In June of 2013, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) proposed removing federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) protection for the gray wolf (Canis lupus, Linnaeus) throughout most of the lower 48 U.S. states, with the exception of the Mexican wolf subspecies (C.l. baileyi) (78 Fed. Reg. 35,664). In an article accepted for publication in the journal Conservation Letters, my coauthors and I detail flaws in the rationale provided by the FWS, and explain how this proposal could have far-reaching, deleterious consequences for the listing and recovery of threatened and endangered species.
The FWS asserts that their obligation to conserve gray wolves has been met because (a) the population of gray wolves residing in the northern Rocky Mountains (NRM) is no longer threatened or endangered, (b) the population of gray wolves residing in the western Great Lakes (WGL) is no longer threatened or endangered, and (c) the remaining portions of gray wolves' historic range are not significant portions of their range. They defend this last point by asserting that the term "range" refers only to "the range in which a species currently exists" (78 Fed. Reg. 35,673), and anyway, these unoccupied portions of wolves' historic range are "unsuitable" habitat because of human intolerance for wolves. The FWS also asserts that wolves in the northeastern U.S. belong to a different species (Canis lycaon); thus, gray wolves (Canis lupus) should not be listed in this region.
We describe four flaws with the FWS's Proposed Rule, which are briefly discussed, below.
1. The Proposed Rule depends upon an overly-narrow interpretation of endangerment.
The ESA defines an "endangered species" as one that is "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (SPR-phrase). The proposed rule depends upon an extremely narrow interpretation of this SPR-phrase, asserting that unoccupied portions of wolves' historic range are not significant portions because the term "range" refers to "the range in which a species currently exists" (78 Fed. Reg. 35,673). The article points out that this interpretation of the term "range" is inconsistent with the FWS's implementation of the ESA, inconsistent with prevailing precedent, and has been roundly criticized in the scholarly literature. Indeed, interpreting "range" to mean "current range" is functionally equivalent to striking the SPR-phrase from the ESA entirely and narrowing the definition of endangerment to "in danger of extinction" (see Carroll et al. 2010; Defenders of Wildlife v. Norton, 258 F.3d 1136, 1141 (9th Cir. 2001)). The FWS's interpretation of the SPR-phrase would also create an incentive for people who dislike a species being considered for listing to kill or otherwise remove those animals from portions of their current range where they are unwanted. If the species cannot be found in an area, then that area is not part of the species' current range, and by the FWS's logic, the species cannot be endangered in an area that is not part of a species' current range.
2. The assumption that delisting wolves will promote tolerance for wolves is not supported in the scientific literature.
The FWS argues that "the primary determinant of the long-term conservation of gray wolves will likely be human attitudes toward this predator." Following the ESA's mandate, the FWS then attempts to analyze human intolerance as a potential threat to wolf populations. Throughout their analysis, the FWS conflates human intolerance for wolves with attitudes toward wolves. The problem with equating these two is that wolves don't need people to like them (i.e., to have positive attitudes toward wolves) in order to survive—dislike of wolves does not necessarily constitute a threat to wolf populations; rather, wolf populations are threatened by high rates of human-caused mortality perpetrated by a few people who both dislike wolves and have the skill and ability to find and dispatch them. In the past, the threat posed by high rates of human-caused mortality was largely mitigated by protecting wolves under the ESA, which prohibited "take" (i.e., killing) of wolves under most circumstances. The primary result of removing wolves from ESA protections will be the cessation of these mitigation measures—allowing for legal harvest of wolves in addition to ongoing illegal killing.
The FWS not only recognizes that delisting wolves will result increased human mortality in the form of legalized hunting and trapping, they argue that such legal harvest is critical for recovery because "keep[ing wolf] populations within the limits of human tolerance" requires that humans be allowed to hunt and trap wolves (78 Fed. Reg. 35,685). But recall that we're not talking about areas like the NRMs or WGLs where wolf populations are robust; rather, the proposed rule covers places like Utah, Colorado, Oregon and Washington, where wolf populations are either non-existent, or a handful of wolves exist in pockets. The argument that the FWS makes—that hunting and trapping of wolves is necessary to promote human tolerance, even in areas with few to no wolves—is exactly opposite of the argument they made when they were attempting to recover wolves in the WGLs and NRMs. Here wolves were protected from harvest (via the ESA's prohibition on take), which resulted in population growth, range expansion, and ultimately, recovery of these populations. In other words, human intolerance was successfully mitigated in both cases by the prohibition on killing wolves, a prohibition that the Service now argues is unnecessary.
Perhaps more importantly, the FWS cites not a single scientific study—including studies they commissioned—in its assessment of the threat posed by intolerance for wolves. A brief literature review by the authors found exactly 100 peer-reviewed articles on this topic, including studies that found no support for the claim that rates of poaching changed with higher quotas of legal harvest (Andren et al. 2006; Treves 2009), as well as a recent longitudinal analysis that found attitudes toward wolves were more negative during a period of legal lethal control than when wolves were listed under the ESA (Treves et al. 2013). In fact, preliminary results from a study commissioned by FWS to address this very question failed to support the idea that lethal control or public wolf hunting and trapping had raised tolerance for wolves (C. Browne-Nuῆez et al. unpublished data; Hogberg et al. unpublished data). The ESA mandates that listing decisions be made based upon the best available science. In this case, none of the available peer-reviewed literature appears in the FWS's review, and the existing evidence fails to support the Service's claims.
3. The assertion that unoccupied historic range is unsuitable because of human intolerance contradicts the best available science.
"The areas that wolves currently occupy correspond to 'suitable' wolf habitat…wolves persist where ungulate populations are adequate to support them and conflict with humans and their livestock is low…[t]he areas considered 'unsuitable'… are not occupied by wolves due to human and livestock presence and the associated lack of tolerance of wolves…" (78 Fed. Reg. 35,680).
They further conclude that those parts of wolves' historic range that are currently unoccupied by wolves "have not repopulated due to continued lack of human tolerance to their presence" (78 Fed. Reg. 35,685). Interestingly, rather than view this as a threat to wolf recovery, the FWS summarily dismisses these areas as "unsuitable"—meaning that wolf populations cannot persist in these areas because of a lack of human tolerance). Again, the FWS cites no empirical evidence for such a claim, and again, the empirical evidence that does exist simply does not support this assertion. Existing research indicates that (a) people who live in regions currently occupied by wolves tend to have more negative attitudes than those who live outside of wolf-occupied regions (Karlsson and Sjöström 2007; Treves and Martin 2011; Williams et al. 2002), and (b) several western states that currently do not have wolf populations have human populations that are generally supportive of wolf recovery (see, for examples: Bright and Manfredo 1996; Bruskotter et al. 2007; Meadow et al. 2005). Thus, we conclude that a review of the best available science contradicts the conclusion that the areas where wolves do not currently exist are unsuitable because of human intolerance.
4. The taxonomic status of wolves in the northeastern United States is uncertain.
The FWS's proposal to delist wolves also claims the wolves that historically existed in the northeastern part of the US are a separate taxonomic entity—Canis lycaon (as opposed to Canis lupus). We avoid making any judgment on the taxonomic status of wolves; rather, we note that the taxonomic status of wolves in this area is controversial among scientists. Of course, uncertainty is not a reason to avoid action. However, such uncertainty does call for an application of the precautionary principle. In the case of listing status determinations, application of the precautionary principle would demand that when an activity potentially threatens the health or viability of a species or population, precautionary measures should be taken to reduce or avoid the potential threat—even when there is uncertainty about the extent of the threat (see: Kriebel et al. 2001). In this case, a modest application calls for developing criteria for recovery that are robust to the uncertainty—that is, criteria that are sensible whether or not C. lycaon is taxonomically distinct from C. lupus.
I suspect that some will view this critique as advocating for a particular policy—i.e., the continued listing of wolves. While the absence of wolves and continued presence of threats across much of the lower 48 suggests that listing may indeed be warranted, I believe that recovery could be achieved through a variety of routes. Our article should not be read as an attempt to compel any particular policy outcome per se, but rather, as (a) an assessment of the FWS's current interpretation of the ESA and what it requires for recovery, and (b) a review of the FWS's analysis of the threat posed by human intolerance in light of the best available science.
Bruskotter, J., Vucetich, J., Enzler, S. Treves, A. and M.P. Nelson. (forthcoming). Removing protections for wolves and the future of the U.S. Endangered Species Act (1973). Conservation Letters, DOI: 1111/conl.12081.
I suspect that some will view this critique as advocating for a particular policy—i.e., the continued listing of wolves.
Absolutely not – it is a very fair and rational view. Thank you!
A recent conversation with MN DNR wolf specialist supports this statement. On average, 10% of MN wolves are illegally killed each year. I firmly believe that the ethical MN hunter, who wants that one wolf, is not the problem. He/she is probably oblivious to most of the pro-wolf anti-wolf dialogue. The problems exists with the individual who shoots, just to kill, because the intolerance is conditioned into them. Nothing one can do about them other than hopefully catch them in the act, which is now, at least during the hunting season, next to impossible. that intolerance is not going to go away.
So wouldn't 'not mixing' hunting seasons for wolves and deer be a positive step in the elimination of poaching?
In MN deer archery, rifle, and muzzleloading, with breaks extends from mid September to mid December. When would you suggest a wolf season? Even prior to wolf seasons in MN, 10% of wolves were killed illegally.
Archery and muzzleloading, would seems obvious to me. Neither seems to pattern well with a 'typical wolf poacher' (with a rifle?). I'd be curious how many wolves were taken with a bow or crossbow or muzzleloader as a percentage of whole population hunted.
Interesting. Won't be in Archery/September October however as wolf coats still not quite prime.
Also, won't get many rifle hunters during muzzle loader season, as tree stand hunting due to weather would be curtailed. What you would get is trapping out the wazzoo.
Immer Treue, my thoughts exactly. Trappers have no concience or ability to control what gets trapped… like the neighbor's dog! And just because one can legally 'take' a wolf there are serious ethical concerns on many levels. Lobophobia and bloodlust are wiping out critically endangered Red and Mexican wolves, hundreds of miles from any legal wolf hunt! Human Psychology needs to be a part of any delisting, especially Abnormal Psychology.
The parts of Maine I've visited seem very suitable – essentially without people – though prey densities might be lower than in MI, WI, MN. Will folks there shoot grey on sight, but not eastern? (Sorry to not use scientific names, but I want to avoid quibbling about what are right names.) Seems like some want to find a way to stop their return, and so select findings to make it so getting a return is very difficult.
I appreciate further education about that.
Thanks so much for the article and paper.
I live in Maine. It is prime wolf habitat in the western parts of the state that are wilderness. There are at least three wolf sanctuaries in Maine. I am not one, I just rescue, do not put wolves/wolfdogs on display. But I can say, you are correct that it is prime habitat. The same problem as other states have is here, too, where trophy hunting people get appointed to run governing boards and have no concept of animals as fellow beings sharing a beautiful place. Although hunting is a 20 million dollar industry in Maine and Gov. LePage is pro industry, I believe the lack of roads in the North Woods would make it a safer place for wolves. We do have more wolves here in the wild plus in sanctuary than in Yellowstone! But some are crossed with Malamutes. They and their ancestors were used as wheel dogs on sled teams before snowmobiles came into use. Our pure wolves come down the rivers following deer and moose from Canada. Others are brought here as pets. The Malamute/Mackenzie crosses are all over Maine. I really don't think anyone should be overly concerned with pure local wolf genes because of the pet trade. Many pet wolfdogs got loose and it will probably be really hard if not impossible to find pure genes here?
One thought on releasing wolves in Maine- perhaps the Penobscot Nation would agree to protect wolves on the rez in Alder Stream? Non- Native people are not allowed to hunt there, last I knew. It is patrolled on what few roads there are. And mostly uninhabited. It is full of moose there. Much damage has been done to the ecology of the North Woods from logging. Wolves would be a Godsend! Much education needs to be done in communities so they understand why wolves are important to the environment. Properly educated, the logging industry should want wolves, they keep the saplings from being eaten by moose and deer.
Anyone who wants to legally reintroduce wolves to Maine should contact me. If enough people want to do this, educate politicians to the benefits of wolves, eco- tourism in a state that depends on tourist dollars, healthy trees in a state that has many logging jobs, and best of all, the wolves will love it here, it may save them?
Actually, there is a large sanctuary with only one guy to do all the work, just over the NH border near North Conway, but in Maine. Beautiful place! They really need volunteers. I think there are about 65 wolves there. I won't promote any one as I do not know the rules here on that but it is easy enough to find all three Wolf Sanctuaries in a web search. Thank you for making note of the habitat. Defender's had a campaign to restore the wolf to the Northeast and Center for Biological Diversity has mapped Western Maine as prime Wolf Habitat. We can hope for a bolt of enlightenment to strike the politicians!
Ever since the first reintroduction, I've had it as a wish that we'd restore them back to remote places in Maine and/or Vermont too.
Hi Ida, my dream too! We have all they need here to be free and wild wolves. Not as much meat on the hoof as Yellowstone but not as crowded for someplace that should be packed with tourists but the roads … well ya know I have to say it… 'Ya can't get there from here'. This is very real. Gotta wonder if FWS ever found a living wolf here or even looked outside to check? The dog catchers are the ones to ask, a few know how to tell a wolf from a malamute from a coyote. Or just check the classified ads, although selling wolves is illegal in Maine, it happens. If it didn't, I wouldn't have to rescue them. Mine are spayed and have some malamute in them. My husband calls them malamutts.
Luckily, Maine has no crazy people breeding pitbulls to wolves like Florida has. Someone showed up in the Augusta area with one of those creatures last year but she was spayed. Someone, also in that area, had what appeared to be a very high content wolfdog or full wolf but she got loose, someone called the game wardens, well you know that didn't come to a good end. The really stupid part is that first they took her into the shelter and tried to determine if she could be placed 'but she was too shy' so they stuck a needle in her leg instead of calling one of the sanctuaries. I do not ever assume shelter volunteers even know enough to water their dogs but it won't stop them from making life and death decisions.
Well, no matter what, a human will cause a wolf death far more often than a wolf dies on it's own because it messed up. Still, with education and a ban on killing wolves, Maine could be a great place for them. Sure beats the heck out of Wyoming!
in response to melody…politicians need to be educated just like children; once they learn a concept they put their own spin on it just to woo the voters.
Ernie, that is a fact, especially when their poll numbers make a flushing sound.
The article cited is quite a few years old. The so-called deer biologist who worked for the state is also a trapper. He left state employment some years ago and now helps a Maine "sportsman's" organization and speaks out against wolves on their behalf.
John, good point! Angus King is a Senator now. It has been many years since he was the Governor of Maine. He's not going to stick his political neck out for wolves, I think he is trying to leave a legacy of trying to fix issues of non-cooperation/communication between parties in DC? I have higher hopes for younger, rising State level reps to be sensitive toward ESA issues, including wolves.
There is an extreme shortage of dentists in rural areas of Maine! Deer hunters and the population in general, is 'over the hill' and can't chew tough meat, can't afford store-bought meat or to go to a dentist even if they have any teeth left or they could even find a dentist. I am not being disrespectful, this is a fact if anyone wants to check. Wolves keep deer herds on the move. Great for the saplings, not so good for hunters with bad teeth or no teeth. Just making connections most people would never think of as having an affect on predator populations or willingness to cooperate with the ESA. It may sound easy to fix this one with a food processor but some people have no income or very low income. When this group of people have such a hard time surviving anyway, fear drives decision-making. Not fear of wolves, fear of lack of food. An adult in Maine, with no dependents and no income, gets about $100 in food stamps, no cash and may or may not qualify for medical assistance. There is no dental help unless it requires emergency care like an abcessed tooth. It's easy to pick on some filthy rich person from away who wants a dead wolf in his trophy room. It is very difficult to solve extreme poverty in rural areas within the elderly population. They don't like to ask for help. This is the group that I honestly feel sorry for but not for the ESA issue. I think they need more help then they get. Meals on wheels is a great program for those in this type of situation and it needs more expansion and funding. The poor won't fight the ESA issues or much of anything else in Maine but out of state money will pour into sportsmen's group lobbiest's pockets. It is a sad state of affairs when animals and poor folks lose to well-to-do trophy hunters and politicians only ever hear a small group of self-interested deer and moose hunters who don't hunt for subsistance, but for bragging rites.
IT – I would suggest a short season from mid-Dec to mid-Jan where some hunting is allowed but a compromise between all parties is reached. Shorter season, not during deer season, but which does allow some # of wolves to be taken. Then wolves could be valued during their exclusive season. Seems to be a very common sense way to handle it without politics involved.
I think people could live with something like this. It's a very conservative approach which allows for other, unforeseen impacts to the wolf population such as disease, etc.? You can't have the public make a mockery of the status change of wolves by having killing contests. I also think UP MI is laying the groundwork for trapping.
This won't stop the 10% annual illegal take that has been documented, and known since radio collaring of wolves has been going on. What I would like to see is an end to hunting and trapping where wolves are not causing "problems"(other than the occasional dog) such as the BWCAW, and for that matter from Ely north and east.
Politics of deer hunting and livestock lobbies won't let you suggestion, or mine, happen.
Of course, I think this is an excellent analysis.
I think one reason why the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service makes these kinds of arguments — to reduce intolerance — is that they are frightened of the Tea Party, but here they make the same error. Backing away, improper delisting, and similar actions usually emboldens extreme political attacks.
The wolves were reintroduced into three of the most intolerant states in terms of protecting rare species. Citation of human intolerance in other parts of the wolf's historic range looks disingenuous to me.
I agree. I think there's plenty of money in fear…not so much in restraint and common sense.
Ralph, they ARE the Tea party!
This is absurd coming from an agency that is supposed to be the premier prowildlife agency on this planet. We then have no business telling Kenya how to manage elephants.
Thanks Jeremy (and others). Your critique of the FWS's rationale for gray wolf delisting is cogent. It is very disheartening to see an agency that has the power and the mandate to ensure the recovery of a listed species ignore common sense and the best available science, not to mention duty, because it fears the tantrums of the "outrage" crowd.
"Human Intolerance" specific to Eurocentric settler colonial mentalities (special interests). The ESA and NEPA are charged in protecting culturally significant species on behalf of the Nation's Tribes. This fact is being ignored on purpose by the Secretary of the Interior and the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service. This de-listing is an attack to weaken the ESA, NEPA and the Tribes. Wolves were hunted for the same reason Native Americans were, White human intolerance.
Hey Valerie, good to see I am not alone, howling in the woods! I was waiting to see if anyone dare argue that point because they would have gotten more argument than they could likely handle!
One of biggest problem with continued ESA coverage for the grey wolf is FWS does not have unlimited resources. So while you and others can continue to give a long list of reasons for continued listing, can you provide a list of reasons why FWS resources are better used for the wolf over other animals in need? How many species slip in decline while while you demand more acres for the wolf. How many species with slower reproduction rates need help while you demand protection for a high reproducer?
It's a fair question, Montana boy; and while I will not presume to speak for Jeremy,in my opinion we (and FWS) should not surrender the anti-ESA tactic of "starving the beast." Congress needs to allocate more funding for the ESA, otherwise it will soon be game over for species protection. So I think Dan Ashe and Sally Jewell and Barack Obama ought to insist on more funding for saving species and protecting habitat. And frankly, it there has to be a tradeoff, then I would favor reducing or eliminating the federal subsidies to ranchers and Wildlife Services, and instead use the money for implementing the ESA. Not possible? Why not?
Frankly it's your dream who am I to tell you about possibilities. Seems your the one with doubts.
I think you have oversimplified this issue and you are just applying it to wolves. If this is allowed to go uncontested then this sets a precedent for those other species that need to have protection too. This isn't so much about wolves as it is about the entire Endangered Species Act.
I agree with you, unfortunately, there are few very prolific species that have been in the lime light and this has created a situation that hundreds of other species have suffered for.
You are so right Ken. It will set a precedent for future delisting's of any animal. That is the sad reality of this whole issue. I don't see Obama setting aside $$ for ESA or anything that has to do with wildlife. He has been horrible as far as that goes … he's worse than Bush was.
Ken has the right of it. The article isn't about wolves per se, but what it means to be threatened, endangered or recovered. Perhaps more importantly, the underlying question here is whether there will be any standards for recovery that can be meaningfully enforced. If the federal government can simply claim a species is recovered without providing adequate rationale; if they can 're-write' the ESA with internal policy each time they find the law has put them in a bind politically; if they can ignore scientific evidence despite the mandate of the law to use the best available science… well then, the law will have lost all of its teeth without Congress getting involved at all.
I'm not sure what wolves' fecundity has to do with the issue? Like all species, wolves' reproductive capacity is a function of the environmental conditions that have shaped the species' evolution (i.e., high rates of mortality demand high rates of reproduction).
It has every thing to do with the wolf because you have yet to make the same demands for grizzlies which once lived in much the same range as the wolf. Where is your letter making the same points for the grizzly? Why are you not demanding that grizzlies live in California, Utah and Colorado?
ouch! I don't like your point, it may have legs.
As yet, there is no proposed rule on which to comment. We cannot critique a rule that does not exist.
Perhaps a link to your objections to the last proposed rule on the grizzly.
My comments on the prior proposed rule were submitted directly to the USFWS. We also had a manuscript under preparation, but the prior rule was invalidated before the manuscript was ready for submission.
If you are really interested in how the policies being promulgated by the FWS adversely affect other species, I would point you toward the following two publications, both of which discuss a variety of species (e.g., the flat-tailed horned lizard, grey wolf, Canada lynx). Our article in the Virginia Environmental Law Journal discusses the grizzly bear and woodland caribou as two species potentially impacted by the FWS's change in policy. If you don't have academic access to these articles, email me directly and I will send you a copy.
Bruskotter, Jeremy T., and Sherry A. Enzler. 2009. Narrowing the Definition of Endangered Species: Implications of the U.S. Government's Interpretation of the Phrase "A Significant Portion of its Range" Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 14 (2):73 – 88.
Enzler, Sherry A., and J. T. Bruskotter. 2009. Contested Definitions of Endangered Species: The Controversy Regarding How to Interpret the Phrase "A Significant Portion a Species' Range". Virginia Environmental Law Journal 27 (1):1-65.
Time dictates I do my homework later, I trust what you say is true. All the while FWS only has so much time and energy. I look forward to reading your paper calling for grizzlies in California.
Montana Boy, have you looked at real numbers for wolves? Now look at the numbers of range maggots taking up habitat. Maybe you might get this if you do? By the way, wolves only breed once a year, have small litters, and the alphas mate for life, unless one dies or is killed. Usually, only the alphas of the family will produce young. One broken bone or twisted gut can kill a wolf. They don't have magic, mystical self-healing powers, if they did, they would be in medicine jars in China with the last of the Black Rhinos! Myths, movies and tv shows have a hard time telling fact from fiction. Sadly, the general public has no idea wolves don't have blue eyes, siberian huskies do. Although wolves do have bluish eyes when they are born, as do many animals, it is highly unusual to ever see them because they don't come out of the den for that time and a while afterward. People are equally as ignorant of the political slaughter of wolves unless they happen upon a wolf education sight or something far more deadly than wolves… humans hunting/trapping/snaring/poisoning or shooting them with arrows!
And as much as I have written on wolves, they are just the first domino in the ESA test case game to fall, humans being humans and all things considered, we don't learn well enough from history, even if it happens twice in our own lifetimes.
I know the wolf numbers.Not sure where you get you information, and litter size is relative. So let me post this research page 5 is interesting in that 72% of breeding age females are pregnant. Litters ranged from 1-9.
Also I suggest you read the spring post hear from Kathleen, I believe, about Yellowstone wolf breeding season, eye opening.
Also I know a bit about humans killing wolves back as far as Native Americans using whale bone.
Melody – I love your spirit – you go girlfriend!! You took the words right out of my brain & mouth!
The USFWS is waiting for an eastern wolf assessment to have been completed by Canadians months ago. The USFWS position on eastern wolves is laughable. They based their conclusion that the northeast U.S. did not have gray wolves on two wolf specimens taken in the 19th century, one from New York and the other from Maine. They completely ignore the fact that northern New England and the Adirondacks were a wolf/moose/caribou ecosystem. They completely ignore the fact that gray wolves are found within 75 miles of Maine in the Laurentide Reserve. They completely ingnore the fact that both gray wolves and gray/eastern hybrids have found their way into the northeast for the past several decades. To say that gray wolves did not live here is pure nonsense. Science means nothing in this debate. Politics means everything.
John, exactly true! Also, there have been stories of a thriving trade between tribes in Canada and as far south as most of New England and New York. River and ocean routes plus on extensive trail routes. Domesticated Wolves have been heard of as the being traded, possibly before there ever were dogs other than Northern Breeds in Eastern North America? That would probably make more sense in Abenaki, pre-contact version. 🙂 Sorry, I am freezing, here, it is minus something outside, -12 with a 30 mph wind, whatever that is, at some point it doesn't matter once the brain gets cold enough, it is the thawing out that really hurts, especially after a few rounds of frostbite over the years. My friend Don froze to death, not two Winter's ago, I tried to heat him up by the woods stove but his heart gave out. I'm not that frozen but I am not going outside again tonight! My hand froze to the door knob. It does get cold here. I'm guessing you know by your sense of local geography, wolf genetics and relating it by using mountain ranges?
Anyway, my point being with all the trade routes, some being k-9 powered, wolves overlapping territories, there probably hasn't been any guaranty of 'genetic purity' just different 'village dogs' of wolf at least since humans ran out of land to go east on, here? If USFWS doesn't do something about getting some Wolves in Northern Northeast habitat, nothing else will stop coyotes from getting physically bigger and bigger.
Earthjustice ( formerly the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund way back when ) is pleading the case against Grey Wolf delisting and Wyoming management on behalf of environmental groups this week December 17 in U.S. District Court in Washington D.C.
Thanks, I knew that case was soon but gee, that's really soon! Wyoming's behavior left nothing to the imagination, and none of it good intentioned toward wolves.
So, the fate of the WY delisting rule is in the hands of a federal judge in DC, who will look at the law and only the law as applied to the WY delisting challenge. Whatever happens in the trial court and appeals, it would not be surprising to see WY just thumb their nose at the federal government as they seek resolution that puts them on par with the rest of the NRM delisting.
In all honesty, move them but keep their protective laws. To hell with politics.
Re: Wyo. Wolf issue… the wolves will never be safe in Wyoming in our lifetimes. If it were up to me, and it never will be so Wyoming is safe from my thoughts, but if I could, I would remove every wolf from Wyoming and put them back in Yellowstone and raise money to fence in Yellowstone by recycling closed military facility chainlink fence and an army of volunteers. Wyoming doesn't deserve any predators, or any federal funds, either. They don't like to play by the rules, so see how much they enjoy it when the DC money runs out and the federal jobs dry up! I used to love Wyoming when I was a kid. I almost went to University there. Luckily, UNH was closer. All those fracking chemicals must cause brain damage? They can make the water catch fire, but hey, that's the price they pay. Ignorance is bliss in Wyoming, now the kids have more to light on fire than bean farts at frat parties.
Boy, it just keeps getting weirder and weirder around here.. Fence Yellowstone????
SaveBears, yeah, it can't get any weirder or violent than the militant crazies who butcher wolves in the most painful ways and speak of nailing wolf pups to trees alive and screaming in fear and pain so they can slaughter the whole pack when they come to the aid of the captive victim! I couldn't make this stuff up.
So sorry if I dream psychopaths could be kept out of Yellowstone, I know it won't happen but there must be some way to keep such politicized animals as wolves and bears safe and those who care for them, too? I have heard of wolf biologists who have been refused service in public restaurants and stores, now that's crazy! I've been rescuing 20 years and oh, yeah, it just keeps getting weirder and weirder! I long of those days of joyous wolf reintroductions. But then this is not just about wolves. It is all about the use of best available science vs. politics as usual.
I am not against wolves by any means, but if you believe that the re-introductions were joyous, then you are not living in real world, the controversy has been here for a long time now. The nailing the pups to the tree thing is a new one, I have not heard that one before.
Fencing a national park seems a little short sighted.
If you ask me – predators don't deserve the treatment that they get – none of the above mentioned states deserve predators. But, thats life – & anti-wolf haters can't put that into their tiny brains.
SaveBears, joyous and hopeful to watch wolves carefully come out of the crates and then bolt off onto the snowy woods. Totally sick of the politics.
As for the pups nailed to trees, evidently, the twenty-something psychos were chatting on a wolf haters blog and one guy said something about if he couldn't get real wolf pups, he gets free puppies off craigslist, nails their paws to the tree and the screams and cries bring wolves, which he mows down with his assault rifle. Normally, the bs detector would go off but for one small detail… it really isn't public knowledge that wolf pups actually do scream. It is far more horrible than I could ever discribe, nor will I try. I've only heard it once and I have been rescuing for 20 years. And the one I heard was only frightened by being cornered by her siblings, she was the runt. I grabbed her up and out and she had peed on herself and was shaking for about five minutes. I wrapped her tightly in my sweater, head first. She is fine now. She lives with an elderly man who travels around in a camper, there is much love for little Alfalfa. I can not imagine how those psychos online knew wolf pups would have a vocal scream unless they actually did something horrible to one? So my friend who runs a rescue for dogs in NH told me these guy's get their female relatives to go get puppies off craigslist, even bring kids along and act like a normal family who wants a puppy. Those puppies end up as bait for dog fighting rings. My friend says they are all psychos, no matter if it is a wolf pup or dog pup, the people are sick who use them for bait! Nailing to a tree was a first for me, too, and I thought I had heard it all. I also heard the bear and wolf hounders will put a baby bear or wolf or coyote in a rabbit wire barrel cage and set their hounds loose to chase it for however long it takes to train the hounds then they take the baby out and let the hounds tear it apart. Not a day goes by that I don't hear of some horrible act of animal cruelty. The worst acts are those that pretend to be something they are not, and get stuffed into must-pass legislation right before some random date of a budget or social security, military pay, etc expires. The lives lost and the damage done to research, school children who followed wolf blogs and had favorite wolves… now trust is lost, years of research is lost. For what good reason? To what end? You guy's can laugh about me wishing I could put a barrier between wolves and people that want to kill them but really, if someone invented something more on the techie end that was invisable but made a sound that wolves and other creatures found annoying enough to turn them around and back into the parks on Federal land by picking up on a subdermal chip, would you still think I'm dreaming? Not a bad idea if your research subject doesn't end up in a fur auction? We can't use best available science unless we have it. I'd rather fence out the crazies like I do here on the mountain but they know they are going to prison if they get caught poaching in Yellowstone. They do talk about it on their blogs, especially killing female wolves that are pregnant.
I used to work on a S.A.C. Base, if the government wants to protect the wolves still in Yellowstone, they have the means without using a physical fence. Ideally, it would be a sound outside the human hearing range but very annoying to wolves, enough to make them stay inside the boundaries until it is safe to let them leave. A few wolves might have to be spayed and males neutered before there are too many unless they could go to other parks as intact family groups?
Well if you were at the release, then we crossed paths, because I was there as well. I also spent time on a few S.A.C. bases while in the military.
They might talk a lot, but so do the wolf supporters and I have found that many, the majority are full of crap and are doing just that, talking.
Donald, I was at PAFB, C.E.S., Snow Barn. 3 yrs.
Maybe our paths did cross? I was there until 89 when my house burned down. The BRAC orders were on the wall and I needed to rebuild my house. That took a few years and during that period, I rescued my first wolfdog. A sad case, they always are, but we all fell in love with him and he stayed to his dying day. I moved to Maine for him when NH took a very dark turn on wolves and wolfdogs. Now I have 5 wolfdogs and one dog. I also rescue dogs of veterans going into hospice who have nobody to take their dog. Dogs can be rehomed, wolfdogs stay forever unless it's some special circumstance. We also have a cat my grandaughter dumped here after rescuing it from the streets when the college kids left the kitten behind. Long story short, I don't leave the farm much anymore. I'm allowed 6 dogs so the rescue is full. I don't exhibit animals to the public, they are just here on 68 acres on the side of a small mountain and all the females are spayed so no puppies. I will still aid in any rescues locally if necessary but at this point, I only can rehome any new dogs. There isn't a wolfdog puppy mill crisis in Maine anymore so things are pretty much set. It's private and it's not open to view animals.
I'm sorry if I sounded like I was at the original release of wolves, actually a friend sent me a video, but I wish that I could have been! I'd be thrilled if you could talk about your experience there! I'm joined at the hip to this place, the tablet is my way to 'travel' and learn.
I agree with you about a lot of people being full of crap, which I thought the wolf haters were but then how would they know that a wolf puppy could scream and be able to describe the sound? I've seen too much evil in humans. I am deeply concerned about the ultimate fate of any animal people think they are in a competition for food or water with.
Does anyone have insight on how the oral arguments before the District Court in Washington DC went Tuesday 12/17 regarding the challenge to Wyoming's wolf plan and USFWS blanket delisting?
Earthjustice pleaded the case on behalf of Biodiversity Alliance, Sierra Club , and Defenders of Wildlife ( I hope I got that right ) and when might a ruling might be expected ?
Dec. 30, 2013. And here is the news release on "Removing protections for wolves and the future of the U.S. Endangered Species Act." in Conservation Letters and referenced at the bottom of the story above.
In my opinion, this is the article of the year published on the Endangered Species Act.
Ralph thanks for posting and JB thanks for writing this excellent critique.


