mechanical machine. [ 22 ] He said of the complexity of the continuity and structure of the score :
[ W ] hen the camera at the end of the movie has those beautiful shots of the young son, the young Alan, and he 's meet with the professor who 's telling him his supporter Christopher is dead, and the camera is pushing in on him, I play Christopher 's root that we heard very early on on in the film. There 's a childlike continuity there. It 's the accumulation of these moments that I can slowly but surely play that make it even stronger. [ 22 ]
The score received an Academy Award nominating speech for Best Original Score, losing to the score of The Grand Budapest Hotel, besides composed by Desplat .
"The Imitation Game" 2:37
"Enigma" 2:50
"Alan" 2:57
"U-boats" 2:12
"Carrots and Peas" 2:19
"Mission" 1:36
"Crosswords" 2:52
"Night Research" 1:39
"Joan" 1:45
"Alone with Numbers" 2:58
"The Machine Christopher" 1:57
"Running" 3:01
"The Headmaster" 2:27
"Decrypting" 2:01
"A Different Equation" 2:54
"Becoming a Spy" 4:08
"The Apple" 2:20
"Farewell to Christopher" 2:41
"End of War" 2:07
"Because of You" 1:36
"Alan Turing's Legacy" 1:56
turn [edit ]
marketing [edit ]
Following the Royal Pardon granted by the british government to Turing on December 24, 2013, the filmmakers released the first official promotional photograph of Cumberbatch in character beside Turing 's bombe. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] In the workweek of the anniversary of Turing 's death in June 2014, Entertainment Weekly released two new stills which marked the beginning look at the characters played by Keira Knightley, Matthew Goode, Matthew Beard, and Allen Leech. [ 26 ] On what would have been Turing 's 102nd birthday on June 23, Empire released two photograph featuring Mark Strong and Charles Dance in quality. promotional stills were taken by photographer Jack English, who besides photographed Cumberbatch for Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy. [ 27 ] Princeton University Press and Vintage Books both released film link editions of Andrew Hodges ' biography Alan Turing: The Enigma in September 2014. [ 28 ] The first UK and US trailers were released on July 22, 2014. [ 29 ] The international teaser poster was released on September 18, 2014 with the tagline " The true riddle was the man who cracked the code ". [ 30 ] In November 2014, the Weinstein Company co-hosted a private screening of the film with Digital Sky Technologies billionaire Yuri Milner and Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg. Attendees of the riddle at Los Altos Hills, California included Silicon Valley 's acme executives, such as Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg, LinkedIn 's Reid Hoffman, Google co-founder Sergey Brin, Airbnb 's Nathan Blecharczyk, and Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes. Director Tyldum, screenwriter Moore, and actress Knightley were besides in attendance. [ 31 ] In addition, Cumberbatch and Zuckerberg presented the Mathematics Prizes at the Breakthrough Awards on November 10, 2014 in award of Turing. [ 32 ] The bombe re-create by the filmmakers has been on display in a special The Imitation Game exhibition at Bletchley Park since November 10, 2014. The year-long parade features clothes worn by the actors and props used in the film. [ 33 ] The official movie web site allowed visitors to unlock exclusive subject by solving cryptic crossword puzzle puzzles purportedly conceived by Turing. [ 34 ] The web site puzzle was a shorter version [ 35 ] of the Daily Telegraph puzzle of January 13, 1942 that was actually used in Bletchley Park recruitment during the war [ 36 ] ( and the puzzle was not set by Turing, who was no good at them ). [ 35 ] Google, which sponsored the New York Premiere of the movie, launched a competition called " The Code-Cracking Challenge " on November 23, 2014. It is a skill contest where entrants must crack a code provided by Google. The prize/s will be awarded to entrant/s who crack the code and submit their entrance the fastest. [ 37 ] In November 2014, ahead of the film 's US publish, The New York Times reprinted the 1942 puzzle from The Daily Telegraph used in recruiting codebreakers at Bletchley Park during the second World War. Entrants who solved the puzzle could mail in their results for a opportunity to win a trip for two to London and a enlistment of Bletchley Park. [ 38 ] TWC launched a print and on-line campaign on January 2, 2015 featuring testimonials from leaders in the fields of engineering, military, academia, and LGBTQ groups ( all influenced by Turing 's life and accomplishments ) to promote the film and Turing 's bequest. Yahoo ! CEO Marissa Mayer, Netflix CEO Reed Hastings, Google Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt, Twitter CEO Dick Costolo, PayPal co-founder Max Levchin, YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki, and Wikipedia 's Jimmy Wales all gave tribute quotes. There were besides testimonials from LGBT leaders including HRC president of the united states Chad Griffin and GLAAD CEO Sarah Kate Ellis and from military leaders including the 22nd United States Defense Secretary Robert Gates. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 ] [ 42 ]
theatrical performance publish [edit ]
Cumberbatch at the premiere of the film at TIFF, September 2014
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The film had its global premier at the 41st Telluride Film Festival in August 2014, and played at the 39th Toronto International Film Festival in September. [ 43 ] It had its european premiere as the unfold film of the 58th BFI London Film Festival in October 2014. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] It began a limited theatrical release on November 28, 2014 in the United States, two weeks after its premier in the United Kingdom on November 14. [ 7 ] The US distributor TWC stated that the film would initially debut in four cinema in Los Angeles and New York, expanding to six new markets on December 12, before being released nationally on Christmas Day. [ 46 ]
home media [edit ]
The Imitation Game was released on March 31, 2015 in the United States in two formats : a one-disc standard DVD and a Blu-ray with a digital transcript of the film. [ 47 ]
reception [edit ]
Box office [edit ]
The Imitation Game grossed $ 91.1 million in North America and $ 142.4 million in other territories for a global total of $ 233.5 million, against a budget of $ 14 million. [ 5 ] It was the top-grossing independent film turn of 2014. [ 48 ] The movie opened at number two at the UK box office behind the big-budget film Interstellar, earning $ 4.3 million from 459 screens. Its opening box office design was the third base highest opening weekend haul for a british film in 2014. Its open was 107 % higher than that of Argo, 81 % higher than Philomena and 26 % higher than The Iron Lady following its debut. [ 49 ] [ 50 ] Debuting in four cinema in Los Angeles and New York on November 28, the film grossed $ 479,352 in its opening weekend with a $ 119,352 per-screen-average, the second highest per-screen-average of 2014 and the 7th highest of all time for a live-action film. Adjusted for inflation, it outperformed the Weinstein Company 's own Oscar-winning films The King's Speech ( $ 88,863 in 2010 ) and The Artist ( $ 51,220 in 2011 ), which were besides released on Thanksgiving weekend. The film expanded into extra markets on December 12 and was released nationally on Christmas Day. [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ]
critical response [edit ]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rat of 89 % based on 285 reviews, with an average evaluation of 7.7/10. The web site 's critical consensus reads : " With an great leading operation from Benedict Cumberbatch illuminating its fact-based story, The Imitation Game serves as an eminently well-made entry in the 'prestige biopic ' genre. " [ 54 ] On Metacritic, the film has a slant modal score of 73 out of 100, based on 49 critics, indicating " generally favorable reviews ". [ 55 ] The film received a rare average grade of " A+ " from market-research firm CinemaScore, and a 90 % " definite recommend " rat from its core consultation, according to PostTrak. It was besides included in both the National Board of Review and American Film Institute 's " top 10 Films of 2014 ". [ 56 ] [ 57 ] [ 58 ]
The New York Observer 's Rex Reed declared that " one of the most important stories of the final hundred is one of the greatest movies of 2014 ". [ 59 ] Kaleem Aftab of The Independent gave the movie a five-star review, hailing it the " Best british Film of the year ". [ 60 ] [ 61 ] Empire described it as a " brilliant thriller " and Glamour declared it " an instant classic ". [ 62 ] [ 63 ] Peter Debruge of Variety added that the film is " beautifully written, elegantly mounted and affectingly performed ". [ 64 ] Critic Scott Foundas stated that the " movie is undeniably strong in its sense of a undimmed lightly burned out excessively soon, and the much undignified fortune of those who dare to chafe at society 's established norms ". [ 65 ] Critic Leonard Maltin asserted that the film has " an ideal ensemble roll with every function filled to perfection ". Praise went to Knightley 's supporting operation as Clarke, Goldenberg 's edit, Desplat 's grudge, Faura 's filming and Djurkovic 's production design. [ 66 ] The film was sky-high received at the Telluride Film Festival and won the " People 's Choice Award for Best Film " at TIFF, the highest choice of the festival .
