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Bryan Goes Broadway
Those who've listened to the podcasts know that I am no stranger to theatre (<—the right way to spell it). So naturally, when I took my trip to New York last month, it would have been a crime against the humanities to not see a Broadway show. Of course, those who also know me personally know that next to film and theatre, I'm heavily influenced by comic books. And against the better judgement of my theatre friends, and anyone who saw the show, I decided that the first ever broadway show I would see would be none other than Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark. And what did I think of this much talked-about (read: disparaged) musical?
I went into the experience trying to be as open-minded as possible, knowing full well that what I was about to observe was clearly an effort by Marvel to exploit an untapped area of revenue. There was a Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark gift shop; need I say more? I also did my best to keep my inner theatre snob from beating the living crap out of my inner fanboy, and vice-versa. Twelve rows from the stage, there I was with my aunt, Patty, who'd been gracious enough to take time to accompany to this Wednesday matinee. The anticipation and nerves started to set in. Just before the lights darkened and the scrim went down, I couldn't help but notice that I was surrounded by parents and children who I'm pretty sure were no more than 12. Here we go.
The show opens with a spotlight on Peter Parker (Jason Gotay), who is about the deliver a presentation on Arachne, the mythical woman who used her loom to mock the gods, and was punished by being given 6 additional limbs and cursed to weave webs for eternity (or so the show purports). The opening number displays this myth as Parker is delivering the presentation. Arachne sings the opening song while suspended 50 feet up in the air on a platform. Several aerial silk performers begin swinging back and forth towards the audience, with silk veils dropping down in between them as they go. They were weaving! I have only one word for it: breathtaking. The presentation ends, and we see Parker interact with Mary Jane Watson (Rebecca Faulkenberry) for the first time. Gotay makes Parker's nerdy rambling work quite well with Faulkenberry's polite but terse responses, making for entertainingly awkward moments. I was looking forward to seeing more of their relationship unfold; however, it gets put on hold by songs that take too long to get to the point, or that stand out stylistically.
Anyone familiar with Sam Raimi's first two Spider-Man films will be able to know 80% of plot of the show: boy meets girl, boy gets bitten by spider owned by billionaire, boy loses uncle, boy becomes superhero, billionaire becomes villain, boy loses girl, hero and villain duke out, villain dies, boy gets the girl back. So what's the deal? Why has this show gotten so much flack?
First of all, the show takes liberties with character backstories and major storylines. Shocking, I know. For example, they omitted Norman Osborn/The Green Goblin's son Harry from the story completely, and have it made so that he and his wife, Emily (Laura Beth Wells), never had children. Critical? No. Off-pissing to fanboys? YES, although, I maintain my neutrality.
For those who want to know, though, here are the three major and minor changes they made:
Arachne is reincorporated as a mentoring spirit to Peter along his journey, implying that Peter was some how "chosen" to become Spider-Man.
The Sinister Six were not villains with their own stories, but rather Oscorp employees who get kidnapped and subjected to the same chemical treatments that make Norman Osborn (Robert Cuccioli…more on him in a second) into the Green Goblin. They were demoted to glorified henchmen.
The Green Goblin is a mutation, not a persona. He has no "costume;" the green "enhancements" are part of his permanent transformation. He has no glider either; he sprouts bat-like wings when he needs to fly. Thankfully, the pumpkin bombs are still there.
All of these changes I was mostly okay with, because it cut out what would have easily been another 30-60 minutes of exposition. As it is, the show runs two and half hours with intermission. However, aside from the inconsistencies with the source material, they made stylistic choices that are easy to disagree with.
That brings me to my next point: there were moments of campiness that did not need to be there. For example, when we first see Spider-Man nabbing bad guys, the bad guys take the form of over-the-top, Dick Tracy-esqe gangsters. I get it, it's a comic book adaptation. That being said: REALLY? It felt very out of place to me. The camp did work, however, with the Robert Cuccioli's portrayal of the Green Goblin. It was not uncommon for him to break the fourth wall and joke around with the audience. Granted, he was taking over the role from the production's original actor, Patrick Page, but he brought a flair to the second act of the show that made evil entertaining, and made the other campy elements easier to accept.
THEATRE NERD TANGENT: Robert Cuccioli was Dr. Jekyll (and naturally, Mr. Hyde) in the original Broadway cast of Jekyll & Hyde, a fact that I flipped out at when I saw him in the program (J&H is one of my favorites). When the Goblin got sinister, he sounded like Mr. Hyde! I loved it! Okay, back to the review.
Even though the book by Glen Berger, Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa, and the show's original director Julie Taymor was lacking at times, the music by U2's Bono and the Edge was pretty damn good. As with many musicals, there are always going to be weaker songs. Thankfully, the good songs out-weigh the bad ones. To me, the best song in the show was "Rise Above." You can check out the song sung by the production's original Spider-Man, Mary Jane, and Arachne (Reeve Carvey, TV Carpio and Jennifer Damiano, respectively) here if you want to taste of what the show was like:
Julie Taymor's directing was…let's just say esoteric. Being a student of both theatre and film, I was taught that virtually every play or movie, all of its elements are in service to the story. Most of the time, Taymor makes sure that happens. Given that Taymor has a background in mask-making and puppetry, it's not a shock that she would incorporate highly stylized costumes and literally larger-than-life character masks. These elements played better to those 12 year olds in the audience than to the adults. The expressionist, deliberately two-dimensional sets look like they're lifted straight from the comics, which could have failed miserably, but didn't.
For those who don't know, Taymor was removed from the production during previews, and was replaced by Philip William McKinley, who got "additional direction by" credit. McKinley is widely considered the reason why the show pulled itself together, and made it watchable.
Walking out of the Foxwoods Theatre, I was humming songs from the show. This is just me, but I feel like that's a pretty good sign that the show's not terrible.
My Verdict: It was pretty good, but far from perfect.
For those who are interested in seeing how McKinley's and Taymor's visions unfolded, you can see this show in its Broadway form until January 4, its final performance date. Those with a strong inner child and sense of curiosity, but don't have the funds to get to New York, can wait until the show moves to Las Vegas in 2014.
Bryan Moriarty
X-Men: Days of Full Penetration
In two short days, X-Men: Days of Future Past finally hits theaters! Listen to the Nerds talk about everything from their first exposure to the X-Men to what they expect from this new adventure.
Click here if the media player below has trouble loading.
http://www.nerdonomy.com/wp-content/uploads/086_XMenDaysOfFullPenetration.m4a
Iron Man 3: An Emotional Rollercoaster in 3 Parts
**SPOILER ALERT! READ WITH CAUTION, TRUE BELIEVERS!!**
Everyone and their mother has been eagerly anticipating this summer's "Opening Day" for movies which Marvel has had on lockdown for the last few years. This year's starting feature: Iron Man 3. Some people loved it, some people hated it and since its a piece of art, both are correct. I have now seen it thrice and have had ample time to break it down for you from the perspective of a truly dedicated comic book movie nerd.
The Hawkeye Initiative: Approachable Feminism
Yes, yes. I'm a feminist. Listeners of our Nerds on Film podcast have been quite aware of this for some time. Feel free to shed your image of man-hating, bra burning feminazis however. We come in all different shades, and yes, feminists have a sense of humor too. Specifically, clever nerds and artists who have started what I deem (in all my righteous power as galactic empress) to be the greatest thing to ever happen to the internet: The Hawkeye Initiative.
Danny Elfman Scores Everything
This week, Sarah, Bryan and Roxi discuss one of the most prolific film score composers of our time: Danny Elfman.
http://www.nerdonomy.com/wp-content/uploads/096_DannyElfmanScoresEverything.m4a
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Here is Maxxamamillion at six weeks old and six and a half pounds. The beginning of the our little Pawmaster in 1995.
He continues to get some rehab and short walks around our neighborhood daily. On Saturday he finally went back to his favorite park (Portage Park) which he went to daily for ten years.


