As I write this blog article, on my desktop facing me is a lovely picture of an elephant I took while on safari. It was stood right next to the jeep and I was so petrified, I didn't want to take the picture in case the ponderous pachyderm took exception to the shutter sound. It did not. I lived to tell the tale and I have the picture as evidence.
On another occasion, I was busy filming these attractive beasts, they were so close my heart was pounding with the excitement of capturing the moment, I forgot to press the record button.
These are exhilarating experiences I won't forget, a mixture of serenity, fear and wonder – and it is something I would advise everyone do at least once in their lives. So if you've ever wanted to see these amazing animals up close and personal – here are my top places for elephant spotting.
1. Thailand is a stunning country, I think you'll agree. Sublime cuisine, culture experiences at every twist and turn, laidback locals and some of the most wonderful scenery this writer has ever spent time in. It's a country that deserves to be explored from top to bottom and not just the glorious islands.
One such place is found in the northern wilderness jungles above Chiang Mai. Here you'll find the Thai Elephant Care Centre, a place of sanctuary for elderly elephants to live out their days in peace and harmony, lovingly cared for by this sanctuary and the Asian Elephant Foundation. There's plenty to keep you occupied here; you can volunteer to learn to make grinded grass to feed the elephants and also, under guidance, you can help bathe them too. These are life-changing, emotional encounters, where you can be a small but essential part of this inspiring programme to preserve the welfare of elephants in Northern Thailand.
2. Also in Thailand, but in somewhat more comfortable surroundings is the Anantara Golden Triangle Resort, a five star award-winning resort with onsite elephant camp set up in 2003 to provide a home for rescued elephants, and they have excelled in doing so.
Not only do these graceful creatures roam throughout the rugged hill country near the border of Laos and Myanmar, but the resort also offers mahout courses, and other conservation-related activities. If you want to get involved with the animals amid the luxury of a five star resort, this will be the place for you.
Yet, if that weren't enough to tempt your average Thailand enthusiast to book a guest suite here immediately, Anantara Golden Triangle Resort all inclusive deal also includes a Thai cookery class, a 90 minute spa treatment, a Golden Triangle excursion and an Elephant Camp experience in one amazing package. Face it, you probably won't want to leave this place will you?
3. Leaving the north, and heading into Southern Thailand and Khao Sok National Park should really top your Thailand travel wish-list. The landscape here, with so many people drawn to the beaches, you'll mostly have this spectacular region to yourself, plus it is so stunning it will melt hearts.
Another reason to visit this inland place of beauty is the Elephant Hills Jungle Safari – Luxury Tented Camp; a stunning little boutique resort tucked away by forest-clad limestone cliffs. Here, you'll be greeted by the familiar rumble in the jungle that signifies the close proximity of elephants.
Not only is there plenty of elephant interaction here, but the resort also offers exciting wildlife tours into the jungles by canoe and trekking through forests on foot to spot cheeky monkeys and colourful birdlife, plus there's the Rainforest Floating Camp to tempt you to swim on the emerald waters of the lake after your enthralling animal encounters.
4.Botswana is a country of incredible biodiversity and no experience typifies this more than a breathtaking Belmond Luxury Fly-In Safari. The best way to witness this vast landscape is to fly-in by light aircraft until you arrive at Chobe National Park.
Here, prepare yourself to see one of the highest concentrations of elephants to be found anywhere on the planet. You'll arrive at your camp on the banks of the Savute Channel, a dry river bank region that is famed for its lions and herds of elephants (up to forty or so in number).
If you desire more wildlife then continue your African adventure safari adventure further into the Okavango Delta. Expect to see more African Bush Elephants, cheetah, leopards, giraffe, white and black rhinoceros, zebra, hyena, wildebeest, crocodiles and springboks galore.
5. Wish to see elephants roaming by your resort? Head to Kenya and the Elephant Bedroom Camp Fly-In Safari located on the banks of the Ewaso Nyiro River in Samburu National Park. Sleeping in luxury safari tents equipped with all modern conveniences, you'll be thrilled by the wildlife you spot on game drives, including reticulated giraffe, Grevy's zebra, Beisa oryx and the long-necked gerenuk antelope.
But possibly the greatest animal encounters you'll experience will be overlooking your camp perched on the river that plays hosts to many animals who visit the area and even cross the river. Elephants, monkey and impalas are regular visitors, dropping by when least expected, sending you scurrying for your camera.
This boutique camp offers luxurious and comfortable accommodation with unparalleled service and fine cuisine within a natural, wild environment. Dinners under the stars complete the enigmatic experience – and of course, those elephants, bellowing away in the night, will be your constant companions.
6. India has a long association with the elephant, present in almost every aspect of their society from kaleidoscopic parades to fashionable weddings. These sacred animals are said to symbolise good luck and prosperity, which is why they are present at so many public ceremonies and events.
If you're planning a visit to India and wish to get a glimpse of these beautiful beasts, chances are you'll pass them as you journey through the countryside and towns, villages, and cities. For a prime view, however, I suggest you combine your India wish-list with that other great adventure, a Kerala Houseboat Tour.
Your journey will take you by the peaceful backwaters of Kerala through serene countryside, tea plantations and also to visit the dense forests of Periyar National Park where elephants and other animals roam wild by the banks of the lake. In a country of constant surprises, add elephant encounters to a growing list of amazing experiences.
7. You'll want to visit Sri Lanka for many reasons. Let's see, the food is absolutely divine, prepare to put on weight here, the people are talkative and good-humoured, the history and heritage is both fascinating and spiritually uplifting – plus the scenery, from tea plantation to golden sand beaches is the stuff of holiday dreams.
When you factor in the amazing wildlife encounters, you realise that Sri Lanka is a country that offers so much on so many different levels – and of course, there are elephants here, lots and lots of elephants.
I suggest you head over to Udawalawe National Park, take one of their incredible safari tours to spot leopards, buffalo, Ceylon Spotted Deer, Crested Serpent Eagles, and Mugger Crocodiles. And of course elephants – you'll find herds roaming free across the landscape here.
Wherever you travel to see elephants I really do hope you'll be as transfixed and touched as I was by the experience – but whatever you do, don't forget to press record on your camera. For more amazing animal encounters check out our safari holiday pages or visit our holiday types pages for further inspiration.


Take the East-West Tollway (I-88) east. Follow signs to the Eisenhower Expressway (I-290) east to Chicago. Exit at First Avenue. Turn right at the stop light. Go straight through the Roosevelt Road intersection and watch for the blue hospital sign on the right.
Take the Tri-State Tollway (I-294) or the Eisenhower Expressway (I-290) south. Follow signs for I-290 east to Chicago. Exit at First Avenue. Turn right at the stop light. Go straight through the Roosevelt Road intersection and watch for the blue hospital sign on the right.
Take the Eisenhower Expressway (I-290) west. Exit at First Avenue. Turn left at the stop light. Go straight through the next stop light. Go straight through the Roosevelt Road intersection and watch for the blue hospital sign on the right.
Take the Tri-State Tollway (I-294) north. Follow signs to the Eisenhower Expressway (I-290) east to Chicago. Exit at First Avenue. Turn right at the stop light. Go straight through the Roosevelt Road intersection and watch for the blue hospital sign on the right.


Islamabad, Federal Directorate of Education will commence FDE primary class annual scholarships exams 2018 from 07 February 2018 and FDE scholarships primary class annual exams 2018 date sheet is issued online. The aspirants will find FBISE Islamabad grade V date sheet 2018 is shows the date and time of all papers. Federal Board scholarships grade 5 last paper will be conducted on 23 February 2018. FBISE primary class papers will be conducted from 09:00 am to 12:00 pm. FDE class V paper for scholarships will be conducted in the morning session and the students will ensure their attendance in their relevant papers.
Click Here To Download Datesheet.


text:
Bedford Student's Acorda Scientific Excellence Award Tops Week's News
06/22/2014 5:00 a.m.
See the stories that topped the news in Bedford this week. Photo Credit:
BEDFORD, N.Y. - Here are some of the stories that topped the news in Bedford last week:
Denisse Gayosso-Lucano, a student at Fox Lane High School, recently received the Acorda Scientific Excellence Award for her research paper and scientific work on the effects of urbanization on the genetic diversity of red oak trees in the northeastern United States.
A fired Fox Lane High School English teacher who wondered about government-involved conspiracies is suing to overturn a hearing officer's disciplinary ruling that triggered his dismissal.
Gov. Andrew Cuomo recently announced a highway safety improvement program that will distribute $75.6 million for road improvements throughout the state, including $2 million for a project in Mount Kisco.
CBRE report shows both confidence and softness in 2Q office m...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