Cumberbatch 's performance was met with widespread applaud from critics. TIME ranked Cumberbatch 's portrayal number one in its top 10 film performances of 2014, with the magazine 's head film critic Richard Corliss calling Cumberbatch 's characterization " the actor 's oddest, fullest, most Cumberbatchian character even … he does n't play Turing then much as inhabit him, bravely and sympathetically but without mediation ". [ 67 ] [ 68 ] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times declared Turing " the role of Cumberbatch 's career ", while A.O. Scott of The New York Times stated that it is " one of the year 's finest pieces of screen acting ". [ 69 ] [ 70 ] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone asserted that the actor " gives an explosive, emotionally complex " depicting. Critic Clayton Davis stated that it is a " operation for the ages … proving he 's one of the best actors working today ". [ 71 ] [ 72 ] Foundas of Variety wrote that Cumberbatch 's act is " consummate … a wonder to watch ", Manohla Dargis of The New York Times described it as " finely nuanced, bristly and tragic " and Owen Gleiberman of the BBC proclaimed it an " emotionally cut paragon ". [ 73 ] [ 74 ] It is " a ramp performance from Cumberbatch : you 'll be deciphering his work long after the credits wind " declared Dave Calhoun of Time Out. [ 75 ] In summation, Claudia Puig of USA Today concluded in her recapitulation, " It 's Cumberbatch 's nuanced, haunt performance that leaves the most brawny impression ". [ 76 ] The Hollywood Reporter 's Todd McCarthy reported that the undeniable highlight of the movie was Cumberbatch, " whose charisma, tellingly modulated and naturalistic align of eccentricities, endowment at indicating a mind never at rest and bent for simultaneously portraying physical oddness and attractiveness combine to create an wholly credible portrait of genius at cultivate ". [ 77 ] [ 78 ] Gossip blogger Roger Friedman wrote at the end of his review, " Cumberbatch may be the closest thing we have to a real descendant of Sir Laurence Olivier ". [ 79 ] While praising the performances of Cumberbatch and Knightley, Catherine Shoard of The Guardian stated that the movie is " besides formulaic, excessively effective at merely whisking you through and making certain you 've clocked the diverseness message, " [ 80 ] going on to raise concerns about the film 's alleged reluctance to show Turing " romantically or sexually involved with a homo. [ 81 ] Tim Robey of The Telegraph described it as " a film about a human calculator which feels … a little excessively calculated ". [ 82 ] british historian Alex von Tunzelmann, writing for The Guardian in November 2014, pointed out many historical inaccuracies in the film, saying in conclusion : " historically, The Imitation Game is american samoa much of a falsify mess as a heap of unbroken code ". [ 83 ] Journalist Christian Caryl besides found numerous historic inaccuracies, describing the film as constituting " a bizarre passing from the historic record " that changed Turing 's rich biography to be " multiplex-friendly ". [ 84 ] L.V. Anderson of Slate magazine compared the film 's report of Turing 's life and bring to the biography it was based on, write, " I discovered that The Imitation Game takes major liberties with its source material, injecting conflict where none existed, inventing wholly fabricated characters, rearranging the chronology of events, and misrepresenting the very nature of Turing 's work at Bletchley Park ". [ 85 ] Andrew Grant of Science News wrote, " … like thus many other Hollywood biopics, it takes some major aesthetic license – which is disappoint, because Turing 's actual report is therefore compelling. " [ 86 ] Computing historian Thomas Haigh, writing in the journal Communications of the ACM, said that " the movie is a bad guide to reality but a useful summary of everything that the popular imagination gets ill-timed about Bletchley Park ", that it " combines the traditional focus of democratic skill writing on the lone flair who changes the worldly concern with the advanced movie superhero narrative of a freak out who must overcome his own flaws before he can save the global ", and that, together with the likes of A Beautiful Mind and The Theory of Everything, is depart of a course of " glossy scientific biopic [ mho ] " that emphasize those celebrated scientists who were surrounded by tragedy rather than those who found contented lives, which in turn affects the way " [ sulfur ] ome kinds of people, and oeuvre, have become celebrated and others have not. " [ 87 ]
The Turing family [edit ]
Despite earlier reservations, Turing 's niece Inagh Payne told Allan Beswick of BBC Radio Manchester that the movie " truly did honour my uncle " after she watched the film at the London Film Festival in October 2014. In the like consultation, Turing 's nephew Dermot Turing stated that Cumberbatch is " perfective cast. I could n't think of anyone better. " James Turing, a great-nephew of the code-breaker, said Cumberbatch " knows things that I never knew before. The total of cognition he has about Alan is amazing. " [ 88 ]
sociable action [edit ]
In January 2015, Cumberbatch, comedian-actor Stephen Fry, manufacturer Harvey Weinstein, and Turing 's great-niece Rachel Barnes launched a campaign to pardon the 49,000 gay men convicted under the same law that led to Turing 's chemical castration. An outdoors letter published in The Guardian urged the british government and the Royal class, peculiarly Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, to aid the campaign. [ 89 ] The Human Rights Campaign 's Chad Griffin besides offered his endorsement, saying : " Over 49,000 other gay men and women were persecuted in England under the lapp jurisprudence. Turing was pardoned by Queen Elizabeth II in 2013. The others were not. Honor this movie. Honor this man. And honor the movement to bring justice to the other 49,000. " [ 90 ] Aiding the induce were campaigner Peter Tatchell, Attitude magazine, and early high-profile figures in the homosexual residential district. [ 91 ] In February 2015, Matt Damon, Michael Douglas, Jessica Alba, Bryan Cranston, and Anna Wintour among others joined the petition at Pardon49k.org demanding pardons for victims of anti-gay laws. [ 92 ] [ 93 ] Historians, including Justin Bengry of Birkbeck University of London and Matt Houlbrook of the University of Birmingham, argued that such a forgiveness would be " bad history " despite its political solicitation, because of the broad variety of cases in which the historic laws were applied ( including cases of rape ) and the distortion of history resulting from an undertake to clean up the wrongdoings of the past post facto. Bengry besides cites the existing ability of those convicted under repealed anti-homosexuality laws to have their convictions declared spend. [ 94 ] This request finally resulted in the Policing and Crime Act 2017, colloquially known as the Alan Turing law, which serves as an amnesty jurisprudence to pardon men who were cautioned or convicted under historic legislation that outlawed homosexual acts, and which was implemented on January 31, 2017. [ 95 ] As the police and the ignore action applies entirely to England and Wales, groups in Northern Ireland and Scotland have campaigned for equivalent laws in their jurisdictions. [ 96 ] [ 97 ]
controversy [edit ]
During production, there was criticism regarding the film 's purport understate of Turing 's homosexuality, [ 98 ] particularly condemning the depicting of his relationship with conclusion friend and erstwhile fiancée Joan Clarke. Hodges, author of the book upon which the film was based, described the script as having " built up the relationship with Joan much more than it actually was ". [ 99 ] Turing 's niece Payne thought that Knightley was inappropriately hurl, as she described the real Clarke as " rather plain ", and said : " I think they might be trying to romanticize it. It makes me a bite huffy. You want the movie to show it as it was, not a lot of folderal. " [ 100 ] Speaking to Empire, film director Tyldum expressed his decision to take on the project : " It is such a complex history. It was the brave rights element, but besides how his ( Turing 's ) ideas were kept unavowed and how incredibly crucial his work was during the war, that he was never given credit for it ". [ 27 ] In an interview for GQ UK, Matthew Goode, who plays fellow cryptanalyst Hugh Alexander in the film, stated that the script focuses on " Turing 's life and how as a state we celebrated him as being a bomber by chemically castrating him because he was gay ". [ 101 ] The producers of the film stated : " There is not – and never has been – a version of our script where Alan Turing is anything other than homosexual, nor have we included fabricated sex scenes. " [ 102 ] In a January 2015 interview with The Huffington Post, its screenwriter Graham Moore said in reception to complaints about the film 's diachronic accuracy :
When you use the speech of " fact checking " to talk about a film, I think you 're screen of basically misunderstanding how artwork works. You do n't fact check Monet 's Water Lilies. That 's not what body of water lilies look like, that 's what the sensation of experiencing water lilies feel like. That 's the goal of the part. [ 103 ]
In the like interview, Tyldum stated :
A batch of historic films sometimes feel like people reading a Wikipedia page to you onscreen, like merely reciting " and then he did that, and then he did that, and then he did this early thing " – it 's like a " Greatest Hits " compilation. We wanted the movie to be emotional and passionate. Our finish was to give you " What does Alan Turing feel like ? " What does his history feel like ? What 'd it feel like to be Alan Turing ? Can we create the have of kind of " Alan Turing-ness " for an consultation based on his life ? [ 103 ]
For the most region, Hodges has not commented on the historical accuracy of the movie, alluding to contractual obligations involving the film rights to his biography. [ 104 ]
diachronic inaccuracies [edit ]
several events depicted in the film did not happen in very animation. The ocular web log Information is Beautiful deduced that, while taking creative license into explanation, the film was good 42.3 % accurate when compared to real-life events, summarizing that " shoe-horning the incredible complexity of the Enigma machine and cryptanalysis in general was never going to be easy. But this film just rips the historical records to shreds ". [ 105 ]
diachronic events [edit ]
The naming of the Enigma-breaking machine "Christopher" after Turing's childhood friend, with Turing the only cryptographer working on it while others either did not help or outright opposed it.