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2022 looms as watershed for financial sector
Andrew Cornell
Managing Editor, bluenotes
December 4 was International Day of Banks – seriously – so it's a good time to review the health of the industry.
Historically, economic crises tend to be caused by the banking system blowing itself up. In 2008 it was poor pricing for risk and a failure to understand where that risk was held that led to the American sub-prime mortgage collapse which crashed financial markets globally.
"The financial sector survived the pandemic in pretty good shape, in part because of the rules put in place after the global financial crisis." - Steven Leslie, Principal Finance Analyst at the Economist Intelligence UnitBad debts and failed banks followed.
In the Asian crisis of the late 90s countries became over-indebted in US dollars and again the banking system had failed to price in or appreciate the risk of widespread defaults and capital flight. More bad debts, more dead banks.
Australia's last major recession in the early 90s came down to banks over-lending to commercial property and the business sector – both of which were kneecapped when the official cash rate neared 20 per cent. Bad debts swamped the sector for years after.
Coming out of the pandemic however – and of course this recovery will be volatile – the banking system is actually in decent shape.
That's because banks didn't cause this crisis. And they were well capitalised – thanks to the response to the global financial crisis. They were able to support corporate and consumer customers which ultimately meant less bad debt[JW1] . There was plenty of liquidity around to fund banks – and banks tend to fail due to a lack of liquidity rather than insolvency because they borrow for short periods and lend for long.
Pretty good shape
In this crisis though, because there hasn't been a lot to spend money on and governments globally have provided financial relief, there haven't been runs on banks. In Australia, for example, households amassed additional savings worth more than $A220 billion, around 10 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP), during the COVID-19 crisis.
As Steven Leslie, Principal Finance Analyst at the Economist Intelligence Unit, says "the financial sector survived the pandemic in pretty good shape, in part because of the rules put in place after the global financial crisis. Bad loan ratios actually fell in 2020".
That's certainly a better outlook than 18 months ago. And the rising interest rates we are starting to see globally are usually, up to a point, good for banks because they allow margins to increase.
Yet an ostensibly better outlook for financial services elides some underlying, existential threats to the sector – or at least those banks unprepared for the disruption. Not all banks are in the same place.
McKinsey & Co's latest Global Banking Survey notes "the valuation gap between leading banking institutions and those trailing behind is once again widening. Decisions made in the next 18 to 24 months will determine which firms emerge on the right side of this divergence".
Source: McKinsey & Co
Whimper, not a bang
The central issue for global banking this time around is not that a bunch of banks are going to immolate but that they won't make enough money to attract investors. That would be going out with a whimper not a bang.
"Cause for concern is evident in banks' performance on two yardsticks: return on equity (ROE), a measure of current profitability, and market-to-book value, a leading indicator of how capital markets value banking," McKinsey argues.
"Fifty-one per cent of banks operate with an ROE below cost of equity (COE), and 17 per cent are below COE by more than 4 percentage points. In an industry that has high capital requirements and is operating amid low interest rates, creating value for shareholders is structurally challenging."
Since the financial crisis banks have not been great stewards of shareholder funds in McKinsey's view: "In fact, the almost $US2.8 trillion of capital that was injected by shareholders and governments into banking over the past 13 years eroded 3 to 4 percentage points of ROE."
That translates into valuations: "Banks are trading at about 1.0 times book value, versus 3.0 times for all other industries and 1.3 times for financial institutions excluding banks, with 47 per cent of banks trading for less than the equity on their books."
Yet this is not true for all banks – during the pandemic the financial system as a whole gained about $US1.9 trillion (more than 20 per cent) in market capitalisation, McKinsey says.
The next phase
So the issue comes back to the growing disparity between high and low performers. What are the forces then that will push this disparity?
Competition is intense not just between incumbent financial institutions but from emerging competitors, be they fintech, bigtechs, neo-banks and non-bank financial institutions. This next phase will swing on which organisations can most quickly move to the kind of digitalisation customers want and harness the power of the data they have access to – without damaging the necessary trust their customers demand.
Yet at least these are comprehensible and largely measurable threats.
Climate change, as an existential threat to the planet, is also a clear and present danger to the financial system, on two fronts.
The Reserve Bank of Australia's (RBA) deputy governor Guy Debelle summed it up in a speech titled "Climate Risks and the Australian Financial System".
"Climate change is a first-order risk for the financial system. It has a broad-ranging impact on Australia, both in terms of geography and in terms of Australian businesses and households. Most Australian financial institutions now recognise climate as a risk. The assessment of climate risks has evolved considerably over the past five years, but there remains considerable scope for further improvement."
That's one front. But the other is the opportunity cost: there is value in investing in those industries and technologies that will address climate change and the financial assets that will support investment in the transition to lower carbon intensity.
According to the International Energy Agency's World Energy Outlook 2021, investment related to the transition to zero emissions will need to reach $US4 trillion annually by 2030 from around $US1 trillion now. That makes this one of the great financial opportunities in history.
This bank, ANZ, recently held an investor day on its Environmental Sustainability Strategy and the focus was on that opportunity. Chief Executive Shayne Elliott described the transition as "super cycle" that "will drive immense opportunities … in decades to come for both us and our customers".
ANZ's position is that it accepts climate change is a financial risk, and a shared challenge for customers, governments and the financial sector. But also an opportunity.
According to Elliott, "the biggest role we can play is through our financing, services and advice – backing customers who have the right plans and commitments in place".
Source: ANZ Banking Group
ANZ is hardly alone. According to Oliver Wyman in a note prepared after COP26 "more than 450 firms in the financial services sector across 45 countries that represent more than $US130 trillion of financial assets have committed to align their activities to transitioning to net zero and to work to deliver the $US100 trillion investment needed to achieve net zero over the next three decades".
"The scale and significance of the announcement should not be underestimated," according to Oliver Wyman. 'Firms representing 40 per cent of the financial system have committed to set concrete, science-based, net zero-aligned interim targets for portfolio emissions, back them up with credible transition plans and actions, and report progress regularly."
The good news is the financial sector has weathered the immediate crisis of the pandemic and is actually in good shape. The bad news is things are not going back to normal with digitalisation, artificial intelligence and myriad other tech challenges. And then there's global warming…
It is these challenges which will determine the next generation of winners.
Andrew Cornell is Managing Editor of bluenotes
Sustainability Banking
Shareholders are stakeholders too
It's not capitalism that is driving global warming and growing inequality, it's the humans making the rules behind it. And they can change them.
A clearer path to a sustainable transition
Mark Whelan | Group Executive Institutional, ANZ
Financial services companies have a clearer framework for sustainability investments in the wake of the COP26 conference in Glasgow.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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DA drops case against patient who bit nurse
Updated Jan 29, 2019; Posted Jul 02, 2018
A Northwest Portland man was injected with a sedative, then hours later bit a nurse. He faced criminal charges, until recently.(The Associated Press)
By Aimee Green | The Oregonian/OregonLive
Prosecutors have dropped charges against a 35-year-old Portland man charged with assault for biting a nurse while he was heavily sedated and taken to a hospital against his will.
Advocates from the Criminal Justice Reform Clinic at Lewis & Clark Law School took up the case of Brandon Michael Gabaldon when they heard the circumstances of what happened to him.
Ambulance medics injected Gabaldon with as much as 15 times the normal dose of the sedative Versed and then took him to Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital in Northwest Portland in November 2016, said Lewis & Clark law professor Aliza Kaplan, in a friend-of-the-court brief in Gabaldon's case.
Hours later, Gabaldon woke from a deep, medicated sleep -- and after an argument broke out, Gabaldon ended up biting the nurse's elbow, according to the brief.
That shouldn't warrant criminal charges, advocates said.
The Multnomah County District Attorney's Office has now agreed by dropping its pursuit of fourth-degree assault and harassment charges against Gabaldon 11 months after he was arraigned. Judge Cheryl Albrecht dismissed the case last month.
"I think the takeaway is we need our system to be a lot more humane to people who are vulnerable and come to these hospitals," said Viktoria Safarian, the public defender who enlisted the help of the law school clinic to fight Gabaldon's charges.
Brent Weisberg, a spokesman for the Multnomah County District Attorney's Office, said his office hadn't initially known all the facts of the case. The prosecutor's office conducted its own investigation and a report didn't come back until recently.
In that report, a doctor at the Oregon State Hospital determined that the "massive level of sedatives" given to Gabaldon may have prevented him from forming "the requisite mental state" to commit the charged crimes.
Gabaldon, who lives in Northwest Portland, was home over the long Thanksgiving weekend in 2016 and feeling lonely, said his attorney. He'd been in a bad car accident a few years earlier and suffered from post traumatic stress disorder and a traumatic brain injury, Safarian said.
He'd worked through intensive therapy to get to the point of using a cane instead of a wheelchair to move around, according the brief by the Criminal Justice Reform Clinic.
But Gabaldon still wasn't able to travel out of state to see his family. "So he was a little sad," Safarian said. "He was drinking."
A concerned neighbor summoned help, but Gabaldon didn't cooperate with medics who responded -- and that's when they gave him the sedative, the brief said.
It was hours later at Good Samaritan when a disagreement arose about placing a catheter and a groggy Gabaldon bit the nurse who was trying to hold him down, according to the clinic brief.
Gabaldon returned home, and he woke up the next day thinking it was all a "bad dream," according to the brief. "Mr. Gabaldon had almost no memory of what had happened the night before."
Versed is known to cause amnesia.
In its brief, the Criminal Justice Reform Clinic expressed serious concerns that medical providers are medicating patients in emotional or mental distress without their consent or using excessive force against them, then pursuing criminal charges if the patients lash out in their altered states.
The clinic wrote that it hopes the dismissal of Gabaldon's case prompts medical providers to institute more de-escalation training and other changes so medical workers recognize that patients such as Gabaldon are acting on "instinct, fear, confusion and dissociation" rather than the criminal intent to hurt others.
-- Aimee Green
agreen@oregonian.com
o_aimee


Furniture — This furniture, is one of the 11 designs published under the gallery: Amazing Circa Lighting Sconces Decor Ideas. In the next page, we have the circa lighting sconces visual comfort sconces white wall flower painting gold lamp holder and mirror liner classic cabinet for traditional bathroom style [ ... ]. While in	the previous page, we have the circa lighting sconces aerin lighting warm tone grey oil paintings with lighting white wall white chair circa lighting [ ... ].


