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Tipologia lingvistică este o ramură a lingvisticii și un mod de clasificare a limbilor, care se ocupă cu încadrarea lor în grupuri caracterizate de anumite trăsături structurale comune prin care se deosebesc de alte grupuri de limbi.

Tipologia lingvistică se deosebește de alte moduri de clasificare a limbilor. Una din acestea este cea genealogică, axată pe studierea comparativ-istorică a asemănărilor și deosebirilor dintre limbile înrudite, stabilind clase genealogice (familii de limbi și ramuri în cadrul acestora). Tipologia lingvistică se mai distinge și de studierea limbilor în contact, inclusiv neînrudite, care se influențează reciproc, grupate în uniuni lingvistice, cum este uniunea lingvistică balcanică.

Tipologia lingvistică este o disciplină sincronică, adică tratează limbile în starea lor actuală. Totuși, o limbă poate fi studiată și din punctul de vederea al evoluției tipului său structural, care se poate schimba. Astfel, limbi ca franceza, bulgara sau engleza au evoluat de la tipul morfologic sintetic la cel analitic (vezi mai jos).

Nicio limbă nu este de niciun anumit tip în mod absolut. Tipurile sunt abstracții teoretice, stabilite printr-un raționament deductiv, iar aprecierea încadrării unei limbi particulare într-un tip sau altul este cantitativă și comparativă, fiecare limbă fiind mai apropiată sau mai depărtată de caracteristicile tipului ideal. Bunăoară se poate vorbi numai de limbi mai analitice, respectiv mai sintetice decât altele.

Cercetarea tipologică a limbilor a mers de la început mână în mână cu cea a universaliilor lingvistice. Acestea sunt trăsături comune tuturor sau majorității limbilor, dintre care sunt selectați parametrii tipologici pe baza cărora se stabilește tipologia lingvistică. De pildă categoria "subiect" este un asemenea parametru. Existența acestei părți de propoziție este cvasiuniversală, dar unele posibilități de exprimare a ei deosebesc între ele anumite grupuri de limbi. Astfel, limbile în care subiectul poate să nu fie exprimat prin cuvânt aparte au fost grupate în tipul de limbi numit "pro-drop" (de la  pronoun-dropping "căderea pronumelui"), cum sunt româna sau italiana, în contrast cu tipul "non-pro-drop", căruia îi aparțin franceza sau engleza, și în care această posibilitate este limitată, deci necaracteristică.

Clasificarea tipologică nu grupează limbile luate în ansamblul fiecăreia, cum face clasificarea genealogică, ci pe baza unor trăsături structurale comune ale lor, prin urmare o limbă dată poate face parte din mai multe grupuri tipologice. De pildă limbile BCMS fac parte din grupul limbilor care nu au articol hotărât, împreună cu limba rusă și alte limbi slave, și în același timp din grupul limbilor care au pronume personale cu funcție de complement direct și indirect clitice (adică neaccentuate, conjuncte), împreună cu româna și celelalte limbi romanice.

O trăsătură comună unui grup nu este unică, ci se asociază cu alte trăsături comune acelui grup. De exemplu caracterul enclitic al articolului hotărât este asociat cu faptul că determinatul (termenul regent) precede de regulă atributul sau complementul său, de exemplu în limba română. O asociere mai complexă este cea a caracterului "pro-drop" cu prezența unei flexiuni verbale bogate, cu posibilitatea inversării locului subiectului cu cel al predicatului, cu posibilitatea extragerii subiectului din propoziția subordonată etc.

Tipologii lingvistice

Există mai multe tipologii lingvistice, referitoare la domeniile limbii: morfologic, sintactic, fonologic, prozodic, lexical.

Tipologie morfologică

Această tipologie este prima care a apărut, la începutul secolului al XIX-lea, datorită fraților Friedrich și August Wilhelm Schlegel, care au deosebit limbi sintetice și limbi analitice, iar în cadrul celor sintetice, limbi flexionare (numite și fuzionale) și limbi aglutinante. Mai târziu în același secol, Wilhelm von Humboldt a introdus tipul polisintetic (numit și incorporant) ca fiind de un grad superior de sintetism. "Tipologie morfologică" este o denumire tradițională. De fapt ea este morfosintactică, dat fiind că sistemul morfologic este strâns legat de cel sintactic.

În secolul al XX-lea, Edward Sapir a precizat și diversificat tipologia morfologică în perspectiva felului în care structura morfologică a cuvintelor exprimă raporturile gramaticale dintre acestea în propoziție, ceea ce se reflectă și în numărul de morfeme care constituie un cuvânt. Astfel sunt:
 limbi analitice, care folosesc cu prioritate mărci gramaticale de tip cuvinte, precum adpoziții (prepoziții sau/și postpoziții) și verbe auxiliare, deci un cuvânt tinde să fie un singur morfem, fie lexical, fie gramatical;
 limbi izolante (numite și monosilabice sau amorfe), în care analitismul atinge cel mai înalt grad, cuvintele fiind practic invariabile;
 limbi sintetice, care preferă afixele legate de radicalul cuvântului cu sens lexical, astfel un cuvânt tinzând să cuprindă mai multe morfeme, și lexicale, și gramaticale;
 limbi aglutinante, limbi sintetice în care morfemele tind să fie bine delimitate unul de altul și să exprime un singur element de sens;
 limbi flexionare (fuzionale), limbi sintetice în care morfemele tind să nu fie net delimitate și să exprime mai multe elemente de sens, în unele limbi mărci gramaticale fiind uneori incluse în radicalul cu sens lexical (flexiune numită internă);
 limbi polisintetice (incorporante), în care un cuvânt acumulează relativ multe morfeme, tinzând să constituie o propoziție întreagă.

În afară de aceste tipuri generale, mai sunt și tipuri care privesc aspecte mai restrânse.

Unul dintre parametrii tipologici morfologici este categoria cazului. Mijloacele de exprimare a cazurilor opun limbile sintetice, în care se realizează prioritar prin afixe gramaticale de tip desinență (de exemplu în limba latină), limbilor analitice, în care se exprimă, de preferință, prin adpoziții (ex. limba franceză). Româna ocupă sub acest aspect o poziție intermediară.

Alt parametru tipologic este articolul, în primul rând prin existența sa în unele limbi, ca cele romanice, față de non-existența lui în limbi ca latina, finlandeza sau rusa. Articolul hotărât mai distinge grupuri de limbi și prin locul său față de cuvântul determinat. Prin acesta se deosebesc tipul limbilor cu articol hotărât proclitic, cum sunt toate limbile romanice în afară de română, și tipul celor cu articol hotărât enclitic, în care româna intră împreună cu albaneza și cu bulgara.

Parametrul numit "control" deosebește grupuri de limbi după cum subiectul, de pildă, exprimă sau nu prin mărci gramaticale faptul că acesta controlează acțiunea care i se atribuie. Într-o limbă ca româna nu îl exprimă, dar de pildă în unele limbi caucaziene, dacă într-o propoziție ca Ion s-a rostogolit pe iarbă, subiectul a făcut-o voit, deci controlând acțiunea, atunci este la un anumit caz, iar dacă i s-a întâmplat fără să vrea, este la alt caz.

Folosirea sau nefolosirea verbului copulativ corespunzător lui a fi în construcția predicatului nominal deosebește de asemenea grupuri de limbi, de pildă româna (Ion este bolnav), franceza (Jean est malade) sau engleza (John is ill), respectiv araba sau rusa (Иван больной Ivan bolnoi).

Pronumele are în diferite limbi caracteristici care sunt de asemenea parametri tipologici. În primul rând este vorba de existența lui în majoritatea limbilor față de lipsa lui în unele limbi, ca japoneza. Alt parametru este existența formelor clitice de pronume (ex. în limbile romanice) față de lipsa acestora, ex. în latină sau în rusă. Legat de pronume există de asemenea parametrul care distinge limbi ce exprimă politețe prin pronume personale de anumite forme, ca româna, și limbi care nu o fac prin acest mijloc, ca engleza. Iarăși alt parametru pronominal deosebește limbi cu pronumele corespunzător lui noi având forme diferite în funcție de includerea sau excluderea interlocutorului, ca în unele limbi din Africa de Sud, față de limbi în care noi are o singură formă, fie că este folosit inclusiv sau exclusiv. Sunt și limbi care deosebesc inanimatul prin forme specifice de pronume personale (ex.  it) față de limbi care nu au această distincție prin pronume, ca româna.

Unele limbi se disting prin exprimarea animatului prin caz, precum rusa, în care cazul acuzativ al animatelor masculine este identic cu genitivul, pe când acuzativul inanimatelor neutre și masculine este același cu nominativul.

Tipologie sintactică

Această tipologie a cunoscut o dezvoltare deosebită în ultimele decenii ale secolului al XX-lea.

Parametri tipologici legați de topică

Topica în general poate fi mai mult sau mai puțin fixă, respectiv liberă. În funcție de aceasta se deosebesc, nu în mod absolut, limbi cu topică fixă, cu topică liberă și un tip intermediar, cu topică relativ liberă. Există o relație directă între topică și tipul morfologic general al limbilor. Cu cât o limbă este mai sintetică, cu atât topica este mai liberă. Într-o astfel de limbă, exprimarea raporturilor gramaticale fiind asigurată de afixe, rolul topicii este mai puțin important în această privință. Dimpotrivă, cu cât o limbă este mai analititcă, cu atât topica este mai fixă, tinzând să compenseze rolul afixelor în exprimarea raporturilor gramaticale. Din acest punct de vedere, româna este de tip intermediar.

Topica restrânsă la locul determinatului nominal față de determinant împarte limbile numite în engleză head-first (literal "capul primul", acesta fiind determinatul) și head-last, (lit. "capul ultimul"), cu determinatul după determinant. Româna este de primul tip, prin poziția normal postpusă a atributului exprimat prin adjectiv calificativ, prin adjectiv posesiv și variante de adjectiv demonstrativ, precum și a complementelor necircumstanțiale. Articolul hotărât enclitic contribuie de asemenea la încadrarea în acest tip. În schimb maghiara este un exemplu de limbă head-last.