In reality, this electromechanical machine was named "Victory" and it was a collaborative, not individual, effort. It was a British Bombe machine, which was partly inspired by a design by the Polish cryptanalyst Marian Rejewski. Rejewski designed a machine in 1938, called bomba kryptologiczna, which had broken an earlier version of Germany's Enigma machines by the Polish Cipher Bureau before the Second World War.[106]
A new machine with a different strategy was designed by Turing in 1940 with a major contribution from mathematician Gordon Welchman who goes unmentioned in the film. His contribution is instead attributed to Hugh Alexander.[85]
The building of only one machine, with Turing playing a large role in its construction.
More than 200 British Bombes were built under the supervision of chief engineer Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. Not one of them was built at Bletchley Park.[87]
Turing 's rebuild bombe machine, called Christopher in the film, on display at Bletchley Park Museum
Turing 's personality and personal life [edit ]
Turing is depicted as having pronounced idiosyncrasies and challenges that inhibit his social interactions:
While researchers have tried to assign a retrospective diagnosis of autism to Turing,[108] the stereotypical traits portrayed in the film, such as social awkwardness, difficulty working with others, and tendency to take things over-literally, bear little relationship to accounts given of Turing's personality. Despite enjoying working alone, Turing was sociable and had friends, was also viewed as having a sense of humour, and had good working relationships with colleagues.[84][109][110][87]
The scenes depicting Turing's childhood friend, including the manner in which Turing learned of Morcom's illness and death.[83][85]
The sequence, which brackets the whole film, in which Turing is arrested in 1951 when a detective suspects him of being a Soviet spy, which leads to the discovery that Turing is gay.
Turing's arrest was in 1952. The detective in the film and the interview as portrayed are fictional. Turing was investigated for his homosexuality after a robbery at his house and was never investigated for espionage.[83]
The suggestion that chemical castration made Turing unable to think clearly or do any work.
Despite physical weakness and changes in Turing's body including gynaecomastia, at that time he was doing innovative work on mathematical biology, inspired by the very changes his body was undergoing due to chemical castration. While the physical changes distressed Turing, his friends did not notice any meaningful changes to his disposition or comportment in the period between the beginning of his castration and his death.[84][85]
The scene in which Clarke visits Turing in his home while he is serving probation.
There is no record of Clarke ever visiting Turing's residence during his probation, although Turing did stay in touch with her after the war and informed her of his forthcoming trial for indecency.[85]
The statement that Turing died by suicide after a year of hormone treatment.
In reality, the nature of Turing's death is a matter of considerable debate. The chemical castration period ended 14 months before his death. The official inquest into his death ruled that he had died by suicide by consuming a cyanide-laced apple. Turing biographer, Andrew Hodges, believes the death was indeed a suicide, re-enacting the poisoned apple from Snow White, Turing's favourite fairy tale, with some deliberate ambiguity included to permit Turing's mother to interpret it as an accident. However, Jack Copeland, an editor of volumes of Turing's work and Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing, has suggested that Turing's death may have been accidental, caused by the cyanide fumes produced by an experiment in his spare room, and that the investigation was poorly conducted.[85][111]
Personalities and actions of other characters [edit ]
The depiction of Commander Denniston as a rigid officer, bound by military thinking and eager to shut down the decryption machine when it fails to deliver results.
Denniston's grandchildren stated that the film takes an "unwarranted sideswipe" at their grandfather's memory, showing him to be a "baddy" and a "hectoring character" who hinders the work of Turing. They said their grandfather had a completely different temperament from the one portrayed in the film and was entirely supportive of the work done by cryptographers under his command.[85][112] There is no record of the film's depicted interactions between Turing and Denniston. Indeed, before the war, Denniston recruited lecturers at Oxford and Cambridge, and Turing, Welchman, and others began working part-time for him then.[113] : 9 Turing was always respected and considered one of the best code-breakers at Bletchley Park[85] and in short order took on the role of a leader there.[87]
All the interactions between Turing and Stewart Menzies, head of the British Secret Intelligence Service.
There are no records showing that they interacted at all during Turing's time at Bletchley Park.[85]
An espionage subplot involving Turing and Soviet spy John Cairncross.
Turing and Cairncross worked in different areas of Bletchley Park and there is no evidence they ever met.[84][85] Alex Von Tunzelmann was angered by this subplot (which suggests that Turing was for a while blackmailed into not revealing Cairncross as a spy lest his homosexuality be revealed), writing that "creative licence is one thing, but slandering a great man's reputation – while buying into the nasty 1950s prejudice that gay men automatically constituted a security risk – is quite another."[83]
Hugh Alexander is said to have won the British Chess Championship twice near the beginning of the film.
Although this is true, he won it once in 1938 and the second time in 1956, after the war.[114]
In the scene where Joan Clarke arrives at Bletchley park for the first time she travels there on a coach with vehicle registration HOD 75.
This vehicle registration was not issued until 1949, several years after the end of the war.[115]
Accolades [edit ]
The Imitation Game was nominated for, and received, numerous awards, with Cumberbatch 's portrait of Turing particularly praised. [ 116 ] [ 117 ] [ 118 ] The film and its cast and crowd were besides honoured by Human Rights Campaign, the largest LGBT civil rights advocacy group and political lobby organization in the United States. " We are proud to honor the stars and filmmakers of The Imitation Game for bringing the capture yet tragic narrative of Alan Turing to the big filmdom ", HRC president Chad Griffin said in a statement. [ 119 ]
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how conflicts can be resolved? how conflicts can be resolved?
Dadashri: The one who learns the art of adjusting is the one who has turned towards the path of liberation. To have made an adjustment is Gnan. The one who has learnt to adjust is considered having won. Whatever you have to suffer, you have no choice but suffer. There is no problem for the one who knows how to adjust and his karmic account will be cleared. Everyone can adjust with people who are easy to get along with, but if you are able to adjust with those who are awkward, difficult, and stubborn, then you have accomplished your work. Adjustment is the main thing. To say yes to everything, is liberation. Even if you give in, nothing is going to happen outside the realms of vyavasthit. But, if you say no, or you oppose, then you will have problems.
If both the husband and wife make a decision jointly that they want to adjust with each other, then it is possible for both to achieve their goals. Or, if one of you pulls more, the other should give in more; even then you can resolve matters. A man has pain in his arm but he tells no one, instead he uses his good arm to massage the other one. In this way, if you are able to adjust, you will accomplish your work. Nothing will be achieved through conflicts. Even though you do not like conflicts, you still have them do you not? If the other partner is being adamant and keeps pulling, you should just let go and go to sleep. But, if you both keep pulling, neither of you will be able to sleep and your whole night will be ruined. You take so much care in your worldly transactions, your partnership, your business, and all related matters, so can you not exercise the same level of caution in matters of your lifetime partnership with your spouse? The worldly life is nothing but a factory and a museum of conflicts. Some household will have a few, some will have more and some will have a lot.
People do not know how to adjust in their homes but they sit down to read scriptures about the soul! You foolish people! Let go of this nonsense! First, learn to do this! You do not even know how to adjust at home. Such is the world! So, you must get your work done.
1) The person who knows how to adjust to others, he will not have any suffering. "Adjust everywhere".
2) If one is put into trouble at some place and he makes his "adjustment" then also this worldly life will look beautiful.
At least decide that you do not want any conflicts. Do this for three days; what's wrong in trying the experiment? People experiment with fasting, they'll fast for three days for their health, so why not try this? Everyone in the household should get together and decide, "We like what Dada is saying. Let us all make a decision to do away with conflicts." Do this and see what happens.


Apply online application to upbasiceduboard gov in tet 2018 68500 Assistant Teacher. UP Assistant Teacher Recruitment Board, latest notification for Assistant Teacher. Applicants can get full advertisement below and submit the upbasiceduboard online application at upbasiceduboard.gov.in. Applicants who are going to apply, ensure upbasiceduboard jobs that you are eligible for post of Assistant Teacher. The applicants will have to apply online, Result no other option. The last date of submitting online application is 05.02.2018. upbasiceduboard notification further information such as Admit Card eligibility criteria, Answer Key syllabus and how to apply etc. listed below.
Age Limit: 40 Years (Tentative).
How to apply: Eligible applicant require to apply online through upbasiceduboard gov in tet 2018 website upbasiceduboard.gov.in from 05.02.2018.
1. Log on to the upbasiceduboard website upbasiceduboard.gov.in.
Applicants have great chance to get jobs upbasiceduboard Recruitment, however if someone want to ask anything please comment below.
How to apply: Eligible applicant require to send their applications in the prescribed format along online through UP Assistant Teacher Admit Card 2018 website upbasiceduboard.gov.in from 13.03.2018.
Write on the envelope "application for the post of Assistant Teacher".