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Usage
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To use ceph_check in a project::

    import ceph_check

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Prosecuting Sexual Offences – Time for a rethink?
Posted on: June 17th, 2019 by O'Garra's in News
Justice, the renowned human rights organisation, has published a significant report that examines the prosecution of sexual offences, and in some areas calls for a radical overhaul.
Among the authors of the report is Judge Peter Rook QC, a senior Judge at the Central Criminal Court ('Old Bailey') and considered an expert authority on this area of law.
Two of the areas examined were preventing and reducing offending. Turning its attention to those who view indecent images of children ('IIOC'), the report recommended as follows:
"Police-led diversion schemes have recently been developed. These seek to address the factors that may lead to offending behaviour without the need for prosecution. We have been inspired by the success of these programmes to develop our own proposal for a Conditional Diversion Scheme, for individuals who have viewed IIOC. We consider that this scheme will provide the correct intervention to these individuals as quickly as possible, helping to both save prosecution and court resources and ensure reoffending rates remain low. Our proposed scheme has been developed together with experts in the field and we consider it to be a sensible response to the volume of reports that the police receive each month."
The authors also had much to say concerning rehabilitative programmes and the effect of protective/preventative orders:
"When it comes to sentencing, this working party believes that lessons should be learned from the skills-based approach to rehabilitation, which has shown this to be an effective way to reduce reoffending rates. There should be a shift in focus to rehabilitation and more flexibility should be given to sentencers to allow them to make suitable orders that allow the individual to rehabilitate effectively. This is especially the case for Sexual Harm Prevention Orders, where we have heard that overly restrictive orders can isolate an individual from society once released from prison, hindering them from getting their lives back on track and risking further offending."
Our work brings us into contact with a great many people who commit offences at all level of seriousness, and of course, many that have committed no crime at all. We know that criminal investigation and proceedings can have a devastating effect on those accused and their wider families.
In all cases, we work sensitively and diligently to prepare a robust defence case when that is required and to work hard with others to ensure outcomes that work for our clients and the wider community when it comes to sentencing.
We welcome this report and its mature examination of such complex societal issues.
If you need specialist advice, then please contact us on 0113 247 1477 or email us at [email protected] and let us help, we deal with all manner of criminal offences on a daily basis and have the expertise to get you the best result possible.


Alfa Romeo has a few paint code locations within the boot. Check under the boot lid, inside the rear compartment, or on the wheel housing. An Alfa Romeo paint code is typically three numbers long, but can also be a letter/number combination.
If you can't find your paint code on the car your local Alfa Romeo dealership (parts department) will be able to tell you your paint code from your registration or chasis number.


In the summer Linneryds Camping offers you a coffee shop in the house at the reception. The shop offers waffles, ice cream, pastries and freshly baked cakes and buns.
In addition, they have a varied menu with hamburgers and homemade sausages.
2017: Open from 25. March to 30. September. All days, 8am. - 8 pm.


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Q: Mask UI Image/RawImage I recently encountered a problem with UI. I opened a new 2D project and created a canvas with a GameObject with a Image component. I then added a sprite by right-clicking Assets > Create > Sprites > Circle. This added a circle sprite to my Assets folder.
The problem is when I choose the Source Image for the Image component as the circle, it still displays as a rectangle.

The circle sprite is imported as Sprite for Texture Type.
This problem also happens with the other shapes, such as triangle.
I am using Unity 5.6.0b9 Personal. Build target is PC, Mac, Linux Standalone.
I am probably missing something very simple. Any help is appreciated!

A: It doesn't work like that. Circle and all other type of Sprites under the Assets > Create > Sprites Menu are only made to work with SpriteRenderers. This would have worked if you used SpriteRenderer from GameObject--> 2D Object--> Sprite. They do not work with the UI.
For the UI, this has to be done with the Mask component. Just get any round image then use it to cut out circle from your target square image.

*

*Create a UI Image called "TargetSquare" which is the image you want to round.

*Duplicate it then name this "MaskCircle" and then resize it to make it smaller than the "TargetSquare" until that circle shape is what you want.

*Make the "MaskCircle" object to be the parent of the "TargetSquare" object then use this round Sprite I made as it's source image.

*Attach the Mask component to the "MaskCircle" object.
Done. Your "TargetSquare" object will have the shape of the "MaskCircle" object.
If you get jagged edges, select the sprite you used for the "MaskCircle" image and then make sure that Mipmap is disabled.

A: Maybe it is bug, in  unity 5.6.1f1 same story.
Just try to download new version unity 5.6.2f. I dont know, that bug is fixed or not.
Or
Use some image editor, for example photoshop.
P.S. My fail, all ok, it works on SpriteRenderer component. Unity generates white square, and in this sprite properties setting Sprite Mode to Polygon and creates some shape using vertices.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


During 2009 and 2010 Friends of John Jay Homestead partnered with the staff of John Jay Homestead State Historic Site to restore Nancy Jay's bedroom, located on the second floor of John Jay's historic Bedford House. The bedroom has been restored with custom millwork, textiles, and prints from a rustic 1790s appearance indicative of an employee's quarters, to an elegant, feminine, 1820s room, fitting for the woman of the house.
Ann Jay (1783-1856), familiarly called "Nancy", assumed the role of head of household at the age of 19 upon the death of her mother, Sarah. She managed the house for her father until his death in 1829, overseeing household finances and staff, ordering foodstuffs, planning meals, and being responsible for entertaining, home decorating projects, and the gardens.
Previously, the tour of the historic house focused on the lives of John Jay and his son, William Jay. Thanks to the restoration and reinterpretation, it now includes a discussion of Nancy's role in the management of the household, her life as a single woman in her 30s living in 1820s Bedford, her involvement in the antislavery movement and other reform movements, and her relationships with family and friends. The restoration also provided the staff the platform to expand on important broad concepts such as the role of women in society (privileged and not) and the education of girls in the 18th and 19th centuries.