Locul subiectului, al predicatului și al complementului direct unele față de altele într-o propoziție enunțiativă tipică distinge șase tipuri de limbi, desemnate prin siglele formate din inițialele cuvintelor englezești subject "subiect", verb "verb" și object "complement direct": SOV, SVO, VSO, VOS, OVS și OSV. Marea majoritate a limbilor sunt SOV, SVO și VSO. Româna, de exemplu, este o limbă SVO.

Alți parametri tipologici sintactici

Cliticele pronominale sunt un parametru tipologic nu numai morfologic, ci și sintactic, după cum în unele limbi sunt cazuri când, în propoziția fără scoatere în evidență dublează în anumite cazuri obligatoriu un complement exprimat prin altă parte de vorbire, ca în română (ex. Îl văd pe Ion, Îi dau lui Ion), sau face aceasta numai pentru a scoate în evidență complementul, ca în franceză.

Adpoziția deosebește tipuri de limbi în primul rând prin ponderea adpozițiilor în realizarea relațiilor de caz (limbi analitice vs. sintetice), în al doilea rând, după cum unele limbi preferă prepozițiile, ca limbile romanice, sau postpozițiile, ca japoneza.

Subiectul distinge grupuri de limbi tot prin doi parametri. Unul le împarte în limbi "pro-drop" și "non-pro-drop" (vezi mai sus), altul prin poziția sa față de predicat și de complementul direct: SOV, SVO, VSO etc.

Parametrul acordului deosebește limbi în care există acord în anumite categorii gramaticale (gen, număr etc.) între părți de propoziție, de limbi în care nu există. De pildă, în privința atributului adjectival, româna se încadrează în primul tip, iar maghiara în al doilea.

Tipologie fonologică

În privința naturii fonemelor se pot distinge, de exemplu, limbi care au clicuri (categorie de consoane produse în gură fără ca participarea respirației să fie necesară), cum este limba zulu, față de cele care nu au asemenea consoane.

Unele grupări de limbi sunt făcute după numărul anumitor tipuri de foneme și fonemele concrete cuprinse în acel număr. De pildă se disting limbile cu numărul minim de numai trei vocale, acestea fiind /i/, /u/ și /a/, ex. araba din Maroc, cele care au cinci (în plus /e/ și /o/), ex. swahili, spaniola sau japoneza, etc..

Există tipuri de limbi și după natura sunetului care poate constitui nucleul silabei. În unele limbi, acesta poate fi numai o vocală, în altele pot fi și unele consoane (mai ales /r/, /l/, /n/, /m/). Astfel sunt, de exemplu, limba cehă (ex. Brno [br̩.no]), BCMS (ex. vrt [vr̩t] "grădină", bicikl [bit͡si.kl̩] "bicicletă") sau engleza: ex. bottle [bɒ.tl̩] "butelie, sticlă", button [bʌ.tn̩] "buton, nasture".

Tipologie prozodică

În domeniul prozodic, una din distincții este între limbi accentuale, în care predomină accentul, și limbi tonale, în care predomină tonurile.

Accentul, un fenomen prin care sunetul care constituie nucleul unei silabe iese în evidență față de alte nuclee de silabă, este predominant de pildă în toate limbile din Europa. Locul lui în cuvintele polisilabice este un parametru care împarte limbile cu accent liber (posibil pe oricare silabă) de cele cu accent fix (posibil numai pe o anumită silabă). Limbile din ultimul grup se deosebesc la rândul lor prin silaba pe care poate fi accentul (prima, ultima etc.). În limbile în care accentul nu este fix, locul acestuia poate distinge sensuri lexicale și gramaticale ale cuvintelor care conțin aceleași sunete, ex.  paralele – paralele, veselă (adjectiv) – veselă (substantiv), mobilă (subst.) – mobilă (adj.) – mobilă (verb la perfectul simplu).

În limbile tonale, tonul este cel care îndeplinește în cea mai mare parte rolul accentului. Este definit ca nivelul de înălțime a sunetului sau variația înălțimii sale într-o silabă. Limbi tonale sunt mai ales cele care sunt și izolante cu cuvinte predominant monosilabice, în care tonurile au un rol important în distingerea sensurilor lexicale și gramaticale ale cuvintelor constituite din aceleași sunete, ex.  mā (ton înalt constant) "mamă" – má (ton ascendent) "cânepă" – mǎ (ton descendent-ascendent) "cal" – mà (ton brusc descendent) "a certa" – ma (fără ton) particulă interogativă.

Tipologie lexicală

În general, domeniul lexical prezintă un interes tipologic redus, în afară de formarea de cuvinte, care ține și de morfologie, pentru că sensul lexical al cuvintelor are mai puțin a face cu structura limbilor, spre deosebire de morfologie, sintaxă, fonologie sau prozodie. Totuși, unele aspecte lexicale legate de aspecte sintactice pot fi de interes tipologic, precum verbele de mișcare. În funcție de construcția lor se disting două tipuri de limbi după felul în care exprimă modul și direcția mișcării prin verbul însuși și cu un cuvânt aparte sau un afix.

Limbile numite  satellite-framed "cu cadraj satelitar" sau "cu cadru de satelit", ca engleza, exprimă tipic modul mișcării prin verbul însuși, iar direcția ei printr-un cuvânt aparte (satelit), pe când limbile verb-framed "cu cadraj verbal" sau "cu cadru verbal", ca spaniola, exprimă tipic direcția mișcării prin verbul însuși, iar modul ei prin cuvânt aparte, ceea ce se vede de multe ori în traduceri, de exemplu:
 The bottle floated out of the cave "Sticla a plutit afară din peșteră" –  La botella salió de la cueva flotando "Sticla a ieșit din peșteră plutind".

În maghiară, limbă fino-ugrică cu cadraj satelitar, cuvântul aparte care exprimă direcția devine prefix în anumite cazuri, ex. Csak a gyerekek ültek fel a lóra "Numai copiii au încălecat" (lit. "Numai copiii s-au așezat sus pe cal") (subiectul scos în evidență) vs. A gyerekek felültek a lóra "Copiii au încălecat".

Limbi cu cadraj satelitar mai sunt cele indoeuropene în afară de cele romanice, limbile fino-ugrice, chineza și altele, iar cu cadraj verbal – cele romanice, semitice, polineziene, japoneza, coreeana etc.

Ca tipurile de limbi în general, nici acestea nu sunt pure, ci reprezintă numai niște preferințe. Astfel, și engleza, limbă cu cadraj satelitar, are verbe care includ exprimarea direcției, dar în mod semnificativ sunt majoritar împrumuturi din franceză, limbă cu cadraj verbal, și sunt folosite mai ales în registrul de limbă elevat, ex. enter "a intra", exit "a ieși", descend "a coborî", pass "a trece". De asemenea, limbile cu cadraj verbal au și verbe care includ exprimarea modului deplasării, precum a fugi, a se plimba, a zbura.

Note

Surse bibliografice

  Andrews, Edna, Russian (Limba rusă), SEELRC, 2001 (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

  Barić, Eugenija et al., Hrvatska gramatika (Gramatica limbii croate), ediția a II-a revăzută, Zagreb, Školska knjiga, 1997, ISBN 953-0-40010-1 (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

 Bidu-Vrănceanu, Angela et al., Dicționar general de științe. Științe ale limbii, București, Editura științifică, 1997, ISBN 973-440229-3 (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

  Browne, Wayles și Alt, Theresa, A Handbook of Bosnian, Serbian, and Croatian (Manual de bosniacă, sârbă și croată), SEELRC, 2004 (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

  Bussmann, Hadumod (coord.), Dictionary of Language and Linguistics (Dicționarul limbii și lingvisticii), Londra – New York, Routledge, 1998, ISBN 0-203-98005-0 (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

 Constantinescu-Dobridor, Gheorghe, Dicționar de termeni lingvistici, București, Teora, 1998; online: Dexonline (DTL) (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

  Crystal, David, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics (Dicționar de lingvistică și fonetică), ediția a VI-a, Blackwell Publishing, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4051-5296-9 (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

  Dubois, Jean et al., Dictionnaire de linguistique (Dicționar de lingvistică), Paris, Larousse-Bordas/VUEF, 2002

  Eifring, Halvor și Theil, Rolf, Linguistics for Students of Asian and African Languages (Lingvistică pentru studenții în limbi asiatice și africane), Universitatea din Oslo, 2005 (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

  Szende, Thomas și Kassai, Georges, Grammaire fondamentale du hongrois (Gramatică fundamentală a limbii maghiare), Paris, Langues et mondes – l'Asiathèque, 2007, ISBN 978-2-91-525555-3 (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

Bibliografie  suplimeentară

 Comrie, Bernard, Language universals and linguistic typology : syntax and morphology (Universalii lingvistice și tipologie lingvistică), ediția a II-a, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0226114330

 Croft, William, Typology and universals (Tipologia și universaliile), ediția a II-a, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-521-00499-3

 Feuillet, Jack, Introduction à la typologie linguistique, Paris, Honoré Champion, colecția Bibliothèque de grammaire et de linguistique, nr. 19, 2006, ISBN 2-7453-1269-3, ISSN 1278-3889

 Nichols, Johanna, Linguistic diversity in space and time (Diversitatea lingvistică în spațiu și timp), Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1992, ISBN 0-226-58057-1 (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

 Ramat, Paolo Typologie linguistique, Paris, PUF, colecția Linguistique nouvelle, 1985

 Shopen, Timothy (coord.), Language typology and syntactic description (Tipologie lingvistică și descriere sintactică), ediția a II-a, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 3 volume:
 Vol. 1: Clause structure (structura propoziției subordonate, ISBN 978-0521588577
 Vol. 2: Complex constructions (Construcții complexe) ISBN 978-0521588560
 Vol. 3: Grammatical categories and the lexicon (Categoriile gramaticale și lexicul), ISBN 978-0521588553

 Whaley, Lindsay J., Introduction to typology: The unity and diversity of language (Introducere în tipologie: Unitatea și diversitatea limbii), Newbury Park, Sage, 1997, ISBN 0-8039-5963-X

Vezi și

 Universalii lingvistice

Legătură externă

  Association for Linguistic Typology Asociația pentru Tipologia Lingvistică (ALT) (accesat la 27 iunie 2020)

