text:
Babyface is disciplined and ready to dish it out
Boxing / 21 December 2019, 10:30am / matshelane mamabolo
Like many before him, Japanese boxing legend Akira Yaegeshi is about to step into the ring with an immovable object. Revered as he is, the three weight divisions former champion is going to find that even the best of his punches might not be enough to put his opponent out.
He would have seen this from watching the tape of his compatriot Masayuki Kuroda trying in vain back in May to depose Moruti Mthalane as the IBF flyweight champion of the world.
To say Kuroda got his face panel-beaten would be putting it mildly as Mthalane outpointed him and left the ring true to his nickname Babyface.
Not that the 37-year-old South African is as good at evading punches and avoiding a beating like the incomparable Flloyd Mayweather Junior was. Far from it.
But Mthalane can take a punch alright!
Sure, his defence is great and he has a fantastic ring craft that has seen many an opponent's punches punish thin air. But he also has an incredible ability to absorb punishment and then dish it out to great effect.
It is just before noon on Wednesday morning and the Hot Box Gym on Grenville Avenue in Savoy Estate, Johannesburg is uncharacteristically quiet.
Mthalane has just completed an intensive workout as he finalises his preparations for the fight against Yaegeshi taking place on Monday in Yokohama, Japan.
Well, at least I thought he had completed the session that saw him go three rounds with the punching bag, four with trainer Colin Nathan allowing him to be the aggressor and four more with assistant Vusi Mtolo who roughed him up a bit and got him to fight on the back foot.
He then punched the hardball for another round while the strength exercises that followed afterwards also lasted the three minutes' duration of a boxing round and included short sprints for the legs as well as sit-ups, crunches and push-ups.
Mtolo though was not done with Mthalane and brought a hard ball the size of a baseball which he used to hit the boxer, who was half-lying on his back, on the body.
It looked painful, Mthalane wincing with every hit and even blocking the blows. At one stage he begged Mtolo to stop but the assistant would have none of it.
"You've got to be able to take it baba," Mtolo told him as if to say that is what you are going to be hit with on fight night.
Mthalane took it alright and as we sat down for the interview afterwards he exuded the air of a man ready for whatever his adversary will throw at him.
"I am going to beat him," Mthalane says matter-of-factly. "Sure he is a great boxer and I respect him. But I am in great shape. Our preparations have gone very well. Nothing has disturbed my training this time around."
For his last fight, Mthalane had to cope with the loss of his five-month-old daughter who died in March following a short illness.
That he overcame that to make a successful second defence of his title speaks to the mental strength of the man from Pietermaritzburg for whom adversity was like a friend growing up.
Nathan describes it as discipline: "Moruti's discipline is second to none. He is consistently training and hardly ever gains weight. I think he is one of a few boxers who really understands that this is his job. He respects everything about it."
That respect is in evidence throughout the session as he follows both Nathan's and Mtolo's instruction and hardly slackens up - exhausting as the workout appears to be.
He later explains: "I cannot live like a normal man. As a sportsman, I have to behave completely different from the other guys. Focus is key. I have to live a straight life if I am to be successful as a sportsman."
It was this attitude that helped him deal with the loss of his daughter and still be able to focus on his training to then beat Kuroda.
"She had been ill and she passed away. It was really a tough time and we decided to keep it a secret because I was busy with training.
"There was nothing I could do about it. I believe that if you cannot change something, you must just live with it. It was hard for me to lose my daughter. But I had support from everyone around me, especially from my mother. She helped my wife and I stay strong."
This relationship with his mom was key to Mthalane's upbringing as his father died when he was only six.
"I never really knew my father because I was very young when he died. But my mother was everything for me because she had to fend for us alone. It was hard growing up with little so much that after high school there was no chance of going to study further."
Boxing, which he had started in his early teens by following his cousins to the gym, provided the much-needed refuge and the late realisation he could make a living out of it saw him take the sport more seriously.
"I loved to box but I only knew about the pay when I turned pro. Earlier on I just enjoyed the thrill if winning."
Now the only South African world champion in possession of a belt by a highly respected sanctioning body following Zolani Tete's recent dethroning, does Mthalane feel pressure going into Monday's fight to keep the country's name up in lights?
Of course, there is always pressure. But for me it is not brought about by outside factors. I love being a world champion. I worked hard to become champion and the pressure I feel is from within, to ensure that I don't return to being just an ordinary boxer but to stay as a world champion. I have to pay the bills, hey."
The smart man that he is, Mthalane also works as a personal trainer in a gym to supplement his boxing income.
He goes into the ring on Monday confident he has done everything necessary to defend his title.
In the sparring sessions with Nathan and Mtolo, the last 10 seconds of each round were wound down with Mthalane delivering a flurry of punches.
"The nature of boxing is such that the judges put down their score after the bell. And we know that a lot of them are often swayed by what they witness late on, instead of what transpires throughout the two minutes and 50 seconds. So we want to make sure that Moruti steals the rounds if he has to, although our main plan is to obviously win every round from the onset," Mtolo explained.
It was those hard blows with the hard ball though that left me believing that Yaegeshi will come unstuck and that the ring announcer will boom 'And still the IBF flyweight champion of the world Moruti Mthalane' come the end of the fight on Monday.
@tshiliboy
Independent on Saturday


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Sexual harassment is preventable. Sexual harassment must be prevented. Corporations have tremendously successful resources to effectively prevent sexual harassment – if they choose to use them.
Findlaw has put together useful tips to prevent sexual harassment.


China: An End to Trademark Grabbing in China?
On August 30, 2013 the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted the third amendment to the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China, which will enter into force on May 1, 2014.
Does the new trademark law address the concerns of trademark holders as to the rampant instances of trademark grabbing by unauthorized Chinese parties?
The actual trademark law, and the related case law of Chinese civil courts as well as the practice of the relevant administrative bodies in charge of trademark protection in China have clearly failed in preventing and punishing a most common form of trademark infringement in China, namely that of the so called trademark grabbing together with the related fall out of trademark trolls actions against foreign investors in China. Following we will briefly address such legal issues and we will then analyze the new trademark law to see whether and how these issues have now been dealt with.
Under Chinese trademark law, only a registered trademark enjoys protection and the first person or entity to register it becomes its lawful owner, even if that trademark has already been used by others in China. Known as "trademark trolls," certain Chinese companies or individuals are known to actively follow a strategy of registering intellectual property rights in China that arguably belong to their foreign competitors. Aware of the very strict "first to file" principle, they identify, apply and register trademarks belonging to competitors who have forgotten or not yet taken steps to register them.
The actual law and the related practice of all relevant civil and administrative bodies cannot prevent such occurrences. The usurped right holder's only actual recourse is that of filing a trademark cancellation action and wait years for the hostile trademark to be cancelled, if this is actually really going to happen. The problem for the rightful trademark owner is that in the meanwhile, any act of manufacturing, selling, importing and offering for sale of his products with that stolen trademark, will constitute an act of infringement. The result: the grabber, aware of this, may file a civil or administrative enforcement, thus damaging the foreign company's business and reputation. There have been indeed several of such trademark troll cases in China in the last years.
The current legal system does not recognize any legal right to the prior use the foreign holder has made in China of that trademark before the registration of the same obtained by the usurper. The system does lack indeed a legal structure to balance the possible injustice created by the strict observance of the principle of "first to file".
Trademark grabbing particularly affects medium and small foreign enterprises in China. Lack of knowledge of the trademark system of this country leads often to ineffective trademark filing policies. The loopholes left by unsystematic trademark filings are cleverly exploited by individuals (professional grabbers), competitors, and by local business partners. The latter may initially even do it in good faith, but may later discover that this is a very good bargaining weapon and a preventive tool in case they decide to leave the partnership and become competitors.
Seen in this perspective, trademark grabbing can indeed cause a business to be prevented or to be forced to leave the Chinese market in consequence to the "legal" loss of its brand and the related goodwill.
Any Solutions in the new Trademark Law?
The fact that trademark grabbing has actually reached levels that negatively affect fair competition and distort the principles backing the first to file system upon which the Chinese trademark law is based, has been now fully acknowledged and concrete changes of policy are now visible in the new trademark law.
The first acknowledgement of the existence of an unfair exploitation and abuse of the rule of first to file is the first time ever embodiment of the principle of good faith/bad faith in the trademark Law. Article 7 of the Trademark Law now expressly provides that the application for registration and use of a trademark shall be based on the principle of good faith. Such principle alone can constitute now a solid legal ground to file a trademark cancellation. Such wasn't the case in the past, due to the lack of a legal base upon which to support a bad faith registration claim.
Aside from reinforcing the legal grounds for filing cancellations against the grabbed trademarks and speeding up the timing for completion of cancellation procedures, a most important change of policy and an exception to the "first-to-file" principle, is now contained in the new trademark law. For the first time in the history of the trademark law of China, if we exclude the case of unregistered well-known trademark, a right of prior use of a trademark in China is recognized under certain conditions, with a positive fall-out for the rightful owner in cases of trademark grabbing.
Article 59 of the third amendment of the trademark law provides that if someone has used a mark identical or similar to a registered trademark, in respect to identical or similar goods, before the date of filing of the latter trademark, and under the condition that the prior mark has meanwhile obtained a certain degree of reputation in China due to its use, the trademark registrant has no right to prevent the prior user from further employing such mark within the original scope of its use. At most, the trademark registrant may impose to the prior user the addition of an indication of distinction to the prior mark.
The norm goes even further by protecting the prior use of designs and shapes which may later form the body of a registered trademark or 3D mark. According to the same article 59, the exclusive right owner of a registered trademark may not prohibit others from the rightful use of the generic names, models or designs of the goods as included in the registered trademark, including registered 3D marks.
Even if the trademark grabber dared filing an enforcement lawsuit against the prior user, not only he would face the risk of rejection of his claims based on art. 59, but will also be subject to another risk related to the non-use of the stolen trademark. In fact, article 64 of the new trademark law provides that the alleged infringer, in this case the prior user, can raise non-use as a defense in a civil lawsuit for trademark infringement and the plaintiff has the burden to prove that he has used the trademark during the last three years from the date of the lawsuit. If the Plaintiff fails to prove the use of the trademark as requested, the defendant will be exempted from the payment of any damages. Considering that in force of article 59 the prior user can continue to use its mark within its original scope of use, a lawsuit in such a case would be of no consequence for the prior user. Such situation is actually the most typical in cases of trademark grabbing. Most grabbers will in fact not use the trademark, given that the only purpose of stealing is to prevent the filing and use of the trademark by the foreign prior user.
These new norms are a welcome addition to the Trademark Law. The prior user will have thus the right to continue to use his unregistered marks in China while attempting the cancellation of the stolen trademarks. This will give to the prior user and rightful owner of that sign to prepare and implement cancellations strategies without stopping his business in China.
At the same time, this norm should also discourage the trademark grabbers, especially the professional ones, considering that they normally just grab marks but do not use them. In this respect, a further restraint from grabbing is provided by the new article 64, especially considering that most grabbers never use their trademarks and with such awareness will likely refrain from civil enforcement.
We will now have to see in practice how all these new norms will really impact the trademark practice in China, but there are surely reasons for optimism.
1 See Paolo Beconcini, Kelly Liu in "$5M Case Highlights Risk from Chinese trademark Trolls" in Law 360 Law Journal of October 17, 2012.