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Heavy cost of snowy weather
By Merril Boulton
New research commissioned by Green Flag Breakdown reveals Brits missed 51.4 million working hours in the past week as a result of the poor weather conditions. Over 8.5 million (18%) British adults have been unable to work their contracted hours because of the adverse weather, costing employers an estimated £318 million.
The snow and icy conditions in the past week have kept almost one in five (19%) people off the road because they were afraid of driving. A further 2.3 million (5%) people tried to take to the roads but were unable to because of ice on the roads. Despite delays, public transport is seen as a safe refuge in bad weather with 12% of people taking trains, tubes and buses instead of driving because they felt it was the safer option.
However, millions of people were attracted to the thrill of driving in the icy conditions, with 17% of Brits claiming they enjoyed the challenge of navigating the roads in the past week. While a quarter (25%) of men enjoyed the challenge of driving on icy roads just 8% of women felt the same.
Those driving for the 'rush' or challenge of navigating icy roads put themselves, their passengers, other road users and pedestrians at risk as a car that loses control, even at low speeds, can be involved in a serious accident, according to Miranda Schunke, spokesperson for Green Flag: "It is not only the roads that have been frozen in the past week, for millions work commitments have been put on ice. Green Flag's service personnel have been working round the clock to respond to record volumes of incidents, helping motorists that have found themselves in difficulty on the road. In future, we may see more drivers following the continental lead and investing in winter tyres and snow chains to help them cope with difficult driving conditions."
Green Flag Breakdown reports it has seen call-outs increase by an average of 88%, compared to the same week last year, as the country remains in the grip of freezing weather conditions. On Tuesday January 22, incident volumes were 159% higher than the same day last year. The extremely high demand for breakdown support highlights the risks faced by motorists who take to the roads in severe and icy conditions. The worst affected areas include Newcastle, Bristol, Monmouth, Brighton, Swindon, Basingstoke, Coventry, Leicestershire and Warwickshire. The company has witnessed a dramatic increase in call volumes in these areas from motorists stranded at the road side or unable to start their vehicles at home.
More than 3.8 million people have missed at least a full day of work in the past week alone as a result of the arctic weather conditions. Over 590,000 people missed at least two days of work in the past week.
Fuel price plunge bottoming out
Certas Energy company owned sites join BOSS
Government presses on with Sunday Trading change
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Conservation | Opinion
We Can Save Earth's Coral Reefs
Members of the International Coral Reef Initiative have agreed on the steps we must take. Now governments have to act
By Alfred DeGemmis, Stacy Jupiter, Simon Cripps, Emily Darling on November 2, 2020
Coral reef, Red Sea. Credit: Getty Images
Our planet's natural ecosystems are in trouble. Recent advances in "big data" and improved remote sensing tools show us that collective human impacts are leaving fewer places untouched, with only 15% of the Earth's land mass formally protected and global biodiversity declining at an unprecedented rate.
Global assessments led by scientists, such as the 5th Global Biodiversity Outlook published this week, and others endorsed by governments through bodies like the Intergovernmental Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), make it clear that governments are failing to meet existing global targets for biodiversity, and that critical ecosystems like coral reefs will be altered to the point that the biodiversity they hold, and the services they provide, will be damaged beyond repair.
Corals in particular have shown the most rapid increase in extinction risk of all assessed species groups, with studies showing an estimated two thirds of coral reef fish lost compared to historical reefs as only 2.5 percent of the world's reefs are being actively protected.
We must respond to this remarkable scientific and political consensus on biodiversity loss with meaningful action. As an international community, we must do more to help protect those important ecosystems such as coral reefs, which provide extraordinary contributions to both biodiversity (about 25 percent of all marine biodiversity across about 0.1 percent of the ocean floor) and human wellbeing (economic and food security for hundreds of millions of people).
International plans, usually in the form of policy frameworks, are well suited to globalized threats such as climate change, but have a hard time addressing the myriad complex localized threats facing coral reefs (such as overexploitation, pollution, coastal and industrial development) and other ecosystems.
They do, however, play an important role in driving consensus around how to measure and monitor ecosystems like coral reefs and the benefits they provide to people. They also galvanize political will, unlock billions in financing for nature conservation, and provide the impetus to drive change at a local level.
Currently, all but a few of the world's governments are in the process of negotiating updated, consensus-based goals and targets for biodiversity conservation to replace those that expire in 2020. This "post-2020 global biodiversity framework" will guide the actions and investments of the 196 governments that are party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The negotiations are expansive and complex.
Over the last two years, members of the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), a global partnership of more than forty governments and more than forty civil society organizations with coral reef expertise, have agreed on the parts of this framework that are critical for coral reefs.
First, they agree that vulnerable reefs must be recognized as priority ecosystems in the post-2020 framework. Coral reefs provide unique contributions to both biodiversity and human wellbeing. It is therefore vital to identify the key state-based indicators of reef health, and to dedicate resources for tracking coral reef change and, ultimately, the effectiveness of coral reef conservation and management.
Second, ICRI Members agree that coral reefs are complex ecosystems. All too often conservation is reduced to a binary assessment of whether an ecosystem is present or not, and whether it is protected or not. Action needs to be taken long before an ecosystem or species is lost; indeed, we need targets to inspire proactive interventions to keep coral reefs from dropping below key thresholds (see below). In reality, ecosystems are highly complex in their health and functioning, and their conservation status can be measured in different ways.
Intact coral reefs, or those with high ecological integrity, are also key to food and economic security for coastal communities, and are deeply enmeshed in local culture or identity. We will not be able to conserve coral reefs without respecting and protecting the territorial rights of Indigenous Peoples, who rely on healthy ecosystems, including coral reefs, for their wellbeing and cultural identities.
Protecting the integrity and resilience of coral reefs therefore depends on identifying the context-appropriate interventions and management regimes to achieved desired ecological and social outcomes.
Lastly, ICRI Members agree to develop and use better tools, or indicators, to measure progress. Assessments of progress towards existing goals on coral reefs typically focus on compilations of thousands of site-specific observations compiled by important organizations such as the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN). While these analyses are critical, several agencies monitoring coral reef health now collect more detailed information that, taken together, can better measure the integrity and function of coral reef ecosystems.
A new online data platform MERMAID (datamermaid.org), for example, helps scientists and management officials collect, organize, and disseminate data on reef fish biomass and diversity, and the cover of hard corals, fleshy algae, and other benthic groups – and all of these are identified by ICRI as key indicators of coral reef health, integrity and function to measure against science-based thresholds.
For example, scientific research has demonstrated that reefs need a precautionary threshold of roughly 30 percent live coral cover to secure growth, and at least 500-600 kilograms per hectare of reef fish biomass is needed to maintain fisheries productivity, ecosystem function, and biodiversity.
Although the ICRI recommendation represents remarkable consensus by over 80 governments and civil society organizations, the recommendation is non-binding under international law. Moving from consensus to conservation action will require governments to adopt these targets through the CBD negotiations, and implement the needed actions in close consultation with Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and stakeholders across civil society.
The decisions of governments during the ongoing CBD negotiations and their actions in the years to come will determine whether or not our planet's coral reefs will continue to exist in ways that provide benefits to biodiversity and society. Governments, and particularly the representatives leading the CBD negotiations, have an immense task in front of them—to safeguard functioning coral reefs, and in fact all of the planet's ecosystems and species.
We know a future without coral reefs is no future at all. Let's get to work on moving from consensus to action.
To learn more about WCS's recommendation on the CBD post-2020 negotiations, please follow this link
Alfred DeGemmis is Senior Manager for International Policy at WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society).
Stacy Jupiter is WCS Regional Director for Melanesia.
Simon Cripps is Executive Director of the WCSGlobal Marine Program.
Emily Darling is a conservation scientist with WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society), where she leads the global coral reef monitoring program.


Grapevine, TX - Your local pizza restaurant's menu is about to make its way onto your smartphone screen. At the 2017 International Pizza Expo, pizza and delivery restaurant point of sale system Thr!ve debuted their new mobile app that will help bring leading edge pizza technology to clients.
The new Thr!ve app, launching in beta in April, will allow restaurants to have a custom, fully branded smartphone app in the Apple and Google Play stores. The app lets customers create and place orders straight from the app, as well as monitor and claim their loyalty rewards. The app differentiates itself from a mobile site by boasting a branded loading screen, side menu, and integration with the phone's map and calling features.
Along with online ordering capabilities, the app offers restaurants a chance to promote their loyalty program by showing customers their total points and available rewards in the app, making it even easier for them to use their rewards online.
The app's beta version includes order confirmation and driver assignment confirmations with Thr!ve's delivery management solution, Dr!ve. Later phases will add loyalty reward push notifications and custom marketing notifications.
Beyond just a point of sale, Thr!ve delivers restaurants a comprehensive suite of solutions including delivery, loyalty marketing, mobile and online ordering, and enterprise reporting, all fully integrated with the POS and affordably priced for small business owners to compete more successfully. Specializing in pizza and delivery, Thr!ve boasts features that understand the unique needs of a restaurant POS software. For more information, visit www.thrivepos.com.