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Learn as you live…
10 Things To Remember About Breaking Bad Before You Watch Netflix's El Camino
Published on October 9, 2019 by Jennifer Stephens
Which Breaking Bad episodes should you revisit before sitting down to watch El Camino?
El Camino: A Breaking Bad movie will tell the story of what happens to Jesse Pinkman after he escapes from Uncle Jack's white supremacist compound, and it's almost here–the Breaking Bad film release October 11 on Netflix.
We've seen the movie (and spoken to the cast on the red carpet), and although we can't tell you what we thought of it yet, we can help make sure you're prepared by clueing you in to some storylines from the original AMC show that you ought to remember. A lot happened over Breaking Bad's five seasons, so don't be surprised if you've forgotten some of the characters and plot points–that's what we're here for.
Here's everything from Breaking Bad you need to remember if you want to be prepared for El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie.
Old Joe and the Junkyard
You'll want to give yourself a refresher on the fate of the RV from back in Season 3, because Jesse and Walt's first-ever meth lab did anything but make a quiet exit. The man responsible for its disappearing act was a junkyard owner named Old Joe and his giant magnet. His first appearance in the show was in Episode 6 of Season 3, "Sunset."
Jesse's Crew
We hope you didn't forget about Jesse's loyal, drug dealing pals, Skinny Pete and Badger, but just in case you need a refresher course, they were introduced back in Season 1, Episodes 4, "Cancer Man," and 5 "Grey Matter," respectively. They may not always be the brightest or the most responsible, but they've made up for their relative lack of grace and poise time and time again by coming to Jesse's aid when he needs it most.
For El Camino's purposes specifically, we'd recommend you check out Season 3 Episode 11, "Abiquiú," which explores just how far the two of them are willing to go when Jesse comes calling (and when they see the chance to make some money in the process, of course).
A later addition to the show, Todd Alquist was briefly a meth-cooking assistant to Jesse and Walt, until things took an extreme turn for the worst. In arguably one of the show's bleakest and most memorable episodes, Season 5's "Dead Freight," Todd casually murdered a young boy in cold blood just for accidentally witnessing him, Walt, and Jesse robbing a train in the desert. While that may not have been the end of Todd's story, it's probably the most critical moment in his journey on the show, so that's the one we say you should revisit before sitting down for El Camino.
Walt and Jesse's Near-Death Experience
Throughout the show's five seasons, Jesse and Walt had a bunch of close calls, but maybe the most formative happened all the way back in Season 2 with the episode "4 Days Out."
Believing himself to be literally on death's door after misreading his own x-rays, Walt dragged Jesse back into the desert to cook as much meth as possible–which would have been a great plan, had Jesse not left the RV's keys in the ignition, draining the battery. The two are left stranded with virtually no food and almost no water for days on end until Walt is able to jury-rig a battery jump and save them.
We're not going to tell you how or why this particular moment matters for El Camino, but maybe have it fresh in your head when you sit down to watch.
Jesse and Jane
Jane may not have made it past Season 2 in the show, but her presence in Jesse's life loomed large through the finale and isn't something you'll want to forget. Introduced back in Season 2 Episode 5, "Breakage," Jesse's landlord-turned-girlfriend loved art and struggled against a heroin addiction (which ultimately, thanks to Walt's inaction, cost her her life). While that last bit may have been the more traumatic side of her legacy, her interest in culture and philosophy helped Jesse realize there was more to the world than just making money and dodging the law.
We'd recommend taking a look at Episode 11 of Season 3, "Abiquiú," where she appears in a flashback talking about her thoughts on the art of Georgia O'Keefe.
Mike's Way Of Seeing Things
One of the wisest and most levelheaded presences in the show by a mile, Mike Ehrmantraut often jumped back and forth between being the person cleaning up everyone else's messes and the lone voice of reason in an otherwise totally unreasonable room.
For El Camino, you'll want to remember Mike's complicated relationship with Jesse and all the ways it affected him both in and out of the meth business. After all, the two weren't always on the best terms–and Mike started off firmly believing that it would be Jesse, rather than Walt, to get them all killed. But for your purposes in seeing the movie, revisiting Mike's death in Season 5 Episode 7, "Say My Name."
The Pinkman Family
Jesse's relationship with his parents is, unsurprisingly, extremely rough. After kicking him out of the house and all but disowning him, they stole his own house out from under him back during Season 2–though he was thankfully able to win it back in the most delicious way possible by having Saul strong-arm them into a bad, cash-on-hand deal.
For the best refresher about Jesse and his strained relationship with his mom and dad, we recommend you take a trip back to Season 1, Episode 4, "Cancer Man," where they're introduced for the first time.
Andrea and Brock
Jane may have been Jesse's first real love on the show, but she wasn't his last. You'll definitely want to remember Andrea and her son Brock, the struggling single mom who Jesse met at an addiction support group and originally pegged as a perfect mark for his solo meth-selling business. Naturally, that didn't go exactly as planned and the two of them wound up falling in love, which made things complicated when Jesse learned that Andrea's kid brother was the one responsible for murdering one of his friends. Eventually, Andrea was killed by Todd, who then used the threat of further violence against Brock to keep Jesse in line.
For an important bit of Andrea and Brock history, we'd recommend revisiting Season 4, Episode 2, "Thirty-Eight Snub."
An Aborted Vanishing Act
The Extractor, a vacuum salesman with a side business in setting up criminals with brand new lives has a near-miss with Jesse in Season 5, Episode 11, "Confessions." You'll definitely want to revisit this one if only to remind yourself why Jesse stuck around Albuquerque when things really started going off the rails–because the reasons are much more complicated (and horrifying) than you can probably recall off the top of your head.
Jesse's Torture
Last but not least, you'll want to remind yourself of Jesse's tragic fate toward the end of Season 5, when he's literally kept in a concrete hole and forced to cook for Todd's uncle Jack and his gang of white supremacists in their compound. It's maybe the lowest and darkest point of Jesse's life and, seeing as it's where he was leading into the series finale, it's only natural that this is an area of Jesse's story that will be thoroughly explored in El Camino. For the start of that story, check out Season 5 Episode 14, "Ozymandias."
After Two Spinoffs, Breaking Bad Creator Wants To Do Something "Completely Different."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


their turbulent career as told to Power Metal by guitarist Ross the Boss.
got back to America, we'd form a band.
like the sound you get, so why don't you work on putting a band together."
to find a permanent drummer and decide exactly what Manowar was all about.
immediately. So he was in and Donnie was out.
At this point, we already knew that Manowar would have a certain image.
really have enough time to devote to us, so we eventually had to part ways.
to a whole new genre of music.
tour, and then two weeks later, we had nothing.
kept doing what we do best --- playing and recording.
other band for inspiration because we wouldn't find it.


Tertullian: Part II: Heretics are Self-Condemned. Heresy is Self-Will, Whilst Faith is Submission of Our Will to the Divine Authority. The Heresy of Apelles.
On this point, however, we dwell no longer, since it is the same Paul who, in his Epistle to the Galatians, counts "heresies" among "the sins of the flesh," 1897 who also intimates to Titus, that "a man who is a heretic" must be "rejected after the first admonition," on the ground that "he that is such is perverted, and committeth sin, as a self-condemned man." 1898 Indeed, in almost every epistle, when enjoining on us (the duty) of avoiding false doctrines, he sharply condemns 1899 heresies. Of these the practical effects 1900 are false doctrines, called in Greek heresies, 1901 a word used in the sense of that choice which a man makes when he either teaches them (to others) 1902 or takes up with them (for himself). 1903 For this reason it is that he calls the heretic self-condemned, 1904 because he has himself chosen that p. 246 for which he is condemned. We, however, are not permitted to cherish any object 1905 after our own will, nor yet to make choice of that which another has introduced of his private fancy. In the Lord's apostles we possess our authority; for even they did not of themselves choose to introduce anything, but faithfully delivered to the nations (of mankind) the doctrine 1906 which they had received from Christ. If, therefore, even "an angel from heaven should preach any other gospel" (than theirs), he would be called accursed 1907 by us. The Holy Ghost had even then foreseen that there would be in a certain virgin (called) Philumene 1908 an angel of deceit, "transformed into an angel of light," 1909 by whose miracles and illusions 1910 Apelles was led (when) he introduced his new heresy.
[A remarkable word is subjoined by the Apostle (ἐξέστραπται) which signifies turned inside out, and so self-condemned, as exhibiting his inward contentiousness and pravity.
Disciplinam, including both the principles and practice of the Christian religion.
Anathema. See Gal. i. 8.
Concerning Philumene, see below, chap. xxv.; Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. v. 13; Augustine, de Hæres, chap. xlii. ; Jerome, Epist. adv. Ctesiph. (Works, ed. Ben.) iv. 477, and in his Commentary on Galatians, ii. See also Tertullian, Against Marcion, p. 139, Edinb. Edition.