Get hands-on instruction and practice implementing networking with Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 in this 5-day Microsoft Official Course. You will learn the skills you need to help reduce networking complexity while lowering costs, simplifying management tasks, and delivering services reliably and efficiently. You will learn how to automate and consolidate networking processes and resources, more easily connect private clouds with public cloud services, and more easily connect users to IT resources and services across physical boundaries. You will learn how to configure some of the key networking features such as IP Addressing, IPAM, DNS and DHCP, Remote Access technologies such as DirectAccess and VPNs.
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text:
Q: How can I make a multipage image from an image list I have one multipage image abc.tiff, I have to do some drawing on each page and save that as one multipage image into some D:\xyz location.
I am using below code for that:
    List<Image> images = new List<Image>();
    Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap)Image.FromFile(@"abc.tiff");
    int count = bitmap.GetFrameCount(System.Drawing.Imaging.FrameDimension.Page);

    for (int idx = 0; idx < count ; idx++)
    {

        bitmap.SelectActiveFrame(System.Drawing.Imaging.FrameDimension.Page, idx);
        // save each frame to a bytestream
        MemoryStream byteStream = new MemoryStream();
        // below 3 lines for drawing something on image...
        Bitmap tmp = new Bitmap(bitmap, bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height);
        Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(tmp);
        g.DrawRectangle(blackPen, x, y, width, height);

        tmp.Save(byteStream, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Tiff);
        tmp.Dispose();
        // and finally adding each frame into image list
        images.Add(Image.FromStream(byteStream));
    }

After that I want to save my modified multipage image on D:\xyz location.
Could you please suggest me how can I obtain one multipage image from List<Image> images?

A: This is taken pretty much directly from Bob Powell:
Assuming
string saveName =  "c:\\myMultiPage.tiff"    // your target path
List<Image> imgList = new List<Image>();     // your list of images

When the list is filled you can do this:
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
// ..

System.Drawing.Imaging.Encoder enc = System.Drawing.Imaging.Encoder.SaveFlag;

// create one master bitmap from the first image
Bitmap master = new Bitmap(imgList[0]);
ImageCodecInfo info = null;

// lets hope we find a tiff encoder!
foreach (ImageCodecInfo ice in ImageCodecInfo.GetImageEncoders())
    if (ice.MimeType == "image/tiff")  info = ice;

// we'll always need only one parameter
EncoderParameters ep = new EncoderParameters(1);
ep.Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(enc, (long)EncoderValue.MultiFrame);

// save the master with our parameter, announcing it will be 'MultiFrame'
master.Save(saveName, info, ep);

// now change the parameter to 'FramePage'..
ep.Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(enc, (long)EncoderValue.FrameDimensionPage);

// ..and add-save the other images into the master file
for (int i = 1; i < imgList.Count; i++)
    master.SaveAdd(imgList[i], ep);

// finally set the parameter to 'Flush' and do it..
ep.Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(enc, (long)EncoderValue.Flush);
master.SaveAdd(ep);

All praise to Bob Powell!!

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Home > Life > health and wellness > Princess Cruises Temporarily Revises Cancellation Policy
March 6, 2020 March 6, 2020 TNC
In Response to the COVID-19 Worldwide, Cruise Line is Allowing Cancellations for Cruises Departing through May 31, 2020
SANTA CLARITA, Calif., March 6, 2020 /CNW/ — Princess Cruises is temporarily modifying its cancellation policy for cruises and cruise tours departing through May 31, 2020. The cruise line is implementing this revised policy to assist guests making decisions regarding their upcoming cruise vacations during the evolving worldwide COVID-19 situation.
The details vary by departure date.
Apr 3 or earlier
Cancel up to 72hrs before sailing to receive
Future Cruise Credit (FCC) for 100% of cancellation fees
Apr 4 – May 31
Cancel by Mar 31, 2020 and receive FCC for 100% of cancellation fees
Jun 1 – June 30
Final Payment moves to 60 days prior to sailing (from 90 days)
Date of departure is from the start date of your cruise or cruise tour, whichever is earlier. Excludes Chartered Cruises
Guests that choose to keep their booking as currently scheduled for departures between March 9 and May 31 will receive the following Onboard Credit amounts (USD):
$100 per cabin for 3-day and 4-day cruises
$150 per cabin for 5-day cruises
$200 per cabin for 6 day and longer cruises
Future Cruise Credits will automatically be applied to each guests Captain Circle account after they have cancelled. Future Cruise Credits will not be available instantly and may take up to 10 business days to be processed.
Full details can be found at
https://www.princess.com/news/notices_and_advisories/notices/temporary-cancellation-policy.html
Additional information about Princess Cruises is available through a professional travel advisor, by calling 1-800-PRINCESS (1-800-774-6237), or by visiting the company's website at princess.com.
About Princess Cruises
One of the best-known names in cruising, Princess Cruises is the fastest growing international premium cruise line and tour company operating a fleet of 18 modern cruise ships, carrying two million guests each year to 380 destinations around the globe, including the Caribbean, Alaska, Panama Canal, Mexican Riviera, Europe, South America, Australia/New Zealand, the South Pacific, Hawaii, Asia, Canada/New England, Antarctica and World Cruises. A team of professional destination experts have curated 170 itineraries, ranging in length from three to 111 days and Princess Cruises is continuously recognized as "Best Cruise Line for Itineraries."
In 2017 Princess Cruises, with parent company Carnival Corporation, introduced MedallionClass Vacations enabled by the OceanMedallion, the vacation industry's most advanced wearable device, provided free to each guest sailing on a MedallionClass ship. The award-winning innovation offers the fastest way to a hassle-free, personalized vacation giving guests more time to do the things they love most. MedallionClass Vacations will be activated on five ships by the end of 2019. An activation plan will continue across the global fleet in 2020 and beyond.
Princess Cruises continues its multi-year, "Come Back New Promise" – a $450 million-dollar product innovation and cruise ship renovation campaign that will continue to enhance the line's onboard guest experience. These enhancements result in more moments of awe, lifetime memories and meaningful stories for guests to share from their cruise vacation. The product innovations include partnerships with award-winning Chef Curtis Stone; engaging entertainment inspired shows with Broadway-legend Stephen Schwartz; immersive activities for the whole family from Discovery and Animal Planet that include exclusive shore excursions to onboard activities; the ultimate sleep at sea with the award-winning Princess Luxury Bed and more.
Two new Royal-class ships are currently under construction – Enchanted Princess, scheduled for delivery in June 2020, followed by Discovery Princess in November 2021. Princess previously announced that two new (LNG) ships which will be the largest ships in the Princess fleet, accommodating approximately 4,300 guests are planned for delivery in 2023 and 2025. Princess now has four ships arriving over the next five years between 2020 and 2025. The company is part of Carnival Corporation & plc (NYSE/LSE: CCL; NYSE:CUK).
SOURCE Princess Cruises
www.princess.com
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"Better luck next time," sneers Tresa, holding the cup up to the light. An eerie sheen gleams on its surface.
"It is a pretty thing, is it not?" she says.
Jake eyes the half-dozen gun-barrels levelled at his chest. "You don't understand what you've got there," he says.
Tresa hands the cup to one of the soldiers. "Put this in the plane and prepare for take-off," she says. The soldier clicks his heels and runs off.
She turns back to Jake.
The cargo plane's engines start up with a roar. Birds scatter from the nearby trees. Tresa starts towards the plane.
Posted in Blog Posts and tagged Fortune and Glory, session report on May 9, 2014 by Tim.
We now have the second of the expansions for Fortune and Glory. This is Treasure Hunters and contains four new hero characters to play.
It also comes with new cards for all the decks and some new rules, including Personal Missions and the Docks.
Posted in Blog Posts and tagged Expansion, Fortune and Glory, Treasure Hunters, Unboxing on May 7, 2014 by Tim.
This is The Rise of the Crimson Hand, the first expansion for Fortune and Glory: The Cliffhanger Game.
It adds a whole new faction of villains, the Crimson Hand, who are a cult threatening to take over the world.
Posted in Blog Posts and tagged Expansion, Fortune and Glory, The Rise of the Crimson Hand, Unboxing on May 4, 2014 by Tim.
Fortune and Glory: The Cliffhanger Game is the Indiana Jones-style adventure game from Flying Frog Productions. The title comes from the most famous quote from the Raiders movies, after the one about the snakes.
It is set in the 1930s, and is a cooperative game where you are chasing the Nazis around the world after mysterious ancient artifacts.
This has to be the biggest box game we own. It has a nice huge world map and a whole bunch of cards and figures.
It is also the only game I have seen that comes with a disclaimer.
We got it a while back and played it once. We found it a bit difficult to keep up with the villains. The game also suffered from 'first play' syndrome where I hadn't got the rules straight. Gab loves it though. We call it 'Nazi-opoly'.
We have dug it out because we discovered it has two expansions. We now have the first of these, The Rise of The Crimson Hand. This is quite cool, as the Crimson Hand were the evil cult in the Touch of Evil board game, so they are still going two hundred years later.
I haven't painted the Nazi soldiers or the Mob villains yet, so along with the Crimson Hand they will make a nice painting project.