AVG Accelerator maximizes your computer's connectivity to deliver content faster. It accelerates the download of binary files and minimizes the hangs and delays while watching videos on YouTube. AVG Accelerator is enabled as a default setting when you switch on.
AVG Identity Protection™ goes way beyond the typical identity theft protection software. Not only will we keep you safe from online threats – but were also able to see when anything potentially bad might be happening on your PC, and stop it before it can do any damage.
AVG constantly monitors your protection level and reports back to our lab's team if it detects a security risk. Next, to the flagged alert message you will see an Auto-Fix button — once click resolves the problem. The Auto-Fix button in AVG will automatically correct errors and set itself back to the best protection mode.
Internet-based spam can contain worms and form part of a botnet – a centrally controlled hijacked computer network, which then becomes the source of more scams.
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AVG Surf-Shield actively checks web pages in real-time at the only time it matters – before you land on that page. If it detects something suspicious, it prevents you from visiting the site. Surf-Shield protects you both when you click a link to a web page and every time you enter a web address directly into your browser. In AVG we have improved LinkScanner further to give our best detection rates ever.
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This is an original pedal based on the classic wah sound of the 1960s. Built with tone and clarity in mind, this pedal will wah you. This circuit was designed with modders, tweakers, DIYers, and tone hounds in mind. It is designed for a number of possible value changes, or modifications to be able to change your sound with the flip of a switch. Different mods are available for this pedal straight from JMP Guitars - including the famous "Chucky" mod allowing for two mid range sweep resistors to be switched to go from smooth to abrupt wah sweep. Click here for the youtube demo.
Using the same circuit as the JoshuWah original, "The Beast" gives a vast array of tonal possibilities and examples of different options for resistor and capacitor values that affect the tone. Two inductors, two mid range sweep resistors, and TWELVE sweep capacitors are built into this pedal to really show you some variety. This is a demo pedal, and will not be made for sale. There's over $100 just in capacitors in this pedal! The dual color LED lets you know which inductor is active when the pedal is turned on.
Also using the JoshuWah circuit, this stompbox version is designed to focus and boost the "Sweet Spot" giving the same effect as leaving your wah wah pedal in a specific position and really focusing the frequency range chosen. This is a great way to make solos stand out and sustain for days!
Options include different values of resistors to adjust the output level of the pedal, and different capacitor brands for a variance in the tone produced. Of all of the brands of capacitors I've used in these pedals, I haven't found one that I didn't like. They can certainly sound different, but at that point it's just a matter of taste. Take a look at "The Beast" demo video to get an idea of what you like.
This pedal was designed as a passive ABY switch, with the addition of a True Bypass switch for an external pedal, and the option for an internal buffer.
The True Bypass pedal option is great if you have a non-true bypass pedal that you want to use, but you want to take it out of your signal chain when you aren't using it.
The buffer option is the same as the "Buff This" box listed below, but built internally in this switch box.
The switch hitter is a simple switch, with style, to handle your amp or effect switching needs. It can be used to switch amp channels, turn on or off reverb or effect loops, and the hand-wired circuit can be made for your specific brand and model of amplifier. I love this because it's so much smaller than most channel switches supplied with amplifiers, and takes up less room on my effect board.
If you need to wetten up your sound, or just love reverb like I do, this Dank Tank pedal is a fantastic choice when your amplifier lacks reverb. Based on a Belton mini reverb tank, this pedal has an authentic sound you just can't get from fully digital reverb pedals.
You can here a youtube demo of this reverb pedal on our non-reverb tube amp demo.
The idea behind the Double OverDrive pedal is to use two classic OD circuits in pre and post positions, to give you THREE great sounding overdrive options. The OD in the PRE position (on the right) works as the first stage, so I use this as a more subtle, OD. The OD in the POST position (on the left) is set for a little more tonal control, and a LOT more drive, to really crank my OD to where I want it. Either one can be used independently, but when you join them together, they can really make your guitar scream!
Another simple, clean, and classic circuit, this time to give a nice phaser effect. Going from subtle to in your face phasing without losing your guitar's tone.
The Procrastinator combines both analog and digital delay technology to give you a classic sound with modern reliability. The result is a delay pedal you can rely on to give you the echo that you've been waiting to hear since the day you were born.
Squishy Squishy will squish you just the way you like it. The compressor can be used anywhere from a subtle compressor sound, with mild sustain to an all out sustain booster while controlling your overdrive.
The volume knob allows you to use it to boost your output level, or lower it to tone down the insanity from your distortion or overdrive pedals.
This classic tremolo sound is enhanced with a volume knob to make up for any perceived volume loss often associated with the use of tremolo pedals. Now you can make your groupies Tremble at full volume!
Do you love the sound of a nice wah wah pedal, but you're just too lazy to rock your foot back and forth? Then this Envelope Filter (Auto Wah) is just what you're looking for! This has a great touch-sensitive, dynamic tone that you're sure to love.
If you're a tone snob like me, then I'm sure you've heard about True Bypass. True Bypass is a good thing, BUT, there's something they generally don't tell you. You actually do need a buffer (or two or three) in your signal chain depending on how many true bypass pedals you're using. There's actually a slight signal loss that occurs across multiple true bypass pedals. A QUALITY buffer is needed to keep the signal level up and consistent across your pedal board, feeding your full tone to your amp.