Next: Pagan Philosophy the Parent of Heresies. The Connection Between Deflections from Christian Faith and the Old Systems of Pagan Philosophy.


Below is the text of the maiden speech made by Yvette Cooper to the House of Commons on 2 July 1997.
Mr. Deputy Speaker, thank you for calling me during this historic debate. I am honoured to be uttering my very first words in the House on behalf of the people of Pontefract and Castleford on Budget day. This is Labour's first Budget for 18 years—and what a Budget. It is hard to know where to begin: resources for education and health, help for the young and for the long-term unemployed, measures to calm growth in consumption, boost for investment or help with child care.
It is also an honour to conclude the debate today, and to hear so many maiden speeches. We have had such speeches from my hon. Friends the Members for Enfield, North (Ms Ryan), for Redditch (Jacqui Smith), for Eastwood (Mr. Murphy) and for Brentford and Isleworth (Mrs. Keen), and from the hon. Members for Witney (Mr. Woodward), for Weston-super-Mare (Mr. Cotter) and for North Norfolk (Mr. Prior). We have had a tour of the country, and we have heard how the Budget will affect people across Britain. It is truly a people's Budget.
Almost 100 years ago, Lloyd George launched his people's Budget for this century. Now we have a new people's Budget to begin the next century. I congratulate my right hon. Friend the Chancellor on a wise and radical Budget. It faces up to the long-term problems of the British economy. It also takes immediate steps to tackle some of the deep-rooted inequalities faced by my constituents.
I represent a corner of West Yorkshire which is proud of its industrial heritage and its hard-working people; the liquorice fields and factories of Pontefract; the potteries of Castleford; the pits—the heart and belly of the constituency; the power station at Ferrybridge; the glassworks and the chemical works of Knottingley and Castleford; and, near the corner of Normanton that I represent, a Japanese electronics factory.
I must report to the House that 2,600 people in my constituency are officially unemployed: a third of them have been unemployed for more than a year. The number of people not working, either because they have been forced into early retirement or on to sickness benefit, is much higher. Too many of my constituent have not had their fair share of opportunities to learn and to obtain the qualifications that they need to prosper in a modern economy. That matters for the future, as one generation follows in the footsteps of another. Evidence shows that the chance of the sons and daughters of miners in my constituency becoming high earners when they grow up is a mere tenth of that of the sons and daughters of well-educated and wealthy professionals. That figure is shocking.
Centuries later, Pontefract became home to another true fighter for social justice, Barbara Castle. In her autobiography, she describes her politicisation during the miners lock-out in 1921. Through the years, my constituency has been home to other Members who have fought hard for the working people whom they represent in nearby constituencies, including the former Member for Hemsworth, Derek Enright, and my hon. Friend the Member for Normanton (Mr. O'Brien), who has helped me so much in these early months.
More important to my constituents than anything else will be the new deal for the unemployed. In Pontefract and Castleford we are raring to go. Already, the Groundwork Trust in Castleford has approached me with a proposal for an environmental task force. We hope to encourage young unemployed people in some of the highest areas of unemployment in our constituency—in Knottingley and on the Airdale estate in Castleford—to join regeneration projects that are already planned. That way, they can take their first steps into the world of work straight from their own doorstep, be part of rebuilding their own troubled estates, learning transferable skills and building their own personal pride in their environment and in their work.
That is important because it means that the new deal gives us a chance to tackle the long-term roots of inequality—people who are trapped on the dole in my constituency. Moreover, by helping those who find it hardest to get work, the new deal also boosts the capacity of the economy. That means that, as the economy grows, instead of running into the old inflationary buffers, as so often happens, we can have growth that creates jobs and more jobs, because we have boosted the capacity. That is the Budget's greatest strength. At the same time as controlling consumer demand and stopping it expanding too fast, the Budget is boosting the supply side to try to raise Britain's long-term sustainable rate of growth.
As recently as Monday morning, a small business man came into my surgery. He admitted to being one of the few people in the area who had voted Conservative for 30 years—until the recent election. However, he said that he was delighted with what he had seen about Labour's plans for young people. He said that he wanted to take on three young unemployed people, asked when they could start, and where should he sign. His enthusiasm was infectious, and I hope that such enthusiasm will encourage more small businesses, both in my constituency and throughout the country, to take up the challenge to provide a new deal for the unemployed. It is something which we all need to work on together.
I am sure that that man will be even more delighted now that he has heard my right hon. Friend's Budget. It truly is a people's Budget—a Budget for social justice and for Britain's future. Tough choices have to be made, but they will generate results in the long run.
Keynes said: In the long run we are all dead"— but I say, "So what?" Our children and our grandchildren will still be alive. Therefore, for the people of Pontefract and Castleford and for their children and grandchildren, I welcome the Budget.


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The original item was published from 8/13/2019 1:45:51 PM to 11/14/2019 12:00:02 AM.
[ARCHIVED] City of San Marcos Accepting Eldercare Fan Donations
The City of San Marcos is accepting donations for the annual Family Eldercare Summer Fan Drive.
The City will accept donations of new fans at its five fire stations, including Fire Station 5 at 100 Carlson Circle; Downtown Station 1 at 114 E. Hutchison; Station 2 at 1314 Academy; Station 3 at 2420 Hunter Road; and Station 4 at 404 Broadway.
Drive organizers are asking for new, 20-inch box fans and 12-inch or larger oscillating fans. These will be donated to area seniors, people with disabilities, and households with children that are in financial need. Financial contributions for the fan drive may be made to Family Eldercare at www.summerfandrive.org.
The fan drive ends Aug. 31. To find out about eligibility requirements or to request a fan, please call 512.459.4FAN (4326).


text: Q: Подскажите как добавлять Cardview в Recyclerview на kotlin? У меня естьCardView в котором просто отображается прогресс бары, потом еще 4 Cardview в которые отображается совсем другая информация, все это на главном экране, но они не помещаются, и я хотел бы иметь возможность прокручивать их, подскажите как это можно реализовать, я новичок((

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: How to store html in database consumed by android REST web service? I'm currently creating an android app, with java rest web service and database.
I'm quite a newbie when it comes to both android and web service development, I was just wondering if anyone could give me any tips.
I'm wanting to create a new feed within the app, similar to the facebook or sky sports. The source will be small html articles and displayed using listview; I was just wondering the best way to store the html files. The web service isn't consuming a website, instead they are just individual files.
I thought about storing them in the database and connecting that to the web service, is that a good idea? if so how would you store them correctly in a database? I want it stored as html instead of plain text due to formatting needs.
The rest of the data stored in the database will be consumed by the web service, however this will be just parsed using json.
If anyone has any tips or links that would be great, I havent been able to find any relevant information or examples.
much appreciated

A: There's a great SQLite Database article here -- Hope this helps!
And as for how to store it, I think parsing, as you've suggested, is a good idea -- and storing the structured information rather than just as plain text.


Malaysia Coffee Fest 2018 was an even bigger hit with coffee lovers from Petaling Jaya and beyond. From the moment the doors opened at 10am on 12 July 2018, coffee fans packed the popular lifestyle and shopping destination, 1 Utama Shopping Centre where the festival showcased 96 coffee brands and thrilled visitors with three coffee competitions, spread over 10,000 square feet of event floor space. In all, more than 30,000 visitors came to savour coffee's finest presented by some of Malaysia's most popular brands, brand owners, instructors, roasters and talented baristas and latte artists.
From first-hand experience of the latest brews to espresso sensory and the journey from bean to cup, coffee fans learnt all about what made their favourite brew so special. In turn, café owners and baristas were delighted by the public's interest in all things coffee. They had a chance to speak about coffee, demonstrate their new brews, and make their best cuppa for an appreciative audience of coffee lovers who were enamoured by the heady brews. Visitors were spoilt for choice at the array of coffee machines and accessories, coffee beans and tea leaves, and the wide selections of heady brews and concoctions.
Fans of Malaysia's largest coffee festival were so captivated with the waft of percolating coffee from a massive range of brands spread that many of the exhibitors sold out their stocks at the event even before the show ended this evening. To add a sweet spot at the festivities, the visitors found a smorgasbord of local bakeries serving up distinctive pastries and treats which paired beautifully with the finest coffee and tea!
2. Malaysia Open Barista Championship 2018 (MOBC 2018).
This celebration on all things coffee is organised by CEMS Conference & Exhibition (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., the Malaysian arm of Conference and Exhibition Management Services, the creator of the highly successful Café Asia, Café Malaysia and Café Cambodia series, and co-hosted by Malaysia Specialty Coffee Association (MSCA) and Café Owners Alliance, Malaysia (COA My).


I did a supposedly free trial for a credit report wich if i liked it would cost £14.99 per 3 months.i recieved no report and had money taken from my account.I have tried to make contact but can find no way of doing so. steven fairhurst.
scoresince.com / stop them from accesing my bank actt.