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The gift of time: The opportunity and benefit of early FAFSA filing
Brown Center Chalkboard
Lindsay C. Page, Ben Castleman, and Katharine Meyer Thursday, October 20, 2016
For this year's high school seniors, there is an important change to the process of applying for college financial aid. For the first time, students and their families can apply for aid by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) in the fall rather than waiting until after the new year.
This change is a big deal.
Now, students and families will have more time to navigate the aid application process and the many steps that it entails. Currently, a substantial share of college students who are eligible for financial aid don't successfully apply. This can occur because students never submit a FAFSA or, even if they do submit, they may fail to complete all the steps in the process.
Indeed, often-overlooked complexities can arise between when students submit the FAFSA and when they receive their financial aid offers from colleges. Some students miss simple steps like providing an electronic signature. Even among those who complete the FAFSA, many low-income students are required to verify the income and asset information they provide on their application. Students need to complete separate verification processes with each institution to which they have applied, and each institution has unique verification forms to complete. These additional steps in the financial aid process mean students may miss out on aid entirely, they may receive less than they are eligible for because they file after priority deadlines, or they may not receive aid until just weeks before the start of the fall semester. In prior work, we found that recent high school graduates' college plans often were derailed by the fact that they were still trying to navigate the FAFSA process in the summer before college was to begin.
To better support students through the FAFSA maze from submission to completion, we designed and implemented a text-messaging campaign to address the informational and behavioral barriers associated with initial FAFSA filing. Crucially, our implementation partners had access to regularly updated student-level data on FAFSA filing status. For example, they knew whether a student had submitted or completed a FAFSA and additionally whether the student had been flagged for income verification. We capitalized on these data to provide students with regular, personalized outreach and updates on their FAFSA completion status. Students were able to write back for one-on-one, text-based assistance.
We implemented the intervention in two sites with two different research designs. In Texas, we partnered with eight school districts that together serve over 17,000 high school seniors to test the impact of the campaign using a school-level randomized control trial design. In Delaware, we partnered with state officials to offer the text-based outreach to all public high school seniors statewide.
Is free college a good idea? Increasingly, evidence says yes
Douglas N. Harris
FAFSA verification: An undue burden for students and public colleges
Alberto Guzman-Alvarez and Lindsay C. Page
Many states require FAFSA filing before high school graduation, but timing can be everything
Margaux L. Cameron and T. Austin Lacy
In both sites, the text-based outreach improved FAFSA filing outcomes. In Delaware, rates of FAFSA completion were improved overall. In Texas, where we focused particularly on students who were college-intending, the text-based outreach led to earlier FAFSA filing and higher rates of college enrollment. Specifically, the outreach impacted immediate college matriculation by a statistically significant four percentage points.
Descriptive evidence from the National Post secondary Student Aid Survey reveals that among Texas students who do enroll in college, financial aid packages are more generous among those who file earlier. Thus, in our sample, filing earlier may have helped students to receive more generous financial aid packages and therefore to have more post secondary options truly open to them in terms of affordability when it came time to select a college.
"Thus, in our sample, filing earlier may have helped students to receive more generous financial aid packages and therefore to have more postsecondary options truly open to them in terms of affordability when it came time to select a college."
Another finding bears particular attention. Among students in our Texas sample, a full 30 percent of FAFSA filers were flagged for income verification. To date, we have not seen verified data on the rate of selection for verification, so this figure itself is notable. Further, in our control schools, we found that among FAFSA filers, those selected for verification were 6 percentage points less likely to enroll in college. Importantly, we find suggestive evidence that our intervention helped to partially mitigate the detrimental effect of verification in treatment schools. Given that a substantial share of students is required to complete verification, moving up the FAFSA filing timeline affords students more time during the school year to navigate verification. Further, our work highlights the importance of drawing greater attention to FAFSA verification as a potential stumbling block to students receiving financial aid offers.
In our prior work on the derailment of students' college plans in the summer after high school, we referred to this phenomenon as summer melt. Yet, a counselor whom we interviewed in this work cautioned that the "summer melt" label was a misnomer. Rather, the counselor argued that the melting process actually began in the winter, when students and families should be navigating the FAFSA. The impacts of our FAFSA intervention on timely enrollment, indeed, are similar in magnitude to those for analogous low-cost efforts to mitigate summer melt. Thus, our results lend credence to the notion that by supporting students with this key milestone, and shepherding them through the process earlier, rates of college access can be improved.
We call for federal, state, and local education agencies to do all that they can to help students take advantage of this additional time for financial aid application that the shift to relying on prior-prior-year tax information for filing has afforded. Indeed, based on our new findings, we see just how important the timing with which students navigate the FAFSA process can be.
Lindsay C. Page
Annenberg Associate Professor, Education Policy - Brown University
Research Associate - National Bureau of Economic Research
Twitter linzcpage
Ben Castleman
Newton and Rita Meyers Associate Professor in the Economics of Education - University of Virginia
Founder and Director - Nudge4 Solutions Lab
Katharine Meyer
Fellow - Governance Studies, Brown Center on Education Policy
Twitter @katharinemeyer
Lindsay C. Page is an assistant professor of research methodology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Education and a research scientist at Pitt's Learning Research and Development Center. Her work focuses on quantitative methods and their application to questions regarding the effectiveness of educational policies and programs across the pre-school to post secondary spectrum.
Ben Castleman is an assistant professor of education and public policy at the University of Virginia and a Fellow at the Behavioral Science and Policy Association. He is the author of The 160 Character Solution: How Text Messaging and Other Behavioral Strategies Can Improve Education, available from Johns Hopkins University Press.
Katharine Meyer is a PhD student in the Education Policy department at the University of Virginia, and a Virginia Education Science Training pre-doctoral fellow.
The Brown Center Chalkboard launched in January 2013 as a weekly series of new analyses of policy, research, and practice relevant to U.S. education.
In July 2015, the Chalkboard was re-launched as a Brookings blog in order to offer more frequent, timely, and diverse content. Contributors to both the original paper series and current blog are committed to bringing evidence to bear on the debates around education policy in America.
Read papers in the original Brown Center Chalkboard series »
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BULK SPECIAL - Sugar Coated Almonds WHITE - 6kg - Australian Made and Taste Great!
BULK Australian Made Sugar Coated Almonds WHITE - made for bombonieres & taste great!
6kg box with approx 1200 almonds. As they are sold on weight, quantities may vary slightly.
Australian Made with whole almonds (not half or quarters like some).
Tradition is for 5 almonds to be given to the wedding guests, normally in a tulle circle.
The 5 almonds are said to symbolise : health, wealth, happiness, fertility and a long life!
The Italians refer to them as part of the bomboniere or confetta and the Americans refer to them as part of their favors.
Compare the taste... freshly made in Australia with whole almonds (not 1/4 or 1/2 almonds). You can taste the difference!