1.1 These General Terms and Conditions of the company Aqualog animalbook GmbH (hereinafter referred to as "Seller") shall apply to all contracts concluded between a consumer or a trader (hereinafter referred to as "Client") and the Seller relating to all goods and/or services presented in the Seller's online shop. The inclusion of the Client's own conditions is herewith objected to, unless other terms have been stipulated.
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The Joys and Hurdles of Bringing Up Twins
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Most mums and dads don't begin their path to parenthood expecting to have twins. In the UK, however, Baby Centre reports that multiple births have increased in the last 30 years. These days, 1% of pregnancies for couples that conceive naturally turn out to be twins, "while 24% of births as a result of IVF treatment result in either twins or triplets."
Ten Tips for Avoiding Temptation at Work
Careers Coach Blog Staying sane Staying sane at work Work and career tips and advice
Regardless of the goals you're trying to achieve in your life, there will always be temptations to stray from those goals. Take trying to get through some admin, bookkeeping or bulk social media updates. You'd rather be working on your actual business, but these essential tasks are an important part…
Power Plate Update: The Exercise Tool that Just Keeps Vibing!
Fitness for mums Health news and tips for the family
Exercise is like Marmite. You either love it, or you hate it. Or, if you're like me, you do it because you have to – for health, to look presentable, or because of age. I don't usually get drawn into significant commitments when it comes to fitness. There are enough…
Podcast: Mindfulness in the Workplace
Podcasts for mums Staying sane Staying Sane Staying sane at work
Mindfulness is one of those buzzwords that seems to be here to stay. The Collins dictionary describes mindfulness as: "A mental state achieved by focusing one's awareness on the present moment, while calmly acknowledging and accepting one's feelings, thoughts, and bodily sensations, used as a therapeutic technique."In this podcast recording, I speak with mindfulness expert, Audrey Tang about what mindfulness actually means and how to use mindfulness techniques in the workplace.
Podcast: Mindfulness in the Workplace [ 31:31 | 58.99 MB ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download (165)
Do you have the right skills and attitude to be a WAHM?
Tips for working mums Work and career tips and advice Work from home how-tos Work from home tips and advice Work, Business, Money
If you're new here, let me just start by defining WAHM: it is a 'work-at-home mum'. WAHMs can be self-employed or work for an employer – there are so many options available these days. However, the primary requirement to be called a WAHM is to, well, to work from home.
My first experience of working from home started about 13 years ago, shortly after returning to work from maternity leave. I had applied to work flexibly at work, and the editorial director was so incensed by the audaciousness that she made me a full-time homeworker. I would show up in the office once a fortnight just to stay connected to my work colleagues and to attend meetings.
Put the Buzz Back into your Workout
Fitness for mums Staying Sane
Accountability is everything! So, let me introduce you to my new workout partner…none other than the Power Plate. This machine may look like a cute cub, with all the accessories etc., but it is a fully grown lion, with teeth! The plan is to follow the 'Healthy Mums Programme' and…
It's Great to be a Woman – Happy International Women's Day!
It might be tough sometimes, but we will never be broken! No matter how many odds are stacked against us – equality issues, pay issues, social stereotypes and the rest!
Podcast: How to Have a Tidy Mind
In today's podcast our founder and editor, Joycellyn Akuffo, discusses having a tidy mind with Kate Ibbotson of A Tidy Mind (www.atidymind.co.uk).
Find out how to to get you sanity back in times of digital overload, long work hours and just a lot of juggling, starting from the inside out!
How to Have a Tidy Mind [ 0.01 MB ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download (1748)
What Does Super Mario Have to Do with Business Failure?
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'Failure' should not be a dirty word. It really shouldn't. But for many, the fear of failure can be the main reason why there is no motivation even to try, to take that first step. It really shouldn't be.
Let's have that determination to keep taking another step and never to give up. The courage to keep trying is why I use the example of playing Super Mario (you'll understand it better when you listen to the podcast!)
What Does Super Mario Have to Do with Business Failure? [ 22:47 | 42.52 MB ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download (294)
Podcast: Has LGBTQ in Schools Gone Too Far?
A recent petition on Change.org asked for parents to take back control of sex education.
It seems that some parents have lost a lot of the insight into what's being discussed about LGBTQ in schools. Should parents take back the control, or is a petition taking too far?
LGBTQ in Secondary Schools: Have Parents Lost Power [ 45.01 MB ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download (321)
How to Deal with Criticism at Work Without Losing Your Cool
Staying sane Staying sane at work
Hands up if it grates you when you know someone really needs to know something about the way they work or their actions, but you can't tell them because you know their reaction will leave you feeling like a villain.
Learning how to respond to criticism, and how to deal with the negative things that people say to us is a sign of maturity and personal development. Not everyone comes out of the womb with this gift – but it doesn't mean we can't cultivate it or develop it.
Podcast: How Can Couples Budget Without Fighting?
While today may well be Valentine's Day – the one day in the year when couples are supposed to be loved up – for the rest of the year, it may not all be roses and chocolates!
According to research, money problems are pitted as one of the main causes of divorce and breakups – often ahead of infidelity and other issues.
A recent poll of more than 2,000 British adults by legal firm Slater and Gordon last year, pitted money worries top the list of reasons why married couples split up. One in five of couples say it was the biggest cause of marital strife.
Heidi Allan from financial wellbeing experts, Neyber, joins Mothers Who Work on today's podcast to help mums avoid fights and disagreements about money.
How Can Couples Budget Without Fighting? [ 20:11 | 18.48 MB ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download (325)
What happens when you take your employer to a tribunal?
How to cope with problems at work Mothers' rights at work Pregnancy at work Work, Business, Money
Yesterday, we gave you a rundown on what to expect at work during your pregancy from first to second, to third trimester. Today, we'll be looking at what to do if your employer turns nasty during your pregnancy.
Making a decision to take your employer to a tribunal won't have been easy. However, if you don't do something about it, they get away with it and will likely do it again. Every wonan has the right to be treated fairly at work – pregnancy can be stressful enough if you have health issues; and there's so much you may already have on your mind in prepapration for your bundle of joy anyway, so havig issues at work just compounds the issue.
Pregnant? How to not get ripped out at work
First of all congratulations! If this is your first baby, we are especially excited for you – and welcome you to the world of the mother who works! According to scientists, December is the month where couples generally have more sex in the lead-up to Christmas, so it's no surprise…
Why You Need More Women in Your Marketing Team
Business building How to promote your business Starting and running your business Tips for working mums Work and money Work, Business, Money
Although women are now increasingly visible in various sectors in society, they still need more seats at the table. In many other areas, women seem invisible. In the absence of women, some things could go wrong. Hence, it is crucial to consider the presence of women in these areas to…
Are You Truly Lazy or is Your Willpower to Blame?
Do you feel that you are lazy or do you find that you are just not motivated? Many people will tell you that their motivation is not there and this is why they just feel like being plain lazy.
While being lazy is often viewed as being a sign of weakness it is connected to your willpower. Or more appropriately put, your lack of willpower. So what can you do to improve this?
Why I think children should use an iPhone….all the safety reasons
Family life Staying Sane
It's often suggested that children are given a brick phone when they start going to school independently. This is so that, should they be targetted by thieves, they don't lose out on an expensive phone. A thief would probably spit at them than to take the phone – and that is safer than being beaten up or stabbed for the latest smartphone.
While I see the logic behind this, I don't agree. That's why my son has an iPhone. I probably shouldn't even be putting it out there for the world to see, but I'll explain why I would rather he uses a smartphone (and the iPhone is easier because it connects to all my own devices) than a brick.
Never Underestimate the Power of Five Minutes
How to cope with problems at work Staying Sane
Do you always feel like you are running from one activity to the next and never seem to get a few moments to yourself? Do you find it hard to schedule in time to take a break?
Never underestimate the importance of five minutes. No matter how busy a day we have, we all have five minutes to spare in our day. That's the equivalent of just 5 out of 1440 minutes of each day. It can do so much to change our perspective on the pressures of life.
How to Stop Your Start-up Business Failing
How to run a successful website Starting and running your business Work, Business, Money
It will more than likely have taken much time and courage for you to launch your first company, as it is only natural to fear what the future will bring when embarking on a new business venture. Rather than fearing the worst, you simply need to have a proactive…
Money - how to keep it and how to make it Tips for working mums Work and career tips and advice Work and money Work from home tips and advice Work, Business, Money
Your virtual office in the UK provides your business with internet access, but it also can provide your business with facilities in some of the finest buildings in London and other major cities. On top of having this kind of access, your business has the freedom to move around the…