Lingvistică


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Posts tagged "Blade Simpson"
Bad Girls Doing Bad Things (Review)
Bad Girls Doing Bad Things
Written by Anora Leachim
Directed by Francis Locke
Sarah's Living Room Bookstore was soon crushed by the Barnes & Nobles opening in her bathroom…
It's time for yet another Torchlight Pictures/Francis Locke softcore production with a ridiculous plot and overly-long sex scenes! Bad Girls Doing Bad Things is about girls that are "good" girls attempting to dirty up their image to impress some random guy. Thanks to this instructional video, we now know what "bad" girls are – girls who watch people have sex in the club. Now you know, and knowing is half the battle. So let's get the other half going as we dive right in to Bad Girls Doing Bad Things!
If we were any badder, Michael Jackson would have sung a song about us!
Bad Girls Doing Bad Things is among the most fun of the Torchlight Pictures catalogue, largely due to the character of Keith ragging on the good girls for being so boring, and their lame attempts to be cool. It still has the Torchlight Pictures characteristics of overly-long sex scenes, minimal plot, and scenes shot in abandoned buildings or the director's living room. Oddly enough, I didn't spot a hotel room in the mix, unless the hallways that look like a parking garage were actually a hotel parking garage.
Besides being produced and directed by Francis Locke, Blade Simpson continues to provide music while the "written by" credits an "Anora Leachim" (obviously a real name and not someone's name backwards!)
I'll go ENTER in the EXIT door! It's totally a bad girl thing to do!
Karen (August Arroya) – A good girl in a good world, but her world is shattered when Keith makes fun of her for being a dork! Can you believe it? So she decides to totally go bad, because that's what happens in real life.
Keith Oswald (Remy)- He's the bad guy who has come to teach these good girls how to be bad girls doing bad things. That way they can fit in with the title of the movie!
Janine (Serrano Rios) – A worker at Karen's bookstore who is also a good girl despite evidence to the contrary. But because she's so anal she drives men away, until she learns to be bad, which means having sex with Keith.
Rex (Scott Alexander) – The other guy in club whom you might know from Dirty Blondes. He's just as good of an actor here as in Dirty Blondes, but at least they're using him in a more useful way.
Scarlet (Teanna Kai) – Another Dirty Blondes alumnus, she is a bad girl. Like all bad girls, she loves the Power Glove because it is so bad. And also having sex in public.
Dawn (Jana Cova) – She's just a random club member of Dungeon who has lesbian sex with Scarlet. Totally not a Dirty Blonde on vacation…
I object, this isn't a bad thing at all!
Posted by Tars Tarkas - July 13, 2012 at 12:56 am
Categories: Movie Reviews, Ugly Tags: Anora Leachim, August Arroya, Blade Simpson, Francis Locke, Jana Cova, Lesbians, Overly long sex scenes, Remy, Scott Alexander, Serrano Rios, softcore, Teanna Kai, Torchlight Pictures
Dirty Blondes 2
Good thing these ancient Indians wrote "Made in Malaysia" on this ancient pot in English…
Dirty Blondes 2 is the Speed 2: Cruise Control of the Dirty Blonde Franchise. Which I think is just these two films, as another feature called More Dirty Blondes doesn't seem to be related at all. Dirty Blondes 2 continues the riveting Dirty Blondes story, as two teams search for evidence of American and Polynesian contact, though this time instead of looking for pottery, they're looking for a stone dildo. Because that proves…something. Whatever. The classic Dirty Blondes tropes are there – sexy archeology, female archeologists don't wear pants, female archeologists take long showers and have sex with all of their digging partners, and long-missing ancient artifacts with Earth-shattering secrets are just lying on the ground in mint condition.
Torchlight Pictures, Francis Locke, and Blade Simpson combine together for another softcore with almost three minutes of plot stretched between many long long long long long long long sex scenes. And let's not forget a liberal use of one long long long long long long long sex scene from the previous film. My theory is the budget was whatever Torchlight Pictures found while rummaging though the couch cushions. We all know the name of the game, so let's meet the players:
The Dirty Blondes Collection, coming this fall to Marshall's!
Tina (Nicole Oring) –Tina is an archeology student who is very lucky at finding amazing discoveries lying in plain sight. Can she find something amazing by the end of the film, in between her constant getting naked? Find out! Nicole Oring is a model and softcore star (including Pretty Prisoners of Chloro Conspiracies and Bare-Skinned New Girls' Scary Bondage Surprise!), but also was in Single White Female 2: The Psycho!
Professor Rich (Ben Campezi) – Professor running the new dig for the ancient dong. He has the diary from the first film, which you would think would be in a museum or something. Someone call Indiana Jones to punch this guy until it hits a museum! is an adult film star who usually works in male on male cinema, he's handled more hogs than a pig farmer in such films as Musclemen Moving Company Inc, Oiled Up Hunks, and Straight Jocks Confess
Lisa (Xara Diaz) – Lisa is one of Professor Rish's students, and instead of digging she just wears the artifacts! Except for when Rich takes them off to have sex with her. Xara Diaz is an adult actress who has handled more packages than UPS in such fine films as We Were Tied Up and She Was Naked!, Sexz Latinas, and Finger Licking Good.
Guy at Basecamp A (Dino Bravo) – This guy doesn't even get a name, and he spends most of his time staring at Tina, except for when he's having sex with Tina. Dino Bravo is an adult star (who ganked his name from a wrestler!) that's given more rides than one of the coin operated kiddie machines outside a grocery store in such films as Gov Love: The Eliot Splitz-her Story, Boning Bonita Chicas, and Not Married with Children XXX
La-la-la, getting naked for no reason, la-la-la
Posted by Tars Tarkas - April 22, 2012 at 1:17 am
Categories: Movie Reviews, Ugly Tags: archeology is sexy, Ben Campezi, Blade Simpson, Dino Bravo, Francis Locke, Holly Hollywood, Jana Cova, Nicole Oring, Overly long sex scenes, softcore, Torchlight Pictures, Xara Diaz
Dirty Blondes (Review)
Dirty Blondes
Written and directed by Francis Locke
The only thing you need to know is "Bottomless Archeology"
From Torchlight Pictures comes another softcore flick involving five minutes of plot and 80 minutes of getting it on. This time, the action concerns groups of archeologists at two dig sites and their exciting adventures of digging up some bowls the producer bought at Ross that weekend. One of the two locations of the action is the Mojave Desert, which is played by the desert location that is used in a lot of Torchlight Pictures films. Dirty Blondes even spawned a sequel that takes place in the same desert. The pair of titular Dirty Blondes are not in the desert, but are located in set piece number two, a lush rainforest. This helps break up the monotony of the bleak desert landscape. Let's also applaud Dirty Blondes for not having any scene be set in a hotel, like most of the other Torchlight Pictures desert features.
Francis Locke breaks out another picture that has its plot on the ultra-Slim-Fast diet. The songs of Blade Simpson (if that is his real name) is used for the soundtrack, which is the same Blade Simpson CD used in practically every Torchlight film that uses him as a soundtrack. Familiar music can sometimes be comforting, such as the familiar music in the Fred Olen Ray Bikini movies or the songs in Jim Wynorski flicks.
Once again, the world of archeology is sexy. It's the most sexy science field according to all these softcore flicks, where they're always uncovering ancient sexy civilizations or spirits of queens or artifacts that make people want to bone. You rarely see biochemists getting it on.
Let's get this archeological dig started, Indiana Jones style! As for the dudes in the cast, I don't know who is who for Rafe or Scott Alexander, so I'm sadly not able to mention humorous porn titles they've been in. It will be a mystery for the ages.
Phillip (???) – Leader of Team Mojave and a noted archeologist. You've probably heard of him. The famous Phillip. Employs his sister and women he has sex with. No conflict of interest here.
Jenny (Allysin Chaynes) – Team Mojave member of the archeology crew, spends most of the film either without pants or without a shirt. She's only without both during the sex scenes, which she's also in a lot of. Allysin Chaynes is an adult film actress who has been hammered more than a blacksmith's hammer in such fine films as Double Penetration Virgins 8: DP Commandos, Look What I Found in the Street 5: Bus Stop Edition, and Long Dong Black Kong 1.
Rex (Frank Fortuna) – Member of Team Mojave who spends most of the film having sex with his female teammate Jenny. Frank Fortuna is an adult film star who has gone deep into more trenches than James Cameron in such films as Unbelievably Blond; Panties, She Wrote; and Cream Filling 2: Refill
April (Holly Hollywood) – One of the two Dirty Blondes and a lesbiarcheologist. She is part of Team Bora Bora and Phillip's sister. The famous Phillip that you've heard of. Holly Hollywood is an adult film actress who also has appeared in a score of softcore adventures such as The Erotic Mis-Adventures of the Invisible Man and The Model Solution.
Debbie Korvich (Jana Cova) – The other Dirty Blonde and the second lesbiarcheologist. Team Bora Bora. Has an accent. Jana Cova has had her curtains parted more times than the Fox Theater in such adult films such as Who Let the Cats Out, Lesbian Truth or Dare 1, and They Tied Me Topless.
Laka (Teanna Kai) – A native girl at Bora Bora who is friends with the Dirty Blondes. Like all Bora Borans, she runs around topless, has had a boob job, and has sex with random surfer dudes. Teanna Kai is an adult film performer who has been packed more than the Cheesecake Factory on a Friday night in such films as Lettin' Her Fingers Do The Walking, Rub The Muff 7, and Private Sports 3: Desert Foxxx.
Joe Torrence (???) – Surfer Joe Torrence is all about the perfect wave and looking for his dead father's body. Dr. Torrence is his father and the evil Dr. Drake Mordecai is Joe's uncle.
Posted by Tars Tarkas - April 19, 2012 at 2:38 pm
Categories: Movie Reviews, Ugly Tags: Allysin Chaynes, archeology is sexy, Blade Simpson, Francis Locke, Frank Fortuna, Holly Hollywood, Jana Cova, Lesbians, Nayenezgani, Overly long sex scenes, Rafe, Scott Alexander, softcore, Teanna Kai, Torchlight Pictures
Community Swingers (Review)
Community Swingers
Directed by Jeff Bay
Community Swingers is a softcore flick from Torchlight Entertainment, and it is from the large large group of pictures Torchlight dumped onto the world the last half of the aughts. If you have seen any of these films, you will note that they are light in plot and heavy in long long sex sequences. Oddly enough, Community Swingers differs from a lot of them, as it is not directed by Francis Locke (instead, Jeff Bay is credited, and let's pretend he's Michael Bay's brother because, why not?) and there are not many scenes shot either in the desert or at the local hotel near the desert. But it retains many of the hallmark signatures that have come to define Torchlight films, including the ever-present music of Blade Simpson. He's better than Sword Family Guy, but not as good as Katana SouthPark.
Community Swingers is not a good film. It is barely a film. The sex scenes are long. And I mean LOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONG! They go on forever! Stringing the sex scenes together are a few bits of actual plot, most of which is in scenes that last only a few minutes (or less than one minute in one example.) The plot itself is very simple and is resolved by someone just answering a question. So very simple. As the script was probably one page single-spaced in Word, all the sex scene padding was needed to hit the running time. The actresses in the film aren't bad looking, the extra characters also don't look terrible. The sets must have had a budget of less than $1000, and there are technical problems like the ever-present boom mike. The boom mike has more scenes than most of the actors. There is little information about the film online, no real cast list, and no real release date. The 2006 date is a guess based on the DVD release, but there is a 2003 copyright claim in the credits. Looks like we'll have to call in the Scooby Gang to solve this mystery!
I'm sure some of you are used to softcore films that have plots, actual actors, and charming qualities, but forget all you know or think you know. This is the world of Community Swingers! Not everything is bad, Nina Dolci's acting is amusing and completely inconsistent (a good director could probably get a great performance out of her) and some of the sex sequences pull of their jobs of being erotic or hot, even if they get bogged down by the length. Though I can't in good conscience give this high marks, I wouldn't hold back people from watching it, I would just inform them as the what they would encounter when watching, which might even let them enjoy the film more if they don't expect it to be something that it isn't. As for the film, let's get started swinging around the community!
Elaina (Mindy Vega) – Elaina enjoys the simple things. Nice clothes, condo lounging, reading Playboy, wearing bikini tops, having lesbian sex with any girl that moves, theorizing about the neighbor, and being converted from her homosexuality via dating someone rich. Mindy Vega runs her own webcam site, so Google her name if you want to see some stuff.
Jackie (Nina Dolci) – Jackie is Elaina's best friend and occasional lover. Jackie also pounces on the men, especially male strippers, her dream date. Jackie also doesn't put up with nonsense and likes to get to the bottom of things, but always believes in the worst of people she doesn't like. In a dark alleyway, you would want Jackie in your corner against any and all that would stand against you.
Lance Taylor (Frank Anthony) – An artist who makes art by making a lot of noise.
Boom Mike (a boom mike) – The boomiest mike of them all becomes a major star in Community Swingers, as he stalks and lies in wait to pounce on the two female leads, ready to attack when the least suspect it! Look out, ladies!
Posted by Tars Tarkas - September 7, 2011 at 12:20 am
Categories: Movie Reviews, Ugly Tags: Blade Simpson, Frank Anthony, Jeff Bay, Lesbians, Mindy Vega, Nina Dolci, Overly long sex scenes, softcore, Torchlight Pictures