text:
The meaning and symbol of general palsy in dreams
The meaning of whole-body numbness dreams, whole-body numbness dreams have realistic effects and reactions, as well as the subjective imagination of the dreamer. Please see the detailed explanation of the whole body numbness dreams to help you organize below.
Dreaming of limb numbness is not a good dream or a bad omen.
People in love dream about limb numbness, which symbolizes that your love has come to an end.
People who are engaged in literature-related work dream of limb numbness, which means that your income will be reduced and there is no achievement in literature.
Dream interpretation: To dream of being numb all over your body indicates that you are facing great danger or difficulty. He has lost faith in his abilities.
Psychoanalysis: To dream of knowing a person who is paralyzed, indicates that you are very sympathetic to his injury and difficulties. The stranger in the dream may represent the hidden side of your character.
Spiritual symbol: From this perspective, paralysis in a dream symbolizes spiritual incompetence and inertia.
The meaning and symbol of inflammation in dreams
The meaning and symbol of sickness in dreams
The meaning and symbol of A bundle of firewood in dream
The meaning and symbol of Yam in dream
The meaning and symbol of broad bean in dream
The meaning and symbol of steamed buns in dreams
What Do Captain Symbolize in Dreams and How to Interpret the Meaning
What is the meaning and symbolism of eyelids in a dream?


text:
Kotež (od ) je urbano gradsko naselje u Beogradu i podnaselje  Krnjače, smešteno na levoj obali Dunava. Kotež je udaljen od Trga republike svega 7 km, i spada u prvu zonu grada Beograda. U naselju postoji uređena kanalizacija, naselje je građeno sa urbanističkim planom, u naselju je posađen veliki broj stabala, i spada u jedno od najzelenijih naselja Beograda. Naselje broji preko 10 000 stanovnika, a prema nezvaničnim podacima Kotež ima preko 20 000 stanovnika (uključujući i "divlja naselja").

Naselje Kotež osnovano je 1968. godine. U početku je to bila radnička naseobina zaposlenih u "Mostogradnji", MUP-u i u "Radu". Danas, to naselje je jedno od dve urbane sredine na levoj obali Dunava, druga je Borča.

Nalazi se na severnoj obali kanala Kalovita i sa zapadne strane zrenjaninskog puta. Pripada opštini Palilula (takozvanom banatskom delu Palilule). Do 1971. godine Kotež je pripadao Krnjači (koja tada gubi status zasebnog naselja i postaje deo Beograda). Izgrađen je u obliku osmougla, ali se od 1980. godine širi (uglavnom ka zapadu i jugu) zbog ilegalne gradnje i gubi originalni, pravilni geometrijski oblik.

Sa zrenjaninskim putem je povezan ulicom Sutjeska 8 (900m) i to je jedina urbanistička veza naselja sa ostatkom Beograda. Godine 2016, autobuska linija koja saobraća na relaciji Trg republike — Kotež, se produžava za još tri stanice, te sada ide do Novog Beograda, tačnije do Ušća.

Kotež ima svoju pijacu, supermarket, mesnu zajednicu, ambulantu "Dr Milutin Ivković", dva kafića, dve pošte, ima više lanaca marketa Aman i Soul food, isto tako tamo se nalazi veliki broj hamburgerija i malih prodavnica. U Kotežu se nalazi jedna od najvećih pržionica kafe u Srbiji.

U naselju se nalaze i dva vrtića i osnovna škola "Vasa Pelagić". Škola je izgrađena sedamdesetih godina i jedna je od tri u Srbiji koje su ušle u "Program za mir" pod pokroviteljstvom kanadske vlade. Nastavu pohađa oko 1.370 đaka.

Početkom novog milenijuma Kotež postaje poznat širom Srbije zbog razvoja hip-hop scene u samom naselju. Grupe kao što su Bad Copy, Prti Bee Gee i njihovi članovi, popularni muzičari Timjah, Ajs Nigrutin i Eufrat često u pesmama pominju ime naselja, kao i broj 43 (autobuska linija koja saobraća na relaciji Trg Republike — Kotež).

Klima

Kotež ima umereno kontinentalnu klimu.

Izvori
 Beograd — plan grada; M@gic M@p.
 Beograd — plan i vodič; Geokarta.

Spoljašnje veze

Beogradska naselja
Палилулска насеља

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text:
The Old Songs Podcast: Ep8 – 'Hal-An-Tow' ft. Lisa Knapp
Jon Wilks·
the old songs podcast
· 1 May 2020 ·1 min read
A full hour-long podcast about the May song, "Hal-An-Tow", which is traditionally sung and danced on May 8th in Helston, Cornwall.
I'm writing this intro at 11:45pm on April 30th, desperate to get the podcast done in time for the very start of May. Why? You'll see why over the next hour or so. In the traditional calendar, no month quite rivals this one.
From the perspective of traditional song, it's also the calendric home of one of my favourites. 'Hal-An-Tow', or Roud 1520 to give it its official numbers, is one of those songs that everyone involved in the traditional folk scene will know, but seems inexplicably unknown to the rest of the population. Why that is, it's hard to explain, but this episode seemed like a great opportunity to help further its popularity.
And who better to chat about it with than Lisa Knapp, one of my very favourite singers of any genre. Lisa's 2017 album, Till April is Dead – A Garland Of May is something of a masterpiece – an extraordinary concept album that built on a huge amount of research that Lisa did into the subject of May and May traditions.
There's so much here to be getting stuck into – we're discussing 'Hal-An-Tow', how Lisa made her album, and some of the incredible May traditions that exist in the UK. So we happily overran the usual hour or so that these podcasts last. Welcoming in the May, then, please get comfy and join me in welcoming Lisa Knapp to the Old Songs Podcast.
The Old Songs Podcast: Ep5 – 'An Acre of Land' ft. Paul Sartin
Find out more about Lisa Knapp at here website, by clicking here.
Lisa Knapp
Jon Wilks
Jon Wilks is the editor of Tradfolk.co. He has previously worked as the editorial director of Time Out Tokyo, and editor of Time Out Abu Dhabi. Over the years he has written for the Guardian, Dazed & Confused, the Japan Times and many more publications. When he is not writing about traditional folk music on this website, he's performing and recording traditional music over on jonwilks.online. His original blog, Grizzly Folk (2017-2018), forms the basis of the early posts on this website.
Gerry Colvin At Rosslyn Court
Rosslyn Court
Ciderhouse Rebellion & The Tears of Jenny Greenteeth At Cecil Sharp House
Frankie Archer At Cobalt Studios, Newcastle
Cobalt Studios
Fern Maddie At The Stables, Milton Keynes
The Stables
Julian Gaskell & His Ragged Trousered Philanthropists At Green Note, Camden
Green Note
Julian Gaskell & His Ragged Trousered Philanthropists At The Bell, Bath
The Bell Inn, Bath
Pingback: The best traditional May songs, as chosen by traditional singers - Tradfolk
Stevyn Colgan says:
Interesting podcast as always. I grew up in Helston, Cornwall, and took part in the annual Hal-An-Tow mumming play for many years. And yes, the Waterson's version does have two verses that have never been sung in Helston during the festival's 300+ year history. And the American version you mention is erroneously sung to the tune of the Furry Dance which takes place on Flora Day – same day as the Hal-An-Tow. I was there for the event this year – the first in three years because of Covid – and it was extraordinary. It absolutely defines the town and there were plenty of grown men with tears in their eyes! 🙂


text:
Q: Input in Tkinter Background I have a simple program that takes two strings via the raw_input function and compares them. It tells me if they're identical or not via printing in the shell.
However, I want to add an interface to this simple program. I want the result to show up on a window, not the shell. I used Tkinter but the problem is that as soon as i run the program, the Tkinter window pops up (as it's supposed to) but now I cannot type in the shell. I have to click on the shell and only then I can type.
I want my code to work with a barcode scanner so i have to click on the shell and then start scanning. The simple version does work. But with the Tkinter interface, I first have to click on the shell and then only i can scan.
Is there a way around this? I want to be able to just run the setup and without doing anything, start scanning.
This is what I have in code:
from Tkinter import *
import sys

font = "Helvetica"

wnd = Tk()
wnd.title("Barcode Checker")
c = Canvas(wnd, width=800,height=600,background="grey")

green = PhotoImage(file = "green.gif")
blue = PhotoImage(file = "blue.gif")
red = PhotoImage(file = "red.gif")
yellow = PhotoImage(file = "yellow.gif")

#def keypress(e):
#    if e.keysym == "Escape":
#        wnd.destroy()

#wnd.bind_all("<Key>",keypress)

c.create_image(400,300,image = blue)

barcode = ''

c.create_text(400,200, text = "Please scan the barcode\n you want to save", font =   (font,40))
c.pack()

def keypress(e):
    if e.keysym== "Escape":
        wnd.destroy()
        sys.exit()
wnd.bind_all("<Key>",keypress)

barcode = raw_input("Scan the MAIN item: ")

if barcode != '':
    c.create_text(400,320, text = "Barcode successfully scanned.",font = (font,35))
    c.create_image(400,300,image = yellow)
    c.create_text(400,350, text = "Barcode you have scanned: "+str(barcode),font = (font,30))
    c.create_text(400,200,text = "Please begin scanning.", font=(font,40))
    print "Barcode successfully scanned"

while True:
    barcode2 = raw_input("Scan the item you want to check: ")

    if barcode2== "quit":
        break

    if barcode2 == barcode:
        c.create_image(400,300,image = green)
        c.create_text(400,100, text = "Main Barcode: "+ str(barcode),font=(font,30))
        c.create_text(400,300, text = "New Barcode: "+ str(barcode2),font=(font,30))
        c.create_text(400,350, text = "The barcodes are identical", font=(font, 35))
        print "The barcodes are identical"

    if barcode2 != barcode:
        c.create_image(400,300,image = red)
        c.create_text(400,100, text = "Main Barcode: "+str(barcode),font=(font,30))
        c.create_text(400,300, text= "New Barcode: "+str(barcode2),font=(font,30))
        c.create_text(400,350, text = "The barcodes do not match", font=(font, 35))
        print "The barcode does NOT match"

c.pack()
wnd.destroy()
sys.exit()
wnd.mainloop()

Thank you.