bf2 patch 1.41 error - Network Solutions, Inc.
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Momo Racing! Worth a shot, thats how I get my widecsreen res atleast. I have both the Deluxe version of BF2 with the Special Forces addon on CD, and a different standard copy of BF2 also on CD. Thanks again Go to the top of the page RD[FIN] V.I.P.
then install the game as you normaly would and it should install the patch just fine. Solacefire View Public Profile Find More Posts by Solacefire Moderation Options for Solacefire View Solacefire's IP Address « Previous Thread | Next Thread » Tags 141, battlefield, patch, problem, problems, update Please use the registration form, to register here or read more information about the registration process. GoofTroop, May 26, 2007 #6 MadRussian Thread Starter Joined: Jan 18, 2007 Messages: 9 it takes at least 2 to 3 minutes to start because it is a big file.
pdawg17 Radeon Tweaking, Modding, and Overclocking 2 Apr 16, 2002 11:56 PM All times are GMT -5. go here: http://www.realitymod.com/forum/f27-...f2-v1-5-a.html 2. Posts: 2,376 Awards: 3 / 24 Thanks: 1 / 27 5 07.04.2010, 11:23 Good to hear you got it working. If you are running Vista / win 7, Are you trying to install it with sufficient administrative rights?
now your ready for your crisp clean brand new 1.41 patch from none other than the www.fileplanet.com website. All works fine! I hate this case it's **** Input DevicesLogitech Momo, 360 Controller, TrackIR Operating SystemWindows 7 Professional Extra Info3D Vision x2! I then got my widescreen monitor which runs at 1440x900 & had to change the resolution manually without actually going into the game.
OK. Please try again later. To set a non-standard resolution see the Advanced Tweaking section. Go to the top of the page -g00se.89.
Posts: 2,376 Awards: 3 / 24 Thanks: 1 / 27 3 06.04.2010, 08:24 Just to answer on the SF part... and make sure u uninstall the game and get rid of any left over files then reinstall again. Loading... If you or anybody else has an idea of what could be the problem then I'd appreciate knowing, thanks again.
Winos 62,605 views 7:39 Battlefield 4 SR 338 Review: The Worst Gun. - Duration: 9:19. hey all i play as [TXC]Reaper on BF2 and i had 2 format my HDD the other day but when i tryed 2 put BF2 back on it would get 2 HELP!!!! dont think u have to pay to download from there either.
in Off the Servers... 10-01-16, 04:41 PM Everywhere sidebar 1.5.3 Privacy Advertise TeamPlayerGaming.com Archive Top Powered by vBulletin Version 4.2.3 Copyright © 2016 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. Yep, that's done & just to make sure I also tried completely closing Zone Alarm & turning off Windows Firewall but still the same problem. mizzer View Public Profile Find More Posts by mizzer mizzer's System Specs MotherboardEVGA SLI 3X Classified CPUCore i7 920 D0 GraphicsGigabyte GTX 670 Memory6GB Corsair Dominator Cooling SolutionCoolerMaster Hyper 212+ DisplayDell Restart comp.3.
The rest is for my resolution, prolly still wont work tho, but hey there it is. download and run the 1.5 patch. [R-COM]LITOralis.nMd View Public Profile Find More Posts by [R-COM]LITOralis.nMd Moderation Options for [R-COM]LITOralis.nMd View [R-COM]LITOralis.nMd's IP Address 08-31-2013, 12:08 AM #3 Solacefire Join Date: Login Remember me? Are you looking for the solution to your computer problem?
Page 1 of 2 1 2 Next > Advertisement MadRussian Thread Starter Joined: Jan 18, 2007 Messages: 9 well i have had this problem for over 2 weeks now, and no America's Army 3 - Discussion America's Army 3 - Tactic Forum America's Army 3 - Support Forum ..:: America's Army 4.0 Forums ::.. If you're new to Tech Support Guy, we highly recommend that you visit our Guide for New Members. I reinstalled the game and then got the patches via EA LINK.
Stay logged in Sign up now! I'm pretty sure it's got something to do with the resolution as I remember having this problem before when I bought my new monitor. Worth a shot, thats how I get my widecsreen res atleast. __________________ you jump out of that plane and that parachute doesnt open, the helmet is now wearing YOU for protection. and explain what you tried and whats happening.
I tried changing all my resolution/refresh settings to [emailprotected] which is what my monitor is running at, but the same problem happens. Then you can reapply any refresh rate override and the game will launch without any problems. bradman5505 1,339 views 3:19 Instalar BattleField2 mais os patch 1.4 e 1.5 - Duration: 10:04. Advertisement Autoplay When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next.


The triangulation technique is an ancient yet very accurate way of measuring distance.
In a high quality laser sensor, a CCD-camera is used to record the emitted laser light. The way to illustrate this measuring principle is to follow a ray tracing from the laser optics to the target, and back to the CCD-camera.


Please note that our office is closed from Friday 19th April until Monday 22th April. We will be back on Tuesday 23th April.
We wish you all happy Easter Days.
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text:
Posthumously Personal
By Lajwanti S Khemlani & Sunil K Poolani
Bombay Tiger
Kamala Markandaya
Price: 495; Pages: 327
Bombay Tiger, published posthumously, is the effervescent and mysterious Kamala Markandaya's eleventh and last novel. Markandaya's life was something that you would come across in fable books. An unassuming Brahmin lady from a small town like Mysore, venturing into a new-fangled wide western world at around the time of India's Independence is something dazzling.
To put it briefly, after her small stints in India, she moved on to London in 1948 to be in journalism at a time when, save a Mulk Raj Anand or two, nobody made a mark in that arena. She might have been failure in whatever she did. Life. Marriage. Journalism. Literary pursuits. But her outstanding novels like Nectar in the Sieve and A Handful of Rice, though inconsequential by today's standards, are still path-breaking literature. And that these two books are still taught in universities in India and abroad still amuses one.
Now, coming to the present volume, had Bombay Tiger been published during the author's lifetime, it might have read differently, and been considerably shorter. Set in the l980s, the novel is about the rise, fall and the ultimate redemption of Ganguli, the protagonist.
Having lost his inheritance at an earlier age, Ganguli leaves his village for Bombay save but a recommendation letter and ruthless ambition. In the city of 'dreams', he eventually turns out to be a big-time industrialist. Ganguli always knew what he wanted and how to get it. But being a mere mortal, even he could not control his love — and losses.
In certain ways, he is no different than his classmate Rao, who too migrated to Bombay but became a financier. Rao is jealous of Ganguli's astounding success. And this has always been a sore point with Rao, no different to others who are competitive and hate one's guts. Rao's aspirations and his family are also more ordinary. The two have always disliked each other, but have maintained a relationship of sorts; both are busy-bees, but it is Ganguli who is sentimental and a larger-than-life figure. It is he who loves anything and anyone passionately, suffers losses more tragically and is bullish in appearance akin to his personality.
Rao is leaner, softer in several ways; he spends lots of time and effort plotting ruin of the business magnet, rather than making even a miniscule attempt to understanding his only offspring.
As life may have, when the business giant falls, others follow suit. Storm-ripples are felt by Rao and his family. They, too, cannot escape their harsh destiny. It is the dramatic loss of their children that shakes them to the core of their beings. This abruptly pulls the rug from under Ganguli's feet and brings him, bang, crashing down. Rao does mourn his son's death, though he was never emotionally nearer to him. Yet, the tragic event alters his veritable existence. He can now let go of his all-consuming hatred for Ganguli.
Some characters, important nevertheless, show up towards the end, which is a back draw. Markandaya should have introduced more of Ganguli's private love life earlier in the story, to give the readers more of a picture of his sexual sexapades — Ganguli, the man, rather than a mere businessman.
This literary pursuit portrays Indian life quite accurately, especially where issues like abortion are concerned, though the author migrated to England before Nehruvian socialism started. It is vivid that Markandaya wrote for a foreign audience in mind.
Bombay Tiger would have grabbed my attention had it been tighter and shorter; it tends to wander off the main character in many places. The pace of the novel slows down towards the middle, and, ahem, suddenly picks up in the last 20-to-30 pages. So, folks, Bombay Tiger does not have anything novel to offer. Buy it if you can afford it. Amen.
-- Deccan Herald / 31 August 2008
Posted by Frog Books at 10:43 AM No comments:


text:
Q: Multiple Facebook Connect I'm building a website photo contest and it has two registration forms on the same page, one for the models and another for users who will vote.
do I have problems if I integrate facebook connect to each form?
I really need two forms because the registry for models allows to upload photos, fill in details and so on.