I was offered a credit report from Score Scense for 1.00 an now they are deducting 29.95 from my checking account without authorization.
I applied for a free credit report from Family Identity IQ but instead of providing it for me they've charged my card for hundreds of $. There is no way to get refund from them for those fraudulent charges and because of this situation I had to get new card issued.
The owner's name is Kevin Hargrave. His cell # is [protected] or 6180. His wife, Tiffany Hargrave's # is [protected]. The current office number is [protected]. They keep changing the name of the company but with these personal numbers all you people that have been scammed out pf you money, maybe you can get him.
freecrditscore.com / beware!! not free!!!
karen vance / charging my bank account on something i have not ordered.
Unauthorized charge made on my card. I would like it removed and i want the charge to be reimbursed back into my account.
cancelled with this company months ago by calling the number provided to me at signup. Here it is several months and several phone calls later and still the 14.95 comes out of my account every month. 09/03/2011	EXPERIAN *CREDITREP, INFOEXD.COM, CA	PENDING CASH PURCHASE	$14.95 Is there something more i can do?


My wedding photography packages have prices starting at £1300 for midweek & £2000 for summer dates. Get an accurate price for your wedding photographer package.
My 2017/18 wedding photography prices range from £1300 midweek in winter to £2000 on a Saturday in the height of summer.
All wedding photography packages include a set of edited pictures delivered by secure download (typically around 6-800 from each wedding) in both black and white and colour, along with a short edit of around 100 pictures which represents my own view of the day. You'll also receive a link to a web gallery to send out to family and friends.
I also deliver a set of low res out-takes of everything I shoot, so if something or someone important gets missed in the edit, or you just like a shot that missed the cut, you can pick it out of the coverage and order a retouched high-res version. I'll do a limited number of these free of charge.
I don't place any restrictions on what you can do with the pictures. Instead, my wedding packages allow you to print, share, and copy, at no extra cost.
Albums? I use Jorgensen and Folio Albums to display my wedding pictures. The albums are well designed and the materials and printing are both excellent - a world away from the tacky rubbish that most photographers seem to offer in their packages. As a guide, pricing starts at around £400 for full-size albums, but there are smaller options. I don't charge a markup on albums as I like to encourage printing wherever possible, but I do add a small fee for design time. Want some framed prints as part of your package? Absolutely! Just get in touch and I can create something a little more bespoke for you.
Sound interesting? Close to interesting, but there's something missing from the offer or price that you really want? Drop me an email and lets talk about the details.


(WVUE) - Jefferson Parish Sheriff Newell Normand isn't happy about how former Gov.Bobby Jindal left the state's finances.
On Tuesday during a speech during a speech at the Metropolitan Crime Commission's annual awards luncheon, Normand likened Jindal to a cult leader.
"What a mess," Normand said. "Bobby Jindal was a better cult leader than Jim Jones. We drank the elixir for eight years, we remained in a conscious state, we walked to the edge of the cliff, we jumped off and he watched us. And guess what? Unlike Jim Jones, he did not swallow the poison. What a shame."
Normand, a Republican, accused the former governor of trying to rewrite history on social media as it relates to his handling of the budget.
Normand came out against Republican U.S. Sen. David Vitter in the race against Democrat John Bel Edwards. Edwards was elected and took office last month.


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Frequently asked questions about the GDPR and data protection
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) defines personal data as "any information which are related to an identified or identifiable natural person." By using the term 'any type of information', it can be determined that the intention of the GDPR is to be as broad as possible. Identifiers can be a name, an identification number (e.g. national insurance number, car registration plate), location address (e.g. information from the network or service about the location of a phone or other device), an online identifier (e.g. IP address) or one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person. Data may still be considered 'personal data' even without one of the above identifiers, e.g. if the content or subject matter is about an individual.
What is a data subject?
The UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) defines a data subject as "the identified or identifiable living individual to whom personal data relates." A data subject refers to any individual person who can be identified, directly or indirectly, via an identifier, such as a name, an identification number (e.g. national insurance number, car registration plate), location address (e.g. information from the network or service about the location of a phone or other device), an online identifier (e.g. IP address) or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity.
What does 'processing' of personal data include?
'Processing' covers a wide range of activities performed on personal data, including by both manual and automated means. It includes collecting, recording, storing, organising, structuring, analysing, modifying, retrieving, consulting, using, disclosing by transmission, disseminating or otherwise making available, aligning or combining, restricting, erasing or destroying personal data.
What is a data controller?
A data controller can be defined as an organisation or individual which makes decisions about personal data processing activities, most notably 'why' (the purposes for which) and 'how' (the means by which) personal data is processed. Data controllers exercise overall control of the personal data being processed and are ultimately in charge of, and responsible for, the processing.
A controller can be a company or other legal entity, or an individual (e.g. sole trader or self-employed professional). However, an individual processing personal data for purely personal or household purposes is not subject to the GDPR.
What is a joint controller?
If an organisation jointly determines, with one or more other organisations, 'why' and 'how' personal data should be processed, it is a joint controller. It is important to note that joint controllers have the same or shared purposes. Controllers will not be joint controllers if they are processing the same data for different purposes. Joint controllers are required to enter into an arrangement with the other organisation/s setting out their respective responsibilities for complying with the GDPR rules. Joint controllers must also communicate the main aspects of the arrangement to the relevant data subjects.
What is a data processor?
If an organisation processes personal data purely on behalf of a data controller, it is a data processor. Data processors are typically external to data controllers and can be a company or other legal entity (e.g. partnership or public authority), or an individual (e.g. consultant). However, employees of a data controller who are fulfilling their duties are regarded as agents of the controller, not processors.
Data processors act on behalf of the relevant data controller and under their authority. In doing so, they serve the controller's interests rather than their own. Although a processor may make its own day-to-day operational decisions, Article 29 of the GDPR specifies that it should only process personal data in line with a controller's instructions, unless it is required to do otherwise by law.
It should be noted that if a data processor acts without the data controller's instructions in such a way that it determines the purpose and means of processing, including to comply with a statutory obligation, it will be a data controller in respect of that processing and will have the same liability as a data controller.
What is the difference between GDPR recitals and articles?
The GDPR contains 99 articles and 173 recitals, but what is the difference between these 2 components? The articles represent the legal requirements which an organisation must meet in order to demonstrate compliance with the Regulation. The recitals, on the other hand, provide supporting information and further guidance to supplement the articles. Organisations can use the recitals, for example, to learn more about how to comply with the GDPR.
What is a privacy notice?
A privacy notice is an external statement which informs data subjects how and why their personal data will be processed and is a key document in satisfying the transparency requirements of the GDPR (see Lawfulness, Fairness and Transparency Principle). Whilst not defining a privacy notice, the GDPR does provide a minimum set of information which an organisation should include within its privacy notice. Data subjects should be provided with the organisation's contact details and be informed of such things as:
The type of personal data being collected
How their personal data is collected and where from
Why their information needs to be collect or held and the lawful basis* for doing this
Whether personal data is passed to any third party and the reasons for doing this
How or where their personal data is kept, how long the organisation intends to keep it for and then how it will be securely destroyed or disposed of
Their data protection rights
How to make a complaint to both the organisation and also to the supervisory authority
* If an organisation is relying on consent to process an individual's information, then it should also tell the individual about their right to withdraw consent and how they can do this.
It is important to note that an organisation is required to write the privacy notice in clear and plain language and keep it concise, transparent and easily accessible and provided free of charge
What type of data breaches do the ICO need to be notified about?
If an organisation is involved in a personal data breach, one of the decisions it needs to make is whether to report it to the supervisory authority (ICO in the UK). That decision will need to be made on an assessment of the risks to the data subjects involved. Organisations need to consider both the severity and likelihood of the potential negative consequences of the breach, including the risks to the rights and freedoms of the data subjects. Recital 85 of the GDPR provides a steer on the types of negative consequences which can result from a data breach, including loss of control over personal data, limitation of rights, discrimination, identity theft or fraud, financial loss, damage to reputation, loss of confidentiality etc. As such, organisations need to consider a range of adverse effects on individuals, which includes emotional distress, and physical and material damage. These effects need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis, looking at all relevant factors. Apart from the potential consequences, organisations should also be considering other factors, such as how easy is it to identify individuals from the data, what type of a breach is it (e.g. loss of data or disclosure), how sensitive is the data, are vulnerable individuals involved etc.
If, following a risk assessment, an organisation decides that it doesn't need to report a breach, it needs to be able to justify this decision and document it.
If it is necessary to report a data breach to the ICO, there are various criteria which the GDPR requires an organisation to meet, including the requirement to report within 72 hours of becoming aware of a breach. Given that breach reporting is an area where organisations understandably have limited expertise and experience, this is where third party assistance from specialist organisations such as URM can be invaluable.
What are the key differences between the GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018?