A: You have some options:
1 - Complete Tkinter interface. Use tkMessagebox.showinfo(title,message)
to display the result and tkSimpleDialog.askstring(title,message,initialvalue="",parent=None)
2 - create a function for the response. Use the following function:
def response():
    wnd = Tk()
    wnd.title("Barcode Checker")
    c = Canvas(wnd, width=800,height=600,background="grey")

    green = PhotoImage(file = "green.gif")
    blue = PhotoImage(file = "blue.gif")
    red = PhotoImage(file = "red.gif")
    yellow = PhotoImage(file = "yellow.gif")

    c.create_image(400,300,image = blue)
    c.create_text(400,200, text = "Please scan the barcode\n you want to save", font =   (font,40))
    c.pack()

    c.create_text(400,320, text = "Barcode successfully scanned.",font = (font,35))
    c.create_image(400,300,image = yellow)
    c.create_text(400,350, text = "Barcode you have scanned: "+str(barcode),font = (font,30))
    c.create_text(400,200,text = "Please begin scanning.", font=(font,40))
    print "Barcode successfully scanned"

    if barcode2 == barcode:
        c.create_image(400,300,image = green)
        c.create_text(400,100, text = "Main Barcode: "+ str(barcode),font=(font,30))
        c.create_text(400,300, text = "New Barcode: "+ str(barcode2),font=(font,30))
        c.create_text(400,350, text = "The barcodes are identical", font=(font, 35))
        print "The barcodes are identical"

    if barcode2 != barcode:
        c.create_image(400,300,image = red)
        c.create_text(400,100, text = "Main Barcode: "+str(barcode),font=(font,30))
        c.create_text(400,300, text= "New Barcode: "+str(barcode2),font=(font,30))
        c.create_text(400,350, text = "The barcodes do not match", font=(font, 35))
        print "The barcode does NOT match"

    c.pack()
    wnd.bind_all("<Key>", keypress)
    wnd.mainloop()


text:
This is Corktown
Detroit's oldest community is on the verge of transformation. Seven short stories chronicle the hope — and anxiety — its residents face
John Carlisle, Detroit Free Press
Long ago, Corktown was one neighborhood, the oldest in the city. Then a new freeway plowed right through it, splitting it in two, and its separated halves went their different ways.
On the south side, which stayed anchored to the area's commercial avenue, residents worked hard to preserve dense streets of Victorian homes, even as urban blight and urban renewal ate away at the neighborhood's edges.
But its unmoored other half withered away. Over time, North Corktown was plagued by crime and blight, deserted by most of its residents, left to revert back to nature.
Now, both halves are on the verge of a transformation. Last July, Ford Motor Co. bought the long-abandoned Michigan Central Station, for years an iconic reminder of the city's decline. The automaker promised to restore the building to magnificence and bring thousands of new jobs and new people to the area.
The bars and restaurants are thrilled at the prospect of more customers. Land speculators are ecstatic that their dormant bets are about to become jackpots. But many residents have concerns. Will rents and property taxes skyrocket, forcing people out? Will newcomers outnumber familiar faces? Will the grassy fields be filled with expensive lofts and condos? For those who've made either part of Corktown their home, for better or worse, life's about to be very different.
Ford's arrival promises change in Corktown
Long ago, Corktown was split in two by a freeway. Now that Ford is moving in, both halves are about to see big changes.
Ryan Garza and Brian Kaufman, Detroit Free Press
Years ago, Howard King got into some trouble in North Corktown. Some people still won't let him forget about it. And ever since, he's been on a mission to help his neighborhood and redeem his name.
Read the short story
Metalworker Kristyn Koth chose the emptiness of North Corktown to create something unique. Ford's arrival promises to make her neighborhood a lot more crowded.
Out of house and home
The homeless people in the neighborhood might not have houses, but Corktown has long been their home. Father Tom Lumpkin, the priest who watches over them, wonders whether they can stay here much longer.
An ailing shut-in opened her door to people in need. She found several takers in her North Corktown neighborhood. Now Janice Shapiro has become a prisoner in her own home.
The elderly couple moved to this quiet part of Corktown to retire in peace. Suddenly, Joyce Nielsen and Pete Johnson find themselves at the epicenter of the city's latest hot spot, and fear for the fate of the poor living among them.
When he was growing up here, Corktown was full of families raising their kids. Ray Moncivais hopes it can be like that again.
Nobody else wanted the empty plots of land around him in North Corktown, so Greg Willerer planted an urban farm. But with Ford coming to the neighborhood, those fields are going to be worth a fortune. Is there room here for a farm after Ford's arrival transforms the area?


text:
Tbilisi Wants to Prioritize Reversal of Russia's Moves in Abkhaz Plan
The Georgian government said the reversal of Russian decisions over Abkhazia, including the establishment of legal links with the breakaway region, should be in the first stage "of any peace process."
In a written statement issued late on July 22, the government said it "welcomed the active involvement of Germany in advancing the peace process."
"However, as presented, the German plan does not address the proximate cause of the recent, dangerous escalation that has taken place in the conflict zones – the role and actions of the Russian Federation," the statement reads.
"Russia has been a central player in degrading security in Georgia. As the first stage in any peace process, the Government of Georgia seeks the reversal of the legal, military, and economic violations of Georgian sovereignty resulting from Russia's actions."
In early March Russia pulled out from the 1996 CIS treaty on the imposition of sanctions on Abkhazia. In April, then Russian President Vladimir Putin, who is now the prime minister, issued a decree instructing state agencies to establish links with breakaway Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The move was then followed by the deployment of additional troops in Abkhazia in late April. In late May Russia sent its Railway Forces to Abkhazia to rehabilitate the region's railway infrastructure.
Some Details of German Abkhaz Plan Reported


Q. How do I know that I have made the order on your website?
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A. We take 4-5 business days (for Indian orders) & 10-15 business days (for international orders) for processing of your order. We will inform you immediately, just in case we require more time for a particular item.
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Kindly contact us if you want more information.


text:
Q: How can I resolve this issue regarding upgradation of pip on ubuntu 16.04? Here is what happened.I even tried to remove pip, but it shows the same problem.My python version is 2.7.12
saikat@saikat:~$ pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2
    Uninstalling pip-8.1.2:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 736, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 742, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 303, in move
    os.unlink(src)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/bin/pip'
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

A: try this.
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/e7/a8/7556133689add8d1a54c0b14aeff0acb03c64707ce100ecd53934da1aa13/pip-8.1.2.tar.gz
tar -xzvf pip-8.1.2.tar.gz
cd pip-8.1.2
sudo python setup.py install

It should help


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}

\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\footnotetext[1]{Corresponding author.\\ {\bf e-mail}: werner.maneschg@mpi-hd.mpg.de}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\arabic{footnote}}

Ceramics are often used as matrix material for the production of commercially available $\alpha$ emitters such as thorium and uranium sources. Due to the low-Z elements typically contained in ceramic materials such sources emit also  neutrons via ($\alpha$,n) reactions. The neutron source strength depends on the source activity and on the chemical composition of the ceramic.\\
Experiments in particle and astroparticle physics looking for rare events have a large interest in thorium and uranium sources for calibration measurements. However, the neutron source strengths should be reduced since the emitted neutrons can be problematic: On the one hand, they can activate detector materials and subsequent decays lead to delayed signals. On the other hand, they can cause instantaneous background signals in the own but also in neighboring experiments. Thus, a reduction of the neutron source strength is essential. This can be achieved by using materials where ($\alpha$,n) reactions are energetically not possible.\\
The present paper describes the production (Section \ref{ch:Production of a $^{228}$Th source with reduced neutron source strength}) and characterization (Section \ref{ch:Characterization of the custom-made $^{228}$Th source}) of a custom-made 5.41\,MBq $^{228}$Th source with a reduced neutron source strength for the Borexino experiment \cite{BOR08c} which is located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Assergi, Italy. The purpose of using such a strong source in Borexino is the determination of the external $\gamma$-background. It is caused mainly by the long-range 2.614\,MeV $\gamma$-rays originating from decays of the $^{232}$Th daughter nuclide $^{208}$Tl in the outer detector components, i.e. the stainless steel sphere, the photomultiplier tubes and the light concentrators.\\
The knowledge of the external $\gamma$-background in Borexino is of large importance for the determination of the solar neutrino rates, especially for the pep and CNO neutrino analysis but also for the measurement of the $^8$B neutrinos below the threshold of approximately 2.8\,MeV. In addition, the external calibration data are very useful for an improved understanding of the position and energy reconstruction and for comparison studies with Monte Carlo simulations in Borexino \cite{Man11}.\\