A: It is generally not a great idea, nor necessary, to have two apps for the same product/site. You can easily just use one app integration for both features - only asking for the extra permissions and data when the user tries to do something which requires them.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
How to Test The Insulation Level of Diesel Generator Sets
In electrical equipment such as generators, insulating materials are the weakest link and are often susceptible to high temperature and accelerated aging. By conducting insulation level test on the diesel generator set and judging whether the insulation performance meets the equipment requirements, it can greatly avoid the leakage or short circuit accident caused by the aging of the insulation material. So how do you test the insulation level of a diesel generator set?
Read More+ Nov. 07, 2018
Maintenance for Generator Power Distribution Cabinet
Power distribution cabinet is an indispensable part of diesel generator set. During the operation of the diesel genset, it is inevitable that it will cause certain wear and tear to the distribution cabinet.
Instructions to Correctly Shut Down Diesel Generator Set
Proper operation of diesel generator set shut down is one of the effective measures to prevent the occurrence of faults, and has direct protection for extending its service life. Let us introduce the correct shutdown operation method of diesel generator set.
Reasons and Solutions for Diesel Generator Set Vibration
The structure of the generator contains both electrical and mechanical parts, which can also be said to be a combination of mechanical and electrical. Therefore, its failure is divided into two analysis. The cause of the vibration fault of the generator is also divided into two parts. In general, generator vibration is caused unbalanced, electromagnetic or mechanical failure of the rotating part.
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The Reasons For The ... Jan. 19, 2022
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text:
package org.springframework.core.task;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

import org.springframework.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;

/**
 * Extended interface for asynchronous {@link TaskExecutor} implementations,
 * offering support for {@link java.util.concurrent.Callable}.
 *
 *
Note: The {@link java.util.concurrent.Executors} class includes a set of
 * methods that can convert some other common closure-like objects, for example,
 * {@link java.security.PrivilegedAction} to {@link Callable} before executing them.
 *
 *
Implementing this interface also indicates that the {@link #execute(Runnable)}
 * method will not execute its Runnable in the caller's thread but rather
 * asynchronously in some other thread.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 2.0.3
 * @see SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor
 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.SchedulingTaskExecutor
 * @see java.util.concurrent.Callable
 * @see java.util.concurrent.Executors
 */
public interface AsyncTaskExecutor extends TaskExecutor {

	/**
	 * Constant that indicates immediate execution.
	 * @deprecated as of 5.3.16 along with {@link #execute(Runnable, long)}
	 */
	@Deprecated
	long TIMEOUT_IMMEDIATE = 0;

	/**
	 * Constant that indicates no time limit.
	 * @deprecated as of 5.3.16 along with {@link #execute(Runnable, long)}
	 */
	@Deprecated
	long TIMEOUT_INDEFINITE = Long.MAX_VALUE;

	/**
	 * Execute the given {@code task}.
	 * @param task the {@code Runnable} to execute (never {@code null})
	 * @param startTimeout the time duration (milliseconds) within which the task is
	 * supposed to start. This is intended as a hint to the executor, allowing for
	 * preferred handling of immediate tasks. Typical values are {@link #TIMEOUT_IMMEDIATE}
	 * or {@link #TIMEOUT_INDEFINITE} (the default as used by {@link #execute(Runnable)}).
	 * @throws TaskTimeoutException in case of the task being rejected because
	 * of the timeout (i.e. it cannot be started in time)
	 * @throws TaskRejectedException if the given task was not accepted
	 * @see #execute(Runnable)
	 * @deprecated as of 5.3.16 since the common executors do not support start timeouts
	 */
	@Deprecated
	void execute(Runnable task, long startTimeout);

	/**
	 * Submit a Runnable task for execution, receiving a Future representing that task.
	 * The Future will return a {@code null} result upon completion.
	 * @param task the {@code Runnable} to execute (never {@code null})
	 * @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
	 * @throws TaskRejectedException if the given task was not accepted
	 * @since 3.0
	 */
	Future<?> submit(Runnable task);

	/**
	 * Submit a Callable task for execution, receiving a Future representing that task.
	 * The Future will return the Callable's result upon completion.
	 * @param task the {@code Callable} to execute (never {@code null})
	 * @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
	 * @throws TaskRejectedException if the given task was not accepted
	 * @since 3.0
	 */
	<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);

	/**
	 * Submit a {@code Runnable} task for execution, receiving a {@code CompletableFuture}
	 * representing that task. The Future will return a {@code null} result upon completion.
	 * @param task the {@code Runnable} to execute (never {@code null})
	 * @return a {@code CompletableFuture} representing pending completion of the task
	 * @throws TaskRejectedException if the given task was not accepted
	 * @since 6.0
	 */
	default CompletableFuture<Void> submitCompletable(Runnable task) {
		return CompletableFuture.runAsync(task, this);
	}

	/**
	 * Submit a {@code Callable} task for execution, receiving a {@code CompletableFuture}
	 * representing that task. The Future will return the Callable's result upon
	 * completion.
	 * @param task the {@code Callable} to execute (never {@code null})
	 * @return a {@code CompletableFuture} representing pending completion of the task
	 * @throws TaskRejectedException if the given task was not accepted
	 * @since 6.0
	 */
	default <T> CompletableFuture<T> submitCompletable(Callable<T> task) {
		return FutureUtils.callAsync(task, this);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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CISO Centre
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Cybermoney
Who Secures…
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Bank of England to publish new cyber standards by summer to protect financial system under "almost constant attack"
Best Practice, Europe, Finance, Regulation April 10, 2018August 23, 2018 Simon Brady
Britain's financial system is "under almost constant cyber attack" according to a top Bank of England official, with the regulator planning to introduce new standards for financial firms' computer security.
Sam Woods, a deputy governor at the Bank, said the the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), which he heads, will publish new standards expected of firms.
The new standards could be published before the end of the first half of the year, although the timing has not been finalised.
Writing in the PRA's business plan for the next year, Woods said that "setting out clearly the level of operational resilience we expect of firms and how we will make sure it is delivered is a top priority for the PRA", alongside preparations for leaving the EU. The business plan also provided for the reallocation of resources from "lower risk supervisory activity" to the Brexit preparations.
The UK's biggest banks, such as Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds, and Barclays, are already subject to heightened cyber resilience requirements, particularly with regard to financial risks; the Bank of England will run another cyber resilience test this year.
However, the watchdog believes more needs to be done. Woods added that "nowhere in the world is there an overarching prudential standard for operational resilience".
The new standards for banks, insurers and investment firms will increase the PRA's scrutiny of cyber risks associated with information technology systems, outsourcing, and data outages.
Woods also added that open banking regulations, new this year, "will pose further challenges to existing technologies", with firms forced to open up their customer data to third parties as long as customers consent.
In September Woods said that regulators' "emergency" response systems had been triggered six times in the previous 12 months alone, according to Reuters.
He said that the Bank will have three levels of "tolerance" of cyber risks, depending on whether a breach would threaten consumers, firm solvency, or financial stability.
Source: http://www.cityam.com/283621/bank-england-publish-new-cyber-standards-summer-protect
bank of england, cyberrisk, uk
EMEA organisations taking almost 6 months to detect attacks
UK Government releases 'Secure By Design' IoT report
Simon Brady
B2B media executive with an unusually broad and international range of experience in both the editorial and commercial aspects of publishing, social media and events. I write a range of content types on technical subjects in wholesale finance and IT and have interviewed senior figures from the public and private sector globally for many years.
UK MoD completes first-ever bug bounty exercise
"My family could be in danger": details of over 100,000 Guntrader users exposed
UK Armed Forces launch new regiment to counter 'deadly' cyberattacks
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text:
Q: I want to count the number of document for a specific field in elasticsearch. I am using sense My query in sense is:
GET testindexnew1/_search
{
   "fields": ["T","U", "UD", "UE", "gsaentity_executives","extension.viewport","extension.google-site-verification","extension.og:description"],
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        { "match": { "gsaentity_executives":  "firstname lastname" }},
        { "match": { "gsaentity_executives": "firstname2 lastname2"   }}
      ]
    }
  },
"size": 10,

  "aggs": {
    "tags": {
      "significant_terms": {
        "field": "newContent"
      }
    }
  },

  "highlight" : {
        "fields" : {
            "newContent" : {"fragment_size" : 150, "number_of_fragments" : 1}
        }
    }
}