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LEADING AND MANAGING MILLENNIALS EFFECTIVELY has become a major challenge for companies and organizations. Surveys suggest that up to a third of millennials contend they experience work-related anxiety – at least double the level attributable to older generations. "The behavior associated with anxiety includes stress, depression, withdrawal and/or lack of focus, which unaware Managers and HR personnel often react to in ways that exacerbate the problem and are counterproductive, resulting in missed work, increased attrition and decreased productivity." DCG can help develop strategies which bridge the perspective gap between millennials and both younger & older generations. [INTERCHANGE-GROUP – 9/5/19]
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOUR DATA CLOUD GOES DOWN? "Hackers have become so prevalent and sophisticated, that it's not a matter of if but when an outage will occur… so advance planning is critical to staying as productive as possible until service is restored." Priority protection steps are: (1) Have a 'disaster recovery' contingency plan for 'mission critical' data; (2) Have secondary Backup for most vital data, maintained OFF the Cloud, preferably offsite; (3) Consider business continuity insurance; (4) Confirm that your provider has written security procedures, policies & credentials – since "software that was designed for the Cloud is more secure than software built in-house and moved to the Cloud later on," DCG affiliates can help. [JRNL OF ACCOUNTANCY – 8/30/19]
'STRATOSPHERIC' DRONES MAY SOON BECOME A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL SATELLITES, with easier maneuverability, quicker deployment and lower costs. Airbus, Boeing and Softbank are all testing solar-powered drones with 80 foot wingspans weighing around 165 pounds, which can fly at some 75,000 feet altitude, travel 1,100 miles daily, and remain aloft unaided for months at a time. The light weight and long wingspan is a challenging hazard in turbulent weather, but designers contend that "there is no substantial center of mass to do serious damage in a collision – probably like being struck by a pigeon." [WALL STREET JRNL – 8/26/19]
SNOWFLAKE UPDATE: (1) After assaults on County Courthouse employees & Jurors, including being "slammed against a wall, punched & spat on," complaints from Judges to do something about "safety and the stench of excrement & urine" were rejected by the Seattle City Council. Arguments included concern that "the idea of power-washing the sidewalks brought back images of the use of hoses against civil rights activists." [SEATTLE TIMES – 8/27/19] (2) The flyers & educational displays for a recent 'Consent Carnival' at George Mason University informed students that "Not all people with vaginas are women; That genitalia is not an indicator of gender; How the labia comes in different colors; There are 8000 nerve endings on the clitoris; and offered tastings of various lubricants (cupcake, watermelon & green apple), along with a Penis Ring Toss & Vagina Bean Bag Toss." [ZEROHEDGE.COM – 9/11/19]
THOUGHT FOR THE WEEK: 'AMERICAN PIE' was the name of the plane in which three singer idols – Buddy Holly, Richie Valens & The Big Bopper – were killed when it crashed in 1958, and Don McClean's tribute song 'Bye Bye American Pie' has become an American classic. For those born in the 50s & 60s, this video collage will bring back some powerful memories and perspective. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhX3b1h7GQw&feature=youtu.be