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ricossa Antica Casa Piemonte Barbera Appassimento - One-of-a-Kind!
Barbera like you've never had it before, the Ricossa Antica Casa Piemonte Barbera Appassimento.
100% Barbera from Piedmont Italy. This is the first official Piemonte DOC Barbera appassimento wine.
This review is brought to you by Ricossa Wines.
The Ricossa Antica Casa Piemonte Barbera Appassimento has an SRP of $25.99 and is available for as low as $19.95. 10,000 bottles produced for the US market.
This wine has a unique, ruby red color. The bouquet is rich with berry-like aromas, homemade fruit jam, and earthy notes. This wine has a soft sweet flavor balanced with the typical acidity of our beloved Barbera grape. The smooth tannins help give a pleasant structure and nice finish.
This wine goes well with aged Italian cheeses, gamey meat, and savory cuisine like Korean barbecue. Serve between 16-18C/60-64F. Fine for serving shortly after opening.
As we mentioned above, this wine represents a first for Piedmont — it is the first official Piemonte DOC Barbera to be made in the appassimento method. The approval to create a wine in this style (the same as that used to make Amarone) was granted for the first time during the 2014 harvest. To make this wine Ricossa dried the harvested grapes for 4-6 weeks in small open cases. The resulting wine is also aged for 8 months in stainless steel tanks and another 2 months in bottle before being released.
The 2014 Ricossa Antica Casa Piemonte Barbera Appassimento begins with an excellent and enticing aroma full of sweet blackberries, plums, prunes, vanilla, some floral notes and a touch of chocolate. The wine tastes smooth, rich, round, soft and sweet with great depth of flavor and balance in its dark and red fruits. This is definitely a different type of Barbera but a really pleasing one at that and I love use of the appassimento method here. It ends quite long with more sweet fruit notes and nice touches of chocolate. It may be a first but I'm guessing this won't be the last Barbera from Piedmont made in this method, it's delicious!
Ready to buy the Ricossa Antica Casa Piemonte Barbera Appassimento? Check your local retailers.


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US designates Pakistan-based leaders of Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Jaish-e-Mohammed as terrorists
By Bill Roggio | December 2, 2010 | [email protected] | @billroggio
The US Treasury Department has targeted three senior leaders of the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Jaish-e-Mohammed, designating them as global terrorists. The two terror groups receive support from Pakistan's military and its intelligence service.
Today under Executive Order 13224, the Treasury added Amanullah Afrid, the top leader of the Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ); Matiur Rehman, LeJ's operations chief; and Abdul Rauf Azhar, senior leader in Jaish-e-Mohammed to the list of specially designated global terrorists. The designation allows the US to freeze the assets of the the senior leaders, prevent them from using financial institutions, and prosecute them for terrorist activities.
The Lashkar-e-Jhangvi is an anti-Shia terror group that has integrated with al Qaeda and the Taliban in Pakistan's tribal areas. The Lashkar-e-Jhangvi has an extensive network in Pakistan and serves as al Qaeda's muscle for terror attacks. The group has conducted numerous suicide and other terror attacks inside Pakistan. In particular, the Lashkar-e-Jhangvi is well known for carrying out sectarian terror attacks against minority Shia, Ahmadis, Sufis, and Christians in Pakistan.
The Jaish-e-Mohammed has participated in multiple terror attacks in India. Operating together with the Lashkar-e-Taiba, another Pakistani-military supported terror group, the two terror groups executed the December 2001 terror assault on the Indian Parliament in New Delhi. Jaish-e-Mohammed has provided crucial aid to al Qaeda, and its top leaders have integrated with the global terror movement.
Today's designations are the latest over the past month that have hit top Pakistan-based terror groups and leaders. On Nov. 24, the US State Department added the Falah-i Insaniat Foundation, a charitable front for the Lashkar-e-Taiba, as a terrorist entity; and the US Treasury Department added FIF leader Hafiz Abdur Rauf, and Lashkar-e-Taiba leaders Mian Abdullah and Mohammad Naushad Alam Khan, as specially designated global terrorists.
A few weeks earlier, on Nov. 4, the US Treasury added Jaish-e-Mohammed leader Massod Azhar, and Lashkar-e-Taiba leaders Azam Cheema and Hafiz Abdul Rahman Makki, as specially designated global terrorists.
Pakistan has refused to crack down on homegrown terror groups such as Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba, despite their covert and overt support for al Qaeda, the Taliban, and other terror groups. Inside Pakistan's military and intelligence services, which are the real powers in Pakistan, groups like Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba are seen as "strategic depth" against India, and are used as instruments of foreign policy.
Amanullah Afridi
Afridi was appointed the leader of LeJ in June 2009. The Treasury described Afridi as "a key figure in directing terrorist-related activities of LeJ for several years."
Afridi previously "prepared and provided suicide jackets for al Qaeda operations, trained suicide bombers and trained the assassin of Pakistani cleric Allama Hassan Turabi," a prominent Shia cleric. Turabi was killed in June 2006 in Karachi by a 16-year-old Bangladeshi suicide bomber.
Matiur Rehman, image from ABC News
Matiur Rehman
Matiur Rehman is a top operational leader who is said to manage al Qaeda's 'Rolodex' of fighters who have passed through training camps and safe houses. Treasury described Rehman as LeJ's "chief operational commander" and a "planning director" who has "worked on behalf of al Qaeda."
Rehman, who sits on al Qaeda's external operations council, has been traced to multiple plots against the West, including the 2006 London airline plot. The foiled attack, which has been called the "son of Bojinka," was modeled after the 1995 Bojinka plot devised by Khalid Shaikh Mohammed and his nephew Ramzi Yousef. Rehman also assisted Adnan el Shukrijumah, another top al Qaeda leader who is the operations chief for North America, in training the al Qaeda operatives who planned to attack trains in the New York City area last year.
"Rehman has also been implicated in plots or attacks against a former Pakistani president, a former Pakistani prime minister, and the U.S. consulate in Karachi," Treasury stated.
Abdul Rauf Azhar
Azhar has been identified by the Treasury Department as "a senior leader" of JeM who "has urged Pakistanis to engage in militant activities." In 2007, Azhar served as JeM's "acting leader."
Treasury described Azhar as a senior military commander in India and JeM's "intelligence coordinator."
"In 2008 Azhar was assigned to organize suicide attacks in India," according to Treasury. "He was also involved with JeM's political wing and has served as a JeM official involved with training camps."
Tags: Jaish-e-Mohammed, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Pakistan
Mr T says:
Really? Ya think? Did someone just wake up or did Wikileaks just finally expose these people.
zarin says:
This is true that these terrorist organizations are created and fully supported by Pakistani agencies. Pakistani police or courts are not in position to trace arrest or prosecute them. It is known that Paki intellgence agencies are close to American one. Their mother institutions are still running in Pakistan. Their nurseries are producing huge force and recruits. By naming three or putting them on list is not the solution. I think Americans know this but in my openion either:
They do not want to dismentle these organizations and their bases due to following reasons.
1- They are not in position to do so or
2- They want to keep them alive to use them in future against Iran or any one else or
3- They have no sufficent informations and Pakistani security forces are fooling them.
Don't confuse a designation under Executive Order 13224 by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury which is a financial sanction with the attention these people are certainly already getting by our intelligence services and the military.
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13224
wakeup says:
Finally is the US administration awake or they are just getting some heat. Every one in Pakistan and around the world that Pakistan foments terror seeds with money flowing in from UAE Saudi Arabia
Yet nothing has ever been done? We are risking lives of thousands of innnocent soldiers lives in Afghanistan and on other hand we are supporting and financing the same machine that is killing the soldiers.
It is height of hypocracy. Either Americans are foolish or blind or involved in some soft of masochist grand plan to destroy themselves. Pakistani Military is the seed of terror from Chechnya to Zambia.
Why was a ministry building razed to fire in Pakistani Capital just within a month of Sept 11 2001?
Destroy Pakistani terror machine and you can resolve all this terror acts and free Americans from travel hurdles. Stop this nonsense of pretending. Acknowledge once and for all.