I am using match query to match executives name "firstname lastname" and "firstname2 lastname2". Also, I am using terms aggregation to return the document count. The result I am getting looks like:
{
  "took": 31,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 1,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 6,
    "max_score": 4.021257,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "testindexnew1",
        "_type": "SearchTech",
        "_id": "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/blog",
        "_score": 4.021257,
        "fields": {
          "U": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/blog"
          ],
          "extension.google-site-verification": [
            "jP1bIfjuuyZUYfTkYc_O6ZlTHxCm07voTDcMk72Z8oQ"
          ],
          "T": [
            "Search and Big Data Insights - Search Technologies Blog"
          ],
          "UD": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/blog"
          ],
          "extension.viewport": [
            "width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"
          ],
          "gsaentity_executives": [
            "firstname lastname, firstname2 lastname2"
          ],
          "UE": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/blog"
          ],
          "extension.og:description": [
            "Search Technologies is the largest IT services company dedicated to enterprise search and big data implementation, consulting and managed Services"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "testindexnew1",
        "_type": "SearchTech",
        "_id": "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/executive-team",
        "_score": 2.0106285,
        "fields": {
          "U": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/executive-team"
          ],
          "extension.google-site-verification": [
            "jP1bIfjuuyZUYfTkYc_O6ZlTHxCm07voTDcMk72Z8oQ"
          ],
          "T": [
            "Search Technologies Executive Team"
          ],
          "UD": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/executive-team"
          ],
          "extension.viewport": [
            "width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"
          ],
          "gsaentity_executives": [
            "firstname lastname, firstname2 lastname2"
          ],
          "UE": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/executive-team"
          ],
          "extension.og:description": [
            "Our executive team is the most experienced in the search and analytics business with an average of more than 18 years experience"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "testindexnew1",
        "_type": "SearchTech",
        "_id": "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/solr-hadoop-integration",
        "_score": 1.3831896,
        "fields": {
          "U": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/solr-hadoop-integration"
          ],
          "extension.google-site-verification": [
            "jP1bIfjuuyZUYfTkYc_O6ZlTHxCm07voTDcMk72Z8oQ"
          ],
          "T": [
            "Solr | Hadoop Integration"
          ],
          "UD": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/solr-hadoop-integration"
          ],
          "extension.viewport": [
            "width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"
          ],
          "gsaentity_executives": [
            "firstname2 lastname2"
          ],
          "UE": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/solr-hadoop-integration"
          ],
          "extension.og:description": [
            "Solr is the natural choice for searching over Hadoop data. Search Technologies is the leading IT services company dedicated to implementing enterprise search and unstructured big data applications."
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "testindexnew1",
        "_type": "SearchTech",
        "_id": "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/news-adecco-improves-recruiter-efficiency-with-search",
        "_score": 1.1300961,
        "fields": {
          "U": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/news-adecco-improves-recruiter-efficiency-with-search"
          ],
          "extension.google-site-verification": [
            "jP1bIfjuuyZUYfTkYc_O6ZlTHxCm07voTDcMk72Z8oQ"
          ],
          "T": [
            "Search Technologies Helps Adecco Group Significantly Improve Recruiter Efficiency"
          ],
          "UD": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/news-adecco-improves-recruiter-efficiency-with-search"
          ],
          "extension.viewport": [
            "width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"
          ],
          "gsaentity_executives": [
            "firstname lastname"
          ],
          "UE": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/news-adecco-improves-recruiter-efficiency-with-search"
          ],
          "extension.og:description": [
            "Custom Search and Match application based on Cloudera and Solr improves Adecco's recruiters' response times and fill rates."
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "testindexnew1",
        "_type": "SearchTech",
        "_id": "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/search-big-data-videos",
        "_score": 1.1300961,
        "fields": {
          "U": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/search-big-data-videos"
          ],
          "extension.google-site-verification": [
            "jP1bIfjuuyZUYfTkYc_O6ZlTHxCm07voTDcMk72Z8oQ"
          ],
          "T": [
            "Enterprise Search & Big Data Videos"
          ],
          "UD": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/search-big-data-videos"
          ],
          "extension.viewport": [
            "width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"
          ],
          "gsaentity_executives": [
            "firstname lastname"
          ],
          "UE": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/search-big-data-videos"
          ],
          "extension.og:description": [
            "A collection of videos discussing enterprise search and big data concepts, business applications, and real-world case stories."
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "testindexnew1",
        "_type": "SearchTech",
        "_id": "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/faq",
        "_score": 1.1300961,
        "fields": {
          "U": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/faq"
          ],
          "extension.google-site-verification": [
            "jP1bIfjuuyZUYfTkYc_O6ZlTHxCm07voTDcMk72Z8oQ"
          ],
          "T": [
            "Search Technologies: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)"
          ],
          "UD": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/faq"
          ],
          "extension.viewport": [
            "width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"
          ],
          "gsaentity_executives": [
            "firstname lastname"
          ],
          "UE": [
            "http://www.searchtechnologies.com/faq"
          ],
          "extension.og:description": [
            "Search Technologies FAQ: Where did Search Technologies come from?   What are our key differentiators?  How do our customers view us?"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "tags": {
      "doc_count": 6,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "lastname",
          "doc_count": 5,
          "score": 13.055555555555557,
          "bg_count": 5
        },
        {
          "key": "firstname",
          "doc_count": 5,
          "score": 13.055555555555557,
          "bg_count": 5
        },
        {
          "key": "ceo",
          "doc_count": 5,
          "score": 13.055555555555557,
          "bg_count": 5
        },
        {
          "key": "lastname2",
          "doc_count": 3,
          "score": 7.833333333333333,
          "bg_count": 3
        },
        {
          "key": "candidates",
          "doc_count": 4,
          "score": 6.7407407407407405,
          "bg_count": 6
        },
        {
          "key": "retention",
          "doc_count": 3,
          "score": 5.75,
          "bg_count": 4
        },
        {
          "key": "firstname2",
          "doc_count": 3,
          "score": 5.75,
          "bg_count": 4
        },
        {
          "key": "known",
          "doc_count": 3,
          "score": 5.75,
          "bg_count": 4
        },
        {
          "key": "it's",
          "doc_count": 3,
          "score": 5.75,
          "bg_count": 4
        },
        {
          "key": "said",
          "doc_count": 3,
          "score": 5.75,
          "bg_count": 4
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

You can see from the results that I getting document count for lastname,firstname2,lastname2 etc separately.
 "aggregations": {
    "tags": {
      "doc_count": 6,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "lastname",
          "doc_count": 5,
          "score": 13.055555555555557,
          "bg_count": 5
        },
        {
          "key": "firstname",
          "doc_count": 5,
          "score": 13.055555555555557,
          "bg_count": 5
        },

I want my query to count the document for the whole executives name "firstname lastname", "firstname2 lastname2" etc. But I am getting document counts separately for executive first name and last name.
I'm new to ES, so I probably missed something. Thanks for your help!

A: You need a custom analyzer and a mapping similar to the following for the field to be aggregated:
{
  "settings": {
    "analysis": {
      "tokenizer": {
        "comma": {
          "type": "pattern",
          "pattern": ","
        }
      },
      "analyzer": {
        "comma": {
          "type": "custom",
          "tokenizer": "comma",
          "filter": [
            "trim"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "mappings": {
    "SearchTech": {
      "properties": {
        "gsaentity_executives": {
          "type": "string",
          "fields": {
            "comma_separated": {
              "type": "string",
              "analyzer": "comma"
            }
          }
        }

And the aggregation:
  "aggs": {
    "tags": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "gsaentity_executives.comma_separated",
        "size": 10
      }
    }
  }