\section{Production of a $^{228}$Th source with reduced neutron source strength}
\label{ch:Production of a $^{228}$Th source with reduced neutron source strength}

The technique applied for the production of the Borexino $^{228}$Th source with a reduced neutron source strength was originally developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Villigen, Switzerland, in collaboration with the Physik-Institut at University of Z\"urich \cite{Tar11}, Switzerland. The method is aimed at embedding $^{228}$Th in a metallic, easily treatable material with an ($\alpha$,n) energy threshold lying above the maximal energy of $\alpha$-particles emitted from the $^{228}$Th daughter nuclides that is given by $^{212}$Po $\alpha$-particles reaching 8.8\,MeV.\\
Figure \ref{fig:alpha_n} shows the ($\alpha$,n) energy threshold $E{_{th}}$ for all isotopes known in 2003. For Z$<$50 only 17 stable isotopes exhibit an ($\alpha$,n) threshold $E{_{th}}$ above 8.8\,MeV.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=.23]{alpha_n.eps}
\caption{($\alpha$,n) energy thresholds for all nuclides taken from the AME2003 atomic mass evaluation \cite{Aud03}.}
\label{fig:alpha_n}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

For the Borexino $^{228}$Th source gold was selected as a monoisotopic element which has $E{_{th}}$=9.94\,MeV.\\
For the production of the custom-made $^{228}$Th source a commercially available ThCl$_4$ solution was acquired. Its characteristics are discussed in Section \ref{ch:Characteristics of the initial ThCl$_4$ solution}. The solution underwent a chemical-thermal treatment in order to obtain ThO$_2$ which was wrapped in gold foil (Section \ref{ch:Conversion of ThCl$_4$ into ThO$_2$ on gold}). The most abundant oxygen isotope is $^{16}$O (natural abundance: 99.76\%) and is not critical since it has a threshold  $E{_{th}}$=15.17\,MeV. The two isotopes $^{17}$O and $^{18}$O have an ($\alpha$,n) energy threshold $E_{th}$ of 0.72\,MeV and 0.85\,MeV. Even though their natural abundance is low, i.e. 0.04\% and 0.2\%, the presence of these two isotopes might induce a small amount of ($\alpha$,n) reactions. Finally, the gold covered source was sealed in a double encapsulation made of stainless steel (Section \ref{ch:Encapsulation and sealing}).

\subsection{Characteristics of the initial ThCl$_4$ solution}
\label{ch:Characteristics of the initial ThCl$_4$ solution}

5.77\,MBq $^{228}$Th was provided by Eckert \& Ziegler Isotope Products Inc., Valencia (CA), USA, in form of thorium tetrachloride (ThCl$_4$) dissolved in 1\,M hydrochloric acid (HCl).\\
Table \ref{tab:solution-spec} summarizes the characteristics of the liquid source.\\
The amount of the synthetic radioisotope $^{229}$Th is similar to $^{228}$Th but its contribution to the total activity is negligible ($<$0.03\%). No $^{233}$U, $^{234}$U, $^{235}$U, $^{236}$U or $^{238}$U could be detected ($<$10$^{-4}$\,$\mu$g). The concentrations of non-radioactive impurities such as iron (Fe) were not determined \cite{Lev10}.\\
The solution contains also 10\,$\mu$g zirconium (Zr) which was required as precipitation carrier. Even though the carrier ions could be removed e.g. by separating the thorium tracer and zirconium carrier in 9-12\,M HCl using an anion exchange resin \cite{Hyd60}, it was not considered within the production of the Borexino source for two reasons: (1) to guarantee maximal transfer of activity from the initial to the final product; (2) the stable Zr isotopes $^{90}$Zr, $^{91}$Zr, $^{92}$Zr and $^{94}$Zr (natural abundances: 51.45\%, 11.22\%, 17.15\%, 17.38\%) have an energy threshold $E_{th}$ of 7.95\,MeV, 5.35\,MeV, 6.67\,MeV and 5.60\,MeV for ($\alpha$,n) reactions, respectively. Hence, also a small but not negligible contribution from Zr to the neutron source strength of the final product is expected.

\begin{table*}
\begin{center}
	\begin{tabular}{|c|cccc|}
	\hline
	Activity 				&5.77\,MBq $\pm$ 15\%		&			& Reference date:			& March 1, 2010			\\
	\hline
	Chemical composition 	&ThCl$_4$ + 1\,M HCl in 1\,ml	&		& 	  						&						\\
	Carrier					&10\,$\mu$g Zr				&			& 	  						&						\\
	\hline
	Isotope composition		&Nuclide					&Weight 	& Weight by mass [\%]			&	Activity [\%]	\\
							&$^{228}$Th					&2.68\,$\mu$g	& 34.844					&	99.9703 	\\
							&$^{229}$Th					&2.92\,$\mu$g	& 39.620					&	0.0295	\\
							&$^{230}$Th					&1.86\,$\mu$g	& 25.238					&	0.0002	\\
							&$^{232}$Th					&0.022\,$\mu$g	& 0.299						&	0.0000	\\
	\hline
	\end{tabular}
	\caption{\rm{Data sheet of the ThCl$_4$ solution delivered by Eckert \& Ziegler Isotope Products Inc., Valencia (CA), USA. The isotope composition was determined via Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge (TN), USA.}}
	\label{tab:solution-spec}
\end{center}
\end{table*}

\subsection{Conversion of ThCl$_4$ into ThO$_2$ on gold}
\label{ch:Conversion of ThCl$_4$ into ThO$_2$ on gold}

\subsubsection{Experimental set-up}
\label{ch:Experimental set-up}

The custom-made $^{228}$Th source for Borexino was produced at Institut f{\"u}r Kernchemie in Mainz, Germany where it is permitted to handle open radioactive material of high activity. Moreover, it provides an air filter system for collection and controlled release of radioactive gases such as $^{220}$Rn which is expected to escape permanently during the hand\-ling of the $^{228}$Th.\\
The glove box placed in a standard hood with exhaust filter contained:
\begin{itemize}
\item Teflon beaker with conical cavity and a glass fiber filter lid,
\item Precast gold crucible and a gold envelop made out of 25\,$\mu$m thick gold foil of approximately 6\,cm$^2$ area,
\item Heater covered with aluminium foil, grounded and connected to a temperature sensor located outside the glovebox,
\item Custom-made oven with temperature sensor,
\item 5\,ml and 100\,$\mu$l pipettes with polypropylene tips of type Tipac C20/TJ from GILSON,
\item HNO$_3$ acid and distilled water,
\item Real time dose meter placed outside the glovebox for monitoring the activity through the plexiglass wall of the glovebox.
\end{itemize}

Before the $^{228}$Th source for the Borexino experiment was produced the technique has been already applied for the production of three custom-made $\sim$20 kBq $^{228}$Th sources for the GERDA experiment \cite{Tar11}. Even though the technique is not complicated it is highly sensitive to environmental conditions: The transfer of activity in its final product was close to 100\% in two cases and only $\sim$35\% in one case. In order to avoid an uncontrolled loss of activity (a) an electrostatic charge of the glovebox environment and (b) larger residuals of ThCl$_4$ solution on used instrumentation have to be avoided.

\subsubsection{Procedure}
\label{ch:Procedure}

The procedure of converting the initial ThCl$_4$ solution into ThO$_2$ in gold is as follows:
\begin{enumerate}

\item Conversion of ThCl$_4$ into Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ (Fig. \ref{fig:production-steps}, top left):\\
The ThCl$_4$ solution is transferred into a teflon beaker with conical cavity, a few ml of HNO$_3$ are added and
evaporated to dryness at T$\sim$115$^\circ$C within $\sim$3 hours. The following reaction takes place:
  \begin{equation}
  \begin{split}
  3\, \mathrm{ThCl_4} + 16\, \mathrm{HNO_3} \ \xrightarrow{\sim 115^{\circ}C} \\
  [3\, \mathrm{Th(NO_3)_4]_s} + [4\, \mathrm{NOCl} + 8\, \mathrm{H_2O} + 4\, \mathrm{Cl_2]_g }
  \end{split}
  \label{eq:th-conversion-A}
  \end{equation}
where `s' stands for solid phase and `g' for gaseous phase. Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ is generated and left in a solid state in the teflon cavity, while the remnants nitrosylchloride, water and chlorine evaporate.

\item Transfer of Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ into the gold crucible (Fig. \ref{fig:production-steps}, top right):\\
The remaining Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ was dissolved in about 100\,$\mu$l concentrated HNO$_3$ and was stepwise transferred into the small gold crucible. The crucible was heated up to T$\sim$120$^\circ$C for $\sim$30\,min to evaporate the HNO$_3$.\\
In principle, the conversion of ThCl$_4$ into Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ could be directly performed in the gold crucible. However, the handling of the small volumina in the small crucible turned out to be quite challenging due to capillarity forces. Moreover, during evaporation HNO$_3$ in combination with HCl gives a highly corrosive {\it{aqua regia}} which dissolves gold. Therefore, to prevent a spill either the gold foil must be thick enough or the process has to be bypassed.