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A long, long time ago, I too, was once a globo-gym'er. Day in, day out, I would go hit up my local gym and not spend a minute stretching before or afterwards. Needless to say, this severely impacted my mobility for the worst. When I started functional fitness, my mobility was such a joke, literally; people would literally make jokes about it. So naturally, I did something about it…I spent hours stretching and mashing, using just about any mobility tool I could spend my money on. I progressed, and while I've come a long way, I'm no where near where I need to be. Granted, I haven't been spending the time I should be on it, but it's also because I haven't found any cool new toys to play with too.
There isn't a whole that hasn't been done with self-myofacial release tools, but the QPoint and QPoint 2 take the simple design of a ball, and add in a very thoughtful feature: heat. Before I go any further with this, please don't stick your LAX ball into the microwave and try to replicate the QPoint.
The QPoint can be used in any way a standard LAX ball can be used in, and the QPoint 2 is basically your "peanut". I found that the single QPoint was better at hitting areas such as my calves/achilles, chest, and hips, while the peanut was better off used on my spine, hamstrings and quads. Although softer than a standard LAX ball/peanut setup, the QPoint's are still firm enough to really dig into those tight muscles. I'm pretty sure the neoprene just acts as a barrier between the actual ball and your skin so you don't burn yourself. 50 seconds to 1 minute provides ample heat for an hours worth of mashing pleasure; don't be fooled if the balls don't feel hot when you first pull them out of the microwave, they will reach their target temperature in about 5 minutes (follow the directions, don't overheat!). The heat provided in conjunction with the pressure you're applying to your muscles increases blood flow to the area and relaxes muscles, plus it just feels really nice after a hard workout. You'll wonder why no one thought of this before; put on some relaxing music and you'll get lost in rolling around with your QPoint's.
Before I received my QPoint's, my mobility had fallen down hill. I wasn't mashing or stretching like I should have been, busy opening my affiliate, and not really working out either. The pain in my knees had come back, I could feel myself coming forward because my hips were tight, and my overhead position was awful. After spending a little time with the QPoint's, i noticed a change, not anything dramatic, but a change in the right direction. To be fair, I hadn't been doing any mobility so results were inevitable. That being said, I got tired of rolling out, stretching, and mashing. The QPoint's offer such a relaxing experience that it's hard to not want to use them daily; I've got one under each leg as I'm writing this!
The QPoint retails for $15.99 and the 2 for $24.99, and honestly, that will probably put some people off. The price is definitely the biggest downside to the the QPoint's as it will only probably attract the people in most need of SMR. I believe that at least having the QPoint is worth it, the heat really makes a difference and the size is versatile enough to use anywhere on your body. You can save a little bit of money by purchasing the kit for $36.99 too. You shouldn't put a price on your mobility, as it directly correlates to your athletic performance. I wish they made a bigger version; I like to use these on my bed versus the dirty gym floor, and I can't dig into my hips adductors as much as I would like with either of the QPoint's.