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My story begins in the fall of 2008 as a university student watching utter confusion on the screen. I wanted a further understanding of what caused the sheer madness, and I was shocked at the corruption and conflict of interest that caused the financial destruction of millions, including those very close to me.
After university, I began on a trading desk in Chicago and had some amazing first-hand experiences but felt discontent.
I wanted to help people understand the inner-workings by "un-sophisticating" the methodologies for navigating financial markets and allow them to take charge of their futures.
The Macro Strategist offerings are designed to help guide both novice and expert investors through real-world principles. Volatility is like life. It comes at you fast.
How are you going to react?
Hi, I'm Chris. I founded The Macro Strategist, and I want to welcome you.
2013: As an original China bear, Chris forecasted a failure to diversify the economy would eventually lead to perpetual economic support via central bank policies.
2014: Fundamental bear of WTI oil at $77 per bbl, the target of $26 per bbl was initiated along with collateral economic damage in the U.S. and Canada.
2015: Chris was the only one on record to call for a correction in the S&P 500 and bullish on long-end bonds, which both came to fruition. In April, he foretasted a U.S. recession. There would be five sequential declines in U.S. GDP but no recession.
In October, Chris correctly forecasted deterioration in high-yield credit and predicted the S&P 500 would follow. What followed was the worst start of the year for U.S. equities ever.
2016: Aside from remaining bullish on U.S. bonds, the addition of gold and silver were added as a tactical play on safe-haven money flows.
In August, the obvious divergence of U.S. monetary policy from the rest of the world was beginning, the move into the U.S. dollar was made with the implicit action to roll-off and go bullish on gold.
Structurally bearish on Turkey, the lira and its dollar-denominated debt.
2017: Bearish on the U.S. dollar via widening fiscal deficits, rate of change in macro data, particularly consumer prices and inflation expectations and drainage in extreme net-long positioning.
Reiteration on the bearish outlook on Turkey and the addition of Brazilian real (DEC) would occur.
2018: Chris was the only one to begin the secular bull case of the U.S. dollar in February and March, which coincided with a bear call on gold.
The Federal Reserve's continued policy divergence, collapsing yield curve and breakout of dollar funding rates and real yields would be the supportive case.
On January 28, Chris warned of the stark divergence in the short-volatility ETF XIV with broader equity markets and the potential of a negative-feed back loop were short-volatility holders would actively sell SPX futures as a hedge.
Days later, the XIV would lose 90 percent in a signal day causing the VIX to hit 50 (from 12.50 three days prior). The S&P 500 sold off nearly 12 percent.
Supportive of sectors that outperform during flattening 10s/2s yield curve, such as utilities, healthcare, consumer staples and REITs.
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text:
'Making a Murderer' Attorney Dean Strang Talks Steven Avery and Watching Himself on TV
By Ana Maria Defillo
As 2015 came to a close, the internet found itself unexpectedly drawn to a calm, mild-mannered, 55-year-old defense attorney from Wisconsin. Dean Strang isn't the typical persona to garner worldwide media focus. But once you've seen Netflix's 10-part docuseries Making a Murderer, it is clear to see why he's garnered such attention.
Making a Murderer tells the story of Steven Avery, a Manitowoc County resident who was exonerated of a 1985 sexual assault conviction in 2003, only to be subsequently accused — and ultimately convicted of — murdering a different woman in 2005. Strang, alongside Jerry Buting, is one of Avery's criminal defense attorneys, and his perspective serves as the standard of morality throughout the series. While watching such a perverse use of government power unfold, Strang's observations remind the audience that the criminal justice system is a human endeavor, and by nature flawed and prone to mistakes.
Strang was a pleasant reminder that highly intelligent, passionate and truly genuine people still exist within the system. Mic spoke via telephone to the man who, despite working for more than 30 years in what he thinks is a corrupt system, manages to stay hopeful for its reform.
Mic: Throughout the documentary, I was very impressed by how you and Jerry were so well-composed during such an infuriating situation. Did the case have a deeper, emotional affect on you?
Dean Strang: For myself, the only way I can stay motivated is to take every client's case personally. To allow myself to participate in the pathos or fear or other emotions that the client feels and others in a case always feel. Now, you have to draw some boundaries between yourself and others, we all have to do that, all the time, but the key to remaining motivated and to believing the work you are doing is worthwhile is to allow yourself to invest emotionally.
How was it watching yourself in the series and seeing your work documented?
DS: Difficult. I don't enjoy watching myself on TV. Most people don't, I suspect. It's a case I lost, and that's hard to review in some respects, but I thought it also was an important film because it raises broader systemic questions well beyond the two cases that provide the concrete storyline in the film.
Mic/Getty Images
In the film, you talk a lot about the systemic failings in our justice system. Could you elaborate on the failings these cases demonstrated?
DS: Well, for me, these cases demonstrated the most common or nearly universal failings I perceive, at least in our criminal justice system, have haunted and hobbled the system for a very long time. And for me, some of those weaknesses that are most addressed are the demotion of value of humility on the part of judges, prosecutors, defense lawyers, law enforcement officers, probations agents and others in the system in pursuing the basic work we do. We pretend with certainty when we shouldn't often, and when the related problem or the corollary problem is confronted with uncertainty, the system and the actors in it often opt for finality for its own sake. And a humility, a spirit of never being too sure that you are right, gets demoted in the hierarchy of values and finality gets promoted in the hierarchy.
To me, perverse finality often becomes the overriding value, even when the conviction's wrongful. Beyond that, outsiders learn — they can be at any given time — you can be an outsider because of your national origin or your race or your ethnicity or your socioeconomic status.
Outsiders just often don't fare well in our justice system, especially when the public is particularly excited either by fear ... or they are just excited by pervasive media coverage in a given case. The media in this country often treats trials and criminal cases as if they were blood sports.
Steven Avery in 'Making a Murderer' Netflix
How do you think the outcome of Avery's case impacted the system?
DS: I don't know. The system today hasn't done much to correct some obvious flaws in the process that led to the conviction of both men. I think in many ways, the systemic flaws are presented in starkest relief in Brendan Dassey's case, and so far the system hasn't distinguished itself well in its response.
How was it watching Dassey's case? I know you weren't a part of it, but it was presented throughout the documentary.
DS: I responded with real anguish and shame for the system in which I am a part.
In the third episode, what really struck me, and became a theme in the documentary, was when Steven responded about his chances in court with, "Poor people lose. Poor people always lose." Do you think this boiled down to a class issue?
DS: I think there was, in large measure, a simple truth in what Steven said, and part of what he is missing is that poor people often lose because it's almost exclusively poor people who are charged with crimes at all in this country. The vast majority, vast majority, of people accused in state and federal courts in this country, no matter where you are, are poor. They're impoverished. And usually impoverished in a number of different ways that don't necessarily fit the simplistic way in which we think of poverty.
Yes, they are impoverished in the sense that fewer than 10% of them can afford to hire a lawyer to defend them, but they are also often impoverished in education, they're impoverished in family support, impoverished in their ability to cope with drugs and alcohol use, they're impoverished in their fund to general knowledge, they have impoverished language skills often times. Steven's right: The poor lose all the time ... because it's the poor on whom the system subsists almost exclusively. The O.J. Simpsons stand out, not because their cases are that much more interesting, but because their economic and social circumstances are so unusual.
Morry Gash/AP
What are your thoughts on the frequent cases of police brutality towards people of color we've see in the U.S. over the past several years?
DS: This is all a piece of the same part of the problem that I am trying to describe. Institutional hubris often on the part of the police, a cultural mindset that often sees people of color or people in economically disadvantaged communities as the other — dangerous, strange, as different and as a risk. I think [it is] a system in which mistakes, including lethal mistakes by actors within the system, tend to be ratified very quickly at the expense of people outside the system and also at the expense of the very values the system professes to hold.
Are the issues brought up in Making a Murderer getting worse?
DS: I don't know that it is getting worse, but I do think it's not getting better as quickly as it could if we started asking the right questions. As someone who makes his living within the criminal justice system, I have a special duty to speak out about it and to try to speak out with some clarity. I don't have answers, but I do have ideas and other people who are smarter than I will also have ideas. We need to have a real conversation about that — not a playground brawl, not something where we are all screaming at each other accusing each other of bad things, but a real conversation that befits of democracy and in that prospects for progress emerge.
Bruce Halmo/AP
One of the things in the documentary that was very upsetting was how some of the journalists, and the media, how they sensationalized this case, and how that affected this case, and how they didn't seem to have any empathy towards the Averys.
DS: There's a sort of crassness of the one national show's reporter who tells us breathlessly that murder is hot. There's that crassness, but I think much more pervasive, and in some ways a much greater concern, is the subtlety of the language that local and national media outlets use. We are usually told about officials say this, or authorities report thus and such. ... The reality, of course, is that these are all just human beings who put on their pants one leg at a time like you and I do, who get things wrong, who get things right, who do noble things, who do ignoble things, who have biases. Some are bright; some are not so bright.
But the illusion of an impersonal institutional stability or omniscience is a much more, I think, subtle and worrisome effect that most media coverage has. In addition to the lack of empathy you are talking about, in addition to the default position of treating our adversarial justice system as if it were an adversarial sporting contest.
Is there anything you hope people will walk away with after watching the documentary?
DS: Questions. I hope they walk away with questions and the renewed resolve to have a discussion with other thoughtful people about how we try to come to better answers to those questions you see in this film. You see in Tamir Rice in Cleveland and all kinds of cases or outcomes in which we can look. But the questions that this film arises are not fundamentally questions about one county or one state or one police department or one crime. They are broader. They occur everyday across this country, in one form or another.
Whether it's police citizen encounters where an unarmed citizen ends up dead for some reason on the street, or it's inflammatory pretrial statements by prosecutors or police officers that are then echoed in the mainstream media, or whether it's legal rules being included or excluded with certain evidence ... we can look at every single institution within the collection of institutions that are supposed to administer criminal justice and see basic questions should occur to us.


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After blogging on sccmfaq.ch I finally started my own blog – blog.alschneiter.com. I'm focused on all the new and rising Microsoft Windows Client technologies. This includes stuff like, Windows 10, Configuration Manager (ConfigMgr), EMS, Office365, Azure RemoteApps, Remote Desktop Services (RDS), MDOP and much more! Just the modern workplace. Any questions to me? Feel free to contact me using this blog or twitter!
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text:
Rescue Spotlight
Rescue Partnership
How does the Gemma Rose Project support animal rescue?
by Nick | Oct 30, 2016 | Rescue Benefits | 0 comments
Update: As of 9/15/2017, we've donated over $500 to animal rescue organizations solely from your purchases! Simply from choosing to buy Gemma Rose poop bags over any others, we were able to impact the lives of many animals and raise awareness of animal rescue volunteers! Thank you!
We hold the stamp of 'Supporting Animal Rescue' on all our products in the highest regard. When you purchase a Gemma Rose product, you are directly contributing towards saving animals who are out of time and out of options. The Gemma Rose Project was founded on the simple premise to help raise awareness for animal rescue and also to become a sustainable source of financial funding for rescue organizations around the United States. We support animal rescue efforts in the following ways:
A minimum of 20% – 40% of the profit per box is donated directly to an animal rescue organization, depending on the type of purchase. On the first of every month, the Gemma Rose Project will send this donation to the animal rescue group that we have partnered with. All partnership organizations are vetted by the Gemma Rose Project and must be a registered 501c(3) organization. The first partner organization that the Gemma Rose Project is supporting via donations is Eleventh Hour Rescue in New Jersey. In the future, we plan to set up more relationships with other rescue groups and will be announcing an affiliate program and changing the purchase process so that our customers can choose which approved rescue partnership they would like the Gemma Rose Project to direct their contribution to.
The Gemma Rose Project also donates product to be sold at animal rescue fundraisers at retail price, and anywhere from 30%-100% of the total retail value is given to the rescue organization.
Aside from direct monthly donations, we take another portion of our profits and 'pledge' money to specific rescue campaigns and animals in need on social media. Follow us on Facebook to learn more!
We vow to raise awareness for animal rescue through every avenue possible. One example avenue is through our rescue spotlight section where we capture the story and award a rescue volunteer. Our own staff are boots on the ground, in the 'trenches', fighting the battle against animal abuse. It's in our DNA.
How much of Gemma Rose Project's total revenue is donated to animal rescue?
The real genuine answer to this is we don't know yet! We are testing the limits of running a sustainable business while donating as much to animal rescue efforts as possible. As we continue to develop the strategy and methodology over the coming months, we'll have a better handle on the exact percentage of our profits go to rescue efforts. We vow to be transparent with our customers every step of the way.
2019 Valentines Day Contest
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Gemma Rose Project can now be found on Dogly.com!
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Rescue Spotlight – Edition #4
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Copyright 2016, Gemma Rose Project LLC - P.O. Box 445 - Massapequa, NY 11758


Our fence banners fit on commercial construction fence elements with a size of 340x175cm. The motif of your weatherproof and robust banners will be printed on 290g/m² mesh canvas material. Mesh banners are ideal for outdoor use because of theri wind permeability. The printed banners will be manufactured standardly with eyelets for an easy mounting.
The material is certified B1 (fire protection class), so you can use it at indoor events, exhibitions and concerts. These banners are ideal for construction grounds, exhibition grounds, stage construction or as signs or in generel as a privacy and dust protection (on festival grounds, for barriers and many more).
The mesh material is also avaialable as mesh banner in custom format.
Our banners are always produced with eyelets (approx. every 50cm) and will be manufactured with a reinforced hem as standard.
The banner will be delivered rolled.
We recommend to store and transport the banner rolled (if possible). Folded transportation and storage can result in creases and wrinkles.
This can be minimized only by a smooth and tight tension on all sides by time.
Depends on solar radiation and place of installation: in average 2 years, max. 4 years. In extreme cases, e.g. installation on a flat roof 1 year.
We recommend to mount the banner with rubber hooks or expander rope, which are available as accessories in the shop. Cable ties or cords are not recommended due to lack of elasticity, eyelets may rip out.