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Phuket Family Holiday | Kata Rocks Resort Phuket Thailand
Home » Blog » Phuket Experiences » Phuket Family Life – Better than an Endless Holiday
Phuket Family Life – Better than an Endless Holiday
Imagine being born to a Phuket family: growing-up on a paradise tropical island surrounded by nature.
Picnicking at a different view point each holiday. Your childhood is filled with surfing, sailing and snorkelling. You enjoy scuba diving, excursions to neighbouring islands, and treks on elephants or horses. You also love national park waterfalls and pristine beaches. Finally, you have a world-class education, international friends and no shortage of amusing entertainment choices.
This can be the life of lucky souls born in Phuket Island, Thailand. Phuket family life relishes in the abundant, clean-air environment that is Thailand's largest island resort. The climate allows for all kinds of outdoor and water sports year-round. In this, the most prized tourist area of the country – and arguably the entire tropical Asia region, world class medical facilities and international education are booming.
Phuket was first discovered by the western world when "Dutch, English and the French, competed for the opportunity to trade with the island of Phuket" (Wikipedia). From that time, Phuket held a notable position in the global map, attracting traders and their families to its shores. Later they came for tourism, and finally: international luxury living.
Phuket is composed of one large island and approximately 40 minor islands/islets. As you would expect for a Singapore-sized state with global tourism as its main economy, Phuket boasts all the contemporary amenities found in modern destinations. After all, it has become a must-visit holiday location for Kate Moss, Jean Claude Van Dam, David Beckham, Paula Abdul, Kevin Spacey, Leonardo Di Caprio, Pierce Brosnan, and Mick Jagger.
Not to mention Bill Gates, numerous royalty and a surprising number of billionaires who own holiday homes. They fly to Phuket's seaside airport on private jets, then ride a yacht or helicopter to their oceanfront villa. Attracting stars in their flip-flops, Phuket is becoming the French Riviera of the east. However as it's still a part of Thailand, Phuket family life does not necessarily cost much to enjoy.
Phuket Family Life Attractions
The Phuket family enjoys an array of affordable and top-notch international school choices. English language programs are found in a selection of public and private schools, which often draw from the American Curriculum. On the pricier and higher-end, is a British International School with a boarding option (UK National Curriculum). Also, the newer Phuket International Academy with its International Baccalaureate (IB) program features "Social Emotional Learning/Mindfulness" and professional sports facilities.
Benefiting the Phuket family as well, is a highly-connected international airport which is continually expanding to more global routes. From high-fashion shopping malls with new-run movie theatres, to world-class marinas and sprawling villa estates; big money development has brought Phuket increasing attention.
Phuket Island used to be notorious for its Patong nightlife area which comprises 16 km² or 2.8% of the province. Although that particular bay area is catering to party goers, we can observe countless Asian and European groups happily enjoying a fun-filled Phuket family holiday in this seaside destination.
A full look at Phuket reveals much more than nightlife and beaches. It is a place where families migrate to escape the "rate race" that is urban life.
Getting back to what really matters in life (such as nature and culture) allows the modern Phuket family to add value in their daily experience, without compromising modern comforts.
The island has come a long way in the past 30 years. From dirt roads and backpackers in the 1980's, to now boasting half a dozen international-standard hospitals. Those facilities are led by Phuket International Hospital, Bangkok Phuket Hospital and the island's new high-tech Dibuk Hospital. Medical tourists fly-in from numerous developed nations to take advantage of Thailand's discounted, highest-quality health care facilities.
Few years ago, an island-wide challenge became rush hour traffic due to insufficient public transport. However, the island already has one completed underpass and another is being constructed right now. At least two more are being planned.
With its well connected airport and such new, convenient infrastructure coming online, the standard of living and doing business in Phuket is an increasingly attractive draw for Westerners. Following a joyful Phuket family holiday, portions of the roughly 3.2 million annual airport arrivals are tempted — and finally end up settling down here.
Given all those arriving families, many hotels cater to young children by providing entertainment for children, babysitter services, and kids clubs. Families cannot seem to get enough of Phuket. They are drawn by rich cultural festivals, healthy cuisine, and nature in a comfortable climate. Moreover, the economics of Phuket family-life allow families to hire a nanny, driver, maid, chef and/or housekeeper for only 15,000-30,000 THB (500-1,000 USD) each per month.
While prices have risen over the years, foreign currency will always hold greater value than in other regions. This has created an influx of foreign early-retirees. Settlers, digital nomads and investors benefit most from the favorable currency exchange. Kata Rocks Resort and Residences is one development that won numerous international awards. It is among a superclass of well-located oceanfront villas, and the first to introduce smart-home automation technology.
Meanwhile, new family-style attractions are skyrocketing on Phuket. These include Baan Teelanka which is an upside down house with a 950 m² garden maze built in 2014. Splash Jungle is a world class water park, and a new 20 million Euro water park is also under construction on over 40-rai in the centre of the island.
Notable attractions for families are too many to fully discuss here. However, other highlights include a live-action family game called Mystery Chamber, a number of world class magic, cabaret and acrobatic shows. Las Vegas style Thai Cultural Shows Siam Niramit and Phuket Fantasea are now well known. The fabulous Trick Eye Museum, numerous elephant trekking spots and six golf courses are always fun. Likewise, are the mini golf courses, two wake boarding parks, and Surf House Phuket which is an impressive new wave-machine for board riding.
Finally, Phuket boasts three modern zip line treetop courses, triathlon clubs and horseback riding on the beach. Beyond the above, many yacht clubs and Phuket's 15 pristine beaches, there are countless other family attractions forming an ever-growing list.
Phuket family life truly does offer great value for raising a family with top medical care and world class international education. Therefore, settling down in Phuket remains an appealing option for families. Phuket's nature, global service culture and international air routes bring convenience and joy to life. While its global entertainment choices provide endless opportunities for memorable family time.
When raising a family, what else could you wish for?


ACE-TECH 2017 expo is a 3-day event being held from 6th October to the 8th October 2017 at the Bangalore International Exhibition Centre(BIEC) in Bangalore, India.
Alfaa UV is pleased to welcome you to visit our booth (Stall: E-32) at ACE TECH – 2017 Expo.
There are plenty of good reasons to visit Alfaa UV. It will give you a comprehensive look at our machinery and products. It will be the perfect opportunity to get to know each other better and learn more about what we have to offer you.


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April 7, 2014 by TY
Scoring the win by a knockout, the new Elvis Song Champion of the World. . . .
It has been a grueling contest, but sixty-four songs have finally been narrowed to one. Thank you to everyone who participated. Votes came in from all over the world, making this a truly international event.
I also want to thank everyone who took the time in this final round to submit suggestions about the site. Since the replies are anonymous, I am unable to thank you individually, but please know your comments are appreciated. Some of them validated plans I already had in the works, while others were new concepts that I will take under consideration. One of them, I have already implemented, but more on that later.
Back to the Elvis Mania 2014 tournament, it came down to "Mystery Train" versus "Suspicious Minds." As Colin commented when the championship round began, "This is the hardest choice yet!"
However, the readers of The Mystery Train Blog have spoken, in overwhelming fashion.
In an 84% to 16% victory, scoring the win by a knockout, the new Elvis Song Champion of the World . . . "Suspicious Minds"!
In his lifetime, Elvis released five main versions of "Suspicious Minds." His original, January 1969 studio recording of the song was backed with "You'll Think Of Me" and released as a single that August. "Suspicious Minds" became his first number one hit since "Good Luck Charm" in 1962.
Barbara McNair and Elvis Presley in CHANGE OF HABIT (1969)
Just as "Suspicious Minds" hit the airwaves and record shops, Elvis was appearing throughout August in Las Vegas at the International Hotel. RCA recorded several of his concerts, including his August 26, 1969, Dinner Show. At this concert, Elvis performed a nearly eight-minute version of the song, which he dedicated to Barbara McNair, his Change of Habit co-star who was in the audience. Though his dedication was edited out, the performance was featured on the Elvis In Person portion of the double LP From Memphis To Vegas/From Vegas To Memphis.
Captured live at the August 12, 1970, Midnight Show, a six-minute version of "Suspicious Minds" in Vegas became a setpiece of the documentary film Elvis-That's The Way It Is. Elvis fans had to watch the movie to enjoy it, though, for the performance remained otherwise unreleased until 2000 – 23 years after the singer's death.
Live versions of "Suspicious Minds" also featured prominently on the albums As Recorded At Madison Square Garden (1972) and Aloha From Hawaii via Satellite (1973) as well as the Aloha From Hawaii TV broadcast. The song even appeared briefly in the 1972 documentary Elvis On Tour.
In Ken Sharp's Writing For The King (2006), songwriter Mark James described how he came up with the song: "I had the idea for 'Suspicious Minds' and it started coming to me one night. First the title came and I thought about it and lived with it for a while. Then the lyric came to me, 'caught in a trap, I can't walk out because I love you too much, baby.' What I was trying to say is we can't live together or attain our dreams or build on anything if we don't trust one another" (p. 213). James released his version as a single in 1968, but it failed to find an audience.
Many other artists have recorded "Suspicious Minds" since Elvis, including Waylon Jennings (1970), Dee Dee Warwick (1971), Fine Young Cannibals (1985), Dwight Yoakam (1992), and Daughtry (2007). With an arrangement inspired by Warwick's recording, Martina McBride has a version of "Suspicious Minds" coming out tomorrow on her new album, Everlasting.
To view the full results of Elvis Mania 2014, check out the tournament's page on Challonge.com. Among those eligible (i.e., not including me), "JakeMarston" earned the highest score for his predictions. He will receive a Legacy Edition CD of an Elvis title of his choice, courtesy of The Mystery Train Blog.
Only it is no longer The Mystery Train Blog. One of the suggestions that came in during the last round was, "After crowning Suspicious Minds as the best Elvis song, rename blog to The Suspicious Minds Blog." The person went on to explain that he or she was only joking, but I have decided to move forward with the suggestion anyway.
For the next month, The Mystery Train Blog will now be known as The Suspicious Minds Blog. Until then, we're caught in a trap.
Elvis Presley in 1969
This entry was posted in Music, The Mystery Train 1.0 Blog and tagged Barbara McNair, bracket, Change Of Habit, Elvis In Person, Elvis Mania, Elvis Presley, From Memphis To Vegas/From Vegas To Memphis, Ken Sharp, Las Vegas, Suspicious Minds, tournament. Bookmark the permalink.
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7 thoughts on "Scoring the win by a knockout, the new Elvis Song Champion of the World. . . ."
Sonny Wright | April 8, 2014 at 8:06 AM
I think Suspicious Minds is the perfect song to identify w/Elvis
Joe | April 8, 2014 at 9:24 AM
Elvis gives the song life, he infuses his energy and power into it. Elvis at his best!
Ty | April 8, 2014 at 7:58 PM
I was one of the few who voted for "Mystery Train," but I was torn. Both incredible songs. It was definitely a No-Lose Scenario.
Thomas | April 8, 2014 at 4:06 PM
This is the song! http://www.elvistodayblog.com/2010/01/special-moments-with-ftd-10.html
Hey Thomas, you should post a new version of your article to reflect the full set of takes as available on Back In Memphis FTD. You could make Elvis Today Blog: Special Editions and go back and update various posts like that. Takes less time than starting completely from scratch, but would give the rest of us a chance to read your Elvis writing again. If George Lucas can do it, why not you?
Jake Marston | April 8, 2014 at 11:00 PM
Hey Ty, I can't believe I came in the top two…congrats on your predictions! I've been an Elvis fan my whole life and living in Memphis has exposed me to tons of grat Elvis stories. I love the Legacy series and appreciate the chance to get a new one one.
How do I get in touch with you? Jake Marston
Ty | April 9, 2014 at 6:08 AM
Jake, congratulations again! You should have received a message from me on April 7 via the challonge.com site, where you made your prediction. I have also sent you an email just now with instructions on how to retrieve the message. As noted, please let me know if you encounter any issues retrieving the message. Thanks.