This May, the gates of Gotham will be wide open for all to enter and explore its darkest secret.
The myth behind Gotham City has been a longstanding point of interest for many a scribe of the Dark Knight. With last year's Return of Bruce Wayne, renowned writer Grant Morrison has injected considerable amount of additional doses of intrigue and mystery to the dark city.
And now, it's the perfect time to explore the dark history of Gotham, with current Detective Comics writer Scott Snyder collaborating with Kyle Higgins on the writing chores with artist Trevor McCarthy on an all-new sic-issue miniseries, Batman: Gates of Gotham.


If you have a dental emergency, call Dr. Grande, an emergency dentist in Herndon, immediately. We will do our best to make arrangements to treat you as quickly as possible - hopefully immediately.
So if you are in horrendous pain with a toothache or have just had an injury to your mouth and teeth from some accident, do not hesitate to call us.
You will find us very understanding and willing to help.
If you have one of these conditions, immediately call Grande Dental Care at (703) 471-7164.


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Calls grow to address worrying effects of inefficient and polluting cooking fuels in Kenya
· The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that diseases caused by household air pollution are killing more than 21,500 Kenyans every year
· The urban Kenyan cooking fuel market is estimated at KSh 60bn – KSh 80bn annually, but remains dominated by less efficient and more emmiting fuels like charcoal and kerosene
Nairobi: March 29, 2019: More than 20,000 Kenyans are dying every year due to the effects of inefficient and polluting cooking fuels used by families across the country, several reports have revealed, with millions more at risk of dying early.
Globally, the World Health Organization says that nine out of 10 people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants. The use of inefficient and polluting cooking fuel, such as charcoal and kerosene, is a primary driver of this alarming situation.
Ms. Anne Songole, CEO of the Clean Cooking Association of Kenya (CCAK), commented: "Inefficient and polluting cooking fuels are a silent killer in Kenya. An average of 400 Kenyans, the majority of whom are women and children, will die this week as a result of diseases attributed to household air pollution, according to WHO statistics. These diseases are avoidable. It's time for us to wake up the scourge of inefficient and polluting fuels."
A recent in-depth study from Dalberg Global Development Advisors notes that 70% of Kenyan households in urban areas use firewood, charcoal, or kerosene as their primary cooking fuel.
"Indoor air pollution from these inefficient and polluting cooking fuels is causing early deaths among affected populations. The most affected are women and children under five years who spend more time in the kitchen. They are affected by respiratory health complications such as pulmonary diseases, asthma, lung cancer, pneumonia, and respiratory tract infections, eye cataracts," the report states.
Triple threat – health, environment, economy
The WHO has long-reported on the continued impacts of household air pollution, driven by cooking with inefficient and polluting fuels. In Kenya, as many as 8-10% of early deaths are attributable to indoor air pollution from charcoal and wood cooking alone; this excludes the unquantified but likely substantial negative effects of kerosene cooking on lung function, infectious illness and cancer risks, as well as burns and poisonings.
The urban Kenyan cooking fuel market is estimated to be worth Ksh 60bn – Ksh 80bn annually, but it remains dominated by inefficient and polluting fuels. Charcoal (22%) and kerosene (29%) are prevalent in urban Kenya due to their wide availability and, traditionally, their relative affordability, despite the rise in prices of such fuels. Another factor in the widespread use of inefficient and polluting fuels has been a lack of awareness about safer and cheaper alternatives, such as LPG and bioethanol.
It is not just Kenya's health system that feels the strain as a result of these cooking fuels; the environment is suffering greatly, due to green house gas emissions, toxic particles and charcoal-driven deforestation.
According to Dalberg, Kenya loses 10.3 million m3 of wood from its forests every year from unsustainable charcoal and wood fuel use. At a time when a desperate drought is affecting so many Kenyans, the scale of deforestation in an already dry country is especially concerning, given its negative impact on food security and agricultural yields. Dalberg's report also indicates that household biomass fuel use contributes more than 22 million tonnes of CO2 each year, equivalent to 30-40% of Kenya's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Economic Cost
Equally, the economic impact is also very significant. Last year's WHO report explained that air pollution is leading to more days spent in hospitals and out of the workforce, with a financial impact that is "unmistakable but, like the health costs, often ignored".
In many affected countries, the WHO notes that health-driven expenses as a result of dirty cooking fuels are expected to grow faster than GDPs, if nothing is done.
Kenya, for instance, loses KSh 200 billion each year as a result of premature deaths brought about by air pollution, according to a study by Global Policy Forum, which made the first major attempt to calculate both the human and financial cost of Africa's pollution.
A different study by the University of Nairobi and Sweden's University of Gotenburg suggested that the air in Nairobi is so polluted that it may be causing serious ailments, including heart and lung diseases as well as cancer. In Africa, air pollution kills 712,000 people every year compared with about 542,000 due to unsafe water, 275,000 due to malnutrition, and 391,000 due to unsafe sanitation, says the report.
Clean Cooking Association of Kenya (CCAK) brings together all stakeholders promoting efficient and cleaner cooking fuels by advocating for an enabling environment for increased awareness and adoption. When affected communities adopt cleaner cooking fuels for their primary use, the number of respiratory health complications and risks to environmental pollution will be reduced.
-END
← President Yoweri Museveni in historic ride on Madaraka Express
Retirement Benefits Authority Unveils Mobile App →
General Kibochi now takes over as Mwathethe retires
May 8, 2020 May 8, 2020 kass online
DP asks Rift Valley residents to embrace peace
Rutoitab Raila eng Mombasa