Kookai is an Australian owned fashion label for women and is defined by an essence of allure, confidence, independent style, and femininity. Today, there are 38 boutiques throughout Australia and New Zealand. Shop Kookai online to browse the latest catalogues and weekly ads for the hottest deals on women's jackets, dresses, tops, knitwear, skirts, hosiery, jewellery, and more.
Shop online at Kookai and enjoy the luxury of home delivery. All orders are delivered by Express Post for only $10! Once your order has been placed, delivery can take up to 1-3 business days in metro areas and capital cities. Plus, once your order has reached the Australia Post Delivery Hub, you'll receive a tracking link so you can track your order.
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The article "Shab-e Yalda: A warm welcome to winter, felicitous farewell to fall" was originally posted by the Tehran Times on December 20, 2016. Kindly note that two of the images and accompanying captions do not appear in the original Tehran Times report. In addition, one of the points made by the article is disputed, and this is entered into the text for the benefit of readers.
Once again, Iranians from all walks of life and all around the globe are arranging to celebrate Shab-e Yalda (Yalda Night), which falls on December 20.
The auspicious yet thousands-year-old occasion, known as the longest and darkest night of the year, marks the last eve of autumn and the beginning of winter.
Shab-e Yalda is also called Shab-e Chelleh that literally meaning the night of the forty. One of the dominant features of the feast is Chelleh Neshini (sitting for Chelleh), a social context during which families and friends usually gather in the cozy ambiance of home of an elder such as grandparents, aunts or uncles to rejoice in warmth of one another's company.
Some opt for making phone calls to friends and close relatives or send text messages to congratulate them on this night.
Guests are served with fresh fruits and colorful Ajil (a mixture of dry fruits, seeds and nuts) in bowls. To Iranians however, the dry fruits are somehow a reminiscence of the abundance of summer and the fresh fruits are an invocation for food during winter.
A marquetry work by artist Qumars Sayyad depicts a rural Iranian family reunion celebrating the Yalda Night (Source: Tehran Times).
All food items are arranged on a spread known as Sofreh (traditional table cloth available in various materials and patterns), usually by women of the house.
Following a fresh and hot dinner, people recite poetry, narrate stories, chant, play musical instruments or just chat in the coziness of their company until midnight or so.
Of all ancient rituals, there are mostly two festivals that are unanimously celebrated by Iranians today, Yalda Night and the Persian New Year or Nowruz that means the birth of a new day.
From a wider point of view, human beings often mourn some endings and celebrate most beginnings. The Iranian nation has strong social and historical fibers to celebrate when it comes to the death of a season that gives birth to another.
Natives to the northwestern Azarbaijan region believe that eating watermelon will not let the cold of winter into their bones. Also, on this night, new brides carry gifts to brides-to-be of the family.
In Tabriz, the capital of East Azarbaijan Province, local musicians known as 'Aashigh' play traditional instruments and sing songs from ancient Persian legends on Yalda. Aashighs are local artists who play a great role in preserving oral culture and they can recite poetry spontaneously.
In the northwestern Ardabil Province, people ask the Chelleh Bozorg (first forty days of winter) to promise them to be moderate as they wish for a good winter time.
Watermelon and pomegranates as symbols of bounty are the traditional fresh fruits of this night. It is believed that eating watermelon before the arrival of winter can immunize one against cold and illness (Source: Tehran Times).
Families in the southern city of Shiraz, Fars Province, spread a Sofreh (Persian table cloth, mostly spread on the floor) which is not very different from the Persian New Year spread. They normally place a mirror and an artistic depiction of Imam Ali (AS), the first Shia Imam, on the spread. In addition to typical Yalda food items, Halva Shekari (a kind of paste made of sugar, butter and sesame seeds) and Ranginak (Persian date cakes) are also served.
In the northern province of Gilan, however, Yalda is never complete without watermelons. It is assumed that anyone who eats watermelons on this day would not be thirsty in summer and cold in winter. Aoknous is a tempting and indispensable Gilani dish on Yalda Night.
People in the southeastern Kerman Province stay up most part of the night to welcome the arrival of the legendary Gharoun (Croesus) who is believed to bring wood for poor families in the disguise of a woodcutter. The wood logs would then turn into gold and bring prosperity and luck to the house. The ritual is of course a symbolic one.
One of the oldest Yalda rituals in the western Lorestan Province was when a group of small and teenage boys would go to the rooftops of houses and throw down their bags tied to the end of a long scarf from the chimney holes. They would sing songs, wishing prosperity and happiness for the owner who would fill their bag with Yalda treats. The children would state their gratitude accordingly by singing songs of merriment.
An Iranian lady recites poetry with the Book of Hafez during the night of Yalda; note the pomegranate and melon on the table spread (Source: Public Domain).
In the villages of northeastern Khorasan Province the groom's family sends out gifts with a group of musical instrument players to the bride-to-be's house. In this province, after dinner and festivities, people read out verses from the Shahnameh, a long epic poem by illustrious Persian poet Ferdowsi.
In one of the villages of Garmsar, north-central Semnan Province, people of one family or clan get together over a meal of khorous polo (cockcrow meat and rice dish), after which they chitchat with jokes, anecdotes and short stories.
It is customary for people in the western province of Kermanshah that they stay up most of the night by eating, singing and telling stories to abide with the mother of the world in giving birth to her daughter, the sun.
Mosaic of Christ as Sol in Mausoleum M in the pre-4th-century necropolis located below the Vatican's St. Peter's Basilica (Source: Public Domain). While commonly interpreted as representing Christ, the figure is virtually identical to the pre-Christian representations of Mithra (note fluttering Iranian-style cloak on the mosaic figure).
Yalda Night is celebrated on the last day of Azar (the last month of autumn) and before the first day of Dey (the first month of winter).
Watermelon and pomegranate are amongst the most distinguished features of Yalda Night, though a few days before Yalda, the fruits' prices may soar.
Yalda, though not very common, is a female Persian name.
In ancient Iranian calendar, winter is divided into two parts, Chelleh Bozorg (the bigger forty) from 22nd of December to 30th of January and Chelleh Koochak (the smaller forty) from 30th January to 10th of March.
Narratives say that Yalda Night marks the birth of winter and the triumph of the sun as the days grow longer and colder.
Ancient Iranians assumed Naneh Sarma begins to descend on earth by Yalda Night. Literally meaning coldness grandma, Naneh Sarma is a folklore Persian character who brings in the coldness during the wintertime.