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Mathematical Applications for the Management, Life, and Social SciencesIn Problems 7-12, find the third derivative. 10. f ( x ) = 3 x 5 − x 6
In Problems 7-12, find the third derivative. 10. f ( x ) = 3 x 5 − x 6
9.1 Limits9.2 Continuous Functions; Limits At Infinity9.3 Rates Of Change And Derivatives9.4 Derivative Formulas9.5 The Product Rule And The Quotient Rule9.6 The Chain Rule And The Power Rule9.7 Using Derivative Formulas9.8 Higher-order Derivatives9.9 Applications: Marginals And DerivativesChapter Questions
In Problems 7-12, find the third derivative.
10. f ( x ) = 3 x 5 − x 6
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Use values 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, and...Ch. 9.1 - 50. (a) If if it exists. Explain your...Ch. 9.1 - 51. If and , find (a) (b) (c) (d) Ch. 9.1 - 52. If and find (a) (b) (c) (d) Ch. 9.1 - 53. If and , find (a) (b) (c) Ch. 9.1 - 54. If and , find (a) (b) (c) Ch. 9.1 - 55. Revenue The total revenue for a product is...Ch. 9.1 - 56. Profit If the profit function for a product is...Ch. 9.1 - 57. Sales and training The average monthly sales...Ch. 9.1 - 58. Sales and training During the first 4 months...Ch. 9.1 - 59. Advertising and sales Suppose that the daily...Ch. 9.1 - 60. Advertising and sales Sales y (in thousands of...Ch. 9.1 - 61. Productivity During an 8-hour shift, the rate...Ch. 9.1 - 62. Revenue If the revenue for a product is and...Ch. 9.1 - 63. Cost-benefit Suppose that the cost C of...Ch. 9.1 - 64. Cost-benefit Suppose that the cost C of...Ch. 9.1 - Federal income tax The following table shows part...Ch. 9.1 - 66. Parking costs The Ace Parking Garage charges...Ch. 9.1 - 67. Municipal water rates The Corner Water Corp....Ch. 9.1 - Airport parking Long-term parking at Savannah...Ch. 9.1 - Dow Jones Industrial Average The graph in the...Ch. 9.1 - Dow Jones Industrial Average The graph in the...Ch. 9.1 - Obesity Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) is a serious problem in...Ch. 9.1 - Obesity Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) is a serious problem in...Ch. 9.2 - 1. Find any x-values where the following functions...Ch. 9.2 - 2. If f(x) and g{x) arc polynomials, is...Ch. 9.2 - 3. (a) Evaluate . (b) What does part (a) say about...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 1 and 2, refer to the figure. For each...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 1 and 2, refer to the figure. For each...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 3-8, determine whether each function...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 3-8, determine whether each function...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 3-8, determine whether each function...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 3-8, determine whether each function...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 3-8, determine whether each function...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 3-8, determine whether each function...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 9-16, determine whether the given...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 9-16, determine whether the given...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 9-16, determine whether the given...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 9-16, determine whether the given...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 9-16, determine whether the given...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 9-16, determine whether the given...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 9-16, determine whether the given...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 9-16, determine whether the given...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 17-20, use a graphing calculator to...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 17-20, use a graphing calculator to...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 17-20, use a graphing calculator to...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 17-20, use a graphing calculator to...Ch. 9.2 - Each of Problems 21-24 contains a function and...Ch. 9.2 - Each of Problems 21-24 contains a function and its...Ch. 9.2 - Each of Problems 21-24 contains a function and its...Ch. 9.2 - Each of Problems 21-24 contains a function and its...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 25-32, complete (a) and (b). (a) Use...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 25-32, complete (a) and (b). (a) Use...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 25-32, complete (a) and (b). (a) Use...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 25-32, complete (a) and (b). (a) Use...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 25-32, complete (a) and (b). (a) Use...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 25-32, complete (a) and (b). (a) Use...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 25-32, complete (a) and (b). (a) Use...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 25-32, complete (a) and (b). (a) Use...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 33 and 34, use a graphing calculator...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 33 and 34, use a graphing calculator...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 35 and 36, complete (a)-(c). Use...Ch. 9.2 - In Problems 35 and 36, complete (a)-(c). Use...Ch. 9.2 - For Problems 37 and 38, let be a rational...Ch. 9.2 - For Problems 37 and 38, let be a rational...Ch. 9.2 - 39. Sales volume Suppose that the weekly sales...Ch. 9.2 - 40. Worker productivity Suppose that the average...Ch. 9.2 - 41. Demand Suppose that the demand for a product...Ch. 9.2 - 42. Advertising and sales The sales volume y (in...Ch. 9.2 - 43. Annuities If an annuity can make an unending...Ch. 9.2 - 44. Response to adrenalin Experimental evidence...Ch. 9.2 - 45. Cost-benefit Suppose that the cost C of...Ch. 9.2 - 46. Pollution Suppose that the cost C of removing...Ch. 9.2 - 47. Pollution The percent p of particulate...Ch. 9.2 - 48. Cost-benefit The percent p of impurities that...Ch. 9.2 - Federal income tax The tax owed by a married...Ch. 9.2 - 50. Calories and temperature Suppose that the...Ch. 9.2 - Electrical usage costs The monthly charge in...Ch. 9.2 - Postage costs First-class postage for a standard...Ch. 9.2 - 52. U.S. smart phones Using data from 2010 to...Ch. 9.3 - 1. Find the average rate of change of over [1,...Ch. 9.3 - 2. For the function , find each of the...Ch. 9.3 - 3. Which of the following are given by ? (a) The...Ch. 9.3 - 4. Must a graph that has no discontinuity, corner,...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 1-4, for each given function, find the...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 1-4, for each given function, find the...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 1-4, for each given function, find the...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 1-4, for each given function, find the...Ch. 9.3 - 5. Given , find the average rate of change of f(x)...Ch. 9.3 - 6. Given , find the average rate of change of f(x)...Ch. 9.3 - 7. In the Procedure/Example box in this section,...Ch. 9.3 - 8. In Example 6 in this section, we were given ....Ch. 9.3 - 9. Let . (a) Use the definition of derivative and...Ch. 9.3 - 10. Let . (a) Use the definition of derivative and...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 11-14, the tangent line to the graph...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 11-14, the tangent line to the graph...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 11-14, the tangent line to the graph...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 11-14, the tangent line to the graph...Ch. 9.3 - For each function in Problems 15-18, find (a) the...Ch. 9.3 - For each function in Problems 15-18, find (a) the...Ch. 9.3 - For each function in Problems 15-18, find (a) the...Ch. 9.3 - For each function in Problems 15-18, find (a) the...Ch. 9.3 - For each function in Problems 19-22, approximate...Ch. 9.3 - For each function in Problems 19-22, approximate...Ch. 9.3 - For each function in Problems 19-22, approximate...Ch. 9.3 - For each function in Problems 19-22, approximate...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 23 and 24, use the given tables to...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 23 and 24, use the given tables to...Ch. 9.3 - In the figures given in Problems 25 and 26, at...Ch. 9.3 - In the figures given in Problems 25 and 26, at...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 27 and 28, a point on the graph of ...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 27 and 28, a point on the graph of ...Ch. 9.3 - 29. If the instantaneous rate of change of f(x) at...Ch. 9.3 - 30. If the instantaneous rate of change of g(x) at...Ch. 9.3 - Because the derivative of a function represents...Ch. 9.3 - Because the derivative of a function represents...Ch. 9.3 - 33. Given the graph of ) in Figure 9.27, determine...Ch. 9.3 - 34. Given the graph of y = f(x) in Figure 9.27,...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 35-38, (a) find the slope of the...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 35-38, (a) find the slope of the...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 35-38, (a) find the slope of the...Ch. 9.3 - In Problems 35-38, (a) find the slope of the...Ch. 9.3 - 39. Total cost Suppose total cost in dollars from...Ch. 9.3 - 40. Average velocity If an object is thrown upward...Ch. 9.3 - 41. Demand If the demand for a product is given...Ch. 9.3 - 42. Revenue If the total revenue function for a...Ch. 9.3 - 43. Total cost Suppose the figure shows the total...Ch. 9.3 - 44. b The figure shows the percent of the U.S....Ch. 9.3 - Marginal revenue The revenue function for a sound...Ch. 9.3 - 46. Marginal revenue Suppose the total revenue...Ch. 9.3 - 47. Labor force and output The monthly output at...Ch. 9.3 - 48. Consumer expenditure Suppose that the demand...Ch. 9.3 - 49. Profit Suppose that the profit function for...Ch. 9.3 - 50. Profit It the total revenue function and the...Ch. 9.3 - 51. Heat index The highest recorded temperature in...Ch. 9.3 - 52. Receptivity In learning theory, receptivity is...Ch. 9.3 - 53. Marginal revenue Suppose the graph shows a...Ch. 9.3 - 54. Social Security beneficiaries The graph shows...Ch. 9.4 - 1. True or false: The derivative of a constant...Ch. 9.4 - 2. True or false: The derivative of the sum of two...Ch. 9.4 - 3. True or false: The derivative of the difference...Ch. 9.4 - 4. Does the Coefficient Rule apply to , where c is...Ch. 9.4 - 5. Find the derivative of each of the following...Ch. 9.4 - 6. Find the slope of the line tangent to . Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 15-18, at the indicated points,...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 15-18, at the indicated points,...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 15-18, at the indicated points,...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 15-18, at the indicated points,...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 19-26, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 19-26, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 19-26, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 19-26, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 19-26, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 19-26, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 19-26, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 19-26, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 27-30, write the equation of the...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 27-30, write the equation of the...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 27-30, write the equation of the...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 27-30, write the equation of the...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 31-34, find the coordinates of points...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 31-34, find the coordinates of points...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 31-34, find the coordinates of points...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 31-34, find the coordinates of points...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 35 and 36, find each derivative at...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 35 and 36, find each derivative at...