\item Conversion of Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ into ThO$_2$ (Fig. \ref{fig:production-steps}, bottom left):\\
The gold crucible is folded geometrically, but not hermetically. It is inserted into an oven and heated at T$\sim$650$^\circ$C for $\sim$30\,min. At this temperature residual organic compounds volatilize and the Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ compounds are destroyed. Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ releases NO$_2$ and O$_2$ and forms ThO$_2$ on the inner surface of the gold foil according to:
  \begin{equation}
  \begin{split}
  3\, \mathrm{Th(NO_3)_4} \ \xrightarrow{\sim 650^{\circ}C} \\
  [3\, \mathrm{ThO_2]_s} + [12\, \mathrm{NO_2} + 3\, \mathrm{O_2]_g}
  \end{split}
  \label{eq:th-conversion-A}
  \end{equation}
\item Folding of gold crucible (Fig. \ref{fig:production-steps}, bottom right):\\
Finally, the gold crucible is inserted in an additional gold cover and is folded several times. This prevent a loss of activity and seals contaminations on the outside of the primary gold containment.
\end{enumerate}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\epsfig{file=a1.eps,width=0.45\linewidth,clip=} & \epsfig{file=a2.eps,width=0.45\linewidth,clip=} \\
\epsfig{file=a3.eps,width=0.45\linewidth,clip=} & \epsfig{file=a4.eps,width=0.45\linewidth,clip=}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Production of the Borexino source (from left top to right bottom): Conversion of ThCl$_4$ into Th(NO$_3$)$_4$; Transfer of Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ into the gold crucible; Conversion of Th(NO$_3$)$_4$ into ThO$_2$; Insertion of the gold crucible into the gold cover.}
\label{fig:production-steps}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Encapsulation and sealing}
\label{ch:Encapsulation and sealing}

The radioactive gold foil was encapsulated and sealed by the company Eckert und Ziegler Nuclitec GmbH in Braunschweig, Germany. The profile and a photo of the used double encapsulation of type VZ-3474-002 are shown in Figure \ref{fig:encapsulation}. The encapsulation has a small diameter of 6.4\,mm in order to fit into small cavities such as the re-entrant tubes of the Borexino external calibration system. In addition, one ending of the capsule has a thread which allows to fix the source on an insertion road.\\
Subsequently, leakage and contamination tests were performed. The required criteria were fulfilled, i.e. the removed activity (a) with a wipe moistened with ethanol is $<$200\,Bq and (b) after immersion of the source in a suitable liquid at 50$^\circ$C for at least 4\,h is $<$200 Bq.\\
An additional wipe test prior the usage of the $^{228}$Th source in the Borexino experiment at LNGS demonstrated that the upper limit of the activity on the outer surface of the source encapsulation is $<$10\,mBq.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=.20]{encapsulation.eps}
\caption{Photos of the inclusion of the radioactive gold foil into the double encapsulation of the Borexino $^{228}$Th source. The sizes of the profile of the encapsulation are given in millimeters. Images courtesy of Eckert und Ziegler Nuclitec GmbH.}
\label{fig:encapsulation}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Characterization of the custom-made $^{228}$Th source}
  \label{ch:Characterization of the custom-made $^{228}$Th source}

\subsection{Gamma-spectroscopic measurements}
\label{Gamma-spectroscopic measurements}

\subsubsection{Activity transfer from the initial solution to the final product}
\label{Activity transfer from the initial solution to the final product}

A first series of $\gamma$-spectroscopic measurements were carried out at Institut f{\"u}r Kernchemie in Mainz, Germany, directly before and after the source production. The aim was to define the relative loss of activity on the instrumentation within the glovebox due to non-ideal environmental conditions (see Section \ref{ch:Experimental set-up}). In case of larger residues, it would have been mandatory to search for the radioactive residues and to reinsert them in the final source to guarantee the expected source strength for the ca\-li\-bra\-tion measurement in Borexino.\\
For the measurements an unshielded High Purity Germanium Coaxial Detector manufactured by Ortec was used. The energy range was set to [40,2000]\,keV. Its {\it full width half maximum} is 1.8\,keV at the 1.33\,MeV $\gamma$-line from $^{60}$Co.\\
The main conclusion is that the yield of activity transfer to the final $^{228}$Th source is larger than 91\% (at 68\% C.L.). Even though the result still had a large uncertainty, this interim result was satisfactory, so the custom-made source could be sent to Eckert \& Ziegler Nuclitec GmbH for encapsulation (see Section \ref{ch:Encapsulation and sealing}).

\subsubsection{Estimation of the absolute gamma activity of the source}
\label{Estimation of the absolute activity of the source}

\begin{table*}[t]
\begin{center}
	\begin{tabular}{|c|cc|c|}
	\hline
    		Nuclide		&Energy 		& Branching ratio 		&Corrected count rate 	\\
    					& [keV]			& [\%]					& [10$^6$ counts\,s$^{-1}$] \\
    \hline
    		$^{212}$Pb	&238.6 			&43.3					&2.05 $\pm$ 21\% 	\\
      		$^{208}$Tl	&583.2 			&30.4					&4.63 $\pm$ 11\% 	\\
      					&2614.5 		&35.6					&5.41 $\pm$ 6\% 	\\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
	\caption{\rm{Count rates of three prominent $\gamma$-lines from the custom-made $^{228}$Th source. The count rates are corrected for the branching ratios of the corresponding $\gamma$-lines. The corrected count rates of lower energetic $\gamma$-rays are suppressed due to self-absorption effects in the source encapsulation.}}
	\label{tab:absolute-activity}
\end{center}
\end{table*}

The absolute $\gamma$-activity of the Borexino $^{228}$Th source was estimated by a comparison with a ca\-li\-bra\-ted reference $^{228}$Th source by means of $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy.\\
The activity of the reference $^{228}$Th source was selected in order to exceed the background of the environment also at a larger distance from the detector, such that both $^{228}$Th sources could be treated as point-like sources. For this purpose a calibrated $^{228}$Th source with an activity of $A_{\mathrm{r}}$=297\,kBq $\pm$ 5\% (at 2$\sigma$; reference date: March 1, 2010) was selected.\\
The used $\gamma$-spectrometer was a Broad Energy Germanium detector (BEGe) manufactured by Canberra. The energy range of this detector was set to approximately [20,3000]\,keV and its {\it full width half maximum} is 1.7\,keV at the 1.33\,MeV $\gamma$-line from $^{60}$Co and 0.57\,keV at the 59.5\,keV $\gamma$-line from $^{241}$Am.\\
For the measurement the $^{228}$Th sources were placed one by one in $\sim$162\,cm distance from the unshielded detector. At this distance both sources can be assumed to be point-like. One measurement for each of the two $^{228}$Th sources and one of the background were carried out. The spectra are shown in Figure \ref{fig:gamma-spectra}.\\
The evaluation was carried out according to \cite{DIN254825}. The obtained results are summarized in Table \ref{tab:absolute-activity}.\\
The measured count rates of single $\gamma$-lines corrected by their branching ratios are not equal due to self-absorption in the source encapsulation. They differ by more than factor of 2 in the range of [238,2615]\,keV. For the high-energetic 2.615\,MeV $\gamma$-rays a corrected count rate of
\begin{equation*}
(5.41 \pm 0.30)\times10^6 \mathrm{counts\,s^{-1}}
  \label{eq:source-gamma-activity}
\end{equation*}
is obtained (reference date: March 1, 2010). Taking into account a small activity loss during the source production and the intrinsic attenuation due to the $~$1.2\,mm thick encapsulation (few \% for 2.615\,MeV $\gamma$-rays) there is a very good agreement between the final source activity and the initial activity of the ThCl$_4$ solution (compare with Section \ref{Activity transfer from the initial solution to the final product} and Table \ref{tab:solution-spec}).

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33,angle=270]{gamma-spectra-v2.eps}
\caption{Energy spectrum of the Borexino $^{228}$Th source and the $^{228}$Th reference source. The $\gamma$-rays contributing to the background stem from the environment and intrinsic contamination of the detector. The count rates are expressed in counts per second [cps].}
\label{fig:gamma-spectra}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Neutron source strength measurement}
\label{Neutron source strength measurement}