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A White Dwarf's Giant Planet
by Paul Gilster on December 6, 2019
Calling it a 'chance discovery,' the University of Warwick's Boris Gänsicke recently presented the results of his team's study of some 7,000 white dwarf stars, all of them cataloged by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. One drew particular interest because chemical elements turned up in spectroscopic studies indicating something unusual. Says Gänsicke, "We knew that there had to be something exceptional going on in this system, and speculated that it may be related to some type of planetary remnant."
And that makes the star WDJ0914+1914 an example of what a stellar system that survived, at least partially, the red giant phase of its host star might look like as a planet orbits the Earth-sized white dwarf. This work, which draws on data from the European Southern Observatory's X-shooter spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope in Chile, confirms hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur associated with the white dwarf, all found in a disk of gas around the star rather than being present in the white dwarf itself. Subsequent work determined that the only way to produce this particular disk configuration was through evaporation of a giant planet.
Image: Artist's impression of the WDJ0914+1914 system. Credit: ESO.
Thus this white dwarf makes history as the site of the first detection of a surviving giant planet around this class of star. You'll recall previous work on white dwarf atmospheres, which has given us a look at the composition of infalling material that may have been the result of the breakup of a planet, comet or asteroid (see, for example, Survivors: White Dwarf Planets).
But now we're looking at an actual planet in the act of shedding material while still retaining its structure. The oxygen, hydrogen and sulphur found here are similar to what we see in the deeper atmospheric layers of Neptune and Uranus. Placing such a planet in a tight orbit around a white dwarf would cause high levels of ultraviolet radiation to strip away the outer atmospheric layers, creating the same kind of disk we find at WD J0914+1914.
The star's temperature is estimated at 28,000° Celsius, while the planet is at least twice as large as the star it orbits, a world whose atmosphere is being depleted due to interactions with the star's high energy photons. While most of the gas escapes, about 3,000 tonnes per second fall onto the disk, which is what makes the presence of the planet accessible to observers.
Image: Location of WDJ0914+1914 in the constellation of Cancer. Credit: ESO.
The planet orbits the primary at a scant 15 times the stellar radius, meaning it is 10 million kilometers away from the star, in a place that would have once been deep inside the red giant that was the white dwarf's progenitor. The assumption here is that the planet moved closer to the star after the white dwarf had formed, perhaps through gravitational interactions with other worlds in this system. We also get a glimpse of this system's future in the paper:
Gravitational interactions in multi-planet systems can perturb planets onto orbits with peri-centres close to the white dwarf, where tidal effects are likely to lead to circularisation of the orbit. Common envelope evolution provides an alternative scenario to bring a planet into a close orbit around the white dwarf, though it requires rather fine-tuned initial conditions and only works for planets more massive than Jupiter… As the white dwarf continues to cool, the mass loss rate will gradually decrease, and become undetectable in ~ 350 Myr… By then, the giant planet will have lost ∼ 0.002 Jupiter masses (or ∼ 0.04 Neptune masses), i.e. an insignificant fraction of its total mass.
The paper also notes a possible analogue to WD J0914+1914 in HAT-P-26b, a Neptune-mass planet orbiting a K-class star with a period of 4.26 days, adding that despite its high temperature, the small radius of WD J0914+1914 would make its planet cooler than the equivalent around a main sequence star. As to how common such planets may be, of the 7,000 white dwarfs examined by this study, only one planet has emerged. The authors point out that we can look forward to studying the roughly 260,000 white dwarfs identified by the Gaia mission, and thus could well find in this larger sample enough planets to make comparative study possible.
The paper is Gänsicke et al., "Accretion of a giant planet onto a white dwarf star," Nature 576 (2019), 61-64 (abstract / preprint).
John walker December 7, 2019, 17:46
Wow. Very unexpected.
Harry R Ray December 8, 2019, 14:33
The authors estimate that the occurrance rate is ~1 for every 10,000 white dwarf stellar corpses. Since only a small percentage of these are recent enough, and thus hot enough to heat the upper atmosphere of an ice giant sufficiently to achieve escape velocity, only a small percentage of those systems that do occur will actually be detected. However, GAIA has been observing over 250,ooo white dwarfs, so a few more of these planets may pop out by DR7 or so.
katesisco December 8, 2019, 12:08
Not really. W Thornhill states what he believes as a planetary success inside the envelope of a red dwarf.
andy December 8, 2019, 13:04
And shortly after this announcement, a study investigating the possible dynamical history of the planet:
Veras & Fuller (arXiv:1912.02199 [astro-ph.EP]) "The dynamical history of the evaporating or disrupted ice giant planet around white dwarf WD J0914+1914"
They suggest it is either a very-low-density "super-puff" planet (similar to the planets orbiting Kepler-51), or a more normal ice giant on an eccentric orbit.
Laintal December 8, 2019, 20:37
Yes wow
One very interesting system to think about, only a small amount of its total mass will be lost.
Now to catch up on the other posts here
Speaking of white dwarf stars: Enter – The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume 881, Number 1 (google it and scroll dovn to the THIRD ITEM). "Self-lensing discovery of a 0.2 White Dwarf in an Unusually Wide Orbit around a Sun-like Star." by Kento Masuda, Hajime Kawahara, David W. Latham, Allyson Bieryla, Masanobu Kuntino, Morgan MacLeod. KIC8145411B is a white dwarf star orbiting a 15'th magnitude G star at a distance of 1,28 +/- 0.03 AU and transits the primary, lensing some of the primary's light, making it appear to brighten. However, the orbit of the WD is SO FAR AWAY that none or its material could have been SIPHONED onto the G star during the time period when the WD was in its Red Giant phase. Therefore, the ONLY explanations for this WD currently having SUCH A LOW MASS are as follows – ONE: The WD is 14.8 billion years old(or older than the UNIVERSE ITSELF), TWO: It is either an extremely low mass neutron star/stellar mass black hole, or an extremely high mass primordial black hole. THREE: It is composed of HYPER-EXOTIC particles like strange quarks or axions. FOUR: It is NOT NATURAL, but instead, some kind of ETI beacon. MY TAKE: Eliminating "ONE" and "TWO" out of hand due to sheer impossibility(in my opinion – correct me if I am wrong), I also reject the "strange quark" explanation due to the fact that if any strangelets were around to turn KIC8145411B into a strange quark star, KIC8145411A should have ALSO been turned into one as well. That leaves either an axion star or a space beacon. I choose the former over the latter simply because it is a VIABLE natural explanation, but, please, any Centauri Dreams reader is free to try to argue me out of the natural solution in favor of the non-natural one(I sincerely hope that you succeed).
Next post: Amateur Astronomers Join Hunt for Exoplanets
Previous post: New Horizons: A Slowing Solar Wind Far from Earth


Jos 2 | BSB | STEP | Then Joshua son of Nun secretly sent two spies from Acacia Grove, saying, "Go, inspect the land, especially Jericho." So they went and entered the house of a prostitute named Rahab and stayed there.
saying, "Go, inspect the land, especially Jericho." So they went and entered the house of a prostitute named Rahab and stayed there. 2 And it was reported to the king of Jericho: "Behold, some men of Israel have come here tonight to spy out the land." 3 So the king of Jericho sent to Rahab and said, "Bring out the men who came to you and entered your house, for they have come to spy out the whole land." 4 But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them. So she said, "Yes, the men did come to me, but I did not know where they had come from. 5 At dusk, when the gate was about to close, the men went out, and I do not know which way they went. Pursue them quickly, and you may catch them!" 6 ( But [Rahab] had taken them up to the roof and hidden them among the stalks of flax that she had laid out [there] . ) 7 So the [king's] men set out in pursuit [of the spies] along the road to the fords of the Jordan, and as soon as they had gone out, the gate was shut.