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 37-40, complete the following. (a)...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 37-40, complete the following. (a)...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 37-40, complete the following. (a)...Ch. 9.4 - In Problems 37-40, complete the following. (a)...Ch. 9.4 - The tangent line to a curve at a point closely...Ch. 9.4 - The tangent line to a curve at a point closely...Ch. 9.4 - For each function in Problems 43-46, do the...Ch. 9.4 - For each function in Problems 43-46, do the...Ch. 9.4 - For each function in Problems 43-46, do the...Ch. 9.4 - For each function in Problems 43-46, do the...Ch. 9.4 - 47. Revenue Suppose that a wholesaler expects that...Ch. 9.4 - 48. Revenue The total revenue, in dollars, for a...Ch. 9.4 - 49. Metabolic rate According to Kleiber's law, the...Ch. 9.4 - 50. Capital investment and output The monthly...Ch. 9.4 - 51. Demand The demand for q units of a product...Ch. 9.4 - 52. Demand Suppose that the demand tor a product...Ch. 9.4 - 53. Cost and average cost Suppose that the total...Ch. 9.4 - 54. Cost and average cost Suppose that the total...Ch. 9.4 - 55. Cost-benefit Suppose that tor a certain city,...Ch. 9.4 - 56. Cost-benefit Suppose that the cost C, in...Ch. 9.4 - 57. Wind chill One form of the formula that...Ch. 9.4 - 58. Allometric relationships—crabs Data for...Ch. 9.5 - 1. True or false: The derivative of the product of...Ch. 9.5 - 2. True or false: The derivative of the quotient...Ch. 9.5 - 3. Find for each of the following. (a) Do not...Ch. 9.5 - 4. If , does finding y' require the Product Rule?...Ch. 9.5 - 5. If , where c is a constant, does finding y'...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 1-4, find the derivative and...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 1-4, find the derivative and...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 1-4, find the derivative and...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 1-4, find the derivative and...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 5-8, find the derivative but do not...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 5-8, find the derivative but do not...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 5-8, find the derivative but do not...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 5-8, find the derivative but do not...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 9 and 10, at each indicated point,...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 9 and 10, at each indicated point,...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 11-20, find the indicated derivatives...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 21 and 22, at the indicated point for...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 21 and 22, at the indicated point for...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 23-26, write the equation of the...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 23-26, write the equation of the...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 23-26, write the equation of the...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 23-26, write the equation of the...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 27-30, use the numerical derivative...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 27-30, use the numerical derivative...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 27-30, use the numerical derivative...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 27-30, use the numerical derivative...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 35 and 36, (a) find f'(x). (b) graph...Ch. 9.5 - In Problems 35 and 36, (a) find f'(x). (b) graph...Ch. 9.5 - 37. Prove the Quotient Rule for differentiation....Ch. 9.5 - 38. Use the Quotient Rule to show that the Powers...Ch. 9.5 - 39. Cost-bene fit If the cost C (in dollars) of...Ch. 9.5 - 40. Cost-benefit If the cost C (in dollars) of...Ch. 9.5 - 41. Revenue Suppose the revenue (in dollars) from...Ch. 9.5 - 42. Revenue The revenue (in dollars) from the sale...Ch. 9.5 - 43. Revenue A travel agency will plan a group tour...Ch. 9.5 - 44. Revenue McRobert's Electronics sells 200 TVs...Ch. 9.5 - 45. Response to a drug The reaction R to an...Ch. 9.5 - 46. Nerve response The number of action potentials...Ch. 9.5 - 47. Test reliability If a test having reliability...Ch. 9.5 - 48. Advertising and sales The sales of a product s...Ch. 9.5 - 49. Candidate recognition Suppose that the...Ch. 9.5 - 50. Endangered species population It is determined...Ch. 9.5 - 51. Wind chill Each winter the so-called "polar...Ch. 9.5 - 52. Response to injected adrenalin Experimental...Ch. 9.5 - 53. Social Security beneficiaries The table gives...Ch. 9.5 - 54. Emissions The table shows data for sulfur...Ch. 9.5 - 55. Females in the workforce For selected years...Ch. 9.5 - 56. Alzheimer's As the baby boomer generation ages...Ch. 9.6 - Ch. 9.6 - 2. (a) If , find f'(x) by using the Power Rule...Ch. 9.6 - IN Problems 1-4, find dydu,dudx,anddydx....Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 1-4, find dydu,dudx,anddydx....Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 1-4, find dydu,dudx,anddydx....Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 1-4, find dydu,dudx,anddydx....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 3. Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 4. Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 5. Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 6. Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 7. Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 8. Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 9. Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 10....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 11....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 12....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 13....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 14....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 15....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 16....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 17....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 18....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 19....Ch. 9.6 - Differentiate the functions in Problems 3-20. 20....Ch. 9.6 - At the indicated point, for each function in...Ch. 9.6 - At the indicated point, for each function in...Ch. 9.6 - At the indicated point, for each function in...Ch. 9.6 - At the indicated point, for each function in...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 25-28, write the equation of the line...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 25-28, write the equation of the line...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 25-28, write the equation of the line...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 25-28, write the equation of the line...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 29 and 30, complete the following for...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 29 and 30, complete the following for...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 31 and 32, do the following for each...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 31 and 32, do the following for each...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 33 and 34, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.6 - In Problems 33 and 34, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.6 - 35. Ballistics Ballistics experts are able to...Ch. 9.6 - 36. Population of microorganisms Suppose that the...Ch. 9.6 - 37. Revenue The revenue from the sale of a product...Ch. 9.6 - 38. Revenue The revenue from the sale of x units...Ch. 9.6 - 39. Pricing and sales Suppose that the weekly...Ch. 9.6 - 40. Pricing and sales A chain of auto service...Ch. 9.6 - 41. Demand Suppose that the demand tor q units of...Ch. 9.6 - Stimulus-response The relation between the...Ch. 9.6 - Stimulus-response The relation between the...Ch. 9.6 - Stimulus-response The relation between the...Ch. 9.6 - 45. Demand If the demand for q units of a product...Ch. 9.6 - 46. Advertising and sales The daily sales S (in...Ch. 9.6 - 47. Body-heat loss The description of body-heat...Ch. 9.6 - 48. Data entry speed The data entry speed (in...Ch. 9.6 - 49. Investments If an IRA is a variable-rate...Ch. 9.6 - 50. Concentration of body substances The...Ch. 9.6 - National health expenditures The table shows the...Ch. 9.6 - 52. Energy use Energy use per dollar of GDP...Ch. 9.6 - Gross domestic product The table shows U.S. gross...Ch. 9.6 - 54. Diabetes The figure shows the percent of the...Ch. 9.7 - 1. If a function has the form , where n is a...Ch. 9.7 - 2. If a function has the form ", where n is a...Ch. 9.7 - 3. Find the derivative of each of the following...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - Find the derivatives of the functions in Problems...Ch. 9.7 - In Problems 33 and 34, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.7 - In Problems 33 and 34, find the derivative of each...Ch. 9.7 - 35. Physical output The total physical output P of...Ch. 9.7 - 36. Revenue Suppose that the revenue function for...Ch. 9.7 - 37. Revenue Suppose that the revenue in dollars...Ch. 9.7 - 38. Production Suppose that the production of x...Ch. 9.7 - 39. National consumption If the national...Ch. 9.7 - 40. Demand Suppose that the demand function for q...Ch. 9.7 - 41. Volume When squares of side x inches are cut...Ch. 9.7 - 42. Advertising and sales Suppose that sales (in...Ch. 9.7 - 43. Advertising and sales An inferior product with...Ch. 9.7 - 44. Advertising and sales An excellent film with a...Ch. 9.7 - Per capita expenditures for U.S. health care The...Ch. 9.8 - Suppose that the distance a particle travels is...Ch. 9.8 - Suppose that the distance a particle travels is...Ch. 9.8 - Suppose that the distance a particle travels is...Ch. 9.8 - Suppose that the distance a particle travels is...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 1-6, find the second derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 1-6, find the second derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 1-6, find the second derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 1-6, find the second derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 1-6, find the second derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 1-6, find the second derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 7-12, find the third derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 7-12, find the third derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 7-12, find the third derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 7-12, find the third derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 7-12, find the third derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 7-12, find the third derivative. Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 13-24, find the indicated...Ch. 9.8 - 25. If , what is the rate of change of at (1,...Ch. 9.8 - 26. If , what is the rate of change of y' at (1,...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 27-30, use the numerical derivative...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 27-30, use the numerical derivative...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 27-30, use the numerical derivative...Ch. 9.8 - In Problems 27-30, use the numerical derivative...Ch. 9.8 - 31. Ch. 9.8 - 32. Ch. 9.8 - 33. Acceleration A particle travels as a function...Ch. 9.8 - 34. Acceleration If the formula describing the...Ch. 9.8 - 35. Revenue The revenue (in dollars) from the sale...Ch. 9.8 - 36. Revenue Suppose that the revenue (in dollars)...Ch. 9.8 - 37. Sensitivity When medicine is administered,...Ch. 9.8 - 38. Photosynthesis The amount of photosynthesis...Ch. 9.8 - 39. Revenue The revenue (in thousands of dollars)...Ch. 9.8 - 40. Advertising and sales The sales of a product S...Ch. 9.8 - 41. Advertising and sales The daily sales S (in...Ch. 9.8 - 42. Advertising and sales A product with a large...Ch. 9.8 - 43. Average annual wage Using Social Security...Ch. 9.8 - 44. Demographics The makeup of various groups...Ch. 9.8 - 47. Income by age The median income, in thousands...Ch. 9.9 - Suppose the total cost function for a commodity is...Ch. 9.9 - Suppose the total cost function for a commodity is...Ch. 9.9 - Suppose the total cost function for a commodity is...Ch. 9.9 - Suppose the total cost function for a commodity is...Ch. 9.9 - Suppose the total cost function for a commodity is...Ch. 9.9 - If the total profit function for a product is ,...Ch. 9.9 - If the total profit function for a product is ,...