The neutron source strength of the custom-made Borexino $^{228}$Th source was measured at the Physikalisch-Techische Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig, Germany.\\
To measure the neutron emission components of the PTB Bonner sphere spectrometer were used: a spherical proportional counter of type SP9 filled with 200\,kPa $^{3}$He gas and the standard data acquisition system. The SP9 counter made by Centronic Ltd., Croyden, UK, is most sensitive to thermal neutrons ($E$ $<$1\,eV) which produce two charged particles in the reaction $^{3}$He(n,p)$^{3}$H with a Q-value of 764\,keV. Gamma-rays entering the counter also ionize the $^{3}$He gas but with much lower total deposited energy. Therefore the SP9 counter is well suited for n-$\gamma$ discrimination. However, for the Borexino $^{228}$Th source the neutron source strength is expected to be only a very small fraction of the $\gamma$-source strength. In order to investigate the n-$\gamma$ discrimination for such conditions, the SP9 detector was exposed in the PTB irradiation facility to (i) a 11\,GBq $^{137}$Cs source, (ii) a $^{252}$Cf source with neutron source strength of 4$\times$10$^5$ s$^{-1}$ and (iii) the $^{137}$Cs and the $^{252}$Cf sources together to simulate a $\gamma$-n particle ratio of 10$^5$ and higher. It turned out that, compared to the conditions with a lower photon background, the hardware and software thresholds
had to be increased. Herein, the hardware threshold defines the lowest pulse height fed into the ADC, while the software threshold in the pulse height spectrum in\-di\-cates the separation between $\gamma$-rays and neutrons. Using these settings it could be shown that the large amount of coexistent $\gamma$-radiation does not influence the neutron efficiency of the SP9 counter.\\
A moderator set-up including a paraffin block with size 50$\times$75$\times$50\,cm$^3$ was used for the determination of the neutron source strength. The SP9 counter and the Borexino $^{228}$Th source were placed inside the moderator block at a distance of 20\,cm, each in an appropriate holder. All measurements performed within this campaign were done with the above described threshold settings.\\
Prior to the $^{228}$Th source measurements at PTB a series of measurements was done with no source in the paraffin block to determine the background. The background events above the threshold have two origins: from external radiation, i.e. events from high energy neutrons from the cosmic radiation which cannot be shielded and from internal radiation (radioactive impurities inside the counter). The latter contribution is only 2\% of the total background \cite{Neu03}. The event rate from neutrons from the cosmic radiation is anti-correlated to the air pressure \cite{Wie02}. However, for these measurements this effect is of minor importance and was not corrected.
\begin{table*}
\begin{center}
	\begin{tabular}{|c|c|cccc|}
	\hline
	reference 				&	spectrum 	&	mean energy	&	source strength		& reference			&	efficiency				\\
	source (rs)				&	references	&	$\langle E \rangle$ [MeV]   &  $B_{\mathrm{rs}}$ [s$^{-1}$]	& date				&	$c_{\mathrm{rs}} = B_{\mathrm{rs}}/\dot{N}_{\mathrm{rs}}$\\
	\hline
	$^{241}$AmBe	 		&	\cite{ISO01}&	4.05		&	72829 $\pm$ 1736	&	23.03.2010		&	1806.3 $\pm$ 43.1		\\
	$^{241}$AmB				&	\cite{Mar95}&	2.61		&	149570 $\pm$ 1081	&	08.05.2010		&	1706.4 $\pm$ 12.3		\\
	$^{252}$Cf				&	\cite{ISO01}&	2.13		&	1131906 $\pm$ 16979	&	06.05.2010		&	2063.6 $\pm$ 31.0		\\
	\hline
	\end{tabular}
	\caption{\rm{List of reference sources to determine the spectrum-dependent efficiency of the experimental set-up.}}
	\label{tab:reference-sources}
\end{center}
\end{table*}
To determine the spectrum dependent efficiency of the experimental set-up, three different radionuclide sources of known source strength and different neutron spectra, i.e. different mean energy, were used (see Table \ref{tab:reference-sources}). The quantity $c_{\mathrm{rs}}$ is needed as calibration factor, with `rs' for reference source, to calculate the desired source strength $B_{\mathrm{Th}}$ from the measured count rate $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{Th}}$ with the $^{228}$Th source placed in the same position as the reference sources.\\
MCNP calculations for ThO$_2$ in a gold foil resulted in a neutron energy spectrum with a mean energy of 2.41\,MeV \cite{Tar11}. Neutrons from $\alpha$-particles of the $^{228}$Th decay chain with Fe can be excluded \cite{Lev10}. Only a small neutron contribution from $\alpha$-particles reacting with Zr may be present (see Section \ref{ch:Characteristics of the initial ThCl$_4$ solution}), but they are not taken into account in the calculation. Looking the neutron energy spectra of the reference source in Figure \ref{fig:lethargy-spectra} the mean energy of the $^{241}$AmB source is closest to the mean energy of the $^{228}$Th source. Thus, the above introduced ca\-li\-bra\-tion factor is chosen to be the efficiency value derived with the $^{241}$AmB source, $c_{\mathrm{rs}} = c_{\mathrm{AmB}}$.\\
The measurements to determine the neutron source strength of the custom-made Borexino $^{228}$Th source
started 4\,d after closing the source and was performed for a total measurement time of $\sim$10\,d.
Thus, equilibrium of all $\alpha$ emitting daughter nuclides from $^{228}$Th can be assumed. Indeed, no increase of the count rate was observed during the entire measurement period.\\
The neutron source strength of the $^{228}$Th source was determined as follows:
  \begin{equation}
  B_{\mathrm{Th}} = f_c \cdot c_{\mathrm{AmB}} \cdot \dot{N}_{\mathrm{Th}}
  \label{eq:source-strength}
  \end{equation}
with
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
f_c &\equiv 1\\
c_{\mathrm{AmB}} &=B_{\mathrm{AmB}}/\dot{N}_{\mathrm{AmB}}\\
\dot{N}_{\mathrm{Th}} &= \dot{N}_{\mathrm{bgTh}} - f_{\mathrm{NTh}} \dot{N}_{\mathrm{bg}}\\
\dot{N}_{\mathrm{AmB}} &= \dot{N}_{\mathrm{bgAmB}} - f_{\mathrm{NAmB}} \dot{N}_{\mathrm{bg}}\\
f_{\mathrm{NTh}} &= f_{\mathrm{NAmB}}\equiv 1
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=.25]{lethargy-spectra.eps}
\caption{Neutron energy spectra of the Borexino $^{228}$Th source and of the three reference sources $^{241}$AmBe, $^{241}$AmB and $^{252}$Cf.}
\label{fig:lethargy-spectra}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
Herein $f_c$ is the correction factor to include the uncertainty due to the choice of the factor $c_{\mathrm{rs}}$. The coefficient $c_{\mathrm{AmB}}$ stays for the spectrum-dependent efficiency factor for the $^{241}$AmB source, $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{Th}}$ and $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{AmB}}$ stay for the background corrected count rate of the $^{228}$Th and $^{241}$AmB source. $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{bgTh}}$ and $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{bgAmB}}$ corresponds to the measured count rate with $^{228}$Th and $^{241}$AmB source inserted, including the background of cosmic radiation. $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{bg}}$ is the count rate due to the background events, $f_{\mathrm{NTh}}$ and $f_{\mathrm{NAmB}}$ are the air pressure correction factors.\\
The factors $f_{c}$, $f_{\mathrm{NTh}}$ and $f_{\mathrm{NAmB}}$ are all set to unity but they are needed to calculate a correct uncertainty budget using the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements (GUM) \cite{ISO95}. As it can be seen from Table \ref{tab:reference-sources}, the values for the source dependent efficiency $c_{\mathrm{rs}}$ show a spread of about 20\%.
Using the maximum difference and a rectangular distribution as estimate for the uncertainty of $f_c$, it follows $f_c=1\pm 0.121$. As was mentioned before, the anti-correlation of background count rate and air pressure was not corrected, but we assign an uncertainty to both correction factors as $f_{NTh} = f_{NAmB} = 1\pm 0.072$. The measured count rate of the background events is $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{bg}} = (7.26 \pm 0.11)$\,h$^{-1}$ and the count rates of the sum of neutrons from the $^{228}$Th source respectively $^{241}$AmB source plus background events are $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{bgTh}} = (20.38 \pm 0.28)$\,h$^{-1}$ and $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{bgAmB}} = (3.1555 \pm 0.0012){\times}10^5$\,h$^{-1}$.\\
By including all measured values and their associated uncertainties the source strength of the custom-made Borexino $^{228}$Th source was determined to be
\begin{equation*}
  B_{\mathrm{Th}} = (6.59 \pm 0.85)\,\mathrm{s^{-1}}
  \label{eq:source-strength}
\end{equation*}
(reference date: March 1, 2010). The uncertainty assigned to $f_c$ reflects the unsureness in the choice of the calibration factor and it contributes with 87\% to the total uncertainty of $B_{\mathrm{Th}}$ derived with GUM. The next smaller contribution of 9.4\% is connected to the air pressure correction factor $f_{\mathrm{NTh}}$ which is used in the calculation of the net count rate $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{Th}}$  while the thorium source was placed inside the paraffin block. The statistical uncertainty of the count rate $\dot{N}_{\mathrm{bgTh}}$ is only the third largest contribution (2.7\%).

\subsection{Dose rate estimation}
\label{Dose rate estimation}

Finally the dose rate of the Borexino 5.41\,MBq $^{228}$Th source was estimated. This is of major importance for a correct handling of the source during calibrations in terms of radiation protection following national law regulations.\\
The expected value of a dose rate $h$ emitted by a source of activity $A$ (unit: GBq) in a distance $r$ (unit: m) is given by
\begin{equation}
  h = k \cdot \frac{A}{r^2}
\label{eq:dose-rate}
\end{equation}
Herein, the factor $k$ corresponds to a specific radiation constant for a point-like source that is individual for each nuclide. For $^{228}$Th including all its daughter nuclides and assuming secular e\-qui\-li\-brium the factor $k$ is 0.187\,mSv\,m$^2$\,h$^{-1}$\,GBq$^{-1}$ \cite{Ger11}. Then, the expected dose rate in 1\,cm distance from the source becomes $h_{01}=10.1$\,mSv\,h$^{-1}$.\\
The dose rate has been measured by means of dosimeters placed in $\sim$30\,cm distance from the source. The used dosimeters are a Berthold UMo LB123 monitor with two different individually calibrated proportional counter probes of type Berthold LB1236. The instruments were made by Berthold Technologies GmbH \& Co KG, Bad Wildbad, Germany. From the measurements a dose rate of $\sim$12.1\,mSv\,h$^{-1}$ and $\sim$14.3\,mSv\,h$^{-1}$ in 1\,cm distance from the source was deduced. These values are in rather good agreement with the expectation.