When the GDPR, as a European regulation, came into effect on 25 May 2018, all European Union member states, including the UK, were required to comply and adopt it into national law. The Regulation, however, contains a number of 'derogations', where EU member states have a degree of flexibility over the application of certain provisions. Any derogations implemented by a member state need to respect the 'essence' of data protection rights and be a proportionate and necessary measure. The Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA), which came into effect on the same date as the GDPR, tailors how the Regulation applies in the UK. The DPA, for example, provides an exemption from certain requirements of personal data protection where personal data is being processed for publication in the public interest. It also allows certain data subject rights to be ignored if compliance with these rights would significantly impact an organisation's ability to carry out their functions when processing data for scientific, historical, statistical and archiving purposes. The DPA also sets out separate data protection rules for law enforcement authorities and extends data protection to some other areas such as national security, immigration and defence. The DPA also sets out the functions and powers of the ICO, the UK's supervisory authority. There are some other specific differences between the GDPR and the DPA 2018, for example, the GDPR states that a child can consent to data processing at the age of 16, whilst the DPA sets the age at 13. Another specific difference centres on automated decision making or profiling. With the GDPR, data subjects have a right not to be subject to such practices, but automated decision making or profiling is permitted under the DPA, providing there are legitimate grounds for doing so and safeguards are in place to protect individual rights and freedoms.
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Save money. Use the U.S. News Best Price Program to find the best local prices on the GLA-Class.
The 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLA sits in the top half of our luxury subcompact SUV rankings. It doesn't stand out in any one area, but it's a well-rounded vehicle with a great deal of standard features. Though its acceleration lags behind class leaders, its agile handling helps balance things out.
Is the Mercedes-Benz GLA a Good SUV?
Yes – the 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLA is a solid luxury subcompact SUV, but it's on the small side for the class. It's more of a hatchback than an SUV, with limited rear-seat and cargo space. Its standard features list is appealing, with an intuitive infotainment system and driver assistance features. You can also add on other cool extras like Android Auto and Apple CarPlay. The engine is powerful enough, but its finicky transmission dampens acceleration. It has a slightly stiff ride, but that is true of most crossovers.
Should I Buy the Mercedes-Benz GLA?
The Mercedes-Benz GLA is a good crossover for those who rarely carry passengers. It has a high-end interior and an engaging drive. There are a good number of features for the price, including a driver attention monitor, an easy-to-use infotainment system, and automatic braking. However, if you need more space for people and their cargo, you'll want to consider the larger (and higher priced) Mercedes-Benz GLC. If you want to stay within the price range of the GLA, consider the spacious, elegant, and fun-to-drive BMW X1.
Should I Buy a New or Used Mercedes-Benz GLA?
Mercedes-Benz introduced the GLA as an all-new model for 2015, and it's seen a few changes every year since. For 2018, Mercedes added a wealth of upgrades, including a standard rearview camera, a standard 8-inch high-definition infotainment display, a newly available 360-degree camera, and a refreshed exterior design.
Still, if none of those improvements are particularly important to you, consider saving some cash with an older model in the generation. To research some other models in this generation, check out our reviews of the 2015, 2016, and 2017 Mercedes-Benz GLA. If you decide an older model is right for you, check out our Used Car Deals page for the latest deals and incentives on used vehicles.
We researched and analyzed 26 professional reviews and combined that analysis with data like crash test and reliability ratings, gas mileage, performance specs, and much more to create one comprehensive 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLA review. This full review incorporates applicable research for all models in this generation, which spans the 2015 through 2018 model years.
Our research and editorial staff has decades of combined experience in the automotive industry, and U.S. News & World Report has been ranking and reviewing cars, trucks, and SUVs since 2007. To ensure our objectivity, we don't accept expensive gifts or incentives from car companies, and an outside team handles the advertising on our site.
How Much Does the Mercedes-Benz GLA Cost?
The Mercedes-Benz GLA250 starts at $33,400, which is right in line with its competitors in the luxury subcompact SUV class. The BMW X1 has a price of $33,900, while the Audi Q3 will run you $32,900. Move up a class to the luxury compact 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLC, and you'll pay $40,050.
Pricing for the GLA is fairly straightforward, as there are only a couple of models: the base GLA250 and the performance-oriented AMG GLA 45. A GLA with all-wheel drive (termed the GLA250 4Matic) costs $2,000 more than the base model. Most optional features are added via packages that retail for between $1,400 and $2,300. Other individual options can be added for as little as several hundred dollars.
A fully loaded GLA250 4Matic costs nearly $54,000. The AMG GLA starts at $50,600 and can cost up to about $73,500. That money mostly goes to performance and appearance upgrades, though, as the AMG doesn't add any major interior options from the GLA.
For more information about the Mercedes-Benz GLA's standard and optional features, check out the "Which Mercedes-Benz GLA Model Is Right for Me?" section below.
Check out our U.S. News Best Price Program for great savings at your local Mercedes-Benz dealer. You can also find excellent manufacturer incentives on our Mercedes-Benz deals page.
Which Is Better: Mercedes-Benz GLA or Mercedes-Benz GLC?
The Mercedes-Benz GLC is a luxury compact SUV that costs several thousand dollars more than its smaller sibling, but it's worth the extra money. Cargo space in the GLA and GLC is comparable when the rear seats are up, but the GLC has over a dozen more cubic feet of cargo space with the seats folded down. In the GLC, tall occupants can ride comfortably in the back seat, which isn't the case in the GLA. The larger SUV also comes with a more upscale interior and slightly better performance. The GLC has a comfortable ride and a smooth-shifting transmission, while the GLA has a stiff ride and a fussy transmission. Both SUVs have similar infotainment features and functionality. If you have some leeway in your budget, go for the GLC over the GLA.
Which Is Better: Mercedes-Benz GLA or BMW X1?
The BMW X1 is one of the best performing luxury subcompact SUVs. Its potent 228-horsepower engine has plenty of power and delivers brisk acceleration without sacrificing ride comfort. The X1 also has a higher-quality interior than the GLA, and it can seat tall adults in both rows of seats. Its cargo space is also more plentiful; it holds about 15 more cubic feet of cargo space with the seats folded. In terms of features, however, the GLA is slightly more modern. For instance, the X1 offers Apple CarPlay, but it doesn't offer Android Auto (available in the GLA). Both SUVs have similar standard driver assistance technologies, like a rearview camera and rain-sensing windshield wipers. However, the GLA includes other features that the X1 doesn't have, like emergency braking and a driver attention monitor. Still, the X1 is a better choice.
Which Is Better: Mercedes-Benz GLA or Audi Q3?
The Audi Q3's disappointing performance prevents it from competing well with other SUVs in the class. It has decent pickup for driving around town, but it lacks power for quick acceleration on the highway. The Q3's strong point is its soft and supple ride, which is good for commuting or taking long road trips. Meanwhile, the GLA has a stiffer suspension for a more dynamic ride. They both have attractive interiors as well as similar passenger and cargo space, but the Q3 doesn't have as many of the GLA's niceties. To get an infotainment system in the Q3, you have to add a package, but it's standard in the GLA. Overall, the GLA is a better choice than the Q3.
How Many People Does the GLA Seat?
The 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLA seats five, but the back seat is best suited for three children or two small adults. Legroom is generally limited in the second row, especially after the front occupants have adjusted their seats. Rear headroom is fine, although opting for the moonroof chops away a few precious inches of space.
Accommodations are better up front: a standard 14-way power-adjustable seat allows the driver to find the perfect position, and the seats themselves are comfortable and supportive. There is good outward visibility of the road ahead, but a sloped rear window and thick pillars can limit rear visibility. Fortunately, a rearview camera is now standard to assist with that task. Mercedes' MB-Tex leatherette upholstery is standard, but you can opt for the real thing – and upgrades like heated front seats.
The GLA offers two complete sets of LATCH car-seat connectors in the back seat. There is also a top tether anchor on the rear middle seat.
Like in many luxury cars, the lower anchors are hidden behind plastic flaps at the base of the seat to make them more accessible. The tether anchors for the outboard rear seats are located about halfway down the seatbacks, while the middle tether is set slightly above the trunk pass-through.
The GLA doesn't have the outright opulence of other Mercedes' cabins, but its interior quality mostly matches the SUV's price point. Comfortable, good-quality leatherette seating is standard. Though there are some unimpressive plastic surfaces, the overall cabin design is modern and pleasant.
The GLA is more reminiscent of a hatchback car than a small SUV. You'll get 17.2 cubic feet of cargo room with the rear seats up and 43.6 cubic feet with them down. Those numbers are less than what most of the GLA's rivals offer, though they're close to the 2018 Audi Q3's measurements. The Q3 has 16.7 cubic feet of cargo space with the rear seats up, but a maximum of 48.2 cubic feet with them folded. The BMW X1 is among class leaders, offering 27.1 and 58.7 cubic feet, respectively. Those measurements are even more than those of the Mercedes GLC, even though it resides in a larger class. The GLC offers 19.4 cubic feet with the rear seats in use and 56.5 cubic feet with the seats folded.