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Mind Matters Natural and Artificial Intelligence News and Analysis
Bottlenose Dolphin NASA public domain
Denyse O'Leary
Natural Intelligence, Neuroscience, Philosophy of Mind
Dolphinese: The Idea That Animals Think As We Do Dies Hard
But first it can lead us down strange paths
arroba Email
Today, we can hear trained seals whorfing "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" or the Star Wars theme instead of their native cries. It's a novelty, like teaching dogs to bark "Jingle Bells." We recognize a cultural expression; the seal whorfs and the dog barks on cue.
But some science personalities have been quite serious about teaching animals to speak, whether it be elephants, apes—or dolphins. Not only would their success help to establish that humans are just animals but it might help us communicate with extraterrestrials. That is how a dolphin got swept up with SETI, Carl Sagan, the Drake Equation, and LSD into a science celeb dolphin cult. Dolphin intelligence became a theme in popular science culture ("So long and thanks for all the fish") but the public interest didn't turn out well for the dolphins.
original copy of Lilly's influential 1961 bestseller/Amazon
The legendary skeptical astronomer Carl Sagan (1934–1996) was a believer:
In 1961, the great scientist Carl Sagan joined a semi-secret society called the Order of the Dolphin, which hoped to establish communication with intelligent extraterrestrials. Among the society's members was a neuroscientist named John Lilly, who had made a name for himself popularizing the idea that dolphins have their own language, as well as a kind of super-intelligence that rivals our own. Crack the code of dolphinese, argued Lilly, and we will be able to decipher any alien language we might encounter.
The order's members—including the astrophysicist Frank Drake, the evolutionary biologist J.B.S. Haldane and the Nobel Prize-winning chemist Melvin Calvin—took Lilly's idea about human-dolphin communication quite seriously. As the Princeton historian D. Graham Burnett has noted, they wore insignia shaped like bottlenose dolphins and sent each other coded messages to hone their dolphinese and alien-language-decoding skills.
Justin Gregg, "Dolphins Aren't as Smart as You Think" (December 18, 2013) at Wall Street Journal
Let's go back to the start. Impressed as early as 1949 by the sheer size of the dolphin's brain, American physician neuroscientist John C. Lilly (1915–2001) was convinced that dolphins could learn to communicate at a human level. Indeed, he thought they were possibly "just as intelligent as humans." At the time, sheer brain size was thought to correlate with intelligence in a way that is now doubted. In 1960 he founded the Communication Research Institute on St. Thomas in the Virgin Islands, with the goal of establishing intelligent interspecies communication with dolphins.
Lilly's 1961 Man and Dolphin, outlining his theories of interspecies communication, became a bestseller. Frank Drake, developer of the Drake Equation for do-it-yourself estimation of ET life (also publicized in 1961), read it and was impressed. He arranged for funding for Lilly's lab work from NASA. NASA and other government sources continued funding it during the 1960s.
The Green Bank Conference (1961), to which Lilly introduced "Dolphinese," was a serious science meeting. The conferees were "totally enthralled" by the idea that communicating with dolphins would open to door to communicating with innumerable types of extraterrestrial intelligence:
In 1961, the National Academy of Sciences organized a meeting on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia. The ten scientists who attended, including future SETI icons such as Frank Drake and Carl Sagan, represented a variety of scientific fields. At the conclusion of the meeting, the attendees adopted the moniker "The Order of the Dolphin," in honor of participant John Lilly's work on interspecies communication. (01, 2016)
Maria Temming, Maria and Anthony Crider, " The Order of the Dolphin: Origins of SETI" at American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #227, id.114.01
Lilly also published a paper in Science later that year: "Vocal Exchanges between Dolphins: Bottlenose dolphins "talk" to each other with whistles, clicks, and a variety of other noises" (paywall).
Later, intense efforts to crack "Dolphinese" took a controversial turn. In 1965, Lilly's 23-year-old research assistant Margaret Howe Lovatt lived with a dolphin:
For 10 weeks, from June to August 1965, the St Thomas research centre became the site of Lilly's most notorious and highly criticized experiment, when his young assistant, Margaret Howe, volunteered to live in confinement with Peter, a bottlenose dolphin. The dolphin house was flooded with water and redesigned for a specific purpose: to allow the 23-year-old Howe and the dolphin to live, sleep, eat, wash and play intimately together. The objective of the experiment was to see whether a dolphin could be taught human speech – a hypothesis that Lilly, in 1960, predicted could be a reality "within a decade or two."
Even dolphin experts who today hold some of Lilly's other work in high regard believe it was deeply misguided. Media coverage at the time focused on two things: Howe's almost total failure to teach Peter to speak; and the reluctant sexual relationship she began with the animal in an effort to put him at his ease. She has not spoken about her experiences for nearly 50 years (to "let [the story] fade"), but earlier this year accepted an interview request by the BBC producer Mark Hedgecoe, who thought it was "the most remarkable story of animal science I had ever heard."
"In 1965, a young woman lived in isolation with a male dolphin in the name of science. It got weird" at National Post
In 2014, Lovatt broke her silence on this matter and the result was the documentary, The Girl Who Talked to Dolphins.
Also, in 1964, Lilly had started feeding the dolphins LSD (he had been introduced to it by the wife of the producer of dolphin-themed movie Flipper (1963). He developed a dependency himself which alienated colleagues and may have compromised his research.
There was also the vivisection:
In a telling review of Lilly's Man and Dolphin, a book published just before the Green Bank Conference: "In being so frank about his early failures, his treatment of dolphins, and his personal sacrifices, it may be questioned whether he has not done his cause a disservice," Bull wrote, highlighting Lilly's unfortunate tendency to vivisect his dolphins in the course of his research. In retrospect, his review of Lilly's ethically suspect research methods was remarkably prescient—but no one could predict just how weird things were about to get.
Daniel Oberhaus, "How dolphins on lsd shaped the search for extraterrestrial intelligence" at Supercluster (July 7, 2019)
We are told, in Lilly's defense, that he was "unable to sedate dolphins, as they stop breathing under anaesthetic."
But vivisect? "Vivisect" and "Flipper" don't seem to belong in the same sentence.
A fictional version of Lilly's work
Carl Sagan dropped by now and then, to encourage the pursuit of Dolphinese. But no one, not even the dolphins, seemed able to manage it. The fact that, in 1970, Hustler got hold of the sex angle did not help with presenting the floundering experiment as serious research. Meanwhile, a darker problem emerged. As with experiments that attempt to make great apes into near-humans, the dolphin experiment itself proved cruel to dolphins:
Lab director Gregory Bateson left, due to "Lilly's cavalier attitude to the dolphins' welfare." Lab funding was cut 1966, just after the live-with-a-dolphin experiment had ended. But what became of the dolphin?
Without funding, the fate of the dolphins was in question. "I couldn't keep Peter," says Lovatt, wistfully. "If he'd been a cat or a dog, then maybe. But not a dolphin." Lovatt's new job soon became the decommissioning of the lab and she prepared to ship the dolphins away to Lilly's other lab, in a disused bank building in Miami. It was a far cry from the relative freedom and comfortable surroundings of Dolphin House.
At the Miami lab, held captive in smaller tanks with little or no sunlight, Peter quickly deteriorated, and after a few weeks Lovatt received news.
"I got that phone call from John Lilly," she recalls. "John called me himself to tell me. He said Peter had committed suicide."
Ric O'Barry corroborates the use of this word. "Dolphins are not automatic air-breathers like we are," he explains. "Every breath is a conscious effort. If life becomes too unbearable, the dolphins just take a breath and they sink to the bottom. They don't take the next breath." Andy Williamson puts Peter's death down to a broken heart, brought on by a separation from Lovatt that he didn't understand. "Margaret could rationalise it, but when she left, could Peter? Here's the love of his life gone."
Christopher Riley, "The dolphin who loved me: the Nasa-funded project that went wrong" at The Guardian
Whatever had happened to Peter, teaching dolphins to use human-like languages is no longer the active research effort it was back then, though dolphin communications are still studied:
The real-life Dr Doolittles have identified nearly 200 distinct whistles and clicks made by dolphins in the wild – and say they know what half a dozen mean.
The findings highlight once again the intelligence of dolphins, and how humans may not have a monopoly on intelligent conversation.
David Derbyshire, "Scientists who studied 'dolphinese' claim they are closer to humans than we thought" at Daily Mail (December 20, 2007)
But today such claims for human-like languages among animals tend to be hedged by qualification and problematizing:
Since Lilly's initial experiments, researchers have found that a number of species communicate using something that approaches the complexity of human language. Whether it is appropriate to characterize animal communication systems as "languages," in the same way that English or Mandarin are languages, is a matter of debate. The crux of the debate centers on defining just what constitutes human language. Whether dolphins have a language like English or Mandarin is, we are told, a matter of debate.
Daniel Oberhaus, "Dolphins Are Helping Us Hunt for Aliens" at Nautilus (May 6, 2018)
Actually, it would be a matter of debate only if we had reason to believe that language use was under discussion among the dolphins. But it doesn't look as though dolphins have ever needed to say much beyond the whistles and clicks.
Among humans, by contrast, a small literary legacy survives:
In the 1980s Lilly directed a project which attempted to teach dolphins a computer-synthesised language. Lilly's work, with dolphins and the development of the sensory deprivation tank, has been referenced in movies, music and television productions. "Dolphin Island: A Story of the People of the Sea" is a 1963 novel by Arthur C. Clarke set in a strange and fascinating research community where a brilliant professor tries to communicate with dolphins. In the 1973 movie, The Day of the Dolphin, George C. Scott portrayed a Lilly-esque scientist, known to the dolphins as "Pa." who succeeded in teaching a dolphin to speak elementary English. The 1980 movie, Altered States features actor William Hurt regressing to a simian form by the combination of ingesting psychoactive substances and submersion in a sensory deprivation chamber.
– the book page for Man and Dolphin at Amazon
There is still no evidence-based reason to believe that any non-human life form—great apes, elephants, or dolphins—can be coached by humans to think in abstractions, as rational beings. Recognizing that fact may help us avoid inflicting needless cruelty in the future.
Further reading on science-based efforts to get animals to use language as humans do:
The real reason why only human beings speak. Language is a tool for abstract thinking—a necessary tool for abstraction—and humans are the only animals who think abstractly (Michael Egnor)
Elephants who fly—or become "persons"—are magic. Okay, it's impossible. But then why do thinkers who don't believe the one believe the other? For decades, researchers were transfixed with the idea of humanizing great apes by raising them among humans and teaching them language. Emerging from the ruins and recriminations of the collapse, philosophy prof Don Ross has a new idea: Let's start with elephants instead.
Researchers: Apes are just like us. And we're not doing the right things to make them start behaving that way… In 2011, we were told in Smithsonian Magazine, "'Talking' apes are not just the stuff of science fiction; scientists have taught many apes to use some semblance of language." Have they? If so, why has it all subsided? What happened?
Denyse O'Leary is a freelance journalist based in Victoria, Canada. Specializing in faith and science issues, she has published two books on the topic: Faith@Science and By Design or by Chance? She has written for publications such as The Toronto Star, The Globe & Mail, and Canadian Living. She is co-author, with neuroscientist Mario Beauregard, of The Spiritual Brain: A Neuroscientist'€™s Case for the Existence of the Soul. She received her degree in honors English language and literature.
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This project is aimed at understanding the behaviour of grounded margins of ice shelves. Work in progress with Assoc. Prof. Gary Wilson of the Geology Department focusses on the processes of ice and sediment accretion at the thinning margin of the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf. Mapping of the ice shelf margin and ice cored moraines with a pulseEkko 100 Ground Penetrating Radar has revealed up glacier dipping layers of accreted ice and debris. The isotopic and ionic composition of the ice suggests it has a marine origin. Moreover, there is a systematic shift in the isotopic values that suggests near complete freezing of the water reservoir where sediment has been entrained.
Our previous experience in mapping the ice shelf at Minna Bluff has demonstrated that we are able to get up to 10 m penetration in ice-cored moraines on land but the signal is attenuated offshore. However, the power output of our upgraded pulseEkko Pro radar is programmable so the ice shelf substrate should be reached, at least in the landward few hundred metres. Future work will involve extraction of samples of the accreted ice using a series of cores to examine the composition of the ice. From this, further insight into the isotopic signatures of large scale conductive freezing events will be gained as will an increased understanding of the processes of debris entrainment.