text:
Succession Cause E024 of 2021
In re Estate of LNOL (Deceased) (Succession Cause E024 of 2021) [2022] KEHC 14367 (KLR) (27 October 2022) (Ruling)
In re Estate of LNOL (Deceased)
High Court at Narok
Francis Gikonyo
Shikanda for Applicant, Ms. Opondo for Petitioners
Neutral citation: [2022] KEHC 14367 (KLR)
In the High Court at Narok
F Gikonyo, J
IN THE MATTER OF THE ESTATE OF LNOL (DECEASED)
SNLL
1st Administrator
2nd Administrator
3rd Administrator
1.By Summons for Revocation of Grant of letters of administration dated 20th April 2022 expressed to be brought under Section 76(b) of the Law of Succession Act, and Rule 44(1) of the Probate and Administration Rules, the applicant is seeking the following orders: -a.THAT the special limited grant issued to SNLL, JNL AND LK on the 20th December ,2021 be revoked.b.THAT all other grant issued by this honourable court be and are hereby revoked.c.THAT an order for the administrators to account for and reimburse the amount disbursed from the client's account in the firm of Gikera & Vadgama Advocates.d.THAT fresh grant be issued including PSM as an administrator on account of her being a legally recognized wife to the deceased.e.THAT the costs of this application be in the cause.f.THAT any other order that the court may deem fit.
2.The application is supported by the affidavit of PM sworn on 20/04/2022.
3.The grounds in support of the prayers sought were that LNOL died on 3/09/2021 and a special limited grant was issued to SNLL, JNL and LK on 20th December 2021. However, the administrators fraudulently obtained the special grant by failing to reveal to the court that the deceased was survived by a second widow as well as two adopted daughters. The court issued the orders granting the special limited grant oblivious to the existence of the second wife and dependent daughters and the overall circumstances of the case. That the applicant is a second wife and beneficiary of the deceased having undergone a customary marriage with the deceased in September 2016. That she lived with the deceased as husband and wife from the aforesaid date as until his unfortunate demise on 3/09/2021. They built their matrimonial home on parcel no. 7644 of CIS MARA/ILMASHARIANI MORIJO/XXX. That during his ailment she personally took care of the deceased in her capacity as his wife. As a matter of fact, on 18th august 2021, when the deceased developed general weakness while in his house, they rushed him to Medicitia hospital in Narok town after which he was transferred to Aga Khan hospital. It was only after his untimely demise that the deceased first family took over the burial proceedings without her inclusion treating her like a complete outsider. That at all material times, the administrators were aware of her existence and her status as a co-wife to SNLL. That in fact they have had several forums in the presence of the local administrators seeking to resolve the family disputes. Furthermore, the applicant through her advocates, she sent a letter to Gikera & Vadgama advocates, the advocates on record for the administrators informing them of her presence and seeking their indulgence not to distribute the funds held in the client account pending hearing and determination of the succession matter. At all material times being the wife of the deceased, the applicant together with her two daughters whom he took up as his own were fully dependent on him. That evidently, the applicants as well as their advocates were well aware of her existence and that of her family but deliberately opted to conceal this fact to steal a match and embezzle the deceased's estate to her suffering and disadvantage. That she has an equal right to the grant of representation and she did not consent to the making of the special limited grant to the administrators herein. That this court should allow the application in the interest of justice.
4.The administrators/ respondents opposed the application vide a replying affidavit sworn on 22/06/2022 by the 1st Administrator/ respondent. She deponed that the deceased married the respondent on 13/12/1969 in accordance with the Maasai customs. Later on, 23/01/1977 they conducted a Christian marriage which was registered under The African Christian Marriage and Divorce Act CAP 151. The 1st administrator/respondent and the deceased were blessed with 4 children; SPL, JNL, KL and PL. Up to the time of the demise of the deceased, the 1st administrator/respondent and the deceased were married and there were no divorce proceedings filed seeking to annul their union. It was therefore impossible for the deceased to have married the applicant in 2016 when their marriage was still valid. That she is aware that in September 2016 when the applicant alleges to have undergone customary marriage with the deceased, she was married to one HK. The marriage between the applicant and HK was dissolved on 15th August 2017 in Narok SPMC Divorce Cause No. 3 of 2016. That as at September 2016, the applicant lacked capacity to contract any other marriage. That the deceased did not have adoptive children as alleged by the applicant or at all. That the applicant has not provided any evidence of adoption or dependency. That it is not true that there was any customary marriage conducted between the applicant and the deceased because of a) according to Maasai customs if a man wishes to marry a second wife, he is required to seek permission of the first wife and the children who are above 18 years. The deceased did not inform her or any of her 4 children all of whom are adults that he intended to marry or had married the applicant. b) the deceased did not pay any dowry for the applicant. c) there was no marriage ceremony conducted for the applicant. The applicant has not presented any evidence that such ceremony was ever conducted. The applicant is therefore misleading the court and she prayed that the applicant should not be allowed to benefit from the estate of the deceased. That there was no misrepresentation on the part of the respondent when she applied for the special limited grant dated 20/12/2021. All her children are aware of these proceedings and those who are not named as administrators have given their consent. The special limited grant dated 20/12/2021 was obtained solely for the purposes of maintaining and preserving the estate including paying utilities and operational costs incidental to the running of the deceased estate which includes a dairy and agricultural farm, residential houses and to provide for upkeep pending the making of a full grant. She prayed that this court dismisses the applicant's application with costs.
Applicant's submissions.
5.The applicant submitted that the union between her and Mr. K be construed to have ended on account of presumption of divorce notwithstanding that no decree nisi was obtained from the court to have the marriage dissolved. Both the applicant and Mr. K since their separation continued with their lives as single adults capable of contracting subsequent marriages even in the absence of the decree absolute. That in light of the circumstances of the casein issue, this court ought to take a de novo approach and determine the matter with due regard to common sense and sensible policy.
6.The applicant submitted that she was validly married to the deceased under Maasai customary law and she underwent a customary /cultural process of divorce that set her free to be married by another man. That though the deceased was still married to the 1st administrator/respondent at the time they had fallen out and had lived separately. That the deceased was fully aware of the two daughters under the applicant's care; that is after the split custody the former husband took custody of the two sons leaving the applicant with full custody of the two daughters. The deceased gladly took the two daughters as his own where he assumed full paternal responsibility including paying their school and living expenses. Therefore, the applicant and the two daughters are dependants and have beneficial interest over the deceased's estate.
7.The applicant submitted that the petition for special limited grant was not presented in good faith before this court as it failed the legal test set out in Section 76 as there was concealment of material facts concerning the deceased's estate. That the petition for special limited grant did not disclose the applicant as a wife to the deceased. That no notice was issued to the applicant informing them of the respondent's petition for special limited grant over the deceased's estate. The applicant and her two daughters had equal rights to the deceased's estate and therefore they were entitled to be notified and their consent sought before petitioning the probate court. As a result, the special limited grant should stand revoked.
8.The applicant has relied on the following authorities;i.Re Estate of Jecinter Njoki Okoth (Deceased) [2020] eKLR.ii.Section 119 of the Evidence Act.iii.Section 16 of the Marriage Act.iv.Tukero Ole Kina V Attorney General & Another [2019] eKLRv.In Re Estate of Oloikampai Sarapae Sanguti (Deceased) [2018] eKLRvi.Section 3(1), 29, 3(2) and 76 of the Law of Succession Act.vii.Rule 26(1) of the Probate and Administration Rules.viii.In The Matter of The Estate of L.A.K. (Deceased) [2014] eKLRix.Re Estate of Moses Wachira Kimotho (Deceased) Succession Cause 122 Of 2002 [2009] eKLR.x.In Re Estate of Julius Ndubi Javan (Deceased) [2018] eKLR.xi.Albert Imbuga Kisigwa Vs Recho Kavai Kisigwa Succession Cause No. 158 Of 2020.
Respondents' submissions
9.The respondents submitted that the applicant was not a spouse. That at the alleged time when the applicant claims the customary marriage was celebrated; September 2016, the deceased was in a monogamous marriage with the respondent which was contracted on 23/01/1977 under the African Christian marriage and divorce act CAP 151. It was therefore not possible for the deceased to contract a marriage with the applicant as alleged. That the applicant admitted to have been married to K at the time she claims under went the customary marriage with the deceased. Her divorce was finalized on 15/08/2017 when the decree absolute was issued. Therefore, she could not have had capacity to contract a marriage before that date.
10.The respondents submitted that the applicant has not adduced evidence or called any witnesses to support her claim of customary marriage which is held in public. The only witness is her father.
11.The respondents submitted that the authenticity of the two photographs of the applicant and the decease are in doubt. That the said photos are not sufficient proof of marriage.
12.The respondents submitted that no evidence of marriage ceremony, dowry negotiations between the family of the applicant and that of the deceased have been provided.
13.The respondent submitted that the applicant was not a dependant, that the receipts showing payment of school fees of the applicant's daughters are unclear who was making payments. There is nothing linking the receipts to the deceased. That is also not true that the deceased constructed a matrimonial home for the applicant on land parcel no. CIS MARA/ILMASHARIANI MORIJO/XXX.
14.The respondents submitted that the deceased was survived by only one widow, SNLL to whom he got married under statute and with whom they were blessed with 4 issues.
15.The respondents submitted that the applicant lacked the capacity to contract the alleged marriage with the deceased since she was married to HK at the time, she alleges the deceased married her.
16.The respondents submitted that the applicant has not demonstrated dependency fraud, concealment of misrepresentation to warrant the revocation of the special limited grant issued on 20/12/2021.
17.In the end, the respondents submitted that there was no concealment or misrepresentation of any fact. She prayed that this court exercises its discretion and dismiss the application dated 20/04/2022 with costs.
18.The respondents relied on the following authorities;i.Section 76, and 29 of the Law of Succession Act.ii.Section 9(a) of the Marriage Act ,2014.iii.Machani Vs Vernoor [1985] eKLR.iv.Re Estate of Giovanni Gremmo (Deceased) [2019] eKLR.v.Re Estate of Ruiru Muchohi Gikonyo [2022] eKLR.vi.Milena Bora Vs Liana Tamburelli [2016] eKLR.vii.Macfoy Vs United Africa Co. [1961] 3 ALL ER 1169 At Page 1172.viii.Sakina Sote Kaittany & Another Vs Mary Wamaitha [1995] eKLR.ix.MWK VS AMW [2017] eKLR.x.Re Estate of JMW (Deceased) [2020] eKLR.xi.Section 107 Of the Evidence Act.xii.Re Estate of The Late M'thigai Muchangi (Deceased) [2020] eKLR.xiii.Albert Imbuga Kisigwa Vs Recho Karai Kisigwa [2016] eKLR.
ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION
19.I have considered the summons, the affidavit in support, replying affidavit, the rival written submissions by parties and authorities cited. For reasons that will become clear, the key issue for the Court's determination is should stem from the very last prayer in the application, to wit;… any other order that the court may deem fit.
20.I have cast the issue in form of ''any other order that the court may deem fit'' for good reasons. This is a petition for limited grant which is ordinarily limited in scope, function or purpose and is time-bound. In this realization, I ordered inter alia the petitioners to file a substantive succession cause within the time specified in my orders made on 20th December, 2021. And, prudence has it that, claims such as; i) the applicant's capacity to contract a marriage; ii) adoption of her children by the deceased; and iii) dependency; are better litigated in the substantive cause which provides a more intense and intrusive plenary or forum. Notably I ordered the filing of a substantive succession cause-which ought to have been filed already.
21.In light thereof, litigating such complex and pertinent issues in a petition for limited grant perforce causes unnecessary delay to administration of the estate of the deceased.
22.And, to obviate any prejudice to the applicant I will not evaluate the substantive issues in the application.
23.I will draw upon the power of the court in section 47 and rule 73 of the Law of Succession Act and Probate and Administration Rules, respectively in fashioning appropriate orders herein.
24.Of great value here is that; I will determine this matter by considering the nature of the limited grant herein, the orders I issued on 20.12.2021 and in interest of justice.
25.The orders of 20th December, 2021 were as follows: -1.THAT the petition be and is hereby certified urgent.2.THAT a special limited grant is issued to SNLL, JNL AND LL AND LK.3.THAT the grant is limited to collecting and preserving the Kshs. 5,000,000/= held in the client's account in the firm of Gikera & Vadgama advocates.4.THAT the said firm of advocates shall pay the said sum of money into an estate account so designated by the bank in the names of the three petitioners within 21 days of this order.5.THAT except a sum towards immediate needs of the widow which should not exceed Kshs. 200,000 no other money shall be paid out of the estate account opened in accordance with (4) above unless with the order of the court pursuant to (6) below.6.THAT the petitioners shall file in court the estimated widow's expenses for the farm within 21 days of today for consideration and order by the court.7.THAT the grant herein shall be drawn in accordance with the specific terms stated herein.8.THAT the grant shall specifically indicate that it does not vest the power of distribution of the estate.9.THAT the petitioners shall file a substantive petition for grant of letters of administration within 30 days.
26.Orders number 3,4 and 5 hemps the major purpose and scope of the grant herein.
27.The grant is limited to collecting and preserving the sum of Kshs. 5, 000,000 which was being held in the clients' account in the firm of Gikera & Vadgama Advocates into an estate account in the names of the petitioners. Except, a sum of Kshs. 200,000 was to be paid out for immediate expenses of the widow herein. At least, in the words of the applicant the widow herein is the 1st wife of the deceased. And payment of the said sum is within her right and upon the order of the court. No prejudice should be read in that kind of payment in respect of the estate property or rights of other beneficiaries. I am only concerned with due observance of my orders by the petitioner, and I do not expect any breach thereof, for there is no order preventing them from complying. The letter by the applicant has no legal force or authority- and legal counsel herein know this- to stop compliance with the court orders herein. It bears repeating, orders inter alia were collection and preservation of the funds in question into an estate account. The grant was replete with all safe valves in law.
28.Now, therefore, I find no reason to revoke the limited grant. I direct the applicant to file her application in the main cause I ordered the petitioners to file. In that connection, the petitioners shall appear in court on a date to be appointed to confirm full compliance with my earlier orders of 20/12/2021. It is so ordered.
DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED AT NAROK THROUGH TEAMS APPLICATION, THIS 27TH DAY OF OCTOBER, 2022F. Gikonyo M.JudgeIn the presence of:1. Shikanda for the applicant2. Ms. Opondo for Petitioners3. Mr. Kasaso – CA