Evelyn the Business Manager and Rohit from IT preview the upcoming season of the Podcast, How We Manage Stuff. Well, that is what is supposed to happen. Rohit gets obsessed with Googling the phrase "My Bad" and things start to fall apart after that. Yet, in spite of a nasty text, the pair tell you about the stories and ideas for the next episodes of the podcast.


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At 6'6, Robert Paul Kinney was the first "big man" from the Southwest Conference to earn consensus All-American honors in basketball. That was in 1942 after a three-year career as a starter at Rice Institute. With Kinney in the lineup, the Owls compiled 62-14 record, winning the Southwest Conference title in 1940 and sharing it in 1942. Low-scoring games were the norm at that time, yet Kinney totaled 1,000 varsity points. Not surprisingly, he won first team All-Southwest Conference honors three times and All-America twice. He later played with the champion Fort Wayne Pistons for five seasons and the Boston Celtics for three before retiring in 1950. Kinney was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 1984.
Bob Kinney


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KPMG Launches an Initiative to help Black Employees
Monday, March 26, 2018	Print Email
Big four firm KPMG recently has launched a program named KPMG Black Leaders' Network (BLN) with the purpose to improve the prospect of more black employees representation in various business fields and that to at senior level positions.
The said Network currently consists of about fifty members, and aims to provide members with opportunity to interact and communicate with other leaders representing a diverse mix of business backgrounds and roles.
The platform will aid its members in building connections with which to experiment by testing various ideas, consultation with regards to various issues, and provide support, and will also provide the members with the opportunity to learn about issues and speakers that prompt and stimulate discussion.
Once the Network gets fully established, the area of primary focus for the Network will be to provide support and help to high performing black employees that are mainly working in junior positions so that they could make the next step and progress into leadership roles. All this can be achieved by providing those employees with role models, proper mentoring, and counseling from the other members of the BLN.
The partner at KPMG and the Black Leaders' Network chair, Richard Iferenta, said that he believes that KPMG with this platform is making an effort to ensure that all individuals with talent and potential have access to like-minded peers so that to build professional relationships, develop knowledge, discuss and share opinions on various issues which are different and unique with regards to your personal background and this is the reason why this network has been created.
He further said that we at KPMG are in support of a culture that is diverse in nature as it is a priority with regards to meeting the needs of our clients. A setup like this also allows us to attract and secure the best talent there is available in the world. He also said that only attracting the talented individuals is not enough and we want to go a step ahead and make sure that the talent we attract and secure also progresses with time so that to ensure that future of KPMG remains in good hands.
Therefore, the BLN project is a right step in the direction of developing and growing a group of black business leaders that are able to provide mentoring and advice to the next generation. This is just the first step in making the dream of diverse leadership groups a reality
Former Oil Company Executives Convicted of Fraud and Money Laundering
Majority of Young Finance Professionals Feel Threatened by Emerging Technologies
FCA Planning to Launch a Financial Services Directory
Cash Collection Company Coin Co bosses Banned from Being Directors After they Were Found to be at Fault of Holding onto £5.8m Owed to Company's Clients
Businesswomen Sent Behind the Bars for Claiming VAT Refunds Through Forged Invoices
Businessman Disqualified for Eight Years for Avoiding Paying Debts to Creditors


Spectrum is the all-day dining restaurant of Fairmont Makati (Manila, Philippines) offering buffet and a la carte dining. It features international cuisines wih dishes made with the finest and freshest ingredients, and prepared a la minute using simple and healthy cooking styles. The interior is well bathed with natural light while the high ceiling gives a comfortable and airy feel.
In addition to its international line-up of fine cuisines, Spectrum also offers themed buffets in celebration of holidays and special occasions such as Valentine's Day, Lent, Independence Day, International Festivals, Christmas and New Year, to name a few.


Adorable card!!!! and beautiful dies. Thank you for participate and play with Happy Little Stampers.
Super adorable card. I love those darling images.
This is such a beautiful card! I love that weathered wood looking background and the little images on the front are so cute.
Thank you for joining the Cute N Crafty challenge.
Wow... so ein zauberhaftes Kärtchen, gefällt mir super.
Mein erster Kommentar schein nicht durchgegangen zu sein, falls doppelt, kannst du einen löschen.


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El Tríptic d'Adriaan Reins és un tríptic pintat a l'oli sobre tela pel pintor primitiu flamenc d'origen alemany Hans Memling, que va treballar a Bruges a la segona meitat del . Es troba al museu Memling de Bruges, el mateix lloc per al qual fou creat per l'autor.

El tríptic tancat mostra imatges de Santa Wilgefortis a l'esquerra i santa Maria Egipcíaca a la dreta. Obert, el panell esquerre mostra Sant Adrià i el donant agenollat; al centre una escena d'un Davallament de la Creu i, al tauler de la dreta es veu Santa Bàrbara.

El quadre va ser encarregat per Adriaan Reins, monjo de l'hospital de Sant Joan. Els rostres del donant no mostra signes d'una tragèdia, només d'un trist esdeveniment. Presenta una certa influència de l'estil de Rogier van der Weyden i Hugo van der Goes i s'ha considerat que podria ser una obra de joventut, tot i tenir la data de 1480 al marc. Es pensa que la data no és de quan va ser pintat, sinó de quan va ser donat per Reins a l'hospital. Al marc de la taula central hi ha les inicial el donant "AR". El tríptic de Reins és probablement una còpia d'un altre treball que es troba al Museu Boymans Van Beuningen de Rotterdam (part central) i en col·leccions privades a Luxemburg (les ales del tríptic).

Referències

Quadres de Hans Memling
Tríptics
Obres pictòriques del segle XV

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


(IS) Philemon 1 : 16 Ne više kao roba, nego više od roba, brata ljubljenoga, osobito meni, a kamoli većma tebi, i po tijelu i u Gospodinu.
(JB) Philemon 1 : 16 ne kao roba, nego više od roba, kao brata ljubljenoga, osobito meni, a koliko više tebi, i po tijelu i po Gospodinu.
(UKR) Philemon 1 : 16 вже не яко слугу, а вище слуги, яко брата любого, найбільше менї, скілько ж більше тобі, і по тілу, і в Господї.
(DK) Philemon 1 : 16 Ne više kao roba, nego više od roba, brata ljubaznoga, a osobito meni, akamoli tebi, i po tijelu i u Gospodu.
(TD) Philemon 1 : 16 ne više kao rob, već više no rob: jedan ljubljeni brat; on to toliko za mene, koliko li će više biti to za tebe, koliko kao čovjek, toliko kao krščanin.
(dkc) Philemon 1 : 16 Не више као роба, него више од роба, брата љубазнога, а особито мени, акамоли теби, и по тијелу и у Господу.
(AKJV) Philemon 1 : 16 Not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more to you, both in the flesh, and in the Lord?
(ASV) Philemon 1 : 16 no longer as a servant, but more than a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much rather to thee, both in the flesh and in the Lord.
(APB) Philemon 1 : 16 Not as a Servant from now on, but more than a Servant; as my particularly beloved brother, how much more so yours, both in the flesh and in Our Lord?
(DB) Philemon 1 : 16 not any longer as a bondman, but above a bondman, a beloved brother, specially to me, and how much rather to thee, both in the flesh and in the Lord?
(DRB) Philemon 1 : 16 Not now as a servant, but instead of a servant, a most dear brother, especially to me: but how much more to thee both in the flesh and in the Lord?
(ERV) Philemon 1 : 16 no longer as a servant, but more than a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much rather to thee, both in the flesh and in the Lord.
(ESV) Philemon 1 : 16 no longer as a slave but more than a slave, as a beloved brother—especially to me, but how much more to you, both in the flesh and in the Lord.
(GWT) Philemon 1 : 16 no longer as a slave but better than a slave-as a dear brother. He is especially dear to me, but even more so to you, both as a person and as a Christian.
(KJV) Philemon 1 : 16 Not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more unto thee, both in the flesh, and in the Lord?
(NLT) Philemon 1 : 16 He is no longer like a slave to you. He is more than a slave, for he is a beloved brother, especially to me. Now he will mean much more to you, both as a man and as a brother in the Lord.
(WNT) Philemon 1 : 16 no longer as a slave, but as something better than a slave--a brother peculiarly dear to me, and even dearer to you, both as a servant and as a fellow Christian.
(WEB) Philemon 1 : 16 no longer as a slave, but more than a slave, a beloved brother, especially to me, but how much rather to you, both in the flesh and in the Lord.
(YLT) Philemon 1 : 16 no more as a servant, but above a servant -- a brother beloved, especially to me, and how much more to thee, both in the flesh and in the Lord!