A power rear liftgate comes standard in the GLC, but the trunk floor is somewhat high and can make loading heavy items a chore. You can also opt for hands-free trunk access, which opens the liftgate with a wave of your foot under the rear bumper.
One of the highlights of the 2018 GLA is its standard infotainment system. For this model year, the display screen increases from 7 inches to 8 inches, and it continues to impress with sharp graphics and easy-to-read information. Instead of a touch screen, a knob on the center console controls most commands. The system is easy to use once you get the hang of it, and the menus are simple to navigate and have quick response times.
One slight gripe with the infotainment system is that the display seems to be standing on its own rather than integrated into the dashboard, making it look like an afterthought. Functionality should make up for any reservations. Other standard features include HD Radio, Bluetooth, two USB ports, a rearview camera, and remote start.
You can outfit the GLA with additional amenities like proximity-key entry, a Harman Kardon premium sound system, satellite radio, navigation, voice command control, and Android Auto and Apple CarPlay. Those last two features stand out not only for their convenience in accessing most of the daily functions from your phone, but also because you can add them to any GLA for just $350. Android Auto and Apple CarPlay aren't available at all in competitors like the BMW X1, Audi Q3, or more expensive Mercedes-Benz GLC.
The standard 2018 GLA250 trim has a turbocharged four-cylinder engine that produces 208 horsepower and 258 pound-feet of torque. While those are good numbers in theory, the model's on-road performance doesn't reflect them. You might experience some lag when accelerating hard from a stop, as the turbocharger needs a few seconds to get up to speed. Furthermore, the seven-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission can hesitate to find the right gear, resulting in acceleration that is less smooth and steady than expected.
The AMG GLA45 trim gets the best performance out of this small crossover. Mercedes' performance division imparts a 375-horsepower turbocharged engine that also puts down 350 pound-feet of torque. It can bolt from zero to 60 mph in under 5 seconds, and it also comes with a quicker-shifting performance transmission.
According to the EPA, the base model GLA250 with front-wheel drive gets 24 mpg in the city and 33 mpg on the highway. Opting for all-wheel drive drops those estimates to 23 mpg in the city and 31 mpg on the highway. The performance-oriented AMG GLA gets an estimated 22/28 mpg city/highway.
Among the handful of SUVs in the luxury subcompact class, fuel efficiency numbers are fairly close. The BMW X1 is rated at 23/32 mpg city/highway, while the Audi Q3 rounds out the bottom of the class with 20/28 mpg city/highway. You won't lose many mpg by going with the larger Mercedes-Benz GLC SUV, as it gets 22/28 mpg city/highway.
The strongest part of the GLA's performance is its handling and driving dynamics. The crossover drives like a smaller car; precise and direct steering makes it easy to point the GLA exactly where you want it to go.
As with many sporty vehicles, the trade-off for performance is uncomfortable ride quality at times. The GLA's stiff suspension causes it to ride roughly over uneven pavement, and most bumps or shocks from the road are transmitted into the cabin.
Is the Mercedes-Benz GLA Reliable?
The 2018 GLA receives an above-average reliability rating of 3.5 out of five from J.D. Power.
Mercedes backs the GLA and all of its vehicles with a four-year/50,000-mile warranty. That's the same coverage that the BMW X1 and Audi Q3 receive.
The 2018 Mercedes GLA has not yet undergone any crash testing. In fact, many luxury vehicles never do. Some of the GLA's rivals do have safety scores, however. The BMW X1 earns the top rating of Good in all five crash tests conducted by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. The Mercedes-Benz GLC earned a score of Good in all IIHS tests administered, and it was named a Top Safety Pick + (the agency's highest honor).
The GLA is one of the class leaders in advanced safety technologies. A rearview camera is newly standard for 2018. Other standard features in the GLA include forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking, and a driver drowsiness monitor. This system follows your driving inputs and behavior. It can suggest that you take a break from driving if it detects that you're tired or otherwise unfocused.
There are several other driver assistance features available, including blind spot monitoring, lane keep assist, adaptive cruise control, a 360-degree camera and an automatic parking function. These functions can do everything from warn you if you stray out of your lane, to gently steer you where you need to be, as well as match the cruising speed of the car in front of you. A 360-degree camera gives you a top-down view of the car to help with limited-visibility areas. Additionally, the Parking Pilot automatic park assist measures suitable parking spots and can steer and brake the car into the spot for you.
Which Mercedes-Benz GLA Model Is Right for Me?
The 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLA comes in two main trim levels: the base GLA250 and the AMG GLA 45. The GLA250 4Matic is the all-wheel-drive version of the standard model. Standard features are plentiful, including an infotainment system and automatic braking, so you could stick with a base model and still have a well-equipped luxury crossover. One option you'll definitely want to get is Android Auto and Apple CarPlay compatibility, which is a great deal at $350.
For $2,300, you can get AMG sport styling with body pieces, AMG wheels, and upgraded brakes. A panoramic moonroof costs $1,480, and LED headlights and taillights are available for $850. If you want leather seats, you'll have to purchase the $1,700 Interior package, which also includes sport front seats and ambient cabin lighting. The $1,800 Premium package includes blind spot monitoring, proximity-key entry, heated front seats, and satellite radio. $2,300 will get you the Multimedia package, which comes with navigation, voice command activation, Android Auto, and Apple CarPlay. Those smartphone integration features are available by themselves for $350, and other individual options include navigation ($625), heated front seats ($580), proximity-key entry ($550), and a Harman Kardon premium sound system ($850).
Several driver assistance and advanced safety technologies are also available. A Driver Assistance package of lane keep assist and adaptive cruise control costs $1,500. You can also get the $1,400 Parking Assist package, which includes a 360-degree camera and automatic parking function.
The standard Mercedes GLA starts at $33,400 and comes with leatherette seating, a 14-way power-adjustable driver's seat, a power liftgate, dual-zone automatic climate control, HD Radio, Bluetooth, two USB ports, remote start, an infotainment system with an 8-inch display, a rearview camera, push-button start, rain-sensing windshield wipers, automatic emergency braking, and a driver drowsiness monitor.
The GLA 4Matic ($35,400) retains the same features and options availability as the base model, while adding a few upgrades related to the added all-wheel-drive system. These include downhill speed regulation, an off-road drive mode, and an off-road driving display.
The high-performance Mercedes-AMG GLA retails for $50,600. Its upgrades over the standard GLA include a 375-horsepower engine, a quicker-shifting transmission, all-wheel drive, paddle shifters, a sport suspension, a sport exhaust, and performance brakes.
There are a few appearance and styling packages available, and you can option many of the same features and amenities like you can for a regular GLA. If you want to increase the AMG GLA's performance even further, go with the $2,800 Dynamic Plus package. It comes with a race/track driving mode, a higher top speed, limited-slip differential, and an adjustable sport suspension.
The 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLA offers sporty handling for an SUV. It's a good value thanks to its numerous standard features and easy-to-add options. However, unimpressive acceleration, a small back seat, and below-average cargo space work against the GLA.
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Suffolk to host opening stage of Friends Life Women's Tour in 2015
Second edition of the widely acclaimed Friends Life Women's Tour to begin where inaugural race finished, in Bury St Edmunds
The 2015 Friends Life Women's Tour will start off where the inaugural edition finished last May, as Bury St Edmunds and Suffolk welcome the opening stage of the race on Wednesday 17 June.
The opening stage will take 100 of the world's top female cyclists across the county, in a stage entirely within Suffolk, finishing in the coastal town of Aldeburgh.
The stage will start from Angel Hill in the heart of Bury St Edmunds, where Marianne Vos won the final stage and the overall Friends Life Yellow Jersey in May 2014, with further details of the Stage One route to be announced in the coming weeks.
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Also taking place in Bury St Edmunds will be a free-to-attend team presentation event, the evening before the opening stage, on Tuesday 16 June, giving fans the chance to see the world's top teams and riders who will be taking part in the Friends Life Women's Tour.
The second edition of the Friends Life Women's Tour takes place from Wednesday 17 – Sunday 21 June, again taking place over five stages with daily highlights from ITV4.
Commenting on the announcement of the first 2015 stage, Friends Life Women's Tour Race Director Mick Bennett said;
"After the great success of last year's race it is fitting that we will be starting off the second edition of the Friends Life Women's Tour from where the 2014 Tour finished. Last year's race surpassed all of our expectations and thanks to the support of Suffolk County Council, Bury St Edmunds and Suffolk Coastal, we know this year's will start off on a similarly high-level."
Further details on the remaining venues and stages for the 2015 Friends Life Women's Tour will be announced over the coming weeks. The full list of 16 teams for the Friends Life Women's Tour will be confirmed during the spring.
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Scottish Cycling Offers FREE Road Cycling Workshop for Women
To celebrate the growth in women's cycling, Scottish Cycling is offering a free workshop for road cyclists