text:
Raising and Educating Deaf Children Academic Language: What Teachers of the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Need to Know
eBulletins
Academic Language: What Teachers of the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Need to Know
By the early 2000s, every state in the United States had developed, adopted, and begun to assess student learning based on what became known as the Common Core State Standards. These standards address college- and career-readiness as well as what children should know and be able to do in grades K-12. The Common Core Standards require academic language development — knowledge of vocabulary, syntax, and discourse specific to each subject area — in reading, writing, and face-to-face language (spoken or signed). A focus on academic language is also seen in assessments, such as the edTPA, which are required for teacher certification in many states.
The inability to master academic language is, in part, a contributor to low academic achievement. For many d/Deaf or hard-of-hearing students (DHH) this may be because they are faced with the challenge of mastering both subject matter content and language proficiency simultaneously. In other words, many DHH children often simultaneously learn language (vocabulary, syntax, and morphology), learn about language (how language is effectively used in varying situations and content areas), and learn through language (new content).
Some DHH children will be learning English as a second language (L2); others will not. For all children, both hearing and DHH, access to a complete language at a young age, regardless of the modality (visual or spoken), is important to their development of their first language (L1). Competent use of a first language provides a needed foundation for learning academic English whether as a second language or as a more sophisticated form of English. Children's environments (home and school) should provide accessible high-quality and language-rich experiences including storybook reading, social interactions, conversations, and writing.
The research with hearing English Language Learners (ELLs) has a strong research-base pointing to effective instructional practices that develop academic language in English (their L2). Broadly speaking, these practices and instructional strategies focus on:
Using and teaching academic language in all communication — speaking (signing), reading, and writing — and across all content areas
Using both a child's first and second language to develop academic language in each content area by strategically incorporating use of academic language in the child's first language especially when introducing new or difficult concepts
Developing a child's vocabulary and comprehension skills using direct and explicit instruction and with accessible yet content rich materials
Teaching and modelling the writing process across a variety of purposes for writing and in each content area
Training teachers to incorporate academic language across content areas
Some, but not all of the above practices have been researched specifically with DHH students; many have not been. The rising number of DHH high school students who are well prepared for college does indicate that many DHH students have acquired a level of academic language necessary for post-secondary education and for careers.
What we don't know
Until very recently, little attention has been paid specifically to academic language development in DHH students in either their first (ASL or English) or second language (English). Researchers and teachers who work with DHH students generally agree that practices and strategies that have been shown to be effective with hearing children (in the case of academic language, this would be research with hearing ELLs) should provide a basis for instruction of DHH children in areas in which there is no specific research base for effective practice. Practices borrowed from the work with ELLs should, however, be validated with DHH learners. This is particularly important since national data continues to show that many DHH students still leave high school reading below their age-appropriate grade level.
We also do not know how relevant content knowledge of interpreters affects their ability to convey ASL in an academic register. Furthermore, we have little research providing us with evidence-based practices for bridging academic language in L1 (ASL) to academic language in L2 (English).
Because learning language can be challenging to some DHH children and because academic language is necessary for academic achievement and for most careers, DHH students need highly skilled teachers who have good command of and linguistic understanding of the language(s) in which they instruct children. Additionally, teachers need expertise in teaching all aspects of language arts — speaking, signing (if appropriate), reading, and writing — across and within content areas and proficiency in identifying academic language demands in content area materials. Furthermore, we need to ensure that teachers use and teach academic language throughout all disciplinary instruction.
Barbara Strassman
Strassman{at}tcnj.edu
Higgins, J., Famularo, L., Cawthon, S., Kurz, C., Reis, J. & Moers, L. (2016). Development of American Sign Language guidelines for K-12 academic assessments. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 21, 383–393. view details
Scott, J. & Hoffmeister, R. (2017). American Sign Language and academic English: Factors influencing the reading of bilingual secondary school deaf and hard of hearing students. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 22, 59-71. view details
Copyright © 2019 Oxford University Press