The CERN "beam line for schools" competition offers high-school students the chance to conduct a real experiment using a CERN proton beam.
CERN is famous for the Large Hadron Collider, but there's much more to the laboratory than that. A large part of CERN's research and development is carried out using fixed-target beam lines, which are used for a variety of experiments that range from investigating the inner workings of protons to probing the mysteries of antimatter. In 2014, to coincide with its 60th anniversary, CERN will be making a fully equipped beam line available for a team of school students to run an experiment. Physicists, engineers and experts in data acquisition and analysis will offer students guidance. Beam time will be allocated by scientific competition, just as it is allocated for all CERN experiments.
The competition is open to teams of high-school students aged 16 and up. Teams can be composed of up to 30 students with at least one adult supervisor, or "coach". Up to nine of the team members and two coaches would come to CERN to run the team's experiments. Proposals will be pre-selected by a committee of CERN scientists, and the shortlist will be sent to the SPSC, the committee that validates all proposals for experiments at the laboratory's SPS and PS accelerators.
To enter, student teams should carefully study the information about the beam line and experimental facilities (available for download below) and tell us why they think they should win the chance to carry out experiments at the world's leading laboratory for particle physics.
The collaboration submits a letter of intent to the committee.
The committee invites the collaboration to submit a full proposal.
The collaboration submits a full proposal.
If the collaboration's experiment is accepted, it is integrated to the laboratory's research programme.


At Ridgeway we undertake many fundraising activities through which we raise money for our own school and for other charities.
We took part in fundraising for the Children in Need Charity on Friday 13th November. £289.00 was raised through having mad hair and having fun.
On Friday 25th September 2015 we held a coffee morning in aid of Macmillan. It was very successful and we raised £172.
Lots of us wore our jeans for the Jeans for Genes Charity.We raised £85 on Friday 18th September.
Thank you to everyone who supported the Dance Wiggle in aid of the charity Happy Days who have helped us so much. £450 was raised.
The Bedford Masons have raised money for us to buy two wheelchair accessible benches. Thank you very much for your support.
Thank you to everyone who helped us with collecting at Tesco. We raised ver £1200. This an amazing amount.
We had great fun on Children in Need Day. We raised £325. Thank you to everyone who supported us.
Over the past few months some pupils from our Secondary Department have been taking part in a variety of fundraising activities in support of Keech Hospice Care. They took the initiative in raising the money and organised events in memory of their friend Shannon who was so well cared for at Keech.
Sana announced on Friday 7th November that £400 has been raised. Well done everybody!


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The Maze Phase Podcast
Episode 7 - Eating Disorders in teens
In this episode, Bianca speaks with paediatrician Dr Michele Yeo and GP expert Dr Jenny Conway about recognising, assessing and managing eating disorders in primary care. Michele and Jenny describe classic presentations and red flags. Jenny describes the key tasks, roles and responsibilities for GPs and practice nurses working with this group. Michele describes step up and step down care. We discuss the importance of team based care and working with supports.
Link to podcast: https://player.whooshkaa.com/episode?id=680611 (Links to an external site.)
Resources for clinicians:
Eating disorders Queensland resource "Understanding eating disorders" https://www.eatingdisordersqueensland.org.au/wfheict/uploads/2018/12/Understanding-Eating-Disorders-Booklet-EDA-2017.pdf (Links to an external site.)
NEDC website https://nedc.com.au/professional-development/health-professionals/ (Links to an external site.)
Mental Health screening tools: K10- https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/k10.pdf
Dass 21, RCADS-headspace clinical toolkit https://headspace.org.au/clinical-toolkit/anxiety/ (Links to an external site.)
SCOFF: http://www.cedd.org.au/hne/other/scoff_questionnaire.pdf (Links to an external site.)
ESP- http://www.mendedwingcounseling.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/ESP.pdf (Links to an external site.)
For for more information about identifying eating disorders in primary care: https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/clinical/identifying-eating-disorders-in-general-practice (Links to an external site.)
Eating Disorders examination- Questionnaire
EDE-Q: Online version - https://insideoutinstitute.org.au/assessment?started=true (Links to an external site.)
For paper version: https://insideoutinstitute.org.au/assets/ede-q_6-scale-scoring-eating-disorder-screen.pdf (Links to an external site.)
Maudesley model from the UKEvidence based treatment: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414759/ (Links to an external site.)
RCH Guidelines for admission https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Management_of_Eating_Disorders_in_the_Emergency_Department/
Secondary consultation is available through
NEDC National eating disorders https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/early-intervention/health-professionals/ (Links to an external site.)
CEED Centre of Excellence in Eating Disorders Victoria for secondary consultation support. https://ceed.org.au/health-professionals-services/clinical-consultation-services-summary/ (Links to an external site.)
Finding psychologists and dieticians:
Australian psychological society- therapist finder: APS website: https://www.psychology.org.au (Links to an external site.)
Australian Dieticians association website - ADA- https://dietitiansaustralia.org.au/find-an-apd/
PHN Health Pathways: https://vtphna.org.au/our-work/best-practice-prevention-management-and-support/statewide-paediatric-healthpathways-project/
Self help and family support: The Butterfly Foundation https://butterfly.org.au (Links to an external site.)
Inside out institute: https://insideoutinstitute.org.au (Links to an external site.)
NEDC website- https://nedc.com.au/support-and-services-2/families-carers-lived-experience/ (Links to an external site.)
Butterfly Foundation- https://butterfly.org.au/get-support/how-we-help/ (Links to an external site.)
Feed your instinct- https://feedyourinstinct.com.au (Links to an external site.)
Around the dinner table- feast- https://www.aroundthedinnertable.org (Links to an external site.)
Eating disorders families Australia- https://edfa.org.au (Links to an external site.)
Thanks for listening. Subscribe and please get in touch at diss-training@unimelb.edu.au to send feedback, questions and ideas about future episodes.
This Podcast was recorded "at home" on the 4th of December, 2020
Presented by: Bianca Forrester
Interviewees: Dr Michele Yeo- Royal Children's Hospital
Dr Jenny Conway
Produced by: Bianca Forrester
Music: Space Cadet Lullabies
Graphics: Gaal Creative
The Maze Phase is a production of the University of Melbourne, Australia. The Maze Phase is licenced under Creative Commons, Copyright 2017, the University of Melbourne.


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Home > Careers > Co-worker Story Bank > Celebrating the life of a Leader
Celebrating the life of a Leader
By: Country Meadows |
Country Meadows founder Gov. George Leader envisioned seniors living in a retirement community where they could gain independence, make friends and enjoy life.
The late Pennsylvania Governor George M. Leader was a force. In addition to serving as youngest Governor of the Commonwealth, he cared deeply about his fellow man. As one of his biographers, Nelson Geary, wrote: "The Governor, as energetic as a tornado, and spurred by a sense of urgency, was committed to programs which he considered essential for human welfare and social decency."
In 1962, Leader and his wife, Mary Jane, interested in improving quality care for seniors, founded Leader Nursing and Rehabilitation. Over the next 20 years Leader Nursing Centers grew to become the largest provider of skilled care in the Commonwealth. Following its merger with an out-of-state provider, Leader embarked on setting the standard for a new level of care in Pennsylvania—personal care. So began his family's journey into the emerging field of assisted living.
"Wellness is the key to the future," said Leader. "It's not just the quantity but the quality of life we are concerned about. We are working to keep residents spirits up and extend their Golden years." Country Meadows was designed to offer assisted physical care, but also opportunities for residents to make friends, explore hobbies, maintain physical fitness and in general, enjoy life.
With an emphasis on wellness and a holistic approach to health care, Leader added 10 locations over the years, hosting apartments and services in a homelike setting, and restorative care for those who need a little more support than traditionally found in an assisted living setting.
According to Leader, "By nurturing the body, the mind and the spirit, we believe that not only years can be added to a person's life, but that these years can be healthy, productive and truly enjoyable."
Even at the age of 80, Leader was not ready for a real retirement and decided to keep busy by launching yet another assisted living company, Providence Place. At the time of his death in 2013, at the age of 95, he served as its Chairman, President and CEO.
Three generations of the Leader family have served seniors for more than 50 years, and Country Meadows and Providence Place remain 100% family-owned and managed. The family's main emphasis through the years has been to provide high-quality services at reasonable costs through a compassionate, well-trained and highly motivated team of professionals.
Beyond Leader's involvement in the profession, his family's commitment has never changed—a philosophy of friendly, person-to-person caring that has become a Leader tradition.
Gov. Leader's son, Country Meadows President and CEO Michael Leader, says that guiding vision remains today. "Country Meadows was founded on the philosophy of helping seniors stay as independent as possible, and that remains our core philosophy today. Our goal is to make good on our tagline at Country Meadows 'Life gets better.'"
3 thoughts on "Celebrating the life of a Leader"
Judy Wolfman says:
Gov. Leader's vision/dream became a reality, for which hundreds of senior citizens are eternally grateful! Living in a welcoming community where we are cared for and able to remain independent is a blessing. His family now carry on his dream, making it possible for senor citizens to continue to enjoy life in spite of growing "older".
Thank you for your kind words. He did, and his family honors his legacy and vision by caring for residents like family.
Judy, thank you for your kind words. He did, and his family honors his legacy and vision by caring for residents like family.
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