\section{Conclusions}

The Borexino $^{228}$Th source described in this paper is unique in terms of its production, characterisation and achieved properties.\\
To our knowledge it is the first time that a custom-made $^{228}$Th source of several MBq activity was successfully produced where a ThCl$_4$ solution was chemically converted into ThO$_2$ on a gold substrate. The need for such a source was given by the fact that radioactive nuclides in commercially available sources are typically embedded in a ceramic matrix (low-Z material) and thus emit neutrons via ($\alpha$,n) reactions. These neutrons can induce unwanted background signals in the own or neighboring experiments looking for rare events. By using materials with a higher ($\alpha$,n) energy threshold such as gold their neutron source strength can be suppressed. Other possibilities to produce a $^{228}$Th source with a reduced neutron source strength were not explored but might be also complex. First, one could try to produce an inter-metallic alloy such as Th$_2$Gd \cite{Bau58} by arc melting under reduced argon atmosphere. Second, if exclusively 2.614\,MeV $\gamma$-rays are of interest a non-commercial $^{208}$Bi could be produced. $^{208}$Bi is an artificial unstable $\beta^+$ emitter ($\tau$=3.65$\times$10$^5$\,y) that emits purely 2.614\,MeV and 0.511\,MeV photons, the last ones from positron annihilation. Thus, there are no ($\alpha$,n) reactions and neutron emissions at all. However, $^{208}$Bi could only be produced via fast neutron activation (energy threshold: 7.5\,MeV) at a reactor site.\\
The Borexino $^{228}$Th source was fully characterized by means of its $\gamma$-activity, neutron source strength, dose rate and sealing properties. The activity $A$=(5.41$\pm$0.30)\,MBq of the $^{228}$Th source was measured by comparison with a calibrated $^{228}$Th source. The neutron source strength $B_{\mathrm{Th}}$ was measured to be (6.59$\pm$0.85)\,s$^{-1}$. ($\alpha$,n) reactions due to the presence of $^{17}$O, $^{18}$O, Zr and other impurities within the used gold encapsulation might have led to this small but still present amount of escaping neutrons. However, the ratio $B_{\mathrm{Th}}/A$=(1.22$\pm$0.17)$\times$10$^{-3}$\,s$^{-1}$\,kBq$^{-1}$ is several times less than from commercial sources based on ceramic compositions according to measurements and MCNP-based calculations using the code SOURCES 4A \cite{Tar11}. The obtained neutron suppression is sufficient when comparing the obtained value for $B_{\mathrm{Th}}$ with the neutron background from the walls at LNGS: The measured neutron flux in hall A is ($3.7\pm 0.2)\times $10$^{-2}$\,s$^{-1}$ m$^{-2}$ \cite{Bel89}. With a hall size of about 100$\times$20$\times$18\,m$^3$ one obtains an integrated flux that is larger than the neutron source strength of the Borexino $^{228}$Th source. Moreover, taking into account the ratio 3$\times$10$^5$:1 of 2.614\,MeV $\gamma$-rays to emitted number of neutrons, the determination of the neutron source strength set a milestone in terms of background suppression for $^3$He proportional gas counters.\\
So far, the here presented $^{228}$Th source has been used for the external calibration of the Borexino detector. Due to the precise characterisation and the relatively long life time of $^{228}$Th ($\tau$=2.76\,y) the Borexino $^{228}$Th source might also be useful for other rare-event experiments in underground laboratories that have to cope with an intrinsic external background.

\section{Acknowledgements}
  \label{ch:Acknowledgements}

The Max Planck Institut f\"ur Kernphysik sincerely thanks the Paul Scherrer Institut in Villigen, Switzerland, the Institut f\"ur Kernchemie in Mainz, Germany, and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig, Germany, for the scientific cooperation. The authors thank L. Lembo, A. Giampaoli, M. Laubenstein and D.~Budj\'a\v{s} for their support and contribution. W. Maneschg thanks the company Eckert und Ziegler Nuclitec GmbH for its constant courtesy. This work was supported by INTAS (Project Nr. 05-1000008-7996) and by DFG within the SFB Transregio 27 "Neutrinos and Beyond".

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The Slot Elements in LiveJournal
Home / The Slot Elements in LiveJournal
By rsusun18 August 27, 2022
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Was born in Russia, Moscow, in 1982.
2013 – 2016 Jan Evangelista Purkine University (Czech Republic), MA in Photography.
2007 - 2009 Moscow State University of Culture and Arts (Russia).
2008 - 2010 workshops at Summer School of photography in Latvia.
2010 Pingyao Photography Festival, China, etc.
Residencies: 2011, Armenia, hosted by Art and Cultural Studies Laboratory.
Finalist of "Silver Camera Festival" of Moscow House of Photography Museum 2008.
Finalist of "Month of Photography in Bratislava" portfolio review 2008.
Works are in collection of Russian Museum (St Petersburg, Russia), Centro de Fotografia Isla de Tenerife (Spain) and private collections.


An important part of education is cultural awareness. The BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha organizes Experience India Tours for youths from different parts of the world to partake in a life-changing tour of India. By completely immersing themselves in India's culture, youths gain valuable insight about its people, places, and practices. The trips also serve to educate youths on the spiritual and moral principles upheld in Indian society. Previous tours have covered different parts of India, including Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, the foothills of the Himalayas, and Andhra Pradesh. These trips provide a cultural education that can only be soaked in with first-hand experiences. These trips are reinforced with workshops, classroom sessions, and workbooks that help participants digest all the information they receive.


I'm a pretty good person to get to know, I think.
I love movies, music, walking, talking, a bit of dancing, wasabi, nature programmes, traveling.....I love to laugh and I love to think. I'm a dreamer, but I'm a realist.
I'm a Londoner (with South African roots), currently living in Cape Town, though not sure for how long.
I don't have a defined career as such. I am many things - a screenwriter, filmmaker, charity events organizer and fundraiser. Currently working in area of corporate social responsibility and 'advertising' for good causes.
I have a large, diverse network of friends all over the world and my friends and big family are incredibly important to me.
I would say one of the most important things is for me to find someone who loves to laugh, who will make me laugh and someone who enjoys talking about everything from creative and political to philosophical and silly. If you're a person who is over interested in image, fashion, the body beautiful etc. then we aint meant to be.
As long as you have a sense of humour, are interested in the world, like to watch films, love music, aren't a chain smoker, aren't obsessed with image, don't take yourself too seriously and are ready looking for love, I'd like to meet you.
My perfect match is young at heart but not too immature. Someone who loves to laugh, is keen to travel, enjoys discussion and the arts, is a fan the outdoors and is confident and open minded. Being a bit of a romantic is never a bad thing either, I am one too.
Em82 hasn't asked any friends to write a recommendation yet.


Over the last week, the exterior of our cabin has been getting a new, slick black paint job. We hired out that part of the painting to avoid getting up on the nearly vertical 25 ft. ladder and we found a crew that would do it all for $1800–worth it! However, we knew we could handle painting the doors ourselves, especially since when they started we were still not sure what color we'd go with.
There are 4 sets of doors. These main ones you see that lead out to the upper deck. A pair of similar doors on the lower deck. Our "front door" that's actually in the back of the house (you can see when we replaced it here) and a door on an upper deck on the back above the front door. To minimize the look of all of those doors and really put the accent on the windows, we decided to paint them the same black as the exterior–Cabot's Solid Stain in Black.
Before starting, we took a screwdriver and scraped off the old glue around the windows and doors that had seeped out over the years.
We pulled out our trusty HANDy Paint Cups for the task. It holds up to a pint of paint or stain so Chris and I could both tackle a set without having to make multiple trips to the paint can.
And maybe the best part is the magnetic brush holder that keeps the brush from falling into the paint when not in use, keeping our brushes a lot cleaner and lasting a lot longer, too.
The exterior paint job is getting finished this week and we promise to give you a full, pulled-back look at the whole thing as soon as they finish up, but here's a big sneak peek!
We have decided to keep the decks more natural; keeping the rustic, worn look and just putting on a clear coat to protect the wood. I love the juxtaposition of the more worn wood with the sleeker black exterior.
We let the HANDy Paint Cups dry overnight and peeled out the solid stain in nearly one sheet to clean them.
So many of you weighed in on colors you wanted to see the doors painted on an Instagram live we did, there were a lot of votes from black, but also dark green, and even mustard yellow. Seeing the reflections of the fall leaves and mountains and water in the windows, we're so happy we kept the windows the focal point…although I can't get enough of that black either.
I LOVE the black doors. We had considered that for our brand new front doors a few years ago, but found out it would void the warranty. Something about the trim holding in the glass would get too hot from the sun, would expand slightly, enough to loosen the seal with the glass, and the doors would prematurely leak air. Definitely a consideration for a northern winter.
I wonder if we were mis informed. I do love love love the look!
Just an fyi, I'm pretty sure the glue/caulking around the door windows is going to come back. I painted a door like yours and painted the glass frame to match; it was a deep maroon and looked great for about six months. The white caulking seeped out and I had to keep touching it up. Gah!
That black exterior with the yellow tree and wood deck! Love!
This looks amazing!! we also have a black house (mcm) and it took me a full few days to get over the shock of such a dramatic change [from army green], but now a year later I know we made the right choice. Instant modernization. Also long time user of Handy pail….for all the reasons listed.
Did you re-caulk the windows and doors before staining them?
We don't have any leaks so we didn't, but one definitely could.
Yaaaaasssss. Yummy. I think all black was an excellent choice.
Did you actually paint the doors with the same stain?
Yup! It's a solid acrylic stain that goes on a lot like paint.
I love the black! Looks so cool. When you do the full reveal, I would love to hear more about the window tint as well. Good work!
I usually don't comment about sponsored products, but I'm actually obsessed with using the Handy Paint Pail (it's the slightly bigger version of this, but basically the same). My husband picked it up for me while we were painting the interior of our house (I edge, he rolls), and I've used it on every painting project after that. I honestly wouldn't paint without it. The brush magnet is so helpful, and the handle saves my left hand from cramping while actually holding something. The pail size also has liners that can be tossed after each paint job.
Julia and Chris, you're place is looking amazing and it's been so much fun to follow! Other than the Cabot stain, do you recommend an opaque paint for an exterior door? Indoors I've had luck with BM Advance, but it isn't suitable for outdoors. If you have any tips on application without unmounting the door I'd really appreciate it. Thanks!
Most brands offer an outdoor option – I would just suggest not going with the cheapest. Pay a little more and it will last longer.
The sneak peak has me excited for the full view! The black is making the windows shine and nicely reflect the nature.
Had always used an old sour cream container for paint, not wanting to spend a few extra bucks on the "fancy" paint bucket. BUT IT'S TOTALLY WORTH IT! I have the Handy Paint cup now and painting and cleanup is much easier and cleaner.
Have you tried a dry wall taping knife for the trim? I think that's what it's called? It's between 8-10 inches and looks like a long a skinny putty knife, it's pretty much a long rectangle thingy that you can put between the carpet and the trim to hold the carpet away from the trim while you paint it and then you can slide it down to the next area to paint. Life saver for me when I would paint trim!!
No, I haven't. Thanks for the suggestion, Debbie!


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