-IN VETRALLA: walk along the characteristic corners and lanes of Vetralla, discover 'rione San Giuseppe', 'piazza dell'Oca', 'vicolo del sole'; visit San Francesco Romanesque church (11th century); join Vetralla's folklore with a lot of festivals and celebrations during the year; discover many interesting Etruscan sites as NORCHIA, GROTTA PORCINA, FORO CASSIO.
-IN VITERBO: visit the old city centre, Palazzo dei Papi and the medieval pathway of San Pellegrino; discover the subterranean area of Viterbo city; reach Bagnaia (just 5 Km from Viterbo) to visit Villa Lante (Reinassance period) with italian gardens and fountains.
SPA IN VITERBO (HEALTH SPA): A twelve-kilometre fracture in the earth's crust, through which hyper-thermal waters (40° - 58° C), rich in sulphurous salts and calcium bicarbonate, magnesium, etc., are forced by the pressure of sulphurous and carbonic gases. This waters have always been highly appreciated for their therapeutic properties. TERME DEI PAPI Health Center (http://www.termedeipapi.it/index.php?zn=home) is the main spa in Viterbo but many other springs are located in various areas of Viterbo, many of them are still wild and free.
-TUSCANIA: visit the old town centre and the two main churches San Pietro (XI century) and Santa Maria Maggiore (IX century).
-BOMARZO: PARCO DEI MOSTRI (Sacro Bosco) or garden of Bomarzo is a Manieristic monumental complex with many astonishing stone sculptures and small buildings.
-CIVITA DI BAGNOREGIO: a charming town in a striking position atop a plateau of friable volcanic tuff overlooking the Tiber river valley. The only way to reach the town is to walk on a long and narrow bridge.
-LAKES: VICO'S LAKE with the naturalistic area which sorrounds it and the village of Caprarola where Palazzo Farnese (villa of the Reinassance period) is. BOLSENA'S LAKE for bathing and for visits to all the villages upon it (Bolsena, Marta, Capodimonte, Montefiascone).
-ETRUSCAN SITES: visit the most famous archaelogical etruscan sites of the center of Italy: Vetralla, Blera, Sutri, Tarquinia, Tuscania, Cerveteri, Vulci.
-LANDSCAPE AND NATURE: Marturanum park, a natural reserve in Barbarano Romano; walking, jogging and mountain biking in Vetralla (Monte Fogliano); natural reserve around Vico's lake.
-ROME: visits to the main interesting,cultural and touristic places in Rome with one day trips from Vetralla by bus, train or your own car (Villa Borghese parking in the centre of Rome at just 65 Km).


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text:
Core Business Systems
Experience Management with Qualtrics
Bringing a significantly modified, outdated SAP environment up to date, six weeks early and under budget, for a major financial institution
A large, very high-profile financial institution needed to bring its SAP environment up to date with the latest support packs.
They had a production system and four additional landscapes, two for development and two for quality assurance. Each environment consisted of the SAP ERP application and the SAP NetWeaver® Business Warehouse, Process Integration and Portal components.
These hadn't been updated for some time because a significant amount of bespoke work had been carried out. Hence, the client issued a 'Request for Quote' (RFQ).
After careful consideration Pivot was chosen, even in preference to the rival consultancy, who had been providing the on-going support.
In its response to the RFQ, Pivot set out a detailed and comprehensive project plan, with costings and timescales. A key part of this was patching the production environment over a weekend to ensure there was no disruption to day-to-day business, with a contingency option should things not go to plan. In the event, the contingency option wasn't needed as the cutover went smoothly.
Pivot's experienced technology consultants first undertook a proof of concept, creating a sixth landscape on which to update the database and apply the Support Stacks that were needed to bring the systems up to date. The benefit of doing this was that it gave Pivot's staff experience of the organisation's systems, allowed them to undertake some basic testing before working on the live landscapes and enabled them to time how long each activity took, which would be crucial for updating the production system.
Once everyone was satisfied with the proof of concept, the same processes were applied to the development landscapes.
On completion of the updates, unit testing was undertaken and one of Pivot's specialist technical architects adapted the bespoke tables and programs to ensure they would still work with the updated SAP software.
Finally, the updated systems underwent user acceptance testing in the QA environment with support from Pivot. Throughout the project Pivot's experts worked closely with the client's staff and the third party support organisation.
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text:
Куниаки Коисо () е японски офицер (генерал) и политик: генерал-губернатор на Корея, министър по колониалните въпроси и 41-ви министър-председател на Япония.

Ранни години
Куниаки Коисо е роден на 22 март 1880 г. в Уцуномия (префектура Точиги) в семейство на полицай със самурайски корени.

Кариера в армията
През 1900 г. Коисо завършва Императорската армейска академия и постъпва в Армейския военен колеж. През юни 1901 г. е произведен в чин лейтенант и разпределен в 30-и пехотен полк. През ноември 1903 г. става старши лейтенант, а през септември 1904 г., по време на Руско-японската война, служи като батальонен адютант. В март 1905 г. е командир на рота, а през юни 1905 г. е произведен в чин капитан. През ноември 1910 г. Коисо се дипломира от Армейския военен колеж, и пред декември се връща в Императорската армейска академия като инструктор. През септември 1912 г. получава назначение в Квантунската армия, а в август 1914 г. е повишен в майор и му е поведерено командването на батальон във Втори пехотен полк. През юни 1915 г. е върнат на работа в Генералния щаб на армията, а през юли 1918 г. е произведен в чин в подполковник. През юли 1921 г. е преведен на служба във Военновъздушните сили. След като е повишен в полковник през февруари 1922 г. Коисо е изпратен за военен аташе в Европа през юни 1922 г. След завръщането си през август 1923 г. поема командването на 51-ва дивизия. В май 1925 г. се връща на работа в Генералния щаб на армията, където в декември 1926 г. получава чин генерал-майор, а в август 1931 г. – генерал-лейтенант. През 20-те години Коисо се присъединява към относително умерената Фракция на контрола (Тосейха) в японското офицерство, водена от генерал Кадзушиге Угаки, и противопоставяща се на по-радикалната Фракция на действието (Кодоха), начело с генерал Садао Араки. През февруари 1932 г. Коисо става зам.-министър на войната, а в август 1932 г. е назначен и за началник щаб на Квантунската армия. През март 1934 г. получава командването на 5-а дивизия, а през декември същата година – това на Чосенската армия, дислоцирана в Корея. През ноември 1937 г. е произведен в чин пълен генерал и от юли 1938 г. е назначен в Генералния щаб на армията.

Служба в администрацията
Коисо напуска действителната военна служба през юли 1938 г. и през април-август 1939 г. и от януари до юли 1940 г. е министър на новосъздаденото Министерство за Велика Източна Азия. От май 1942 до 1944 г. е генерал-губернатор на Корея и с действията си там си спечелва прозвището "Корейският тигър". Управлението му в Корея е белязано от крайно непопулярното въвеждане на задължителна военна служба за корейци в японската армия.

Министър-председател
През юли 1944 г. Коисо е избран за министър-председател на Япония след падането на кабинета на Хидеки Тоджо. При избора Коисо се изправя пред силна опозиция, основно от средите на висшето военно командване, което настояват премиер да стане генерал Тераучи Хисаичи, но не могат да си позволят да го отзоват в страната от поста му командващ японските сили в Югоизточна Азия. Цивилни политици, сред които Коичи Кидо и Фумимаро Коное, също не харесват Коисо, заради предишните му симпатии към крайно националистическото общество "Сакура Каи" и опитът за държавен преврат през 1931 г. (т.нар. Мартенски инцидент). Тези резерви са споделени и от императора пред Тайния съвет. Независимо от това Коисо е избран, тъй като враждуващите политически кръгове не успяват да постигнат консенсус по по-приемлива фигура. Именно те превръщат Коисо в почти символичен премиер, тъй като не го допускат да участва във взимането на нито едно военно решение. Той не е популярен и сред министрите си, които са привърженици на мира, нито сред тези, които настояват за продължаване на войната. През управлението на кабинета на Коисо японските сили търпят множество поражения от американците по всички фронтове. На 10 ноември 1944 г. в болница в Нагоя умира Уан Дзинуей, което на практика означава край на Нанкинското правителство в Северен Китай и загуба на японския контрол върху китайската марионетна администрация. За известно време, Коисо е обмислял започването на мирни преговори, но не успява да намери решение, което би удовлетворило японската армия и съюзниците. Оставен с малко избор, но продължаващ военните усилия, Коисо се опива да разшири властта си над армията, опитвайки се да получи поста министър на войната, едновременно с премиерския, но не успява да го направи законно, тъй като е в запаса. Коисо подава оставка през април 1945 г., когато американски войски завладяват Окинава и след като искането му да бъде включен във военните решения е отхвърлено. Коисо, заедно с директора на Асоциацията за имперска помощ Хейсуке Янагава, е пламенен привърженик на държавния шинтоизъм. Той възстановява древните свещени ритуали в река Сакумо край Хаконе – т.нар. ритуал за подготовката мисоги.

Осъден за военни престъпления
След края на Втората световна война Коисо е арестуван от окупационните власти и изправен пред Международния военен трибунал за Източна Азия. След като е признат за военнопрестъпник клас А, той е осъден на доживотен затвор. В присъдата му се посочва, че "независимо от факта, че Куниаки Коисо не е бил пряко отговорен за военните престъпления, извършени от японската армия, той не взема никакви мерки за предотвратяването им или наказването на извършителите, когато като министър-председател е имал правомощия да го направи."

Коисо умира през 1950 г. в затвора "Сугамо".

Библиография
 Frank, Richard B (2001). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-100146-1.
 Maga, Timothy P. (2001). Judgment at Tokyo: The Japanese War Crimes Trials. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2177-9.
 Pratt, Keith (2007). Everlasting Flower: A History of Korea. Reaktion Books. ISBN 1-86189-335-3.
 Tolland, John (2003). The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945. Modern Library. ISBN 0-8129-6858-1.

Министър-председатели на Япония
Японски министри
Японски генерали
Японски военнопрестъпници

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