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 1-8, total revenue is in dollars and x...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 1-8, total revenue is in dollars and x...Ch. 9.9 - MARGINAL REVENUE, COST, AND PROFIT In Problems...Ch. 9.9 - MARGINAL REVENUE, COST, AND PROFIT In Problems...Ch. 9.9 - MARGINAL REVENUE, COST, AND PROFIT In Problems...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 1-8, total revenue is in dollars and x...Ch. 9.9 - MARGINAL REVENUE, COST, AND PROFIT In Problems...Ch. 9.9 - MARGINAL REVENUE, COST, AND PROFIT In Problems...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 9-16, cost is in dollars and x is the...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 9-16, cost is in dollars and x is the...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 9-16, cost is in dollars and x is the...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 9-16, cost is in dollars and x is the...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 9-16, cost is in dollars and x is the...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 9-16, cost is in dollars and x is the...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 9-16, cost is in dollars and x is the...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 9-16, cost is in dollars and x is the...Ch. 9.9 - 17. Suppose that the cost function for a commodity...Ch. 9.9 - Suppose that the cost function for a commodity is...Ch. 9.9 - 19. If the cost function for a commodity is ...Ch. 9.9 - 20. If the cost function for a commodity is ...Ch. 9.9 - 21. If the cost function for a commodity is graph...Ch. 9.9 - 22. If the cost function for a commodity is graph...Ch. 9.9 - In each of Problems 23 and 24, the graph of a...Ch. 9.9 - In each of Problems 23 and 24, the graph of a...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 25-28, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 25-28, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 25-28, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9.9 - In Problems 25-28, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9.9 - In each of Problems 29 and 30, the graphs of a...Ch. 9.9 - In each of Problems 29 and 30, the graphs of a...Ch. 9.9 - In each of Problems 31 and 32, the graph of a...Ch. 9.9 - In each of Problems 31 and 32, the graph of a...Ch. 9.9 - 33. (a) Graph the marginal profit function for the...Ch. 9.9 - 34. (a) Graph the marginal profit function for the...Ch. 9.9 - 35. The price of a product in a competitive market...Ch. 9.9 - 36. The cost per unit of producing a product is ...Ch. 9.9 - 37. If the daily cost per unit of producing a...Ch. 9.9 - 38. The Mary Ellen Candy Company produces...Ch. 9 - In Problems 1-6, use the graph of in Figure 9.40...Ch. 9 - In Problems 1-6, use the graph of in Figure 9.40...Ch. 9 - In Problems 1-6, use the graph of y=f(x) in Figure...Ch. 9 - In Problems 1-6, use the graph of in Figure 9.40...Ch. 9 - In Problems 1-6, use the graph of in Figure 9.40...Ch. 9 - In Problems 1-6, use the graph of in Figure 9.40...Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - ssIn Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it...Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it exists. Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it...Ch. 9 - In Problems 7-20, find each limit, if it...Ch. 9 - In Problems 21 and 22, use tables to investigate...Ch. 9 - In Problems 21 and 22, use tables to investigate...Ch. 9 - Use the graph of y = f(x) in Figure 9.40 to answer...Ch. 9 - Use the graph of y = f(x) in Figure 9.40 to answer...Ch. 9 - In Problems 25-30, suppose that 25. What is ? Ch. 9 - In Problems 25-30, suppose that 26. What is if...Ch. 9 - In Problems 25-30, suppose that 27. What is if...Ch. 9 - In Problems 25-30, suppose that 29. Is ...Ch. 9 - In Problems 25-30, suppose that 29. Is ...Ch. 9 - In Problems 25-30, suppose that 30. Is ...Ch. 9 - For the functions in Problems 31-34, determine...Ch. 9 - For the functions in Problems 31-34, determine...Ch. 9 - For the functions in Problems 31-34, determine...Ch. 9 - For the functions in Problems 31-34, determine...Ch. 9 - In Problems 35 and 36, use the graphs to find (a)...Ch. 9 - In Problems 35 and 36, use the graphs to find (a)...Ch. 9 - In Problems 37 and 38, evaluate the limits, if...Ch. 9 - In Problems 37 and 38, evaluate the limits, if...Ch. 9 - 39. Find the average rate of change of Ch. 9 - In Problems 40 and 41, decide whether the...Ch. 9 - In Problems 40 and 41, decide whether the...Ch. 9 - 42. Use the definition of derivative to find . Ch. 9 - 43. Use the definition of derivative to find . Ch. 9 - Use the graph of y = f(x) in Figure 9.40 on the...Ch. 9 - Use the graph of y = f(x) in Figure 9.40 on the...Ch. 9 - Use the graph of y = f(x) in Figure 9.40 on the...Ch. 9 - 47. Let . Approximate f'(2) (a) by using the...Ch. 9 - 48. Use the given table of values for g(x) to (a)...Ch. 9 - Use the following graph of f(x) to complete...Ch. 9 - Use the following graph of f(x) to complete...Ch. 9 - 51. If Ch. 9 - 52. If Ch. 9 - 53. If Ch. 9 - 54. If Ch. 9 - 55. If Ch. 9 - 56. If Ch. 9 - 57. If find y'. Ch. 9 - 58. If ,find . Ch. 9 - 59. Write the equation of the line tangent to the...Ch. 9 - 60. Write the equation of the line tangent to the...Ch. 9 - In Problems 61 and 62, (a) find all x-values...Ch. 9 - In Problems 61 and 62, (a) find all x-values...Ch. 9 - 63. If Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - . Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - 74. Find S' if S = Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - Ch. 9 - In Problems 79 and 80, find the second...Ch. 9 - In Problems 79 and 80, find the second...Ch. 9 - In Problems 81 and 82, find the fifth...Ch. 9 - In Problems 81 and 82, find the fifth...Ch. 9 - 83. If . Ch. 9 - 84. If , find . Ch. 9 - Cost, revenue, and profit In Problems 85-88,...Ch. 9 - Cost, revenue, and profit In Problems 85-88,...Ch. 9 - Cost, revenue, and profit In Problems 85-88,...Ch. 9 - Cost, revenue, and profit In Problems 85-88,...Ch. 9 - Elderly in the workforce The graph shows the...Ch. 9 - Elderly in the workforce The graph shows the...Ch. 9 - 91. Demand Suppose that the demand for x units of...Ch. 9 - 92. Severe weather ice makers Thunderstorms severe...Ch. 9 - 93. Revenue The graph shows the revenue function...Ch. 9 - 94. Revenue In a 100-unit apartment building when...Ch. 9 - 95. Productivity Suppose the productivity of a...Ch. 9 - 96. Demand The demand q for a product at price p...Ch. 9 - 97. Supply The number of units x of a product that...Ch. 9 - 98. Acceleration Suppose an object moves so that...Ch. 9 - 99. Profit Suppose a company's profit (in dollars)...Ch. 9 - In Problems 100-107, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9 - In Problems 100-107, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9 - In Problems 100-107, cost, revenue, and profit...Ch. 9 - In Problems 100-107, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9 - In Problems 100-107, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9 - In Problems 100-107, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9 - In Problems 100-107, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9 - In Problems 100-107, cost, revenue, and profit are...Ch. 9 - 108. Cost, revenue, and profit The graph shows the...Ch. 9 - Evaluate the following limits, if they exist. Use...Ch. 9 - 5. (a) Write the limit definition for . (b) Use...Ch. 9 - 6. Let Identify all x-values where is not...Ch. 9 - Use derivative formulas to find the derivative of...Ch. 9 - 14. Find . Ch. 9 - 15. Let . (a) Write the equation of the line...Ch. 9 - 16. Find the average rate of change of over...Ch. 9 - 18. Use the definition of continuity to...Ch. 9 - In Problems 19 and 20, suppose a company has its...Ch. 9 - In Problems 19 and 20, suppose a company has its...Ch. 9 - 21. Suppose that is a differentiable function. Use...Ch. 9 - 22. Use the graph to perform the evaluations...Ch. 9 - 23. Given that the line is tangent to the...
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What is Yarn in Textile?
In textile industry, yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres which is suitable for using in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery and rope making.
If we broadly classify from the state of fibers, which from the yarn, we find that there is yarn of continuous fiber, which is made by putting together the long fibers such as raw silk, rayon and synthetic fibers etc.
The second variety is the yarn of discontinuous fiber, in which short fibers like cotton, wool, hemp and staple fiber etc. are arranged in parallel state and bound together by giving twists. In case of the former one, the form of long fiber itself is the yarn. But, in case of the latter one, the operation of binding together short fibers is required. This operation is known as spinning and the yarn, which is made through this operation, is termed as spun yarn.
According to the fiber variety, spinning can be divided into cotton spinning, wool spinning, hemp spinning, silk spinning and staple fiber spinning etc. however, the basic theory of spinning is same for all. The only difference is that different machines, which would suit the properties of the particular fibers, are used.
Depending on its variety of raw material, the yarn comprises varieties like raw silk yarn, silk yarn, rayon yarn, synthetic yarn, cotton yarn, woolen yarn, hemp yarn, spun silk yarn and staple fiber yarn etc.
The yarn, which is spun by mixing together more than two varieties of fibers is termed as mixed spun yarn. The yarn, which is made by twisting together more than two yarns of different raw materials, is termed as mixed ply yarn or composite yarn.
The single spun yarn is known as single yarn. When two of these are twisted, it is known as twin ply yarn or double yarn. For example, the yarn having the twists of two single yarns of 20 counts is termed as 20 no. twin ply yarn and it is shown in writing as 20's/2 (mainly in case of cotton yarn) or 2/20m/m (in case of woolen yarn).
If single yarn is made into twin ply yarn, usually the strength increases 3 times. The fabrics of single yarn are soft but they have no body. The fabrics of twin ply become hard but they have body and have a clear texture. Besides the twin ply, there are 3 ply, 4 ply or multiply ply yarns made according to the requirement. Such yarns made from single yarns of 20 counts are shown in writing as 20's/3, 20's/4 or 3/20's, 4/20's etc.
Though there are some differences in yarns giving a number of twists is a normal practice. The yarn, which is given special, hard twists, is known as hard twisted yarn. The yarn with few twists is called as soft twisted yarn. But their boundaries are not specified clearly in number. For example, the yarn, having hard twists like the weft of crepe or cotton crease, is termed as hard twisted yarn.
The things like knit-work yarn etc. are known as soft twisted yarns. The knit –work yarn has very low twists in comparison to the normal spun yarn. It is made into a soft and fluffy yarn.
There are various divisions as per the usage but the greatest differences is shown by weaving yarn (yarn for woven fabrics) and the knitting yarn (yarn for knit work). Next to it are the comparatively important things like the stitching thread, embroidery thread and the lace thread etc.
The procedure of making all these differs somewhat according to their and use and each one has its own special characteristics. There is also decorative thread called as fancy yarn, used for special purposes.


Stylish tip with very gentle and comfortable curve. Suitable for most atomisers and tanks. PTFE (also known as Teflon) has great heat absorption and resistance, offers a smooth non-stick surface and feels softer on the lips than many other tip materials.
This is a fantastic drip tip, I have a lot of drip tips (some cheap and some expensive) but fancied trying Teflon. This has a great shape to it and feels very comfortable in the mouth. Air hole is perfect for me as I don't direct lung inhale a lot so didn't want anything too wide.
Great tip, very comfortable and resist heat build up really well. I was slightly worried that the white would stain inside but a prod inside with a wipe and they are good as new everytime. Will buy more for other attys.